NAWSA SUBJECT FILE Forbes, Rose D. COMMITTEE ON MILITARISM IN EDUCATION, 2929 Broadway, New York City EXECUTIVE BOARD Roswell P Barnes, Mrs. J. Henry Callister, Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes, E.C. Lindeman, Mrs. Marion M. Miller, Helen Morton, Selden Rodman, Alfred Schmalz, Norman Thomas, Wellington H. Tinker, Kenneth Walser, L. Hollingsworth Wood OFFICERS George A. Coe, Chairman, Harry A. Overstreet, Vice-Chairman, John Nevin Sayre, Vice-Chairman, Oswald Garrison Villard, Treasurer, Virgil E. Lowder, Assistant Treasurer, Edwin C. Johnson, Secretary, Dorothy Shoemaker, Associate Secretary NATIONAL COUNCIL Will W. Alexander, Dean Leslie Blanchard, Rev. W. Russell Bowie, Howell Hamilton Broach, John Brophy, Inez. M, Cavert, Bayard H. Christy, Albert F. Coyle, Mrs. J. Sergeant Cram, Prof. Jerome Davis, James H. Dillard, Sherwood Eddy, Rev. Noble S. Elderkin, Prof. Charles Ellwood, Zona Gale, Rev. Alvin C. Goddard, Linley V. Gordon, Rev. Joel Hayden, Prof. Carlton J. H. Hayes, Pres. John M. Henry, Rev. John Herring, Prof. Manley O. Hudson, Hannah Clothier Hull, Prof. Rufus Jones, James Weldon Johnson, Frederick J. Libby, Prof. Robert Morss Lovett, Prof. Halford E. Luccock, James H. Maurer, Prof. Alexander Meiklejohn, Bishop Francis H. McConnell, Mrs. John F. Moors, Orie O. Miller, Pres. Arthur E. Morgan, A.J. Muste, Prof. Reinhold Niebuhr, Frank Olmstead, Bishop Bromley Oxnam, Kirby Page, Pres. Marion Park, Rt. Rev. Edward L. Parsons, Carl Patterson, Prof. Ira M. Price, Justice James Hoge Ricks, Prof. W. Carson Ryan, Rt. Rv, William J. Scarlett, Helen Seabury, J. Henry Scattergood, Rev. Charles M. Sheldon, Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, Katherine V. Silverthorn, Rev. T. Guthrie Speers, Rev. Ernest F. Tittle, Dean Henry P. Van Dusen, Richard Welling, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, Prof. Luther A. Weigle, Pres. Mary E. Woolley, William Allen White April 23, 1937 Dear friend: You will be interested in the enclosed pamphlet entitled "The Cure for Compulsory Drill". The "Cure" refers to the Nye-Kvale bills which propose to end compulsory military training in civil schools and colleges by an appropriate amendment to Section 40 of the National Defense Act. The Senate Military Affairs Committee, we understand, is now in process of preparing its report on the Nye-Kvale Amendment. Within the next two or three weeks, in all probability, the Committee members will determine their respective positions with respect to the proposed measure. Consequently, it is of immediate importance that all who are opposed to compulsory military training and favor the Nye-Kvale proposal, should write their Senators regarding it. Will you do so at once? Can you get two or three friends to do likewise? Your cooperation in this matter is all the more urgent because, as you will notice from the enclosed list, one of your Senators is a member of the Senate Military Affairs Committee. Letters regarding this matter will be most helpful if they do two things: (a) Ask for information as to the present status of the Nye-Kvale bills (S.367; H.R.3800); and (b) Express your hope that your Senator will be among those supporting passage of the bill, briefly outlining or suggesting what you consider to be the more important reasons which you feel would justify him in taking such a position. Appreciating your prompt cooperation in this matter, and hoping you will advise us what reply, if any, you receive from your Senators, I remain Faithfully yours, Edwin C. Johnson Encl. ECJ:K BS&AU 12646 WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY JANE ADDAMS, PRESIDENT AN EMERGENCY FUND OF $15,000 is needed to further the Movement. I hereby pledge $___________ on ___________ Name Address Make checks payable to Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes 280 Adams Street, Milton, Mass. [?] The Woman's Peace Party Emergency Fund Camp for 15000. Mrs J Malcolm Forbes Pres Mrs Eliz [?Gledner] Evans Treas WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY WE, WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES, assembled in behalf of World Peace, grateful for the security of our own country, but sorrowing for the misery of all involved in the present struggle among warring nations, do hereby band ourselves together to demand that war should be abolished. Equally with men pacifists, we understand that planned-for, legalized, wholesale, human slaughter is today the sum of all villainies. As women, we feel a peculiar moral passion of revolt against both the cruelty and the waste of war. As women, we are especially the custodians of the life of the ages. We will not longer consent to its reckless destruction. As women, we are particularly charged with the future of childhood and with the care of the helpless and unfortunate. We will not longer accept without protest that added burden of maimed and invalid men and poverty stricken widows and orphans which was places upon us. As women, we have builded by the patient drudgery of the past the basic foundation of the home and of peaceful industry. We will not longer endure without protest which must be heard and heeded by men that hoary evil which in an hour destroys the social structure that centuries of toil have reared. As women, we are called upon to start each generation onward toward a better humanity. We will not longer tolerate without determined opposition that denial of the sovereignty of reason and justice by which war and all that makes for war today renders impotent the idealism of the race. Therefore, as human beings and the mother half of humanity, we demand that our right to be considered in the settlement of questions concerning not alone the life of individuals but of nations be recognized and respected. We demand that women be given a share in deciding between war and peace in all the courts of high debate; within the home, the school, the church, the industrial order, and the State. So protesting, and so demanding, we hereby form ourselves into a national organization to be called the WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY We hereby adopt the following as our platform of principles, some of the item of which have been accepted by a majority vote, and more of which have been the unanimous choice of those attending the conference which initiated the formation of this organization. We have sunk all differences of opinion on minor matters and give freedom of expression to a wide divergence of opinion in the details of our platform and in our statement of explanation and information in a common desire to make our woman's protest against war and all that makes for war vocal, commanding and effective. We welcome to our membership all who are in substantial sympathy with that fundamental purpose of our organization whether or not they can accept in full our detailed statement of principles. PLATFORM THE PURPOSE of this Organization is to enlist all American women in arousing the nations to respect the sacredness of human life and to abolish war. The following is adopted as our platform : 1. The immediate calling of a convention of neutral nations in the interest of early peace. 2. Limitation of armaments and the nationalization of their manufacture. 3. Organized opposition to militarism in our own country . 4. Education of youth in the ideals of peace. 5. Democratic control of foreign policies. 6. The further humanizing of governments by the extension of the franchise to women. 7. "Concert of Nations" to supersede "Balance of Power." 8. Action toward the gradual organization of the world to substitute Law for War. 9. The substitution of an international police for rival armies and navies. 10. Removal of the economic causes of war. 11. The appointment by our Government of a commission of men and women, with an adequate appropriation, to promote international peace. The Conference Further Adopted the Following Resolution: Resolved: That we denounce with all the earnestness of which we are capable the concerted attempt now being made force this country into still further preparedness for war. We desire to make a solemn appeal to the higher attributes of our common humanity to help us unmask this menace to our civilization. OFFICERS Chairman, Jane Addams, Hull House, Chicago. Honorary Chairman, Carrie Chapman Catt. Vice Chairmen, Anna Garlin Spencer, Meadville, Pa. Mrs. Henry D. Villard, New York City. Mrs. Louis F. Post, Washington D.C. Mrs. John Jay White, Washington D.C. Temporary Headquarters, Hull House, Chicago until the appointment of a treasurer, money may be sent to Juliet Barrett Rublee, 1105 Sixteenth Street, Washington D.C. RULES GOVERNING THE ORGANIZATION The name shall be Woman's Peace Party. The officers shall be a Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer and four Vice-Chairmen, who together shall form an Executive Council. A Cooperating Council shall be appointed by the Executive Council Chairman of States shall be appointed by the Executive Council, and these in turn shall appoint Chairmen of their respective Congressional Districts. The members shall be: 1. Local groups wherever they can be organized, each to pay $5 annually into the National Treasury. 2. Sustaining Members, who shall individually pay $1 annually into the National Treasury. APPLICATION BLANK I hereby apply for membership in the Woman's Peace Party for {myself, this organization, as a {sustaining local group} member and enclose $____ for my Dues Name Address Until the appointment of a Treasurer, dues and contributions may be sent to [Juliet Barrett Rublee, 105 Sixteenth Street, Washington, D.C.] [*Miss Margaret M. James 12 Otis Place, Boston] The Massachusetts Branch of the Woman's Peace Party Gratefully acknowledges Mrs. William Lloyd Garrison Jr's membership fee. Margaret M. James, Corresponding Secretary, 12 Otis Place, Boston, Mass "PACIFIST" A MISNOMER We who are working for international relations founded on justice and democracy repudiate the name "pacifist" in its present interpretation. The words "pacifist" and "pacifism" came from Europe years ago in good standing, and in their original sense stood for world organization and the final abolition of war. They were, however, never satisfactory to most of the American workers because of their passive sound and capacity of being misconstrued. Recently these words have been made to stand for qualities both weak and bad; - qualities from which in their original meaning they were as far removed as patriotism is from disloyalty. The vast majority of members of peace societies are as remote from "pacifism", when interpreted as cowardice, sedition, and treason, as are workers for righteousness from promoters of unrighteousness. Our belief is what it always has been, viz., that a League of Nations must be formed to keep order and promote justice in the civilized world, by means of an International Court, a Council of Conciliation, and an international force. We believe, further, that after German militarism is conquered, at the Peace Settlement Table world organization must be effected, so that causes of friction between nations may be reduced and the system of law be made to replace the system of war. The fruits of this war must be a better and warless world. Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes Mrs. Le Baron R. Briggs Miss Eugenia Brooks Frothingham Miss Katharine McDowell Rice Mrs. David Cheever October 4, 1918 Boston, Mass. COMMITTEE ON MILITARISM IN EDUCATION, 2929 Broadway, New York City EXECUTIVE BOARD Roswell P Barnes, Leslie Blanchard, Mrs. J. Henry Callister, Inez M. Cavert, Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes, E.C. Lindeman, Virgil E. Lowder, Mrs. Marion M. Miller, Norman Thomas, Wellington H. Tinker, Walter W. Van Kirk, Kenneth Walser, L. Hollingsworth Wood OFFICERS George A. Coe, Chairman, Harry A. Overstreet, Vice-Chairman, John Nevin Sayre, Vice-Chairman, Tucker P. Smith, Chairman Executive Board, Alvin C. Goddard, Treasurer, Edwin C. Johnson, Secretary NATIONAL COUNCIL Will W. Alexander, Rev. W. Russell Bowie, Howell Hamilton Broach, John Brophy, Bayard H. Christy, Albert F. Coyle, Mrs. J. Sergeant Cram, Prof. Jerome Davis, James H. Dillard, Sherwood Eddy, Rev. Noble S. Elderkin, Prof. Charles Ellwood, Zona Gale, Linley V. Gordon, Rev. Joel Hayden, Prof. Carlton J. H. Hayes, Pres. John M. Henry, Rev. John Herring, Prof. Manley O. Hudson, Hannah Clothier Hull, Prof. Rufus Jones, James Weldon Johnson, Frederick J. Libby, Prof. Robert Morss Lovett, Prof. Halford E. Luccock, James H. Maurer, Prof. Alexander Meiklejohn, Bishop Francis H. McConnell, Mrs. John F. Moors, Orie O. Miller, Pres. Arthur E. Morgan, Pres. S.K. Mosiman, A.J. Muste, Prof. Reinhold Niebuhr, Frank Olmstead, Pres. Bromley Oxnam, Kirby Page, Pres. Marion Park, Rt. Rev. Edward L. Parsons, Carl Patterson, Prof. Ira M. Price, Justice James Hoge Ricks, Prof. W. Carson Ryan, Rt. Rv, William J. Scarlett, Helen Seabury, Mary Seaury, J. Henry Scattergood, Rev. Charles M. Sheldon, Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, Katherine V. Silverthorn, Rev. T. Guthrie Speers, Rev. Ernest F. Tittle, Dean Henry P. Van Dusen, Oswald G. Villard, Richard Welling, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, Prof. Luther A. Weigle, Pres. Mary E. Woolley, William Allen White October 1, 1935 Dear Friend: The enclosed issue of our new bulletin gives you, among other things, a rather detailed story on Senator Nye's and Congressman Kvale's introduction of bills intending to outlaw compulsion in R.O.T.C. units in our civil schools and colleges. The second enclosure, which is a reprint of the text of the bills, briefly outlines suggestions for arousing and giving expression to public support for their proposed Defense Act amendment. Additional copies of this reprint, together with copies of other folders now being prepared, are available for those willing to assist in the drive for the passage of the Nye-Kvale measure. How many copies may we send you? Now that most Senators and Congressmen are "back home", I would especially call your attention to the suggestion that small delegations of voting citizens be organized to call upon them to urge that they use their influence in securing the passage of the Nye-Kvale bills. Will you undertake such an effort in your Congressional district? Already the Hearst press has attached Senator Nye and Mr. Kvale for having introduced their bills. The Hearst writers seek to discredit the Nye-Kvale measure by making much of our organization's interest in and support for it. All these Hearst charges we shall answer in a subsequent issue of our news bulletin. Meanwhile, the best answer to Hearst and his company will be an overwhelming demand for favorable Congressional action upon these bills which promise to restrict the extensive militarism which has encroached itself upon American education since the War. Please give our active cooperation to this drive, and do not hesitate to let us know when we can serve your local needs. Sincerely yours, Edward Johnson Secretary ECJ.MD Committee on Militarism in Education Date________________________________193 2929 Broadway New York City I desire to participate in your work by contributing to its budget. I enclose __________________dollars herewith. I pledge ___________________________dollars payable ___________________________________________ Name__________________________________________________________________________________________ Address________________________________________________________________________________________ City_____________________________________State__________________________________________________ On the other side I suggest names and addresses of persons who may be interested or willing to help. 393 Outlaw R.O.T.C. Conscription In American Civil Education! Work For The Enactment Of the Nye-Kvale Amendment! 74th Congress 1st Session} H.R. 8950 A Bill To amend the Act of June 4, 1920, entitled "An Act to amend an Act entitled 'An Act for making further and more effectual provision for the national defense, and for other purposes', approved June 3, 1916, and to establish military justice". to limit its application in the case of civil educational institutions to those offering elective courses in military training. By Mr. Kvale July 24, 1935 Referred to the Committee on Military Affairs and ordered to be printed 74th Congress 1st Session} S. 3309 A Bill Amending the Act of June 4, 1920, entitled "An Act to amend an Act entitled 'An Act for making further and more effectual provision for the national defense, and for other purposes', approved June 3, 1916, and to establish military justice", to limit it's application in the case of civil educational institutions to those offering elective courses in military training. By Mr. Nye May 13 (calendar day, July 24), 1935 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs Things You Can Do To Help Secure The Passage of the Nye-Kvale Amendment 1. Contact Your Senators and Congressman: If they are in Washington, write them (addressing Senators at "Senate Office Building" and Congressmen at "House Office Building") urging their support of the Nye-Kvale amendment. If they are "back home," obtain their local addresses and do likewise; or, better still, organize small delegations of interested citizens to call upon them to seek their pledge of support for the Nye-Kvale measure when it comes before the next Congress. 2. Arouse Public Support for the Amendment: Approach your friends, requesting their cooperation. Urge all local groups and organizations to which you may belong to take action in support of the Amendment. Wherever possible set up a local organization, as comprehensive in scope as it can be made, to carry on a local campaign in support of the proposed amendment. 3. Send Copies of Resolutions and Other Evidences of Support for the Nye-Kvale Amendment: (a) To your two Senators; (b) To your Congressman; (c) To your local newspapers; (d) To Hon. John J. McSwain, Chairman, House Committee on Military Affairs, House Office Building, Washington , D.C.; (e) To Hon. Morris Sheppard, Chairman, Senate Committee on Military Affairs, Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C. 74th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 3309 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES MAY 13 (calendar day, July 24), 1935 Mr. NYE introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs 74th CONGRESS 1st Session H.R. 8950 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JULY 24, 1935 Mr. Kvale introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs and ordered to be printed A Bill To amend the Act of June 4, 1920, entitled "An Act to amend an Act entitled 'An Act for making further and more effectual provision for the national defense, and for other purposes', approved June 3, 1916, and to establish military justice", to limit its application in the case of civil educational institutions to those offering elective courses in military training.* 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That section 40 of the Act entitled "An Act for making 4 further and more effectual provisions for the national defense, 5 and for other purposes", approved June 3, 1916 (39 Stat. 6 L. 166), as amended by the Act entitled "An Act to amend 7 an Act entitled "An Act for making further and more effect- 8 ual provisions for the national defense, and for other pur- *Underlining supplied. 2 1 poses', approved June 3, 1916, and to establish military 2 justice", approved June 4, 1920 (41 Stat. L. 759), is 3 hereby amended by adding after the words "at any insti- 4 tution" the words "until such institution shall have satis- 5 fied the Secretary of War that enrollment in such unit 6 (except in case of essentially military schools) is elective 7 and not compulsory, nor"; and is hereby further amended 8 by striking out the words "or compulsory" immediately 9 following the word "elective" so that henceforth the section 10 shall read as follows: * 11 "Sec. 40. RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS- 12 ORGANIZATION. -- The President is hereby authorized to es- 13 tablish and maintain in civil educational institutions a Re- 14 serve Officers' Training Corps, one or more units in number, 15 which shall consist of a senior division organized at univer- 16 sities and colleges granting degrees, including State 17 universities and those State institutions that are required to 18 provide instruction in military tactics under the Act of Con- 19 gress of July 2, 1862, donating lands for the establishment 20 of colleges where the leading object shall be practical instruc- 21 tion in agriculture and the mechanic arts, including military 22 tactics, and at those essentially military schools not con- 23 ferring academic degrees, specially designate by the Sec- 24 retary of War as qualified, and a junior division organized 25 at all other public and private educational institutions, and *Underlining supplied. 3 1 each division consists of units of several arms, corps, 2 or services in such number and such strength as the President 3 may prescribe: Provided, That no such unit shall be 4 established or maintained at any institution until such 5 institution shall have satisfied the Secretary of War that 6 enrollment in such unit (except in the case of essential military 7 schools) is elective and not compulsory, nor* until an officer 8 of the Regular Army shall have been detailed as professor 9 of military science and tactics, nor until such institution 10 shall maintain under military instruction at least one hundred 11 physically fit male students, except that in the case of units 12 other than infantry, cavalry, or artillery the minimum number 13 shall be fifty: Provided further, That except at State 14 institutions described in this section no unit shall be established 15 or maintained in an educational institution until the 16 authorities of the same agree to establish and maintain a 17 two-years' elective** course of military training a s a minimum 18 for its physically fit male students, which of course, when 19 entered upon by any student, shall, as regards such student, 20 be a prerequisite for graduation, unless he is relieved of this 21 obligation by regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of 22 War. _____ * The underlined words would be inserted and made law by the passage of the Nye-Kvale amendment. ** At this point the two words "or compulsory" would be deleted from the law as it now reads by the passage of the Nye-Kvale amendment. Tribute to Rose Dabney Forbes Rev Vivian Pomeroy It must seem, to all who knew her well or who were at any time touched by her kindness, a most proper and lovely fact that Rose Dabney Forbes slipped the last tie of her earthly life on the very Eve of Easter. For none of us can forget how surely and beautifully her spirit took material things and transformed them into shining joys for others to behold and share. Ralph Waldo Emerson, in writing about Manners in general and Hospitality in particular, remarked: "Everybody we know surrounds himself with a fine house, fine books, conservatory, gardens, carriage and horses, and all manner of toys, as screens to interpose between himself and his guests." But this friend of ours, although a woman of wealth, never allowed her possessions and circumstances to become such a defensive screen and parsimonious shelter. And some words of Christ himself spring to one's mind to describe the constant spirit of her life: Freely she had received and freely did she give. It has become in some circles a peculiarly modern trick to hold a grudge xxxxx against one's immediate forbears for having done so much to weaken one's character. But from sources deeper than mere family pride, Rose Forbes gave evidence of how much happy strength she owed to those who, visibly or invisibly, stood around her on the shores of her childhood. It was without doubt on those island shores that she caught a willingness for disinterested public service, and the sense that all privilege carries with it responsibility; and to this excellent tradition she added through the years her own special graces. One advisedly says graces; for, although she stood firm upon certain convictions, she never became rigid and harsh. Although she marched forth from her private gates into movements of public endeavor and strove dauntlessly on their behalf, she never lost her gentleness -2- of heart upon that open field. So it was that in espousing good causes she never became even a little grim, as those attached to good causes sometimes are; and in her passionate devotion to the hope of enduring international peace she never spread the contentious mood which marks much of the effort to abolish war; and although she often gathered groups of people, remarkably mixed groups they usually were, for some public occasion which commanded her interest, she never let her guests feel that they were being exploited. With the utmost sincerity and quiet skill she showed delight in them as individuals, and made everybody sure that personal friendship was at the bottom of the whole affair. It was a most charming gift of disposition, and she added it to everything else she generously bestowed - whether it was a blossom plucked by her own hand and sent to your door, or a ticket to a concert, or a seat in her car - that car which often was so miscellaneously occupied that it might have been mistaken for a public vehicle of the Town. So many people are kind; but not all of xx them know how to be kind. She know how; and her kindness was an unforced, instinctive art and one surmises that it sprang from the depths of her religious life. When we recall our reasons for any great esteem of a person we have known, it is often some gay little thing that comes to mind. I may be permitted to mention a recurring scene which I frequently witnessed and sometimes in company with a woman whose description of it is in some such words as these. It makes a[p] picture-which not a few will love best. In her house on Naushon Island, Rose Forbes usually reached the music room each morning before anybody else had come down; and, seating herself at the piano, she deftly played bits of Chopin, Schubert or Beethoven; or perhaps, at the eager request of a first comer, some Portuguese songs and dances, unforgotten since her early years in the Azores. It was her call to the waiting breakfast; and as she played, she could see every person entering the room, and without any interruption of the music, she would -3- greet everyone with her bright smile. And today, when we are not so much grieving because she has gone as we are grateful because among us she has dwelt, we may believe - for it is not more beautiful than the Holy Truth - that in the Eternal Morning her soul has been greeted with the sound of great music. Memorial Service, April 9, 1947 St. Michael's Church, Milton WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY JANE ADDAMS, PRESIDENT AN EMERGENCY FUND OF $15,000 is needed to further the Movement I hereby pledge $____________to be paid on _______________ Name_____________________________________________ Address___________________________________________ Make checks payable to MRS. MALCOM FORBES, 280 ADAMS STREET, MILTON, MASS. 34 Application for Membership in the Woman's Peace Party I herewith enroll as a member of the WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY, and {enclose my dues for 1915. {will send} I also {enclose $............................... as a donation {will send} toward furthering the movement. Checks should be made payable to Mrs. J. MALCOLM FORBES, All communications should be sent to Mrs. ELIZABETH GLENDOWER EVANS, 12 Otis Place, Boston 38 The Massachusetts Branch of the Woman's Peace Party Gratefully acknowledges Mrs W. L. Garrison Jr's [membership fee] Luncheon ticket - Margaret M. James, Corresponding Secretary, 12 Otis Place, Boston, Mass. 38 WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY WE, WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES, assembled in behalf of World Peace, grateful for the security of our own country, but sorrowing for the misery of all involved in the present struggle among warring nations, do hereby band ourselves together to demand that war should be abolished. Equally with men pacifists, we understand that planned-for, legalized, wholesale, human slaughter is today the sum of all villainies. As women, we feel a peculiar moral passion of revolt against both the cruelty and the waste of war. As women, we are especially the custodians of the life of the ages. We will not longer consent to its reckless destruction. As women, we are particularly charged with the future of childhood and with the care of the helpless and the unfortunate. We will not longer accept without protest that added burden of maimed and invalid men and poverty stricken widows and orphans with war places upon us. As women, we have builded by the patient drudgery of the past the basic foundation of the home and of peaceful industry. We will not longer endure without a protest which must be heard and heeded by men that hoary evil which in an hour destroys the social structure that centuries of toil have reared. As women, we are called upon to start each generation onward toward a better humanity. We will not longer tolerate without determined opposition that denial of the sovereignty of reason and justice by which war and all that makes for war today renders impotent the idealism of the race. Therefore, as human beings and the mother half of humanity, we demand that our right to be considered in the settlement of questions concerning not alone the life of individuals but of nations be recognized and respected. We demand that women be given a share in deciding between war and peace in all the courts of high debat ; within the home, the school, the church, the industrial order, and the State. So protesting, and so demanding, we hereby form ourselves into a national organization to be called the WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY We hereby adopt the following as our platform of principles, some of the items of which have been accepted by a majority vote, and more of which have been the unanimous choice of those attending the conference which initiated the formation of this organization. We have sunk all differences of opinion on minor matters and given freedom platform and in our statement of explanation and information in a common desire to make our woman's protest against war and all that makes for war vocal, commanding and effective. We welcome to our membership all who are in substantial sympathy with that fundamental purpose of our organization whether or not they can accept in full our detailed statement of principles. PLATFORM THE PURPOSE of this Organization is to enlist all American women in arousing the nation to respect the sacredness of human life and to abolish war. The following is adopted as our platform : 1. The immediate calling of a convention of neutral nations in the interest of early peace. 2. Limitation of armaments and the nationalization of their manu- facture. 3. Organized opposition to militarism in our own country. 4. Education of youth in the ideals of peace. 5. Democratic control of foreign policies. 6. The further humanizing of governments by the extension of the franchise to women. 7. "Concert of Nations" to supersede "Balance of Power." 8. Action toward the gradual organization of the world to substitute Law for War. 9. The substitution of an international police for rival armies and navies. 10. Removal of the economic causes of war. 11. The appointment by our Government of a commission of men and women, with an adequate appropriation, to promote international peace. The Conference Further Adopted the Following Resolution : Resolved : That we denounce with all the earnestness of which we are capable the concerted attempt now being made to force this country into still further preparedness for war. We desire to make a solemn appeal to the higher attributes of our common humanity to help us unmask this menace to our civilization. OFFICERS Chairman, Jane Addams, Hull House, Chicago. Honorary Chairman, Carrie Chapman Catt. Vice Chairmen, Anna Garlin Spencer, Meadville, Pa. Mrs. Henry D. Villard, New York City. Mrs. Louis F. Post, Washington, D.C. Mrs. John Jay White, Washington, D. C Temporary headquarters, Hull House, Chicago Until the appointment of a Treasurer, money may be sent to Juliet Barrett Rublee, 1105 Sixteenth Street, Washington, D.C. Massachusetts Branch of the Woman's Peace Party Mrs. J. MALCOLM FOBRES, Chairman and Acting Treasurer Mrs. ELIZABETH GLENDOWER EVANS, Secretary, Telephone 1175 Haymarket 12 Otis Place, Boston A person who signs the membership blank below, and pays $1.00 or more, is thereby enrolled as a member of the Massachusetts Branch of the Woman's Peace Party and also the National Organization, with Headquarters, 116 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago. JANE ADAMS, Chairman. Mrs. WM. I. THOMAS, Executive Secretary. Application for Membership in the Woman's Peace Party I herewith enroll as a member of the WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY, and {enclose will send} my dues for 1915 I also {enclose will send} $.................................as a donation toward furthering the movement. Checks should be made payable to Mrs. J. MALCOLM FORBES, All communications should be sent to Mrs. ELIZABETH GLENDOWER EVANS, 12 Otis Place, Boston 38 RULES GOVERNING THE ORGANIZATION The name shall be Woman's Peace Party. The officers shall be a Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer and four Vice Chairmen, who together shall form an Executive Council. A Cooperating Council shall be appointed by the Executive Council. Chairmen of. States shall be appointed by the Executive Council, and these in turn shall appoint Chairmen of their respective Congressional Districts. 1. Local groups wherever they can be organized, each to pay $5 annually into the National Treasury. 2. Sustaining Members, who shall individually pay $1 annually into the National Treasury. Application Blank I hereby apply for membership in the Woman's Peace Party for {myself this organization} as a {sustaining local group} member and enclose $......................................... for my Dues. Name................................................................................................ Address............................................................................. ............................................................................. Until the appointment of a Treasurer, dues and contributions may be sent to Juliet Barrett Rublee, 105 Sixteenth Street, Washington, D.C. WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY PREAMBLE AND PLATFORM ADOPTED AT WASHINGTON, JANUARY 10, 1915 WE, WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES, assembled in behalf of the World Peace, grateful for the security of our own country, but sorrowing for the misery of all involved in the present struggle among warring nations, do hereby band ourselves together to demand that war be abolished. Equally with men pacifists, we understand that planned- for, legalized, wholesale, human slaughter is today the sum of all villainies. As women, we feel a peculiar moral passion of revolt against both the cruelty and waste of war. As women. we are especially the custodians of the life of the ages. We will not longer consent to its reckless destruction. As women, we are particularly charged with the future of childhood and with the care of the helpless and the unfortunate. We will no longer endure without protest that added burden of maimed and invalid men and poverty stricken widows and orphans which war places upon us. As women, we have builded by the patient drudgery of the past the basic foundation of the home and of peaceful industry. We will not longer endure without a protest that must be heard and heeded by men, that hoary evil which in an hour destroys the social structure that centuries of toil have reared. As women, we are called upon to start each generation onward toward a better humanity. We will not longer tolerate without determined opposition that denial of the sovereignty of reason and justice by which war and all that makes for war today render impotent the idealism of the race. Therefore, as human beings and the mother of half of humanity, we demand that our right to be consulted in the settlement of questions concerning not alone the life of individuals but of nations be recognized and respected. We demand that women be given a share in deciding between war and peace in all the courts of high debate-within the home, the school, the church, the industrial order, and the state. So protesting, and so demanding, we hereby form ourselves into a national organization to be called the Woman's Peace Party. We hereby adopt the following as our platform of principles, some of the items of which have been accepted by a majority vote, and more of which have been the unanimous choice of those attending the conference that initiated the formation of this organization. We have sunk all differences of opinion on minor matters and given freedom of expression to a wide divergence of opinion in the details of our platform and in our statement of explanation and information, in a common desire to make our woman's protest against war and all that makes for war, vocal, commanding, and effective. We welcome to our membership all who are in substantial sympathy with that fundamental purpose of our organization, whether or not they can accept in full our detailed statement of principles. THE PURPOSE of this Organization is to enlist all American women in arousing the nations to respect the sacredness of human life and to abolish war. The following is adopted as our platform: 1. The immediate calling of a convention of neutral nations in the interest of early peace. 2. Limitation of armaments and nationalization of their manufacture. 3. Organized opposition to militarism in our own country. 4. Education of youth in the ideals of peace. 5. Democratic control of foreign policies. 6. The further humanizing of governments by the extension of the franchise to women. 7. "Concert of Nations" to supersede "Balance of Power." 8. Action toward the gradual organization of the world to substitute Law for War. 9. The substitution of an international police for rival armies and navies. 10. Removal of the economic causes of war. 11. The appointment by our Government of a commission of men and women, with an adequate appropriation, to promote peace. The Conference Further Adopted the Following Resolution: Resolved: That we denouce with all the earnestness of which we are capable the concerted attempt now being made to force this country into still further preparedness for war. We desire to make a solemn appeal to the higher attributes of our common humanity to help us unmask this menace to our civilization. NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS Room 500, 116 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago Chairman Jane Addams, Chicago Vice-Chairmen Anna Garlin Spencer, Meadville, Pa. Mrs. Henry Villard, New York City Mrs. Louis F. Post, Washington, D.C. Mrs. John Jay White, Washington, D.C. Secretary Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead, Boston, Mass. Executive Secretary Mrs. William I. Thomas, 116 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago Treasurer Miss Sophonisba P. Breckinridge, 116 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago National Organizer Mrs. Elizabeth Glendower Evans, 12 Otis Place, Boston, Mass. Honorary Members Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, of England Madame Rosika Schwimmer, of Hungary Co-operating Council Chairman, Carrie Chapman Catt, Pres., International Woman's Suffrage Alliance. Mrs. Kate Waller Barrett, Pres., National Council of Women Mrs. May Wright Sewall, Pres., Conference of Women, Panama-Pacific Expo. Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, Pres., National American Woman's Suffrage Assn. Mrs. Ellen Henrotin, Ex-Pres., General Federation of Women's Clubs. Miss Anna Gordon, Pres., National Christian Temperance Union. Mrs. Henry Solomon, Ex-Pres., National Council Jewish Women. Mrs. Raymond Robins, Pres., National Woman's Trade Union League. Mrs. Leonora Z. Meder, Vice-Pres., National Conference of Catholic Charities. Mrs. Henry B. Page, Pres., International Kindergarten Union. Miss Grace DeGraff, Pres., National League of Teachers. Mrs. Minnie E. Branstedter, Director of Women's Work, Nat'l Socialist Party. Mrs. Booker T. Washington, Pres., National Association of Colored Women. Miss Mary McDowell, Pres., National Federation of Settlements. Mrs. William Cummings Story, Pres., National Society Daughters of the American Revolution. Mrs. Belle Van Doren Harbert, Pres., International Congress of Farm Women. Other names and organizations to be added. -2- The Woman's Peace Party Adopted at Washingtion, D.C., January 10, 1915, the following statement, believing that such principles must find acceptance among peoples and governments to ensure the future peace of the world, and to this end recommends a nation-wide discussion of them. PROGRAM FOR CONSTRUCTIVE PEACE I. TO SECURE THE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES: 1. We urge our government to call a conference of representative delegates from the neutral nations to discuss possible measures to lessen their own injuries, to hasten the cessation of hostilities, and to prevent warfare in the future. 2. In case an official conference of the kind named above proves impossible or impracticable, we pledge ourselves to work toward the summoning of an unofficial conference of the pacifists of the world to consider points named. II. TO INSURE SUCH TERMS OF SETTLEMENT AS WILL PREVENT THIS WAR FROM BEING BUT THE PRELUDE TO NEW WARS: 1. No province should be transferred as a result of conquest from one government to another against the will of the people. Whenever possible, the desire of a province for autonomy should be respected. 2. No war indemnities should be assessed save when recognized international law has been violated. 3. No treaty alliance or other international arrangement should be entered upon by any nation unless ratified by the representatives of the people. Adequate measures for assuring democratic control of foreign policy should be adopted by all nations. III. TO PLACE THE FUTURE PEACE OF THE WORLD UPON SECURER FOUNDATIONS: 1. Foreign policies of nations should not be aimed at creating alliances for the purpose of maintaining the "balance of power", but should be directed to the establishment of a "Concert of Nations", with (a) A court or courts, for the settlement of all disputes between nations; (b) An international congress, with legislative and administrative powers over international affairs, and with permanent committees in place of present secret diplomacy; (c) An international police force. 2. As an immediate step in this direction, a permanent League of Neurtal Nations ("League of Peace") should be formed, whose members should bind themselves to settle all difficulties arising between them by arbitration, judicial, or legislative procedure, and who should create an international police force for mutual protection against attack. 3. National disarmament should be effected in the following manner: It should be contingent upon the adoption of this peace program by a sufficient number of nations, or by nations of sufficient power to insure protection to those disarmed. It should be graduated in each nation to the degree of disarmament effected in the other nations, and progressively reduced until finally completed. 4. Pending general disarmament, all manufactories of arms, ammunitions and munitions for use in war should hereafter be national property. 5. the protection of private property at sea, of neutral commerce and of communications should be secured by the neutralization of the seas and of such maritime trade routes as the British Channel, Dardanelles, Panama, Suez, the Straits of Gibraltar, etc. 6. National and international action should be secured to remove the economic causes of war. 7. The democracies of the world should be extended and reinforced by general application of the principle of self-government, including the extension of suffrage to women. IV. IMMEDIATE NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1. We approve the Peace Commission Treaties which our country has negotiated with thirty nations, stipulating delay and investigation for the period of a year before any declaration of war can take place. We express the hope that all other countries will be included. 2. We protest against the increase of armaments by the United States. We insist that the increase of the army and navy at this time, so far from being in the interested of peace, is a direct threat to the wellbeing of other nations with whom we have dealings, an imputation of doubt of their good faith, and calculated to compel them in turn to increase their armies, and in consequence to involve us in an ever-intensifying race for military supremacy. 3. We recommed to the President and Government of the United States that a commission of men and women be created, with an adequate appropriation, whose duty shall be to work for the prevention of war and the formulation of the most compelling and practical methods of world organization. SUGGESTIONS FOR 1915 REMEMBER that one dollar spent now in constructive measures for peace may save one million dollars in future armaments. That it is the duty of all persons to help create sane public sentiment as to methods which will ensure permanent peace. That this year, 1915, may decide whether the whole world starts on the path toward peace and progress through world organization, or toward bankruptcy and decay. FOR MEMBERS OF WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS 1. Apply for a leaflet which states principles of the Woman's Peace Party and ask your organization to join it as a local group. 2. Apply for pamphlet entitled "Club Women and the Peace Movement," approved by the General Federation of Women's Clubs, and ask your members to carry out its suggestions. 3. Plan your next year's program to include a course in the study of War and Peace. Read "Outlines of Lessons" issued by the World's Peace Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston. Devote some time of each meeting of this year to discussion constructive measures for permanent peace. Enlist all persons in some peace organizations and welcome all women who are "in substantial sympathy with its main purposes" into the Woman's Peace Party. FOR TEACHERS 1. Join your state branch of the American School Peace League, Mrs. Fannie Fern Andrews, Secretary, 405 Marlborough Street, Boston. Send for its annual report, and buy its recent valuable pamphlet entitled "The War: What Should Be Said About It in the Schools." ($3 a hundred; 5¢ a copy,) 2. Teach geography and literature so as to show the new interdependence of nations. Teach history and patriotism so as to show that a nation's chief dangers are from within, and that women, as much as men, are defenders against its real enemies. Point out or safety because of our undefended Canadian border; that our United States, with its Federal Congress and Supreme Court, may show the way to peace between nations by their federation with an international court, an international legislative body, and an international police to replace rival armies and navies. 3. Write on the walls of every school-room, "About all Nations is humanity." FOR SUNDAY SCHOOLS Plan adult Bible classes for series of lessons. Send to the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, 105 East 22nd Street, for pamphlet on International Peace-an outline in 12 lessons. FOR ORGANIZERS OF PEACE MEETINGS. a. Present the preamble, platform and resolution of Woman's Peace Party and selections from publications issued from headquarters. b. Discuss significance and cost of this war stated in terms of national expenditures, (Uncle Same pays $2 out of every $3 for Past and Furture War), loss of life, effects on women and children, and on unborn posterity; popular fallacies that led to the rivalries and huge armaments which largely bred this war. c. Discuss platform and statement of Women's Peace Party adopted at Washington. Ask audiences to endorse measures pending in Congress, e.g., the Crosser Bill for Nationalization of Armaments, and the Hobson Bill for a Peace Commission. Distribute at meetings petitions to be signed and mailed separately to congressmen, protesting against present increase in our naval program. These petitions will be sent free on application to headquarters. d. Offer for sale at meetings large envelopes of effective leaflets provided by the World's Peace Foundation at ten cents per package. Literature, often free of charge, may be obtained from local branches of The American Peace Society, or from the following national organizations: American School Peace League, Mrs. Fannie Fern Andrews, Secretary, 405 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass. Church Peace Union, Mr. Fredrick Lynch, Secretary, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York. World's Peace Foundation, Mr. Edwin D. Mead, Director, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Mass. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Dr. James Scott Brown, Secretary, 2 Jackson Place, Washington, D.C. American Peace Society, Mr. Arthur D. Call, Secretary, 612 Colorado Bldg., Washington, D.C. Association for International Conciliation, Mr. F. P. Keppel, Secretary, 407 W. 117th Street, New York. "FIRST READINGS' RECOMMENDED BY THE WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY PAMPHLETS 1. A large envelope containing Primer of the Peace Movement and timely pamphlets and leaflets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 2. "The Nemesis of Armaments," by Dr. Chas. E. Jefferson. . . . . . . . . . . . . Free 3. "Woman and War," Edwin D. Mead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . per hundred $3.00 4. "Outline of Lessons on War and Peace," Lucia Ames Mead. (Apply for above to World Peace Foundation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 5. "Three Men Behind the Guns," Dr. Chas E. Jefferson. (Association for International Conciliation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Free 6. "The War and the Way Out" ( Atlantic Monthly. December, 1914) G. Lowes Dickenson. (Association for Int. Conciliation) ......... .10 BOOKS 1. "The Blood of the Nation." Dr. David Starr Jordan. ... .15 2. "The Moral Damage of War." Walter Walsh. The World Peace Foundation .. ... .90 3. "The Friendship of the Nations," profusely illustrated for young people. Ginn & Co. . .. . . .75 4. "Swords and Ploughshares." (Illus.) Lucia Ames Mead. (A gen- eral survey for the average reader) . ........ .85 5. "The Great Illusion." Normal Angell. (Translated into over twenty languages; a powerful economic argument) . . .. .. $1.00 MONTHLY PERIODICALS "The Advocate of Peace." Colorado Building, Washington, D. C. ... $1.00 "War and Peace." (The organ of Normal Angell and his associates, 29 Charing Cross, London, S. W.) ..... 1.00 MASSACHUSETTS BRANCH OF WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY MRS. J. MALCOLM FORBES, Chairman MRS. J. PENNINGTON GARDINER, Treasurer MRS. ELIZABETH GLENDOWER EVANS, Executive Secretary TEMPORARY HEADQUARTERS Telephone : 1175 Haymarket 12 Otis Place, Boston MEMBERS A person who signs the membership blank below and pays $1.00 or more, is thereby enrolled as a member of the Massachusetts Branch of the Woman's Peace Party, and of the National Organization, of which Jane Addams is chairman. POPULAR MEMBERSHIP A person who joins a League with popular membership dues of less than $1.00 is thereby affiliated with the State and the National Organization. GROUP MEMBERSHIP A Group which pays $5.00 annually affiliates its members both with the State and the National Organization. APPORTIONMENT OF DUES Dues of members are used for State activities. Popular membership dues may be used for State or for league purposes, according to arrangements between the State chairman and the chairman of the Congressional district in which the dues are collected. Group membership dues are used for national purposes. But they should be paid to the State Treasurer, by whom they will be sent to the National Treasurer. Donations may be given according to the option of the donor for National or State purposes. Donations sent without instructions will be used for State purposes. Application for Membership in the Woman's Peace Party I herewith enroll as a member of the WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY and enclose will send my dues of $1.00. I also enclose will send $. . .. ..... as a donation for (National Purposes State Purposes Name. . . .. . Street Address. . . City . . . Checks should be made payable to MRS. J. PENNINGTON GARDINER, Treasurer. All communications should be sent to MRS. ELIZABETH GLENDOWER EVANS, Ex. Sec'y, 12 Otis Place, Boston. The Woman's Peace Party LISTS FOR DISTRIBUTION Prepared by the committee for the Encouragement of Artists, Musicians and Writers to Production Promoting Peace "And shall ye reign O kings, O strong men? Nay! Waste where ye will and gather where ye may Yet one thing is there which ye cannot slay, Even Thought, that fire nor iron can fight." — Swinburne NOVELS AND STORIES Lay Down Your Arms....................Baroness Von Suttner War....................W. Douglas Newton The White Crown....................Herbert Ward (Appeared in Century Magazine, August, 1891) POEMS Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight....................Vachel Lindsay Statue of Peace....................Katrina Trask A Vision of Peace....................Howard V. Sutherland (Appeared in the "Butterfly", December, 1914) Peace....................J. Q. C. Clark (New York Times) The Arsenal at Springfield....................Longfellow Disarmament....................Whittier The Bravest Battle....................Joaquin Miller The Battle of Shenandoah....................Joaquin Miller The Battle of the East and West....................Elizabeth B. Browning The Wine Press....................Alfred Noyes (Separate publication) When Some Fellow's Daddy Kills Some Fellow's Dad....................T. M. Gray (From Boy's Life) Poems....................Percy Mackaye The Illusions of War....................Richard le Galienne "Die Flöte" (The Flute), A touching incident from the trenches....................Franz K. Ginzkey (Jugend No. 5, 1915) The Cherry Festival of Naumburg....................(A ballad founded on fact) Prayer in Time of War....................Alfred Noyes Harvest Moon....................Josephine Preston Peabody Parting Lovers....................Elizabeth Barett Browning Mother and Poet....................Elizabeth Barett Browning Italy and the World....................Elizabeth Barett Browning Killed at the Ford....................Longfellow To Arms....................Florence Holbrook Poem....................Clinton Scollard The Mother's Cry........................................Anne Throop Craig From "Poetry," November, 1914 The Metal Checks....................Louise Driscoll The Chant of The Shroud Maker....................Marion Ramie If War is Right...............……......Parke Farley The Hero …………………...John Russell McCarthy The Bombardment....................Amy Lowell The Camp Follower....................Maxwell Bodenheim Among the Red Guns....................Carl Sandburg Fallen....................Alice Corbin Whence Comes the Stranger....................Joseph Campbell Phases....................Wallace Stephens Unser Gott....................Karl Wilson Baker The Wakened God....................Margaret Widdemer The War Yawp....................Richard Aldington The Willow Tree....................Martin Schutze (Written for an old Ruthenian Melody) Across the Border....................Clinton Scollard Christmas, 1914....................Harriet Monroe DRAMA Rada...….Alfred Noyes The Trojan Women...….Euripides The Unseen Empire...….Atherton Brownell War Brides...….Marion Craig Wentworth In the Vanguard...….Katrina Trask Arms and the Man...….Bernard Shaw Across the Border...….Beulah Marie Dix The War God...….Israel Zangwill The Terrible Meek...….Charles Rann Kennedy PAGEANTS A Peace Pageant for Children and Young People, by Cora Neel Patton and Elina C. Ehrlich. Especially recommended for its educational value to those taking part. Copies may be procured from Headquarters. Single copies, 25c; fifty or more, 15c. Suggestions and Bibliography for Peace Day Program, arranged for schools, by Florence Holbrook. MUSIC Songs The Angel of Peace...….Oliver Wendell Holmes A Hymn of Peace (S. S. Song)……..Althea Ogden The March of Peace...….Dora Wells The Five Souls...….Ewer (Music from Beethoven's 7th Symphony, published by Summy Co., Chicago. Can be had from the W. P. P., 27c postpaid.) Gebet (De Nobis Pacem Dominie). Chorus and Orchestra..........Mendelssohn Liberty for All. A Chorus..........Bartsch (Published by N. Y. Schirmer) Peace and Progress..........Robert Henriques (International Peace Song, Adopted by the Universal Peace Union in Copenhagen) Disarm--The World's Peace Song..........Hezekiah Butterworth (Published by the Emerson Union, 3 Tolman Place, Roxbury, Mass.) Chor der Friedensboten (aus Rienzi)..........Wagner Bundeslied--A Chorus..........Mozart Pax Vobiscum..........Schubert Cantata der Glorreische Augen Blick, Op. 136..........Beethoven So Last uns Frieden Schliessen, liebes Leben..........Hugo Wolfe Peace within the Grave..........Auber Fiat Justitia--International Hymn..........Wilbur (Published by Oliver Ditson Co.) Peace on Earth..........E. B. Stewart Administration of Peace..........C. A. B. Wheeler A Choral Prayer for Peace..........Musical Monitor The Willow Tree--Old Folk Songs of Europe..........Martin Schutze PICTURES AND STATUES Der Krieg..........Franz Stuck Der Tot..........Bocklin Der Tot als Sieger..........Bethel Totutanz..........Bethel Die Ver Apokalytischen Reiter..........Durer Die Ver Apokalytischen Reiter..........Cornelius Peace..........Puvis de Cherannes Peace--Relief..........C. H. Haag Swords Into Plowshares (Statue in Metropolitan Museum, N. Y.).....Jules Butensky Those Who Make War (Illustration)..........Angus McDonall CARTOONS "The Changing Attitude Toward War." A collection of press cartoons. American Association for International Conciliation. PRODUCED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE WOMAN'S PEACE PARTY "The Trojan Women," presented by the Chicago Little Theater Company. Arrangements made for productions for clubs and colleges. "Lay Down Your Arms," dramatized from the novel by the Baroness von Suttner for the Great Northern Film Company, will be put on program of moving picture shows on request. "The Five Souls," by Ewer, as sung by the Fuller Sisters of Dorsetshire, England, to the Allegretto of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony. Published by Summy Co., Chicago. Can be ordered through National Headquarters. Arrangements can be made for the production of "The Trojan Women," and conditions of presentation for "Lay Down Your Arms" through the National Headquarters of the Woman's Peace Party. READING--SCIENTIFIC AND GENERAL BOOKS The Future of World Peace........ Roger Babson (Published by Babson Statistical Bureau) The Blood of the Nation..........Dr. David Starr Jordan The Moral Damage of War..........Walter Walsh (The World Peace Foundation) The Friendship of Nations..........Lucile Gulliver (Profusely illustrated for young people. Ginn & Company) Swords and Ploughshares (illustrated)..........Lucia Ames Mead (A general survey for the average reader) The Great Illusion..........Norman Angell (Translated into over twenty languages; a powerful economic argument" War and Capitalism..........Kropotkin An Open Letter to the Nations with Regard to Peace Plan..........James Howard Kehler (Published by Mitchell Kennerly) Newer Ideals of Peace..........Jane Addams A Prayer, in Vol. IV. (autobiography of)..........Mark Twain PAMPHLETS AND LEAFLETS The Nemesis of Armaments..........Dr. Charles E. Jefferson Woman and War..........Edwin D. Mead Outline of Lessons on War and Peace..........Lucia Ames Mead (Apply to above for World Peace Foundation) Three Men Behind the Guns ............Dr. Chas. E. Jefferson (Association for International Conciliation) The War and the Way Out..........G. Lowes Dickerson (Association for International Conciliation) (Atlantic Monthly, December, 1914) An Open Letter to the Nations with Regard to the Peace Plan..........James H. Kehler (Published by Mitchell Kennerly) Peace Thoughts from Switzerland..........Sara Mackenzie Kennedy (Peace Lit. Society, 102 Barry Road, East Dulwich, S. E.) All is Fair in Love and War?..........By a Lover (140 Bishopgate, London, E. C.) A Group of Letters from Women of the Warring Nations. (Reprinted by the Woman's Peace Party) Wanted--Aggressive Pacificism..........Louis P. Lochner READERS Miss Mollie Best ("First and Last a Social Philosopher." Boston Transcript.) Monologues: "Mrs. Tubbins on World Politics." "Three Soldiers." Remarks on War and Peace, by Miss Best. (For Peace meetings and organizations) The Fuller Sisters, from Dorsetshire, England Program of War and Peace songs, including "The Five Souls." Mrs. Bertha Kunz Baker "The Unseen Empire." (Mrs. Baker will organize for Peace Party in connection with readings.) Mrs. Katharine Jewell Everts Will read "War Brides," Galsworthy's "Mob," and other plays and poems for the benefit of Peace Party organization meetings. Miss Angela Morgan Two Talks for 1915: "The Poetry of the War," "Woman and War," Also, readings from her own book of poems, "The Hour Has Struck." Mabelle Church (Mrs. E. A. Van Alstyne) Will read Peace Plays and poems as suggested. Mrs. A. B. Everett Will read dramas as requested. READERS--Continued Mrs. Florence Kiper Frank Peace readings. Miss Zona Gale Speaker and Organizer for the Woman's Peace Party. Miss Ella J. Abeel Across the Border....................................Beulah Dix Miss Cora Mel Patten Reader and director of pageants. Mrs. Anne Throop Craig Author and organizer of pageants. Mr. Maurice Kuhns The Wine Press.......................................Alfred Noyes Peace..........................................................Adapted from Aristophanes by Mr. Kuhns READINGS--Scientific and General Magazines and Press Articles The Freedom of Will and War....................................Prof. Jacques Loeb The New Review, November, 1914 Whom the Gods Would Destroy........................................Hamilton Holt The Independent, August 10, 1914 The High Duty of the United States......................................Hamilton Holt The Independent, August 10, 1914 The Last Phase of the Great War..........................................Ray Stannard Baker American Magazine, January, 1915 War in the Trenches..........................................Phil Rader United Press (Incident of Christmas Truce) Article by Charles Edward Russell The Atlantic Monthly, March, 1915 How the War Affects Me--Three Letters American Magazine, March, 1915 Culture, Ethics and the War...........................................Joseph Alexander Leighton The Forum, March, 1915 Why Should I Slay My Brother? ) Dreams in the Trenches ) Literary Digest, March 20 Perplexed Patriotism ) Article.........................................................Paul A. LeVerne The Call, March 7 War and Social Reconstruction--title of Survey for March 6, in which the following are printed: Foreword...................................................Jane Addams Psychological Bases of Internationalism........................................George H. Mead Racial Contacts and Cohesions............................................Emily Green Balch Economic Zones and the New Alignment of National Sentiment.......................Simon N. Patten Reservoirs of Strife...........................................Frederic C. Howe Constructive Mediation............................................George W. Nasmyth Chart: Ten Constructive Peace Programs Permanent Peace..........................................August Schwan The Five Souls..............................................W. N. Ewer Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight..........................Vachel Lindsay The Poetry of War........................Harriet Monroe (From Poetry) MONTHLY PERIODICALS The Advocate of Peace..................................Colorado Building, Washington, D. C. War and Peace (the organ of Norman Angell and his associates)..................29 Charing Cross, London, S. W. The Survey (Peace Number), March 6, 1915 Poetry--War Poems, November, 1914 The New Review, February, 1915, containing articles: "How to End War" Revolution Against Militarism Anti-nationalism Disarmament Against a "Citizen Army" THE PEACE MOVEMENT AND SOME MISCONCEPTIONS BY MRS. J. MALCOLM FORBES THE PEACE MOVEMENT AND SOME MISCONCEPTIONS* It is a satisfaction to be asked to speak to you of the Cause which I believe the most far-reaching of our generation. I know it is as yet an unpopular Cause, but this is because of misconceptions. The ideas and ideals of Peace workers are not yet generally understood, and it is occasions such as this, where broad-minded persons come together for the purpose of looking into one another's aims and work, which are going to remove misunderstandings. I maintain that as fast as it is understood, the movement for the substitution of law for war will make adherents of every man and every woman in our land, and in all civilized lands. The chief reason for the widespread misapprehension of the Peach Movement has come, I believe, from the name "Peace." Truly a beautiful world, but not suitable for the title of a movement at once radical and bold, formed for the abolition of the war system. Had the men and women who, in the beginning of the last century, banded themselves together for the overthrow of slavery, called themselves by some title which had a like flavor of piety and finality, I believe that the Anti-Slavery Movement would have met with as many hindrances as has the Peace Movement. Largely because of the word "Peace," persons not yet in the Movement imagine that those who are working to bring about the new order are making use merely of appeals to sentiment, talking in gentle tones of how to bring in the millenium, and crying, Peace! Peace! whereas, the truth is that the war against war is and has long been an aggressive campaign of education, its *Address delivered at a meeting of the Executive Board of the National Civic Federation (New England Section), May 4, 1916. [1] teachings proclaimed in no mincing or uncertain tones. The Peace Movement is a determined onslaught on the old and barbarous system of war, and a persistent pointing of the way to constructive International relations. The Peace worker deals not in doves nor olive branches, He must summon all the clearness of thought and logic that he can command; and he must needs stand firm in his faith, heeding neither the ridicule nor the sneers of the unconverted. When a man new to the Movement hears the words, Peace Society, Peace Advocate and Pacifist, he not unnaturally associates the movement for which they stand, with passive and mild attributes; he thinks he would almost be ashamed to join a Peace Society, for he says he does "not believe that man is intended to live without fighting." Then the explanation has to be made that the "fighting" he means (healthy struggle and competition) is not synonymous with the killing of men. The Peace Movement is a battle. In the words of Phillips Brooks: "It is not that the power to fight has perished, it is that the battle has gone up on higher grounds." In addition to this fundamental misapprehension there is at present much misunderstanding because of the so-called "Preparedness" Movement, which is demanding the attention of every patriotic American. One hears statements implying that there are two antagonistic societies at work: the Preparedness Society on the one hand, and the Peace Society on the other. This is a misconception. It is true that nearly all Peace societies are opposed to colossal armament, believing that over-large armies and navies initiate war, and are opposed to legislation which subjugates civil to military interests, but the Peace Movement as a whole stands for adequate defense. There is certainly as great a difference of opinion as to what constitutes "adequate defense" found among Peace workers as among militarists- but no Peace worker thinks the millenium has come or that nations can yet disarm; on the other hand we maintain that there are many ways in which a nation may defend itself besides guns and dreadnoughts, and [2] that these newer ways make for a better and more permanent defense. Peace workers stand for a more comprehensive Preparedness than mere military efficiency: that Preparedness which subserves international interests, rather than national interests alone. I should like to read a few paragraphs from statements which were issued this winter by the Massachusetts Peace Society (to which belong many men and women of the State); and by the Massachusetts Branch of the Women's Peace Party, which is one of the strongest, although one of the newest of the Peace organizations. We call this Massachusetts Peace Society pamphlet, "Law Must Replace War." It reads partly as follows: "(1) MILITARISTS SAY that the Peace Movement is opposed to adequate national defense. The truth is that what we oppose is not national defense, but the international war system which makes military defense seem necessary. The Peace Movement has use for both those who advocate increased provision for national defense and those who believe that 'preparedness' invites war. (2) MILITARISTS SAY that the Peace Movement is unpatriotic. The truth that the Peace Movement expresses the highest type of patriotism,-that patriotism which sees that national welfare depends upon international concern. Its object is international justice in accordance with the principles of International law. (3) MILITARISTS SAY that the European war has proved the futility of the Peace Movement. The truth is that the developments of the past year have demonstrated the correctness of the position taken by the workers for peace. The terrible menace of militarism now stands revealed,-its ruthless destruction of the very things that civilization most cherishes. (4) MILITARISTS SAY that peace advocates want 'peace at any price.' That truth is that the peace we want is that based on [3] just and friendly international relations: it has no connection with that passive acceptance of injustice and tyranny which the phrase 'peace at any price' suggests. (5) MILITARISTS SAY that peace advocates are impractical and visionary sentimentalists. The truth is that the constructive program of the Peace Movement commands the active support of leading statesmen, eminent legal authorities, economists, business associations, labor organizations, and of many men and women noted for practical achievement." The other Statement reads as follows: "In view of the widespread misapprehension as to the principles held by the Woman's Peace Party, the Executive Committee of the Massachusetts Branch desires to issue a statement which we believe to be a correct interpretation of the platform of the Party in its application to present conditions. "The Woman's Peace Party was formed to protest against the war system and to work for the substitution of law for war. Peace at any price has no place in its platform, nor does it advocate non-resistance. Pending further steps to be taken jointly by the nations toward making world organization effective, we recognize that armies and navies must exist in the present state of international morality. But we believe that other and better means of preserving the vital interests of nations are already available. We emphasize the fact that there is more than one kind of defense. We thoroughly endorse plans for a League to insure Peace which provides drastic, concerted non-intercourse as a penalty for aggression by any nation, with action by an international police as a last resort. "We feel that the state of fear and suspicion now being fostered in our country by the propaganda conducted by some newspapers and magazines as well as by individual militarists, is to be deplored. We look with apprehension at the placing of men personally interested in the manufacture or sale of munitions of war on National Advisory Boards and Congressional Committees. There is a serious danger that our country may become committed to a policy of such increased war preparations as will overstep real necessity and may place us in the grip [4] of a situation from which later it will be extremely difficult to free ourselves. "No nation standing alone to-day can ever be sufficiently prepared to face a hostile coalition such as is possible in the modern world. Only in concerted action and cooperation can justice and security be attained. This war has demonstrated as never before the essential interdependence of nations. We can no longer, if we would, stand apart and work out our own salvation without reference to the interests and aspirations of other nations. Whatever policy is now adopted by this country as regards increase of armaments will compel other nations to follow its example. A grave responsibility is laid upon the people of the United States. "We are opposed to compulsory military training in schools, and to compulsory military service. These are wholly out of keeping with American traditions and ideals. "Concerning the vexed question of supplying munitions to belligerents by citizens of neutral nations, we feel that our government should take no action during the war. This and other matters should be considered after the cessation of hostilities in the reorganization of international law. "The Woman's Peace Party stands for International Justice which alone can secure permanent peace. It stands for those principles of democracy held by the founders of our Republic, and which to-day are imperilled. We urge all thoughtful, patriotic women to work with us." In the Massachusetts Branch of the Woman's Peace Party we are urging the Newer Preparedness, by which we mean such measures as promote justice between nations; measures that tend to reduce friction between nations; and measures which produce cooperation between nations. Among these measures of the Newer Preparedness are: (1) The League to Enforce Peace, which puts into concrete form that for which nearly all Peace societies and leaders have been striving for years. (2) The creation of an Oriental-American Commission, which shall study the complex and important questions at issue between Japan and China and the United [5] States and which shall from time to time make recommendations to the governments involved. (3) The passage of the law advocated by the American Bar Association, given federal control over aliens, in order to prevent local conditions in the several States from having undue influence in causing friction with other countries. (4) The development of the Monroe Doctrine into a Pan-American Doctrine. (5) Action to provide for the elimination of private profit from the manufacture of armament. This cannot be done till after this war, since international as well as national questions are involved. The Woman's Peace Party has urged upon Congress "That a joint committee be appointed to conduct thorough investigation, with public hearings, and report within the next six months upon the condition of our military and naval defences with special reference to the expenditure of past appropriations." We feel that it is both unbusinesslike and senseless to increase enormously - I do not say slightly, I say enormously - our present appropriations, until we have at least tried to patch the holes in the sieve through which a vast amount of the money contributed by our country for armaments is no running off. All persons inside and outside of the army and navy declare that only a portion of the money we yearly appropriate for defense goes where it should, and everyone knows that much of it goes into useless army posts and much of it into wretched and unnavigable naval basins. Shall we sit down and allow this waste to go on forever? We Peace workers say No! It is not in line with our careless and wasteful "Americanism" (not our ideal Americanism) to maintain this sieve, and to keep on calling for greater and greater sums for armaments? Is it not logical that we should see how far our appropriations, if properly administered, can make our present equipment efficient? Why do not our Preparedness friends - and they are and must be our friends - carry on a whirlwind campaign for stopping up this sieve, and for reducing the [6] "port barrel:? Most of the Preparedness propaganda which is now being carried on in our country is concentrating people's thoughts on our nation alone, on increasing our possessions and physical strength, with no thought for the welfare of other nations, or for the service which we can and should render to others. Is not this a narrow outlook? Let us, while we are putting our own house into better order, promote measures which will help and not hinder our neighbors. Let us remember that in this modern interdependence of nations, the welfare of each nation is bound up with the rest. Even from a purely selfish point of view, we shall be far less efficiently defended from future troubles if we are looking and laboring for our own interests only. We feel that the Newer Preparedness is a very much broader movement than the kind of Preparedness which is threatening to become a replica of what Germany has been urging on her people for the last forty years, and which has led to war. But it is not Germany alone who has been preparing for war, misnamed "Peace," by inoculating all her boys and med with th emilitaristic spirit. Let us keep our eyes open; let us keep our minds alert to recognize evil from good, that we may be able to pluck the tares from the wheat in this vital questions of Preparedness, Patriotism, and Americanism. Now for a bit of history: Although the Peace Movement in the last ten years has advanced by leaps and bounds, it has been marching forward, with few serious setbacks, since 1815, when the first societies in the world were organized. The first group was started in New York and is still working under its original name - The New York Peace Society. This year it is giving its whole strength to advancing the League to Enforce Peace. The Massachusetts Peace Society was organized in the same year by a group of men and women who met in the study of Dr. William Ellery Channing's church in Boston. Later it became the parent of over thirty State branches under the name of the American Peace [7] Society with headquarters in Washington, D.C. A new Massachusetts Peace Society was formed six years ago, and is already one of the most vigorous of the State branches. It has been fortunate in having as its Presidents, Mr. Samuel B. Capen, Mr. Samuel J. Elder, and Professor Bliss Perry, who is about to begin his second term of office. In the last one hundred years Peace Societies have multiplied enormously, not only here in America, but all over the world, so that there are now many hundreds of separate organizations with scores of branches. But the seed was sown hundreds of years ago, and in order really to understand it one should study this Movement as he would any other great human development; he must know its aims, history, and achievements. Long before there was any Peace organization, there were prophets who spoke of the vision which had come to them; and through these voices seemed to speak in the wilderness, the words they uttered did not fall on deaf ears. We find among early Greek writers some of the most powerful arraignments of war. Isaiah and Micah, with their glorious visions, were Peace prophets in Israel; and nineteen hundred years ago was born in Bethlehem the Prince of Peace, whose words are yet be little understood. During the first two centuries after Christ, his followers refused to flight at all; then the church temporarily yielded to love of pomp and power, war was apotheosized instead of condemned, and the vision of the faithful was dimmed. In the fourteenth century was born in a city of Coutances, Pierre Du Bois, who issued a plan for an international representative organization which, strange to say, was practically followed six hundred years later when the first Hague Conference met in 1899; though probably few individuals present had ever heard of this French lawyer. Among the thinkers who put forth plans for International Peace, was Henry IV of France, who wrote "The Great Design," which proposed European federation as the means to attain the end. [8] Not long after this, Hugo Grotius, Holland's revered scholar and benefactor, gave to the world "The Rights of War and Peace," of which our statements, Andrew D. White, wrote: "Of all works not claiming to be inspired, 'The Rights of War and Peace' has been proven the greatest blessing to humanity." In the seventeenth century George Fox with his followers in England endured beatings and persecutions for standing steadfast to their faith. They were called "Quakers" because they made enemies of Peace to quake by their burning words against war. In the same century William Penn for years kept peace with the American Indians, through putting into practice his theories of justice and cooperation. In 1693 he wrote "The Present and Future Peace of Europe," in which he advocated a Congress of nations and a league to Enforce Peace. Immanuel Kant, master mind of Germany, urged the organization of the world in his essay on "Eternal Peace," which was published at the very time that our Constitution made the American group of thirteen Federated States a world power. Kant insisted that World Peace could never be permanently attained until international organization was effected. In the years following our Declaration of Independence the prophets came in greater and greater numbers, both here and in Europe. The "Father of Our Country," soldier though he was, spoke against war in no uncertain terms, declaring: "My first wish is to see this plague to mankind (war) banished from the earth, and the sons and daughters of this world employed in more pleasing and innocent amusements than in preparing implements and exercising them for the destruction of mankind; to see the whole world in Peace, and the inhabitants of it as one band of brothers striving who should contribute most to the happiness of mankind. "I shall never so far divest myself of the feelings of a man interested in the happiness of his fellow-men as to wish my country's prosperity might be build on the ruins of that of others nations. Peace with all the world is my sincere wish. I am sure it is our true policy." [9] Then denunciations of the system followed from Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, Josiah Quincy, David Low Dodge, William Ladd, Eliu Burritt, Noah Worcester, Charles Sumner, William Ellery Channing, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William Lloyd Garrison, Edward Everett Hale, and many others. In Europe, Cobden, Bright and Victor Hugo were encourageous champions of the new ideals, as was also Gladson. Early in the nineteenth century was born Jean de Bloch, a Polish jew. He began life as a peddler, but later rose to power and fame, becoming a great administrator. Not only did he finance thousands of miles of railways, but he became an intermediary between the Czar's ministers and the power bankers of Europe. A lifelong student of war, he studied especially the relation of war to transportation. His great book, "The Future of War," was an analysis of statistics and scientific facts, fathered by the military experts of Europe, which his synthetic mind revealed in their bearing upon our civilization. This book, which passed under critical review of six generals, was long considered only less influential in the promotion of peace than "The Rights of War and Peace." It was assuredly one of the forces which led the Czar to call the first Hague Conference. It is not significant that over twenty years ago, Jean de Bloch said in conversation with William T. Stead: - "War has become more and more a matter of mechanical arrangement. Modern battles will be decided, so far as they can be decided at all, by men lying in improvised ditches, which they have scooped out to protect themselves from the fire of a distant and invisible enemy. As a profession, militarism is growing less attractive." In 1909 there appeared in England a little book entitled, "Europe's Optical Illusion," written by Norman Angell, a man then wholly unknown to the world. Before the year was over, Count von Metternich, German Ambassador to England, had delivered a speech which was a frank paraphrase of this book; it had been quoted at length in the French Assembly; it had attracted the [10] attention of King Edward and of the Emperor of Germany, and it was stirring the admirals and generals of Europe. Sir Edward Grey declared that the "illusion," viz., the erroneous idea that economic advantage follows military victory, had first dawned on his vision through reading this book. The chieffs of four European States asked for "a book in place of a booklet"; whereupon a year later appeared "The Great Illusion," which embodied the gist of the criticism of the earlier booklet and presented cogent and penetrating refutations of the same. Mr. Angell has been accused by Admiral Mahan of Ignoring the primary cause of most wars - "sentiment, prejudice, and a perverted sense of honour"; but his very first book proves that he is a past-master in the analysis of these and other causes of war and of psychology of the mob. Since then several important books and scores of magazine articles have appeared from the pen of Norman Angell and his words are heeded all over the world. Important works on International Relations and Peace versus War are now appearing almost from day to day. One of the notable books of this year, "Social Progress and the Darwinian Theory," is by a rising American author, George Nasmyth, who is in the foremost rank of the younger leaders in the rational or scientific Peace Movement represented by Norman Angell, the Russian sociologist, Novicow, and others. Some persons, although in sympathy with the Movement, have asked why the Peace Movement should be carried on now; why not wait until the war is over? The answer is that this is the very moment to bring to the conviction of every man and every woman in our country that the war system must be condemned as the method of settling international disputes, and that it is in man's power to get rid of it; that in its place we must establish the system of law and order, under which alone is possible justice to all, and a continuation of civilization. One of the erroneous ideas at present current in some quarters is that the workers for abolition of the War [11] System are not in sympathy with relief work. A preposterous accusation! I believe there is no group of persons who feel more sympathy and interest in the fate of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war than those who are working for the overthrow of the system of war. We believe in the Red Cross work and its further extension and we hope that the American Red Cross will soon count its millions of members and not continue to lag behind European and Asiatic countries in this important matter. In some societies, "war relief and war prevention" have been combined. Anti-War Knitting Circles have been instituted: the plan being to combine knitting or sewing for the war sufferers with the acquiring of knowledge of the International Peace Movement. Striking Peace and War pamphlets or plays are read to the group at work. We Peace workers believe in the Boy Scout Movement of America, and are determined that it shall continue to follow the lines laid down by its founder, General Baden Powell, who has always been emphatically opposed to its being militarized. His basic idea is to train boys for normal, i.e., civic citizenship; and to turn their courage and energy into channels of constructive service to their cities and to their countries. It is to be deplored that the other and new organization, call the United States Boy Scout Movement, is being made essentially military; and it is unfortunate that it should not have chosen a less imitative name. The accusation sometimes made that Peace teaching is liable to undermine patriotism, can be urged only by persons possessed of but superficial knowledge of the anti-war movement, for when we work to banish the war system from the earth, are we lowering the heroic ideals of manhood? Are we training our boys to be "mollycoddles"? Far from it! We bring up our boys to be ready to die for their country by serving humanity's need; and for daily, not occasional, service only. Are not high forms of courage, devotion and self-sacrifice found in many of the careers open to both men and women, such as those of missionaries, doctors, nurses, sailors, firemen? It is a grave mistake to assume that the [12] one and the highest form of service to one's country is that of the soldier. At best it is only one form of service, and in the majority of cases the soldier is not exposed to discomfort, peril and death in the constant way that is the doctor or nurse or life-saver. Many other professions might be named which also are full of opportunity for devotion and self-sacrifice to ideals. We who are working for Peace are the first to recognize the superb courage and devotion shown by the heroes of war, and we know that the world hourly needs such qualities, but we realize that there is entire scope for their manifestation without any battles of blood. In this last year a false affirmation has been frequently heard, i.e., that the women who went to the Hague as delegates of the Woman's Peace Party last April were expecting to stop the war. This was not true. They went to unite with the women of the belligerent and of neutral nations in making such a protest against the War System as must impress the world's conscience; to urge on the governments of the countries at war the calling of a conference for continuous mediation. That a conference of nations shall be called as soon as the time is ripe, has been urged by Senator Root; and is constantly in the mind of President Wilson and of many statesmen in the neutral as well as in the belligerent countries. the Woman's Peace Party was formed because Jane Addams felt that we American women must not stand by as onlookers merely, or as knitters merely, with this tragedy across the seas. In December, 1914, Miss Addams wrote to women representing many organizations in various parts of this country, asking them to assemble in Washington to see what could be done. Many responded to the call, and after three days' conferences, a platform was agreed upon, and the Woman's Peace Party came into existence. Mr. Hamilton Hold, Editor of the Independent, wrote as follows: "They (the Woman's Peace Party) issued a manifesto, unsurpassed, we think, in power and moral fervor by anything that has been issued here or abroad [13] since the great war began. They adopted a Platform radical, sound, statesmanlike, constructive." There may be difference of opinion regarding some of the eleven planks of the Platform, but in the words of our Declaration of Principles, "we have given freedom of expression to a wide divergence of opinion in the details of our Platform . . . . in a common desire to make our woman's protest against war and all that makes for war, vocal, commanding and effective," and the whole object of the Woman's Peace Party is to push constructive Peace work. We want with us every woman who believes that the system of war must be abolished. The late Justice Brewer said: "There never was a time since the beginning of days, that woman longed for bloodshed and the carnage of war, and the more fully she realizes its waste and destruction the more earnest will become her opposition. Nowhere in the world is she so potent a force in public life as in this country, and you may be sure that that force will be ere long concentrated in steadfast opposition to war. She cannot be sneered or laughed out of her faith." "Nothing will carry on your Peace Movement as this war is going to do," was said to me in August, 1914, by one of our practical statesmen; and this is being verified, for the revulsion against war is now as stupendous as the war itself. The glamour has been dissipated, and the evils that war breeds are being exposed to the onlooker as never before in all history. This present war is indeed helping on the Peace Movement, for at last two groups of men and women have come over into our ranks, who heretofore could not see the necessity of so doing. One of these groups contains those persons who, before July, 1914, were saying, "Men always have fought, and always will fight, and what is the use of trying to stop wars?" They see now that if civilization is not to destroy itself, we must force men to keep the Peace, even when grouped in nations; just as we force men to keep the Peace in our cities and States. And this forcing is done in the main by public opinion, i.e., moral force [14] The second group contains those idealistic but unimaginative persons who though war wholly a glorious thing because their only knowledge of it had been gained through history and poetry. As most of the literature of our schools and homes deals with the nobler human qualities which war - as well as earthquake, fire and flood - brings out in men, the knowledge thus gained had not brought to these persons a realization of the brutal developments which are also a part of war; so they would say, "War is a fine thing, and the world needs it now and then!" To this type of mind one always wanted to quote the words of William Ellery Channing: "it is said that without war to excite and invigorate the human mind, some of its noblest energies will slumber, and its highest qualities - courage, magnanimity, fortitude - will perish. To this I answer that, if war is to be encouraged among nations because it nourishes energy and heroism, on the same principle war in our families, and war between neighborhoods, villages and cities ought to be encourage; for such contests would equally tend to promote heroic daring and contempt of death. "We do not need war to awaken human energy. There is at least equal scope for courage and magnanimity in blessing as in destroying mankind. . . . Away then, with the argument that war is needed as a nursery of heroism!" Both these groups are now recognizing the truth of what Anti-War workers have been saying for years - that war among nations is like the duel between individuals; and that evolution and history show the decline of war, and that war must go! Cardinal Gibbons said a few years ago: "The time is fast coming when, like the duel between individuals, the international duel will be relegated to the museum of social monstrosities." You remember Emerson's words: "It is not a great matter how long men refuse to believe the advent of Peace; a universal Peace as sure as is the prevalence of civilization over barbarism, of liberal governments {15} over feudal forms. The question for us is only How Soon?" How Soon? Yes, that is where the work for Peace societies comes in; it is for us to hasten the day! The day can be hastened if men and women will put their thought and strength into this war against war. To quote again from Emerson's Essay on War: "If Peace is to be maintained, it must be by brave men, who have come up to the same height as the hero, namely, the will to carry their life in their hand, and stake it at any instant for their principle; but who have gone one step beyond the hero of war and will not take another man's life." It was Bishop Brent who wrote from the Philippine Islands, soon after the European war broke out: "All of us who have steadily been learning the meaning and value of Peace according to the ideal given us by the Prince of Peace cannot fail to be wrung with anguish by the tempest of hatred, selfishness and slaughter which is sweeping over Europe. ... There is little that can be done by us to terminate this awful war. ... "But it seems to me our first duty is to examine ourselves and see how and where we as individuals are contributing to a social and national condition that makes war not only possible but easy. ... "There is no man, however humbly he counts himself a follower of Jesus Christ, who can fail to be roused to new earnestness by the war. Some of us may be called to do something extreme. But whether by much or by little we must stand boldly forth without counting cost." It is surely the duty of every person who believes that war is a hideous anachronism in this age, to join at least one of the Peace societies. "In unity is strength," and if the Peace army in every country can have full membership, the system of war cannot endure a day. Isolated indeed from the great currents of today's civilization is the man or woman who stands aloof from the work for Permanent Peace; who does not in some way help on this holy crusade of the twentieth century- the crusade for Justice and Brotherhood. [16] An Introduction to the Literature of the Peace Movement Addams, Jane, Fannie Fern Andrews, Rose Dabney Forbes, Lucia Ames Mead, Denys P. Myers, Ruby G. Smith and Anna Garlin Spencer. The Overthrow of the War System, 1915. Woman's Peace Party, 421 Boylston St., Boston. 75 cents. Angell, Norman. The Dangers of Half Preparedness. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1916. 50 cents. A plea for a sound foreign policy. ——The Great Illusion: A Study of the Relation of Military Power to National Advantage. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. $1.00. ——The World's Highway. New York: George H. Doran Co., 1915. $1.50. A plan for world organization based on the international control and freedom of the seas. Bloch, Jean de. The Future of War. Published by the World Peace Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston. 65 cents. Dickinson, G. Lowes. The European Anarchy. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1916. $1.00. ——The Foundations of a League of Peace. Reprinted from the Atlantic Monthly, 1915. Pamphlet, free on application to the World Peace Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston. Hobson, J. A. Towards International Government. 1915. World Peace Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston. 50 cents. A penetrating study of the idea of a League to Enforce Peace by an English international thinker. Hull, William I. The Hague Peace Conferences. Published by the World Peace Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston. $1.65. ——The New Peace Movement. Published by the World Peace Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston. $1.00. James, William. The Moral Equivalent of War. Pamphlet, free on application to the American Association for International Conciliation, Sub-station 84, New York City. Kant, Immanuel. Eternal Peace and other International Essays, edited by Edwin D. Mead, published by the World Peace Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston. 75 cents. Mead, Edwin D. The Principles of the Founders. Boston: American Unitarian Association, 1903. —— Woman and War: Julia Ward Howe's Peace Crusade. Pamphlet, free on application to the World Peace Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston. Mead, Lucia Ames. Swords and Ploughshares. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1912. $1.00. The best short introduction to the peace movement. Nasmyth, George. Social Progress and the Darwinian Theory: A Study of Force as a Factor in Human Relations. With an Introduction by Norman Angell. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1916. $1.50. A reply to the arguments of the Bernhardis of all nations, that war is "inevitable," a part of the "struggle for existence" and the "survival of the fittest." Novicow, Jacques. War and Its Alleged Benefits. New York: Henry Holt & Co. $1.00. Penn, William. Essay toward the Present and Future Peace of Europe (1692-93). Published in Everyman's Library. 35 cents. One of the earliest definite proposals for a League to Enforce Peace. Suttner, Baroness Bertha von. Memoirs. Boston: Ginn & Co., 1910. $4.00. ROSE DABNEY FORBES Rose Dabney Forbes was born in Fayal, Azores on July 4, 1865, the daughter of Samuel Willys and Harriet Webster Dabney. Like his father and grandfather before him, Samuel Dabney was the American Consul in the Islands, and the family had long enjoyed a position of trust, respect and affection among the Portuguese people. Rose was the seventh of the eight children born to her parents, tho' only five grew to maturity. As a girl she romped and played with her brothers and sisters and nearby cousins in their Island Paradise, caring for her chickens, goats, dogs and other pets. All the Dabneys grew up speaking Portuguese as well as English, and as Rose usually had one or more Portuguese servants even after her marriage, she always retained her fluency in the language. Until she was 16, she and the other Dabney children studied at home with American teachers, and she never left the Azores till 1881, when she crossed the ocean in a little old tramp steamer to finish her education in Cambridge. She often spoke with sadness of the grief of those partings, necessitated by the yearly trips from the Azors to America. In those days there were no regular sailings, no wireless or cable. The Consul was obliged to send his children on any ship that happened to put into Fayal bound for this country late in August. Sometimes it was a tramp steamber, a freighter, or again a sailing vessel of the old-fashioned, aquare-rigged type dependant entirely on the wind and weather; and once the vessel was out of sight over the horizon the Consul and his wife must wait with trust and fortitude the weeks till some vessel outbound 2 from the States brought news of their children's safe arrival. Rose's first trip took 13 days, followed by several later voyages of 3 weeks; but it was her sister Alice who could boast of a 45-day passage between Fayal and Boston! Before there was a hotel in Fayal, the Consul's house was the resort of all who came to Fayal, whether on business or pleasure, and the warm hospitality of the consulate was proverbial at home and abroad. Many and varied were the guests: - sea captains, naval officers, foreign officials, friends from America, whaling captains and their wives and occasionally scientific expeditions, notable among which was one that included the Prince of Monaco. These broadening and interesting contacts with the outside world laid the foundations for a wide and varied interest in people which was one of the keynotes of Rose Dabney's life. Rose was always devotedly fond of music and played beautifully. As a child she took piano lessons of a Portuguese teacher, riding to her lessons twice a week on donkey-back; and after coming to Boston she studied under Ernst Perabo. All her life she gave infinite pleasure to her family and friends by her ability to sit down and play from memory from the great masters. Among her favorites were Chopin, Schubert, Beethoven and Strauss; and to have heard the Blue Danube as played by her, was something one never forgot. She knew many Portuguese songs and accompanied herself, and these gave much delight to her children and later to her grandchildren, who would perch beside her on the bench and pretend they understood the words. Although she might easily have made music a career, she planned to become a doctor, and even thought of devoting her life to work among the lepers. On her return to the Azores after 3 finishing school she sent to England for medical books and began studying seriously. In those days epidemics of smallpox swept the Islands periodically, causing many deaths among the native population to whom vaccination was unknown. Their fatalistic attitude that it was "God's will" did not satisfy Rose Dabney. She sent for vaccine and instructions, and with the help of her sister, began a program of vaccination, which proved its value when future epidemic broke out and all those who had been "scratched by the Signorita" escaped the dread plague. Photography was one of Rose's great interests and hobbies. She and her brother Ralph secured a good camera, plates and developing and enlarging equipment and set about making a vivid, accurate and most interesting pictorial history of their Island and the lives of its people. Later, as her children were growing up she took hundreds of snapshots which were systematically pasted into albums with names and dates, forming a delightful chronological picture of their lives, together with friends, places of interest, dogs, horses and boats belonging to the family. In the late 80's the failing health of her father, and the fact that all the other Dabney families had, by now, moved to America; brought about the painful decision to leave their beloved Island home and settle in the United States. Their leaving brought much sadness to the Islanders, many of whom had known several generations of Dabneys; and for months before their departure the papers were full of letters, resolutions and tributes attesting their affection and loyalty to the Dabney family. Finally, In January 1892, after months of preparation, Samuel Dabney, his wife, his son Ralph and his two daughters, 4 Alice and Rose left Fayal forever in a small Portuguese freighter, the only vessel available at that time. Herbert, the eldest son was awaiting them in California, their future home, and Charles, the youngest, was already in business in Boston. He, of all the family, was the only one ever to return to Fayal; for the others, it was a final good bye. Theylanded in New Bedford and after a short stay with friends in Milton, continued their long Odessy to California by rail, and finally reached their destination - a ranch in the mountains near San Diego, which Herbert had selected adn purchased for them some years before. Many of their larger possessions were sent to California by way of Cape Horn and arrived months later after many vicissitudes. Rose only lived in California for a few months, as on July 6, she was married from her father's house to J. Malcolm Forbes of Milton, Mass., a widower nearly twenty years her senior with five children. After a six weeks' wedding trip she returned to her husband's lovely summer home on Naushon Island, there to take up her duties as mistress of his house and step-mother to his large family. The loyalty and affection which they have always held for her, indicates the tact, sympathy and understanding she must have shown in such a new and difficult undertaking. Her winters were spent in Milton and her summers at Naushon where she was a charming and gracious hostess to her husband's many friends and to the members of his large family circle. Of the three children born to Rose D. Forbes, tow lived to grow up: a daughter Alice, born in 1897 and a son, J. Malcolm Forbes, Jr. in 1901. Hers was a happy marriage but it 5 was destine to last only 12 years, for in 1904 her husband died and she was left to face life alone. Asin all the trials and sorrows that were to come to her, she showed great courage and sweetness and was always an inspiration to those about her. After the death of her father and brother Ralph, her month and sister came east to live and Rose had the pleasure and satisfaction of building a charming little home for them very near her own, and of surrounding them with every loving comfort and care. Her brothers were both married by this time, and lived near Boston, so the family saw a good deal of each other for the affection of the Dabney family, one for another, was very deep, very real and very spontaneous, and altogether a lovely thing to have seen. The habit of travel begun as a girl, never left her and she made numerous trips to England and the continent, sometimes with her children, sometimes taking a friend or relative who would otherwise never had had the chance. She also went to California and other parts of the west, and even when she was nearly 70 she took a twenty-year old cousin on a wonderful trip to Madeira and Spain. She was an excellent traveller, always cheerful and philosophical over delays, bad weather (which she never allowed to interfere with anything!) poor food, service or accommodations. Rude taxi drivers, and officious customs men became courteous and helpful under her charm, gentleness and sweet smile; and it was proverbial among her family that within ten minutes she always found out if aman's wife needed glasses or if his children's tonsils should come out, and she was always able to give good counsel (and usually financial help as well) and leave the person cheered and encouraged; such was her unfailing interest in her fellow man. 6 She was always meeting people who had been in Fayal and known her and her family. One incident of this sort, in California, stands out clearly. She and her two children had taken the trip to Catalina and wanted to go out in one of the flat-bottom boats. They walked down the dock lined with boatmen, each yelling the merits of himself and his boat louder than the rest. Her keen eye caught sight of one little man who was sitting quietly waiting, and glancing up, saw his name, Enos Vera, on the board over his head. "I think he is Portuguese", and remarked, and walking up addressed him in his native tongue. Bewilderment showed first, then his face lighted up with unbelievable joy and he burst into a torrent of Portuguese. After ten minutes of rapid-fire conversation, Rose turned to the children who had been standing by, watching with keen interest but unfortunately unable to understand more than a few words, and said, "This man is from the Azores and used to see me riding abut the Island on my donkey." No one every had a deeper sense of "Noblesse Oblige" than Rose Forbes. Wealth, to her, meant opportunities to enrich and make happier the lives of her friends; and she was never happier herself than when planning what she could do for othe rs. When, on the death of his parents, Mr. Forbes moved his family into their home, "Fredonia", on Milton HIll, Rose "inherited" the greenhouse and garden which had been the pride and joy of her mother-in-law. These she kept up, andimproved as time went on, adding new varieties and numerous plants familiar to her Fayal home. The garden she made into one of the most beautiful in Milton, keeping it entirely informal, but making the most of the several species of magnolias, the prodigious purple 7 wisteria which wreathed itself and hung it deliciously fragrant clusters over the big archway and along the garden fence for yards in either direction, and the towering elms which cast lacy shadows on the grass beneath. She loved to walk with her family or friends in her garden and pick baskets of flowers to arrange in the house, or to give away; for Rose was always surrounded by flowers. The her a house without them was bare and she could not be happy unless she shared her good fortune with others. Her greenhouse blazed with a succession of color and beauty - schizanthus, Easter lilies, Clarkia, begonias, Jerusalam Cherries, the deep red Amarillis, freezias, cyclamen and poinsettias; while perhaps most characteristic of all were the rare, waxy camellias - white, shell pink and crimson - and the large white single azaleas which had been raised and carefully nurtured by her mother-in-law. One of Rose's chief joys form her greenhouse was the wealth of Glorious Heavenly Blue Morning Glories; and no one who ever received a box of these lovely things will forget or fail to associate them with her. Boxes of flowers from Fredonia found their way unfailingly in time of sorrow, sickness or joy, as greeting to a returning traveler or welcome to a new baby, and always with a note in her own handwriting indicative of her affection and interest. Although she never spoke much about it, religion was an integral part of Rose Forbe's life. As there were no Protestant churches in the Azores, the Dabney family always held its own simple service on Sunday, and this custom was continued on Sundays at Naushon where church was inaccessible. Her family had been Unitarian but in 1914. after much serious thought and study she joined the Episcopal Church as was confirmed by the 8 Rt. Rev. charles H. Brent, Bishop of the Phillipines, who became her god-father. Her work in the Peace and Suffrage movements made it impossible for her to do active church work, but she was a regular and devout attendant and gave generously to her own church and to various of the churchorganizations. The scope of her financial help toothers will probably never be known, for no one was ever less inclined to talk about her benefactions than Rose Forbs; but we can assume that it was a generous scale. Her sympathy was as great as her faith in the goodness of others. Everyone was given the "benefit of the doubt" and it never seemed to occur to her that other people had mean, petty or selfish motives, so high and altruistic were her own. The death of her husband left a great vacuum in Rose's life and it was not many years after that she became interested in the peace movement, through Miss Anna B. Eckstein, a German woman who was lecturing in this country. From that time, Rose knew unhesitatingly that she wanted to devote herself to working for world peace, a League of nations and the abolishment of war. In those days it was unusual for a woman to work for "causes", but if Rose felt she was right, no amount of criticism or adverse public opinion could swerve her from her purpose. she formed committees, sent out literature, got up meetings with prominent speakers, wrote articles, attended meetings, met and talked with the progressive minds of the day and the far-less progressive congressmen, and did much to to turn peoples' thoughts in the direction of some form of world cooperation that would and forever the slaughter of the youth of the world to satisfy the greed and selfishness of their leaders. 9 The World War in 1914 came as a great blow to her hopes and she suffered deeply, butused its horrors as added ammunition and point to her own efforts to make further wars impossible. Never deviating from her ultimate goal of world peace, Rose Forbes continued a deep interest all those years in the fight for woman suffrage. "Taxation without representation" was as unjust and wrong to her as it was to our forefathers, and she joined the ranks of such famous pioneers as Anna Howard Shaw, Alice Stone Blackwell, Carrie Chapman Catt, Pauline Agassiz Shaw and Maud Wood Park to carry on the work to correct that injustice. Disliking and regretting the conspicous and violent tactics of the English suffragettes, she gave largely of both time and money to help form the Massachusetts and the Boston Leagues of Women Voters, and worked quietly but steadily to help mould public opinion and secure equal advantages for women. She was elected, in 1920, the first President of the Boston League of Women Voters. It was a jubilant day when, with Mrs. ida Porter-Boyer, Mrs. Lewis Jerome Johnson and Mrs. Edna Lamprey Stantial, she went to the Old North Church on August 26th, 1920 and personally rang the old bells proclaiming the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. That victory won, she returned to concentrate on her work for the League of Nations, but she was always a loyal supporter of the suffrage organizations she helped created. She was an ardent admirer of Woodrow Wilson and his policies, which she felt to be the only ones certain to lay the foundations for a just and lasting peace. That the politicians of Europe prevailed and that Wilson was discredited and failed to get the backing and support of the United States Congress, so that this country refused to join the League of Nations, was a terrific 10 blow and shock to her. She felt that one of the great barriers to international understanding was the lack of a common language, and for a while became interested in Esperanto. By this time, her children were both happily married and grandchildren were making their apparance and giving her great joy. This in a meaurehelped to console her for the death of her beloved sister Alice in 1923 followed a few years later by that of her adored mother. Herbert had died in 1920 an dChalres and his family had made their home in Santa Barbara for many years, Rose continued to live at Fradonia and Naushon, devoting more time to reading and letter-writing and leading a more leisurely life, but alert and always interested in people, politics and events of the day. At the request of her son. Malcolm, she wrote a book entitled "Fayal Dabneys, a Sketch of Three American Consuls", which was privatelyprinted in 1931 so that her children and theirs should be able to visualize the Island home and form a mental picture of their Dabney ancestors. This entailed much reading offamily letters and records, which took her the best part of a year and gave her infinite pleasure and quiet occupation. The chapter is not ended. I will touch only briefly on the terrible accident of the boat explosion which occurred at Woods Hold in September 1940, when her life was saved only by the heroic efforts of her boatman. She came through the ordeal with the same calmness and courage with which she met all the crises in her life; but the shock brought on a gradual failing of memory and cloudiness of mind, so that the second World War, which was to engulf so many of her grandsons and nephews, made little impression, and she was spared all the knowledge of the tragic loss of her son in the fall of 1941. As this is written, 11 she was just passed her 78th birthday, surrounded by every care and affection, and by flowers fromthe Fredonia garden, re-living in her own untroubled mind thehappy, carefree days of her girlhood in Fayal. Alice Forbes Howland July 1943. Milton, Massachusetts BOSTON LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS FOUNDED 1901 BY PAULINE AGASSIZ SHAW THE FIRST ESSENTIAL OF GOOD CITIZENSHIP IS INTEREST; THE SECOND, KNOWLEDGE; THE THIRD, CONSECRATION. 552-554 LITTLE BUILDING, BOSTON 11. ,ASS/ TELEPHONE, BEACH 6310-6311 COUNSELOR MISS ALICE STONE BLACKWELL HONORARY PRESIDENT MRS. ROBERT GOULD SHAW PRESIDENT MRS. J. MALCOLM FORBES CLERK MISS FLORENCE H. LUSCOMB TREASURER MRS. GRACE E. BURNHAM EXECUTIVE SECRETARY MRS. WENONA OSBORNE PINKHAM Dear Fellow Member: AS you know, Mr. Herbert Hoover is launching a campaign for the saving of 3,500,000 hungry children in Europe, who must be kept from starvation until the next harvest when it is believed their own countries will be able to look after them. The enclosed "Appeal to the American People", written by Mr. Hoover himself, gives the necessary facts, and we can supply you with as many copies of this latter as you are able to circulate. Mr. John Hallowell is Chairman for Massachusetts, and under him Mrs. Barrett Wendell, with a large Committee, is organizing the Metropolitan District. Mrs. Richard H. Gorham and I were asked to represent the Boston League of Women Voters on the Boston Committee. At the meeting yesterday of our Executive Board it was unanimously voted that our Boston League of Women voters do everything in its power to help in this vital work. We appeal to each member to do her share, whether by personal contribution or service. There are many ways in which all can help, such as by speaking at meetings and by talking to every one you know; by writing to friends (enclosing the Hoover appeal); arranging for your Clubs to take up the matter; getting in touch with your ministers, doctors, and other influential citizens; - 2 - sending notices to the press; sending out appeals for the Hoover Christmas cards; addressing envelopes at your home, or at your Clubs; getting up quick lunches or entertainments for money appeals, etc. etc. Each member is asked to choose her own way of helping. Christmas cards are for sale which bear the follwing inscription: "I am sending in your name food to a child in Europe. This is my Christmas gift to you." These come in four styles: - a ten cent card which provides food for one day; a dollar car (meals for one month); a ten dollar card (the support of one child from now till harvest time); and a card for any sum over ten dollars. These may be bought at hour headquarters, and through the local chairmen, whose names may be ascertained at our office. the Feed the Starving Children Drive will be intensive but short, for it is believed and hoped that the necessary thirty-three million dollars will be raised by January first. I am sure that all of us will be moved to out utmost, not only as individuals, but as loyal members of the Boston League of Women Voters. Yours faithfully, Rose D. Forbes. (Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes) President. Hoover Appeal Massachusetts Branch LEAGUE OF NATIONS ASSOCIATION, Inc. a Society for the Organization of Peace in support of: Good Neighbor policies of international cooperation developed and strengthened through the League of Nations; Social justice universalized through the International Labor Organization; Economic planning developed through an enlarged economic department of the League of Nations; Pacific settlement through arbitration and the Permanent Court of International Justice; Armament reduction by the international agreement and the strengthening of substitutes for war. STATE OFFICERS EDWIN S. WEBSTER, Honorary President FRANCIS H. RUSSEL President LEONARD W. CRONKHITE MRS. ROBERT C. DEXTER CONRAD HOBBS MANLEY O. HUDSON MISS SARAH WAMBAUGH Vice-Presidents S. WARREN STURGIS, Treasurer MISS FRANCES G. CURTIS Chairman of Board MISS IRENE ARMSTRONG, Director NATIONAL OFFICERS FRANK G. BOUDREAU, M.D. President VICTOR ELTING Treasurer CLARK M. EICHELBERGER, Director Telephone CAPitol 0692 DIRECTORS SIR HERBERT AMES MISS LUCY ASPINWALL EVERETT MOORE BAKER RUHL J. BARTLETT REYNOLDS D. BROWN MRS. JOHN S. CODMAN MRS. EDWIN COHN A. BARR COMSTOCK COURTENAY CROCKER LEONARD W. CRONKHITE MISS FRANCES G. CURTIS MRS. J. ANTON DE HASS MRS. WALTER E. DEWEY ROBERT C. DEXTER MRS. ROBERT C. DEXTER FREDERICK M. ELIOT SAMUEL A. ELIOT MRS. J. MALCOM FORBES MRS. JOSEPH GOLDMAN MISS EDITH GUERRIER CONRAD HOBBS MRS. LOUIS MCHENRY HOWE MANLEY O. HUDSON MRS. LEWIS JEROME JOHNSON MISS LUCY LOWELL MRS. SAMUEL MARKELL JAMES A. MOYER MRS. CHARLES PEABODY MISS EDITH A. RICHARDSON FRANCIS H. RUSSELL MRS. FRANCIS H. RUSSELL NORMAL P. SEAGRAVE MRS. WAITSTILL H. SHARP MRS. SIDNEY N. SHURCLIFF THEODORE SMITH EUGENE STALEY MRS. EDWARD S. STIMPSON S. WARREN STURGIS DR. S. J. THANNHAUSER MRS. LUCIUS E. THAYER MISS SARAH WAMBAUGH MISS MARGARET WARREN MRS. ANNE HOLLIDAY WEBB EDWIN S. WEBSTER MISS HARRIET WHITTIER 40 MT. VERNON STREET, BOSTON December 4, 1940. [*Forbes*] COMMITTEE FOR INTERNATIONAL REDUCTION OF ARMAMENT "OVERGROWN MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS ARE, UNDER ANY FORM OF GOVERNMENT, INAUSPICIOUS TO LIBERTY, AND ARE TO BE REGARDED AS PARTICULARLY HOSTILE TO REPUBLICAN LIBERTY." GEORGE WASHINGTON CHAIRMAN MRS. J. MALCOLM FORBES EXECUTIVE SECRETARY MISS MABEL C. WILLARD COUNSELORS DEAN SARAH LOUISE ARNOLL MR. GEORGE W. COLEMAN MRS. RICHARD H. GORHAM MR. ARTHUR M. HUDDELL MR. JOHN FARWELL MOORE MR. KENT PERKINS MR. E. TALLMADGE ROOT MRS. ROBERT GOULD SHAW PRESIDENT MARY E. WOOLLEY [67 MILK STREET, ROOM 65 BOSTON, MASS. ._TELEPHONE, CONGRESS 1977] Room 706, 101 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass. Telephone, Main 4747 April 24, 1923 Dear Friend:- We learn that Mr. William A. Steffes, Director of the Northwestern Division of the Motion Picture Theatre Owners of America, is keenly interested in international co-operation to prevent war, and is hoping to have slides illustrating the subject shown in all of the Motion Picture Houses in the country. There is probably no better way of reaching the great masses of the people on this most important movement, and we are desirous of helping in every possible way. The Annual Convention of the Motion Picture Theatre Owners of America is to be held in the near future, before which Mr. Steffes wishes to bring his plan. It will be a great help to him in securing co-operation among the Motion Picture Theatre Owners if he can state that he has received large numbers of letters expressing the wish that slides on international co-operation to prevent war be shown in the Motion Picture Houses. Will you help in this great movement by writing Mr. Steffes at once, and getting as many others as possible to do the same, asking that he do all that he can in this direction? We appeal to you with all earnestness to help in this way! Cordially yours, Mabel C. Willard Executive Secretary. Mr. Steffes should be addressed:- Mr. William A. Steffes, Director of Northwestern Division of Motion Picture Theatre Owners of America, 324 Kasota Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 95 [*Picture of Mrs. Carict- and me (Mrs J Malcolm Forbes) at Suffrage Parade {"Me" second from the left - *] HISSED BY GARMENT WORKERS MASSACHUSETTS delegation marching down Pennsylvania avenue in the great suffragette pageant in Washington yesterday. On the banner carried aloft in advance of the line, bearing a likeness of Julia Ward Howe, appears her famous words from the "Battle Hymn of the Republic:" "Our God is marching on!" Photograph taken by Richard W. Sears of the Boston AMERICAN, and received in Boston today. 300 INJURED IN WILD SCENES AT "VOTES" PARADE WASHINGTON, March 4. - Three hundred or more persons, most of them women, were hurt in the crash along Pennsylvania avenue during the big suffrage parade, according to hospital estimates today. As a result of the wild disorder of thousands of spectators, prominent suffragists will present to President Wilson this afternoon resolutions condemning the police and other officials and demanding a thorough investigation of the hostile demonstrations and of the alleged indifference and negligence of the police. The most serious of the injuries reported from the hospitals are several broken arms and scores of painful sprains and bruises. It became known today that one of those who suffered in the rush of crowds of men who hurled insults at the women was Miss Helen Keller, the noted deaf and blind woman. Miss Keller was caught in one of the demonstrations and was so unnerved by her harassing experiences in attempting to reach a grandstand where she was to have been a gust of honor that she was unable to speak when called upon. Indignant suffragist leaders also pointed out today that Mrs. Taft, wife of the former President, and Miss Helen Taft and a dozen or more friends in a White House party watching the pageant from a special reviewing stand, became so disgusted with the insults hurled at the paraders that they left the stand. Miss Inez Milholland, the herald of the procession, it was also pointed out today, at one time had to ride down a mob that blocked the street. This resulted in dispersing them. Another woman in the suffrage cavalry struck a hodlum [hoodlum] a stinging blow across the face as her reply to a slur that came from his lips. Some of the scenes are described as riots. The women leaders were extremely bitter today in telling what they thought of police officials. The resolutions they passed call on President Wilson and Congress to make an inquiry and place the responsibility for the indignities the suffragists were forced to put up with. The resolutions accuse the police of failing to protect the suffragists and of permitting by their negligence conditions "which would have been a disgrace to any city, but which was doubly so here. "The suffrage leaders demand that President Wilson and Congress see to it that the responsible authorities be punished." 16 [*Phila Ledger*] Who Are You? A Forbes? Forbes [*9-22-30*] Romance of Your Name by Ruby Haskins Ellis This is a Scottish local name, taken from Saor Forba, meaning free lands, or lands free from taxation or military service. In Aberdeenshire, Scotland, there was a parish called Forbes. It was in the Aberdeenshire Highlands where the family of Forbes first lived and flourished dating from the time of William the Lion. In 1442 the barony of Forbes was created by James I of Scotland. The present holder of the title is the nineteenth lord. There are other members of this ancient family who bear titles of long standing. One of this family commanded a troop of horse in the Scots army at the Battle of Worcester, and took Charles I safely off the field when his horse had been shot from under him. The "tartan" or plaid of this clan is a very attractive design in dark green and maroon, with white stripes. The war cry is "Lonach," the name of a mountain in Strath Don. The clan badge is "broom." John Forbes was one of the first American settlers of the name. He came from Scotland to Sudbury, Mass., and in 1645 removed to Bridgewater. Daniel Forbes, of Scotland, born 1620, lived in Cambridge, Mass., 1656- 1660. He later removed to Concord and from there to Marlboro, Mass. Yacht Blast Kills Woman, Injures 3 Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes Burned, Secretary Dies in Woods Hole Fire [Special Dispatch to The Herald] WOODS HOLE, Sept. 4- Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes, 74, member of a prominent Milton family, was severely burned and her companion and secretary, Miss Anne M. Vickerson, 65, was killed when an explosion and fire destroyed the Forbes 30-foot cabin cruiser Dolphin at the Naushon Landing pier here late today. {photo} MRS. J. MALCOLM FORBES Capt. Alonzo G. Fisher, skipper of the craft, saved Mrs. Forbes by tossing the elderly woman into the water from the blazing boat, but he and another would-be rescuer were unable to move Miss Vickerson, who burned to death. Capt. Fisher was burned about the hands, arms and face. LIFTED FROM WATER Mrs. Forbes, quickly lifted from the water by two boatmen from a fish market nearby, was treated at a neighboring summer cottage for first degree burns of the face and hands, a possible back injury, and bruises. She was able to return to the Forbes family summer home on Naushon island, two miles off Woods Hole, in another boat tonight. A missed appointment made possible the tragedy. the two women, planning a trip to Boston, were brought from Naushon island earlier in the afternoon by Capt. Fisher, and had expected a chauffeur to meet them here. After they waited an hour and he failed to appear, they decided to return to the island. The explosion shattered the craft just as Capt. Fisher was about to start it from the pier. The entire stern was blown from the boat, and flames quickly shot up to the top of the mast. All three occupants were hurled toward the bow. Capt. Fisher, after throwing Mrs. Forbes from the path of the flames seized Miss Vickerson but was unable to move her as her cvlothing was afire. The flames forced him to leap to the pier to save himself. GASOLINE SUSPECTED Robert Rapp, 21, of Woods Hole, jumped aboard the craft and also tried to carry Miss Vickerson. Her burned coat tore loose in his hands, and he was forced to jump into the water to escape the flames. He was slightly burned on the face and hands. Capt. Fisher said the explosion might have been caused by gasoline (Continued on Page Twenty-four) Mrs. Forbes Is Recovering WOODS HOLE, Sept. 9-Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes, 74, member of a prominent Milton family, was reported recovering today from burns and injuries suffered yesterday in a fire and explosion that destroyed her 30-foot cabin cruiser, Dolphin. Miss Anna M Vickerson, 60-year-old companion-secretary to Mrs. Forbes, was burned to death when she was pinned under debris from the blast. SAVED BY CAPTAIN Mrs. Forbes' life was probably saved by the quick action of the cruiser captain, Alonzo G. Fisher, who tossed the elderly woman into the water from the blazing craft. Although assisted by Robert Rapp, 21, of Woods Hole, who jumped aboard the burning boat, Capt. Fisher was unable to move Miss Vickerson from under the debris. Suffering from severe burns about the face, arms and hands, both men were forced to jump overboard to save their own lives. After being lifted from the water by two fishermen, Hans Harrison and Olaf Nelson, Mrs. Forbes was treated for first degree burns of the face and hands and a possible hip injury. She later boarded another boat to return to her summer estate on Naushon Island. Capt. Fisher told officials that the explosion which shattered the craft just as he was about to start it from the pier, might have been caused by gasoline fumes from the bilge. He said he and the two women were near the stern when the last hurled them almost the length of the cruiser. Miss Vickerson, born in England, had been a companion for Mrs. Forbes for more than 30 years. Mrs. Forbes, one of the early leaders in the fight for women's suffrage, has long been active in organizations supporting the League of Nations and striving for international peace. Her husband, who died in 1904, was a cousin of W. Cameron Forbes, former ambassador to Japan. [*103*] Mrs. Rose Forbes Memorial services for Mrs. Rose Dabney Forbes, 81, a pioneer in the woman's suffrage movement, who died Saturday, will be held Wednesday at 3 in St. Michael's Church, Milton. Born in the Azores, where her father was U. S. Consul, Mrs. Forbes was an accomplished pianist. She leaves a daughter, Mrs. Weston Howland of Milton. Plan Courses in Citzenship (Photograph by Bachrach) Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes Summer courses in citizenship are being planed in many colleges, in which courses Mrs. Ida Porter Boyer of Boston will take a prominent part. Mrs. Boyer, who is well known as a lecturer in the Boston League of Women Voters, will be the special instructor at the citizenship course to be given at Simmons College this summer. Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes, president of the Boston League of Women Voters, is co-operating with the college authorities in planning the course to be given at Simmons. Williams College and the Massachusetts Agricultural College are among the institutions planning the citizenship course. WOMEN URGED TO FIGHT WAR Mme. Grouitch Addresses First Boston Meeting of Woman's Peace Party. The duty of women to organize and make their influence felt against war was strongly urged last night in the Park Street Church at the first public meeting in Boston of the recently formed national Woman's Peace party. Samuel J. Elder, who presided, read the platform of the party and dwelt on the agonizing lot of women in countries stricken by war. S.K. Ratcliffe gave an account of the relief activities of women in England since August last. Mme. Slavko Grouitch, wife of the foreign minister of Servia, told her to experiences of suffering from wars in Europe. "There is no real public opinion against war," she said. "People say they believe in peace, but I have rarely found people working towards international reconciliation. National pride, which is really national jealousy, makes each man think his civilization is better than any other. since women suffer so greatly from war they should be given some way of expressing their opinion. "A little of the merciful and forbearing traits of women, if shown in international matters, would make it perfectly possible for nations to get on without the additional territory, the additional privileges, and even the honor, for which wars are so often fought. Send out to Europe not only our help, but also our public opinion to the effect that we are against the keeping up of armaments." President S.C. Mitchell of Delaware College urged a larger part for women in the socializing movements of the time. Gov. Walsh, who was announced as o ne of the speakers, and had intended to urge the duty of "war against the war spirit," did not reach the church before the adjournment of the meeting, which closed with the singing of "America." [PHOTO] Bachrach BL - C [Mrs. J. Malcom Forbes] Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.