NAWSA SUBJECT FILE Lutz, Bertha C.S Monitor - June 9:1945 Woman Speaks - and Diplomats Heed SAN FRANCISCO. June 9 (AP)--Diplomats must now add women to the things they have on their minds. That was a decision taken in a United Nations Conference Committee on Economic and Social Co-operation. The committee approved unanimously a proposal by Delegate Bertha Lutz of Brazil recommending that the future economic and social council set up a commission on women's rights. Senhorita Lutz had a busy day--also tossing up the questions of "equality" for women for more discussion. It was pretty complicated, but this is what happened: A Conference committee approved a declaration that the new world league "shall place no restrictions on the representation and participation of men and women on an equal basis in its principal organs and subsidiary agencies." A co-ordinating committee revised the statement and Senhorita Lutz didn't like it, because it emphasized equal eligibility rather than equal rights of participation. So the first committee rewrote the co-ordinating committee's re-vision to say that the world organization "shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in the principal and subsidiary organs." Now the co-ordinating committee has to take up the wording again. Brazil's Women Score Gains Their Right to Vote Is Widely Used and a Million Hold Jobs Outside Home By Frank M. Garcia Rio De Janeiro Women of Brazil are making effective use of their political equality with men, written into the Constitution only two years ago. There are today two women in Congress, Dr. Bertha Lutz and Dr. Carlota de Queiroz. Distributed throughout the country are ten women Mayors, ten Assemblywomen and thirty Councilwomen, and eight women serve the nation as consuls in foreign lands. Government jobs have long been open to women. In various States women have held the posts of Secretary of Labor, Secretary of Education and Superintendents in Public Health Departments. But the Constitution of 1934 confers on them what might even be called special privileges in certain lines. Dr. Lutz, who was appointed by the Provisional Government to draft the first page of the new Constitution in 1933, wrote into that document not only equal rights for both sexes, not only the right to hold government employment regardless of sex or marital status, and not only equal salary for equal work, but actual preference to women in all governmental jobs dealing with home, motherhood, children and working conditions for women. * * * Rise of the Movement Before the World War most women in Brazil were satisfied to follow a domestic routine, indifferent to political recognition. In 1919 a spirit of self-consciousness first appeared, and in 1922 the Brazilian Federation for the Advancement of Women was formed. Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, the American feminist leader, was the organizer. The federation has today nationwide ramifications and to this association Brazilian feminist leaders give credit for the formation of the Union of Professional Women, which embraces in its membership professional women, university women, nurses, typists and stenographers as well as the League of Independent Voters. "As a voting force we are powerful and we mean to take full advantage of our prerogatives," said a woman leader. Today a million of women in Brazil are engaged in occupations other than domestic work, whereas fifteen years ago the figures were negligible. Professional women, women stenographers, salesladies, women typists, women barbers, women canvassers and women employed in general office work, commerce and industry are the product of the past few years. Not long ago in Rio de Janeiro department stores men catered to the necessities of women shoppers who wished to purchase feminine apparel. The average girl spent her time day-dreaming, praying to her patron saint to give her a happy marriage, her only chance in life. The sentiment once general in Brazil that women should not work, that her place was in the home, has disappeared. What is more, the advert of Brazilian women into commercial and industrial life has resulted in remodeling the country's commercial usages in many respects. * * * Freedom Unchallenged The freedom of the Brazilian woman now goes unchallenged. The modern Brazilian girl, able to take care of herself, goes about alone and unmolested everywhere at all times. Some believe the American film helped give her the courage, at first, to do that. Dr. Lutz, a graduate in biology from the University of Paris and also a lawyer, is today one of the best known women leaders in Brazil. As a Congresswoman she is ready to maintain the prestige of her sex among "mere men" and to fight for the enactment of laws affecting women in general. Well known in the United States and an ardent admirer of its institutions, Dr. Lutz visited the northern republic in 1922 and 1925 as a delegate to the Pan American Conference for Women. In 1928 she represented Brazil in the Bicentennial of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, and in 1932 on a fellowship of the Carnegie Foundation to study the educational work of American museums. Although Brazilian women obtained all the rights and privileges which Dr. Lutz was able to write into the Constitution, they are still far from Mecca. For one thing, they have not succeeded in breaking through the walls of the Brazilian Civil Code. What prevents them is the fact that Brazilian married women cannot lawfully acquire or hold property of their own. To fight this "evil," as women leaders call it, they are trying to reform the Civil Code through legislation. It is their aim to place married women under a status of full control of their persons and of their property modeled on the Scandinavian marriage legislation. Handicap Encountered The fight for equality, to be sure, has not enlisted the efforts of all Brazilian women. Many women in interior towns are still described as very backward or indifferent to the situation. Because of this a speedy success of the movement in Brazil cannot be expected. But this fact, women leaders argue, is known to them and special propaganda is taking care of the situation. The leaders believe that as soon as Brazilian women become fully cognizant of their duties toward the State and take full advantage of the prerogatives granted them by the Constitution a great many political evils which now exist will be corrected. In the opinion of Dr. Lutz the women's movement in Brazil is in its infancy. "It is true," she said, "that many people are indifferent and even hostile, but the chances are that these people have not taken the trouble to gauge the far-reaching possibilities reserved to women as political factors in the life of the nation." When asked whether women believed in the legal subordination of one sex to the other, she replied emphatically, "No, certainly not subordination of the female sex." Such a notion, she said, was contrary to biological facts as observed in nature and beginning with plant life. "Subordination Odious" "But man is the stronger and he is also the provider and the protector," she was reminded. "It all may be so," she answered, "but subordination is an odious word. It spells submission, tutelage, slavedom, and the woman of this generation can well take care herself. However, in the last analysis, I do not believe so much in the perfect identity of the sexes as I believe in values and the equal value of their respective contributions to progress. I believe in equality as to political, economic, social and cultural status. I also believe that women, as mothers, should not have many protective measures, but that special rights should be given to all women by world-wide action." In Bertha Lutz's opinion, peace is the basic condition for the recognition of women's rights. Continuing, she said: "The theory that women cannot do as well as women in important posts is pure fallacy. I would say that women can do better than men if given an even chance." "More sentimental? Decidedly not. It is men who are sentimental. Women are practical. Perhaps men have more initiative, more ambition and as well as more selfishness. They have more interest in power, money and, to do them justice, also in abstract research. Women are more inclined to work for others, even to the extent of self-sacrifice. And because of all this I believe that as administrators women would do better than men." PROJECT OF PROGRAM FOR THE INTER-AMERICAN CONFERENCE FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF PEACE FORMULATED ON THE BASIS OF SUGGESTIONS SUBMITTED BY THE SEVERAL GOVERNMENTS I. ORGANIZATION OF PEACE 1. Methods for the prevention and pacific settlement of inter-American disputes a. Consideration of possible causes of controversy and of Measures for their peaceful solution. b. Coordination and perfecting of existing international instruments for the maintenance of peace. c. Consideration of additional measures for the maintenance of peace and the pacific settlement of inter-American controversies. d. Measures intended to secure the prompt ratification of treaties and conventions for the maintenance of peace. e. Generalization of the inter-American juridical system for the maintenance of peace. f. Consideration of the desirability of creating an Inter-American Court of Justice. 2. Consideration of other measures tending toward closer association of the American Republics and their relation to other international entities. II. NEUTRALITY 3. Consideration of rules regarding the rights and duties of neutrals and belligerents. III. LIMITATION OF ARMAMENTS 4. Necessity of limiting the organization and armaments of national defence, so as only to guarantee internal security of the States and their defense against foreign aggression. IV. JURIDICAL PROBLEMS 5. Consideration of methods for the future codification of International Law. 6. Formulation of principles with respect to the elimination of force and of diplomatic intervention in cases of pecuniary claims and other private actions. 7. Unification of the international American principle and of national legislation with respect to the problems of nationality. 8. Consideration of the civil and political rights of women. V. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS 9. Measures to promote closer economic relations among the American Repiblics. a. Tariff truce and customs agreements. b. Agreement on sanitary regulations affecting the interchange of animal and vegetable products. c. Equality of trade opportunity. d. Financial cooperation. e. International aspects of the problems of immigration. f. Promotion of travel. g. Other measures. 10. Improvement of communication facilities. a. Maritime communications. b. The Pah American Highway. c. Other measures. 11. Measures for the improvement of the intellectual, moral and material condition of workers. VI. INTELLECTUAL COOPERATION 12. Measures to promote closer intellectual and cultural relations between the American Republics, and the development of the spirit of moral disarmament. The aftermath of Revolution. CIVIL WAR IN BRAZIL Clang' ! The harsh sound of a church bell rends the evening air. Slowly it's echoes die away, but as soon as silence has been completely restablished it tolls again. Straining the ear across the moonlit distances one hears other church bells tolling, all over Rio de Janeiro. It is by the Cardinal's order that every evening these bells ring, to express the Church's deep sorrow at the Civil War that rages in Brazil. October 1930, marked the outbreak of the first successful revolution made int his country since the Republic was proclaimed in 1889. The president of the Republic and all the state governors were deposed. Congress was dissolved. Getulio Vargas seized the power and become the "Chief of the Provisional Government of Brazil". The Constitution was next abolished; extra-judiciary courts of administrative justice were provided, to try the men formerly in power and the revolutionaries settled down to "create a New Brazil". A few days later, a group of the men formerly in power sat in the lounge of one of the Emabassies, where they had taken refuge, awaiting their deportation to Europe when one of the victors strolled in to visit the Ambassador. Meeting on a neutral ground, discussion of the recent political events took place. "My friend", said a state governor to the young visitor now that the only idea all you revolutionaries had in common, which was to depose the legal government, has been accomplished, the next step - 2 - in the proceedings will be for your to quarrel among yourselves" On no indeed. We are going to reconstruct this Country." "I wonder, said the Ambassador, I wonder." What does your Excellency mean?" I believe said the diplomat", a man singularity frank "that the great southern states of S. Psulo, Minas and Rio Grande do Sul will join each other, and fight for the restablishment of a constitutional regime". Now, two years later, the first and part of the second of these prophecies have come true. The rebels havequarreled violently and have split into their component goups. The President, a secretary or two, the mayor of Rio de Janeiro, are about the only civilians laft in office and only because of their close filliation to the dominant military group. The state of S. Paulo, by far the most advanced and most prosperous of the states, which alone furnsihes 70% of the public income of the whole country, has risen in arms and has broadcasted to the four winds of heavan that it even if it has to go ender, it will not lay down its weapons until the Constitution is put into practice and a lwful government is elected in Brazil. How did this Occur? After repeated humiliations S.Paulo deposed the [?] put in by the dictator and elected [?] of its own. Apparently this was accepted, by the provisional government. Soon rumours got about however, that a punitive expedition was preparing to oust the elected officers and put back the revolutionary appointtee. Rather than have its capital invaded and to suffer this further infingement of state rights, So Paulo mobilised its whole populations of men and women and went forward to forestall the invaders at the frountiers. It is now common knowledge that the states of Minas and Rio Grande do Sul, where to have risen with it, but the revolutionnaries in power prevented this. - 3- For ten weeks, S.Paulo has been withstanding single handed, all the onslaughts of the regular army and the levies of volunteers from the drought and famine-stricken states of the northeast. S. Paulo has the war psychology in full. To man of military age is to be found outside the ranks of the "Constitutional army"; Women are taking the place of men and are organisin social service. The great factories of the state are making munitions and guns. A gold campaign, similar to the carried out in Germany, is in full blast and money keeps pouring in. The government has spent hardly any, for rich and poor are contributing lavishly to the carrying out of the "holy war". The strenographer in the governments office, who took dicatation for the decree starting the gold campai, laid a golden bracelet with the fair copy on the table of the secretary of Finance saying, "Here it the first contribution, it is the only jewel I have'. In the city of S. Paulo, that was known for its love of privacy and of seclusion no one has any personal life left; the whole state is one great camp, seething with one idea to restablish lawful government in Brazil. What of the other states? "No smoke without fire", answered a foreign news paper correspondent, whom I asked about news of outbreaks against the revolutionary powers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. They city of Rio de Janeiro is always full rumours of risings, first at frountiers of Argentina, then on the Amazon River in the extreme north of Brazil, now is Minas Geraes, the next most important state after S.Paulo. A few days after these rumours get about, official bulletins are published by the dictatorial government, to the effect that an attempt at "disorder" has been crushed. These bulletins are very similar - 4 - to these published by the last legal government, when the men now in power were fomenting rebellion all over Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro, a spirit totally different to that of S. Paulo reigns. Those who were never in favor of revolution now ask the others if they rember the times, two years ago, when to call a man a "legalist" was almost a term of offense? There are of course some people in favor of the dictatorship, but by far the greatest majority carry on the ther traditions faith fully, and as ever are oppositionsits. In spite of Police Orders to move on, men or women foregather at sheet corners and talk volubly. By their tat expressions, their mysterious leaning forward to whisper in each others ears, by their abundent gesticulation it is more the\an evident that they are plotting and spreading the latest rumours, published in clandestine bulletins. There is a tremendous circulation of type-written, mimeographed or printed matter, denying the governments news, broadecacsting the speeches made by politicians in S. Paulo, and spreading setirical verses against the dictatorship. They delight the hearts of these warm blooded, but indolent and platonic oppositionists. The favourties are comedy poking fun at the dictator an an impassioned oration by one of his former cronies who escaped to S.Paulo dramatically by air plane. Calling upon his own state to redeem the pledge given by its governor, that it would rise with S.Paulo, he ends dramatically with the following words:"It were better that the sea should swallow the state of Rio Grande than that Rio Grande do Sul should go down to history as traitor that has failed to keep its word". But if public opinion is so clamorous, why does the provisional government not leave, and thus carry out the people will? Who knows! The day the civil war [?] out the government published a list of names of citizens appointed to draft a new Constitution for Brasil. - 5 - Among them figured some personal friends of the dictator, General Tasso Fragoso who ended the revolution of October 1930, by deposing the legal government, so that bloodshed might cease a few lieutents, and two women, Miss Bertha Lutz, the feminist leader, absent in America, the inclusion of whose name had been petitioned for form all the states [the whole] of Brazil and a young girl who had helped agitate against the lawful regime. A few days later, the two friends of dictator went over to S. Paulo, the General refused to furnish a plan for the bombardment of open cities in that state and the young woman accepted to be official orator in a Peace Parade, thet the women were prevented from holding by the Police. The committee was never convened. Threats to raze the state of S.Paulo to the ground, alternate with promises to restablish the constitution if arms are deposed. The answer is always the same. Restablish the constitution first and we will disarm next. The word of [os] the dictator has been broken so often, that there is not a cat or [on] a dog who would believe it, to be found in the whole of Brazil. Students [Stundents] parades have [heve] been broke up by cavalry. Women all over the country have implored both sides to cease hostilities. they have tried everything, even to holding religious services, but they have arrived at the church doors to find the temples closed against Peace.- The press in under the srictest censorship. Broadcasts from Sao Paulo are drowned by government-controlled stations placed on the same wave [ware] leughts. S.Paulo is the richest state in the Union, the only [but it] industrial unit of the country but it is cut off from the rest of Brazil, The national government has issued paper money, explaining that it cannot do without the contributions that are no longer coming in from there. One may run all over the city of Rio de Janeiro [if] if one wants to buy a bed or a pair of tennis shoes.The beds - 6 - cost treble, all but out-sizes [autorizes] in tennis shoes have given out. Made in S. Paulo, the tradesmen explain to you.Until the civil war ceases stocks can not be replenished. And when it does ceas, one wonders, will the S.Paulo industry still be the same ? What about foreign goods to substitute them ? Officially the dollar is worth thirteen brazilian mil reis. At any street corner [they] it fetches twenty eight. Under such conditions few imports will come into the country. So far the revolution of October 1930, that was to lead to the construction of a New Brazil, has led only to Civil War. Will it eventually lend back to a lawful regime, [toms] annulling its own existence, or will it lead further to economic ruin, social desintegration and national suicide ? That is the question that torments all Brazil. HIS EXCELLENCY, THE DICTATOR Every fine evening, when the gathering dusk tinges the mountains, the sea and the sky a deeper blue, a stocky and burly little fellow strolls down the Sea-Side avenue, that flanks the bay of Rio de Janeiro, the fair capital of Brazil. Passers by stare at him, as he walks leisurely, with his short arms and fat hands folded on his broad back. A few list their hats; now and then a glance of admiration follows him. More often repulse looks at him out of the eyes of the people in the street. It is said, that one day, a well-dressed woman planted right in his path and addressed him emphatically. "You cold-blooded devil," she said to him, "how can you stroll so calmly down the streets of Rio, while our sons are being murdered at the front?". "Madam" he answered, "do not excite yourself". "Not excite myself, indeed, when owing to your remaining in power long after the nation has manifested its unequivocal desire to be rid of you, the country is now living through the horrors of civil war!" she went on violently, but he merely lifted his hat, smiled serenely and strolled away. Who is he? Getulio Vargas, the Dictator of Brazil. Although defeated as candidate for the Presidency at the last elections, he was lifted to power, when on the pretext of avoiding further bloodshed three generals deposed the legal government who had mobilised the army, against the rebels led by him. Three days later he bowed the generals out courteously and took their place. 2. Thus Getulio Vargas became Chief of the Provisional Government of Brazil. In the course of his career as dictator he has stood many blous. Chief among them, when half his cabinet retired and exposed their motives to the country. They wished to punish a group of young lieutenants and captains who had shot up a news paper for attacking them. The president left their request unanswered. On this account his most important followers then repudiated him in scathing terms and next morning they made a dramatic withdrawal from the government and from Rio by air plane. On that occasion he his stened unmoved to the most violent accusations from his former allies; While they reviled him, he drew a fat cigar from his pocket, bit off the end, spat it on the carpet, shrugged his shoulders, and said only, "Surely, you did not come here to abuse me, who am your friend: A few months ago the population of S. Paulo, unable to bear up any longer under the military dictatorship he had established there, overthrew his appointee, and elected a civilian government. He recognised this but later agreed to help the military governor to prepare an expedition to recover his lost fief. The outcome has been a civil war, which is raging all over Brazil. Some people say he is merely neek. Others, like Jose Neves, formerly one of this greatest friends and now his most unrelenting enemy, call him, "slippery and calculating a man of ice, who never attacks, but always slips out of reach, who does not face his enemy but corrupts or bribes him, who divides, that he may reign". Which os these contradictory opinions is true? 3. What is he really like, this man who always smiles and never speaks? Who has brought to the fore rank of public affairs by President whom he deposed and exiled? What will be the end of his career? With the restablishment of constitutional government or with the total ruin os Brazil? No one can forsee. For the moment the dictator smokes fat cigars, keeps smiling and strolls on the beach. [*Lutz*] MULHER OPINIÃ FEMININA ORGANISADA BOLETIM DA FEDERAÇÃO BRASILEIRA PEL PROGRESSO FEMININO A colaboração feminina na Paz da America A Federação Brasileira pel Progresso Feminino, desejosa de intensificar a colaboração da Mulher na manutenção da Paz realisou no dia Pan Americano um almoço de confraternisação, lançando então um apelo aos Governos e Povos da America para que, nas delegações á Conferencia de Buenos Aires sejam incluidas mulheres delegadas plenipotenciárias. BOLETIM N.º 4 RIO DE JANEIRO ABRIL DE 1936 MULHER OPINIÃO FEMININA ORGANISADA BOLETIM DA FEDERAÇÃO BRASILEIRA PELO PROGRESSO FEMININO Presidente: BERTHA LUTZ Direcção do Boletim: MARIA SABINA ADMINISTRAÇÃO: Olympia de Moraes Victoria, Noemia Esposel Ed. Odeon, Sala 815 P. Marechal Floriano -- Rio de Janeiro Dia Pan-Americano Con grande concurrencia y brillo se realizó el almuerzo organizatio por la Federacion Brasileira por el Progreso Femenino y asociaciones Confederadas para celebrar el Dia Pan Americano y preparar la colaboración de la mujer en la Paz del Nuevo Mundo. Se representaron el sr. ministro de Relaciones Exteriores y la mayor parte de las Embajada y legaciones americanas en Rio de Janeiro, asi como las asociaciones femeninas culterales y sociales. En la mesa que estaba brillantemente ornamentada en naranja y negro, colores de la Federación, se sentaron personalidades que representaban la elite culta y operosa. El almuerzo fué presidido por pa sra. Jeronyma Mesquita, que hace luengos anos milita por la paz y que desempeña el cargo de directora del Departmento de Relaciones Exteriores de la Federación. Tres oradoras se hicieron oir. Las sras. Anna Amelia Carneiro de Mendoça, la dra. Carmen Portinjo y la dra. Bertha Lutz, hablando la primeira en portugues a los brasileiros, la segunda en castellano a los representantes de las republicas latinas y la tercera en ingles a los hijos de las grandes democracias setenrionales. Todas las oradoras pidieron el envio de delegadas pienipotenciarias a la proxima Conferecia de Paz y la creación de un instrumento juridicio de solución de los conflictos internacionales por los recursos colectivos de defensa de la ley. Seguidamente la sra. Dalila Collares Quittete, presidente de la Federación Campista por el Progreso Femenino, saludó los convidados de honor, almirante Protogenes Guimarães y las Secretarias de Estado, de Educación y Trabaje, sras. Ilka Ruas y Lydia de Oliveira, por el nombradas. También usó de la palabra el sr. Carlos Cavaco, representante de las asociaciones cinematographicas que elogió la actuación femenina, donde se destaca [?na] frase que dice: "Solo se asegurará la paz de America y del Mundo quando las asembleas internacionales legislaticas fueren compuestas en su mayoria, de mujeres."-- Sus ultimas palabras que constituyeron en tributo a la grande pacifista brasileira sra. Jeronyma Mesquita, fueron encubiertas por calurosas salvas de palmas. El señor ministro de las Relaciones Exteriores se hizo representar por la consul señora Odette de Carvalho Souza; el señor embajador de los Estados Unidos por el secretario sr. F. C. Fornes y el sr. almirante Protogenes Guimarães, governador del Estado de Rio por el sr. Carlos B. de Lacerda. Comparecieron las sras.: Alfonso Reyes, embajatriz de Mexico, Jeronyma Mesquita, directora del Departmento de Relaciones Exteriores de la Federación Brasileira para el Progresso Remenino e las directoras de los otros departamientos. Dia Pan-Americano Realizou-se, com grande brilho e grande concorrencia, o almoço organizado pela Federação Brasileira pelo Progresso Feminino e associaçōes confederadas para celebrar o Dia Pan-Americano e preparar a collaboração da mulher na Paz do Novo Mundo. Fizeram-se representar o Sr. Ministro das Pelações Exteriores e a [ma?or] parte das Embaixadas e Legações americanas no Rio de Janeiro, bem como associações femeninas culturaes e sociaes. A' mesa, brilhantemente ornamentada em laranja e preto, cõres da Federação, sentaram-se convivas que representavam a elite feminina culta e operosa. Foi presidido o almoço pela Sra. Jeronyma Mesquita, que la longos annos milita pela paz e que occupa o cargo de Directora da Federação. Tres oradoras se fizeram ouvir, as Sras. Anna Amelia Carneiro de Mendonça, a Dra. Carmen Portinho e a Dra. Bertha Lutz, falando a primeira em portuguez aos brasileiros, a segunda em castelhano as republicas americanas e a terceira em inglez aos filhos das grandes democracias septentrionaes. Todas pediram as nomeações de delegadas plenipotenciarias á Conferencia de Pas e creação de um instrumento juridico de solução dos conflictos internacionaes, mantido pelos recursos collectivos de defesa da lei. A seguir a Sra. Dalila Collares Quittete presidente da Federação Campista pelo Progresso Feminino, saudou os convidados de honra, Almirante Protogenes Guimarãres e as Secretarias de Estado, de Educação e Trabalho, Sras. Ilka Ruas e Lydia de Oliveira, que elle nomeou. Usou tambem da palavra o Sr. Carlos Cavaco, representante das associoções cinematographicas, que fez o elogio da actuacão femenina, destacando-se umna phrase sua que diz: "Só se assegurará a Paz da America e do Mundo, quando as assembleas internacionaes legislativas forem compostas na mairoria de mulheres." As suas ultimas palavras que constituiram um tributo á grande pacifista brasileira Sra. Jeronyma Mesquita, foram abafadas por estreptosa salva de palmas." O Sr. Ministro das Relações Exteriores fez-se representar pela Consul Sra. Odette de Carvalho Souza, o Sr. Embaixador dos Estados Unidos pelo Secretario Sr. F. C. Fornes, e o Sr. Almirante Protogenes Guimarães, Governador do Estado do Rio, pelo Sr. Carlos B. de Lacerda. Compareceram as Sras. Alfonso Reyes, Embaixatriz do Mexico, Jeronyma Mesquita, Directora do Departamento de Relações Exteriores da Federação Brasileira pelo Progresso Femenino, Anna Amelia de Queiroz Carneiro de Mendoça, Vice- presidente da Federação Campista pelo Progresso Feminino, Zaira Cintra Vidal, pela Associação Nacional de Entermeiras Diplomadas, Maria de Lourdes Argollo Mello, pela Camara de Commercio e Industria, Isaura Barbosa Lima, Edith Fraenkel, Presidente da S. O. S., Beatriz Pontes de Miranda, Georgina Barbosa Vianna pela União de Funccionarios Publicos Noemia Esposel, Dala Adele de Danforth, Lena Jenkel, Lutz, Maria Eugenia Celso, presidente da União Profissional Feminina Leontina Licinio Cardoso, Consul e Vice-presidente da União de Funccionarias Publicas, Dea Paranhos, Carmen Portinho pela União Universitaria Femenina, Alba Cañizares Nascimento, Marianna Gurjão, Amanda B. FInch, Mary J. Corbett da A. C. F., Anne B. Lous, Edna Rezende pela União Pro Temperança, Sra. Carl Kinkaid Dr. F. L. Soper da Fundação Rockefeller, os Srs. Helenio de Moura e Carlos Cavaco pelas Associações Cinematographicas e outras pessoas gradas. Pan-American Day On April the th, the Braziliam Federation for the Advancement of Women and the Confederated Associations of Women of Brazil help a loncheon, to commemorate Pan American Day and principally to offer the collaboration of women to the Peace Conference which will be held soon at Buenos Aires, according to the proposal of the president of the United States of America and the invitation issued by the Argentinian Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Chancellor, Saavedra Lamas. The Brazilian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Ambassador José Carlos de Macedo Soares, was represented by Miss Odette Carvalho e Souza, who is a consul herself. The government of the state of Rio de Janeiro was also represented, as well as most of the American Embassies and Legations at Rio. The most important associations of women, such as the Union of University Women, the Women's Club of Rio de Janeiro, the Union of Professional Women, the Union of Women Public Officials, the S. O. S. (Social Service Society), the National Association of Trained Nurses, the Temperance Union, the Y. W. C. A. The Brazilian Chamber of Commerce, the Syndicate of Brazilians Film Producers and the Radio Confederation, were also present, as well as many other distinguished persons. Speeches were made by dr. Bertha Lutz, President of the Federation, in english, dr. Carmen Portinho, civil engimeer and President of the University Womens Union, in spanish, and Mrs. Anna Amelia Carneiro de Mendonça. President ent at large of the Federation, in portuguesse. They all asked that a juridical instrument providing for the legal solution of international disputes be created and the pooling of resources for law enforcement and defense be begun at the Buenos Aires Conference. also that women be included among the plenipotentiary delegates, by all nations. A man dr. Carlos Cavaco, also spoke, on behalf of the Film Industry of Brazil and voiced the opinion that the only way to impose Peace between nations was to appoint only women delegates. Messages were drawn up and sent to the President of Brazil and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, urging the appointment of women delegates. Similar messages to the english speaking democracies and the spanish republics of the New World, were included in the speeches mentioned above. The luncheon was presided by Mrs. Jeronyma Mesquita, director of the Departament of Peace and Foreign Relations of the Brazilian Federation for the Advancement of Women. The table was beautifully ornamented, with orange colored flowers and candies, in the colors of the Federation, which are orange and black. The luncheon was organised by Mrs. Diva de Miranda Moura and Miss Noemia Esposel, director of the Finance Department and Liaison Secretary, with the help of Miss Georgina Barbosa Vianna, director of Interior Relations, Mrs. Olympia de Moraes Victoria, Social Secretary, and Mrs. Amanda Finch, Corresponding Secretary. In spite of the extremely bad weather the luncheon was a great success. Broadcasts were made and films taken for the news reels. ABRIL DE 1936 2 A las Mujeres, Gobiernos e Gentes de America Latina La Federacion brasilera por el Progreso Femenino y Asociaciones Femeninas Confederadas, reunida en un almuerzo commemorativo, en el dia de America, envian fraternal saludo a las naciones americanas en esta fiesta tan significativa para las gentes de este continente. Debe reunirse brevemente en Buenos Aires la Conferencia Americana de Paz. Será una ocasión magnifica para integrar la mujer en su verdadeiro papel de pacificadora. Asi, lanzamos un vehemente apelo a los gobiernos americanos que se harán representar afin de que evien para ese cónclave en el que deben ser ventilados asuntos tan transcendentes para el futuro de America, delegaciones en las cuales sean incluidas mujeres como delegadas plenipotenciarias, de acuerdo con las resoluciones adoptadas en la Conferencia de Montevideo en 1933. Apelamos tambien junto a los gobiernos de America afin de que en la referida Conferencia de Buenos Aires sea creado un instrumento juridico capaz de mantener la paz en nuestro continente, asi como tambien um pacto de No Agresión, Asisrencia Mututa y Amistad, con sanciones colectivas para los paises agresores. Pedimos tambien a las asociaciones demeninas y a todas las mujeres de America que intercedan con los respectivos gobiernos afin de que sea asegurada la colaboración femenina en la Conferencia Americana de Paz. En esta hora de tan angustiosas incertezas para el munod, ed que los derechos humanos no son respetados y la fuerza constituye el supremo argumento, hacemos los mas fervientes votos por los resultados de la futura Conferencia Americana de Paz, con la seguridad de que, de esa reunión el la cual serán representadas las corrientes de progreso y cultura de los diferentes paises americanos con la colaboración eficiente y sensata de al mujer, surgirá el grandioso monumento de la Paz Americana que irradiará su benefica influencia em pró de la Paz Universal. Por la Ley de la Paz Dra. CARMEN PORTINHO "Hace poco mas de dos años andaba yo por Montevideo asistiendo a la VII Conferencia Internacional Americana. Y, justamente por esa ocasion Bolivia y el Paraguay estaban en plena guerra. Los hijos de un y otro pais matavanse mutuamente. Llegaba yo del Brasil, nacion neutra, en que la diferencia del idiona, la distancia territorial e la resolucion de sus propios problemas no le permitian ver la guerra tan de cerca, pero yo, nacida en el Brasil, en la frontera con Bolivia e hija de madre boliviana, senia la guerra no solo con la razón, pero tabeien con el corazón. Y per eso fui a la Conferencia de Montevideo llena de esperanzas y creyendo em la paz tan deseada. Al llegar, me di cuenta luego del interese del pueblo urnguayo por la lucha de los dos paises sud americanos. En las lucha de los dos paises sud americanos. En las calles los canilitas proclamavam en grandes gritos, los resultados de las ultimas batallas y el pueblo se agiomerava alrededor de los carteles de los diarios de mayor circularcion. Las noticias que venias de los campos de ducha eran las peores posibles. Y fué en este ahbiente de horror por la guerra, de ansia por la paz que se inauguró la 7a Conferencia Internacional Americana. Reuniones diarias de las comisiones. Problemas [?y] questiones dificiles de seren resolvidas tomavam diariamente el tiempo precioso de los señores vendedores de periodicos anunciaban las ultimas victorias, los ultimos combates, el total de presioneros. Y la Conferencia continuava ... y mi ideal de paz a los pocos se desvanecia. Finalmente se clausuran los trabajos, pero la guerra seguio, hasta que um hombre, hijo de aquel mismo pais de donde yo habia salido tan llena de esperanzas por una paz promettida, en un gesto de feliz diplomacia, ayudada por una estrella ciertamente venturosa, consiguio poner un punto final en esa guerra aperentemente interminable. Otra Conferencia Internacional Americana ya se anuncia y pronto de realizara en Buenos Aires. Conferencia convocada unicamente con el proposito de garantizar la paz entre sos paises del Nuevo Continente. El momento es oportuno, pues la paz reina en America. Todavia, se me pafigura mui dificil a terea de los congresistas en esta prosima Conferencia y aun que no creiendo en la eficacia de estas reuniones de un modo general, mi espiritu pacifista una vez mas se llena de esperanzas. E por eso aprovechamendo esta reunião comemorativa de una fecha tan auspiciosa para America me permito recordar a los que van a representar las naciones americanas en ese certamen la conveniencia, sinó la necesidad de provomer junto a los gobiernos de sus respectivos paises, la paricipacion oficial de la mujer, con poderes plenipotenciarios. Yo os aseguro que pacifistas como solo pueden ser las mujeres, contribuiran ellas enormemente, en esa Asamblea, para que se llegue a un resultado practico y eficaz, colaborando y trabajando que garantise la paz en el Nuevo Mundo. Y asi, quien sabe, hombres e mujeres puenden convertir en realidad el deseo, de Paz, Amistad y Cooperacion formulado por todos los hijos [?e] America. Y asi, quien sabe, la "Ley de la Paz" promulgada por Jamea Brown Scott como la ley suprema de Amerixa pueda ser un dia la sana y sabia doctrina del Derecho Internacional Americano." Quer olhar para seus filhos com tranquillidade? Faça o seguro da sua vida na A São Paulo COMPANHIA NACIONAL DE SEGUROS DE VIDA RUA 14 NOVEMBRO, 50 -- São Paulo SUCCURSAES: RIO DE JANEIRO-- Avenida Rio Branco, 131-1.° PARANÁ-- Rua 15 de Novembro, 225-- CURITYBA RIO GRANDE DO SUL-- RUa dos Andradas, 1259-- PORTO ALEGRE BAHIA-- Rua São João, 20 -- BAHIA PERNAMBUCO-- Rua Joaquim Travora, 61-1.° e 2.° -- RECIFE AGENCIA: Praça Ruy Barbosa, 27 -- SANTOS 3 ABRIL DE 1936 To the Women, Governments, and Peoples of North America The Brazilian Federation for the Advancement of Women and the Confederated Associations of Women of Brazil, gathered around a table, at Rio de Janeiro, to commemorate Pan-American Day by a simple meal of Peace, Send greetings to the great northern democracies of America and the peoples dwelling in the northern lands of the New World. We congratulate the United States of American and their President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, worthy scion of a race of pioneer statesmen, for calling the Pan American Conference of Peace, soon to be held at Buenos Aires. We pay tribute to the memory of a great American, who long dwelt in our midst; who was ever an apostle of progress, a living symbol of American Peace: the Hon. Edwin V. Morgan, late U. S. A. Ambassador to Brazil. We look toward his successor, in the confident hope that friendship between our countries will flourish on under the auspices of Ambassador the Hon. Hugh Gibson. To Canada, one of the most peaceful of American nations, we send a warm message of friendship. May she be present at our continental gatherings and may she, in the not too distant future, serve as a link between the already existing Pax Americana and Pax Britannica and through the British Commonwealth of Nations with the really peace abiding countries of the Old World. Women are ever lovers of peace for they are mothers; as emancipated and conscientious citizens, they know that war puts civilization at stake. And thus, we, women of America, call upon you, men of America, to create an effective and workable instrument for the lawful solution of international conflict and for the pooling of all our resources of progress and defence so as to uphold, and enforce our Covenant. We call upon you to admit us to the Peace Conference that you have called and allow us to create and environment of mutual understanding and friendship that will banish all thoughts of strife. We, women of Brazil, especially, who presented the resolution voted by the last Pan American Conference held at Montevideo in 1933, asking that women be included in the delegations to all future conferences; we brazilian women, whose country repudiates all wars of conquest in her Constitution and therein accepts arbitration as the lawful solution for external conflict; We call upon you, peoples of the North, who have one hundred years, tradition of peace. We call especially on you, women of the U. S. A., whose leader, Carrie Chapman Catt, is ever at the vanguard of the movement to outlaw war; whose country has repeatedly reaffirmed her unwarlike intentions by calling Conferences of Peace; We call upon you, your government and your nation, to collaborate with us and all peace minded people in the New World; To include women plenipotentiaries in your delegation. To make war impossible in this continent. To ensure the perpetual maintenance of Peace and Justice in the Western Hemisphere. Palavra Feminina, Palavra de Paz Anna Amelia Carneiro de Mendonca "No tumulto, deste momento internacional, quando os ruídos da guerra, o vozerio dos protestos, a algazarra das propagandas doutrinarias, a queixa dos opprimidos, o alarido dos poderosos se misturam, se confundem, se amalgamam num so clamor violento de paixões, a palavra moca dos povos da America e neste dia uma afirmação de generoso espirito pacifista e uma promessa serena de perfeita confraternização continental - ensinamento e exemplo para o mundo. A Federação Brasileira pelo Progresso Feminino, representante do feminismo organizado em todo o Brasil se faz propagandista de um entendimento definitivo entre todas as nações do mundo novo, entendimento de alma e de espirito, fundamentado em cooperação educacional e scientifica, em intercambio de cultura e de sentimento, pelo qual se entrelacem cada vez mais os destinos de povos que nasceram irmãos. E' com vivo e generoso ergulho que reconhecemos na tradição historica da nossa diplomacia, como na politica internacional praticada pelos homens de hontem e intensificada pelo governo de hoje, o sentido in inconfundivel de uma verdadeira orientação para a paz. Assum, congratulando-nos com o governo do nosso paiz e com os representantes dos paizes americanos que nos trazem o prestigio da sua presença na auspiciosa data que celebramos hoje, pela Conferencia Americana de Paz que será realizada proximamente em Buenos Aires, queremos propor aqui, cheias de confiança no proposito superior que o Brasil tome, então, a iniciativa de apresentar o projecto da criação de um instrumento juridico, cuja efficiencia seja capaz de assegurar, como um patrimonio permanente, a verdadeira paz americana. Baseando-ns nos ensinamentos do espelho de Genebra, devemos promover uma cooperação americana menos por representações de nacionalidades reunidas para focilizar problemas cujos debates possam difficultar o espirito de confraternização, do que por institutos funccionaes diversos, congregando as forças vivas que em todos os paizes militam pelo desenvolvimento da sciencia, pela disseminação da cultura, pela educação de povo, pelo progresso social, pelo bem estar da humanidade. Assim, appellamos para o Governo do Brasil, afim de que nessa conferencia se reunam os elementos e as instituições mais representativos de nossa civilização em todos os dominios do progresso humano. E appellamos ainda, com especial empenho para que á mulher brasileira pacifista por indole e por convicção, integrada na sua nova expressão civica, possuindo expoente de cultura social e juridica, tendo demonstrado já a sua capacidade no exercicio de altos cargos, como por exempio na Commissão e na ultima Conferencia Internacional Americana, seja dad participação plenipotenciaria na delegação que representará o nosso paiz nessa proxima conferencia continental. A palavra de mulher será sempre uma palavra de fraternidade. E os homens da America, que têm a coragem do pacifismo neste momento de inquietação universal, sentir-se-hão mais fortes vendo que as timidas companheiras de hontem deixam o conforto do lar para estenderem a mãos as mulheres de todo o continente, numa cadeia de paz que terá um élo em cada lar. A mulher brasileira faz votos para que, pela collaboração dos governors, das forças de cultura, dos elementos de progresso de todos os povos americanos, seja lançada em Buenos Aires a semente fecunda da definitiva Paz Americana, e para que essa plante forte, desenvolvida ao sol do continente novo, cultivada pelas mãos fraternas de homens e mulheres da America possa abrir a fronde sobre todos os mares e espleder um dia na floaração da paz universal." [footer] ABRIL DE 1936 4 ———————————————————————————— Pax-Americana-Pax Mundi BERTHA LUTZ We are living through a moment in the history of our species which is like a distressing note of interrogation. All human beings who have outgrown personal, local and immediate interests must ask themselves whither we go. Lurid clouds gather, ever more somberly, over the Old World. The imprecations of Violence and Unlawfulness grow louder and stronger, like the dread, subterranean, rumblings that presage earthquakes. The people of Europe, irrespective of nationality, are divided into horizontal, ideological, groups. Some are becoming increasingly unwilling to resort to war, for they have conquered the brute instincts that lust to kill and possess. Others, however, defy all standards of integrity and proclaim, brazenly, that Might is the only Right. What will be the outcome of it all? Emancipated thinkers, like H. G. Wells, tell us that Education is running a race with Catastrophe and that Catastrophe is likely to win. Experienced statesmen, like Stanley Baldwin, inform us that war will lead to the overthrow of all European governments as the protest of the simple man against wickedness in high places and that it will eventually spell revolution. And yet, the facts seem to warn us that pacifist inhibitions in the face of armed aggression may lead to the enslavement of dreamers and the massacre of innocents. Let us be thankful that we live in the New World. Presently, grave burdens may fall on our shoulders if the responsibility for the upkeep of civilization should devolve upon us. It will be harrowing to stand aside and watch Europe sinking into chaos but our foremost duty lies close at hand. And while we can do it, it is incumbent upon us to build lasting Peace in America; to unfurl the banner of Human Kinship and Amity in the gentler breezes that blow from the West. It is very significant that history should repeat itself, for it was also an American President who called the European Conference of Peace. Are you dismayed by this reference to European politics, at a moment when Europe seems to threaten the Peace of the World and the future of Civilization? I make it on purpose. The League of Nations seems but a fragile flame, likely to be extinguished by the stifling atmosphere that envelops it, and yet it is a flame of peace. The Anglo Saxons, Britishers and Americans, who idealism brought it into being, sit patiently by it, to protect and foster it. God grant that they may keep it burning! God give them courage and vision, for they may stand in sore need of them yet. We, of the New World, must light a stronger beacon. We may feed it on Western culture but we must not stifle it with inherited hate. To those who observe her superficially, America, especially South America, seems like a needle, oscillating crazily, in the magnetic field of foreign doctrines; fascist and bolchevist. These oscillations do not go all the way through. Beneath them rests the quiet assurance of destiny, understood and accepted. The New World knows full well that a noble task awaits her, that of writing the first page, in the first volume, of the history of true civilization: Pax Americana will be its title, and its function to serve as Preface to World Peace. But how shall we accomplish this, without blotting, without erasing, without those broken promises and repudiated obligations that disfigure the fair surface of the preliminary efforts towards peaceful civilization, loosely strung together under the caption "League of Nations?" If we would succeed, we must be careful to approach our problem serenely, objectively and scientifically. Biology teaches us the psychologically correct procedure for establishing peaceful continental and cosmopolitan relationships. Science observes and applies the fruits of observation. She classifies by coordinating the characters that are similar and those that are different. We must select the factors that unify, if we want peace. Those that sunder are unsuitable for building lasting friendship. The League of Nations tried to gather in amity peoples who had no mutual understanding and no tradition of friendship; who were as the fragments of a mosaic pattern of loud colours and misfitting shapes. All through the centuries, the pieces that compose it had been, alternatively, flung together and scattered by warrior-chiefs. No wonder that they have become like some stained-glass windows, hastily taken down lest Cromwell and his Ironsides destroy them, and which could never again be properly assembled. The political mosaic of Europe is unwilling to mould itself into a pattern of peace. Had the European Peace Conference been less passionate and more scientific; had it not yet tried to knit so closely traditional enemies, whose inclinations lead them apart; had it limited itself to creating an International Court of Justice, the dislikes and differences might have proved less difficult to deal with. There is something about the somber halls of a Court dedicated to the impartial and implacable application of Law and Equity, by austere and dignified magistrates, that checks illegal impulses and silences braggarts, especially if it may invoke the action of an international police. At any rate, Dame Politics and her confidante, Hotel Diplomacy, would find them an unfruitful field for intrigue. But will the study of European policy help us in the building up of American Peace? It will teach us at least to look for a logical foundation. Does such a logical foundation exist? Indeed it does. The American Nations have much in common; not only their problems and solutions, but also their origin and destiny. They were all born as colonies and became emancipated on coming of age; they are all progressing, while many European regions are showing symptoms of regressive evolution and decay. Canada alone has not severed connections with the mother country, but then why should she? She can develop her own personality without disavowing her kinship. In fact she can do [??] [advertisement SEGUROOS DE VIDA NA "A SÃO PAULO" Comp. Nac. de Seguros de Vida AVENIDA RIO BRANCO, 131 — Rio de Janeiro. RUA 15 DE NOVEMBRO, 50 — São Paulo.] 5 ABRIL DE 1936 Para o Governo, a Mulher e o Povo Brasileiros A Federação Brasileira pelo Progresso Feminino e associações confederadas, reunidas em um almoço commemorativo do "Dia Pan-Americano", realisado no Rio de Janeiro, pedem venia para dirigir-se ao Chefe do Governo Brasileiro, Presidente Getulio Vargas, e a seu illustre Chanceller, Ministro Macedo Soares, tranzendo-lhes uma saudação cordial, por motivo desta data, altamente auspiciosa para a paz da America. E' com vivio e generoso orgulho que as mulheres brasileiras reconhecem, tanto na tradição historica de nossa dipolomacia como na politica internacional praticada pelos homens de hontem e intensificada pelo Governo de hoje, o sentido inconfundivel da confraternisação continental. Assim, congratulando-se com VV. EEx. pela proxima realisação da Conferencia Americana de Paz, que terá logae em Buenos Aires, tomam hoje a iniciativa de suggerir que, nessa Conferencia, se congreguem os elementos e instituções mais representativas de cada povo, em todos os dominios do progresso humano, e appellam, procipalmente, com ardor de pacifistas por indole e convivção, como são todsa as brasileiras, para que á Mulher do Brasil, integrada ma nova expressào civica, possuindo expoentes de cultura social e mesmo juridica, teno demonstrado ja sua capacidade nos altos cargos povos do Continente Americano a palavra fraterna de nosso grande Paiz. Appellam egualmente para que o Brasil, cuja Constituição é a unica do mundo que prohibe as guerras de conquista, tome a iniciativa de concretisar os resultados da Conferencia em um instrumento juridico capaz de garantir efficazmente a Paz Continental. Formulam os melhores votos para que, pela cooperação dos governos, das forças de cultura e de progresso, pela collaboração dos dois sexos, seja lançada, em Buenos Aires, a pedra fundamental da verdadeira PAX AMERICANA. ———————————————————————————— better for it. By joining interamerican agreements, she can strengthen and tighten ilnk between Pax Americana and Pax Britannica, which already exists, and the emblem of whose union is that undefended frontier that stretches between Canada and the U.S.A., from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Through the British Commonwealth of Nations the other countries of Old World, that are really inclined toward peace and willing to incur the obligations that it envolves, might gradually be drawn toward these living nuclei of World Peace. Public affairs and government do not, however, exhaust our reserves of peace. There are other forces that make for union beside these. For what is progress, but freeing from ignorance, fear and greed? In every corner of America, as in every country of the World, there are educated men and women, who have outgrown the predatory instincts of the nomad and the peasants, greed. They are scientists, technicians, social workers, students of economics and sociologists; they are teachers and priests. They have banded together in institutions of research and learning, in colleges and schools; in all sorts of public and private agencies for social betterment and relief. It is true that these men and women are often timid and that they are mostly specialists; but they are intelligent, they are disinterested and they are honest; they are used to working together for the public weal. Their personalities and their training make them eminently suitable for collaborating in continental and cosmopolitan relationships. One, above all others, must interest us, who are women, and that is Woman herself. By nature she is non-aggressive and motherhood makes her a lover of peace; to her, war means nought but infinite suffering for the flesh of her flesh. A few decades ago she was imprisoned within the narrow boundaries of her home. Now she has already built up a monopoly of the voluntary welfare work of Argentina. Her brain has been irrigated by culture for only a few years, yet she drafts state constitutions in Brazil. She sits in the American Cabinet and is perhaps the member whose decisions are least often cancelled by the Supreme Court. The constitutions of the United States of America, of the United States of Brazil, and of some of the other American Republics grant women full citizenship. The Seventh International American Conference of Governments voted a resolution, presented by me on behalf of the Brazilian Delegation, expressing the hope that at all future Conferences, Women would be included among the plenipotentiary delegates. The peoples of the New World stand on the threshold of their destiny. Some one must take the lead: Let it be Brazil, whose constitution forbids her going to war for conquest and who accepts the principle of arbitration, that is of lawful solution for international disputes. Let it be America, whose government is surrounded by that much abused and criticised Brain Trust, which is the forerunner of scientific administration. Let it be Argentina, who will be our host. Let it be any, or all, of these other Republics, who are looking forward and not looking back; who have granted citizenship to their women, or voted, at Montevideo, to have them on the International Parliament of the New World. If at the Buenos Aires Conference an effective juridical intrument, providing for the legal solution ot international conflicts and the pooling of all resources of law-enforcement and defense is created; If economic barriers are lessened of lifted; If the different functional groups of educated men and women are called upon to help, if their institutions of learning, their higher standards of culture and cooperation, their agencies of popular education and social relief are provided with continental, opportunity for growth and action; If women are given participation in the building and spreading of living concepts of International Law and Equity, to replace defunct, metaphysical, dogmas of Sovereignty; If all these things are done: Then the Buenos Aires Conference will bring to birth Pax Americana and in the fullness of time, Pax Americana will bring forth Pax Mundi, the Peace of the World. Embaixador Morgan A mulher brasileira homenageia [?] memoria A 16 de abril transcorreu o 2.° anniversairo da morte do grande amigo do Brasil e do progresso humano, social e pacific, embaixador Edwin V. Morgan. As associações femininas confederadas, que nelle tinham um sympathisante enthusiasta e esclarecido, enviaram uma commissão de senhoras a Petropolis para visitar a sua sepultura e nella depor uma corôa de flores. Essa commissão [fico?] composta assim: Bertha Lutz, Jeronyma Mesquita, Diva de Miranda Moura e Georgina Barbosa Vianna, respectivamente: Presidente, Directora de Relações Exteriores, Directora de Finanças e Directora de Relações Interiores da Federação Brasileira pelo Progresso Feminino. ABRIL DE 1936 6 ——————————————————————————————————— THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION WOMAN AT THE CONFERENCE IN SAN FRANCISCO Report by Bertha Lutz Delegate from Brazil There were relatively very few women at the San Francisco Conference; as compared to men, they made up about one and a half percent of the delegations. Canada, the U.S.A. Santo Domingo, Brasil, Uruguay and China had women delegates. There were two from Britain, but they were alternates to the four principal delegates, Mexico, Venezuela, Australia and Norway sent women advisors. There were a few women in the Press Service and other auxiliary posts in the delegations of France, Equador and Iran. There were many women clerks present. The delegates, alternates and advisors were the only ones who could take part in the meetings. The women present were: Delegates: Mrs Cora Cannalman, M.P. Canada. Daan Virginia Gildersleeve, U.S.A. Miss Minerva Bernardino, President of the Interamerican Commission of Women, Santo Domingo; Dr. Bertha Lutz, Brasil. Senator Isabel Vidal, Uruguay; Dr. Wu-yi-fang, China, Miss Florence Horsbrugh and Miss Ellen Wilkinson M.P., Britain (alternates). The advisors were: sra Amalia Ledon and sra Obbegon Pantacilla, Mexico; sra Isabel Urdaneta and one other from Venezuela; Mrs Jessie Street, Australia, Mrs Assa Skard, Norway. Brasil put her woman delegate in the Committee that had to deal with the organs. Entrance Withdrawl and expulsion; Amendments and Revision, and in that on Soical and Economic Cooperation. The Uruguayan Senator sat on the same committees; Miss Horsbrugh was on that on the General Assembly. The writer does not know on what committee Miss Wilkinson sat. The others were all on the Committee on Social and Economic Cooperation, precisely where you would expect men to put women delegates. Dr. Lutz and Miss Horsbrugh took an active part in the work of their committees. Miss Wilkinson and Mrs Casselman, and a little later Miss Horsbrugh, left to attend to their re-election. Miss Wilkinson is now a cabinet minister; the other two ladies lost their seats. Mrs. Skard, for reasons of health, left early aleo and so didale zobar Senator Isabel Vidal, who was under the great disability of not speaking English. On the initiative of Brasil and with the collaboration of the Australian advisor and the other Latin American women a meeting was held and a number of measures were agreed upon to be presented tas amendments to the Charter. All the delegates were invited, as also the advisors and the representatives of the associations called in as consultants by the U.S. government and the two ladies in charge of the Consultant's Longge. The latter were former Ambassador Ruth Bryan Own Rohde and dr. Emily Hickman. The associations called in were the General Federation of Women's Clubs the Federation of Business and Professional Womens Clubs; the Federation of University Women and the League of Women Voters. The French women were also present. The United Nations Conference On International Organization 2 associations of women The American and Canadian woman wished to repeat the article put into the Covenant of the League of Nations whereby women could occupy any position in the Secretariat. The Latin American and Australian women wanted a more general statement, including all positions of any kind, meaning those of plenipotentiary delegates as well as jobs. They also wanted a general statement recognising full of equality of men and women before the law. This group was headed by the Brazilian Delegate. The women delegates from the United States and Britain took the view that it was unnecessary- even undignified- for women to claim rights for themselves and that their presence at the Conference was proof positive that women were already in full status in the organisation. The Canadian woman did not quite share that view as there were so few women present at the Conference as delegates. The American delegate took the [view] stand [right through]- that she was not there as a woman but as an expert..The British women maintained that as they were Ministers women had no further vindications in Britain. This [point of view] [sla??????] was not born out by the letter received by the Brazilian Ambassador in London and forwarded to the Brazilian Delegate to the effect that women did have vindications in the Charter. It was impossible to make the women delegates from the great aEnglish speaking 2/war leading democracies see that there were women in other countries[- not necessarily in South America, which had contributed two women legislators to the Conference-) where women had no rights. The Chinese woman followed the lead of the other women powers and contributed nothing whatsoever to the work done by the other women None of the women delegates from the three sponsoring powers came to any of the meetings they were invited to. Russia brought no women and alleged that the trip over the polar regions was too strenuous for them...The same allegation was made by every country which on [their] its delegation, mutatis mutandis of course as to the part of the globe to be flown over. With the help of the representative of the Business and Professiona Women, the Dr. Margaret Hickey, the amendments prepared by the Brazilian delegate, with some help from the Australian, Dominican and Mexican women, were re-written. Of the delegations, only Brasil, Uruguay, Santo Domingo and Mexico were the ones willing to introduce this matter as amendments. There were general declarations as to the fundamental rights of all human beings, regardless of race, sex or creed. The main article was one which said : " Representation and participation in the Organisation shall be open to men and women under equal conditions." This was to cover the whole organisation. Uruguay presented it as an amendment to the Chapter dealing with Organs, Brazil, Mexico and S. Domingo to that on eneral Assembly, to be made into a separate section, covering all the foregoing matter. As a precaution the repetition of the article in the Secretariat allowing women to occupy any paid job was put in also. As was found out later, the American and British delegates opposed all these proposals. The women's organisations of the United States at first only backed the one on the Secretariat. This was presented by Canada also. Later, at the request o the Brazilian Delegate, the four associations mentioned above, or their Board members present in San Francisco, backed all the Latin-American aemdnments, in fulfilment of the agreement which the Latin American women understood these associations to have entered upon. The United Nations Conference On International Organization 3. Of the sponsoring Powers- otherwise the big Five- only Russia showed decided good-will towards the women's amendments. In accordance with their usual practice, when they decided to adopt amendments, the Power re-drafted the general one, after Russia had insisted on its adoption and this they went in without much difficulty. After the British women went home, the British men, who had first opposed us, came round and became quite cooperative. The Amercan women's associations appear to have had a long struggle with their delegation, especially with the woman delegate to obtain first abstention from opposing the amendments and finally a rather unwilling acquiescence. China, as usual followed the American lead. France on the other hand stood by Russia and was quite helpful. the other countries, especially the Dominions of Australia and New Zealand and some of the Latin American countries helped to get the amendments through. The Premier of New Zealand, the delegations of Russia Byelorussia and Ukraine were also helpful in obtaining the passage of the major amendment. Of the small countries only Belgium tried to vote against it. There was a certain amount of interference with the drafting. Canada insisted on the negative form, on the allegation, quickly accepted by the men from some [?] countries, that the Organisation should not dictate to [countries] [?] and so should limit itself to explaining that it would put no restrictions on the participation of men and women in any capacity under conditions of equality. The drafting rapidly disimproved under the multiple suggestions of the different delegations and was finally putt through in a rather unsatisfactory form, owing to the indecent haste which was forced on the work of the Conference. During the debates in the Committee it became increasingly evident in the majoirty of the countries present the men had reached a stage when they were anxious to grant rights to women and to have their cooperation. Among such countries I would mention those of the Middle East. Of the Europeans, besides those mentioned above, only Norway and Holland were helpful, but none opposed, strenuously. Cuba was very helpful to the Latin American women. The amendment about the posts in the secretariat was considered superfluous by the majority of the jurists in the committee. As Britain and the U.S.A. had repeatedly assured us that they would back that amendment and t that that amendment was really all we wished for- the defense was left by the women delegates to those countries. There was no defense and the amendment was dropped. Outside the committee there was some attempt to delay the amendments in the Committee of Coordination and to re draft everything under the allegation that the drafting was poor. This was evidently not the opinion of the Committee of Jurists set up by the great Powers, since they attempted to restablish the women's original text. They also were defeated in this. In the plenary session to the Premier of New Zealand and one of the French Delegates praised the amendments and the work of the women delegates especially the Latin American ones. The Head of the South African Delegation (Field Marshall Smuts) put [in] a declaration to the effect that men and women had equal rights, into the Preamble. Subsequently Brasil made a declaration, through her woman delegate, asking that a special Committee of Women be created to study the legal status of Women. In the speech presenting it, the Brazilian woman delegate explained that there was no hostility to men in this declaration but that it merely *depend* on onerous and unpaid work, it was only fair that they should it them-selves. She exemplified with discriminations against women everywhere but as the [med] no countries the axis one, [? ? ?] been preceded by the elimination of women from almost every sphere of influence and activit. The American woman delegate had a speech read by a proxy asking for the establishment of the old [eague] Commission. This Brazil refused to agree to as there were only two women on it. The American delegate should have noticed by then that the Russia was averse to the revival of any oran of the ancient [eague]. China wanted traffic in women and children included [w] requested by Brasil agreed to have an addition to the effect that existing Com-missions of Women should be invited to cooperate. This means that there is desire to work with the Interamerican Commission of Women and to create s-imilar present at the Conference. There were 34 speeches in_favour of the Brazilian [Delegation]. Almost every man delegate made one. [ritian] suggested that the American proposal be supported also, but that was impossible as they are mutually exclusive. Russia was very hostiled to the revival of the old Commission, which the Latin American women and the Australian do not wish to see resurrected either. These are the principal events as regards women.The amendments obtain can be found in the Charter. The principal one is that which now comprises article S. The Brazilian Declaration can be found in the minutes of the Committee on Social and Economic Cooperation. From the observations made during the conference the writer of this re-port takes the following conclusions: 1.There is a great current of conservation among the women of the United States and perhaps among some of the British women. The division of [opinion] as to the Equal rights amendment patronised by the National Woman's Party whose methods are less acceptable than their ideas,spills over into the international movement and causes great difficulties for the women from other countries [?] international conference. 2.The women of the Latin American republics seemed much more [progressive] than those of countries where the vote has been granted long ago .The wo-men from the dominions are probably a progressive too. 3.The men from almost every country seemed eager to have women's cooperation, to grant them rights and to show their apprecaition of women's col-laoration in winning the war. 4.Brasil hopes to see the Committee set up and to have [Commissionssi] simil-lar to the Interamerican Commission of Women set up in the different parts of the world.She hopes that great discrimination *care* be used *taken* in the choice of women officials and delegates and feels that the women's movement is in need of new ideas based on the economic independence of women. *? ?* *? august 11, 1945 near ? N.Y* Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.