[*NAWSA Subject File Nevada Suffrage Assocs.*] [*[Nell]*] OUT WEST Where Nature Helps Industry Most AUGUST 1914 Nevada Suffrage Campaign Edition NEVADA NEXT! Map of United States Showing Woman's Suffrage Conditions. White States - Full Suffrage Shaded States - Partial Suffrage Dark States - No Suffrage Votes For Nevada Women, November 3, 1914 SPECIALLY WRITTEN SUFFRAGE ARTICLES BY Jane Addams Mrs. Charlotte Perkins Gilman Sara Bard Field Mrs Carrie Chapman Catt Inez Haynes Gillmore Mrs. Mary Roberts Coolidge Gail Laughlin Mary Austin and Anne Martin Dr. Anna Howard Shaw [*DUTTON*] OUT WEST ADVERTISING SECTION $25.00 Lake Tahoe and "Back" $15.00 SIDE TRIP From Southern California Points West from Truckee - Stopovers of and including Redlands allowed on all rail and Pullman tickets through ON SALE Truckee. DAILY UNTIL OCTOBER 15 Return Limit October 31, 1914 Stopovers at Santa Barbar, Paso Robles, Hot Springs, Del Monte Junction, Santa Cruz, San Francisco, Oakland Mereed, Stockton, Sacramento, Auburn and points East. An Ideal Resort Where You Can Find Anything from "roughing It" to Luxury. Camps and Hotels Advantageously Situated All Around the Lake. Fine Trout Fishing - Boating - Tramping - Mountain Climbing - Hunting. There is no better place to spend your vacation, whether it be days, weeks or months. The altitude, clear, bracing mountain air and exercise will give you an appetite and make you sleep and you will return to your work with 100 per cent efficiency. Los Angeles Offices 212 West 7th Street Phones 10171 Main 8322 STATION: Fifth and Central South Pacific OUT WEST ADVERTISING SECTION Los Angeles, Cal., July 22, 1914. Publisher of "Out West," Los Angeles, Cal. Dear Sir: - -I have noticed with keen pleasure the attitude of "Out West" relating to "California Dry." Its publication of the article by Senator William E. Brown is a distinct advance in Journalism, and, in view of the general attitude of the newspapers of the State, undoubtedly required courage of a high order in its publishers. I desire to advise all firends of the "California Dry" movement to boost this magazine, not only by subscribing for it, but by filling its advertising columns with orders. You are at liberty to publish this letter. I also advise you that the "California Dry" Federation, at the last regular meeting of its State Consolidated, Executive and Financial committee, passed a resolution warmly commending this magazine and requesting the support of its members. I understand there will be an article on the "dry" subject each month until November. The magazine is well worth the price regardless of its policies. S. W. Odell, President of the "California Dry" Federation. Date OUT WEST MAGAZINE 546 S. Los Angeles St., Los Angeles, Cal. 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OUT WEST New Series, Vol. 8 August, 1914 Number 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS George Vail Steep, Business Editor. 43 To the Awakening of Women - Sara Bard Field 44 Frontispiece - Anne Martin, President Nevada Equal Franchise Society. 45 Business in Putting Booze on the Blink - Dr. James Allen Geissinger 50 Desert Night - Hazel H. Havermale 51 The Clash in Nevada - A History of Woman's Fight for Enfranchisement - Sarah Bard Field 66 Suffrage and Government - Mary Austin and Anne Martin 70 Wake Up, Nevada! - Carrie Chapman Call 71 Why Nevada Should Give Women the Vote - Dr. Anna Howard Shaw 72 Raising the Level of suffrage in California, or What Have They Done With It? Mary Roberts Coolidge, Ph.D. 73 Why Nevada Should Win Its Suffrage Campaign in November - Charlotte Perkins Gilman 74 Nevada Owes Enfranchisement To Its Women - Inez Haynes Gillmore 75 Equal Suffrage and Nevada Prosperity - Gail Laughlin 76 Feminism - Mary Austin 77 The Story of Iletry - John Allen 80 Everyman - A one-Act Sketch - Shirley Hunter 81 The Redwood Remembers - Bessie I. Sloan 82 Theodore Roosevelt, The Man - George Wharton James 87 Process, Not Products - Mark S. Watson 94 Crime - The Great Human Disease and Its Remedy - Jack Athens 96 My First Duel - Mark Twain, with Introduction by Glenn D. Hurst. 101 El Paso, The Metropolis of the Southern Empire - A.W. Reeves 113 Reincarnation - Maud Johnson Copyright 1914, By Out West Corporation [Published monthly by the Out West Corporation, 546 South Los Angeles St., Los Angeles, California Price per copy, regular editions 15c, special editions 20c. Yearly subscriptions U.S., $1.50 in advance, postage prepaid. Entered as Second Class Matter at the Los Angeles Postoffice. HOW TO REMIT. Remittances should be sent by Check, Express Order, or Postal Money Order, Payable to the Out West Corporation, Currency, unless mailed in a registered letter, is at the sender's risk. CHANGE IN ADDRESS. Notice of change in address should be sent One Week before the date of issue on which the change is to take effect. The change cannot be made unless the subscriber's Old Address is clearly indicated in addition to the New Address. ADVERTISING. Orders, final instructions, and cuts for advertising in the Magazine must be received Days before the first of the month on which the advertisement is intended to appear. THE OUT WEST MAGAZINE will not admit Liquor advertising or questionable Financial, Reality, Modcal advertising to its pages. CONTRIBUTIONS. All manuscripts, drawings and photographs are received with the understanding that the Editors are not responsible for their loss or injury while in their possession or in transit. Return postage should be inclosed with each manuscript submitted, and a copy should be retained by its author.] Address All Communications to Out West Corporations, Publishers 546 S. Los Angeles St. Los Angeles, U.S. A. OUT WEST ADVERTISING SECTION Sleep on a MENTHOLATED PINE PILLOW And Enjoy Perfect Health. Healing properties of Balsam Pine and Menthol reach every part of now, throat and lungs. Recommended by doctors in treatment hay-fever, asthma, catarrh throat, lung and nervous troubles. 14x17x4½ in. Price $2. Order to-day; money back after one week's trial if you want it. Booklet free. MENTHOLATED PINE PILLOW CO. 9 Fourth Ave. Carnegie Pa. Home A4637 Main 3021 RILEY-MOORE ENGRAVING COMPANY Cuts For All Purposes Half Tones - Line Etchings Designs - Electrotypes 337 S. Los Angeles St. Los Angeles LADIES Here is a chance to secure a Cash Prize. We shall give away in all $50.00 Nothing to Buy No Money to Pay No Coupons to Save. Just mail us the name of your Grocer and ask particulars about this splendid offer. Remember all it need cost you is One Cent for the postal card to us for particulars. Write AT ONCE to avoid being too late L. LEE'S PRODUCTS AGENCY, White Plains, N.Y. Laughlin Non Leakable - Self Filling Fountain Pen No Extensions to "remember" No Locks to "forget" The Pen without the trouble. Guaranteed absolutely non- leakable - pen and feed kept moist and primed, insuring a free, uniform flow of ink, instantly upon contact with writing sheet. May be carried in any position in pocket or bag without possibility of leaking or sweating. Every pen guaranteed satisfactory to the user - or money refunded - size illustrated in this advertisement $2.50 by mail prepaid to any address - plain black, chased or mottled as desired. It is not necessary to write us a letter, simply enclose $2.50 and a slip of paper containing your name and address and we will mail the pen by return mail. Send us the name of your dealer, that you asked to show you a Laughlin Non- Leakable Self-filling Fountain Pen, and we will send you free of charge one of our new Safety Pocket Fountain Pen Holders. It is not required that you purchase a pen to get this Safety Holder, we simply want the names of dealers who do not handle this pen, that we may mail them our catalogue. Address Laughlin Mfg. Co. 31 Wayne Street Detroit, Michigan W A R As the world reels today in the horrors of a great war, let this be our prayer: "This is the last paroxysm of the carnal mind, expressing its attributes of hatred, of envy and of fear; "The reaction must be in discovery that these things are unreal in Truth, impossible in Divine Life." Let the world, in this crisis, learn to believe this thought and the error of War shall not be repeated and the era of universal peace and happiness will be within reach. James Martin. To The Awakening of Women By Sara Bard Field Hail to your waking From your age-long sleep, O Princesses of Life. Revolt divine Breaks the dark spell. Intoxicating wine. Of freedom have you drunk. It has burned deep Within your veins. Long has man sought to keep You slave or idol, Toy or concubine. Behold your Messianic Star ashine! And you have followed Tho' the way was steep. Take conscious place In Evolution's plan. Your brothers thought Alone to raise this sphere Past Hope or Dream. They could not find the light With you in shadow. Side by side with man Lift up the earth, Your Mother-eyes fixed clear Upon the child who Beckons you from Night ANNE MARTIN President Nevada Equal Franchise Society Reno, Nevada OUTWEST AUGUST 1914 Business is Putting Booze on the Blink. By Dr. JAMES ALLEN GEISSINGER COMMERCIALIZED MORALITY Did you ever hear of that? Probably not, for we just invented the expression. Commercialized IMMORALITY has been a problem and a curse upon many ages-and now comes Commercialized Morality to solve the problem and remove the curse. Thru all the ages vice has been commercialized. It has been a business. If all business has not been vice, nevertheless all vice has been business. Arrayed against this commercialized vice has been, simply, ethics-simple, usually impractical, generally unorganized, largely futile ethics. Now is an awakening. Let us COMMERCIALIZE ethics. Why not? If we can prove that morality is economical, that vice does not pay, that truth and cleanliness are essential to business success, then we should be able to unite the forces-yes, BIG business as well as little-in a final and triumphant war on the problem and the curse of the ages. The temperance movement thruout the country has too long been extrest in terms of ethics. A change is here. The present "dry" campaign is being waged on economical grounds. Business men are being shown that they cannot afford to employ booze-fighters-they cannot afford to drink. THEY CANNOT AFFORD TO LET BOOZE EXIST. Let them read Dr. Geissinger's article, believe and ACT! The Editors As this is not an article for housewives, simply, through for them certainly; nor for dairymen; nor yet again for "sports," nor "near-sports;" perhaps it should be said that the statement made in the title is intended to say that business is forcing men and women to break away from the drink-habit and will eventually (which also means speedily) force the liquor traffic to the wall. For one of two things always happens: either business puts booze on the blink, or booze puts business on the blink. The two are incompatible and cannot be made to work together. As the Atlanta Constitution says: "Young man, you cannot crook the elbow AND hold down the job," It is one or the other-not both. It is to be hoped that all young men will get the full force of the Atlanta Constitution's statement, for it is a statement without a kink, or curve, or crook, or slip, or any such thing in it. Its logic is the logic of light- irresistibly clear. Business, if it ever was a comfortable and easy-going affair, is so no longer. The "one-hoss shay" has gone forever, 46 OUT WEST DR. JAMES ALLEN GEISSINGER That is a fact and may be considered as a symbol of a radical change not only in locomotion, but in all life processes and procedures. In place of that "one-hoss shay," which ambled over the roads leisurely in the days of our grandfathers and mothers, has come rapid transit. Rapid transit, far-reaching combinations for production and exchange, complicated co-operations, and with these the necessity for clear vision, quick judgment, speedy action--in a few words, that is the world-shift that has revolutionized our modern life. In this new, rapid world the demand is for efficiency. I ask the reader to stick a pin down there and try to get the logic of this demand and pay no attention at all to what any "temperance" orator or writer may say under liquid inspiration. The wine men today are strong on Noah and rapturously quote Horace, and remind us that men have always partaken of the fermented justice of the grape. But that style of scriptural exhortation, even when it falls from the unctious lips of a liquor advocate, is not very convincing, not is it the poetical effusion of a large success. Suppose Noah did use wine, and, as it seems clear, used too much of it, what of it? Noah plowed with a crooked stick. Is the modern man to abandon the steam-plow because his remote ancestor had not progressed that far? The modern business man is not concerned as to what OUT WEST 47 Noah did or did not do. He knows that a man with his head full of wine, whether the wine be red, light, dry, California, French, or Italian, is not 100 per cent efficient. He cannot be. What the modern man needs is not an inflammation in his brain that makes him think he is speedy and accurate and trustworthy and indispensable; he needs a clear brain, and all of it clear. Nor is the modern man up on or interested very much in Horace, or any of the other celebrators of the glory of the vine. It seems reasonably certain from history that the Roman Empire became the victim of that group of vices that sit about the wine-room or open up on it. We have heard much of late from the liquor interests as to the necessity of discriminating between the distilled and the fermented liquors. Fermented and brewed liquors we are assured are most healthful, and the people who use them are happy and prosperous. But Rome became alcohol sick on brews and ferments and died, just as all Europe is alcohol-sick now, for like reasons, according to statesmen and scientists who know, and who, in Germany, France and Italy, are seeking to change the habits of their people. Two decades ago the great Virchow told his German countrymen that they were drinking themselves to death celebrating their victory over the French, and that in the meantime the Jews, because of their abstemiousness, were forging to the front, commercially, thruout the German Empire. Virchow did no thereby allay the anti-Semitic feeling in Germany at that time, but he did tell the truth, and his wisdom is manifest to all of his more intelligent countrymen now. That is why at present there is a great crusade on in Europe against alcohol. Drinking of alcoholic liquors--brewed, fermented, distilled, domestic or imported--makes for inefficiency. There may be no poetry in that statement. There may be no scriptural passage that says just that much, but the experience of the race is clear enough for even a way-faring man to read, provided his brain is not befuddled by his drinking habits. Drinking makes for inefficiency--all the men and women in America are beginning to see this. That is why the General Federation of Women's Clubs, at its recent national meeting in Chicago, representing 8,000,000 women thruout the United States adopted this resolution: "Whereas the liquor traffic is responsible for three-fourths of the crime, vice and misery of this country" "Be it Resolved that the women of the General Federation place themselves on record as opposed to the liquor traffic." In McClure's for May, Connie Mack asks this question: "Who puts the ball player out of the game? You would naturally say 'the umpire' wouldn't you? Well, all the umpires together haven't put as many ball players out of the game as Old Man Booze." For the benefit of business men who have never (honor bright) asked, "What's the score?" - I may be permitted to say that Connie Mack is the fairly successful manager of that aggregation of ball players known as The Athletics, with the emphasis strongly on "the." Most any live boy with red blood in his veins would rather sit on the bench with Connie Mack than be Chief Justice of the United States. Connie Mack is not a "sport" in the bar-room sense of that word, but a business man with a keen appreciation of what is meant by our American watchword--efficiency. He goes on after this fashion: "Now don't get off on the wrong foot. Boozing is not common among the high- grade ball players. It was common twenty years ago (please get the full force of that twenty years ago) but today it is rare in the majors Keep in mind, tho, that steady, 'moderate' drinking gets a ball-player in the end just as surely as boozing. Alcohol slows a man down inevitably, and slowing down is the reason for the shelving of by far the majority of players. If you estimate a clever player's years in baseball at fifteen, why, 'moderate' drinking will cut off from three to five years--a third of his life on the diamond." Connie Mack goes on to say that he is not preaching. He is not talking about the moral phase of the question at all, but about "efficiency." Moderate drinking reduces the efficiency of the ball-player one-third. Now that is not a theoretical fact arrived at by academic measurements and scientific apparatus. It is the business observation of a man who has made his great success by refusing to be blind to facts or to sentimentalize. At the close of an address in San Francisco several weeks ago, the writer was approached by a prominent physician of that city, formerly city chemist, with this statement: "If a man drinks two glasses of beer a day, the mildest beer manufactured, he lowers his efficiency by one-seventh." I am not particular about the fraction; you may want to increase it or decrease it, Gentle Reader. I am not splitting hairs. I am trying to look at this whole booze question in its broad aspects. And, this is clear from such a statement: Moderate drinking without question lowers a man's efficiency. The Year Book of the United Brewers' Association, 1913, page 98, quotes some man whose first name is given as Adolphe, as saying: "Beer and real claret do not intoxicate. . . . Beer and wine do not make drunkards." Perhaps not, but they do make some men and women act as if they were drunk, even California wines. At any rate they lower one's efficiency. We ased to discuss the momentous question: Is alcohol a food? We discust that question twenty years ago and less. I once asked a physician if alcohol is a food. I have never forgotten his reply: "Yes, alcohol is a food" and gunpowder is a fuel. But it's not wholly wise to try to run an engine with gunpowder." Business men are finding that out. The fuel some fellows use blows up their nerves shatters their judgment, and tends to make them a little unsteady under business pressures. That is why bankers as well as the railroad men are demanding total abstinence from the use of alcoholic beverages on the part of their employes. A prominent banker told me recently that a young fellow sought employment in his bank. The baner asked him, "Do you drink?" "Yes, moderately. I never take more than a glass of beer a day." The banker's reply was: "That is one too many for my institution." And that banker is not running a Sunday-school nor a reformatory. He is not running a beer-picnic, either. He is simply trying to run a bank that will deserve the confidence of his patrons and the public generally. The writer of this article worked in a shoe factory when a boy. Practically all the "hands" drank beer or whisky or pure alcohol. Many of them did it because they thought they could do more work with the drinks in them, just as so many of our Chambers of Commerce, under the domination of the booze venders, seem to think that they can see most clearly what is the best for the future of their city after they have inflamed their brains with champagne. Now it is known that men cannot do as accurate work nor as much n alcohol as they can without it. That is why the Hershey Chocolate Company, the Cambria Steele Company, the United States Steel Company, the Drew-Selby Shoe Company, and hosts of other concerns are putting the taboo on drink, even the moderate use of it. Some concerns are getting at the situation by offering ten per cent more wages to total abstainers, on the ground that they render more and better service. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company made some recent investigations as to safety rules and found a 99.9 per cent perfect performance. Why? Their "Rule F," which forbids the use of intoxicants or the frequenting of places where they are sold, is obeyed: 125,226 observations were made in February of this year and not a man was found disobeying this order. It isn't the "drunk" the railroad companies are after, and the business world generally, but the "moderate drinker," as Connie Mack points out. The really dangerous man, so far as the railroad is concerned, and the traveling public, is not the "drunk," whom no one would think of letting get into an engine-cab. But the fellow who has just enough alcohol in him to blur his vision so that he has difficulty in telling a red light from a green. The German Emperor, and he is being backed up by the German scholars and leaders generally, says that the nation that drinks the least alcohol will be the winner. That is true as it bears upon the army, the navy and commerce. The man who has an absolutely sober brain aims more accurately, shoots more quickly, thinks more steadily, endures more easily -- in war or peace. Think of the accidents due to drink -- accidents in the shops and on the streets. Booze is the speed demon. He always likes to see how fast he can drive his car. He sees obstacles where they are not, and fails to see them where they are. Is there a day when Booze does not get into trouble on the streets of our American cities? Robert Warner, an Englishman, was refused a life insurance policy in England in 1840, because he was a total abstainer from the use of alcoholic beverages. The company did not think a man was a good risk unless he used drink. That was more than twenty years ago. How sentiment has changed! Nay, how the facts have been heaped up since then. The actuarial tables show that a man who drinks "moderately" is not as good a risk as the total abstainer. Insurance men tell me that he is not as good by 25 per cent. That is a very significant fact. Alcohol is a good medium in which to pickle pathological specimens, because it destroys all organic life that might feed on the specimens, because it destroys all organic life that might feed on the specimens; but it is not a good thing to preserve a live man in. Or rather, it is not a good thing in a man to keep him alive-- just what it does is to "slow him alive-- just what is does is to "slow him down," as Connie Mack says. Jack London says that all around the world he saw drinking men succumbing to diseases and physical exposures that did not effect total abstainers at all. But if a total abstainer is a 25-per cent better risk than a "moderate drinker," then the total abstainers are paying just 25 per cent more premium for their insurance than it is worth. This is beginning to break upon the minds of many men and women over the country, and already two kinds of policies are being issued, and the "moderate drinker" is paying more for his policy than the teetotaler in some companies. And he will pay more in all companies soon. The point I want to make, and it is the only point I care to make, is a very simple one--The business man wants efficiency, efficiency, EFFICIENCY. Efficiency in the factory, on the railroad, in the ball-team, in the office, in the bank--everywhere. And because he wants efficiency and must have it, the business man is going to drive booze out of our American life. I say the Business Man is going to do this thing. He is going to do it, not for any sentimental reason, nor even for any moral reason, but for business reasons. I do not forget that many others are going to have a hand in this matter, are having a hand in it, have had a hand in it, for more than twenty years. A good many have had two hands in it. The temperance societies, the Anti-Saloon League, the Prohibition Party, the W. C. T. U., the preachers and churches, the school teachers and their text-books on narcotics, the physicians, outraged womanhood and manhood--all these have been waging a ceaseless and by no means futile war on Booze until at the present time it has become a national issue. Really, the significant thing in this crusade against the ravages of the liquor traffic, backed up as it is by an unscrupulous, organized force in its greed for the dollars and cents, and without any regard at all for the decencies fo life or the rights of others or the happiness of its millions of victims taken advantage of in boyhood and girlhood, is this: the National Government has done nothing at all to protect the citizenship of this republic from this monster. The fight has been waged by a man here, a woman there, a neighborhood, a township, a county, a city, a state. For instance, Licking County, Ohio, several years ago voted "Dry." To be more accurate, that was in 1908. It went "dry" by 700. But Newark, the largest town in the county, and the count-seat, went "wet" by 1500. The saloon-keepers of Newark decided to keep open their places in spite of the fact that the election had taken place under the county local option law. They would run their joints, law or no law. The result? Just what always happens--a mob. And as the outcome, a young deputy sheriff knocked down by a burly saloon-keeper, shot and killed the saloon-keeper, and in turn was killed and torn to pieces by the drink-crazed mob. Then Newark awoke. The conscience of Newark aroused and the dives and saloons were closed. That is typical of the way the crusade against booze has gone over the country, until today nine states are under prohibition and ten other states are voting on the question now, and many 50 OUT WEST other states are near-prohibition states, and Senator Borah and many senators and congressmen and politicians are beginning to see, what others have seen for some time back, that the booze traffic is doomed. But it will be the demand for efficiency that will settle the issue—that is my point. I take off my hat to the crusaders who have everlastingly kept at this battle against the bottle until now; who were not deterred by being called "cranks," "long-hairs," "enthusiasts," or "temperance fanatics." I thank God for them. Like the Abolitionists of another generation, they will not keep quiet, and they will be heard and no conspiracy of silence can defeat them. But the recognition of the business aspect of the case— the demand for efficiency—is what gives the steam to the latter-day temperance punch, if the pugilistic figure is in order here. These are a few of the facts that lead me to say: Business is putting booze on the blink. The logic of the demand for business efficiency is that the drink habits of the people of the modern world must be abandoned and booze must be given up. For booze and business are incompatible, and what progress demands shall be separated, not even bar-keeps can make mix so as to keep mixed. DESERT NIGHT By Hazel H. Havermale 'Tis desert night! The white dunes sleep in silence, The warm wind ruffs the plumage of the quail And drifts in lazy puffs from bush to tree Awakening all the spices of the night. Here the low sage breathes out an orient odor And mesquite blooms, gold candles of the day, Flickering, sway their incense through the dusk Which mingles with the night-flies' droning hum. Vague shadows slip across the lonely waste, Shadows with glowing eyes and soundless feet, Which circle, ever stealthy through the dark Then lose themselves in darkness in the west. And from the haze-wrapped mountains, clear and sharp, There comes a Bedouin's scimitar of sound, A wierd, harsh wail, the desert's voice at night, And the south wind stops and shudders at the cry. Lo, in the east, o'er hills faint etched in silver, The full, red moon drifts, o'er the sleeping land And paints all things in liquid gems, rare metals, From Bagdad or Damascus' gay bazaars. Perhaps 'twas Charmion, standing by the Nilus, In ecstacy of worship cast them there, And the moon, with subtle alchemy of treasures, Gathered the gems and guarded them for aeons, Then decked the whiteness of the desert night With jewels still sweet from the Egyptian's hair. Higher she rides in white, unhurried splendor, Paged by the winds and the music of the stars, Till creeping o'er the sky, grey warning whispers Of coming day, and night has passed away. 51 The CLASH IN NEVADA - A History of Woman's Fight For Enfranchisement By Sara Bard Field Shall Money or Spiritual Power win in Nevada next November? Is that state an autocracy, dictated to by one man who gains height merely from his stand upon heaped-up gold bags, or is it a democracy which registers the heart-beat of its people and acts in accordance therewith? These questions are the essence of the movement for Equal Suffrage in Nevada —the last state of the Pacific Coast group in which women are not yet enfranchised. You may say that such questions are the essence of the political equality movement everywhere and not peculiar to this locality alone. True, but because concretions are always plainer than abstractions, and the individual more discernible than the mass, Nevada's fight, summed up as it is in smaller population, widely scattered over desert silences and mountain solitudes, with fewer heroic women to do battle against what is practically one man's influence with its ramifications, is more clearly and simply outlined. In the East, both suffragists and anti-suffragists are drawn up in massed battle line. They resort to intricate political schemes and stratagems. Big Business and organized Vice roar their opposition in cannon thunder. The smoke of the crowded industrial centers obscures the vision. Noise and confusion attend the conflict. Righteously wearied of Fabian policy, the determined suffragists resort to spectacular evidence of their strength. One is entirely certain what the women want, but it is not always clear what power is opposing—what issues are at stake. In Nevada there is no confusion. Everyone knows not only what the women want, but why there is opposition and who represents it. The movement here has more the simplicity of a duel than the complexity of battle. Righteousness and Riches, Justice and Special Privilege meet in a hand-to-hand fight in the intense, clarifying light of the wide desert. The history of the suffrage movement in Nevada is as amazing as it is young. In February, 1912, the Equal Franchise organization was only a local Reno committee of five, with but fourteen paid-up members and no county organizations. It was not even dignified by the name of a State society. At that time, while the present head of the movement was away, an annual meeting was called by Mrs. Mack, of Reno, vice-president of the organization since Mrs. Stanislawsky, the president, had resigned on her removal to California. It was necessary to elect a new president and to perfect a State organization for immediate and thorough work. The few women who met to perform this task put the movement on a firm foundation by electing as president the one woman in the State who had the necessary qualifications for the office— efficiency, tact and leisure. Others there were who had one or two of these requirements, but all three were, at this time, imperatively needed. Anne H.[Henrietta] Martin, known to women of action on two sides of the Atlantic, accepted a Herculean task, in the performance of which there was endless labor, with little to lighten it but the knowledge of doing human service and the hope of ultimate success; little of reward save that of her own conscience speaking its approval; little of praise and much of criticism. I am tempted to leave the description of Miss Martin for the close of this article. I am a firm believer in the Cana of Galilee method of serving refreshments —saving a good wine for the last. Yet is is the hostess opening the door of her home who claims the atten- 52 OUT WEST MRS. S. BELFORD Secretary of the Nevada Equal Franchise Society, former Secretary of the Denver Woman’s Club. of her guests before they notice the furnishings and eat the banquet. Surely no one would dispute the fact that Miss Martin ushered in the active era of suffrage in Nevada and that her quietly commanding figure is the first feature of the movement on which our eyes naturally rest. She is a native daughter of Nevada. Born in Empire City in1875, she received all the impressions of childhood and the education of that period and later girlhood in the state. Her father the late W. O. H. Martin, as president of the Washoe County Bank, held a place of influence in the community. Her mother, who was Louise Stadtmuller, is still living with her daughter in the quiet dignity of the old homestead on Mill Street in Reno, surrounded by her memories and a glorious assemblage of books. One can easily see that she has bequeathed to her daughter, Anne, the unflinching hatred of injustice and the firmness of purpose to translate this hatred into wise action. Miss Martin's scholastic life reveals her as easily those honors which, ever in dream-outline, were but a century ago, considered highly unfit for women. She received a degree of B. A. from the University of Nevada, and a like degree, with later an M. A., from Leland Stanford, Jr. Here, too, the Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority captures her as a democratic member. Returning to Reno, she gave her first public service to her State by becoming in 1897, Professor of History in the State University and, later, lecturer there in the History of Art. Like the beloved Jane Addams, it was in England that Miss Martin registered her first definite impression of what must be her life work. Miss Addams, witnessing the hideous results of poverty on the East Side of London, dedicates herself to the study of the cause of poverty and its present amelioration. Miss Martin, coming to active touch with the injustice of the English Government toward women, and watching with intelligent eyes the heroism of those who, at inestimable sacrifice, were trying to SARA BARD FIELD (EHRGOTT) Organizer and Speaker for Oregon College Equal Suffrage League, campaign 1911-12. journalist and magazine writer. OUT WEST 53 remake conditions, gives herself to the emancipation of her sex. Like the young Samuel, she asked of her conscience, "Lord. what wilt thou have me to do?" Back from the secret vault of self from which the question had been hurled, came the echoing answers, "Do!" "But where shall I do?" she asked. In time she became convinced that her field of work was in her own land, even in the very corner thereof which had given her birth. Perhaps it is because of the baptism of the fire from the English movement that Miss Martin is called "militant." Perhaps it is because, during her residence in London, she paid doe her principles with her temporary liberty and was arrested for participation in a demonstration. Certain it is that her enemies have used this word "militant" to create the impression of a huge and dominant creature who has clothed femininity in masculine garb and denied her sex by every conceivable imitation of man and his methods. Even down in the southern extremity of the State I heard the whisper of the formidable word—"militant." Personally, I love power in women. But I like it to be woman's power, not man's power. "Not like in like, bur like in difference"—that is a bit out of our creed, is it not? It was not pleasing to contemplate a woman whose militancy would be exprest in a "strident voice," a "manly gait," ans a bling indifference to the flowering of women in a splendid devotion to the things that pertain to motherhood. Imagine, then, my relief when I stood face to face with Miss Martin, The "militant" That is where I want to place your thought at this moment— face to face with her. The anti-suffragists caricature of a suffragist is a tall, thin anemic woman in whom belief in the cause if synonymous with loss of physical and spiritual charm. Let us warn the cartoonist from seeking Miss Martin from a study. The full development of her cultured has been accompanied with a like development of body. Tennis, mountain- climbing, riding, golf— all have claimed her enthusiastic adherence. Twice she was tennis champion for Leland MRS. FLORENCE HUMPHREY CHURCH Former President of the Washoe County Equal Suffrage League. GAIL LAUGHLIN San Francisco, Cal. Famous woman lawyer, who has already helped and spoken in Nevada for Equal Suffrage. 54 OUT WEST MISS BIRD M. WILSON First Vice-President of Nevada Equal Franchise Society, author of "Women Under Nevada Laws," a distinguished lawyer, and the only women stock-broker in Nevada. President of Esmeralda County Equal Suffrage League. Goldfield, Nevada Stanford University, and twice for her own State. Health breathes from her cheeks; from her disassociation with any suggestion of leanness; from her independent carriage as well as from her clear thinking and energetic leadership. Her voice is gentle; not used to make sound, but to convey thought. Her eyes are gray, quiet and grave, without being forbidding, and they, like her entire face, contain a suggestion of the wide solitudes of her own desert land. She is optimistic, not easily discouraged; tolerant and understanding: capable of that rare discriminating and impersonal love for humanity which accepts its mixture of goodness and badness without deifying the one or denouncing the other. When women criticize unjustly she says, "They do not understand." If they take mistaken action toward her and the cause, she says, "It comes from lack of training in cooperation. They have lived such individual lives." When they argue over unimportant details, she smilingly asserts, "Their whole existence has been one of dealing in minute things. This is their training ground in the world's work." Such gentle understanding is nicely balanced by her stern sense of justice. On a question of such import she is uncompromising. When the directors of a Nevada bank denied the Suffrage Society the privilege of renting rooms in their building, on the ground that they wished no women in the place, Miss Martin calmly told them she could no longer do business with men who indorsed sex distinction, and would withdraw her account from the bank. Her mother, equally indignant, notified the bank of the same determination. Another woman depositor of means sent a like message. The directors capitulated. Likewise, in all Nevada companies, where Miss Martin has investments, she has always used her influence with the directors to obtain higher pay for women workers at the cost of lower dividends to the stockholders. In one company the directors informed her that the girls worked very cheaply, as they boarded at home. Miss Martin told them frankly that this was the beginning of "unequal pay for equal work," and of prostitution, and begged them to raise the wages regardless of the conditions under which the girl employees worked. MRS. A. J. McCarty Hawthorne, Nevada And yet I am sure she has never inventoried OUT WEST 55 her spiritual stock or her physical attractions or taken thought of public opinion. She knows quite simply that she is in the world to work; that she is human; that she will make mistaken and successful moves." She goes about the accomplishment of her task "uncaring praise or blame," and like Mary Lyon, fearing only that she "may not know all her duty or may fail to do it." Such is the woman who, in 1912, became leader of the suffrage movement in Nevada. What were the conditions faced by this new president and her loyal supporters? The constitution of Nevada required that the suffrage amendment be passed twice by the legislature before it could come before the male electorate. Thanks to the splendid work of the former president, Mrs. Stanislawsky, and her helpers, the constitutional amendment had, in 1911, successfully passed its first legislative hearing. But legislators bear a likeness to the wind which "bloweth where it listeth." There was no proving a second passage by the first unless a campaign of education and persuasion of the incoming law-makers was inaugurated. The women must show their strength. MARY AUSTIN Mrs. Austin is author of "Land of Little Rain" and "The Woman of Genius." MRS. M. S. BONNIFIELD Winnemucca, Nevada President of Humboldt County Equal Suffrage League. Mrs. Bonnifield is widow of Supreme Judge Bonnifield. Out of the eighty thousand people who form the population of Nevada, just half are men. Divide that number again and you have the official number of those who can qualify as voters. These twenty thousand are scattered over some hundred and twelve thousand square miles of turbulent country, an area a fourth larger than Great Britain, and making one voter to every five square miles. In that little span of days that lay between the election of the State Executive Committee in 1912, and the legislative session in 1913, the whole State, with its sixteen counties, must be organized to serve as irrigation canals through which streams of information could be let loose to water the land into suffrage bloom. Fortunately the Executive Committee, which met to perform this task, were a band of brainy and capable women. Those who knew Nevada will gage the strength of the work by a perusal of such names as Mrs. John Orr, Mrs. D. B. Boyd, Mrs. Alice Chism, Mrs. F. O. Norton, Mrs. Jennie Logan, Mrs. Grace E. Bridges, Mrs. Charles Gulling, Mrs. 56 OUT WEST MRS RUDOLPH ZADOVV Eureka, Nevada President Eureka ,County EquaII Suffrage League. O.H. Mack, all of Reno; with Mrs. J. E. Bray, of Carson, and Miss Bird M. Wilson, of Goldfield. Little hives of activity, under the direction of these women, were built all over the State. County organizations, like lusty babies of approved eugenic parentage, were born to service. Women of literary ability, like Miss Martin and Miss Bird M. Wilson, contributed telling articles from able pens. Miss Martin collaborated with Mary Austin, of fiction fame, wrote a pamphlet entitled "Suffrage and Government," as well as a long list of articles for the daily papers. Miss Wilson, Nevada's distinguished woman-lawyer, wrote a clear, concise article, "Woman Under Nevada Laws," which was a resume of woman's legal status in the State. Doubtless this article, published in two editions of twenty thousand, has done more to enlighten the people as to the injustice of local legislation for women than any abstract essay on the subject. The women began to understand why a struggle for the vote was necessary aside from the abstract principle of human justice. They discovered they could hold no office except that of superintendent of public schools and school trustee. Even these positions were never open to them except in theory, for, as Miss Wilson pointed out, the politicians must fill every office with a voter to further their own schemes. Why waste a perfectly good vote on a voteless woman? Efficiency? Public welfare? How absurd! The women also learned that marriage imposed upon them their husbands' citizenship. If he be a foreigner, she also becomes one; that it takes away the control of her earnings and does not even give her in place the control of her children.* No matter what may be the proportion of her earnings after marriage, of how arduously she may have labored to acquire them, she may not will any of the money or property away, thus protecting her children from the poverty-breeding effects of any alcoholic or gambling tendencies of her husband. Many other things of like import these MRS. W. H. BRAY Sparks, Nevada President Sparks Equal Suffrage League. * An equal guardianship law was passed by the Nevada legislature of 1913. OUT WEST 57 Nevada women learned about themselves. The education bore fruit. All constructive action springs from mental concept. As the women learned, they acted. As they acted they gained strength. As they gained strength they had to be considered by those who sat in the seats of the mighty. The legislators learned the direction of the tide of opinion. The women had sent to every candidate to the legislature a personal letter pledging them to support the suffrage measure, with the result that they knew before election that four-fifths of the law making-body was with them. In February, 1913, a call was sent out for the first annual suffrage meeting to be held in Reno. There was a number of technical constitutional points to be settled and, still more important, there was the desire to know the exact status of the work and to kindle enthusiasm by mass contact. Accordingly some thirty-nine delegates met to hear the amazing report that suffrage had, in one year, grown from the germ of a State committee, with fourteen paid-up members, to a State society with five-hundred paid-up members; eleven county and three auxiliary organizations; that the legislative committee, headed by miss Felice Cohn, had done its work to the end that suffrage had passed the legislature the second time by a bulky majority, and that the treasury, which one year ago was empty save for the headquarter's rental money, paid by Mrs. Arthur Hodges, of New York, now contained several hundred dollars from subscriptions and sacrificial savings of the women of the State. The movement, clad in the name of a State society, with all constitutional questions settled, faced a clear field for an even greater year of labor. The president, in a report which combined the work of the State Press Committee, of which she had been chairman, with her own, showed that over a hundred columns of suffrage material had been specially written and published in the Reno papers that year, and that by means of the weekly press service 3,500 typewritten bulletins had been sent out separately to the fifty newspapers of the State. Papers which had once held suffrage up to ridicule were MISS MABEL VERNON of Delaware Organizer sent to aid in Nevada campaign by Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. MRS. SADIE D. HURST Reno, Nevada President Washoe County Equal Suffrage League. 58 OUT WEST INEZ HAYNES GILLMORE San Francisco. Cal now publishing news of the movement. Like a lone star of doubtful brilliancy in a receding firmament, but one paper heroically clung to its anti-suffrage pessimism. Miss Wilson's pamphlet, "Women Under Nevada Laws," had done its educational work in every county. In tracing the development of the State organization, the president showed the wise evolutionary stages thru which the work had passed, beginning with an advisory board of men from every county, which led to the formation of committees of women in eleven counties, with five others in the process of organization, these in time becoming full-fledged suffrage branches, with growing memberships. She showed that this success was due to the principle of co-operation in the State, and the recognition on the part of the women that in unity lay success, as well as in the psychic effect of recent suffrage victories in other states. She mentioned especially the effective work of Miss Wilson and the women of Lincoln County, notably Mrs. Alex Orr, Mrs. Lizzie Buttler, Mrs. Joseph Ronnow, and Mrs. W.P. Murray, in forming branch societies with the largest membership in proportion to the population. Smiling skies, you will say. Had there been no thunder claps? Had this young society sprung to growth without the weathering of struggle and the toughening of opposition? Had it been all sweetness and calm in their own midst? Impossible! The test of power is in time of storm. I am not at all sure I would want to report a honey-comb condition. I feel like a recent writer who complained that the public would not allow him to tell the truth about men and women. They wanted them all succulently sweet and uncompromisingly heroic. The truth is, we are all like the immortal little girl with the curl in the middle of her forehead. We are good to the point of admitting a "very" before the word, and, let us confess it, we are bad to the limit of horridness. Organizations which are composed of composite people are composite likewise. Like all men's organizations, the Nevada organization had its difficulties. Sometimes they arose from their own midst. But on the whole the spirit of unanimity had MRS. H.C. TAYLOR Fallon, Nevada President Churchill County Equal Suffrage League. OUT WEST 59 been more than one would expect in a locality where the word "solidarity" had not yet entered into a woman's vocabulary. If there have been the inevitable misunderstandings, these are more than compensated for by the surer bonds that the women have hastened to form. If now and again a note of dissatisfaction has been sounded, more often harmonies have been produced-- sweeter, Wagner would tell us, because of the contrasting discord. Perhaps it required troubles to develop such sturdy support as was given the president and the Executive Committee by a woman like Mrs. Hugh Brown, of Tonopah, who is, by the way, the Inez Milholland of Nevada, so lovely she is to look at. At the time of the gathering of this convention it was hopes that the business of the State would necessitate a special election at which time the suffrage amendment could also be voted upon, without the long wait for the regular election in 1914. The leaders of the movement in the East had strongly advised a whirlwind campaign of six months as the most effective means of impressing the voters, and had promised some nationally-known speakers, among them Dr. Anna Shaw and Jane Addams, to aid Nevada women. The special election, however, was never called. To those who know the distances of travel in the State, and the lack of funds with which to carry on the campaign, it seems wise that another year of seed-sowing should have befallen this young society. The last word of the president at the 1913 convention had been "education," and slow is the work of educating the masses. Thus another twelve months filled with labor rolled around. Again Reno's earnest women opened their doors for their equally earnest guests to the 1914 convention. Listen to the story of proportions. The Suffrage Convention now learned that they possest a membership of a thousand after but two years' work-- as many in proportion to population as New York State, with its four million women and its years upon years of suffrage agitation. Twenty-two county and MRS. J. E. BRAY Carson, Nevada President of Ormsby County Equal Suffrage League: wife of Nevada State Superintendent of Public Instruction. MRS. R. D. EICHELBERGER Reno, Nevada State Treasurer of the Nevada Equal Franchise Society 60 OUT WEST CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN Author of "Woman and Economics," and editor of "The Forerunner." local organizations were dotted over the State. Proudly the counties sent in their reports and enthusiastically the women assembled in convention heard them read. In Esmeralda County, Miss Bird Wilson, in spite of laborious professional duties, has, as president of the county society, fired not only her own locality but all of southern Nevada with suffrage zeal. She has been aided by such women as Mrs. James H. Parks who, in spite of suffrage views, perhaps because of them, has found time in her busy life to bring up seven little motherless children; by Mrs. R.W. Cattermole, Miss Edna Hotchkiss and Mrs. Anna L. Miller, who could teach most men lessons in financiering. A suffrage play in the leading opera house of Goldfield, suffrage floats which won four prizes at the Fourth of July celebration, securing Mrs. Charlotte Perkins Gilman for a brilliant address—these are the social, spectacular and educational means by which suffrage has been advertised in the community. Miss Wilson was also instrumental in organizing Lincoln County, which, through card parties to make money, and lectures to spread information, has been a joy financially and educationally to the parent organization. The Eureka branch has wisely used the lure of literary and musical program to attract women to its semi-monthly meetings. Mrs. Laura Hoegh, Miss Effie Eather and Mrs. Rudolph Zadow have been the successive presidents of this lively society. Taking advantage of the dance wave over the country, they gave a Labor Day ball which fattened both their social prestige and their treasury. Miss Martin and Miss Mable Vernon, of Washington, have lectured for the society, and the successful English play, with its telling dramatic argument, "How the Vote was Won," was staged. The Lander County women are preparing to give this play in Battle Mountain. Mrs. George Webster, president of the Lyon County branch, heads a valiant band of workers. The aim there is not less than to interest every woman in the county. They know that woman's wish is father to man's fulfillment of it. On May second the society arranged a parade and a street-meeting. Several MRS. F. P. LANGAN President of the Storey County Equal Suffrage League, wife of District Judge Langan. OUT WEST 61 MRS. ANNA HOWARD SHAW President National Suffrage Association MRS. CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT 62 OUT WEST JANE ADDAMS "Nevada, the last non-suffrage state on the white suffrage map of the West, must inevitably join the ranks of those progressive states which stand for political equality and social justice for men and women." — Jane Addams hundred attended and everyone present signified his belief in suffrage. Several of the leading citizens offered their services during the campaign. With business-like exactness this enthusiastic society is arranging a card catalog of the county, and every person's stand on the suffrage question. Elks County, under Mrs. E.E. Caine's guidance, reports quiet and effective work in circularizing the voters, while the membership of White Pine County, under Mrs. Minnie Comins MacDonald's leadership is growing by leaps and bounds. Once upon a time there was a parson who, at a period of drought, announced that he would pray for rain at the next Sunday morning service. Sunday came. Not a cloud in the sky. The people thronged to church. The minister prayed fervently. But at the close of the service the sun shone with no decreased intensity. When the congregation were passing out there was noticed a little girl, carrying an upraised umbrella. Everyone OUT WEST 63 laughed. Someone accosted her: "Why are you carrying an open umbrella?" The child looked at the questioner with gravely reproachful eyes. "Didn't the minister pray for rain?" she asked. Mineral County's suffrage branch, with Mrs. Ada McCarthy as president, makes me think of this story. They have organized to win suffrage. They are praying the men to grant it. Meanwhile, sure of the deluge of votes, they have opened their suffrage umbrellas—they are studying civil government. Such faith is sure of its reward. Beside this preparation for that which they know is assured, they boast of having sold more suffrage calendars than any other organization, and register to their credit a successful suffrage demonstration on May second. Miners came down from the hills and farmers came from the valleys for one of the biggest "get-together" occasions in Mineral County. Mrs. M.S. Bonnifield as president of Humboldt County, with her helpers, Mrs. A.W. Card, Mrs. Mark Walser, of Lovelock, and Dr. Nellie Hascall, of Fallon, have led their branches into winning fields. It is difficult to realize the immense difficulties under which many of these women labor—Mrs. H. C. Taylor, president of Churchill County, has to drive miles from her ranch to Fallon to attend suffrage meetings. They live in isolated places. They have little recourse to the ready supplies of the city. They labor in silence, without the stimulus and encouragement that comes from work in the rich and highly cultivated Eastern fields of suffrage work. May they reap in gladness. Washoe County has the largest population of the State. It is not surprising that here the suffrage membership runs into the hundreds. Mrs. J.E. Church, Miss Mary Henry, Mrs. Sadie Hurst, Mrs. S.W. Belford and Mrs. Maud Gassaway have proved an active force in founding new societies at Sparks, Verdi and Wadsworth, while the Reno society, with its access to State headquarters, is alive with activity. The whole county has been circularized, social teas and semi-monthly meetings held, a self-denial week observed, at which time a large sum was raised for the work and a woman's independence day celebrated. Will such a day ever by synonymous with Mother's Day in a national celebration? Washoe County points proudly to its energetic Sparks branch, where Mrs. W. H. Bray is president. Judge Pollock, of the Justice Court, has courteously allowed his office to be used as headquarters. By all sorts of womanly device a hundred and fifty dollars was raised for the work, public meetings held with prominent speakers to address them, study classes started and prizes offered for the best suffrage essays. Beginning with nine members, the society now numbers over fifty, and enrolls, on its advisory board, ministers, lawyers and business men. Mrs. Lyman Clark, Jr., and Mrs. F. P. Langan, of historic Virginia City (the seat of the Comstock lode), successive presidents of Storey County, have built up an excellent suffrage sentiment there. Woman's Independence Day, on May 2, was marked by the blowing of the whistles in the hoisting works of all the great mines of the district. Whistles which for forty years have called the miners underground to delve nearly a billion dollars from the depths, on May 2 heralded the approach of freedom for Nevada women. Another most encouraging feature of the Nevada campaign is the complete circularization of the voters of the State with suffrage literature by the county organizations, and from State headquarters. Mrs. R. D. Eichelberger, the State treasurer, has been tireless in conducting this work, assisted by Miss Alexandrine La Tourette, of the State University, Mrs. S. W. Belford, former secretary of the Denver Woman's Club and now State suffrage secretary in Nevada, Mrs. P.L. Flanigan, Mrs. Alf Doten and Miss Minnie Flanigan. Other encouraging features are a comprehensive canvass of Reno, in progress under the energetic direction of Mrs. Charles E. Boswell and Mrs. John Franzman, and the strongly pro-suffrage sentiment of the large street crowds in Reno every Saturday night who listen to Miss Mabel Vernon's forceful suffrage speeches. Mrs. W. H. Hood, second vice-president of the State society, thru her experience and influence as the chairman of 64 OUT WEST civics in the State Federation of Woman's Clubs, has been a factor in securing the unanimous endorsement of equal suffrage by the federation at its last convention. The advisory board of the Nevada Equal Franchise Society surely stands for victory, for on it we find the leaders of every political party in the State. Governor Oddie, United State Senators Francis G. Newlands and Key Pittman, Lieutenant Governor Ross, Supreme Court Judge Norcross, Federal Judge Farrington, District Judge Coleman, Congressman Roberts, State School Superintendent J. E. Bray, the leading Republicans, Democrats, Progressives and Socialists of Nevada, bankers, lawyers, editors, judges, clergymen, university professors, merchants, leaders from every county, have pledged their support to the movement and are on the advisory board of the State society, Has the seething and boiling of the suffrage cauldron, with such lively ingredients as these official reports and state-wide work contained, no Macbeth prophecy of woman's succession to the throne of her rights? The steady eye of those fixed upon Nevada's suffrage campaign has already marked victory rising just above the horizon. Nor do they reckon from empty guesses. They know that this untiring work of the women has resulted in the endorsement of suffrage by the State-wide conference of labor held in Reno in February, 1913, representing six thousand members, and by every individual labor organization. in Nevada that has voted on the question. They know that labor's voice is the loudest in the State. When labor backs a movement one can be sure of two things —that the movement is right and that it will win. They know, too, that the splendid indorsement given to suffrage by the legislative vote in the index of opinion in the State. They know that Nevada will not give her women less honor than the states round about her. Thus a nation watches a spiritual fight where but a few years ago they witnessed the clash of federal troops against striking miners—striking in a just cause. Nevada, which has given of her gold and her silver to enrich the coffers of man, is about to give of her justice and honor to broaden the life of woman. In the pursuit of this end she is gaining no less of recognition than in the days when the gold fever burned hot in her veins and she was sought by fortune-hunters from all over the globe. The amount of advertising that the suffrage campaign has brought to the State outdoes the record of any publicity committee in existence. It has brought world-wide recognition, for the ink of Miss Martin's tireless pen has run out across the Atlantic and into European papers. Her articles have been published in Votes for Women, The Suffragette and the London Standard—all English periodicals —as well as in many American papers through her syndicated work. Such important Eastern papers as the Philadelphia North American, New York World, Evening Post and Sun, Chicago Tribune and Record-Herald, Indianapolis News, Lexington Herald, and La Follette's Magazine have published personal interviews with Miss Martin—articles dealing with Nevada's resources—mineral, agricultural, irrigational and educational. In January, 1914, Miss Martin also gave fifteen addresses before large representative Eastern audiences. People ignorant of the fact that Nevada had contributed ought to her country but a refuge for Eastern divorces, gamblers and prize-fighters, applauded the speaker's revelations of this State's service to the nation. She told them how this "Battle Born State" had saved the country after the Civil War from financial ruin by its mine production of nearly a billion dollars, which restored national credit. On one occasion as many as five thousand people listened to this story. Likewise there has been sent East by the Nevada Suffrage Society more than forty photographs of Nevada—her industrial and mineral aspects—which have been used at the immense suffrage rallies in large Eastern centers—New York, Boston and other cities of like importance. It remained for suffrage, eagle-like, to lift Nevada on its wings from the plains of ignorance wherein she dwelt in the minds of men. It took woman's hand to turn the national search-light upon her, and woman's lips to speak, trumpet-like, the truth concerning her. If this publicity should usher in an era of good times OUT WEST 65 for the State, it could truly be said, "Suffrage and Prosperity have kissed one another." Four months yet remain before election. During that time Nevada will be host to speakers of national and international fame. Dr. Aked, of California, has already been to the State. Miss Mabel Vernon, of Washington, sent out by the Congressional Union, has done all-round relief and inspirational work through her organizing and speaking. She will remain till August. Mr. and Mrs. James Laidlaw, of New York, Dr. Stubbs, of the State University, and Dr. Aked, of San Francisco, have addressed large audiences in the Reno opera house. Dr. Anna Shaw, Miss Jane Addams, Gail Laughlin, Mrs. Harriot Stanton Blatch, daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, will, most probably, be able to visit Nevada sometime during the campaign. Charlotte Anita Whitney, president of the California College Equal Suffrage League, second vice-president of the National Suffrage Organization, has promised Nevada women a month. It was due to her efforts that the College League in the State University was formed with Miss Clara Smith as president. Miss Whitney was also an immense factor in the Oregon campaign. Inez Haynes Gilmore, who is, if possible, more fascinating than the children of her pen, will bring her charm and her culture to the State for a few addresses. Maud Yonger, loved by San Francisco labor to a man, is also booked for the State as is General Rosalie Jones, of hiking fame, and Colonel Ida Craft, Helen Todd, who has captured every Eastern audience—even the learned Harvard one; Margaret Foley, silver-voiced orator of Massachusetts who did most of all women to get suffrage through the first Massachusetts legislature; and Sara Bard Field Ehrgott, Oregon organizer and speaker. These women come without thought of remuneration save the tide of gladness which rushed into the soul with the outgiving of self. Eastern and Western women join hands in financial aid to this campaign. Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont, Mrs. Joseph Fels, Mrs. Arthur Hodges, Mrs. Clarence Mackay, all honorary presidents, have sent funds. The National has contributed a thousand dollars, California three hundred, Boston Equal Suffrage League for Good Government two hundred. Most of the rest has been the contribution of Nevada's men and women. It is true that they still need funds. They are sure they will not be wanting. A battle—a clash—do you call this humble record of woman's service in a great cause? Yes, a battle. Can you not visualize it? Can you not see these county organizations like valiant cohorts doing whatever their hands find to do, whether it be baking cookies or writing thoughtful articles for a magazine, managing parades or distributing leaflets, but sure, whatever the task may be, that they are coming up to the help of the Lord? Can you not hear the tramp of their purpose and feel the determined massing of their strength in a struggle none the less heroic because it lacks the martial beat of drums and the spectacular flutter of banners? Can you not see their knap-sacks filled with dreams on which they feed as they march to victory? Behold a peaceful battle, generaled and officered by wise leadership, waged in love and financed by sacrifice. But a battle, for the enemy has declared war! No wonder Monopoly, feeling the lances from such foes, trembles and fears. No wonder Selfishness and Ignorance, twin spirits of darkness, beholding the powers of Unselfishness and Truth, grid on the mightiest of their swords—the sword of money—and threatens the people with its strength. Behold the blade is dulled! A time is coming when the God of Gold, mighty tho he be, shall lie prostrate beneath the heel of the God of Good. That will be the day when the workers of the world enter into their heritage. Not yet has that day dawned for the earth— nor for Nevada. A suffrage victory will not kill the God of Gold in that State. He will only be wounded on the desert plains. The women will hurl the lance. A great lesson is about to be taught in this Western land. It is the lesson that no one man's power, combined with vested and evil interests, shall longer stop the mouth of the prophet and halt the 66 OUT WEST march of justice; that pride of money goeth before destruction and that he who thinketh he standeth sure and safe upon wealth acquired from the people and special privilege acquired from wealth, must take heed lest he fall before the people's rights and the riches of the spirit. Suffrage and Government By Mary Austin and Anne Martin IN the beginning of the woman suffrage movement the objection most obstinately, and in most cases honestly, entertained against it was one derived from the idea of government as an extraneous force. The stick wielded by the strong kept men in order. This was an idea which rooted very far back in racial history, in the time when combat was the chief business of life; and those who used it forgot, or never knew, that women were originally exempted from fighting, not on account of incompetence, but because of their importance to the tribe. That primitive women can fight as ferociously and successfully as any female animal when occasion arises, is a fact that is surprisingly forced upon us even yet, when the outposts of civilization come in contact with the wild tribes. But man's objection to seeing them risk their most precious quality, their potential maternity, in a fight, is so widespread that it amounts to a taboo. For women to be obliged to use force means racial disaster. So long then as government in the popular estimate meant the use of force, this was a valid objection to women having any voice in it. But the rapid sweep of democracy in the past two centuries has brought us around to a new view of government as an affair of social consent. The more general this consent the less the compulsion needed to bring it into effect. All the newest devices of popular government, the initiative, referendum and recall, are means of making this social consent more direct and immediate. This new conception of government as social consent cuts two ways in favor of woman suffrage. By resting the right to participation in government on the ability to consent, rather than on fighting capacity, it disposes forever of the ancient argument that women ought not to vote because it is not desirable that they should go to battle. What women are asking for is the right to consent to the laws under which they live. Wherever the ballot, which is the official means of such consent, is denied them, women are still in respect to their social rights under the regime of force, and society goes limping along with one member rejoicing in the freedom of democracy and the other still swathed in the restraints of feudalism. But the experiment of democracy has proved more than anything else the fallacy of that other anti-suffrage bogie, the idea of government as a function. Government is a means of getting the business of society done expeditiously. The vote is merely the approved instrument for registering social consen.. So long as government is regarded simply as the administration of the affairs of the people, there can logically be no governing class or sex. The people as a whole can have no affairs to which all the people are no equal. The ballot, either written or oral, is the most ancient means of expediting business. It is present in the pow-wow of the aboriginal tribes and the folk-moot of the ancient Saxons. It is present today in large bodies, composed exclusively of women, who meet in convention, conduct important financial operations and make laws for the control of widely-separated organizations. Women vote. The only question before the public today is whether they shall be permitted to vote in the matters that most immediately concern them. It is the use of the ballot in the less important issues of society that has taught women its value as an instrument in the field of human achievement. In nothing do they show their fitness for it so much as in the quickness with which they have grasped the use of it as the outgrowth of the human instinct for expedience and efficiency. For centuries men have been regarding participation in public business as a kind of divine right, a privilege of wealth or birth or sex, and in as many years women have seized upon it as a means of getting something done, a new broom with which to make a cleaner sweep of their business. The chief business of women is mothering. This includes the co-related and equally im- OUTWEST 67 portant activities of reproduction and conservation. It means not only bearing children, but looking after their food and clothing and housing, their bodily safety and the welfare of impressionable minds. The woman of today who wishes to do her business well, finds herself in a serious predicament. For today the greater part of all the activities upon which the successful bringing up of a family depends are carried on outside the home. In order, in the disfranchised states, to exercise any control over the food, the education, and the industrial conditions which env'ron her children, the mother must attend a vast number of public meetings, town council, board and committee meetings, armed with the ancient and ineffectual instrument of "indirect influence." The very word "indirect" is a confession of inefficiency. The business of women is of such importance to the state as to demand the most direct and immediate means. It is only with the ballot that woman can stay at home to nurse one child and yet follow the other to school, to the shop, the factory, the place of amusement. With this white-winged messenger of her mothering thought she can to some degree overshadow and protect him. The Ballot for Women Means Freedom for Men But it is not only to enable her to do her work in the world that man must restore to woman her natural control of those departments of life which make for stable conditions. It is in order that he may do his own work more efficiently. True maleness is the exercise of initiative, exploration, experimentation, the breaking of new lands, the extension of the frontiers of thought. Man under modern conditions has so overloaded himself with women's work of conservation that he can scarcely do his own. By attempting to constitute himself with women's work of conservation that he can scarcely do his own. By attempting to constitute himself the sole center of woman's activities he has overleaped his capacity. Much of the modern industrial revolt is all unconsciously a reaction against the excessive burdening of man with the whole business of society. Man is an individualist; his instinct is to compete rather than to co-operate. Woman is essentially social, the center of the family group. It is her instinct to make things comfortable, the natural outreach of the mothering impulse. And a good half of the business of government is just that; it is neither a duty nor a privilege but an efficacious way of making us all comfortable together. Government and Policing If the recent discovery of democracy, that government does not necessarily imply fighting, is a reason for giving women a part in it, a much greater one exists in the fact that government does still incidentally involve the chances of war. The old idea implied a state of society in which war was inevitably and always imminent. The original exclusion of women from council was due to the fact that ancient councils were seldom about anything else but fighting. The real question is not whether women can fight or not, but whether their interests are affected by the fighting which men do. The strong opposition to the vote of women in some quarters comes from their known genius for pacification. The work of women, the continuance of the race, is so seriously affected by war that it isn't considered safe to let them hold a deciding voice upon the question of a particular war. The fact that women are excluded from voting on declarations of war because of the best reasons why war should not be. That which destroys the labor of one-half of society cannot be good for the whole of it. It is this resistance of man to any curtailing of his ancient habit of combat which has animated much of the objection to women interfering in the small private wars of theft, arson, assault and rape which men declare on one another and on women. It has been said that women ought not to vote because they could not be police. Women having already become police in Denmark, in Norway and Sweden, in Canada, in Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Tacoma, Seattle and half a dozen other American cities, it is discovered that a large part of police duty is concerned with prevention rather than punishment, and with the conservation of social forces and the stoppage of social waste. And this sort of policing is seen very easily to derive nothing from force, and not to depend upon it. It is based primarily on our social consent to the introduction of the mother element in all departments of life. The woman policeman would be as great an absurdity as the anti-suffragist of a generation ago believed her, if it were not for this general consent to the propriety of women going wherever children must go, and going clothed with authority. It is the latest and best evidence that men are moving concertedly to release to women the opportunity to do their work in the world and the means of doing it efficaciously. The Witness of the West While society needs the operation of the conservative mother-thought in all its departments, 68 OUT WEST there has been especial demand for it in the West because of the unduly high percentage of male population. It is notable that the answer of the men of the West to this social need has been the ballot in the hands of the women. That Western men have been more responsive to women's demand for the right to perform their work for society is no doubt due to an instinctive desire on man’s part to give back to woman her proper share in a society which more nearly conforms to a primitive division of labor than do the older and more artificial Eastern communities. Men in the West have been so much occupied with the natural male activities of breaking new ground, organizing new enterprises, general exploration and experimentation, that women have regained much of their original social importance to the community. The granting of woman suffrage in the Western states is part of the subconscious response of men to a great social need. There are left only three Western or Rocky Mountain states which have not enacted equal suffrage laws: Montana, Nevada and New Mexico; of these states Nevada is the only one which has no form whatever of suffrage for women, Montana having tax-paying and school suffrage and New Mexico having school suffrage. Nevada appears on the white map of the Western states as a big black spot entirely surrounded by the white suffrage states—California, Oregon, Idaho, Utah and Arizona, with Washington, Wyoming, Colorado and Kansas contiguous, and Montana and New Mexico colored grey, indicating the partial suffrage in operation there. The territory of Alaska recently granted woman suffrage, one of the chief reasons being the desire on the part of the men to bring in more women, as the male population is greatly preponderant there. Excessive Male Populations Favor Woman Suffrage The fact that the woman suffrage amendment has named the two successive seasons of 1911 and 1913 of the Nevada legislature by large majorities, and has likewise been submitted in Montana and in North and South Dakota, indicates that the men there are alive, like the men of Alaska, to the need for more women. Nevada, of all states of the Union, has not only the largest male population in proportion to women, but has the largest male transient population, which can vote by conforming to a six months' residence qualification. Nevada, then, is the state where woman's influence is least effective because she is in so great a minority, (column 2) is most largely dominated by “man-made” law, a state which is most nearly the expression of man’s mind, a male society. We find the law-making power of the whole people concentrated, not only in the hands of men, but to some extent in the hands of male transient population, which simply cannot have the permanent interests of the State at heart; at the same time the conserving powers of women, who constitute a more stable element in the State's population, are ineffective for the good of the community. Can these conditions be good for any commonwealth? ‘The answer is that Nevada, too, is preparing to enfranchise her women. In the total population of the State there are 52,551 males to 29,324 females, of 179.2 males to 100 females, according to the census of 1910. The following table shows sex distribution in the eleven states having the highest percentages of male population: According to the Census of 1910*— Nevada has, to every 100 females _ _ 179.2 males Wyoming " " 168.8 " Montana " " 152.1 " Arizona " " 138.2 " Washington " " 136.3 " Oregon " " 133.2 " Idaho " " 132.5 " California " " 125.5 " North Dakota " " 122.4 " South Dakota " " 118.9 " Colorado " " 116.9 " It is significant that these eleven states, with the exception of Nevada, Montana and North and South Dakota, have woman suffrage. Each with its large male population has felt the desirability of increasing woman's direct influence by enfranchisement, or by taking the necessary steps, as have Montana, Nevada and the two Dakotas. These figures show that states where male population is excessive have felt the need and value of women sooner than others; that communities where men are most and women are fewest have been the first to recognize woman's social value, have been quick to register this knowledge and make effective her power for social good by full enfranchisement. These figures show also that Nevada, of all states of the Union, needs woman's help the most. In 1900 the Wyoming ratio was the highest, 169 to 100, while Nevada was second at 153 to 100, _ * New Mexico is the twelfth highest, with a proportion of 115 males to every 100 females. OUT WEST 69 instead of 179.2 as it is now, showing that male influence has increased in Nevada over 26 per cent in the last ten years.* Male Transient Population a Nevada Problem Of the population 15 years of age and over, 51.3 per cent of Nevada males are single and 21 per cent of the females, indicating in connection with other figures a largely unmarried male transient population. Over 15 years of age the percentage of married is 41.4 for males and 67.1 for females, showing that women having family and home interests in the State thru marriage are over 25 per cent in excess of men having the same interests. (The statistics for widowed persons, etc., are not given.) As a result of exclusive male domination in a state developing under conditions of frontier life, we find that the percentage of adult and juvenile crime and delinquency, of resorts licensed for immoral purposes or for the sale of liquor, is unduly high. Moreover, Nevada's uncertain political and legislative history, shaped as it has been time after time by selfish and corrupt influences easily dominant thru the indifferent or purchasable portion of the “floating vote,” is a sufficient answer to the question whether exclusive male control bas been good for the community. The large floating vote is an acknowledged problem in Nevada’s political and social life, it is the chief factor in the unstable character of the State’s legislative history. This transient vote is by no means all mercenary: a part of it is composed of intelligent and incorruptible men, but the irresponsible element has too often held the balance of power; and it is desirable for every community to have its destinies controlled by the class which best understands its needs and will vote for its permanent interests—the home-keeping men and women. At the close of a former legislature fourteen members left the State, having no permanent residence nor interests in Nevada. Legislation has too frequently shown that the majority of legislators have not the vital home interests of the people at heart. When a former special session was called its members had scattered so far in the intervening year that they had to be summoned, not only from several other states of the Union, but from countries as remote as Alaska, Canada, Mexico and South Africa. Contests frequently waged in the past to use Nevada for licensing _ * The figures given refer to total population. Over 21 years of age there are 220 men to each 100 women in Nevada, 40,026 men and 18,140 women, census of 1910. (column 2) evils repudiated by her neighbors will be impossible when the unstable vote is overcome by increasing the power of the stable population, of which women compare a large proportion.* The West Recognizes Women’s Constructive Powers Women will do for Nevada, Montana and the Dakotas what they have already done and are doing for Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Washington, California, Oregon, Arizona and Kansas, for Alaska and Illinois. They have always promptly enacted humanitarian and conservation laws since they were first of all enfranchised in Wyoming in 1869. A most significant historical fact is that the first law ever introduced into a legislative body by a woman legislator, in the history of the world, was the law raising the age of protection for girls in Colorado to eighteen years. Laws equalizing the personal and property rights of men and women; to protect children and give them better schools, juvenile courts, state homes or farms for girls and dependent or delinquent children; humane and sanitary laws; mother's pensions; the minimum wage scale; systems to decrease economic and social waste by the enlightened administration of prisons; laws to abolish restricted districts; the prompt recall of a judge who did not protect injured girls are all embodiments in the enfranchised states of women's ideals of service for the people. Women using the vote are merely carrying on their natural functions of conservation of health and life and are, therefore, an invaluable constructive and complementary force in the world's work. The men of Nevada, like those of Alaska and the free states of the West, are beginning to realize the necessity of making the State more desirable as a dwelling place for women, and are taking the preliminary step by providing the opportunity for their full enfranchisement at the general election of November, 1914. The enfranchisement of Nevada's women will complete a solid block of Western states which have given women back their work. As conditions now are, with Nevada absolutely surrounded by woman suffrage states, no woman can leave its boundaries without being thereby potentially enfranchised, no woman can enter it from any neighboring state without being thereby dis- franchised. The tendency of this condition is to draw the best class of woman settlers away _ * It is estimated that 50 per cent of the male vote is transient, while only 20 per cent of the women vote would be. 70 OUT WEST from Nevada to the woman suffrage states by which it is surrounded. Until woman suffrage is established a premium is actually placed on the emigration of Nevada's women to the bordering free states. Similar conditions prevail in Montana, North and South Dakota, where woman suffrage is also to be voted on in November, 1914 and in New Mexico. The men of these states are, like Nevada men, yielding instinctively to what is the modern, no less than primitive, necessity of all communities: the free opportunity for women to do their special work, to use their mothering, their conservative powers for the good of the home, the town, the state. Wake Up, Nevada! By Carrie Chapman Catt President of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance and Chairman of the New York State Suffrage Committee BOTH East and West today there is cause for rejoicing among those who work for the enfranchisement of women, a measure destined to make men and women stand helpmates and equals in the eyes of the governments of the world. In the last few weeks we have seen the womanhood of Denmark practically fully enfranchised. In Sweden we see a suffrage bill held up temporarily by the will of an hereditary Upper House, while the delegates of the people in the Lower House are fighting for the freedom of their women. Recently, representative women from 26 countries in all parts of the world, meeting at Rome, voted unanimously for woman suffrage, while the great State of Missouri, with its population of 3,293,335, by initiative petition was swung into line with five other campaign states of 1914. When we look at the progress made by woman suffrage, we see it is the hardy northern races of Europe, the no less sturdy pioneers of our own great West, the sons and daughters of England, who have built up the commonwealths of Australia and New Zealand--these are the races who have given to women a voice in the government of their states. Today Nevada stands alone among her neighbors, a black spot on the suffrage map of the West. Is she going to redeem herself? With her youth and spirit, is she going to help to set the pace for the congested areas of the East, or is she to be numbered among the reactionaries? As a Western woman, the daughter of a man who wrestled with fate in the California gold fields in 1851, I cannot believe the men of any Western state so lacking in the pioneer spirit as to refuse to give their women a square deal. Nevada cannot lag behind and alone among her neighbors refuse to give citizen-rights to her women. The latest census shows that in the State of Nevada for every 100 women there are 220 men. With so over-whelming a majority, even the most timorous of men can hardly fear to enfranchise women. There is no case known, and there never will be any issue on which women have been unanimous; but even were they so, in the State of Nevada how little have the men to fear with their great majority. It has been reported among the largest newspapers of the East that efforts are being made to convince the miners of Nevada that if women are enfranchised, the saloons will all be closed. That such a result should be considered possible shows a gross over-estimation of the powers of the minority to dictate laws to the majority, even if women were of one mind on this subject. The principle of the government of our states is that it should represent the average of opinion of all the people--men and women. Are the men of Nevada less willing to trust that average opinion than any other men of the West? Among the members of an older community where corroding influences are at work and where corruption is entrenched, and the powers of the corporations strangle freedom, there is always some portion of the public subject to apprehension, fearful of every change proposed, that something dreadful will happen. These influences should not be at work in our young and vigorous country, and yet women in many countries have more political rights than the women of America, while those of the State of Nevada are denied any political power by their mates--their men. It is out of the ballot-box that the average opinion is crystallized. When women are enfranchised, OUT WEST 71 political leaders are obliged to put on the ticket such men as the average women-- the mothers--can afford to vote for. Everyone knows the this leads to the selection of a better type of man--a man of more insight and larger public spirit--than when men alone select the representatives of the people. Today women may pray, but at the ballot box there stands a political divinity who denies the woman's prayer. We are the mothers of men and our first thought is for our children. With the vote we women will demand legislation for children's protection. It is the motherhood that is calling today. Thru the centuries the world has agreed that a woman's best duty is in making a home, and that the man should help and protect her there. Woman suffrage means that under modern conditions the world outside the home needs that motherhood to help the man solve his problem. Women ask for their recognition as human beings with opinions not only because it is a right, but because it is a duty, the highest duty which exists today. It must be remembered that there is not a single argument which is advanced against giving woman suffrage that has not at some time been advanced against giving men the ballot. In their great struggle in the East against corrupt influences, the women need the support of a solid West. Nevada can help the men and women of the East best by showing the spirit of the West, the love of freedom, the love of justice, true equality between the sexes. Wake up, Nevada! Why Nevada Should Give Women the Vote By Dr. Anna Howard Shaw President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association I HAVE just returned from the most successful demonstration for suffrage ever known in the International Council of Women, held in Rome, at which time delegates from twenty-eight nations, representing over seven millions of organized women, passed, without a dissenting vote, a resolution calling upon all the nations of the world, in which a representative government exists, to grant equal political privileges to women with men citizens. With this enthusiastic endorsement of woman suffrage by twenty-eight of the foremost nations of the world, my thoughts naturally turned with great longing to the States in our own country, in which campaigns are now pending, and the black spot of Nevada, surrounded by the white states, where women are politically free, so impressed itself upon my mind that I tried to think of the reason for its backward condition. The more I thought about it, the more everything favored the hope and expectation that it would no longer be the one Western commonwealth which failed to appreciate what it owed to the pioneer women and their daughters for their sacrifices and devotion to the State, when it was a comparatively unknown and unsettled territory. If ever any people earned their freedom, the women who trekked across the plain and endured the hardships and privations which they met, from the rigors of the winters and the heat of the summer, the attacks from wild beasts and wilder men, who bravely overcame the difficulties of the first years of privation in a new country, the women of Nevada certainly have earned their freedom, for which they have paid a great price. When we compare the comfortable homes, the evidences of prosperity of the present commonwealth with what it was a little more than twenty years ago, when Susan B. Anthony and I made our tour together thru the State, we naturally ask what share the women have had in its development. For the sake of the women who have suffered and who gave the best of their lives to found the commonwealth of Nevada, men should no longer be deaf to the appeals of their daughters for freedom. Then there is another side to this question beside that of fair play and justice, from which the advantage of favorable action in Nevada at this time is most expedient. It was expressed in a remark made by the Speaker of the Lower House of Congress, at a hearing granted to the National Congressional Committee, under the direction of Mrs. Medill McCormick, at which Jane Addams, Mrs. Desha Breckinridge and Dr. Shaw spoke, when presenting the resolutions 72 OUT WEST passed by more than 100,000 women on May 2 demanding Congressional action in enfranchising the women of the country. Speaker Clark, in response, said, "Woman suffrage is as sure to come in this country as is the sun to rise tomorrow morning. It may be two, three or five years, but it is coming speedily." Speaker Clark simply voiced the opinion of every intelligent man whose eyes are open to see, or whose ears can hear the evidences of the speedy triumph of justice in this country. In the face of this fact, which even the most obstinate opponent to woman suffrage admits, why delay its coming? Why use the time and money of earnest women of the country in a long drawn-out endeavor to secure that which is just and is as inevitable as the rising of tomorrow's sun, when this time and money and patriotism might be devoted to building up the commonwealth and making it noted for its progress and just laws, which more than anything else will win it settlers and build up homes from one end of the State to the other? It is better, if you cannot be in the fore-front of the struggle for freedom, not to lag behind so far that you will have to be drafted into its service. While Nevada cannot claim the credit of leading the far West, for it is already surrounded on every side by states which have recognized the principle which underlies our national life, that "governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed." But it has an opportunity to wipe the only black spot of disenfranchisement of one-half of its people from the Western map, and leave it stainless. This is the point which the men of Nevada will be called upon to decide on November 3d next. There is, however, another consideration, and that is a purely political one, which the national political parties will have to deal with in 1916. The states in which women already vote control 84 votes in the Electoral College, which will elect the President in 1916. In a closely contested campaign, 84 out of 529, which is the full vote of the Electoral College, is a balance of power. But, when we add to these 84 votes the votes of the states in which campaigns are now pending, and in which the vote will be cast in 1914, we will add 34 more votes in the Electoral College. This will give to the West the practical control of the Presidential election, which is a consideration from a political standpoint. But, if we add to this 150 more votes of the states where the subject of woman suffrage will be voted upon in 1915, that will give to the states in which woman suffrage prevails 277 votes in the Electoral College, or 12 more than is necessary to elect the new President of the United States. With such a prospect before them, who could doubt that every political party will place a suffrage plank in its platform in 1916? Nevada cannot afford to be the only Far Western state to wait for the country to force the issue upon it. Such a young and growing and prosperous state should be one of the leaders of thought and progress in democracy, and the women of the East, as well as the progressive men of the East, are looking to Nevada to justify their faith in her sense of fair play and justice. There is nothing that would bring Nevada and its interest so prominently to the notice of the world as the granting of suffrage in 1914, and the women of the nation, believing in the men of the West and in their sense of fair play, cannot for a moment doubt but Nevada will stand shoulder to shoulder with the surrounding states which have given freedom to their women. Raising the Level of Suffrage in California, Or What Have They Done With It? By Mary Roberts Coolidge, Ph.D. Author of "Chinese Immigration," "Why Women Are So," etc., Vice-President of the California Civic League The most important thing that the women of California have done has been to raise the level of suffrage itself. And they are doing it in a very natural, inconspicuous and dignified way. In 1911, when they first had the opportunity to vote, women registered as a matter of conscience, rather than to support one party or another, as men usually do. As a class they have shown themselves essentially non-partisan and far more interested in causes than in particular candidates or parties. Their feminine intuitions OUT WEST 73 make them keenly alive to the dangers of machine politics and they are more and more the despair of those politicians who insist upon lining up the voters and herding them ignorantly to the polls. California women, all over the State during the last two years, have been quietly studying the political issues upon which they have to vote. They have invited the State and local candidates to present themselves and their measures before thousands of club gatherings, and have taken their calibre. They are surprisingly acute in feeling the untrustworthiness of those who try to hypnotize the voters with loud oratory and who dodge straight answers to their questionings. The non-partisan forum offered by women's clubs and civic leagues is already improving the tone of political campaigns. Women despise personal attacks and the wordy buncombe which is the usual stock of the second-rate politician; and they are suspicious of his sweeping pre-election promises. Nor will the feminine voters support men whose private record is crooked or indecent--an attitude which is compelling the party managers to put up better candidates. It is a significant fact that the women demand clear issues. They vote up to their registration often when they perfectly understand the issue; but rather than be befogged into voting wrong, when the issue is not clear, they stay away from the polls entirely. This is the explanation of many contradictory figures that have been published by the friends and foes of suffrage with regard to the behavior of California women at the polls. In their first encounter with the State Legislature in 1913, they showed remarkably good sense int he way in which they brought their political power to bear. Instead of demanding impossible things, the larger bodies of women-- the W. C. T. U., the Federated Clubs, the California Civic League and the Juvenile Protective Association--got behind a few measures important to the welfare of women and children and let alone the thousands of other bills whose supporters clamored to secure the "woman vote." They sent a delegate council to the legislative session, but did no lobbying whatever. Every legislator had already heard from the women of his home district what bills they expected him to support, and the council watched him closely to see whether he was fulfilling his duty as their representative. If he tried to shrink he immediately heard from the women at home. As a result the three measures endorsed by more than 50,000 women, i.e. Equal Guardianship of Children, a Detention Home for Girls, carrying an appropriation of $200,000, and the (Iowa) Red Light Abatement Law were passed by large majorities in both houses--the latter in spite of tremendous opposition on the p;art of the liquor and vice interests. The women who vote in California are chiefly the solid, earnest, domestic middle-class. They vote conscientiously and intelligently and are not easily fooled. They do not wish to hold office, but they demand that candidates shall be decent and shall have some experience to fit them for the offices they seek. And they cannot be held to any party unless the men and the issues of that party suit their ideas of clean, representative government. They have raised and they will continue to raise the whole level of voting citizenship. Why Nevada Should Win Its Suffrage Campaign in November by Charlotte Perkins Gilman If Nevada repudiates equal suffrage, it thereby condemns the five free Western states which border it, and the four other free Western states, its further neighbors, as well as the great mass of Middle Western states which have granted partial suffrage to their women. It would so put itself on record with the bulk of the Southern and Eastern states--the least progressive of the whole country--instead of standing for a "Solid West" of courage, liberty and justice-- the land that is not afraid of its women. Nevada should show the world that it is not ruled by the desires of its desultory transient bachelor residents, and those who cater to such desires; but by the real citizenship, the men who call Nevada "home," who live there, work there, marry and raise families there, building up the country. 74 OUT WEST There are those who wish to keep Nevada "wide open"--a national resort for all the popular vices, but there are others who do not wish their State to be the possible "tenderloin" of the West; the not impossible "red-light district" for our whole country. Those who value permanent, legitimate prosperity more than transient illegitimate popularity; those who wish to move at the head of the procession instead of sitting still in the rear, will vote for equal suffrage in Nevada. Nevada Owes Enfranchisement to Its Women By Inez Haynes Gillmore FIRST, I wish to repeat what has been said many times, and what must be said many times again, that the feminist movement, of which the demand for the ballot is but a small part, is not a movement to destroy the home or even to desert it. It is quite the opposite indeed, a movement to enlarge the home, to extend its walls until they cover the town, the county, the state, the country, the world. Woman has come finally to realize that she can no longer stay in her own home, safe, guarded, happy, care-free and continue to be a moral person and a good citizen if outside the home, the powers of evil prey on the homeless and the helpless. She realizes now that it is part of her business in life to help make the world a place in which children can grow to a healthy, able, useful citizenship. Her greatest single weapon in this struggle is the ballot. That is why she is asking for it. For women to live in a world, in which social consent is registered by means of the ballot, and to be without that ballot, is like owning a locked house to which she has no key. For woman to enter the economic struggle without the ballot is like going into battle without a gun. For woman to submit to government at the hands of one sex or one class and yet pay the taxes and obey the laws imposed on her by that sex or class is like trying to run a household of servants whom she is expected to pay but over whom she has no powers of discipline. For a government to keep one whole sex disenfranchised is economically as sensible a proceeding as for a department store voluntarily to release one-half its employes from the necessity of work and yet keep them on in the establishment - idle. In the few months that I have spent in California I have had ample opportunity to see what the use of the ballot does for women. I have found myself all along comparing the women of California with the women of my native state --Massachusetts. As women, the women of California are, of course, no abler or better than the women of Massachusetts; as citizens they are infinitely superior. For, in Massachusetts (where women cannot vote, except on school questions) women express themselves (except as women's clubs and charitable enterprises offer them a limited field of action) only in conversation, in writing and in public speaking. In California, women express themselves in all these ways and, in addition, in action. I am in a state of perpetual surprize at the degree of their acumen, their sympathy, their enthusiasm, their initiative, their courage, their integrity, their noble social conviction and their high social vision. It has become a bromidiom to say of the newly-enfranchised woman that her psychology has not been dulled to the acceptance of red tape and slow process of the law, that in consequence for her to see a flaw in the social system is to want to remedy it immediately. She is always attempting the impossible and always accomplishing it--simply because she believes that it can be done. I should say that one great proof of the success of equal suffrage in California lies in the character of its women citizens. I am equally imprest by the degree to which the men citizens of California co-operate with its women citizens--how much they trust them and lean upon them. It seems to me that whenever the political leaders meditate a peculiarily difficult feat in social propoganda, they turn instinctively to the women to accomplish it. It is as though the men had relinquished a big share of a heavy political burden--and relinquished it with a sigh of relief. Another great proof of the success of equal suffrage in California lies in the character of its men-citizens. More than any state in the Union, perhaps, Nevada owes enfranchisement to its women. Conversely, perhaps, more than any women in OUT WEST 75 the country, Nevada women owe it to their state to acquire the franchise. First and foremost, Nevada, because of its small population, is still laboring to outgrow pioneer conditions. needs all the work its men-citizens can give in the way of exploration and development, of breaking ground and building. And it needs all the service its women-citizens can give in the way of conservation--to make living conditions so attractive that the outsider and the transient is constantly turning into a permanent resident. That is one of the peculiar functions of women as citizens. Surrounded as it is on all sides by states which have given the franchise to their women, Nevada has the effect in comparison, of falling short in enterprise, in progress, in all that wonderful generosity of spirit which we call Western. If it continues to refuse this boon to its women, Nevada must inevitably become a kind of segregated area- in the midst of a happy, prosperous and progressive West--of dissatisfaction, inertness, supineness and social powerlessness on the part of its women-citizens. This will react disadvantageously on the women, and on--Nevada. Equal Suffrage and Nevada Prosperity By Gail Laughlin DOES it pay? That is the test which some persons apply to everything. Not, "Is it just? Is it right? Will it advance human liberty? Will it promote social and civic righteousness? Will it add to the sum of human happiness?" but, "Will it pay in dollars and cents--will it pay in material prosperity?" And that is the test which, with some persons, the proposal for equal suffrage must meet after it has met and successfully stood every test based on right and justice. But this last test, too, the cause of equal suffrage can stand, provided the test be the material prosperity of the whole State and not the selfish aggrandizement of the few who would exploit the many. During the decade 1900 to 1910, women voted in only four states--Colorado, Idaho, Utah and Wyoming. All of these states are near neighbors of Nevada and all are similar to Nevada in climate, topography and in natural characteristics generally. The traveler cannot tell, from appearances, when he passes from Idaho or Utah into Nevada. Yet, according to the United States census, the population of Colorado increased by 259,324 during the ten years from 1900 to 1910; the population of Idaho by 163,822; the population of Utah by 96,602; the population of Wyoming by 53,434, and the population of Nevada by only 39,540. In other words, in those ten years over 6 1/2 times as many persons went to Colorado to live as went to Nevada; over 4 times as many went to Idaho; more than 2 1-3 times as many went to Utah, and 1 1-3 times as many went to Wyoming. Wyoming is the only state in which women voted during the whole of any of the other ten year periods covered by the United States census, and there women have been voting since 1869. In 1910, the population of Wyoming was more than 16 times as great as in 1870. In Nevada the population was less than twice as great in 1910 as it was in 1870. According to the census figures, the capital invested in manufacturing increased, from 1899 to 1909, by over 104 millions of dollars in Colorado; by over 30 millions of dollars in Idaho; by over 8 millions in Nevada. In this respect, Wyoming fell behind Nevada, the increase being a little over 4 millions, a difference which was more than made up, however, by the increase in other lines. During the ten years from 1900 to 1910, as the census shows, the value of farms and farm property increased by 330 millions of dollars in Colorado; by 238 millions in Idaho; by 75 millions in Utah; by 99 millions in Wyoming and by only 31 millions in Nevada. Equal suffrage, we know, is the evangel of a higher and nobler liberty. It seems also to be the advance agent of prosperity. There are good reasons why this should be so. To the equal suffrage states come women who prize liberty, and with them come men who believe in a square deal. Thither, also, come intelligently conscientious parents, desirous of settling in a community where the welfare of the home and the child receives the serious concern of the state. Such welfare is especially promoted in the states where women vote. With increased 76 OUT WEST population come development of natural resources and the establishment of manufactures, for, whether or not trade follows the flag, it does not follow population. Centuries of history have proven that, so far as the interests of the whole people are concerned, justice is always the highest expediency. Equal suffrage presents no exception to the rule, and material prosperity, as well as higher ethical standards, follows upon its heels. Feminism By Mary Austin Feminism is the inherent hope of women to be esteemed for something over and above their femininity. As it expresses itself modernly it is a determination to be valued rather than desired; to be allowed to meet the purely human problems of life humanly, untaunted by the fact of womanhood and unhampered by any conventional reading of it. As a movement, Feminism allies itself to the new feeling for efficiency in all departments of living. It has its rise very naturally in the ache of human faculties deprived of their natural exercise, and has been fostered by the withrawal of constructive activity from the home. If I were to say that the Feminist movement is the stir women make running to catch up with their proper occupations, I should say the most characteristic thing, if not the whole thing about it. For women are by nature makers, and the cord that binds them to their ancient creative activities is drawing them, often against their inclination, into all the places where things are made. If there were nothing more behind it than this inevitable industrial shift out of the little house into the big houses where things are spun and preserved and distributed, there would still be a movement calling for considering re-adjustment and re-shaping of social ideals. But there is more behind it than that; there is a general clarification of ideals of womanhood and a new appreciation of its more precious personal phases in terms of social service. Far from constituting a denial of of tenderness and charm and spiritual diplomacy, the new feminism actively resists the waste of these attributes in ill-paid, drudging labors, and the cheapening of their quality in the attempt to make them do duty for every possible human exigency. The "advanced" woman is willing to be provocative in the interest of her racial instincts, but she objects to the enforced use of provocativeness as a means of obtaining her just wage, or a better system of city sewage. She would rest her claim to be heard on matters of social utility, on her knowledge of fact and fitness rather than on what she can contrive to have any man think of her. This demand for reality in their social relations is not undertaken by women without full realization of what it may lead to in the way of corresponding changes in the traditional attitudes of men. Unquestionably the movement derives something from the instinctive feminine response to the predicament men have got themselves into by attempting to assume the whole material universe. It is, on the part of both sexes, a movement for release, not only form the unequal distribution of labors and functions, but from the strained, traditional "masculine" and "feminine" attitudes. The raspings and antagonisms of the situation are the growing pains of the discovery between men and women of reality, in each by the other. I have said that the trend of the movement is toward social efficiency. This is particularly true of the struggle for woman suffrage. It is the outcome of a new conception of government as a means of accelerating the business of living together, in which the ballot becomes the handiest instrument. The discovery made by men in the last century that without it they could render social judgement either not at all or very clumsily, has been made by women in this. Until this means of functioning freely in society is accorded them, we shall never know the real nature of the feminine problem, or whether there is any. 77 The Story of Iletry Who Was Nicknamed "Jynx" and How HE Came to His Own in the Land of Golden Light An Allegorical Fairy Tale By John Allen Once Upon a Time there was a very Strange Land where Little Children lived and ruled. Now this was a very wonderful Land, and it was called the Land of Golden Light, where every Child was a Prince or Princess, and Grown Folks were put away in long halls, like books, and were of use only to supply information, and had no voice in the Government. And in this wonderful Land all things were Real and Living, and the Trees and the Brooks and the Stones could talk and tell their stories, not in words, but in queer thinking ways that only the children could understand. Life was a very serious thing in this Strange Land, and there was much work to do and many duties for each Child to perform, and there was much hurrying to and fro. For, strange to say, in this Wonderful Land, no one was perfectly happy, and many Little Children were very, very miserable. And why do you suppose this was? Listen and you will learn. Long, long before the Grown Folks were put away on the shelves, like books; yes, long before any one but the Stones could remember-and it was the Stones who told the Little Children about it- the Wonderful Land had been a much fairer place in which there were no Grown Folks at all, and no one ever grew old. But then there came-so very long ago that only the Stones could remember-a very ugly monster, who was invisible, but who was everywhere. Now this monster's real name was Bad Thoughts, but nobody knew much about Thoughts in those days, and so they called him Bad Luck, and by this name he was known ever after. Bad Luck was very evil and he didn't like Little Children, so the very day he arrived he laid his spell upon the Land, and lo! the Little Children began to Grow Old. And ever after no one could remain a Little Child, but had to Grow Old in a very little while, and be put away on the dusty shelves with the rest of the useless Grown Folks. Many and many a time the Little Princes and Princesses called conventions-great councils of all the folks who had not Grown Old-and tried to find a way to alter this sad state of affairs. But they never succeeded. So they became very dissatisfied with their county, and by unanimous vote they changed its name. They said that "Land of Golden Light" was not a true name any more-so what do you think they called it? They called it "Hoodoo Land!" "Because," they said, "Bad Luck is ruling us, and he is the Great Hoodoo, and we must name our Land for him, to be a reminder of him every day until we meet and conquer him!" Now ages on ages went by. The Little Children hunted and hunted for the monster Bad Luck, but they never found him and they sadly Grew Old, and had to be put away on the dusty shelves with the rest of the useless Grown Folks. So it was that the very Wonderful Land, named Hoodoo Land, was a place of much sadness and misgiving. It was really discouraging for all the Little Children to know that they had to Grow Old and be put away in the dust with the Grown Folks-and to turn to dust themselves some day. It was very, very discouraging Now about this time there came into Hoodoo Land a Little Child named Iletry, Iletry, like the other Little Children, was very much dissatisfied 78 OUT WEST with the prospect of Growing Old, and he would not go near the long halls that held the many shelves of useless Grown Folks, slowly turning to dust. He worked very hard at all his tasks, but somehow he didn’t do very well, and the other Little Children made fun of him. “You must be able to do everything that we do,” they said to him, as they always did to each Little Child that came. But really, down in their hearts, they would have been satisfied if he head been able to do one or two things well. But Iletry couldn’t. Always he failed. “You must,” they would say to him. And he always answered, “I will try.” And he did try. He tried to build things, as the Little Carpenter did. He tried to make a garden as the Little Farmer did. He tried to make and mend tools as the Little Blacksmith did; and so on. He worked with the Little Cobbler, the Little Tinker, the Little Cleaner, the Little Digger, and many others. But somehow he never could succeed. Now there had been others in Hoodoo Land who failed, but they had always been caught up into the long halls with the useless Grown Folks. Not so Iletry. He could not be persuaded to go near the halls. “I will try again,” he would always say. So it was that the word went forth all over the Land that there was something strange about Iletry, and they began to scoff and jeer at him and make him the most unhappy of them all. Not a friend did he have. Even the Trees and the Brooks laughed at him. Only the Stones, so long there, but every young, kept silence. One day Iletry was walking sadly down the street. He had failed again. “What did you do for the Little Tailor?” called the Little Tinker as Iletry passed by his shop. “I burned a coat and spoiled a vest!” confest Iletry, hanging his head. “Ha! Ha!” laughed the Tinker. “You’re no good.” “Right O!” joined the Little Postman. “Get on to the Long Halls where you belong!” “Say!” hailed the Little Lawyer, from his window, “where did you come from?” “I don’t know,” said Iletry. [column break] “Ha! Ha!” they all laughed. “I know!” shrieked the Little Doctor from across the way. “He’s old Bad Luck in disguise!” “No! No!” said the Little Preacher who was passing by. “He is Jynx, the Son of Bad Luck!” “Jynx! Jynx! Jynx!” they all yelled. But Iletry had pushed his fingers in his ears and fled. “So they think I am ‘Jynx,’” said Iletry to himself. “They think I am Jynx, son of the master of all the evil of Hoodoo Land! But I know I am not!” But he was very unhappy. He had tried everything and failed at everything. He had no friends. He would not go near the Long Halls, but he realized, with a shudder, that he was Growing, and that if something didn’t happen he would Grow Old. So he wandered on and on until suddenly he realized that he had reached the boundaries of Hoodoo Land. Night came. Iletry was very tired and sleepy, but he had a brave heart and was not afriad. Presently he came to a Strange Wood, and before it was a sign- not in the Wood, but just at the boundary of Hoodoo Land. And this sign said: “Dangerous! Keep Out!” And it was signed, “Bad Thoughts”- which, tho Iletry didn’t know it, was the real name of “Bad Luck.” Iletry glanced at the sign and then all about him. Nearby a Tree bowed and whispered, “Turn back! Turn back! The monster eats up those who pass the boundary!” A laughing Brook lisped to the weary Little Child, “It is dangerous! Go back! Go back!” But the Wood looked very cool and restful. “Has anyone ever gone?” asked Iletry, aloud. “No, never! No, never!” answered the Tree and the Brook together. And a Wind laughed softly above, but said nothing. “Then,” said Iletry, “I will try.” And forthwith he dashed across the boundary into the Strange and Beautiful Wood. Immediately all unhappiness fled away from Iletry. He forgot the scoffs and the jeers of the Little Children. He forgot all things unkind and all things sad [page break] OUT WEST 79 and ugly. But he was very, very weary. And finding a next of fine needles beside a great big rock, he dropped upon it and fell asleep. And then at the boundary of Hoodoo Land, in plain sight, rose a terrible monster, foaming with rage- a horrible signed to see. But Iletry slept on. “I’ll devour him!” the monster screamed. “I’ll rend him limb from limb!” He took a step forward. But just then, a snow-white spirit, tender of heart, gentle of hands, and with face of beautiful purity, slipped, it seemed, right out of the rock where Iletry slept. The monster- it was old “Bad Thoughts,” himself- slunk back within the boundary of Hoodoo Land and stood there scowling and muttering. Iletry stirred in his sleep, and even in his slumbers, saw the Beautiful Spirit above him, tho he knew not why it was there. And then the Spirit spoke. “Child,” it said, “I am Beautiful Thoughts, Queen of this Wood, and you are the first from yonder Land, that once was the land of Golden Light, who has braved the wrath of mine enemy and come to me. Henceforth, I shall ever be with you.” Iletry awoke. There was the great rock. Around him was the great, fragrant Woodland. “So,” thought he, “this is the Land of Beautiful Thoughts! I did not know there could be such a beautiful place!” Then, turning, he say the awful monster scowling upon him from the boundary of Hoodoo Land. Instinctively Iletry knew him. “Ho! Old Bad Luck!” he shouted. “I’m not afraid of you!” Faintly, Iletry heard the voices of the Tree and the Brook across the boundary. “He’ll eat you up!” they said. “He’ll eat you up!” But another voice, nearer- Iletry thought thought it came from the rock- said, “Be not afraid, it is not Bad Luck. His real name is Bad Thoughts!” “Stay away! Stay away! Stay away!” Iletry could hear the low murmur of the Tree and Brook in Hoodoo Land. “What a feast! Ugh! What a feast!” Iletry could hear the strange voice of the monster. But the Trees of the Wood of Beautiful [column break] Thoughts rustled cheerily. The wise old Rock was silent. The friendly Wind laughed softly. “Be no afraid,” said a gentle Voice that seemed to come from the Rock. “Be not afraid. Assail him!” “I will try,” said Iletry, the Little Child, and he made a swift dash at the ugly monster. No weapons had he, but a wonderful sonw-white spirit floated above him. Straight at the monster’s throat leapt Iletry. Devoured? Destroyed? Beaten back? No, never! With a groan of awful agony, old Bad Thoughts shrunk and shrivelled and crept into a tiny hole in the ground. And Iletry leapt upon the hole and tramped it tight and then rolled a great wise old Rock upon it to stand guard. And now there was great commotion in Hoodoo Land. “Come! Come! Come!” was the cry everywhere, and a great happiness pervaded all the Little Children. All were rushing swiftly to the Long Halls. Doors and windows were crowded. “The Grown Folks are gone!” shrieked one, “all gone!” “No! No!” said another. “They are all turned to dust.” Just then the Friendly Wind slipped in and whirled the dust about, and slipped out again, leaving the dust in letters on the floor. And this is what the letters spelled: “Listen to and heed the story of Iletry. No one every more shall Grow Old.” And then Iletry came among them and told them all of his adventures, of finding and imprisoning old Bad Thoughts, whom they had called Bad Luck, and of the wonderfully Beautiful Spirit. Immediately the name Hoodoo Land was forgotten, and by unanimous vote this Strange Land was annexed to the Wood and made part of the domain of the Queen of Beautiful Thoughts. Iletry was named a First Citizen. And no one ever after grew old and useless and turned to dust. 80 OUT WEST EVERYMAN A One-Act Sketch By Shirley Hunter Time:—Now Place:—Broadway Characters:— Everyman Happiness Fate Fun Life Youth Habit PRELUDE.—Everyman, who achieves success, is still lonely and dissatisfied until he meets Happiness. He finds her unexpectedly. 'Tis 5:30 p. m. The crowds are rushing home. Everyman, tired with his day's work, stands watching the eddy of humanity—scans pretty faces and peeping petite ankles. They are all the same. Fun, in a red Norfolk and mischievous brown eyes, smiles. Asks if he will call in the evening. He searches her eyes—finds them shallow— shakes his head. And Fun trips on in a pout. Habit, middle-aged and a bit stout, touches his arm—says he looks weary—will he take her to dinner? Everyman starts to accompany her mechanically. Habit bows to a couple who step off the curbing for a car. —a plain, trim little woman in a tailored Shepherd Plaid, and a prosperous-looking elderly man. The woman drops a magazine. The magazine is Life. Everyman stoops—picks it up—returns it—receives a smile. And such a smile! At last—THEY understand—Happiness and Everyman meet. She isn't the least bit pretty—or voluptuous. Just a plain little woman. But what eyes and smiles. At least Everyman thinks so. A red "honk-a-honk" drives up to the curbing. The driver is Youth. He winks at Habit. She enters the car. Happiness turns and introduces Everyman to the elderly gentleman at her side. His name is Fate. "Come," says Happiness. And as they board a car the red "honk-a-honk" growls by, narrowly missing Happiness, whom Fate jerks out of the way. Habit waves back at them— "Good-by, I'll ring you up in a few days." POEMS WORTH MEMORIZING Masterpieces of Western Poetry The Redwood Remembers By Bessie I. Sloan Ages of scented silence! Centuries patient growing! Laughter and tears of a thousand years Enfolding, holding, knowing, Worship of tribes departed, Conquest, joy and repining, Music of by-gone bird songs, Secret of stars lost shining, Wild things at play in the forest Long before man's short spanning, Avalanche, precipice, canyon And glacial torrent scanning. Comet that swept thru aeons Trialing a star-dust river, Storm-cloud and ocean whose paeans Arose to the One Great Giver. Ages of scented silence! Centuries patient growing! Laughter and tears of a thousand years Enfolding, holding, knowing. Genius, burning ambition, Glow of the campfire embers, Song and story and woodland play, Myths of the past, ideals of today, God's sentinel Redwood remembers. 82 THEODORE ROOSEVELT THE MAN By George Warton James REGARDLESS of one's political affiliations, convictions or prejudices, there can be no question as to the tremendous personal force of Roosevelt, the man. We have had many pen-pictures of him, from those of the partisan, written in gall and worm- wood, to the genuine adoration of Jacob Riis, but nothing more clear and inti- mate, real and personal than Roosevelt himself gives us in his autobiography, recently published by the Macmillans. A man's own views of himself, his ancestry, the influences that have molded him, and the work he has sought to do, are always interesting, especially when there have been so many important activities connected with the life as there have been with that of Theodore Roosevelt. Born of sturdy Dutch ancestry, we find therein that element of determination, of resoluteness that his enemies flaunt as self-will obstinacy, and his friends applaud as sincerity and firmness. Of his father he speaks with tender affection and warm appreciation. He evidently gained much from him. "I never knew anyone who got greater joy out of living than did my father, or any- one who more whole-heartedly per- formed every duty; and no one whom I have ever met approached his combination of enjoyment of life and performance of duty... He was the best man I ever knew. He combined strength and courage with gentleness, tenderness and great usefulness. He would not tolerate in us children selfishness or cruelty, idleness, cowardice or untruthfulness. As we grew older he made us understand that the same standard of clean living was demanded for the boys as for the girls; that what was wrong in a woman could not be right in a man. With great love and patience, and the most understanding By George Wharton James sympathy and consideration, he combined insistence on discipline." And he speaks equally well of his mother. She "was a sweet, gracious, beautiful, Southern woman, a delightful companion and beloved by everybody. She was entirely 'unreconstructed' to the day of her death. . . . She was not only a most devoted mother, but was also blessed with a strong sense of humor," which was once taxed to the utmost. Somehow Theodore had learned that his father and mother were not in accord on the Civil War, he being a Lincoln republican, and one day, his mother having had to rebuke or punish him in some way, he "attempted a partial vengeance by praying with loud fervor for the success of the Union arms," when the children all came to say their prayers before his mother in the evening. He made his first trip to Europe when he was ten years old, and frankly tells us that he hated it, tho when he went again, four years later, he was old enough to enjoy it and profit by it. Early in life he manifested his love for natural history. When a youngster of thirteen he took lessons in taxidermy, and it was this that first directed his attention to collecting specimens and mounting them for preservation. He was only fourteen when he went up the Nile and to Palestine, and birds that he then collected and stuffed are now to be seen in the Smithsonian and the American Museum in New York. In 1876 he went to Harvard and graduated in 1880. The following characteristic lines give his idea of one phase of college and school life which I heartily agree with: "I had at the time no idea of going into public life, and I never studied elocution or practiced debating. This was a loss to me in one way. In another it was not. Personally I have OUT WEST THEODORE ROOSEVELT not the slightest sympathy with debating contests in which each side is arbitrarily assigned a given proposition and told to maintain it without the least reference to whether those maintaining it believe in it or not. I know thet under our system this is necessary for lawyers, but I emphatically disbelieve in it as regards general discussion of political, social and industrial matters. What is needed is to turn out of our colleges young men with ardent convictions on the side of the right; not young men who can make a good argument for either right or wrong, as their interest bids them. The present method of carrying on debates courages precisely the wrong attitude among those who take part in them. There is no effort to instill sincerity and intensity of conviction. On the contrary, the net result is to make the contestants feel that their convictions have nothing to do with their arguments." 84 OUT WEST While still in college he determined to follow a scientific career, and it was this that no doubt has given the scientific bent to his hunting expeditions of later years. He is a trained and scientific naturalist. I wish I had space to quote in full his own ideas of the social results of his years at Harvard. They will certainly set the thoughtful man thinking. The second chapter deals with "The Vigor of Life," and it tells us in vigorous and refreshing fashion how he changed himself from a "sickly boy, with no natural bodily prowess," to the strenuous man as the world knows him. He studied boxing under an ex-prize-fighter, became a good horseback rider, hunted with the hounds on Long Island (in one of the hunts of which he broke his arm), walked and climbed, in winter went through the woods on snowshoes, became a hunter of deer and thus prepared himself later to be a hunter of lions, elephants, rhinoceroses, buffalo and grizzly bears. He tells a most amusing and characteristic story of the only guide that he had difficulty with, the way he got at Theodore's whisky flask—later he never took anything of that kind—got drunk, and became ugly, and how he was finally brought to time. Men who live sedentary lives should read the whole of this chapter. It will pay them back a hundred fold every year the cost of the book in increased vigor, efficiency and physical comfort. There is all the difference in the world between not feeling sick and being actively, radiantly, exuberantly healthy. ROOSEVELT AND HIS FIRST GRAND-CHILD AT SAGAMORE HILL THE OBSTACLE RACE AROUND THE OLD BARN-ROOSEVELT AND HIS CHILDREN OUT WEST 85 Roosevelt tells how he became the latter. And the heads of the army and navy, and the people who foot the bills for these rather expensive national luxuries, should read what he says about the physical tests for officers and men. During Roosevelt's administration these tests were made to mean something, but unfortunately since then they have been reduced in vigor until they now mean nothing and might as well be abolished for any good they do. The close of this chapter contains some "bully" philosophy that Roosevelt adduces from his own experience and that every school-boy and girl might read with advantage. When we come to politics in the third chapter, Roosevelt clearly and simply outlines the reasons that influenced him in all the important actions of his life. It is well to read such accounts, especially if one can feel that he is dealing with a sincere and honest man. Personally I do feel this, in spite of the fierce attacks made by his enemies upon both his honesty and sincerity. But by far the most interesting chapter in the book, from the Western standpoint, is that entitled, "In Cowboy Land." In 1883 he went to Little Missouri and took charge of two cattle ranches. "It was still the Wild West. . . . That land of the West has gone now, 'gone, gone with lost Atlantis,' gone to the isle of ghosts and of strange dead memories. It was a land of scattered ranches, of herds of long-horned cattle, and of reckless riders who, unmoved, looked in the eyes of life or of death. In that land we led a free and hardy life, with horse and with rifle. We worked under the scorching midsummer sun, when the wide plains shimmered and waved in the heat; and we knew the freezing misery of riding night guard round the cattle in the late fall round-up. In the soft springtime the stars were glorious in our eyes each night before we fell asleep; and in the winter we rode thru blinding blizzards, when the driven snow-dust burnt our faces. There were monotonous days, as we guided the trail cattle or the beef herds, hour after hour, at the slowest of walks; and minutes or hours teeming with excitement as we stopt stampedes or swam the herds across rivers treacherous with quicksands or brimmed with running ice. We knew toil and hardship and hunger and thirst; and we saw men die violent deaths as they worked among the horses and cattle, or fought in evil feuds with one another; but we felt the beat of hardy life in our veins, and ours was the glory of work and the joy of living." ROOSEVELT AND THE CHILDREN OF THE NEW YORK TENEMENTS 86 OUT WEST Imagine the cold-blooded, deliberate, prim, proper, “normal” men of the world sitting in judgment upon the acts of a man whose blood was filled with the red corpuscles of such an open-air, rough- and-tumble life. Few men realize the difference in outlook that is inseparable from two such different classes of lives The one is big, robust and strong as comports with the life and environment, the other may be big, but it is more formal, less natural and spontaneous, and is inclined to be hampered with artificial limitations. The succeeding chapters are on “Applied Idealism,” dealing with his Civil Service work; “The New York Police;” “The War of America the Unready,” in which he gives effective reply to some of his critics; “The New York Governorship;” “Outdoors and Indoors;” “The Presidency;” “The Natural Resources of the Nation;” “The Big Stick and The Square Deal;” “Social and Industrial Justice;” “Monroe Doctrine and the Panama Canal;” and “The Peace of Righteousness.” It is a big book about a big man, written in a big, hearty, simple, natural fashion. That Roosevelt possesses the saving grace of humor, inherited from his mother, is evidenced from many of the incidents and stories he relates, and the republication of some of the comic cartoons the newspapers have published at different times in his career. One of the funny ones is here reproduced, showing Roosevelt and the Emperor William of Germany as “kindred spirits of the strenuous life.” His profound sympathy for children— his own as well as others—is well illustrated in three of our illustrations. One shows his joy with his first grand-child at Sagamore Hill, another a group of his own children running an obstacle race around the old barn, and still another in a group of the New York tenement children. Let us not forget, in forming our estimate of this man, that there are certain things he did that only a good man would have done as he did; he endeavored to get every possible advantage for the poor children of the New York tenements; he endeavored to secure to every man the right accorded him by law, to vote without fear according to the dictates of his conscience, and to have his vote counted as it was recorded, to conserve for the benefit of the masses of the people the great natural resources of the country; to secure for the poor man as many actual advantages before the law as are possessed by the rich man and that, more than any other president, he inculcated and aroused the spirit of civic and national righteousness thruout the land. “KINDRED SPIRITS OF THE STRENUOUS LIFE.” Drawn for Punch by E. T. Reed 87 “PROCESS, NOT PRODUCTS” Upon this slogan San Diego has built a Fair that is Unique and Prophetic, the Herald of a Revolution in Expositions. By Mark S. Watson Director of Exploitation and Publicity, Panama-California Exposition ESSENTIALLY Western is the Panama- California Exposition, which will open at San Diego on New Year’s eve to remain open until the last stroke of midnight a year later. The extraordinary harmony of sea and sky and mountain, of mesa and canyon, of graceful Spanish buildings and gorgeous flora, is the more extraordinary in that it is typical of one land—the American West. There have been great world’s fairs in the past. Chicago’s twenty-one years ago probably set the high mark for grandeur, but it might have been held in New York or Boston or New Orleans or any other city on the globe so far as individuality was concerned. That at St. Louis was only a transplanted Chicago fair. Those at Rome and Paris have been only scantily typical of their cities. And therein San Diego differs. There are other marked points of difference, but this is perhaps the most striking. The furtherest south of Uncle Sam’s Pacific ports might have started out to build an exposition of the old type. It might have put up building along Greek and Roman lines in more or less successful emulation of past events. Had such a program been followed, it is a question whether the Panama-California Exposition would have been entitled to any particular attention or would have obtained any. Certainly nothing would have been created. But that program was not followed. LOOKING EAST IN THE PRADO 88 OUT WEST WITHIN THE PATIO OF THE SCIENCE AND EDUCATION BUILDING The managers were wise enough to see the scenic possibilities. An Easter landscape architect with an international reputation was brought to Balboa Park and turned loose in the 1,400 acres of sun-baked adobe soil, in which nothing at that time grew except sage and cactus. He looked at improved gardens whose soil was ideal—save that it was watered —and he began to make some suggestions. When he finished, there were suggestions from others, California being particularly long on suggestions, and finally the type of city to rise on the high mesa was agreed upon. That was three years ago, two years after the Exposition was chartered, and in all this time there has been no consideration great enough to bring about a change which would detract to an infinitesimal degree from the spirit of the project— the Spanish Colonial architecture. Remember, historians, antiquarians, painters, architects, remember that for nearly one hundred and fifty years there has been standing a memorable row of twenty-one buildings, stretching from San Diego northward for seven hundred miles, flawless examples of the Spanish Colonial school. There is nothing in California that has been of greater delight to the tourist than have these OUT WEST 89 ACROSS THE CITRUS ORCHARD buildings—the old missions along El Camino Real. No other type of edifice could harmonize more perfectly with California scenery. And yet pitifully little use has been made of these impressive invitations to modern architects to go and do likewise. San Diego has accepted the invitation, and on the mesa of Balboa Park now stand buildings that are uniformly Spanish, whether they be of the mission type, the cathedral of the residential type, or composites of the three. A curious evidence of the possibilities of this school is found in the juxtaposition of the California State Building, wonderfully ornate, and the Ethnology Building, quite as markedly plain and austere. And yet they harmonize perfectly. One has only to see what the Renaissance has done to believe fully that it will last, that buildings to be erected for many years to come will follow closely the Spanish ideas and establish in Southern California a new architectural idea which will be as typical as it is beautiful. Today it is almost unbelievable that only a short time ago this park was a bare desert. The picture one gets is unforgettable. The route from the waterfront is up an easy grade, the last few hundred yards thru a rich parkway. There is a great arch, and beneath it a ribbon of smooth highway which stretches for nearly a quarter of a mile over a majestic viaduct, the Puente Cabrillo, whose seven piers rise 135 feet from a pool in the bottom of the canyon. Ahead is a rose wall, and beyond it the white walls of the Spanish city—the Exposition Beautiful—lofty tower and tiled dome rising quietly above the mission bells in the arches. A smaller memorial gate there is at the inner gate, its statuary and cartouch worn and chipped by the facile hand of the sculptor so that they look as tho they might have stood there for centuries. A few steps—a gate clangs behind you —and the change is made. A moment ago you were in a humming American city of the twentieth century; now you 90 OUT WEST VIEW OF THE MODEL FARM have stepped back three hundred years, and about you is a city of old Spain. The Prado is lined with green trees and lawns. Up the facades of the buildings on either side clamber the rose and the bougainvillea and the honeysuckle, whose fragrance you seek to dissociate from that of the orange blooms in the citrus orchard far down the lane of trees. A slim Caballero saunters past, a sedate friar eyes you curiously from the stone colonnade of the mission. From the palms in the patio about the corner come the faint thrum of the guitar and the click of the castanet, and suddenly out darts a troup of dancing girls, the whirl of their scarlet skirts and the shower of confetti frightening the pigeons from their nap and sending the birds fluttering and protesting to the campanile of the cathedral across the Plaza. An extraordinary effect it is, one that makes the tourist gasp a bit and lean back and stare, and smile that such things can be—that romance is not dead and beauty not forgotten in these commercial days. There is a tendency, as one stands across the canyon and looks at the Puente and the towers and domes and smooth walls, to compare it to some unseen oriental city—perhaps to Bagdad (that is, the dream of Bagdad, not the real city, which is something entirely different). It is easy to trace this Eastern influence on the Moors who brought it into Spain. Beautiful it all is, and the more beautiful because it is new to the average tourist. The resident of any great city has seen splendid buildings, and would have gone away unimprest by buildings of conventional design, whatever their size. But he can not be unimprest by buildings of this sort, buildings which appear to have grown on that mesa as naturally as the vines which cover them and the trees and shrubs which surround them. That is the potency of San Diego’s architectural renaissance. In a way, the physical appearance of an Exposition is its most important asset, for much depends on first impressions. The best possible exhibit would be wasted in unattractive surroundings. Hence the stress which is laid on the unrivaled beauty of this landscape, due of course in great measure to contour, and a climate which knows not frost, nor OUT WEST 91 A COURT OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COUNTIES BUILDING torrid heat, nor long rainy season. Without the twelve months’ growing season the horticultural wonders could not have evolved. But beauty is not all. In just as striking measure as in architecture, the Exposition has built its plans on entirely new lines. The architectural inspiration is permanent, and every bit as permanent is the broad service of the Exposition as an upbuilder. Of San Diego? Probably. Of Southern California? Certainly. Of 92 OUT WEST the Southwest, the whole West? Unquestionably. The central idea in this new type of Exposition is best seen by tracing its origin. Remember, then, that while San Diego’s Exposition was chartered several months in advance of that at San Francisco, the latter was the first to obtain general recognition and announce the program—for holding an international fair partaking of the general nature of the fairs at Chicago and St. Louis. This left San Diego with a realization that if a similar plan were followed in the southern city there would be mere duplication of effort with a certainty of competition and a likelihood of mutual injury. Thus, largely thru necessity, came the germ of the new idea. Eventually it will be seen that San Francisco’s stand was really the most fortunate possible event for San Diego, for the southern city was practically forced by good judgement to start out afresh and create something. What was created was the new type of Exposition, a type which one is forced to believe must standardize future expositions. Theoretically the prime object of an exposition is to call attention to the exhibits. Actually—you who went to past world’s fairs will admit it—the exhibits have been of minor importance. The visitor has recalled the amusement features many times, but not the faintest glimmering of the exhibits exists in his mind. And the sole reason is that the exhibits of the past have not merited permanent remembrance. They have been lifeless, beautiful perhaps in cases, certainly large, but there has been no definite appeal. If you can remember the food products exhibits at all, which is not likely, you will remember they were not materially different from the exhibits on the shelves of the grocery. There was nothing about them to attract attention when the visitor could have seen them in the store about the corner from his house or his office in his home town. That is what San Diego changed. Other expositions have had stacks and pyramids and globes of oranges. San Diego has a growing citrus orchard, with the oranges, the lemons, the grapefruit and the kindred citrus fruits hanging from the heavy boughs. Other expositions have had piles of tea boxes. San Diego has a growing tea plantation, with Singalese gardeners tending the plants brought here from Ceylon, and Singalese girls stripping the leaves and curing them and preparing the tea for serving. Other expositions have had sheaves and crates of vegetables. San Diego has a large acreage sown to different cereals and grasses, with machinery of the heaviest, most improved type, moving up and down the rows in operation. And down the Alameda is a model intensive farm, producing fruit and grapes and vegetables in a profusion the average, unscientifically managed farm of four or five times the acreage could not produce. These are food products. The same is true of manufacturers, of industry of every sort, a constant insistence that the exhibitor show, not finished products, but processes, not lifeless objects, but action, not things which the visitor would pass by on the run, but things which he would watch and study, taking away a definite fund of information, and a genuine inspiration and a vigorous interest in what the West is doing and is going to do. Wherein the benefit to the West? Primarily in the agricultural exhibit. Do you know that in the extreme Southwest there are about 8,000,000 acres of agricultural land under cultivation today? Do you know this acreage is producing $143,000,000 a year in farm products alone, exclusive of minerals and manufactures? Do you know there remains untouched an area of 36,000,000 acres, potentially just as good? Do you realize that on the same scale of operation this acreage has a potential annual output of $640,000,000. These figures are based on the United States census returns, which the Exposition statisticians have been studying carefully. There merit further study. The particular point is this. The only way to product the extra $640,000,000 a year is to get men and women into that country, back to the land as settlers, each contributing his share. Some of these people beyond a doubt will come from Eastern farms, but thousands must OUT WEST 93 come from the cities, men who are wearied of the rush and smoke and babel of the noisy streets and yearning to get to the soil and get from it renewed life and hope—and profit. It is to them that the agricultural features of the Exposition will appeal with convincing force. In large scale farming they will see modern machinery doing the work of a hundred men. In intensive farming they will see one man—and an irrigation plant—doing work the old-time farmer would have thought impossible. They will see labor decreased in the meadow, in the barn, in the dairy. And, what is quite as important, their wives will see labor decreased in the kitchen, the laundry and the sewing room. They will see that the “little lander” is not only making a good profit, but by working a small unit is not deprived of family life, and by having neighbors working small units is guaranteed the benefits of community life, good roads, good schools and churches and the same social advantages that the town offers. The model bungalow is probably just as important as the model orchard and truck garden and poultry yard which lie about it. It is the best single answer to the question of “how to keep the girl on the farm.” It proves there is nothing about the farm to make impossible the comforts of modern home economy. Mighty things are expected of this back-to-the-land movement. There have been magazine articles and lectures in plenty, and land shows, seeking this object, to turn the tide back from the city to the rural districts, and all have failed largely, for just the same reason the old-time exhibits failed. The methods were not interesting. There is a reality, a vigor, an earnestness about this new type of exposition—the exposition of processes—that interests even the casual observer, and makes him an eager student. It will make the settlers that the new West needs. Here are two dominant ideas, then, an unrivaled beauty and a great purpose which seems bound for fulfillment. Dominant as they are, the other features cannot be ignored, notably the wealth of other exhibits gathered from different parts of the world and so arranged as to partake somewhat of the nature of entertainment. For example, there is the remarkable collection of ethnological exhibits representing years of Central and South American research by the Smithsonian Institute, the School of American Archaeology and other scientific bodies. These include working demonstrations of the arts and crafts of all the American peoples, present and past, with some invaluable relics excavated from a forgotten Maya village and other villages of the ancient dwellers in the western continent. A noteworthy part of this division is that it is a personal exhibit for San Diego, housed in buildings that are permanent and will form a state museum to stand for all time to show to the world the life and manners of the ancient nations who have passed from sight and almost from memory. There are exhibits in plenty of the present-day crafts, shown with particular vividness in the “Painted Desert,” where men and women of the pueblos and the wandering tribes will show their life and customs all thru the year—weaving their blankets, making their bead embroidery, shaping their pottery—again the persistent idea of processes, not products. All is alive, all is breathing, all is interesting. Above all stands out the sincerity of purpose, and its broad scope. It is an exposition not, like others, for “booming” a small community, but for starting a genuine movement that will benefit a vast undeveloped empire, and thru that development aid the whole agricultural industry, general business and national prosperity. 94 CRIME—- The Great Human Disease and It’s Remedy By Jack Athens THERE are just two classes of people in prison—those who ought to be at liberty, and those who ought not to have been born. (I use the word “prison” broadly, referring to hold-overs, jails, workhouses, reformatories, detention homes, so-called industrial schools, penitentiaries, chain-gangs, poor-houses and asylums of all sorts for the restraint of the mentally deranged.) For all of these, Society, the master-spendthrift of human energy, is responsible. And thru all the centuries Society has evaded its obligation—at its own expense. A crime is committed. A man (and frequently just any man will satisfy the prosecution) is locked up in a prison. The energies of one man cease to be of use to any one—and other energies are expended to restrain him. It is like giving opium for a headache. The headache disappears, but the cause remains at best unchanged, and usually aggravated and augmented. The whole legal system of the world, as it relates to crime, pauperism and the forms of insanity, is directed at the suppression of the headache. It rarely, if ever in effect, assails the cause of it. Relating to a single individual, the case is negligible, but relating to millions, and the children and children’s children of millions, the status of the case changes. The total number of people in legal restraint in the United States, if their energies were properly applied, would equal in productivity the population of a large state. The folly of the existing system is best understood by the casual consideration of the fact that probably no individual has ever attained his majority without having committed some offence against society, which, if legally construed, would make him liable to arrest and punishment, if not actual imprisonment. The potential population of our prisons, then, is limited only by the ability of society to build and maintain them. This condition is not growing better, but worse, as the rapidity of the forward movement of society casts a larger proportion of its individuals under foot. It is conceivable, then, that although social progress continues, theoretically, it might eventually disappear by diminishing in volume to the vanishing point. Society, it seems, is becoming a dope fiend. Contrary to medical ethics, it is and must be its own doctor, prescribing and administering its own remedies. This is good enough, if accurate, but thus far Society has never been accurate. It still takes opium for its headache. In reality, the ills of humanity should be classed broadly under one head—disease. And disease should be classified as: first, of the mind; second, of the body; third, of society itself. Of these forms of disease, secrecy aids none. Hiding a sore never heals it. Treating a sore when the infection is in the blood never benefits the patient. And all of Society’s ills are in the blood. Society must study its individuals—the elements upon which its existence depends—and act upon their indications, as the surgeon in the clinic OUT WEST 95 acts upon the indications of a patient’s symptoms. The surgeon, by the symptoms, establishes the cause and removes it. Society has a habit as old as itself of removing, hiding, denying or suppressing the symptoms, and ignoring the cause. The disease of the body is already under control, for as long as science can prevent the reduction of the earth’s population before the point where human numbers are sufficient for the performance of that day’s reparative and constructive labor, that form of disease is not retarding social progress. The disease of the mind can be controlled more slowly by two processes, both of which, in effect, are now in the most primitive stage of development. The first of these is education. The second is the process of elimination of the unfit by sterilization. The accomplishment of these purposes, while possibly consisting of heroic treatment, is, nevertheless, a simple process. There must be a careful and persistent study of the human mind, until its elements are so well understood that the fit may be separated from the unfit with accuracy, and the latter class forbidden to propagate—not only forbidden, but physically prevented. So well must the human mind be mastered that it will be possible for the capacity and detailed tendencies of each individual to be known at a sufficiently early age for that individual to be trained to efficiency in the work for which he is fitted. He may then accomplish as high a purpose as he has the capacity to appreciate. This is the only true education. The diseases of Society itself consist of the combined aliments of many individuals, or, if such a thing be possible, the aggregate ignorance and inefficiency of any group of individuals or of Society itself. This condition will automatically succumb to the treatment prescribed under the name of education. Crime is merely a name. It applies to variations of all of the forms of human ills. Pauperism and insanity are only names. Bodily ills, ills of the mind, and the failure of Society to provide equipment and opportunity to its individuals—these are the causes. Society has before it, then, for its own preservation, these works to pursue: 1. The elimination of the unfit. 2. The correct classification and equipment of each individual. 3. The unrelenting war upon bodily disease. This third work named is one that will go on automatically. The second is one that has been attempted and bungled miserably. The educational systems of the world must be revised and refounded upon the theory of individuality instead of the existing theory of averages. Dr. Maria Montesorri is probably the only living leader who is proceeding upon the correct course and even her theories are being sadly distorted and misapplied in the majority of places where they have been tried without Dr. Montesorri’s personal supervision. The first work prescribed has been begun in a mild way, having been introduced in the State of Indiana a few years ago by a statute applying the process of sterilization to confirmed criminals. The effect of the statue was largely discounted by the attitude of a blind governor who opposed it and partly by the limitation of the class against which it was directed. However, other states have followed the Hoosier example, and it is only a question of time until the process of sterilization becomes an accepted practice generally. 96 MY FIRST DUEL A manuscript never included in the published works of its author. By MARK TWAIN With Introduction by Glenn D. Hurst IN the official oath administered to all state and county officials, directors of corporations and even the school teachers, of Nevada, is the following paragraph: “And I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have not fought a duel, nor sent or accepted a challenge to fight a duel, nor been a second to either party, nor in any manner aided or assisted in such a duel, or been knowingly the bearer of such a challenge or acceptance since the adoption of the constitution of the State of Nevada, and that I will not be so engaged or concerned directly or indirectly in or about such duel during my continuance in office.” Nevada’s anti-dueling oath is the ghost of the chivalrous and fire-eating era which prevailed in California and Nevada fifty years ago. In pioneer times the “blood atonement” was considered the only satisfactory settlement for affairs of honor; the duello was an accepted institution, and its votaries were many and from all classes. It was a virile institution adopted by a virile period. If life was as intrepid and forceful today as it was then, if editors and lawyers and politicians wrote and spoke as harshly and as uncompromisingly now as they did fifty years ago, there would undoubtedly be an occasional duel today to jar the proprieties. Young hot bloods from the south, who joined in the rush of “forty-nine,” bought the code duello to the West. It flourished in California to such an extent during the “fifties” that the epoch has been termed the “California inferno.” With the discovery of the Washoe gold and silver mines in 1859, Nevada became the stamping-ground for the fire-eaters. In the days when Virginia City had a man for breakfast every morning, the formal duel contributed its share to the menu. It was to put a check on the practice that the framers of the Nevada constitution incorporated the anti-dueling oath. Prior to the admission of Nevada many other states had embodied in their fundamental law provisions against dueling. Michigan, Connecticut and California withheld the right to vote and hold office from any citizen who engaged in a duel. Virginia and Missouri disqualified them in these respects and charged the estate of the successful duelist with the support of the widow and orphans of the unfortunate antagonist. Alabama, Iowa, Indiana and Ohio were less severe, depriving the duelist of the right to hold office, but not withholding the right of suffrage. The Nevadans determined to lay the ax to the root of the tree by forcing an oath upon all officials to refrain from the practice, and naming heavy penalties to be dealt to the principals, the seconds and the bearers of challenges or acceptances. The first draft of the constitution provided that all electors should take the oath. Many words were spilled in debate before it was agreed to administer it to office-holders only. While the serious lawmakers were debating, Mark Twain, who was reporting the convention for the Territorial Enterprise, offered the following substitute oath in his mock “third house:” “We do solemnly affirm that we have never seen a duel, never been connected with a duel, never heard of a duel, never sent a challenge, never fought a duel and don’t want to.” Mark Twain afterward left the borders of Nevada between two suns, in 1863, to escape arrest for sending a challenge and preparing to fight a duel. The affair developed in the course of his editorial labors on the Enterprise. The proprietor of the Enterprise, Joseph T. Goodman, who gave Mark Twain his first editorial position and encouraged him in his early literary efforts, had engaged in a duel late in the fall of 1862, his antagonist having been Colonel Tom Fitch, the editor of the Union, a rival newspaper. Goodman and Fitch belonged to opposing factions of the Unionist party, then striving to frame a constitution for the new state. Their differences drew them into an editorial combat which waxed warmer and warmer, until an unusually caustic editorial from Goodman’s pen called forth the following reply for Fitch in the next issue of the Union: “The logic of the editor of the Enterprise is like the peace of God.” It was seemingly a very concilliatory answer. A friend of Goodman’s came into the Enterprise office within a few hours with his finger on a verse of Holy Writ. It was the interpretation of the “peace of God.” It read: “The peace of God, which passeth all understanding.” A duel was arranged to be fought in Six Mile Canyon. Mark Twain was present to record the gory details. Before the principals faced each other the sheriff arrived and arrested OUT WEST 97 the entire party. Fitch and Goodman were put under bonds for ten thousand dollars to keep the peace. Each deposited ten thousand in cash with his bondsmen, and another meeting was arranged to take place in Washoe Valley, fifteen miles away. Goodman was an expert pistol shot, and Fitch was uncertain. Goodman told his seconds that he would let Fitch fire first, and that he would return the fire with the intention of inflicting only a slight flesh wound. Fitch’s bullet went wide of the mark, and Goodman’s shot sent Fitch stumbling forward with a fractured patella. The Enterprise-Union fued crystalized a few months later in another meeting on the field of honor, in which Mark Twain represented the Enterprise, and J. L. Laird, the Union. Mark Twain told the details of this affair in an account written for Tom Hood’s Comic Annual in 1871. This description has not been included in the published works of Mark Twain, and probably has not been in print since its appearance over forty years ago. The unwritten history of Nevada has it that Governor Nye sent officers to arrest Twain and Laird when he was notified that preparations for a duel were in progress. He intended to make severe examples of them as a warning to other duelists. They were told thru unofficial channels that the officers were coming, and they made their escape across the California line the night before the duel was scheduled. Here is the way Mark Twain tells the story: THE only merit I claim for the following narrative is that it is a true store. It has a moral at the end of it, but I claim nothing on that, as it is merely thrown in to curry favor with the religious element. After I had reported a couple of years on the Virginia City Daily Enterprise, they promoted me to be editor-in-chief, and I lasted just a week, by the watch. But I made it an uncommonly lively newspaper while I did last, and when I retired I had a duel on my hands, and three horsewhippings promised me. The latter I made no attempt to collect; however, the story concerns only the former. It was the old “flush times” of the silver excitement, when the population was wonderfully wide and mixed. Everybody went armed to the teeth, and all slights and insults had to be atoned for with the best article of blood your system could furnish. In the course of my editing I made trouble with Mr. Laird, editor of the rival paper. He flew up about some little trifle or other that I said about him—I do not remember now what it was. I suppose I called him a thief, or a body-snatcher, or an idiot, or something like that. I was obliged to make the paper readable, and I could not fail in my duty to the whole community of subscribers merely to save the exaggerated sensitiveness of an individual. Laird was offended and replied vigorously in his paper. Vigorously means a great deal when it refers to a personal editorial in a frontier newspaper. Dueling was all the fashion among the upper classes in that country, and very few gentlemen would throw away an opportunity to fight one. To kill a person in a duel caused a man to be even more looked up to than to kill two persons in the ordinary way. Well, out there, if you abused a man and that man did not like it, you had to call him out and kill him; otherwise you would be disgraced. So I challenged Laird, and I did hope he would not accept. I knew perfectly well that he did not want to fight, and so I challenged him in the most violent and implacable manner. And then I sat down and suffered and suffered until the answer came. All our boys—the editors—were in our office helping me in the dismal business, and telling about duels, and discussing the code with a lot of aged ruffians who had experience in such things, and altogether there was a loving interest taken in the matter, which made me unspeakably uncomfortable. The answer came—Laird declined. Our boys were furious, and so was I—on the surface. I sent him another challenge, and another, and the more he did not want to fight the blood-thirstier I became. But at last the man’s tone changed. He appeared to be waking up. It was becoming apparent that he was going to fight me, after all. I ought to have known how it would be—he was a man who could never be depended upon. Our boys were exultant. I was not, tho I tried to be. It was now time to go out and practice. It was the custom there to fight duels with navy six-shooters at fifteen paces, load and empty till the game for the funeral was secured. We went to a little ravine just outside of town, and borrowed a barn door for a target—borrowed it from a gentleman who was absent—and we stood 98 OUT WEST the barn door up, and stood a rail on end against the middle of it, to represent Laird, and put a squash on top of the rail to represent his head. He was a very tall, lean creature, the poorest sort of material for a duel—nothing but a line shot could fetch him, and even then he might split your bullet. Exaggeration aside, the rail was, of course, a little too thin to represent his body accurately, but the squash was alright. If there was any intellectual difference between the squash and his head, it was in favor of the squash. Well, I practiced and practiced at the barn door, and could not hit it; and I practiced at the rail, and could not hit that; and I tried hard for the squash, and could not hit the squash. I would have been entirely disheartened, but that occasionally I crippled one of the boys, and that encouraged me to hope. At last we began to hear pistol shots near-by in the next ravine. We knew what that meant. The other party was out practicing too. Then I was in the last degree distrest; for, of course, those people would hear our shots and would send spies over the ridge, and the spies would find my barn door without a wound or a scratch, and that would simply be the end of me, for of course the other man would be as blood-thirsty as I was. Just at this moment a little bird, no larger than a sparrow, flew by and lit on a sagebush, about thirty paces away, and my second, Stave Gillis, who was a matchless marksman with a pistol—much better than I was—snatched out his revolver and shot the bird’s head off. We all ran to pick up the game, and sure enough, just at that moment some of the other duelists came reconnoitering over the ridge. They ran to out group to see what the matter was, and when they saw the bird, Laird’s second said: “That was a splendid shot. How far off was it?” Steve said with some indifference, “Oh, no great distance. About thirty paces.” “Thirty paces! Heavens alive, who did it?” “My man—Twain.” “The mischief he did! Can he do that often?” “Well, yes, He can do it about- well- about four times out of five.” I knew the little rascal was lying, but I never said anything. I never told him so. He was not of a disposition to invite confidences of that kind, so I let the matter rest. But it was a comfort to see those people look sick, and see their under jaws drop when Stave made these statements. They went off and got Laird and took him home; and when we got home, half an hour later, there was a note saying that Laird peremptorily declined to fight. It was a narrow escape. We found out afterward that Laird hit his mark thirteen times out of eighteen shots. If he had put those thirteen bullets thru me it would have narrowed my sphere of usefulness a good deal—would have well nigh closed it, in fact. True, they could have put pegs in the holes and used me for a hat rack, but what is a hat rack to a man who feels he has intellectual powers? I would scorn such a position. I have written this true incident of my personal history for one purpose, and one purpose only—to warn the youth of the day against the pernicious practice of dueling, and to plead with them to war against it. If the remarks and suggestions I am making can be of any use to Sunday-school teachers, and papers interested in the moral progress of society, they are at liberty to use then, and I shall be even grateful to have them widely disseminated, so they may do as much good as possible. I was young and foolish when I challenged that gentleman, and I thought it was very fine and grand to be as duelist, and stand upon the “field of honor.” But I am older and more experienced now, and am inflexibly opposed to the dreadful custom. I am glad, indeed, to be able to lift up my voice against it. I think it is a bad, immoral thing. I think it is every man’s duty to do everything he can to discourage dueling. I always do now; I discourage it upon every occasion. If a man were to challenge me now—now that I can fully appreciate the iniquity of that practice—I would go to that man and take him by the hand and lead him to a quiet, retired room—and kill him. 99 The Voice of the West War looms darkly on the European horizon—looms more darkly than ever before in the world’s history. Yet, out of this dark threat and its possible, even probable, realization in calamity, may come the solution of the age-long problem of international government and the accomplishment of world-peace. Let us dream awhile for sometimes dreams do come true. Since time began the world has been the least governed of its parts. A small state boasts its system of government. Every nation has it. The world has none. Each petty state, then, governmentally, is in advance of the world at large. Why? It is unreasonable and extravagant. There is no more reason why the nations, individually, whould have either the cause or the right to quarrel among themselves than there is that the individual states of the United States should have cause or right for such action. The tendency of modern times is toward centralization, and the time has come when the world needs and should have a central government, democratic in form, but supreme in power over each of its subdivisions. Such a government could, and eventually will, be modelled after the present system in the United States, with a world capital, perhaps located on continental Europe, perhaps upon some neutral island of the sea, where a gigantic wireless system and aerial navigation headquarters can keep it in touch with all of its “states.” That such a possibility might be accomplished out of the present threatened international war is not unreasonable. If the 34,000,000 men, said to be available in Europe, are hurled at each other’s throats, the resultant paroxysm would inevitably leave the continent gasping and impotent. Even then, it is unlikely that a truly peaceful settlement of affairs would be attained without the support of some outside power, like the United States, to the stronger integral of the contending forces. What then? Suppose the American continents should unite with the other nations of the world not involved in the war and declare an international court to undertake the policing of the whole situation? What would be more natural then than the establishment of an international congress, backed up by the armies and navies of the remaining civilized world? It would overshadow all opposition. Its decrees would be absolute. The next and most natural step would be the creation of representative government— world-wide. The disarmament of all nations, turning these arms into the police force of the international government, would be the clinching move. And then the dream of world-peace would be accomplished. It is a dream no more wild than it would have been a hundred years ago to dream of California as a state equally represented at Washington with Virginia. And yet— Comes a morbid thought. The world’s progress has been from east to west. Is this the final disintegration of civilization in Europe—the passing of all power and high enlightenment to America?—— Preparatory to us passing it on some day to the Orient? An organized effort is being made on the West Coast to give a new and effective protection to the guests who come to that section during the two great Pacific fairs at San Diego and San Francisco in 1915. If these plans, which have been fathered by the Los Angeles Ad. Club, are carried out, there will be a definite limit placed upon real estate operations by the realty boards thru departments of valuations. It is designed to have an appraising committee or board to pass upon the prices charged for all lands sold to visitors in and near each city. This means the death of the land shark. OUT WEST ADVERTISING SECTION NABISCO Sugar Wafers THESE incomparable sweets are the most universally popular of all dessert confections. Whether served at dinner, afternoon tea or any social gathering, Nabisco Sugar Wafers are equally delightful and appropriate. In ten-cent tins; also in twenty-five-cent tins. ADORA Another dessert delight. Wafers of pleasing size and from with a bountiful confectionery filling. Another help to the hostess. In ten-cents tins. NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY 101 EL PASO, The Metropolis of The Southwestern Empire By A. W. Reeves Secretary of the El Paso Chamber of Commerce EL Paso is a surprize. It is an agreeable one to the tourist, a most highly satisfactory one to the investor and business man, a fulfillment of the long-life dream of the farmer, and a delightful surprize to the one seeking an ideal climate, possessing those health-giving quantities eagerly sought by so many thousands in our country today. There is a sense of pleasant anticipation with the traveler alighting from the train in this city, at a modern union station, reaching here after a six hundred-mile ride from Dallas or San Antonio, the last large town in Kansas, seven hundred miles from Denver—these rides being across mountain and plain; or eight hundred miles from Los Angeles, where en route he has passed thru desert and over plain and plateau. The real surprize comes, however, when, after a ride of a few blocks in an electric car or in an automobile over paved streets—of which there are nearly fifty miles in our city—he finds himself in an up-to-date, cosmopolitan center, with stately buildings, attractive stores and most modern hotels. This surprize increases when, after a little remodeling of the personal adornment, which he readily concludes is necessary in order to keep pace with the appearance of his surroundings, Mr. Traveler starts for a little tour around town, using as his roadway our cement sidewalks—of which we boast nearly ninety miles. Nearly all modern cities of a couple of thousand people have large buildings, attractive stores containing the finest of goods, beautiful window displays, substantial banking houses and other features that attract the shopper and business man, but no other city of fifty-five thousand people is in the El Paso classes, consequently his surprize is increased to wonder. After inspecting some of the clubs, public buildings, churches, and viewing the public parks and best residence sections—in which there is not a single frame house—his wonder is turned to admiration, but when attention is called to the heavy wholesale interests and he has seen something of the manufacturing industries of the city, he stops and exclaims: “What Makes This Possible?” If this traveler be a stranger in this section of the United States he cannot be blamed for not knowing that in the vast Empire surrounding El Paso there are many rich valleys producing all fruits, grains and vegetables; thru the mountain passes there are great orchards where are grown the most beautiful and lucious apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums and other fruits, as well as the very best vegetables. In Masonic Temple in El Paso this Empire are great ranches dotted with cattle and sheep, and this territory is one of the greatest mining sections of North America. Yes, these is some reason for his thinking that he should have seen more evidence of these things on the trip here, altho when the railways were built it was not the purpose of those in charge of the construction to pass thru these large ranches, transverse these rich valleys or touch the great mining camps where there are now from one to three smelters, but the plan was to follow the line of least resistance. In fact, when these railway lines were built these irrigated valleys and rich gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc and quick-silver mines were only partially developed. With so large a territory with such unlimited resources, rapid development and tremendous volume of business, must not a commercial center be the inevitable result? Due largely to the superior facilities of communication, and this by reason of the natural pass which makes possible the construction of not only transcontinental railways as well as north and south lines, and at the lowest cost, taken together with the location as the natural gateway to Mexico, resulted in El Paso becoming this commercial center. 102 OUT WEST Community Advertising Section An El Paso Street Scene Community Advertising Section OUT WEST 103 ROBERT KRAKAUER PRESIDENT EL PASO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE VICE PRES. KRAKAUER, ZORK, and MOYE'S, S. [?] LARGEST HARDWARE AND MINING SUPPLY HOUSE IN THE SO. WEST. HE IS A PIONEER OF 35 YEARS AND ONE OF THE MOST ENERGETIC BOOSTERS OF THE QUEEN CITY OF THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. KRACKAJACK HENRY. S. BEACH LARGEST IMPORTER OF MEXICAN HANDICRAFT IN THE U.S. MR. BEACH HAS ALWAYS TAKEN A LEADING PART IN PROMOTING THE BEST INTERESTS OF EL PASO -- IS PAST PRES. TOLTEC CLUB. - VICE PRES. COUNTRY CLUB DIRECTOR CHAMBER OF COMMERCE LIFE MEMBER 187 ELKS AND AN ALL ROUND LIVE WIRE BOOSTER "HELP THE SOUTHWEST GROW" CLAIBORNE ADAMS ONE OF THE BOOSTERS OF THE ENTIRE SOUTHWEST, PRES. ROTARY CLUB AND ADCLUB DIRECTOR CHAMBER OF COMMERCE MGR. GLOBE MILLS. AS "ANDY REEVES SAYS CLAIBORNE IS AN ALL ROUND "LIVE ONE" AND ANDY KNIGHT KNOWS MR. PRIMM VICE PRESIDENT J.F. PRIMM VICE PRES FIRST NAT. BANK. CASHIER AMERICAN TRUST AND SAVINGS BANK AND VICE PRES. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. MR PRIMM KNOWN THROUGHOUT TEXAS AS "SOME LIVE BOOSTER BURT ORNDORFF PRES. & MGR HOTEL SHELDON EL PASO'S POPULAR HOSTLERY TRAVELING MEN & CATTLEMEN BURT IS VICE PRES. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR LIVE WIRE BOOSTERS IN THE ENTIRE STATE EL PASO IS DESTINED TO BE ONE OF THE GREATEST JOBBING CENTERS IN THE UNITED STATES Geo Evans GEO EVANS SEC & GEN.MGR. EL PASO SASH & DOOR CO. HE IS A LIVE DIRECTOR OF CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND A PUBLIC SPIRITED BOOSTER FOR EL PASO'S ADVANCEMENT Officers of El Paso's Live Chamber of Commerce in Caricature The most forcible thing to the minds of those who have given the situation close study is, that El Paso is just starting on her growth and business career, and has grown without the aid of many of the important factors which in the future, will be of the greatest assistance. The rebellion in Mexico robbed this city of from 30 to 40 per cent of its trade, tho the business interests set about to offset this loss by seeking an equal volume elsewhere, and so well did they succeed that today this is larger than ever before. This statement can be verified to a certain extent by quoting the percentage of increase, over the preceeding year, of bank clearings, beginning with 1907, at which time it was thought that business had reached the high-water mark for several years to come. The percentage of increase in 1908 over the previous year was 40 per cent; 1909 over 1908, 10 per cent; 1910, 7 per cent; 1911, 9 per cent; 1912, 22 per cent; and 1913, 7 percent. The increase of 1913 over 1907 was 140 per cent. Even admitting that business would be better and the growth of the city more rapid were it not for the troubled condition south of the border, yet there is some improvement in El Paso and the surrounding section, and a few may be mentioned which are underway the current year. Uncle Sam has appropriated for work this year on the Elephant Butte Dam, which can be considered almost a part of this city, $3,686,000; is spending three-quarters of a million dollars on canals north and south of El Paso, and one-quarter of a million dollars on the canal thru the city. El Paso county will spend nearly $300,000 before the close of 1914 in adding to the mileage of the paved roads, and more than $600,000 will be spent in the enlargement of Fort Bliss in this city. In the year 1913 something more than $350,000 was 104 OUT WEST Community Advertising Section An "Aceqioa" (Irrigating Ditch) in the Rio Grande Valley expended in improvements at the great smelting plant, and in a short time more extensive improvements will be announced on which work will be begun immediately afterward. Excavations are being made for a fourteen-story building; bonds have just been sold for $200,000 high school building, which is to be one of four buildings to be erected at the rate of about one each year, upon an admirable site purchased by the city consisting of four blocks of ground. Bonds have been voted for a municipal building, on which work will start in a few months, and J.O. CROCKETT VICE PRES. MEXICO NORTHWESTERN RY. AND EL PASO SOUTHERN RY. VICE PRES. THE MADERA CO. (LT'D.,) VICE PRES. EL PASO MILLING CO.,(LT'D) DIRECTOR FIRST NAT BANK OF EL PASO MR. CROCKETT IS AT THE HEAD OF THE LARGEST LUMBER INDUSTRIES IN THE WORLD AND INTERESTED IN NUMEROUS OTHER INDUSTRIES FOR THE GROWTH OF THE ENTIRE SOUTHWEST OFFICE OF GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT MAP OF EL PASO TEXAS WE BOOST EL PASO AT ALL TIMES H.S. POTTER, GEN. SUPT. EL PASO ELECTRIC RY. CO & RIO GRANDE VALLEY TRACTION CO.— LARGEST SYSTEM IN THE SO. WEST. MR. POTTER HAS BEEN IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY 10 YEARS AND BOOSTS ALWAYS FELIX MARTINEZ PRES. WATER USERS ASSN. UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER GENERAL TO SOUTH AMERICA ONE OF THE ORGANIZERS OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. PRES. AND DIRECTOR OF MANY OF EL PASO'S BIG ENTERPRISES. IN SHORT HE IS A LOYAL BOOSTER FOR THE GREAT SOUTH WEST Three of the City's Big Boosters Community Advertising Section OUT WEST 105 J.S. CURTISS, PRES CURTISS-MANNING CO. (INC.) STOCK & BOND BROKERS. MR. CURTISS MAKES IT A PLEASAT DUTY TO BOOST FOR EL PASO EVERY WHERE HE GOES, AND J.S" TRAVELS SOME HOTEL PASO DEL NORTE IN MINIATURE S.G. HUMPHREYS PRES. & MGR OF THE PASO DEL MONTE COMPANY— THE HOTEL IS THE FINEST IN THE SO. WEST. FIRST MR. HUMPHREYS IS A BOOSTER AND THEN A HOTEL MAN FOR 30 YEARS. HE SAYS THERE IS NO WESTERN CITY TO EQUAL EL PASO AMERICAN LUMBER CO HOME BUILDERS TRI-STATE MOTOR CO. E.G. PERRY, PRES. PERRY-KIRKPATRICK REALTY CO. LARGEST BUILDERS IN EL PASO. MR. PERRY IS A LIVE WIRE FOR THE GREATER EL PASO. BOOST IS HIS SLOGAN. SMOKE UP FOR GREATER EL PASO BUILDING IS EVIDENCE OF PERMANENT GROWTH W.W. CARROLL MGR. OF THE BURTON LINGO COMPANY DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF BUILDING MATERIAL CARROLL AND HIS COMPANY ARE CONSISTANT BOOSTERS FOR THE UP BUILDIING OF EL PASO I have boosted our section 26 yrs. let us all keep our shoulder to the wheel. W.T. HIXSON EL PASO'S LEADING JEWELER - HE IS A RESIDENT 26 YEARS THERE IS YET TO BE A PUBLIC SPIRITED MOVEMENT THAT W.T. HAS NOT TAKEN PART IN LADIES FINE DRY CLEANING A SPECIALTY There is no place like Holmes Dry cleaning works Clyde Holmes CLYDE F. HOLMES PROP. HOLMES DYEING AND CLEANING WORKS. ESTABLISHED 1900. CLYDE IS PAST E.R. ELKS 187 AND ONE OF THE LIVEST WIRES IN EL PASO WHOLESALE AND RETAIL COAL & LUMBER Indications are that El Paso will be a city of 100,000 by 1920. R.E. Hines R.E. HINES PRES. HINES LUMBER & COAL CO. AND ALTHOUGH NOT AN OLD TIMER, HE IS ACTIVE IN ALL CIVIC AFFAIRS FOR THE UPBUILDING OF EL PASO FRANKLIN RED FRANKLIN PRINTING COMPANY GIVE THAT NEXT JOB OF PRINTING TO PAGE (AND KEEP MONEY IN EL PASO) THE BEST BUSINESS SOLUTION R.W.PAGE, MGR "THE LONG MAN WITH A SHORT STORY" "EL PASO WILL BE THE GREATEST CATTLE MARKET IN THE WORLD WHEN PEACE REIGNS IN MEXICO." Col. Hunt COL. CHAS. F. HUNT PRES. EL PASO LIVESTOCK COMMISSION. COL. HUNT IS THE BILL TAFT OF THE GREAT SO WEST WHERE HE HAS RESIDED MORE THAN 40 YEARS Cartoonistic Impressions of El Paso Live Business Men 106 OUT WEST Community Advertising Section MAY IT PLEASE THE COURT ETC. ETC. GEO. E. WALLACE ONE OF EL PASO'S PIONEER ATTORNEYS, SPECIALIZING IN R.R. DAMAGE SUITS. THE SO. WEST WEST WANTS GEORGE FOR GRAND EXALTED RULLER OF THE B.P.O. ELKS AND WE HOPE WE GET HIM 1916 IF THE COURT PLEASE THE LAW IN THIS CASE IS, ETC, ETC. TOM LEA, LAWYER ONE OF EL PASO'S MOST PUBLIC SPIRITED CITIZENS WHO BOOSTS IT BECAUSE HE IS A FIRM BELIEVER IN GREATER EL PASO. THE MOTION IS OVERRULED JUDGE DAN M JACKSON OF THE 34TH DIST. COURT AND ONE OF THE LIVEST WIRES IN THE ENTIRE STATE OF ARIZONA MR. SPEAKER! THIS LEGISLATURE HAS RECOGNIZED THE IMPORTANCE OF WEST TEXAS AND I CONGRATULATE YOU UPON YOUR GOOD JUDGEMENT EUGENE L. HARRIS, LAWYER - MEMBER TEXAS LEGISLATURE. NATIVE OF EL PASO COUNTY. GENE WAS BORN 27 YEARS AGO AND HAS BOOSTED EL PASO COUNTY 27 YEARS—THAT'S GOING SOME. JUDGE ALBERT S. J. EYLAR COUNTY JUDGE OF EL PASO CO FOR SEVEN YEARS. THE JUDGE HAS TAKEN AN ACTIVE INTEREST IN GOOD ROADS AND BOOSTS ALL PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENTS IN AND OUT OF HIS JUDICIAL OFFICES C. B. HUDSPETH, PRES. COMMERCIAL NAT. BANK, EX PRES TEXAS SENATE, A LAWYER OF PROMINENCE AND ONE OF THE LEADING POLITICIANS OF THE STATE Representative Members of El Paso's Legal Fraternity which will cost more than $400,000. There is no discontinuance in the erection of handsome residences; several apartments, ranging in cost from $30,000 to $50,000; three commodious churches of Protestant orders; a Jewish Synagogue at a cost of $75,000 and a $300,000 Catholic Cathedral. Two years hence 200,000 acres of the richest valley land in the world, around this city, will be under cultivation, and when peace again reigns in the sister republic, together with the rapid growth of the country adjacent to El Paso, its substantial and permanent growth will be the talk of the country. Let it not be forgotten that at this time El Paso has to its credit seven railway lines, the shops of two railway systems, with terminal repair shops of four others, the general offices of two companies, one of which occupies all of a large seven-story building. The wholesale trade is heavy and steadily expanding, while it is easy to convince anyone that manufacturing here is now in its infancy, and yet the industries we now have have an average number of 4,743 employes, with an annual pay-roll of $3,413,820. When to the pay-roll of the manufacturing plants is added that of the railways, which is nearly $2,000,000, it can be readily realized from whence comes one source of the city's income, and where the farmer and grower may expect some assistance in securing a market for his fruits, grains and vegetables. The farmer who comes here from the East for the purpose of tilling the soil is treated to The Greatest Surprise! Accustomed, as he has been, to mud, probably severe cold weather for a part of the year and Community Advertising Section OUT WEST 107 "PERSONALLY AND OUR 300 EMPLOYEES HAVE OUR SHOULDERS TO THE WHEEL, BOOSTING OUR SPLENDID CITY— EL PASO" A. SCHWARTZ POPULAR DRY GOODS CO PRES & GEN. MGR. THE LARGEST & MOST PROGRESSIVE DEPARTMENT STORE IN EL PASO MR. SCHWARTZ IS IDENTIFIED WITH ALL CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE UPBUILDING OF THE CITY IN MY JUDGEMENT "OUR ONE BEST BOOST" IS TRADE IN EL PASO "Do it now" K. L. Simons K.L. SIMONS, VICE PRES. & GEN. MGR. EL PASO GAS CO. MR. SIMONS AND HIS CO ARE NEVER DELINQUENT IN ASSISTING THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE DR JAMES VANCE EL PASO'S LEADING AND POPULAR SURGEON EX. VICE PRES TOLTEC CLUB ASSOCIATE EDITOR OF THE "BULLETIN" EL PASO COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY ELK AND SHRINER THE DOCTOR IS KNOW AS ONE OF EL PASO'S MOST SPIRITED CITIZENS $$ FOR ALL BOOSTERS EL PASO, IN MY OPINION, HAS THE BEST COMMERCIAL OUTLOOK OF ANY CITY IN THE SO. WEST RWLong R.W.LONG PRES. & MG'R. LONG LUMBER CO. PRES. EL PASO BREWING ASS'N. – ALSO SOME CHICKEN RAISER. MR. LONG IS A LIVE WIRE OF 28 YEARS STANDING – AND BOOSTS FOR ALL THE BOYS IN THE GAME. MAGNOLIA BRANDS D.C. BOOTH EL PASO MGR. OF THE MAGNOLIA PETROLEUM CO. MR. BOOTH IS TAKING AN ACTIVE PART IN POLITICS WAS CITY AUDITOR 5 YRS HE REPRESENTS THE OIL INDUSTRY IN THE ROTARY CLUB AND IS SOME BOOSTER BELIEVE US SPECIALTIES VALLEY LANDS IRRIGATED FARMS ETC THE MANHATTAN HEIGHTS WITH ITS RESTRICTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS ARE THE MOST SOUGHT FOR RESIDENT DIST. IN EL PASO C.H. LEAVEL THE "MANHATTAN MAN" HANDLING THE GREAT RESTRICTED RESIDENT DIST. MR. LEAVEL IS PROUD OF TEXAS – HIS NATIVE STATE AND BOOSTS HARD FOR IT JAMES A. DICK LARGEST WHOLESALE GROCER OF EL PASO, TEX. WHEN IT COMES TO BOOSTING, MR. DICK CAN ALWAYS BE FOUND IN THE FRONT RANKS OF ALL PUBLIC SPIRITED MOVEMENTS E.P. KEPLEY GEN. MG'R AND PRINCIPAL OWNER OF THE LARGEST WHOLESALE PRODUCE HOUSE BETWEEN SAN ANTONIO TEX. AND LOS ANGELES. MR KEPLEY IS A GENUINE LIVE WIRE BUSINESS BOOSTER FOR THE BEST INTERESTS OF ALL EL PASO If you don't think boosting don't pay get out of the game. Norwood Hall NORWOOD HALL, STOCK RAISER & CATTLE MAN OF THE SO. WEST – OWNS ONE OF THE LARGEST RANCHES IN ARIZONA IN ARIZONA. HE IS A LIVE BOOSTER Another Page of Never-Ceasing El Paso Boosters 108 OUT WEST Community Advertising Section sweltering summer weather for another portion, subjected now and then to drouth or flood, and who finds that he has to contend with none of these conditions in the Rio Grande Valley. For forty miles north and forty miles south there are paved highways. El Paso County alone will expend nearly $300,000 the current year for cross-roads, so that nearly every farm of any size will be adjacent to a paved Road. Rain? Yes, some rain, approximately ten inches annually, the greater part of which falls in the summer months and helps to make the agreeable summer weather all the more pleasant; and as for heat, it can hardly be said that there is any worth mentioning. It is true that the sun gets quite hot, but due to the fact that there is nearly always a slight breeze, and no humidity, the heat is not noticed, while it is always cool in the shade, and the nights and delightful. Of severe cold weather there is none, the mild clear winters being one of our strong points. When you consider that there is an average of only thirty-six cloudy days in the year, do you wonder that people come clear across the continent for the sole purpose of taking advantage of the winter climate? As for drouths, there are none, and needing rain for the crops is just a little out of date here. The farmers of the El Paso section will get their water when they want it, not until they need it, as much as they wish and no more, from the Ten Million-Dollar Elephant Butte Dam which is being constructed by the United States, and is the largest in the world except the Assoun Dam in Egypt. That this may not be thought by anyone to be an exaggeration, a very few figures will be given to substantiate this statement. The length of the Dam at the top is but a little short of a quarter of a mile; THE TWO REPUBLICS LIFE INSURANCE BUILDING INSURE IN A HOME COMPANY AND KEEP YOUR MONEY IN THE SOUTHWEST ALL FORMS OF STANDARD POLICIES WRITTEN INSURANCE IN FORCE MARCH 31, 1914 $3,897,684. WATCH THESE FIGURES GROW THIS IS MR. RUSSELL SUPT. OF AGENCIES OF THE GREAT *TWO REPUBLICS LIFE INS. CO. OF EL PASO, WHO IS ALSO A RECOGNISED FACTOR IN THE PRESENT RAPID GROWTH OF THE GREAT SOUTHWEST One of El Paso's New Hotels height, 300 feet; width at bed rock up and down stream, 185 feet; and in addition to the mountain of stone used in the construction, there will also be used 500,000 barrles of Portland cement, and an equal amount of sandstone cement, up to this time all the former coming from an El Paso plant, while the latter is being manufactured at the dam site. This stupendous undertaking will create a reservoir of water forty miles in length, at an average width of two and one-half miles, and store 767,745,000,000 gallons of water. The work on this project has advanced more than 60 per cent, and while it will not be finally completed until the year 1916, water will be stored there in the coming year. In addition to the construction of the Dam, the United States Reclamation Service is spending three-quarters of a million dollars digging canals, and another quarter of a million cementing the old acequai, now known as the Franklin Canal, thru the lower part of this city, which canal conducts water from the river into a large portion of the valley east of the city. In the rich soil of this valley there is grown the highest quality of asparagus, beans, cabbage, cauliflower, chili pepper, sweet potatoes, and the finest onions this side of the Bermudas. No better cantaloupes are grown anywhere—in fact, it is claimed none so fine—and the strawberries are of the most delicious flavor, careful cultivation and marketing netting the grower from $500 to $700 per acre. The apples here are equal to any, not even excepting the Hood River fruit; the peaches are the most lucious; while the pears bring top prices in the Eastern markets. Altho other fruits are as good as are grown anywhere, it is in grapes that we excel, these being the very best grown in any section Community Advertising Section OUT WEST 109 WM KNABE PEERLESS SEYBOLD UNIVERSAL CHASE & BAKER FREE CIRCULATING LIBRARY MUSIC ROOLS F.G.BILLINGS EL PASO'S LEADING PLAYER PIANO DEALER FEATURING STANDARD PIANOS, PLAYERS AND AUTOMATICS. HE COVERS THE SO.WEST FIELD AND SAYS– "THERE IS NO PLACE IN THE WORLD LIKE EL PASO, SO LET'S ALL KEEP ON BOOSTING" SOUTHWESTERN FUEL CO. FULL MEASURE COAL WOOD R.C. SEMPLE COR. OCHOA & FRANKLIN STS EL PASO, TEXAS R.C. SEMPLE PROPRIETOR OF SO. WESTERN FUEL COMPANY. MR. SEMPLE IS THE PIONEER COAL MAN OF EL PASO, A RESIDENT 14 YEARS, A MEMBER OF ALL CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS AND IS UNIVERSALLY KNOWN AS ONE OF THE BEST BOOSTERS IN TEXAS "CAP." T.J.BEALL, PIONEER OF EL PASO, EX PRES. STATE BAR ASS'N. FIRST E.R. OF 187 B.P.O.ELKS. HE IS THE NESTOR OF THE BAR ASS'N OF EL PASO I PROPOSE BUILDING 75 ADDITIONAL ROOMS WITH BATH— SOME BOOST FOR OUR CITY W.M. McCOY OWNEN HOTEL McCOY. LEADING EUROPEAN HOTEL, HE IS A THOROUGH HOTEL MAN AND KNOWS THE PUBLICS' WANTS, AND A GENUINE BOOSTER FOR EL PASO ARTHUR A. KLINE ONE OF THE OLDEST AND PROMINENT CURIO MEN OF EL PASO – IMPORTER OF INDIAN GOODS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD. MR KLINE IS KNOWN AS THE "CURIO MAN" AND IS A RESIDENT 31 YEARS– "BOOST" HE SAYS MR. GAINES W.L.GAINES, V.P. & MG'R. SECURITY TRUST & SAVINGS BANK.– A BANKER WHO HAS BOOSTED THE CITY'S BEST INTERESTS FOR 15 YEARS O.H. THORMAN, A LIVE WIRE BOOSTING ARCHITECT WHO SEES A GREAT FUTURE IN ARCHITECTURAL BEAUTY FOR LUCKY EL PASO. FISK TIRES "TIME TO RE-TIRE" "JOE" D. BUKEY, VICE PRES. WESTERN MOTOR SUPPLY CO. THE LIVE DEALER IN AUTO. ACCESSORIES. JOE BOOSTS ALL THE BOYS IN THE GAME & IS PROMINENT GOOD ROADS MAN J. STOLAROFF WHO OWNS THE BIG BOSTON STORE (THE HOME OF LOW PRICES) "IT PAYS TO WALK A BLOCK OR TWO" WHOLESALE & RETAIL MR STOLAROFF HAS LIVED IN EL PASO 26 YEARS A MEMBER OF ALL CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS, AN ELK AND SHRINER (EL MAIDA) HE IS A BOOSTER FOR ALL EL PASO'S BUSINESS SUCCESS And Still More Live Wires—Sketched from Life 110 OUT WEST Community Advertising Section MAYOR C. E. KELLY OF EL PASO WHO HAS RESIDED IN AND BOOSTED THE CITY 28 YEARS. IN ALL PUBLIC SPIRITED MOVEMENTS THE MAYOR TAKES THE LEADING PART M. COBLENTZ PRES. & GEN MGR. THE WHITE HOUSE (THE STORE OF SERVICE) LARGEST WOMEN & MISSES READY-TO WEAR ESTABLISHMENT IN THE SO. WEST. MR. COBLENTZ IS THE LIVEST BOOSTER IN EL PASO—WHEN HE STARTS ANYTHING; HE SEES IT THROUGH. HOST FOR YOUR MONEY [?] PROMPT SERVICE EL PASO AS A TRADE CENTER ENJOYS ADVANTAGES UNMATCHED BY ANY OTHER CITY. S.C. Awbrey S.C. AWBREY LARGEST WHOLESALE FUEL MAN IN EL PASO PRES. TOLTEC CLUB AND A THOROUGH LIVE WIRE BOOSTER FROM ALL ANGLES They Leave Nothing Undone to Boost Lucky El Paso of the United State. The clear days of direct sunshine cause this fruit to ripen in the most perfect manner, while the sun, soil and lack of humidity make easy the growing of the luscious, sweet, Mission grape, acknowledged by all who have tasted these to be superior to any. One of the principal crops of the Rio Grande Valley has been alfalfa, of which there are four and five cuttings, yielding from one and one-half to two tons per acre each harvesting. That this has been grown so extensively is largely due to the fact that it requires little experience or skill to handle successfully, and while the cultivation of other crops bring much greater returns, yet the growers of this commodity have seemingly been satisfied, as from $12.00 to $16.00 per ton, f.o.b cars, has been realized. The plan has been given successful trial, however, whereby $20.00 to $25.00 per ton can be realized on this commodity by feeding it to hogs and dairy cows. This valley gives every assurance of being a great hog-raising section, climatic conditions of the El Paso territory enable it to produce livestock more cheaply than any section of the United States, since they are not subjected to extremes of heat and cold, can live and produce in the open the year round, and are practically free from disease for this reason. If there is doubt in the mind of anyone as to El Paso being an important cattle market, this will be removed by their knowing that in the last six GEO. H. CLEMENTS, EDITOR EL PASO TIMES. HIS BOOSTING EDITORIAL POLICY IS KNOW ALL OVER THE SOUTHWEST GET THE HABIT BOOST! W.H. BROADDUS OF BROADDUS & LE BARON REALTY FIRM WHICH HAS THROWN OPEN ONE OF THE RICHEST FARM LAND SECTIONS IN THE U.S. – MESILLA VALLEY. HE IS A PIONEER OF 30 YEARS AND BOOSTED FARMS ALL HIS LIFE BOYS, I SAY "BOOST THIS WHOLE WESTERN COUNTRY "WITHIN 5 YRS. EL PASO WILL HANDLE MORE CATTLE THAN ANY CITY IN THE U.S. EXCEPT CHICAGO J.T.C. JOHN T. CAMERON PRES. CAMERON CATTLE CO. AND THE SO. WESTERN STOCK YARDS 7 SOUTHERN STOCKYARDS AND THE LARGEST IMPORTERS OF MEXICAN CATTLE IN THE WORLD Three More Live Wires. Why? They Boost. Community Advertising Section OUT WEST 111 PRESCRIPTION FOR GREATER EL PASO [?] -- -- BOOST ALWAYS Scott white SCOTT WHITE PROP SCOTT WHITE & COS DRUG STORES – FINEST IN THE SO WEST – SCOTT IS A PIONEER OF 21 YEARS AND HAS JUSTLY EARNED THE TITLE OF "LIVE WIRE SCOTT" THIS IS J.S. MORRISON IN HIS – 1914 – HUPMOBILE AGENCY NEW MEXICO WEST TEXAS AND NORTHERN OLD MEXICO HE IS ONE OF THE BIG GOOD ROADS BOOSTER IN THE SO. WEST HUPMOBILE 1914 A STAUNCH ADVOCATE OF GOOD PUBLICITY THROUGH THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE—AND DOES SELL SOME "HUPS" MEXICO CITY LET 'EM FIGHT, HE SAYS U.M.C. C.M. (CARTOUCHO METALICO) SHEEHAN ON THE FIRING LINE IN MEXICO – HE SHOULD BIBBLE" I came to El Paso 5 yrs. ago have boosted it ever since and am a stronger booster daily — H.T.B. HENRY T. BOWIE GEN. AGT. OCCIDENTAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. HE IS A MEMBER OF ALL CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS AND ALWAYS BOOSTING THEIR BEST INTERESTS HOPE M. MAGNOLIA SMITH (COCA COLA SMITH) PROP & GEN MG'R MAGNOLIA BOTTLING CO. HOPE IS NOT ONLY AN EXPERT BOTTLING MAN BUT ONE OF THE BEST EL PASO BOOSTERS DISTRIBUTORS OF VICTOR TALKING MACHINES SPAULDING ATHLETIC GOODS EASTMAN KODAK "BUSINESS IS GOOD AND ALWAYS WILL BE BECAUSE I BOOST GREATER EL PASO' W.G. WALZ W.G.WALZ PRES. W.G. WALZ CO. HE IS ONE OF EL PASO'S YOUNG BOOSTING BUSINESS MEN WHO IMPRESSES THE VISITOR WITH EL PASO I have been a business Booster for El Paso 23 years and boosting harder now A. Blumenthal A. BLUMENTHAL OF B. BLUMENTHAL & BRO. LARGEST CLOTHING STORE IN EL PASO, CARRYING ALL STANDARD MAKES OF READY-TO-WEAR CLOTHES FOR MEN. THEY BOOS FOR THE CITY'S ADVANCEMENT CHAS. ROKAHR EL PASOS EXCLUSIVE MANUFACTURER OF BOOTS ALSO BOOTS FOR CRIPPLED AND DEFORMED FEET MR. ROKAHR HAS LIVED IN THE SO. WEST FOR 32 YEARS AND IS NOW ENJOYING THE FRUITS OF HIS LABORS — WHY? HE BOOSTS EL PASO Each and Every one a Spirited El Pasoan months of 1913 there were handled in the stock yards of this city 150,404 head of cattle. The abundant crops, with a home market assuring the highest returns with a minimum loss, is the reward of intelligent labor. The absence of extremes of heat and cold, and the best paved highways, are the comforts of the farmer; and his luxuries are the living where there is such a superb climate, within eachr easy of a modern city, where advantage can be taken of the clubs, churches, libraries, school, and all societies. While the climate here is a wonderful business asset, and of much assistance in the successful promotion of industrial pursuits, yet its benefits should not be denied the seeker of mild winters and pleasant summers who has found these necessary to his health. When you add to the blessings of health—something that cannot be purchased with money—the splendid opportunities offered here, you may envy his good fortune. In the mountains a short distance from the city are beautiful canyons, many with cozy homes where are raised all sorts of vegetables, and where are grown apples—equal to those of New York—peaches, pears, cherries, plums, currants, gooseberries, etc. For the one seeking only climate and rest, these are delightful retreats for a part or all of the year. Those who are so unfortunate as not to be able to avail themselves of the advantage offered here we hope will tell their more fortunate friends in order that they may not miss this golden opportunity. A Modern Apartment House, El Paso, Texas 112 THE LATCH KEY Greeting from the Pass City By James F. Colley Secretary of the Business Men's Protective Ass'n THE City of El Paso sends greetings to the various readers of The Out West Magazine, who have extended this City the privilege of obtaining honorable mention thru its columns. The beauty of El Paso will be abundantly manifest to you who are reading this article if you will allow yourself the vacation—it will be a vacation—and visit Our City. There is nothing in the Pass City that we are backward in showing. The parks are among the most beautiful to be seen in the entire Southwest, the streets are well paved and are as clean as any city in the entire United States. This assertion is made without any fear of successful contradiction from any city. Should you honor us with your vacation, you will, in all probability, become a permanent citizen. The glad hand is always extended, with the latch key on the outside. The boosting slogan of El Paso now is 100,000 in 1916, which will be accomplished by the ardent efforts of our successful merchants. What the future holds forth can only be surmised by the rapid growth in the past. We shall not be content to rest on our oars and allow our standard of prosperity to waver. The Business Men's Protective Association, which I have the honor of managing, has grown from a very small organization until at present we have two hundred ten (210) of the livest merchants in the Southwest. The building of this Association has not been a bed of roses, in fact, it has been more a crown of thorns, for the merchants had to be shown, and I believe we have shown them, and one of the most successful organizations of any place in proportion to population of 60,000 in the country. We are originating and courting new ideas for the upbuilding of this City, and incidentally this Association, and we will not stop until the last pegs of energy have been exhausted. I hope the time is not far distant when El Paso will be shown and heralded far and wide as the "City oa Affairs," and the prosperity will fall in line and be the leading feature in the parade of "Progressive Commercialism." This article is not intended as a statistical portion of El Paso; I only intend to impart the sentiments of the retail merchants as a whole, and in doing so, I feel that I am authentically stating facts when I say that our merchants extend a cordial welcome to every individual or corporation, to visit and survey the resources, and by all means become a permanent factor in our midst. You will never regret it. We sincerely hope that you will faithfully follow out the above plans. If you do, we know that you will be pleased with our city and its general population. Fort Bliss Troops Parading the Streets on a Holiday Community Advertising Section OUT WEST 113 BOOST BIGGER BUSINESS WITH McCLINTOCK CO OUT DOOR AND STREET CAR ADVERTIS H.R. McCLINTOCK EL PASO'S OUT DOOR ADVERTISING MAN WHOSE SIGNS BLANKET THE ENTIRE SOUTHWEST WHICH HE HAS BOOSTED 16 YEARS—SOME RECORD THE ARTIST OPINES. MAP OF THE COTTON ADDITION CHOICEST VACANT RESIDENT DISTRICT IN EL PASO A.P. COLES, SENIOR MGR A.P. COLES & BROS. PIONEER REALTY FIRM OF THE CITY. MR. COLES HAS LIVED IN EL PASO 26 YEARS IS INTERESTED IN NUMEROUS ENTERPRISES AND IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST BUSINESS BOOSTERS IN THE SO. WEST. "BOOST" IS OUR LONG SUIT T.A.THURSTON WHO WITH MR. GRUDER COMPRISE THE THURSTON AUDIT COMPANY (PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS. THEY ARE IN FOR ALL LIVE MOVEMENTS TENDING TO BOOST EL PASO LOU H. GREENBERG PROP. The [B?] [M?] Co 'THE POST OFFICE IS OPPOSITE US" LOU IS ONE OF THE OUNG BUSINESS MEN WHO BOOSTS HARD FOR THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. Pen Sketches of More of the City's Optimists The greatness of our valley and the beauty of our City in general, with its lovely homes and beautiful parks, will be as a "Mid-Summer Night's Dream" to you, and when Elephant Butte begins to spread its dampened wings over this valley, irrigating thousands and thousands of acres of rich fertile soil, then you will hear a noise—some noise, too—that will make you awake out of the dream of the mid-summer night, and find it a pleasant reality. In conclusion let me urge you to weigh the matter carefully, and finally land in Miss El Paso, the most beautiful woman of the Sunshine States. REINCARNATION By Maud Johnson A tiny drop of water Is so very like the soul; Seeking for its own expression, Yet returning to the whole. Through spring and river to the ocean; In cloud returns, unceasing motion. Never resting, never ceasing; Always seeking, always reaching. By sun drawn forth to find expression, It hastens on, nor brooks repression. As rain-drop see it fall to earth, Then back to see that gave it birth. Thus is the soul that wanders free; 'Tis ever seeking for the sea. And tho afar that soul may roam, 'Tis every conscious of its Home. OUT WEST ADVERTISING SECTION One of the largest and most complete printing plants in the West. Place Your Large Printing Orders IN THE HANDS OF A LARGE, ABSOLUTELY RELIABLE PRINTING HOUSE Send your small orders as well. OUR SPECIALTIES: (1) Catalogues (2) Booklets (3) House Organs (4) Trade Papers (5) Magazines (6) The larger orders of Flyers and Circulars. Our Complete Service, all or any part of which is at your command, embraces: Copy Writing Illustrating Engraving Electrotyping Typesetting (Machine and Hand) Presswork Binding Mailing If desired, we mail your printed matter direct from Los Angeles—the central distributing point. Our up-to-date labor-saving machinery and equipment enable us to make exceptionally low prices and prompt delivery on our printing. The education and training of our employees concentrated in one similar direction on the high class of printing in which we specialize, make the workmen more skillful. Our business has been built up by satisfied customers; by repeat orders. For some reason, printing orders, especially the larger ones, come to us from many cities and states in the West. Our plant is in operation every work day the year around, and you are invited to call and inspect our establishment. Quality work handled by daylight only. Our organization is excellent. When you put an order for printing in our care you relieve yourself of all anxiety. You guarantee yourself QUICK DELIVERY—LOW PRICES—HONEST PRINTING You owe it to yourself and your firm to find out what we can do for you. Let us know when you will be in the market for a catalogue or any of our specialties and at the right time we will draw your attention again to our unusual facilities. Let us put your name on our mail list. Write us about your printing and your printing troubles. Ask us for quotations. Out West Corporation Los Angeles, Cal. "If it wasn't paying, it wouldn't be staying." OUT WEST ADVERTISING SECTION The RIVERSIDE HOTEL Reno, Nev. H. J. GOSSE, Manager That's All 10¢ THE COPY 1 DOLLAR A YEAR BRAIN AND BRAWN A SOUND MIND IN A SOUND BODY DEVOTED TO THE NATURE CURE THE EDUCATION OF THE PEOPLE AND MEDICAL FREEDOM HARRY ELLINGTON BROOK N.D. EDITOR THE NATUROPATHIC PUBLISHING COMPANY LOS ANGELES ∼ CALIFORNIA —For Your Convenience— THE HOME TELEPHONE Ever ready when required. Instantaneous service, no matter what time of day or night. A telephone for home or business. For installation call F-98, Contract Dept. ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF KING EDWARD HOTEL Fifth and Los Angeles Sts. Los Angeles, Cal. European Plan Rates: Without Bath, Single . $1.00 Day Up Without Bath, Double . . 1.50 Day Up With Bath, Single . . . 1.50 Day Up With Bath, Double . . . 2.00 Day Up All Outside Rooms KING EDWARD HOTEL CO., Proprietors Walter E. Smith, President Paul G. Helmer, Manager Did you ever Dream by day or night? TALES THAT I HAVE LIVED MYSELF Written to be read to Children By JOHN ALLEN Are the Stories of the Dreams of a Child at the Time when Its Thought Processes are Forming Clean and purifying in tendency and at the same time vivid and entertaining. THE STORY of ILETRY Who Was Nicknamed "Jynx," and How He Came to "The Land of Golden Light," which appears in this issue of OUT WEST MAGAZINE Is the first of this series of tales. READ IT. Decide what you think of it and TELL US. These tales will appear in book form in time for the holidays. The de luxe edition will be limited to the number of copies ordered in advance—a beautiful volume of beautiful thoughts. Order NOW. Price $2.00. FILL OUT Date OUT WEST CORPORATION, 546 S. Los Angeles St., Los Angeles, Cal. Gentlemen:—Please enter my order for copies of "TALES THAT I HAVE LIVED MYSELF," by John Allen, at $2.00 a copy, for which my check is enclosed. Name De Luxe Edition Address in Leather Orders will be accepted for payment on delivery only from persons giving bank references or who are personally known to the management. OUT WEST CORPORATION 546 South Los Angeles Street Los Angeles, Cal. OUT WEST ADVERTISING SECTION OUT WEST Monthly Magazine A Good Medium for Most Advertisers. A magazine for those who have the kind and quality of goods demanded by the great middle classes. A circulation representative of the country's intellect, culture and wealth. Unique in it's art and literary features, and absolutely independent in it's editorial and business policy. Twenty years of service—boosting the Great Out West—and deserving of your support. Out West Corporation, Publishers Los Angeles, California WRITE STORIES FOR Moving Picture Plays New, Spare-time Profession for Men and Women—One Man Makes $3500 in Six Months. Owing to the large number of new motion picture theatres which are being opened throughout the country, there is offered to the men and women of to-day, a new profession, namely, that of writing moving picture plays. Producers are paying from $25 to $150 for each scenario accepted, upon which they can build a photo play. $3500 in Six Months. As it only requires a few hours' time to construct a complete play, you can readily see the immense possibilities in this work. One man, who gave the idea a tryout, writes that he earned $3500 in six months. It is possible for an intelligent person to meet with equal success. One feature of the business which should appeal to everyone, is that the work may be done at home in spare time. No literary ability is required and women have as great an opportunity as men. Ideas for plots are constantly turning up, and may be put in scenario form and sold for a good price. Particulars Sent FREE. Complete particulars of this most interesting and profitable profession may be had FREE OF CHARGE by sending a post card to Photo-Play Association Box 158, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. A NEW CREATION WEBSTER'S NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY THE MERRIAM WEBSTER The Only New unabridged dictionary in many years. An Encyclopedia. Contains the pith and essence of an authoritative library. Covers every field of knowledge. The Only dictionary with the New Divided Page. A "Stroke of Genius." 400,000 Words Defined. 2700 Pages. 6000 Illustrations. Cost $400,000. Let us tell you about this most remarkable single volume. Write for sample pages, full particulars, etc. Name this paper and we will send FREE a set of Pocket Maps. G. & C. MERRIAM CO. SPRINGFIELD, MASS. OUT WEST ADVERTISING SECTION 700 PREFERRED STOCK This is a real opportunity for small investors to invest safely where their money will yield good returns. The Southwestern Railroad Construction Company is building the Gulf, Texas and New Mexico Railway over a distance of 500 miles. Work is now in progress on the first 125 miles, which should be in operation by July 1, 1916. We own controlling stock in this road, and control twelve miles now in operation. We are selling this stock at par value of $100.00 per share, and will redeem it after ten years at $110.00 per share. If you cannot pay all cash, send $25.00, and pay $25.00 per share per month. We are only selling a small block of the entire one million dollars issue on these terms. Within ten days after this stock was put on market, over $400,000.00 was subscribed. Don't delay—send your orders today to Southwestern Railroad Construction Co. 607 MARQUETTE BUILDING SALESMEN WANTED CHICAGO, ILL. $2.00 and We'll Ship You This Marvelous Typewriter Think of it! Only $2.00 on this great offer. You have full ten days free trial. Our factory price is less than others ask for second-hand machines. Every sale bears our ten year iron clad guarantee. Settlement for the balance can be made on the easiest monthly payments. The first buyer in each locality gets a handsome leatherette carrying case free. Write today, Now. GALESBURG WRITING MACHINE CO., Dept. oooo, Galesburg, Ill. HILDEBRANDT BAITS HOOK AND LAND 'EM The choice of experienced anglers. A small outfit, interchangeable, catches any fresh water game fish. "Standard" "Slim Eli" . "Idaho" shapes--nickle, copper, brass, aluminum, black and gold finishes suitable for bright or dull days. Ball bearing "spin so easy" blades--reversible. FREE NEW 1914 CATALOG. Actual sized illustrations, new flies, spinners, rods, lines, etc. 2c stamp brings it. The John J. Hildebrandt Co. 812 High St. Logansport, Ind. U.S.A. RAISE PIGEONS They Pay Dollars while Chickens pay cents The young, 20 to 25 days old, sell for 40 to 60 cents each (according to the season). The city markets are always clamoring for them. Each pair of Pigeons will raise 18 to 22 young a year. They will clear you, above all expenses, $5.00 a year per pair. They breed the entire year. Twenty minutes daily will care for 100 pairs. Always penned up out of the way Very small space required All this is fully explained in this month's issue of our Journal; send for it; price 10 cts. Reliable Squab Journal, Versailles, Mo. ELASTIC ABDOMINAL SUPPORTERS AND HOSIERY Comforts for the Invalid PACIFIC SURGICAL MFG. COMPANY Los Angeles, Cal. Pierce & C. PHOTO. KODAKS AMATEUR FINISHING IS OUR STUNT WE FLY HIGH ON QUALITY BUT HAVE HIT THE GROUND ON PRICE REMOVED TO 623 SOUTH SPRING STREET ANYVO THEATRICAL COLD CREAM prevents early wrinkles. It is not a freckle creating; it removes them. ANYVO CO., 427 North Main St, Los Angeles OUT WEST ADVERTISING SECTION ABOUT YOUR PRINTING THE NEAT appearance of your business stationery and advertising schemes is an important factor to you, Mr. Business Man. The character and dignity of your business is enhanced by the like qualities in your printing. Good paper and good printing are essentials to your business success that should not be ignored. ¶ Books and booklets, trade publications, magazines, catalogues, prospectuses, brochures, wax and special rulings—in fact EVERYTHING printable—are handled by this firm in a thorough and up-to-date manner. Publishing Bookbinding Will A. Kistler Company 546 S. Los Angeles Street LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA When Planning an Outing Remember Mt. Lowe AMERICA'S GREATEST MOUNTAIN SCENIC TRIP REACHED BY TROLLEY FROM ALL POINTS ON PACIFIC ELECTRIC RAILS. ASK YOUR NEAREST AGENT For a folder and Fare from his station. No little journey in all America affords the traveller such variety of scenic beauty, through such wild, rugged grandeur, and with so much comfort to himself. Five trains daily leave Los Angeles Main Street Station for Alpine on the famous mountain at 8, 9 and 10 a. m.; 1:30 and 4 p. m., making the journey in two hours through Wonderland to the mountain top. The daily fare from Los Angeles is $2.50 for the round trip, with an excursion fare available Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays of $2.00. Purchase excursion tickets from agents at Los Angeles or Pasadena —they are not sold by conductors on cars. Excursion fares are to be had for parties of 30 or more passengers. Organize a party of your friends for this most delightful journey. Pacific Electric Railway THE Southern Pacific Railroad of Mexico traversing the Mexican Pacific states of SONORA-SINALOA-TEPIC-JALISCO gives access to the RICHEST MINERAL SECTION OF MEXICO and some of the Best Irrigable Land on the Continent Let us list you for our advertising matter. H. LAWTON, G. P. A. GUAYMAS, SONORA, MEXICO "HOUSE OF COMFORT" Hotel Manx Powell Street at O'Farrell. San Francisco's best located and most popular hotel. Running Ice Water in each room. Commodious lobby. Metropolitan service. TARIFF. 12 rooms _ _ _ $1.00 each 50 rooms _ _ _ $1.50 each 50 rooms _ _ _ $2.00 each 60 rooms Private Bath _ _ _ $2.00 each 50 rooms Private Bath _ _ _ $2.50 each 30 Suites, Bedroom, Parlor and Bath $3.50 to $4.00 50 large light sample rooms $1.50 up Reduction by week or month. Under management, CHESTER KELLEY. "MEET ME AT THE MANX" SHOE POLISH Outfit Free Agents make big money taking orders for the great Kimo Shoe Polish Outfit. Brand New. Contains large Collapsible tube Kimo waterproof polish, patented pol'sher and dauber and metal cleaner. Every family needs Kimo. Nothing else like it. Send 42 cents (21 2-cent stamps) to-day for sample for demonstration purpose. 42 cents paid for sample will be credited on first dozen order. VIR-CRIS MFG. COMPANY, 1611 South Grand Avenue, LOS ANGELES, - - - CALIFORNIA Louis Treviso Loves LetternigO 422 Henne Building Call F 2577 VOSE PIANOS have been established over 60 years. By our system of payments every family in moderate circumstances can own a VOSE piano. We take old instruments in exchange and deliver the new piano in your home free of expense. Write for Catalogue D and explanations. VOSE & SONS PIANO CO. Boston, Mass Please mention "Out West" when writing to advertisers. Copied 1913 List of members of the Nevada Equal Franchise Society Churchill County . Fallon. Nevada. Mrs. F. M. Thompson, Mrs. Lyon. Fallon, Mrs. D. E. Williams, Fallon, Mrs C. A. Stoscall Fallon Mrs N. E. Taylor- Dr. Nellie B. Howall Miss Daplie Baumains Miss Sutton Clark County. Mrs. Jes. G. Givens, Las Vegas, Mrs. O. J. Enking, " " Mrs. C. P. Squires, " " Mrs. French, " " Douglas County. Miss Ruth Fowler, Genoa, Mrs. J. R. Simonis, " Mrs. Criss Dangberg, Gardnerville, Mrs. H. A. N. Todd, " Mrs. Sadie Brown, " Mrs. Lawrence Frey, " Elko County. Mrs. D. Casper, Elko. Mrs. Lander Taher, " Mrs. E. E. Caine. " Mrs. J. R. Fitzgerald, " Mrs. R. H. Mallett, " Mrs. Robt. Hunter, " Mrs. Frank Wheeler, " Mrs. H. H. Wright, " Mrs. Chas. Stephenson, " Mrs. Ed. Lytton, " Mrs. Steve Steele, " Mrs. Robt. Newman, " Mrs. Robt. Hesson, " Mrs. Otto Williams, " Mrs. Jas. Dysart, " Mrs. E. G. McBride, " Mrs. Margaret Green, " Mrs. Benton Bangs, " Mrs. Hayden Henderson, " Mrs. Lambert Henderson, " Mrs. Ed. Kyser, " Mrs. John Ahle, " Miss Ruth Russell, " Miss M Russell, " Mrs. Jas. Holland, Lamville Valley, Mrs. Jas. Bradish, Clovery Valley, Mrs. Thos. Brennan, Pleasant Valley, Mrs. Hardman, Gold Creek, Mrs. Geo. Brady, Gold Circle, Mrs. Thos. McKenna, Carlin, Mrs. E. Carville, Elko, Mrs. C. S. Tremewan, " Mrs. M. A. Mitchell, " Mrs. J. B. Green, " Mrs. L. L. Wintermantel, " Mrs. L. L. Lothrop, " 1913 Elko County . cont'd. Mrs. J. A. McBride, Elko, Mrs. W. W. Booher, " Mrs. J. L. Keyser, " Esmeralda County. Mrs. Augustus Tilden, Goldfield. Mrs. Jas. H. Parks, " Mrs. M. E. Waterman, " Dr. Emily Collar, " Dr. Marie Michel Bochatay, " Mrs. R. W. Cattermole, " Mrs. Helen Rosenthal, " Mrs. Rita Seamans, " Miss Eileen Somers, " Mrs. L. R. Ringer, " Mrs. Chas. S. Sprague, Mrs. Anna L. Miller, " Mrs. Georgina Yankee, " Mrs. B. C. DeGarmo, " Mrs. S. M. B. Wheeler, " Mrs. W. D. Hatton, " Mrs. J. F. Appleby, " Mrs. Marie Gugat, " Mrs. M. T. Cline, " Mrs. J. R. Richardson, " Miss M. Shields, " Mrs. Mary A Craig, " Mrs. M. Johnson," Mrs. Mary H. Church, " Mrs. Mahalah Brown, " Mrs. Anna Grimm, " Mr. John Currie, " Mr. Adams, F. Brown, " Miss B. M. Wilson, " Mrs. A. V. Towle, " Madame de Billier, Washington, D.C. Eureka County. Mrs. G. M. Roberts, Eureka. Mrs. T. A. Burdick, " Mrs. Laura Hoegh, " Mrs. Florence Kartz, " Mrs. Bessie Tenvoord, " Mrs. Mary Perryman, " [Mrs. Mary Perryman,] " Mrs. James McGlyn, " Mrs. Rose Martilette, " Mrs. O. D. Green, " Mrs. Nathalia Bressmer, " Mrs. Mary Fulton, " Mrs. Bertha Rich, " Mrs. Jennie Leighton, " Mrs. Sophia Zadow, " Mrs. Rita Cobb, " Miss Effie Eather, " Miss Norma Green, " Miss Mary Burdick, " Miss Noko Burdick, " Eureka County, con'td. 1913 Miss Sarah Im Obersteg, Eureka. Miss Anna Lourey, Miss Chrystie Fulton, " Humboldt County Mrs. Harry Warren, Winnemucca. Miss Vivian Warren, " Mrs. A.W. Card, " Mrs. Chester Smith, " Mrs. M.S. Bonnifield, " Mrs. Harry Bonnifield, " Mrs. Jesse Hadley, " Mrs. Cliff Welshons, " Mrs. Clara Williams, " Mrs. Chas. Wofsinger, " Mrs. Philip Blume, " Mrs. Alpha Prince, " MRs. Jack McCruden, " Mrs. Colonel Place, " Mrs. Chas. Mackey, " Miss Blanche Bonnifield, " Mrs. S.G. Lamb, " Mrs. Scott Lillie, " Miss Dora Giroux, " Lander County Mrs. L Lamaire, Battle Mountain. Mr. L. Lamaire, " Mrs. H.E. Henriquer, " Mrs. J.W. Treat, " Mr. J.W. Treat, " Mrs. A. Wise, " Mr. A. Wise, " Mrs. Geo. L. Keading, " Mr. Geo. L. Keading, " Mrs. E.T. George, " Mr. E.T. George, " Mrs. N.E. Bartoo, " Mrs. W. Prince Catlin, " Mr. W. Prince Catlin, " Mrs. R.T. Jenkins, " Mr. R.T. Jenkins, " Mrs. W.T. Jenkins, " Mrs. R.A. Holcomb, " Mrs. Wm. Middleton, " Miss Dean Middleton, " Miss Georgia Middleton, " Mrs. Wm. Licking, " Mrs. L.F. Kendrick, " Mrs. J.C. Bray, " Mrs. L.E. Clark, " Mrs. C. Berkins, " Mrs. Mort Horton, " Miss Mary Mullin, " Mrs. J.A. Horton, " 1913 Lincoln County., Cont'd. Mrs. H. E. Freudenthal, Pioche; Mrs. W. M. Christian, " Mrs. John A. Cook, " Mrs. Alex Orr, " Mrs. J. A. Clark, " Mrs. C. A. Thompson, " Mrs. Elleanore B. Rubanks, " Mrs. I. N. Garrison, " Mrs. John Fieldson, " Mrs. Viola R. Colbath, " Mrs. C. A. Thompson, " Mrs. Chas. Lee Horsey, " Mrs. D. P. Sullivan " Lyon County. Mrs. F. O. Stickney, Yerington' Mrs. Geo. Webster, " Mrs. Chas. McDonald, " Mrs. W. M. Hayes, " Mrs. George Plummer, " Mrs. J. J. Wilson, " Mrs. Geo. West, " Mrs. C. W. Rahbar, " Mrs. J. C. Snyder, " Mrs. C. A. Steele, " Mineral County. Mrs. A. J. McCarthy, Hawthorne. Nye County. [deleted] Tonopah. Mrs. Fred Burnham, " Mrs. A. H. Cousins, " Mrs. Julius Goldsmith, " Mrs. Irving, " Mrs. Anna Owens, " Mrs. Geo. B. Thatcher, " Miss Alba Williams, " Mrs. Hugh H. Brown, " Mrs. Anna Crump, " Mrs. Sadie E. Cleary, " Mrs. B. Herold, " Mrs. P.D. McLeod, " Mrs. J. C. Robertson, " Mrs. Saunders, " Ormsby County. Carson; Mrs. Clara M. Anderson, " Miss Minnie L. Bray, " J. E. Bray, " Mr. E. M. Baker, " Mrs. Honore M. Donnelly, " Chas. P. Cutts, " J. B. Donnelly, " H. L. Griffiths, " 1913 Ormsby County, cont'd. Maude H. Gillson, Carson. W. J. Hunting, " Mrs. W. J. Hunting, " Alfred Karge, " Mrs. Mary G. Logan, " Mrs. Myrtle Montrose Anderson, " J. A. Muller, " Nettie M. McKay, " Lillian G. McCallie, " C. A. Norcross, " Mrs. C. A. Norcross, " Tasker L. Oddie, " Frank J. Pyne, " E. T. Patrick, " E. O. Patterson, " Mrs. M. H. Robinson, " Gilbert Ross, " Miss Leta L. Tower, " Rev. L. B. Thomas, " Miss Bessie L. Sperry, " Mrs. J. B. Shaughnessy, " Mr. Geo. L. Sanford, " Miss Anna M. Schultz, " J. H. Stern, " Mrs. L. B. Thomas, " Emma G. Vonderlieth, " E. Vonderlieth, " Mr. Ed Welsh, " Mrs. H. H. Carpenter, " W. K. Freudenberger, " Frank Norcross, " Samuel Platt, " Mrs. Frank Norcross, " R. A. McKay, " [deleted] Mrs. A. H. Ayers, " Miss Carrie H. Allen, " Mrs. Fannie Blackie, " Miss Alice Bryant, " Mrs. Ida K. Clark, " Mrs. Josie B. Cushing, " Mrs. J. L. Davis, " Miss Rowena Glass, " Miss Edith Edwards, " Mrs. Jennie Jacobs, " Mrs. Mary Kinkead, " Mrs. W. H. Keyser, " Mrs. Eva Mackay, " Mrs. D. B. Morton, " Mrs. Ida McCarthy, " Miss Grace Oddie, " Mrs. Nell Rountree, " Mrs. Martha Schultz, " Miss Obeline Souchereau, " Mrs. C. S. Tower, " Mrs. Ella Yerington, " Storey County . Judge Langan, Mrs. Langan , (F.P.) Mrs. W. J . Lawson, Mrs. Louis Grob, Mrs. Nichol, Mrs. Ed Hancock, Miss Reine Ross, Mrs. C. S. Milligan, Mrs. Steinberg, Mrs. Effie Danworth, Mrs. M. Nevin, Mrs. Kate Wood, Miss Annie Mansfield, Mrs/ Tom Sullivan, Mrs. George Wright, Mrs/ Henry Neighley, Mrs. Mary E. Stack, Miss Kate Neall, Mrs/ Walter Tresige, Mrs. E. Garvanta, Mrs. Frank Blake, Mrs. Mary E. Talbot, Mrs. Frederieka Shade, Mrs. Arthur Klein, Mrs. Lyman Clark , Jr., Mr. Lyman Clark, Jr. Washoe County. Mrs. Minnie Abbott, Grace Atherton, Mrs. Myrtle Angus, W. H. Brede, Mrs. Grace R. Bridges, Mrs. Julia F. Bender, Miss Kate Bardenwerper, Mrs. D. S. Boyd, Mrs. L.S. Bridges, Mrs. B.D. Billinghurst, Mrs. M.F. Bradshaw, Mrs. A.D. Bird, Mrs. Christie Brown, Mrs. Helen T. Belford, Mrs. Tris A. Buel, Mrs. Elizabeth Bradley, Elizabeth Brown, (Mrs. Geo.) Mrs. William Bathhurst, Mrs. L.A. Blakeslee, Mrs. Eli Blum, J.E. Church, Jr., Mrs. C.E. Condit, Mrs. Cjas. E. Clough, Mrs. Wm. Coppersmith, Mrs. Nelson Coffin, Mrs. A.F. Cox, Mrs. Florence H. Church Mrs. Alice A. Chism, Mrs. B.F. Cunningham, Mrs. H.H. Clark, Annie S. Cheatham, 1913 Washoe County, Con'td. A. Grant Miller, Rooms 2-3-4 Journal Block, Reno. Mrs. MS. Maxson, 801 North Center St., " Mrs. Geo. McKenzie, Colonial Hotel, " Mrs. W. O. H. Martin, 157 Mill St., " Mrs. Maud Menardi, 332 West 4th St., " Miss Alice Maxwell, Box 316, " Mrs. J. H. Murphy, 705 Mill St., " Mrs. P. A. McCarran, Cor. Court and Belmont Sts., " Lillian J. Martin, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Cal. Wm. McMillan, 150 N. Virginia St., Reno Miss Margaret Martin, 157 Mill St., " A. B. Manheim, 123 N. Virginia St., " Margaret J. McCone, 425 Granite St., " Alice M. McAndrews, Colonial Apts., " F. O. Norton, 833 Ralston St., " Lena B. Norton, 833 Ralston St., " Mrs. Kate Nixon, California Ave., " Mrs. Frances S. Nicholas, 416 N. Arthur Ave., Pocatello, Idaho Mrs. Elda Orr, North Virginia St., Reno Mrs. Geo. Ordahl, 115 W. 10th St., " Mrs. James O'Neil, 623 W. 4th St., " Miss Mary O'Neil, 623 W. 4th St., " Mrs. J.S. Orr, 104 Maple St., " F. C. Patrick, P. O. Box 287, " Mrs. Fannie B. Patrick, Arlington Place, " C. A. Parker, 143 Vine St., " Dr. Pritchard, 574 Chestnut St., " Mrs. A. E. Painter, 19 West 5th St., " Mrs. A. L. Price, 437 West St., " Mrs. R. W. Parry, Fourth and Sierra Sts., " Mrs. Lucy S. Richardson, 243 West 4th St., " C. R. Reeves, Room 409 Clay Peters Bldg., " Mrs. A. LeRoy Rice, 707 Sierra St., " Mrs. Maybel Redman, Hill St., " Mrs. Carol E. Roberts, 402 Cheney St., " Mrs. A. P. Ruch, 134 Elm St., " Mrs. Margaret E. Rousseau, 134 Elm St., " R. S. Schaddler, 705 Humboldt St., " Mrs. H. Stanjslawsky, 118 R. D. 2, Santa Rosa, Calif. Jr. J[?] Stubbs, Nevada University, Reno Mrs. Ella S. Stubbs, " ", " Mrs. Agnes McM. Silver, " Mrs. Chas. Short, Moano Springs, " Mrs. C. A. Scott, 234 West 4th St., " Mrs. H. Spencer, 148 Mill St., " Mrs. Minnie D. Smith, 132 Court St., " Mrs. H. [?]. Sheldon, P. O. Box 105, " O. J. Smith, 132 Court St., " Mrs. F. J. Shair, 522 Roberts St., " Mrs. J. H. Shea, 651 Elko Ave., " Mrs. Fred J. Siebert, 330 Ridge St., " Agnes B. Slater, Riverside Hotel, " Mary A. Taylor, 145 E. Plaza St., " Mrs. Jennie Blanche Taylor, South Virginia St., " Mrs. W. D. Trout, 16 West Fifth St., " Mrs. Walter E. Trent, The Colonial, " 1913 Washoe County, Cont'd. Annie Martin Tyler, 202 Sinclair St., Reno Miss L. E. Thomas, 313 Clay Peters Bldg., " Mrs. L. A. Taylor, 219 Plaza St., " Mrs. Carrie B. Virden, 668 West St., " W. H. Virden, 668 West St., " Miss Jennie E. Wier, 834 N. Center St., " Miss Frances Wright, 627 N. Center St., " Mrs. S. H. Wheeler, 349 Sierra St., " Mrs. L. E. Williams, 145 Truckee St., " Charlotte Anita Whitney, 2121 Webster St., Oakland, Calif. Mrs. O. M. Welden, 624 So. Center St., Reno Mrs. Kate Young, 2535 Esplanade Ave., New Orleans, Mrs. Nellie T. Zeigler, 143 Vine St., Reno Mrs. Chas. A. Wentworth, Sparks, Nev. Mrs. W. H. Bray, " Mrs. W. H. Osmun, " Mrs. D. Gassoway, " Mrs. Grubman, " Mrs. Thos. Heany, " Mrs. A. Cooley, " Mrs. John F. George, " Mrs. J. W. Biment, " Mrs. P. Murphy, " Mrs. Sally Blackwell, " Mrs. F. W. Easton, " Mrs. J. W. Crowley, " Rev. P. H. Willis, " Rev. Thos. Bellam, " Rev. J. s. Goodwell, " Mr. Roy Robinson, " Mr. H. C. Mulcahy, " Senator J. A. Ascher, " Supt. E. E. Winfrey, Reno. White Pine County. Mrs. Minnie Comins Macdonald, Ely. Mrs. Allen Bragg, Ely. 1914 NEVADA In 1914 seven suffrage amendments were voted upon in as many states. The argument of the map won Nevada. "Bounded on the North by Oregon and Idaho, where women vote; on the East by Utah and Arizona, where women vote; on the South and West by California, where women vote; why should not the women of Nevada vote?" the suffragists asked in every conceivable way. "Out dammed spot" they ejaculated over the black spot in the Great White West and the women won. NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION MEMBER OF INTERNATIONAL WOMAN SUFFRAGE ALLIANCE AND OF NATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN PRESIDENT. ANNA HOWARD SHAW. MOYLAN, PA. 1ST VICE-PRESIDENT, CATHERINE WAUGH MCCULLOCH. TREASURER, JESSIE ASHLEY EVANSTON, ILLS. 505 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY 2ND VICE-PRESIDENT, KATE M. GORDON. LAURA CLAY 1800 PRYTANIA STREET, NEW ORLEANS, LA. AUDITORS LEXINGTON, KY. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY, MARY WARE DENNET. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL, 505 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 45 BOUTWELL AVENUE, DORCHESTER, MASS. RECORDING SECRETARY, ELLA S. STEWART. 5464 JEFFERSON AVENUE, CHICAGO, ILLS. AUXILIARIES COLLEGE EQUAL SUFFRAGE LEAGUE TELEPHONE 7416 BRYANT PRESIDENT, MISS M. CAREY THOMAS, BRYN MAWR, PA. FRIENDS EQUAL RIGHTS ASSOCIATION PRESIDENT, MARY BENTLEY THOMAS, EDNOR, MARYLAND THE EQUAL FRANCHISE SOCIETY PRESIDENT, MRS. MACKAY, 1 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK OFFICE OF PRESS COMMITTEE NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, 505 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK CAROLINE 1, REILLY, CHAIRMAN NEVADA SENATORS Senator "J.H. Fulner, East Ely, Nevada. after Jan. 20 Carson, Nev. "N.K. Chapman, Ely, " " "A.L. Tannahill, Virginia, " " "M.J. Scanlon, Tonopah, " " "Zeb Kendall, Tonopah" " " "Leo J. Mills, Carson " " "T.O. Stickney, Yerington " " "T.B. Balzar, Mina " " "J.A. Miller, Austin " " "L.N. Carpenter, Lovelock " " "C.L. Horsey Caliente " " "W.J. Bell, Winnemucca " " "W.H Sweeney, Palisade " " "W. F. Heffernan, Reno" " " E.J. Arnold, Goldfield" " "Maurice Mack, Minden" " "H. H. Coryell, Wells" " "Thos. Dolf, Fallon " " "Geo Bergman, Reno " " "Jas. Gault "Dr. J. A. Ascher, Sparks " " The New York Press, Sunday Morning, January 11, 1914. Nevada Suffragists of National Association Turn Their Attention to Nevada Bitter Fight Sure to Come When Suffrage Comes to a Vote There This Year. By Mary Isabel Brush. No State is attracting more attention at present in suffrage circles than Nevada. People went more or less on the assumption that it would carry at the next election, if for no other reason because all of the States surrounding it have granted enfranchisement to their women. All of a sudden, however, the nation of women has awakened to the fact there are interests out in that Western area who are fighting the issue so bitterly and with such perfect organization that unless attention is turned to it the measure will not carry there. This is the state in which the name of Mrs. Clarence Mackay was supposed to have great weight, since Mr. Mackay holds such large interests there and employs so many men. Suffragists now realize, however, that they must not depend on anything so loose and intangible as that to carry an election for them. Miss Anne Martin, president of the State Association of Nevada, has been in New York for several weeks directing the attention of the National Association and other Eastern organizations to the needs of her Western State. Numberless questions are asked this department and the National Association about the situation of Nevada, and what sort of work ought to be done there. Miss Martin has prepared a statement which answers many of these questions. She says: Test Come in November. "The Constitutional amendment to enfranchise Nevada women passed the Legislature of 1911 and 1913 for the first time in the history of the State, and must be passed by a majority of the voters in November of 1914. "As concentrating on and winning campaigns in hopeful States is one of the most vital and potent ways of strengthening the national cause and advancing the Constitutional amendment, you who are interested in gaining enfranchisement for women will wish to have three questions answered. First, what are our peculiar problems? Second, what is our plan of campaign? Third, what are our chances of success? "As to our peculiar conditions, Nevada has an area of 110,000 square miles, a territory one-quarter larger than England, Scotland and Wales combined, on which are scattered only 80,000 people. Of these 80,000 more than 20,000 are voters, according to the census of 1910; 40,000 are men and 18,000 are women, over two men to one woman. Of the 20,000 or more voters about 50 per cent. are estimated to be transient, and of the 18,000 women about 20 per cent. only are transient. "Here we have a very strong argument for women's votes for the good of the State, as women represent in a much larger relative percentage the conservative, the stable interests of the community, the influence which with the permanent male population will legislate for the permanent good of the home and the State. Campaign by Letters. "As to the second question, our plan of campaign. How are we to reach the country vote of about 14,000 scattered over our 110,000 square miles? This country vote is the crux of the problem, as certain capitalists and vicious interests of the towns already are organizing against the passage of the amendment. "A postal propaganda is the best way to reach the voters of the rural districts, which carried the amendment in California. Every voter is being circularized at present with suffrage literature in a two-cent stamped envelope; it is planned to circularize each voter two or three times more before the election next November. The cost of this postal propaganda will be approximately $2,000. "A vigorous press campaign must be carried on. During the last two years more than 200 columns of specially written suffrage material has been pub- Miss Rose Bower of South Dakota who played bugle at Street meetings and country meetings in campaigns in Ohio and Wisconsin nia, who held one. Good suffrage speakers are an urgent necessity for building up suffrage sentiment and to give courage to women in a vast commonwealth which never before has had a suffrage campaign, and where the ground is almost unbroken since Susan B. Anthony, Dr. Shaw and Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt helped some brave pioneer workers in 1895. Organizer Is Needed. "The first three means of propaganda, literature by post, competitive essays and press works, can be largely carried out through resources within the State itself. In addition to this work our most pressing need is for the services of an organizer during at least the last six or eight months of the campaign, and as many speakers as will be possible to have during the last months to overcome the opposition, which is steadily growing. For this last important means of propaganda, organizers and speakers, we shall be largely dependent on the national organization. "Now as to the third and most interesting question - our prospect of winning. One of the most hopeful signs is the growth of the State society. Less than two years ago it was a local committee with fourteen paid members; it is now a State organization, with nearly 700 members and twenty county organizations. On our Advisory Board are the two United States Senators, both safe for the constitutional amendment; Congressmen, Governor and Lieutenant Governor, and Judges and representative men from every county. Republicans Are Holdouts. "The equal suffrage amendment is indorsed in the platforms of the Democrats, Progressives and Socialists, only the Republicans having refused to indorse it. With these in many ways favorable conditions, what are the prospects for the amendment to be adopted by a majority of the electorate in November of 1914? "The map showing Nevada absolutely surrounded by suffrage States suggests the hope we should come in almost automatically. But, on the other hand, the vicious interests in the States surrounding us are making a determined stand to retain Nevada as a stronghold. And here are peculiar problems, the migratory occupations of the State (railway construction, mining, etc.) resulting in an almost constant shifting of the population. "Nevada has the highest percentage of transient voters of any State in the Union, and this fact must be given due weight. The sociological department of the State University estimates that this transient population furnishes 50 per cent. of the total vote. How will these men vote on the suffrage amendment in view of the organized opposition developed from certain vested and vicious interests and the fact that one of our leading papers has recently become anti-suffragist? Western Spirit to Figure. "There is no doubt that many of these voters are liberal-minded men, and that labor is favorably disposed toward equal suffrage. Added to this the broad-minded Western spirit of the miners, the cowboys, the ranchers and the farmers, the generous attitude that our men of the West usually manifest toward women, the amendment should be safe in their hands. But we must take no chances: if Nevada should lose, our opponents would say it was because the neighboring States, all of which have adopted suffrage, have found it undesirable. Nevada is an important strategic point. "The certain winning of the amendment can be obtained with three or four thousand dollars necessary for Mrs. Mary S. Sperry Former President California Equal Suffrage Association the educative campaign to reach the scattered and changing vote, on which success depends. With the means to educate this vote, Nevada is virtually certain to join the ranks of the enfranchised States and make a solid, united West. Without the help of the national association and the other States we may not succeed: with that help we cannot fail." Twelve Child Labor Fights. The National Child Labor Committee has announced that although it will have only twelve campaigns on hand this winter (because the Legislatures of most of the States are not in session this year), it will have enough work to keep it from feeling dull. The Child Labor Bulletin says: "The eight hours a day for children is a crucial question now. In Massachusetts the textile interests are threatening to repeal this 'obnoxious clause' in the new Child Labor law." Last year California passed a new child labor law and provided for an Industrial Welfare Commission to make mandatory regulations concerning wages, hours and conditions of labor for women and minors. Colorado, Oregon and Washington established similar commissions. All of these States have equal suffrage. It would be interesting to see what would happen in any one of these States if an attempt were made to repeal any laws for the benefit of children. It is, however, practically certain that no such attempt would be successful, since women, once they are granted the franchise, are thoroughly alive to their responsibilities and their powers. Miss Blackwell Replies. Miss Alice Stone Blackwell writes in the Woman's Journal: "Several copies of the minority report denouncing Judge Lindsey have been sent to us from different sources. One copy, postmarked in Colorado, inclosed Mrs. Diska Breckenridge of Louisville Ky. an anonymous letter assailing Senator Helen Ring Robinson. It said, in substance, that she was generally hated by the people who knew her, and that she was not esteemed in the Legislature, and had accomplished nothing of consequence there. "A candidate who is generally hated does not run ahead of his or her ticket on election day, as Senator Robinson did; and a member of the Legislature not esteemed by the other members would not have been made chairman of the Committee on Education, and a member of so many other important committees, as Senator Robinson was, much less made chairman of the only hold-over committee of the Senate, that on State Institutions. As for what she has accomplished, her record speaks for itself. "An anonymous letter is so contemptible a weapon that no notice would have been taken of this one, except because it shows that the persons who are trying to blacken Judge Lindsey are equally ready to blacken any one who defends him." Argument for Suffrage. At the suffrage hearing before the Rules Committee of the House of Representatives this month Mrs. Mary Beard of New York submitted for the consideration of the Democratic party the argument that it could not survive without making woman suffrage a party measure. Why? "Because," said Mrs. Beard, "the election returns of 1912 revealed the fact that you are in power with so flimsy a majority that if at the very next Presidential election the votes of only one-eighth of the women of the suffrage States are changed from your support a party that does stand for equal suffrage will supplant you in the nation. "The Progressive party, which stood second in the race of 1912, believes in woman suffrage and has pledged itself to work for it. Again, there is the rising Socialist party, and the Socialist party believes in votes for women. The Socialist party is far more certain to draw strength from you than you are to draw from its ranks - the thirteen States in which your firm foundation stands are not enough to retain you in the White House or the Capitol. "There is not one suffrage State or one suffrage campaign State that was or is of which you are at all sure. That makes twenty-three States against your thirteen strongholds. If the South could keep you in power, all would be well for you, but it can't. You must win Northern power. To do that you Miss Anne Martin President Nevada Suffrage Association must espouse a cause popular in the North. Suffrage is the obvious choice for you to make." Geometric Advances. Mrs. Lucy Rider Meyer, principal of the Chicago Training School for Missions, in a recent article emphasizes the ethical side of woman's enfranchisement. She says: "Wyoming gave the ballot to its women in 1869, but during the next twenty- four years the cause rested. No progress was made that could be checked off on the records of Legislatures. But during the next twenty years nine States (besides the Territory of Alaska) enfranchised Child Labor Committee Finds Much Work for the Pres [i?n] "off" year. News of the week. enfrnchised their women - six of them within the last three years! Advance has been in geometric progression. The enthusiasm has been cumulative. But it is just within these years that that mighty though indefinable thing called social consciousness has sprung into existence and accompanying it that still mightier thing, the social conscience. It is our social conscience that is giving woman the ballot." The Political Equality Club of Minneapolis recently passed resolutions extending sympathy to Mrs. Pankhurst and protesting against the barbarous treatment of the suffragettes by the English Government. Mrs. Van Winkle Dined. A dinner in honor of Mrs. Van Winkle for her services to the suffrage cause held last week, brought out some fine tributes, notably that from former Sheriff Sommer, as to the value of having always a definite aim in view, says the Newark (N. J.) Call. Whatever may be felt regarding woman suffrage, it must be agreed by all that, first, the subject is a public issue which must be settled, and second, that the only right way to settle it is by full understanding and wide discussion. The Equal Franchise Society of New York will continue its series of meetings Tuesday afternoons at 4 p. m. during January, at No. 8 East Thirty-seventh street. The meetings are followed by tea. The attractions for the consecutive weeks are Dr. Stephen S. Wise, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, Mrs. Harriot Stanton Blatch, and a discussion led by Mrs. Jessica G. Cosgrove on "The Ignorant and Immoral Vote." The annual meeting, for members only, will be held January 12 at 3 p. m. 000604 MISS ROSE BOWER OF SOUTH DAKOTA WHO PLAYED BUGLE AT STREET MEETINGS AND COUNTRY MEETINGS IN CAMPAIGNS IN OHIO AND WISCONSIN. MRS. MARY S. SPERRY FORMER PRESIDENT CALIFORNIA EQUAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION. MRS. DISKA BRECKENRIDGE OF LOUISVILLE, KY. MISS ANNE MARTIN, PRESIDENT NEVADA SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION sudden, however, the nation of women has awakened to the fact there are interest out in that Western area who are fighting the issue so bitterly and with such perfect organization that unless attention is turned to it the measure will not carry there. This is the State in which the name of Mrs. Clarence Mackay was supposed to have great weight, since Mr. Mackay holds such large interests there and employs so many men. Suffragists now realize, however, that they must not depend on anything so loose and intangible as that to carry an election for them. Miss Anne Martin, president of the State Association of Nevada, has been in New York for several weeks directing the attention of the National Association and other Eastern organizations to the needs of her Western State. Numberless questions are asked this department and the National Association about the situation of Nevada, and what sort of work ought to be done there. Miss Martin has prepared a statement which answers many of these questions. She says: Test Comes in November. "The Constitutional amendment to enfranchise Nevada women passed the Legislature of 1911 and 1918 for the first time in the history of the State, and must be passed by a majority of the voters in November of 1914. "As concentrating on and winning campaigns in hopeful States is one of the most vital and potent ways of strengthening the national cause and advancing the Constitutional amendment, you who are interested in gaining enfranchisement for women will wish to have three questions answered. First, what are our peculiar problems? Second, what is our plan of campaign? Third, what are our chances of success? "As to our peculiar conditions. Nevada has an area of 110,000 square miles, a territory one-quarter larger than England, Scotland and Wales combined, on which are scattered only 80,000 people. Of these 80,000 more than 20,000 are voters, according to the census of 1910; 40,000 are men and 18,000 women, over two men to one woman. Of the 20,000 or more voters about 50 per cent. are estimated to be transient, and of the 18,000 women about 20 per cent. only are transient. "Here we have a very strong argument for women's votes for the good of the State, as women represent in a much larger relative percentage the conservative, the stable interests of the community, the influence which with the permanent male population will legislate for the permanent good of the home and the State. Campaign by Letters. "As to the second question, our plan of campaign. How are we to reach the country vote of about 14,000 scattered over our 110,000 square miles? This country vote is the crux of the problem, as certain capitalists and vicious interests of the towns already are organizing against the passage of the amendment. "A postal propaganda is the best way to reach the voters of the rural districts, which carried the amendment in California. Every voter is being cirularized at present with suffrage literature in a two-cent stamped envelope; it is planned to cirularize each voter two or three times more before the election next November. The cost of this postal propaganda will be approximately $2,000. "A vigorous press campaign must be carried on. During the last two years more than 200 columns of specially written suffrage material has been published in local newspapers, and every one of our fifty newspapers has been reached with a weekly suffrage bulletin of news. Are Using Children. "We also are using the schools and schoolchildren as a means of propaganda. There are only four public libraries in the State, with about ten high schools and a good system of widely separated district schools. Educating the children of this scattered population will educate the parents; the College Equal Suffrage League of the State University, formed last year, with the assistance of Miss Whitney of California, is organizing a suffrage essay contest in the various counties. "Our last and most important means of propaganda is through public meetings. The president visited every one of the sixteen counties during the last eighteen months and held meetings. The only speakers of note possible to obtain thus far in Nevada during the whole of the legislative campaign of three years have been Mrs. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, who held six meetings; Miss Gail Laughlin of Colorado, who held three meetings in different parts of the State, and Dr. Aked of California, who held one. Good suffrage speakers are an urgent necessity for building up suffrage sentiment and to give courage to women in a vast commonwealth which never before has had a suffrage campaign, and where the ground is almost unbroken since Susan B. Anthony, Dr. Shaw and Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt helped some brave pioneer workers in 1895. Organizer Is Needed. "The first three means of propaganda, literature by post competitive essays and press works, can be largely carried out through resources within the State itself. In addition to this work our most pressing need is for the services of an organizer during at least the last six or eight months of the campaign, and as many speakers as will be possible to have during the last months to overcome the opposition, which is steadily growing. For this last important means of propaganda, organizers and speakers, we shall be largely dependent on the national organization. "Now as to the third and most interesting question - our prospect of winning. One of the most hopeful signs is the growth of the State society. Less than two years ago it was a local committee with fourteen paid members; it is now a State organization, with nearly 700 members and twenty county organizations. On our Advisory Board are the two United States Senators, both safe for the constitutional amendment; Congressmen, Governor and Lieutenant Governor, and Judges and representative men from every county. Republicans Are Holdouts. "The equal suffrage amendment is indorsed in the platforms of the Democrats, Progressives and Socialists, only the Republicans having refused to indorse it. With these in many ways favorable conditions, what are the prospects for the amendment to be adopted by a majority of the electorate in November of 1914? "The map showing Nevada absolutely surrounded by suffrage States suggests the hope we should come in almost automatically. But, on the other hand, the vicious interests in the States surrounding us are making a determined stand to retain Nevada as a stronghold. And here are peculiar problems, the migratory occupations of the State (railway construction, mining, etc.) resulting in an almost constant shifting of the population. "Nevada has the highest percentage of transient voters of any State in the Union, and this fact must be given due weight. The sociological department of the State University estimates that this transient population furnishes 50 per cent. of the total vote. How will these men vote on the suffrage amendment in view of the organized opposition developed from certain vested and vicious interests and the fact that one of our leading papers has recently become anti-suffragist? Western Spirit to Figure. "There is no doubt that many of these voters are liberal-minded men, and that labor is favorably disposed toward equal suffrage. Added to this the broad-minded Western spirit of the miners, the cowboys, the ranchers and the farmers, the generous attitude that our men of the West usually manifest toward women, the amendment should be safe in their hands. But we must take no chances; if Nevada should lose, our opponents would say it was because the neighboring States, all of which have adopted suffrage, have found it undesirable. Nevada is an important strategic point. "The certain winning of 'he amendment can be obtained with three or four thousand dollars necessary for the educative campaign to reach the scattered and changing vote, on which success depends. With the means to educate this vote, Nevada is virtually certain to join the ranks of the enfranchised States and make a solid, united West. Without the help of the national association and the other States, we may not succeed; with that help we cannot fail." Twelve Child Labor Fights. The National Child Labor Committee has announced that although it will have only twelve campaigns on hand this winter (because the Legislatures of most of the States are not in session this year), it will have enough work to keep it from feeling dull. The Child Labor Bulletin says: "The eight hours a day for children is a crucial question now. In Massachusetts the textile interests are threatening to repeal this 'obnoxious clause' in the new Child Labor law." Last year California passed a new child labor law and provided for an Industrial Welfare Commission to make mandatory regulations concerning wages, hours and conditions of labor for women and minors. Colorado, Oregon and Washington established similar commissions. All of these States if an attempt were made to repeal any laws for the benefit of the children. It is, however, practically certain that no such attempt would be successful, since women, once they are granted the franchise, are thoroughly alive to their responsibilities and their powers. Miss Blackwell Replies. Miss Alice Stone Blackwell writes in the Woman's Journal: "Several copies of the minority report denouncing Judge Lindsey have been sent to us from different sources. One copy, postmarked in Colorado, inclosed an anonymous letter assailing Senator Helen Ring Robinson. It said, in substance, that she was generally hated by the people who knew her, and that she was not esteemed in the Legislature, and had accomplished nothing of consequence there. "A candidate who is generally hated does not run ahead of his or her ticket on election day, as Senator Robinson did; and a member of the Legislature not esteemed by the other members would not have been made chairman of the Committee on Education, and a member of so many other important committees, as Senator Robinson was, much less made chairman of the only hold-over committee of the Senate, that on State Institutions. As for what she has accomplished, her record speaks for itself. "An anonymous letter is so contemptible a weapon that no notice would have been taken of this one, except because it shows that the persons who are trying to blacken Judge Lindsey are equally ready to blacken any one who defends him." Argument for Suffrage. At the suffrage hearing before the Rules Committee of the House of Representatives this month Mrs. Mary Beard of New York submitted for the consideration of the Democratic party the argument that it could not survive without making woman suffrage a party measure. Why? "Because," said Mrs. Beard, "the election returns of 1912 revealed the fact that you are in power with so flimsy a majority that if at the very next Presidential election the votes of only one-eighth of the women of the suffrage States are changed from your support a party that does stand for equal suffrage will supplant you in the nation. "The Progressive party, which stood second in the race of 1912, believes in woman suffrage and has pledged itself to work for it. Again, there is the rising Socialist party, and the Socialist party believes in votes for women. The Socialist party is far more certain to draw strength from you than you are to draw strength from its ranks- the thirteen States in which your firm foundation stands are not enough to retain you in the White House or the Capitol. "There is not one suffrage State or one suffrage campaign State that was or is of which you are at all sure. That makes twenty-three States against your thirteen strongholds. If the South could keep you in power, all would be well for you, but it can't. You must with Northern power. To do that you must espouse a cause popular in the North. Suffrage is the obvious choice for you to make." Geometric Advances. Mrs. Lucy Rider Meyer, principal of the Chicago Training School for Missions, in a recent article emphasized the ethical side of women's enfranchisement. She says: "Wyoming gave the ballot to its women in 1869, but during the next twenty-four years the cause rested. No progress was made that could be checked off on the records of Legislatures. But during the next twenty years nine States (besides the Territory of Alaska) enfran- social conscience that is giving woman the ballot." The Political Equality Club of Minneapolis recently passed resolutions extending sympathy to Mrs. Pankhurst and protesting against the barbarous treatment of the suffragettes by the English Government. Mrs. Van Winkled Dined. A dinner in honor of Mrs. Van Winkle for her services to the suffrage cause, held last week, brought out some fine tributes, notably that from former Sheriff Sommer, as to the value of having always a definite aim in view, says the Newark (N.J.) Call. Whatever may be felt regarding woman suffrage, it must be agreed by all that, first, the subject is a public issue which must be settled, and second, that the only right way to settle it is by full understanding and wide discussion. The Equal Franchise Society of New York will continue its series of meetings Tuesday afternoons at 4 p.m. during January, at No. 8 East Thirty-seventh street. The meetings are followed by tea. The attractions for the consecutive weeks are Dr. Stephen S Wise, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, Mrs. Harriot Stanton Blatch, and a discussion led by Mrs. Jessica G. Cosgrove on "The Ignorant and Immoral Vote." The annual meeting, for members only, will be held January 12 at 3 p.m. Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.