NAWSA SUBJECT FLE Stowe, Harriet Beecher

ARRIVAL MRS. STOWE IN ENGLAND.
Mrs. Stowe was welcomed on landing at Liverpool
by a large crowd assembled on the wharf, and proceeded
to the house of a friend, Mr. Edward Cropper. On
Monday morning, she met a select circle at breakfast,
when Dr. McNeil presented an address of welcome. On
Tuesday, she met the members of the Liverpool Negro's
Friend Society. On Wednesday, she attended the British 
and Foreign Bible Society, and was presented with
a testimonial, in the shape of an elegantly worked
purse, containing £130, contributed by the ladies
of Liverpool. The chair was taken at eleven o'clock by
Adam Hodgson, Esq., who, as he representative of the
ladies, made the presentation. Professor Stowe, in an
appropriate speech, returned thanks, and also read an
address from Mrs. Stowe. Mrs. Stowe and party started 
per rail for Glasgow, at 1.15 the same day.
On the evening of the 18th, the great soiree was
given at Glasgow, in honor of Mrs. H. Beecher Stowe.
Two thousand persons were present, hundreds of whom
had taken their places an hour, at least, before the
proceedings commenced. Mr. McDowall, of Glasgow,
presided. After tea, the Rev. Dr. Wardlaw moved the
first resolution, welcoming to Glasgow Mrs. Stowe, and
including in the welcome the Rev. C. E. Stowe, who
holds the same principles and breathes the same spirit
of freedom with his accomplished partner. Dr. Robson
seconded this resolution. Professor Stowe returned
thanks, stating that Mrs. Stowe's health was still feeble, 
that his own engagements would not permit a long
stay in Britain, and that he would again be in America 
by the first of June. The Rev. gentleman concluded a
long statement respecting cotton and slavery by expresing 
his conviction that 'there is soundness in the
American mind, which, in due course, will be unmis-
takably developed.' A hymn was then sung, after
which the Times report says, 'the authoress of "Un-
cle Tom" rose, and bowing her acknowledgments to 
the audience, was conducted from the hall amidst the
most enthusiastic demonstrations of respect, the company 
standing, and the ladies waving their handkerchiefs.;
Rev. Dr. King next proposed a resolution, condemna
tory of slavery which was duly agreed to. Rev
Charles Beecher and other speakers also addressed the
meeting, which was prolonged to a late hour. Next
evening, Mrs. Stowe attended a soiree of the Glasgow
working-classes. From Glasgow she proceeded to Edinburgh, 
and thence would journey to London.

the waste places, and clothe the desert with roses
--
From the Brattleboro' Democrat.
A DISCOURSE, occasioned by the Death of DANIEL WEBSTER. Preached at the Melodeon, on Sunday, Oct. 31, 1853; by Rev. THEODORE PARKER. Boston: B. B. Mussey & Co., 1853.

A late writer in Putnam's Monthly remarks in a review of Bancroft, 'If genius is subject to the law of predestination, we should say that he was born expressly for this work'--the History of the United States. With truth we may apply this thought to Mr. Parker. He was adapted, better than any other man, to analyze the character of Daniel Webster. For years he had studied Webster, with regard to all that makes a man, --Intellect, Conscience, and Soul. Yet his task was indeed painful. The streets of Boston, which have often echoed to the stately tread of the 'old man eloquent,' still wore the tokens of mourning. The sombre flags still floated over Faneuil Hall, where, but a short time since, Webster had addressed his friends, and eloquently said, 'Here I am not 'disowned.' Boston and New England mourned their favorite son, and our country her great statesman. But, though the task was painful, the truth needed utterance. It was not the time then to mourn. A nation should mourn the loss of her great men when they cease to bless her, not when they die. Websters are not annual or perennial. Like the aloe-tree, they bloom but once an age. And when such men die, we should seek to know their greatness; find whether it was true or false, and see what relation they sustain to their age and the ages. This Mr. Parker has done. His introduction, on great men, and their relation to the world, shows deep insight of character and a knowledge of true greatness. His history of Webster's life gives an account of its principal events. He views him as a lawyer, an orator, and a public officer. His remarks upon Mr. Webster's political career are elaborate and just, and make the Discourse valuable for reference. Mr. Webster's acts of diplomacy and legislation are presented in a clear man-

the Board of Education, the head of the School System,
to help me abolish a cruel and illegal abuse in that
system.  But what right has the Secretary, the honored,
trusted, and well-paid agent of the State, to expect
private individuals to do his official duties?  The State
selects him, and not me, to discharge those duties, for 
the very reason that she is willing to trust him with
them, and is not willing to trust me.  I can honestly
say that I did all I could do, as a private individual,
to uphold his hands and maintain his good name against
his foes.

I have noticed thus in detail Mr. Mann's eight 
specifications, because I wished to prove my ability to meet
him on any ground he chose, and to show your readers
how utterly irrelevant they all were to the question at
issue between us.  But I now wish your readers to
observe, that I might have granted all Mr. Mann claims
in regard to the Blind Institution, the Normal Schools,
the Common School Journal, the Statue of 1845, and 
the Boston City Solicitor; and all together would not
have touched my charge against him.  The only charge
I ever made against him was for misconduct as Secretary
of the Massachusetts Board of Education.  In my
original articles in 1847 and 1948, I stated this very
carefully.  If I had not already taken up so many of 
your columns, I should ask you to republish those
articless, to show how guardedly they are written.  I have
made but two references to the matter since, in the first
and in the second Letter of this correspondence.  In the 
first I said --
'It is only within a very few years that he has opened 
his mouth on the subject of slavery.  For years 
as Secretary of the Board of Education, he preserved
a profound silence, while his intimate friends were

[*Liberator May 6 1853*]

MRS. HARRIET BEECHER STOWE'S CHARITY. There 
was recently a family of thirty slaves in Virginia, 
which the owner offered to sell into freedom at a 
very small price, and some benevolent parties in 
Philadelphia undertook to raise the amount by 
subscription. The facts were presented by letter 
to Mrs. Sigourney, who immediately enclosed twenty-five 
dollars for the object. Mrs. Harriet Beecher 
Stowe was also written to, and of course she responded 
by sending a very large sum of money for 
the 'glorious purpose.' She has just realized an 
immense fortune by her abolitionism; she was on 
the eve of starting for England, to be feted by the 
Duchess of Sutherland and caressed by the hand 
of the nobility, and of course she gave a very large 
sum to purchase these thirty slaves. No, good 
reader, she gave not one cent. She sent back a letter 
full of sweet sympathy, abounding with the 
charity of advice and approval, but as empty of 
money as her own face is of shame at the 
contemptible part she is now playing in England of 
forging a State's evidence against her country. No, 
she had no money for 'the poor slave.' As her 
eminent friend and co-laborer, Mr. Aminidab Sleek 
would say, 'It is not in our way.' Her 'mission' 
is to make money out of negro philanthropy, 
and not for it. - National Democrat.

THE KEY. 'A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, by H.
B. Stowe,' is a compilation of 'raw head and bloody
bones' stories that have been set afloat during the
last fifty years, with advertisements from Southern
newspapers, &c. The history of the New England
slave-trade is omitted. Messrs. Jewett & Co. will
pocket a handsome sum, and Mrs. Stowe add
several thousands to her fortune.' -- Boston Post.

'The Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin we could not
possibly read, though we made several unsuccessful
attempts so to do.'--'E.V.S.'  Newburyport Herald.

July 4 - 1896
P. 213
Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe 
died at her home in Hartford, 
July 1.
(Sketch of life follows.)

June 24-1882
Page. 196
Mrs. Stowe's Birthday
We give to-day a full account 
of the memorable birthday 
celebration of Ms. Harriet Beecher 
Stowe.  A distinguished company 
met to honor a woman 


for having exerted a controlling 
power in American Politics, in 
a great national exigency.
Unexpected and uninvited 
by the public, at a critical moment 
in our history, like another Joan 
of Arc, this woman, in 1852, spoke 
the word which rallied the hosts 
of freedom against the citadel of 
slavery.  It was the midnight 
of the moral conflict.  For twenty 
years, amid mobs and execrations, 
the abolitionists had endured 
social ostracism, struggling 
to be heard.  Whigs and 
Democrats had just united 
in the infamous "compromises 
of 1850", which guaranteed the 
"finality" of slavery. Church

and state were awed into silence, and the triumph of the southern autocracy seemed complete. 
       With magnificant audacity Dr.Samaliel Bailey replied to the Cincinnati mob, which had twice thrown his press into Ohio River, by planting his national era in Washington with John G. Whittier as his associate editor. He called on Mrs. Stowe for aid. Like the song of a bird at midnight her voice rose amid the hush and  (unclear) the dance. The thrilling tones rang over the continent and were heard across the sea. Straightway began  


an agitation which rent the churches assender, divided parties, revolutionized parties, changed the currents of business, alienated further from son, brother from sister, section from section ; which filled both North and South with a divine madness, precipitated secession and civil war, made union and emancipation "one and irreparable" and buried slavery forever,...

W.B.B

From the New York Evangelist. 
[*Lib.
Oct 22
1852*]
UNCLE TOM'S CABIN. 

MR. EDITOR :--I seen in your paper that some persons
deny the statements of Mrs. Stowe.  I have
read her book, every word of it.  I was born in East
Tennessee, near Knoxville, and we thought, an enlightened
part of the Union, much favored in our 
social, political and religious privileges, &c., &c.-- 
Well, I think about the year 1829, or perhaps '28, a 
good old German Methodist owned a black man
named Robin, a Methodist preacher, and the manager
of farm, distillery, 7c., salesman and financier.
This good old German Methodist has a son named
Willey, a schoolmate of mine, and, as times were, a
first-rate fellow.  The old man also owned a keen,
bright-eyed mulatto girl ;  and Willey, the naughty
boy, became enamored of the poor girl.  The result
was soon discovered, and our good German Methodist
told his brother Robin to flog the girl for her
wickedness.  Brother Robin said he could not and
would not perform such an act of cruelty as to flog
the girl for what she could not help ;  and for that act 
of disobedience old Robin was flogged by the good
old German brother until he could not stand.  He
was carried to bed, and some three weeks thereafter, 
when my father left the State, he was still confined 
to his bed from the effects of that flogging. 
Again :  In the fall of 1836, I went South for my
health, stopped at a village in Mississippi, and
obtained employment in the largest house in the
county as a book-keeper, with a firm from Louisville,
Ky.  A man residing near the village, a bachelor
30 years of age, became embarrassed, and executed 
a mortgage to my employer on a fine likely boy, 
weighing about 200 lbs., quick-witted, active, obedient,
and remarkably faithful, trusty and honest--so
much so, that he was held up as an example.  He had
a wife that he loved.  His owner cast his eyes upon
her, and she became his paramour.  His boy remonstrated
with his master, told him that he tried
faithfully to perform his every duty, that he was a good
and faithful 'nigger' to him, and it was hard, after he
had toiled hard all day, and till 10 o'clock at night, for
him to have his domestic relations broken up and interfered
with.  The white man denied the charge, 
and the wife also denied it.  One night, about the 
1st of September, the boy came home earlier than
usual, say about 9 o'clock.  It was a wet, dismal
night ;  he made a fire in his cabin, went to get his
supper, and found occular demonstration of the guilt
of his master.  He became utterly enraged, as I
suppose any man would, seized a butcher-knife, and
cut his master's throat, stabbed his wife in twenty-seven
places, came to the village, and knocked at the
office door.  I told him to come in.  He did so, and
asked for my employer.  I called him.  The boy
then told him that he had killed his master, and his
wife and what for.  My employer locked him up, 
and he, a doctor and myself went out to the house of
the old bachelor, and found him dead, and the boy's 
wife nearly so.  She, however, lived.  We (my employer
and myself) returned to the village, watched
the boy until about sunrise, left him locked up, and
went to get our breakfasts, intending to take the boy
to jail, (as it was my employer's interest, if possible,
to save the boy, having $1,000 at stake in him.)  But
whilst we were eating, some persons, who had heard
of the murder, broke open the door, took the poor 
fellow, put a long chain round his neck, and started 
him for the woods at the point of the bayonet, marching
by where we were eating, with a great deal of
noise.  My employer hearing it, ran out and rescued 
the boy.  The mob again broke in, and took the
boy, and marched him, as before stated, out of town. 
    My employer then begged them not to disgrace
their own town in such a manner ;  but to appoint a jury
of twelve sober men, to decide what should be done. 
And twelve as sober men as could be found (I was 
not sober) said he must be hanged.  They then tied
a rope round his neck, and set him on an old horse.
He made a speech to the mob, which I at the time 
thought, if it had come from some Senator, would
have been received with rounds of applause ;  and
withal, he as more calm than I am now in writing 
this.  And after he had told all about the deed, and
s cause, he then kicked the horse out from under
him, and was launched into eternity.  My employer 
has often remarked, that he never saw anything more
noble, in his whole life, than the conduct of that
boy. 
Now, Mr. Editor, I have given you facts, and can
give you names and dates.  You can do what you
think is best for the cause of humanity.  I hope I
have seen the evil of my former practices, and will
endeavor to reform. 
Very respectfully,
JAMES L. HILL. 
Springfield, (Ill.,) Sept. 17th, 1852.

stealing, and God-denying enactments.--
Painesville Tel, Sept. 22 

The Liberator. 

No Union with Slaveholders ! 
BOSTON, OCT. 22, 1852. 

THE ANTI-SLAVERY ADVOCATE. 
A very neat and attractive-looking sheet, of eight
pages quarto, bearing the above title, came to our
hands by the last steam-ship from England.  I appears
to be published simultaneously in London and
Dublin, and is to be issued monthly, the first number
having been published on the first of October. 

We have read this first number with a peculiar satisfaction. 
We confess to something of a feeling of surprise
at the well-matured and remarkably correct views 
of the American slave system, which are to be found
in its every column ;--such views as, it is generally
supposed, only a residence in the United States, and
an intimate acquaintance with the history, customs, 
prejudices, institutions, and men of the country, can
enable one to obtain.  We do not remember to have
seen any publication, from the other side of the water, 
which can compare with this number of the A. S. Advocate
in these respects.  Its positions are taken carefully,
and sustained by sound argument, and abundant
testimony--testimony which neither the slaveholder
nor his Northern abettor can deny to be competent. 
Its perception of the leading influences which
go to sustain, strengthen, and increase the slaveholding
power, and which also seek to disparage and
thwart the efforts of the friends of impartial freedom, 
is clear, and in our view entirely just.  Fairness and
candor seem to govern the writers in the formation
and in the utterance of their opinions ;  the spirit and
temper of the paper being dignified and courteous, and
at the same time brave and earnest. 

We cannot but deeply rejoice in the appearance of
such a paper.  Knowing how much misconception
there is of the anti-slavery movement in the minds
of the British people, and what infinite pains have
been taken by its enemies, here and abroad, to create 
that misconception, and to defame the men and women
who have given themselves the most entirely to 
this movement,--representing them as the advocates
of whatever is vile and hateful in the sight of God and
all good men,--knowing this, we see how great a 
necessity exists for a journal, published on British 
ground, made up wholly by British minds, which shall
present to the British public an impartial, honest, and
reliable view of the whole matter ;  which shall take 
no partisan, or sectarian, or one-sided view ;  which
shall be pledged to no particular theory, and (as the
Advocate claims for itself) 'to no particular party' in
America.  Such a journal has long been needed ;  fo 
British pro-slavery, cupidity and bigotry have long 
been working to undermine and destroy every American
anti-slavery influence.  It is greatly needed a
this time for the purpose of telling the truth and the
whole truth, of spreading a knowledge of American
slavery as it is, of exposing calumny, and in order to
awaken every true lover of freedom in Great Britain
and Ireland to do his duty to three millions of SLAVES 
in the American Republic.  And, so far as an opinion
can be formed from a single number, we believe th
such a journal has at length been established, an
will be found in the Anti-Slavery Advocate.  The paper 
is evidently the work of persons who have brough 
intelligence, honesty, and deep sympathy to the investigation
of this great subject.  We have no means
of knowing who are the writers of the several articles. 
Richard D. Webb of Dublin is announced as
the printer and publisher of the paper.  No more devoted,
faithful, and steadfast friend of the American
slave can easily be found, on either side of the water
than Mr. Webb.  Without doubt, his able and vigorous
pen will contribute its full share to the Advocate's
columns.  And others of like ability and devotedness
are manifestly united with him. 
With these views, we hardly need add, that w

The
Test of
Experiment
"Americans are a
practical people,
and the opinions of
men who have
practical experience
of women's voting
should carry weight.
They are teh ones
whose views are
based on facts and
not on theory."
Lyman Beecher Stowe.

From Report of United States Senate
Committee on Woman Suffrage

"That the granting of the elective franchise
to women would add to the strength,
efficiency, justice, and fairness of government,
we have not the slightest doubt. That
the class of citizens described in the above
resolution (females) has abundantly demonstrated
it is eminently worthy of possessing
such a right, has never been successfully 
contradicted."

2


PHOTOGRAPHS: 1862

965 House of Bishops of the P. E. Church of the U. S. Photographed from
Life at the Triennial Convention. 24 photos about 2x4,
mounted in a heavy album measuring about 6x5, pub. in
1862, in N. Y. C. by T. P. Shaw.

If It Is Out Of Print Write Us About It.

(SHEET MUSIC:  WHITTIER:  STOWE) 
982  Little Eva:  Uncle Tom's Guardian Angel  . . .  dedicated to Mrs. Stowe,
Poetry by J. G. Whittier, Music by Manuel Elilio.  Bost., 
1852.     7.50 

If It Is Out Of Print Write Us About It. 


THE WOMAN'S COLUMN. 

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS. 

A few weeks ago, the present writer
visited one of the oldest, and in some respects
one of the best, local equal rights 
associations in the country.  She found
three amendments to the constitution
pending: 
1.  To change the name of the society
from "Woman Suffrage Association" to
"Political Equality Club." 
2.  To exclude men from regular membership
and from the right to vote. 
3.  To exclude men from the audience at
all lectures and addresses given under the
auspices of the association, except when
the lecturer is a man. 
The question of a name is generally of
minor importance, and is to be settled by
convenience.  At the recent Washington 
convention, Miss Henderson Daingerfield, 
of Virginia, said that in her State people 
were still a good deal afraid of the words
"woman suffrage," and woman suffrage
by any other name was a little sweeter. 
Miss Anthony answered, "Never mind
what they call it, so long as they give us
the kernel."  I think that is the feeling of
most sensible women who desire suffrage; 
they do not care much whether it is called
"suffrage," or "franchise," or "woman's 

think about the matter helps the cause
along.  There may occasionally be business
meetings to which outsiders should
not be admitted;  but at all public meetings, 
the more reporters there are present, 
the better.  In the daily papers, arguments
that were spoken before a few
score or a few hundred people will be
read by thousands. 
Among the reasons mentioned for excluding
men were that the less experienced
women were afraid to talk before 
them (which was also given as a reason 
for excluding the reporter); that the men 
were apt to want to "run things";  and 
that the only man who as a rule attended 
the meetings was a person of wild ideas, 
and talked anarchism, etc., to the dismay 
of the ladies.  It seemed to me that if few
men attended the meetings, they certainly
could not "run things" without the
women's consent.  If women are to take
part in politics, they must learn to work
with men, to speak in their presence, and
to transact business with them without 
letting themselves be intimidated and
overborne by mere masculinity per se 
And the equal rights association is a goo
place to practise.  Any stray "crank" 
who makes himself obnoxious and wanders 
from the point can be gently  bu
firmly suppressed by constitutional methods,
without resorting to so drastic  
measure as excluding all men, and thu 
abandoning the equal rights principle
Putting him down will be good practice
for the president, and being put down
will be a wholesome experience for him
After it has been done a few times, he
will subside permanently, and the association
can go upon its way rejoicing. 
ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. 

vote and hold office, whether they want
to or not.  How would a delicate woman
feel to have to be a pound-keeper, and
have all kinds of offices thrust at her?"
"Why, Jabez," asked I, "is every man
obliged to vote and compelled to be president
of these United States whether or 
no?" 
"Why, no, not exactly," says Jabez,
"but somebody's got to be president, and
so we try to find somebody that's passably
willing.  In cases like this, we don't
think 'twould be right to use too much 
compelling power in this 'land of the
free and the home of the brave!' "  This is
Jabez's favorite quotation, and I do get a
little tired of it sometimes, especially
when I read of some poor child that has 



The Woman's Column. 

VOL. VI.     BOSTON, MASS.,  FEBRUARY 11, 1893.     NO. 6. 

The Woman's Column. 
Published Weekly at 3 Park Street, Boston, Mass. 
EDITOR 
ALICE STONE BLACKWEELL. 
Subscription,     25 cents per annum. 
Advertising Rates,     50 cents per line. 
Entered as second-class matter, at the Boston, Mass
Post-Office, Jan. 18th, 1888. 

of woman is properly to be
enlarged, and that republican 
governments in particular 
are to be saved from corruption
and failure only by
allowing to woman this enlarged
sphere.  Every woman 
has rights as a human being
first, which belong to no
sex, and ought to be as
freely conceded to her as if 
she were a man,--and first
and foremost, the great
right of doing anything
which God and nature evidently
have fitted her to 
excel in.  If she be made a
natural orator, like Miss
Dickinson, or an astronomer, 
like Mrs. Somerville, or
a singer, like Grisi, let not
the technical rules of womanhood
be thrown in the
way of her free use of her 
powers.  Nor can there be
any reason shown why a
woman's vote in the State 
should not be received with
as much respect as in the
family.  A State is but an 
association of families, and
laws relate to the rights and
immunities which touch woman's most
private and immediate wants and dearest
hopes;  and there is no reason 
why sister, wife and mother should be 
more powerless in the State that in the
home.  Nor does it make a woman unwomanly
to express an opinion by dropping
a slip of paper into a box, more than
to express that same opinion by conversation.
In fact, there is no doubt that in
all matters relating to the interests of 
education, temperance and religion, the
State would be a material gainer by receiving
the votes of women. 

[head-shot illustration of Alice Blackwell Stone] 
[signature - AB Stone] 


marked  it was most dark, and the cows
were waiting to be milked.  And I was
left alone to muse for awhile, and I
mused on the dear and beloved poet
Whittier, now gone, and of the many 
cheering words he'd said for our cause,
and I also thought of the good advice that
he gave to his brothers.  I hope they will 
heed it.  He says: 

"On such alone as fitly bear
Your civic honors, let them fall,
And call your daughters forth to share
The rights and duties pledged to all." 

With love to both sisters and brothers,
I subscribe myself now, as ever, RHODA
HOPEWELL, in New Bedford Mercury. 

At Battle Creek, Mich., there are 1,201
women tax-payers.  Their property is
assessed at $468,290, of which $34, 295 is
personal property.  Their total tax
amounts to over $12, 000. 



MRS. STOWE ON WOMAN'S SPHERE.
The question was lately raised whether Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe had ever publicly declared herself in favor of suffrage for women. The following extract from Mrs. Stowe's "House and Home Papers," a volume copyrighted by her in 1864, shows that, even in very early days, she expressed herself upon this question with no uncertain sound:
Woman's Rights Conventions are a protest against many former absurd, unreasonable ideas,- the mere physical and culinary idea of womanhood as connected only with puddings and shirt buttons, the unjust and unequal burdens which the laws of harsher ages had cast upon the sex. Many of the women connected with these movements are as superior in everything properly womanly as they are in exceptional talent and culture. There is no manner of doubt that the sphere

The Woman's Column.
VOL. VI. BOSTON, MASS., FEBRUARY 11, 1893. No. 6.
The Woman's Column. 
Published Weekly at 3 Park Street, Boston, Mass.
EDITOR: ALICE STONE BLACKWELL.
Subscription, 25 cents per annum.
Advertising Rates, 50 cents per line.
(Entered as second-class matter, at the Boston, Mass Post-Office. Jan. 18th 1888.)
A BAD BILL.
A bill for the State regulation of vice has been introduced in the Missouri Legislature. It provides for the licensing of the social evil in all cities having a population of more than one hundred thousand. Such legislation is morally iniquitous on the face of it. Moreover, it has been fruitful of bad results wherever introduced. In St. Louis it was tried for a year or two, and was then abolished by an almost unanimous vote, only a single member of the city council voting to retain it. In England it was tried for seventeen years, and was then abolished by a very large Parliamentary majority. Otaly has abandoned the system after some years' trial; and there is a growing opposition to it in every European country where it still exists. The experience everywhere is the same; the increase of vice resulting from fancied security more than neutralizes any sanitary benefits from the very imperfect medical supervision which is all that can, in the nature of the case, be given. The consequence is an actual deterioration in the public health, besides the inevitable deadening of the public conscience and lowering of the moral tone of the community. It is no time for America to take up this bad legislation when even Europe is abandoning it. Every man and woman in Missouri should write to his or her member of the Legislature, protesting against this bill. If women could vote, it would have never been introduced.

MRS. STOW ON WOMAN"S SPHERE.
--
  The question was lately raised whether
Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe had ever publically
declared herself in favor of suffrage
for women. The following extract from
Mrs. Stowe's "House and Home Papers,"
a volume copyrighted by her in 1864,
shows that, even in very early days, she
expressed herself upon this question 
with no uncertain sound:
  Woman's Rights Conventions are a 
protest against many former absurd, unreasonable
ideas,--the mere physical and
culinary idea of womanhood as connected
only with pudding and shirt buttons,
the unjust and unequal burdens which the
laws of harsher ages had cast upon the
sex. Many of the women connected with
these movements are as superior in everything
properly womanly as they are in
exceptional talent and culture. There
is no manner of doubt that the sphere
of woman is properly to be
enlarged, and that republican 
governments in particular
are to be saved from corruption
and failure only by allowing to woman this enlarged
sphere. Every woman
has rights as a human being
first, which belong to no
sex, and ought to be as
freely connected to her as if
she were a man,--and first
and foremost, the great
right of doing anything
which God and nature evidently 
have fitted her to
excel in. If she be made a
natural orator, like Miss
Dickinson, or an astronomer,
like Mrs. Somerville, or
a singer, like Grisi, let not
the technical rules of womanhood
be thrown in the
way of her free use of her
powers. Nor can there be
any reason shown why a
woman's vote in the State
should not be received with
as much respect as in the
family. A State is but an
association of families, and
laws relate to the rights and
immunities which touch woman's most
private and immediate wants and dearest
hopes; and there is no reason
why sister, wife and mother should be 
more powerless in the State than in the 
home. Nor does it make a woman 
unwomanly to express an opinion by dropping
a slip of paper into a box, more than
to express that same opinion by conversation.
In fact, there is no doubt that in all
matters relating to the interests of
education, temperance and religion, the
State would be a material gainer by receiving
the votes of women.

THE WOMAN'S COLUMN. 

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS. 

A few weeks ago, the present writer 
visited one of the oldest, and in some respects
one of the best, local equal rights
associations in the country.  She found
three amendments to the constitution
pending: 
1.  To change the name of the society
from "Woman Suffrage Association" to 
"Political Equality Club." 
2.  To exclude men from regular membership
and from the right to vote. 
3.  To exclude men from the audience at
all lectures and addresses given under the
auspices of the association, except when
the lecturer is a man. 
The question of a name is generally of
minor importance, and is to be settled by
convenience.  At the recent Washington
convention, Miss Henderson Daingerfield,
of Virginia, said that in her State people
were still a good deal afraid of the words
"woman suffrage," and woman suffrage
by any other name was a little sweeter. 
Miss Anthony answered, "Never mind
what they call it, so long as they give us
the kernel."  I think that is the feeling of
most sensible women who desire suffrage; 
they do not care much whether it is called
"suffrage," or "franchise," or "woman's
ballot," or "equal rights," if only they 

think about the matter helps the cause
along.  There may occasionally be business
meetings to which outsiders should
not be admitted;  but at all public meetings, 
the more reporters there are present, 
the better.  In the daily papers, arguments
that were spoken before a few
score or a few hundred people will be
read by thousands. 
Among the reasons mentioned for excluding
men were that the less experienced
women were afraid to talk before
them (which was also given as a reason
for excluding the reporter); that the men 
were apt to want to "run things";  and
that the only man who as a rule attended 
the meetings was a person of wild ideas,
and talked anarchism, etc., to the dismay
of the ladies.  It seemed to me that if few
men attended the meetings, they certainly
could not "run things" without the
women's consent.   If women are to take 
part in politics, they must learn to work
with men, to speak in their presence, and
to transact business with them without
letting themselves be intimidated and
overborne by mere masculinity per se. 
And the equal rights association is a good
place to practice.  Any stray "crank"
who makes himself obnoxious and wanders
from the point can be gently but
firmly suppressed by constitutional methods, 
without resorting to so drastic a 
measure as excluding all men, and thus
abandoning the equal rights principle. 
Putting him down will be good practice
for the president, and being put down
will be a wholesome experience for him. 
After it has been done a few times, he
will subside permanently, and the association
can go upon its way rejoicing. 
ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. 

vote and hold office, whether they want
to or not.  How would a delicate woman
feel to have to be a pound-keeper, and
have all kinds of offices thrust at her?"
"Why, Jabez," asked I, "is every man
obliged to vote and compelled to be president
of these United States whether or
no?" 
"Why, no, not exactly," says Jabez,
"but somebody's got to be president, and
so we try to find somebody that's passably 
willing.  In cases like this, we don't 
think 'twould be right to use too much
compelling power in this 'land of the
free and the home of the brave!' "  This is
Jabez's favorite quotation, and I do get a
little tired of it sometimes, especially
when I read of some poor child that has 
been torn from its mother's arms by some
unfeeling father, all according to the law
of this so-called land of the free. 
So, I said:  "not quite so free yet, 
Jabez, when in only six States out of
forty-four a mother has the right of being
equal guardian of her child with the
father.  But if men don't vote unless they
want to, I don't see the need of the
'Remonstrants' being so afraid on Julia
Ward Howe's account.  According to my
view, their own record will present a
scareful picture in days to come.  Now,
Jabez, the Legislature that passes this 
woman suffrage bill will be looked up to
with pride by future generations, the
same as we look up to our forefathers--
and mothers, too, Jabez; yes, the mothers 
have shared in all the reforms of the ages,
and they ought to have the credit.  Well, 
as our boy Amos is in the Legislature 
now, I will confess that I had a little
rather (yes, I am partial) have the bill
come off this year.  Amos has always 
stood up for his mother and sisters, and he
will be proud to stand up in the Legislature
for those good women who have
borne the burden and heat of the day.  How
can Gladstone object to woman suffrage 
when he says that women have voted in
municipal elections "without detriment,
and with great advantage"? 
"Oh," said Jabez, "I can guess that
conundrum.  Because he believes in home
rule." 
I knew that Jabez though he had said
something bright, so I thought it was a 
good time to stop our talk, and I just remarked
it was most dark, and the cows 
were waiting to be milked.  And I was
left alone to must for awhile, and I
mused on the dear and beloved poet
Whittier, now gone, and of the many
cheering words he'd said for our cause,
and I also thought of the good advice that
he gave to his brothers.  I hope they will
heed it.  He says: 

"On such alone as fitly bear 
Your civic honors, let them fall,
And call your daughters forth to share 
The rights and duties pledged to all." 

With love to both sisters and brothers,
I subscribe myself now, as ever, RHODA
HOPEWELL, in New Bedford Mercury. 

At Battle Creek, Mich.., there are 1,201 
women tax-payers.  Their property is
assessed at $468,290, of which $34,205 is
personal property.  Their total tax
amounts to over $12,000. 



From Monitor:  February 25, 1933 

TWELVE GREATEST WOMEN LEADERS IN THE U.S. IN THE LAST
ONE HUNDRED YEARS 

An open poll to determine the 12 greatest women leaders in the
United States during the last 100 years was taken recently by
the National Council of Women and the Ladies' Home Journal, for the
Hall of Fame at the Chicago Century of Progress Exposition.  The
names placed on this roll of honor in the order of votes received
were: 

Mary Baker Eddy
Jane Addams
Clara Barton
Frances E. Willard
Susan B. Anthony
Helen Keller
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Julia Ward Howe 
Carrie Chapman Catt
Amelia Earhart Putnam
Mary Lyon
Mary E. Woolley

THE 
REVIEW OF REVIEWS 
MONTHLY
ILLUSTRATED 
AN INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE
August 
1896 
Edited by ALBERT SHAW 

William J. Bryan:  A Character Sketch. 
(Illustrated)     By Willis J. Abbot

Dr. Barnardo's Homes
for Homeless Children, 
by W. T. Stead (Illustrated). 

Harriet Beecher Stowe 
(with portraits). 

The Progress of Australian
Federation. 

Francis A. Walker on 
Bimetallism. 

The Battle of the 
Monetary Standards: 
1.  The Editor's Account of
the Chicago Convention. 
2.  "Leading Articles" from 
the most various sources. 
3.  The political cartoons and
Record of Events. 

Nearly a Hundred Illustrations, including many very timely portraits. 

THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO., 13 Astor Place, New York. 
Vol. XIV.  No. 79   
Entered at N. Y. Post Office as Second class matter 
Copyright, 1896, by THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO. 
Price 25c. ($2.50 a Year.)



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HARRIET BEECHER STOWE 

"THE greatest of American women, -Harriet
Beecher Stowe," were the recent words of
Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, who would probably stand
next in order for a claim to that superlative title.  So
thoroughly have Uncle Tom, Topsy, Eva and Legree
become ingrained in the material of our home life,
home thoughts, our everyday quotations and points 
of view, and so quiet have been the later flickering
days of the ardent soul who flamed forth into that 
mighty tract,--that it requires some conscious readjustment
of perspective to realize that the life which 
passed away on July 1 belonged to the most notable
women the new world has produced -and if one
were to say the most notable woman whom the century 
has produced, it would be difficult to object 
with specific instances.  Mrs. Stowe has spent the
last years of her life in Hartford in a retirement emphasized
by frequent feeble or almost eclipsed men 
tal conditions.  A few days before her death she celebrated
her eighty-fifth birthday, for she was born at
Litchfield, Conn., in 1811 and not in 1812, as most of
the cyclopedias and other authorities have it. 
From her earliest childhood she was surrounded 
by an atmosphere of ethical discussion and moral
earnestness that was quick to take on the reforming
zeal.  Her father was the Rev. Lyman Beecher, and
five of her brothers, besides the famous Henry
Ward, were members of the ministry.  She was an
imaginative and amiable child, who read voraciously
of the great classic romances, for which she found
time after the demands of such questions as "Can 
the immortality of the soul be proved by the light of
nature," which, at the age of twelve, this very
young theologue answered in the negative in a school 
composition.  At fifteen she was one of the assistance
teachers in the seminary at Hartford, where her
sister Catherine was principal. 
In 1832, when the Rev. Lyman Becher became
President of Lane Theological Seminary, Harriet
went with him to Cincinnati and four years later
became the wife of Professor Stowe.  This gentle 
man had the most marked influence on her work.
He is described as a typical figure of the German
professor, and his appearance did not belie him
for in one of her gossipy letters Mrs. Stowe reproaches
him with being in the act of reading
"Faust" for the "nine hundred and ninety-ninth 
time"  Mrs. Stowe had no special sympathies
with these German studies, but he stood with her
for knowledge, exact, certain knowledge ; and she
depended on him for those attainments which her 
burning zeal and sympathetic heart left her little
energy for.  Professor Stowe was not by any means 
a mere Casaubon.  In fact, he was a man who very
literally saw visions.  Mrs. Fields tells a story illustrating
this peculiar power he possessed of seeing
persons who could not be perceived by others:  visions
so distinct that it was impossible for him at times
to distinguish between the real and unreal.  "I recall 

one illustration which had occurred only a few
years previous to their departure from Andover.
She had been called to Boston one day on business.
Making her preparations hurriedly, she bade the
household farewell, and rushed to the station, only 
to see the train go out as she arrived.  There was 
nothing to do but to return home and wait patiently
for the next train ;  but wishing not to be disturbed,
she quietly opened a side door and crept noiselessly up,
the staircase leading to her own room, sitting down 

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE IN 1853. 
One year after "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was published. 

by her writing-table in the window.  She had been
seated about half an hour when Professor Stowe 
came in, looked about him with a preoccupied air, 
but did not speak to her.  She thought his behavior
strange, and amused herself by watching him ;  at 
last the situation became so extraordinary that she
began to laugh.  'Why,' he exclaimed, with a most
astonished air, 'is that you?  I thought it was one of
my visions !' " 
Mrs. Stowe seems to have profited by both the
strength and the weakness of her spouse.  In a letter
to the lady who tells this anecdote,, she speaks of
reading one of her just finished stories to the professor,
who "knew everything."  "Though one may
think a husband a partial judge, yet mine is so nervous
and so afraid of being bored that I feel as if it

178     THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS. 

were something to hold him;  and he likes it,--is 
quite wakeful, so to speak,about it."  Professor Stowe
accompanied his wife to their Florida home, which
they visited during many winters following 1867, 

MRS. STOWE AND HENRY WARD BEECHER. 

and preached there in a little church built by the
authoress from the proceeds of some readings given 
in the North from her own works.  He died twelve
years ago. 
In Cincinnati Mrs. Stowe fell also under the
influence of events, which, from the standpoint of
the world's gain from her, were more important
in her life than the marriage.  In that city in the
years preceding 1850 she became zealously interested 
in the conditions of slavery which led up
to the great crisis of '60.  She studied the facts 
connected with the slave-holding state and the
ugly sectional problems they gave rise to, with
eagerness and thoroughness.  She already took an
active part in the anti-slavery agitation, and her
Cincinnati house was offered as a refuge for this
fugitive slaves until Lane Seminary itself was 

threatened by rioters who sympathized with the
Southerners.  Her life-long friend, Dr. Gamaliel 
Bailey, was the proprietor of an anti-slavery paper
in the city on the Ohio, and the mobs did not neglect
his office on their rounds.  One of her early griefs 
had been the sale, as part of the assets of a Kentucky 
estate, of a little colored boy who had been a
loved pupil of hers.  She had enlisted her sympathies,
too, strongly in behalf of one of her family servants, 
whose husband was a slave, but who would not 
break his promise to his Southern master when 
allowed to visit the North, on parole, as it were. 
These details of Mrs. Stowe's acquaintance with
and interest in matters of slavery agitation are
especially referred to because they had a direct and
all-powerful effect on the production of her great 
story, the most famous and widely known book ever 
written in America and probably the most universally
read secular volume that has ever been given 
to the world.  It was in 1850, when Mrs. Stowe and
her husband removed to New Brunswick, Me., that
her enthusiasm in the cause of abolition rose to
fever heat with the fresh agitation of the runaway
slave question.  A great many good people favoring 
abolition had considered that whatever might be 
their private views, the South should be left to work
out its own salvation in the matter of the slave-holding
custom, but as soon as the Dred Scott case and
the Fugitive Slave law had made it obligatory for 
people outside the limits of slave-holding states to
return runaways, the great problem assumed a new
aspect.  Mrs. Stowe herself in the fierce controversy
which took place between Northern and Southern 
sympathizers over questions of veracity in the scenes 
described in "Uncle Tom's Cabin," published a
"Key" to the book, which gave chapter and verse
for each challenged incident in the story.  It is said
that she had read an account of the actual escape of
a slave woman with her child across the ice in the
Ohio river in an anti-slavery magazine.  The scene
of Uncle Tom's death, in which the pathos and
dramatic force of the story arrives at a crisis, came
to her mind during the communion service in
church in New Brunswick.  She went home and immediately
wrote out the chapter with such effective
truth as tot capture completely the sympathies of her
children.  The story was offered to the National
Era, an anti-slavery paper of Washington, D. C.,
published by her old friend Dr. Bailey.  It came
out in weekly installments, and was enthusiastically
received from the first, but, of course, it could
have but a limited circulation in that form.  It is
said that Tichnor & Fields declined to publish the
book.  A Mr. Jewett finally undertook to launch it,
and on March 20, 1852, the story appeared in book 
form.  It immediately attained such a tremendous
success as no work of fiction has seen before or since. 
In a few days 10,000 were sold, and within a year
over 300,000 were needed to supply the demand. 
Eight great presses were kept constantly at work. 
Nor was the stupendous popularity of the story at 


HARRIET BEECHER STOWE     179 

all confined to the special interest of the critical
moment.  It is still read in scores of different languages.
The British Museum contains translations
in twenty distinct tongues, and in each of these
there are many different versions, for instance, 
ten in French, nine in German and six in Spanish. 
In the short space of eight months twelve different
shilling editions appeared in England and the total 
number of English editions was forty.  Mr. Low 
of Sampson Low & Co. estimated some years ago
that the number circulated in Great Britain and its
colonies was a million and a half.  For the serial
rights of the story Mrs. Stowe received only $300,
and she was very well satisfied with that.  But
within four months after its publication in book
form, this quiet little woman, the wife of a country
professor, found her royalties yielding $10,000. 
Many other quotations of figures could be made
illustrating the unexampled avidity with which this
story was read by all classes of society in nearly
every part of the world.  A different sort of tribute
to the power of its simple pathos, its charming characterization,
effective grouping and noble sincerity
is shown in the famous people who at once hastened
to array themselves under the banner of Mrs.
Stowe's friendship.  Charles Kingsley, Georg
Sand, Frederica Bremer, George Eliot, Charles 
Dickens, Macaulay and many other people were 
proud to know the author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin." 
The last named wrote to her in 1856 :  "I have just
returned from Italy, where your name seems to
throw that of all other writers in the shade.  There
is no place where Uncle Tom (transformed into Il
Zil Tom) is not to be found.  "When the little
Yankee woman went to Europe in 1853 she was
greeted with one continuous ovation.  Each town 
visited devoted itself to the task of giving her the
handsomest reception in its power, and the best and
least accessible houses of English society were
thrown open to her.  Ever since, one of the noticeable
features of the pretty little Hartford home has
been a bracelet made to simulate the shackles of a 
slave, certain of the links bearing the dates of the
British abolition of the slave trade in the West
Indies.  This was presented to Mrs. Stowe by the
Duchess of Sutherland, and the remaining links
have been successively adorned with the dates which
made the landmarks in American emancipation. 
In a very unique degree the factors of heredity,
of environment and of opportunity, upon which
M. Taine lays so much stress in the determination
of literary achievements, are apparent and emphatic
in the creation of Mrs. Stowe's masterpiece. 
The Puritan blood and home, the clerical family,
the atmosphere of evangelical thought and discussion,
the imminence of the the huge wrong of slavery,
the opportunity of a practically unworked field, and
a race of creatures almost as new to literature as were 
Cooper's Indians,--gave this modest, inexperienced,
retiring woman of forty her equipment.  All these,
however, would have been as naught if she had not
brought a tender and sympathetic heart, a mighty 

faith, and a concentration of interest amounting to
genius to the task of summing up in this tale all 
the oppression of a system thoroughly hateful and
evil to her. 
In one sense Mrs. Stowe was not inexperienced.
She had been writing frequently before the appearance
of "Uncle Tom's Cabin," and for a generation
after it she continued to produce stories with such
regularity as her health would allow.  She was, too, 

MRS. STOWE IN 1870. 

a woman of culture and breadth.  When this is said, 
however, it remains true that her literary work,
whether in the masterpiece or in the much less
significant publications, was not formed at all from
any conscientious or comprehensive study of the
best models, nor was the style of "Uncle Tom's
Cabin" or any of her stories by any means irreproachable.
She read largely, but so chiefly for
the ideas embodied, that little attention was left for
the art of style. 
The best commentary on those not infrequent 
criticisms of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" which question 
its literary art, is found in the words of George
Sand, who said:  "If its judges, possessed with the
love of what they call artistic work, find unskillful
treatment in the book, look well at them to see if 
their eyes are dry when they are reading this or that

180     THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS 

chapter.  I cannot say that Mrs. Stowe has talent as
one understands it in the world of letters, but she
has genius, as the world manifestly feels the need 
of genius;  the genius of goodness, not that of the
world of letters, but of the saint." 
Mrs. Stowe was always the first to deny that the
great triumph of the book came as a result of its
literary art.  Indeed, she went further, and with 
almost mystical literalness insisted that she herself 
was not the author of the story, but that is was imposed
upon her.  In her introduction to the illustrated
edition she says:  "The story might less be
said to have been composed by her than imposed
upon her.  the book insisted upon getting itself
into being and would take no denial."  Mrs. Annie
Fields tells a story which shows how this idea 
maintained its force with Mrs. Stowe even when
almost all other ideas had left the poor tired brain.
"The sense that a great work had been accomplished
through her only made her more humble,
and her shy, absent-minded ways  were continually
throwing her admirers into confusion.  Late in life 
(when her failing powers made it impossible for her
to speak as one living in world which she seemed 
to have left far behind) she was accosted, I was 
told, in the garden of her country retreat, in the
twilight one evening, by a good old retired sea-captain 
who was her neighbor for the time.  'When
I was younger,' said he respectfully, holding his hat 
in his hand while he spoke, 'I read with a great deal 
of satisfaction and instruction "Uncle Tom's Cabin."  
The story impressed me very much, and I am happy
to shake hands with you, Mrs. Stowe, who wrote
it.'  'I did not write it,' answered the white-haired 
old lady gently, as she shook the captain's hand. 
'You didn't?' he ejaculated in amazement.  'Why,
who did, then?'  'God wrote it,' she replied simply. 
'I merely did His dictation.'  'Amen,' said the
captain reverently, as he walked thoughtfully away." 
It was this zeal of the missionary and the prophet
which clearly inspired the work--a spirit which we
have attempted to account for by explaining the
facts of Mrs. Stowe's parentage, surroundings and
training.  This preacher spirit was indeed strong
within her.  Mrs. Fields says that the authoress
found it necessary to spur herself up before the second 
of the readings from her own words, for in the
first she had not been able to hold her audience 
as she wished.  "She called me into her bedroom,
where we stood before the mirror, with her short
gray hair, which usually lay in soft curls around
her brow, brushed erect and standing stiffly. 'Look
here, my dear,' she said:  'I am exactly like my
father, Dr. Lyman Beecher, when he was going to
preach.'  And she held up her finger warningly.  An
hour later when I sat in the ante-room waiting for
the moment of her appearance to arrive, I could
feel the power surging up within her;  I knew she
was armed for a good fight." 
When "Uncle Tom's Cabin" is considered as it 

should be in the first place, as a noble tract,--not
only is the question of its aesthetic value answered,
but also the still more disturbing query concerning
the fairness of its attitude toward the South and
the slave holders.  If one were to judge it as a novel,
aiming above all to reflect truly the typical slave
life of the Southern states and give a universal
picture of plantation scenes, one would be forced
to side at many points with the objections of offended 
Southerners.  And Mrs. Stowe's "Key" would 
have but little final value in any defense of the
realism of the novel.  But taking it in its true significance
and purposes as the splendid sermon of a
zealous preacher, a magnificent appeal to the hearts 
of the world against such monstrous results of
slavery as have undeniably characterized every slave-holding 
community, it would be difficult to call it
unjust.  From Mrs. Stowe's point of view, the
institution of slavery was as weak as its weakest 
point, and the Southerners are one in admitting that
she described neither the best nor the worst of the
slave-holders in the character of Legree. 
Mrs. Stowe produced a great quantity of writing
of a very varied character during her forty years of
literary activity.  There is no single fragment which
intrinsically deserves mention beside her masterpiece. 
Yet, as an observer of the quiet village 
characters, the homely scenes, the meagre social
atmosphere, and the mild humor of such Down East
communities as she was thoroughly familiar with,
she was a very worthy and significant forerunner of
the school of writers of whom to-day Miss Wilkins
is a chief exponent.  "Old Town Folks" is probably
the most pleasant of the books of this class;  "the
Minister's Wooing" has power and such great pathos
which one would expect of the author of "Uncle 
Tom's Cabin."  More nearly along the lines of the
greater story is the effort which followed it in 1866--
"Dred," a tale of the Dismal Swamp.  These three 
volumes are clearly Mrs. Stowe's best works, after 
"Uncle Tom's Cabin."  There are numbers of
children's stories, a volume of religious verse,
another of ethical essays, some very worthy "House
and Home Papers" published in the Atlantic,
biographical essays entitled "Men of Our Time,"
and a small group of novels which were busied with
a well meaning attempt on the bettering of social
mores.  Perhaps a more acute judgment than the
writer's might ascribe a greater comparative degree
of merit to these scattered writings.  Certain 
it is that if they were measured by their success,
greater praise should be due them.  So late as 1870 a 
story from Mrs. Stowe's pen, "Little Pussy Willow," 
began with an edition of 20,000, an almost unheard-of 
figure in the publishing business. 
The three pictures of Mrs. Stowe published here
show her in her most attractive moods at three widely
separated periods of her life.  She was blessed with
a very winning personality, and was a charming 
talker. 



LEADING ARTICLES OF THE MONTH.     331 

of his countrymen's acuteness in selling condemned 
provisions, arms, ammunition, shoddy uniforms,
and blankets to the Cubans at the highest prices. 
America, in fact, does not send fighting-men to
Cuba;  she sends professional ruffians and atrocity-mongers 
to levy blackmail by processes unknown to
any civilized state.  The point arises --and Canovas
might well consider the advisability of making it in
an Identical Note--whether Europe has not a common
interest in protesting against this form of Yankee
barbarism.  One syllable from Europe--one 
word from France and England--and the vast majority
of law-abiding citizens would put a speedy
close to lawless proceedings carried out by speculators
and winked at by demagogues who exploit 
the ignorance of the average voter.  Until the contrary
be proved, the bulk of Americans must be held 
innocent of any complicity in the crimes aforesaid.
But it is high time that they knew what is committed
in their name.  Meanwhile, in Cuba, Spain is
acting scrupulously within her rights;  behind the
Spanish Ministers stand the men of all parties, the
unanimous representatives of a renowned, a heroic,
and unvanquished people." 

JULES SIMON'S COLLEGE LIFE. 
THE late Jules Simon's account of "A French
College Sixty Years Ago," which appears in
the August Forum has an autobiographic interest. 
M. Simon begins with a brief description of his
library--a collection of 25,000 books, to which, he 
says, he can go with eyes closed and find each volume. 
"While surveying my books in a certain 
fashion I review my life, for my library and I developed
together." 
M. Simon then reviews the condition of education
in France just after the Revolution, and pictures
the degeneracy of the colleges and other higher institutions. 
"The universities, as well as the convents, were
destroyed, and the majority of their members, who
were priests, suffered a common fate with others of
their profession.  The colleges were without instructors
and there would have been no pupils--for 
the colleges were closed by order and the faculties 
suppressed by law.  Diplomas were forbidden to be
given, since no one was to be privileged above another. 
The schools were closed or converted into
hospitals or barracks.  The larger number of the
libraries were plundered or given over to the municipalities.
The books, transferred from the university 
or the convent to the town hall, were packed
in bales and lay there in the garret.  I have myself 
seen similar bales--containing perchance rare treasures 
--which had lain undisturbed since the Reign of
Terror." 
On the reopening of the colleges, in the era of the
Restoration, some of the old instructors returned to
their chairs.  M. Simon had among his instructors 


in the college at Vaunes, which he entered in 1827, 
two professors who had taught there in 1793. 
"In the first story of the college, full of mysterious
objects which had been shut up there for
twenty years, was a physical cabinet where no one
ever entered and where everything was covered with
the venerable dust of time.  To utilize all these 
wonders the departmental council desired to procure
the services of a professor.  An annual stipend of
four hundred francs was voted, and M. Jehanno ran
around to all the doctors in the town to propose this
fine plan and to offer them this magnificent salary. 
It was refused by all.  In conclusion, the invitation
was extended to a justice, noted for the compliancy 
of his character and the feebleness of his mind.  He
alleged with hesitation that he knew nothing of
physics, but M. Jehanno replied triumphantly that
he could learn it, and the board of education presented
him with a copy of the 'Elements of Physics,'
written in the preceding century by the Abbe Nollet. 
The fact that this amazing professor never had 
more than five or six auditors in a college where the
other classes numbered from eighty to a hundred
pupils, demonstrates the good sense of the people of
Brittany. 

A NARROW CURRICULUM. 
"Such being the condition of my college at
Vannes when I entered in 1827, it may practically 
be said that my student years fell toward the middle
of the seventeenth century.  The character of this
college admitted of no change;  a century and more
ago the methods and curriculum of study were
identical.  Latin was well taught;  beyond Latin we
learned nothing at all.  Our professors consented, 
indeed, to read us portions from obscure historians 
who were brought to my remembrance at Rome
before the inscription:  'Here Romulus and Remus 
were suckled by the she-wolf.'  Of the study of 
physics and our cabinet I have just given an accurate
description.  Our professor of philosophy, who 
was looked upon as a great man and who afterward 
became a deputy, had in his possession three massive
volumes, the 'Philosophia Lugdunensis'  ('Lyon's 
Philosophy'), the property of his predecessors and 
which he in turn was to transmit to his successors.
In the first volume were treated the various forms
of argumentation:  syllogism, dilemma, etc.  The
second volume treated of metaphysics.  I recall this
definition of 'idea':  'I ask you, Monsieur, what is 
an idea?'  And the pupil replies:  'An idea is the
clear representation of an object really present before 
the mind.'  The third section of 'Lyon's Philosophy' 
treated presumably of theology, but was in
reality a development of the catechism.  Our master 
knew that philosophy had become modified since
the writing of his text books.  He had heard of
Condillac, who applied the theory of the 'idea' by
the illustration of the cover of a pot filled with hot
water;  and of a young man, Cousin by name, who
enjoyed a modicum of fame at Paris, and whose 
misfortune it was to talk much without saying any-

332     THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS     [*Sept 1896*] 

thing.  Following the declaration he would read 
aloud some pages from the 'Philosophical Fragments' 
of which we did not understand a single
word and which provoked us to Homeric bursts of
laughter;  then, inspired with renewed confidence,
we would return to the ancient philosophy of our
fathers." 

HOW SIMON PAID HIS WAY. 
By far the most interesting part of M. Simon's
article is his account of the financial difficulties
under which he labored in pursuing his college
course, and the way in which he met them. 
"At Vannes I passed from triumph to triumph.
I was not allowed to compete for the prizes in philosophy; 
I was given a prize of honor superior to all 
the rest.  But in the midst of these honors my life
was one of difficulties. My family, completely
ruined while I at the age of fourteen years was still
at the high school at Lorient, and unable to defray
the expenses of my education, had resolved to apprentice 
me to a watchmaker.  Notwithstanding,
an effort was made which enabled me to enter at 
Vannes, whither I went on foot, and where I passed
through the third class as a boarder at reduced rates 
in a little seminary maintained by a Lazarite, Father 
Daudet.  At the end of three months, when about
to enter the second class, my father declared he
could do no more, his last resource being exhausted.
But in this excellent school there existed, among
other relics of the past, a custom which saved me. 
The praiseworthy pupils of rhetoric in the second
class gave lessons to their comrades in the fifth and
sixth classes, at a most absurd charge, it is true, but
which none the less helped them to earn their daily
bread.  I told my story to the principal, requesting 
him to find me pupils.  I was not fifteen years old,
but I was the glory of the college.  The principal, 
desirous to see me remain, with the greatest difficulty
procured me six pupils whom I united in a 
small class.  I devoted to them an hour in the morning
and again an hour in the evening, receiving in
payment from each boy the sum of three francs a
month.  The manager of the Shallette accepted me
as a boarder at eighteen francs a month.  The college
passed a resolution exempting me form payment
for lessons;  the board of education presented 
me with two hundred francs.  In this way I was
enabled to finish the two years' course of study. 
"Carrying a small lantern in my hand, I might
be seen every morning at six o'clock passing down
the Rue de Chanoines, dressed in an ordinary calico
jacket, under which I wore a woolen waistcoat.  I
may say that I was adopted by the entire town and
that every one showed me the greatest kindness. 
"I once saw one of my old pupils again.  His
name was Du Pontavice.  He died, as have most of
my pupils, before me.  At the time we met he was
superintendent of schools at Blois, and I was then
minister.  The prefect presented the superintendent
who, in tears, asked me if I had forgotten him.  I
embraced him very heartily;  and in that instant I 

seemed to review my whole life which I thought
then already finished, whereas in fact it had only 
begun." 

TRIBUTES TO MRS. STOWE. 
TWO good articles appear in the magazines on
the late Harriet Beecher Stowe. 

MR. WARNER'S ESTIMATE OF UNCLE TOM'S CABIN. 
In the September Atlantic Monthly Mr. Charles
Dudley Warner tells "The Story of Uncle Tom's
Cabin," and gives his judgment on the much discussed
literary value of the book.  He attributes the
success of Uncle Tom to an undoubted quality of 
genius.  "The clear conception of character (not of 
ear-marks and peculiarities adopted as labels), and 
faithful adhesion to it in all vicissitudes, is one of 
the rarest and highest attributes of genius.  All the
chief characters in the book follow this line of absolutely
consistent development, from Uncle Tom and
Legree down to the most aggravating and contemptible
of all, Marie St. Clare.  The selfish and
hysterical woman has never been so faithfully depicted
by any other author. 
"Distinguished as the novel is by its character-drawing
and its pathos, I doubt if it would have
captivated the world without its humor.  This is of 
the old-fashioned kind, the large humor of Scott,
and again of Cervantes, not verbal pleasantry, not 
the felicities of Lamb, but the humor of character in
action, of situations elaborated with great freedom,
and with what may be called hilarious conception.
This quality is never wanting in the book, either for
the reader's entertainment by the way, or to
heighten the pathos of the narrative by contrast. 
The introduction of Topsy into the New Orleans
household saves us in the dangerous approach to
melodrama in the religious passages between Tom
and St. Clare.  Considering the opportunities of the
subject, the book has very little melodrama;  one is
apt to hear low music on the entrance of little Eva, 
but we are convinced of the wholesome sanity of the
sweet child.  And it is to be remarked that some of
the most exciting episodes, such as that of Eliza
crossing the Ohio River on the floating ice (of which 
Mr. Ruskin did not approve), are based upon authentic
occurrences.  The want of unity in construction
of which the critics complain is partially explained 
by the necessity of exhibiting the effect of slavery
in its entirety.  The parallel plots, one running to
Louisiana and the other to Canada, are tied together
by this consideration, and not by any real necessity
to each other. 
"There is no doubt that Mrs. Stowe was wholly
possessed by her theme, rapt away like a prophet in
a vision, and that, in her feeling at the time, it was 
written through her quite as much as by her.  This
idea grew upon her mind in the retrospective light
of the tremendous stir the story made in the world,
so that in her later years she came to regard herself 


LEADING ARTICLES OF THE MONTH.     333 

as a providential instrument, and frankly to declare
that she did not write the book ; 'God wrote it.'
In her own account, when she reached the death of
Uncle Tom, 'the whole vital force left her.'  The
inspiration there left her, and the end of the story, 
the weaving together of all the loose ends of the
plot, in the joining together almost by miracle the
long separated, and the discovery of the relationships
is the conscious invention of the novelist. 
"It would be perhaps going beyond the province
of the critic to remark upon what the author considered
the central power of the story, and its power
to move the world, the faith of Uncle Tom in the
Bible.  This appeal to the emotion of millions of
readers cannot, however, be overlooked.  Many regard
the book as effective in regions remote from 
our perplexities by reason of this grace.  When the
work was translated into Siamese, the perusal of it
by one of the ladies of the court induced her to liberate
all her slaves, men, women and children, one
hundred and thirty in all.  'Hidden Perfume,' for
that was the English equivalent of her name, said
she was wishful to be good like Harriet Beecher
Stowe." 

The Original of Uncle Tom. 
In the September Century Mr. Richard Burton,
a fellow townsman of Mrs. Stowe, has a short
sketch of the novelist in which he explains the origin
of the character of Uncle Tom.  He says: 
"It has been emphasized of late that in 1849 a
certain colored man was brought a number of times
to the Stowe house at Walnut Hill, Cincinnati, 
where he told his piteous story of escape, capture
and cruel privation, and this man is pointed to as
the prototype of the hero in the great novel.  The
'original' Uncle Tom and the 'original' Topsy
seem to some to be of supreme importance.  Concerning
this Uncle Tom of Walnut Hill, it is sufficient
to say that while no doubt such a man appeared
there, talked with the mistress, and moved
her to pity for his misfortunes, his story is by no
means that of the character immortalized by the 
writer.  The simple truth is that this incident, like
many another, acted as a suggestion to Mrs Stowe,
as she brooded over her work ;  it is a misconception
of her methods of literary labor (and, indeed, of
almost all such labor which proves potent) to imagine
that her Uncle Tom was starkly taken from life. 
In the same way, discussion has arisen concerning
Lewis Clark of Lexington, Ky., a venerable colored
man, describing himself as the original study for
George Harris in the tale.  That Mrs. Stowe did 
make use of one Lewis Clark in limning the character
of Harris may be ascertained by any one who 
reads her 'Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin,' a book written
explicitly to show the sources whence she drew 
the data for her fiction.  The only question is, then,
whether the Clark spoken of in the 'Key' is the
Kentucky Clark, with whom an alleged interview
has recently been published.  It is not only possible, 
but probable, that they are one and the same.  A 


brother of the original Lewis, a well-known character
in Boston, employed in the office of the assistant 
treasurer, affirms stoutly that his kinsman is alive in 
Lexington.  The whole matter is one of the difference 
between Tweedledum and Tweedledee, and
would have no interest were it not that a letter from
one of Mrs. Stowe's daughters, which has been
printed, has been interpreted to deny the existence
of such an imposter as Lewis Clark of Lexington.
In fact, the letter did nothing of the kind ;  it only
declared that a rumor about a certain Lewis Clark,
printed in a periodical in 1891, was untrue, so far as
it had any connection with Mrs. Stowe." 

SOME BICYCLE TOPICS. 
THE Century, too, in its September number, succumbs 
to the fascinations of bicycle discussion. 
Isaac B. Potter, a high official of the L. A. W., 
contributes an article on "The Bicycle Outlook."
He suggests that cycling may revive the old stage-coach 
inns. 
"A few days ago Mr. Edison was quoted in a 
daily newspaper as saying that within the next decade
horseless carriages will be the rule.  It may be, 
therefore, that, with the general improvement in 
road vehicles, and the general improvement of the
public roads, without which no vehicle can become
really efficient, the volume of road travel will be so
increased as to bring to life the old inn of early
days, but not, I think, the primitive and picturesque
type that marked the stopping places of the old 
stage-coach which, in the years following the Revolution,
used to make the distance between Boston and
New York in six days   Nor will the rejuvenated
inn bring back the old-time back-log festivals at
which the Knickerbockers and Quakers so often
came together when the fast coach known as the
'Flying Machine' whirled its passengers between 
New York and Philadelphia in the astonishing space
of two full days   The railway has largely superseded
common road travel, and our swift business 
methods will give the preference to railway travel
until a swifter means shall take its place.  But
though the great majority will travel by rail, it
must be borne in mind that the great and growing
body of cyclists who travel by road is not greatly
less in point of numbers than the entire population 
of the colonies when the old inns were in vogue ; 
and the marked effort on the part of hotel proprietors
to secure the patronage of the wheelmen shows 
how fully the value of this new element is being
appreciated.  About 7,000 official League hotels
have been selected and granted official certificates
by the League of American Wheelmen within the 
last five years.  The proprietor of each of these 
hotels is required to sign a contract in which he undertakes
to supply good food and clean, comfortable
lodgings to all travelers, and to accord a certain per
centage of discount or rebate from regular prices to 



334     THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS. 

all members of the League of American Wheelmen
on presentation of membership tickets for the current
year.  In exchange for this concession, the
League publishes a list of all official hotels in the
road books, tour books, and hotel books issued for 
the use of wheelmen ;  and in this manner the
patronage of the hotels is encouraged ;  the wheelmen
are brought together at common stopping
places, and a direct benefit is secured to the organization." 

BICYCLES AND THE ROADS. 
One of the most valuable parts of Mr. Potter's
discussion are the paragraphs relating to bicycle 
paths and the duty of insisting on good roads.  He
says:  "A cycle-path is a protest against bad roads.
We are not a nation of road-makers, and every year, 
for weeks at a time, our country traffic and travel
are paralyzed by the presence of a simple mixture 
of dirt and water.  Our country roads have cost us
thousands of millions of dollars in labor and money,
very little of which has been spent in a sensible 
way.  Skillful road work is planned in the brain, 
wrought by skill, and finished by rule and reason.
Every cyclist knows how unfit for human travel are
the miserable streaks of rooted soil that run for hundreds
of miles through our most popular counties, 
and all the horses and all the mules know it. 
"The undoubted duty of every road officer to keep
the public highway in a condition fit for the use of
every vehicle having the lawful right to travel is
not well understood.  Cycling has come upon us
apace, and the country road-maker, whose official
tenure is often short-lived and capricious, and
whose ambition is likely to be restrained by a short-sighted 
and parsimonious constituency, may scarcely
be condemned if he fails at times to provide for the
old conditions or to anticipate the new.  The cyclist
and the road commissioner are fast getting more 
closely in touch with each other, and the wheelman's
influence at the state capital is certain, in the
end, to secure the aid and supervision of the state in
the making and maintaining of good country roads. 
Pending the time when this shall be accomplished, I
believe that the making of cycling-paths along lines
of popular road travel should be encouraged.  In
the state of New York the legislature has made special
provision for the construction of cycle-paths in
several of the interior counties ; and the local subdivisions
of the League of American Wheelmen will 
doubtless combine to push the work of cycle-path 
building, so as to lighten and brighten the journey 
of the cycling tourist between points where the 
common roads are in bad condition.  We may look
for a time in the near future when a cycling route
from the Atlantic to the Pacific will be made and
mapped, and when good roads and good cycle-paths
will be so connected in a continuous chain between 
the two great oceans that a cross-continent journey 
awheel will be the popular ten weeks' tour of every
cyclist whose time and purse will permit. 
"As commonly made, cycle-paths are not expensive, 

and, the cost being generally contributed by
the wheelmen themselves, no tax for this purpose is
placed upon the public at large.  Whether this
should be so is a question that will stand some discussion ; 
but thus far the cyclists have sought only
to impose a small assessment upon actual users of 
the wheel when money has been needed to construct 
cycle-paths.  Two years ago Mr. Charles T. 
Raymond of Lockport, N. Y., one of the pioneers in
cycle-path construction, declared that 'what is used 
by all, and needed by all, should be paid for by all,'
and this rule has commanded approval among
wheelmen who have taken up the work of cycle-path 
making.  Under favoring conditions, cycle-paths
cost from seventy-five to one hundred and
fifty dollars per mile.  The surface width of the
path should not be less than four feet, and need not
be more than seven feet, except in rare cases.  The
paths are generally laid out on the grass-grown roadside,
parallel with the wagonway.  The grass is first
cut close to the ground, after which the material
(soft coal, cinders, or screened gravel) is put on in a
thin layer, and so shaped and packed as to slope
downward from the centre to each side.  The grade in
most cases follows closely the original surface of the
ground.  Material may generally be had at lower 
cost, and hauled at less expense, during the winter 
months ; and this is an important point to bear in
mind, since the item of haulage alone is likely to constitute
more than half the expense of construction." 

CLUB LIFE VERSUS HOME LIFE. 
VARIOUS objections to the club as a disturbing
factor in our social organization are urged by
G. S. Crawford in the August Arena.  The pith of
these objections is contained in the following paragraphs 
which we quote from Mr. Crawford's article: 
"One of the chief objections to the club is the
separation of the sexes which it brings about.  It
must, however, be admitted that normally constituted 
women would be quite as much bored as men
by constant intercourse with the opposite sex;  the
renewal of contact being one of the principal sources 
of the charm and refreshment which men and women
get from each other's society.  On the other hand,
a mother who has the welfare of her family at heart
naturally wishes for her sons and daughters the advantages
of agreeable and improving associates.  She
can secure at her fireside the presence of superior
women.  It is, however, more fitting that the head 
of the house should introduce its male visitors;  but
if, instead of bringing his companions to his home, 
he seeks their society at the club, the family circle
loses the beneficial effects of contact with men whose
opportunities for knowing life it may be presumed 
are both varied and instructive.  Without this class
of influence the home cannot be a true school of
manners or accomplishments." 



[*Harriet Beecher Stowe*]

MRS. H. B. STOWE ON THE PRESIDENT'S
MESSAGE.

We think no State paper so remarkable has ever
appeared from a Chief Executive in this country—
perhaps in any other country.

The cool, decisive manner with which the President,
all through a certain portion, identifies himself
with the Southern States, and speaks with perfect
naivete from their point of view, is the first striking
feature.

The coolness with which he turns round upon the
Northern States, and charges upon them the whole
guilt and responsibility of the extravaganzas now
going on in the South, is another feature.

The coolness with which, from first to last, he
ignores the existence of any moral and religious
sense as forming any component element in regulating
national movements, is another and very striking 
one. "The fool hath said in his heart, there is
no God," said David in his time. David had not
seen the bottom of atheism. The fool he speaks of
had, it seems, raised the question. It had occurred
to him as a possibility. It was left for the nineteenth
century to show a specimen of a State paper, proposing
to a Christian nation to become, more formally
than ever they had been before, robbers, kidnappers
and pirates—without betraying through a 
line that a God had ever been heard of in America
—unless it be in certain customary rhetorical phrases
at the close.

The South is all in an uproar, he tells us—they
cannot sleep nights for fear of servile insurrection,
and, of course, somebody is to blame for this, and
something must be done. Who is to blame?

There are four million men and women—some of
them black, and some of them white—whom the
Southern law, systematically, and with logical accuracy
not to be misunderstood, has stripped even of
the name of human beings, and declared not persons
but things; they cannot sue or be sued—they
cannot buy or sell—they cannot own a foot of land
—they cannot form a legal marriage—they cannot
own or educate their own children—their family
loves are all accidents or bargain and sale—they
cannot learn to read or write—they cannot raise a
hand against the will of any white person who may
choose to insult or dishonor themselves, or wives, or
children, on pain of death; and yet, among this
mass of struggling, repressed human life, are multitudes
of men—more vigorous, physically, than their
masters—with all the energy given by the constant
habit of work—with all the fire and pride which
comes of being born of white fathers; and thus
repressed, the South herself is constantly tampering
with and stimulating them to insurrection.

What are these madmen now doing, as they sit on 
their powder magazine, and fire hot shot to right
and left?

In the theatres of South Carolina, they are singing
in the ears of an impressible, nervous people,
who are quick to catch both tune and words, that
furious Marseillaise which seems to breathe the very
roar of a wild and angry mob of barbarians. They
forget who listens while they sing:—

"Oh! Liberty, can man resign thee,
Once having felt thy generous flame?
Can dungeon bolts or bars confine thee,
Or whips thy noble spirit tame?"

Is it credible that these words can be allowed to
go ringing and echoing in the ears of plantation
slaves? and then is the North coolly to be told in
State papers that the South cannot sleep for fear of
servile insurrections, and that it is her agitation on
liberty that is the reason?


It is not the fault of the South—no. It is not the
laws which forbid marriage which agitate—it is not
the rending of families which agitates—it is not exposing
four million human beings without legal protection
to any insult which four million others may
devise that agitates—it is not forbidding education
and improvement which agitates—it is not the having
a class of white sons and daughters in their
houses, whose talents and beauty are marketable,
and who with all the pride of their masters, are exposed
to all the insults of the slave—it is not this 
that agitates!

It is not that with all this outraged, struggling,
abused mass around, they go round roaring the
Marseillaise in the ears, and advertise them in
public speeches and private conversation that Lincoln's
election is likely to break their chains, (we
wish it were.) It is not the murderous, brutal barbarism
which tars and feathers, burns alive, hangs
up without judge or jury, and afterward tries, which
causes excitement. No; none of these tend to servile
insurrection—not a bit of it—it's the North; the
wicked, truculent, horrid North, who are constantly
declaring things they have no business to in sermons,
magazines, poems, and speeches.

The North keeps expressing an opinion on such
delicate points as adultery, robbery, piracy, kidnapping.
They are not convinced yet, and don't seem 
likely to be, that these are reputable courses. The
North will hold that a man is a man—that all men
were created free and equal, and have equal rights
to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

The North holds that it is wicked to forbid marriage
to a whole community; that men out to
have rights to their wives; that it is a shame to sell
children from their parents' arms; that it is a greater
shame for a man to sell his own sons and daughters.
They have these opinions in common with all civilized
nations, and mean to act upon them—and the
President thinks it is defending of such idea as
these has made all the difficulty.

The remedy he proposes is quite as remarkable.
He says, "After all, the Constitution gives only such
an ambiguous foothold to this state of things, that it
is impossible to convince the majority of the North
that it supports them all. The way to do is to alter
the Constitution of the United States so as fully,
freely, and clearly to admit and legalize slavery, and 
agitation will cease.

Agitation cease! It reminds us of an anecdote
of an old black slave-woman calling herself "Sojourner
Truth," who sat in the front ranks once in
an Abolition meeting, when Frederick Douglass,
fired with the wrongs of his race, and the despairs
of the white race, declared that there was neither
hope nor help for the slave but in their own right
arms. In the pause that followed this appeal, Sojourner
lifted her dark face, working with intense
feeling, and said, in a low, deep voice, which was
heard in every corner of the room:—

"Frederick, is God dead?"

Let that old black slave-woman's question ring
through this nation, as then it rang through Faneuil
Hall. To all who hope or dream to put down agitation
by a covenant with dead, and an agreement
with hell, old Africa rises, and raising her poor,
maimed, scarred hand to heaven, asks us—" Is God
Dead? —New York Independent.

[*Smith College 
February  1952*] 

[*H B Stowe*] 

Among letters from her friends are a number from Gail Hamilton
(Mary A. Dodge), vigorous in denunciation of publishers' treatment of
writers.  Thirteen letters from Harriet Beecher Stowe to her friend of
schooldays and her husband, "Jim" Parton, carries on this quarrel of author
and publisher in connection with a volume of sketches of distinguished 
women to which Mrs. Stowe and Fanny Fern are contributing.
The letters from Harriet Beecher Stowe give the spirited background of
her defence of Lady Byron.  She recommends the new book by John
Stuart Mill which finally converted her to woman's rights, and refers to
Gail Hamilton's Woman's Wrongs as "the brightest, cleanest, healthiest,
noblest kind of book."  A letter from Grace Greenwood sends a photograph
of her daughter who read a Fanny Fern novel at the age of eight. 



from various parts of the country, as well as by members of the Smith
College faculty and our graduate and undergraduate students. 
This report presents selections from the year's additions to the Sophia
Smith Collection under a number of classifications, because the character 
of the collection depends upon its scope and variety. 

THE FANNY FERN COLLECTION  

An extensive collection of family and personal papers, photographs
and correspondence of Sara Willis Parton, author and journalist who
wrote under the pen name of Fanny Fern, has been presented by her great
grandson, James Parton, and is set up as a separate collection within the
Sophia Smith Collection.  Daughter of 

ECHOES FROM THE CIVIL WAR 
Section 
IV
BOSTON SUNDAY HERALD
AMUSEMENTS--HOPPER
AUTOMOBILE NOTES
NEWS FEATURES 
SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1959 

"Uncle Tom's" Impact on U.S. Stunned the Author 
By ROGER GRIFFITH 
Harriet Beecher Stowe's determined jaw fell
in amazement and chagrin. 
The 41-year-old housewife received reports 
from Boston at her home in Brunswick, Me., and 
they were all the same.  Her anti-slavery book
was a best-seller. 
Excited Americans across the nation--and
even some in the South--were buying it. 
The wide-eyed Boston Traveler
reported that at John P. Jewett's 
publishing house, three power 
presses were running 24 hours 

a day, "Sundays only excepted"
and "the publisher is still thousands
of copies behind orders." 

"Uncle Tom's Cabin," or "Life
Among the Lowly" showed no indications
of such popularity at
first.  Mrs. Stowe sold it for $300 
in 1851 to the anti-slavery publication,
"National Era."  It was serialized, 
with little reaction. 

Slow Start
The Boston publisher who
agreed to print it showed little
enthusiasm either.  He ran off only
3,000 copies of the first edition. 

Every one of them was sold
the first day, and the rush for 

the book was on. Three-hundred 
thousand copies were sold the
first year, and sales over the
years piled up to more than
six million.  the book was translated
into 37 languages, with
copies of "La Cabana del Tio 
Tom" and "Onkle Tom's Hutte"
appearing on the bookshelves of
the world.  The book was dramatized, 
and Little Eliza began a  
run across the ice that was to
last for 75 years. 

Little Harriet, a skinny five-footer, 
had found the key to literary
success, agreed the Monday
morning quarterbacks in the
literary game of the day.  Until 
her book, slavery had been argued
on an intellectual plane.  Much of 
the debate was in the abstract.
Mrs. Stowe put slavery in terms 
of the bite of a whip on old Uncle 
Tom's bare, black and bloody 
back. 

Characters Live 
She created characters who live
today--Uncle Tom, Simon Legree 
tugging at his mustache, Topsy,
who "just growed.'  Slavery came
alive to millions in the north. The 
nation's intellectuals had been
ready to war against slavery. Now 
the people's indignation had been 
fired. 

All this surprised and dismayed
the quiet little mother in Maine. 
She was not an extreme abolitionist. 
She was certain the "right
people" in the South would join
Northerners in ridding the nation
of slavery.  Her aim was moderation. 

And her book, she was sure,
carried this aim.  Wasn't the
brutal Legree a Vermonter by
birth?  Weren't two of Uncle
Tom's three masters kindly
men?  Didn't one of those slave-owners 
finally free his slaves? 

Why then this storm from the
South, this salute from the Abolitionists? 
Why was she lumped
with the agitators of the day? 

Lincoln's View
When President Lincoln met
Mrs. Stowe at the White House,
he smiled down on her and said, 
"So this is the little woman who
wrote the book that made this big
war."  Such a development as
war was furthest from her mind. 

She cold look back on her own
writing career as proof she didn't 
deserve being called the writer of
the greatest book of propaganda. 

It was a career that started 
young.  She was but nine and attending
feh sister's school.  This
first writing was on "The Difference
Between the Natural and the
Sublime." 

The writing, however, did
show more promise than the
first recorded bit by her brother
Henry, who was to become the
Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, noted
preacher.  Henry's first ef- 


HARRIET BEECHER STOWE 
'Never very much to look at' 

was read.  Her minister-father applauded
the work, and asked who
had written it.  Little Harriet
called this the proudest moment
of her life. 

A cynic has offered another 
explanation for the Rev. Beecher's 
enthusiasm, suggesting he
had helped with the homework
and was only lauding his own
efforts. 

As a young woman she and her
many brothers and sisters moved
to Cincinnati, when her father
became president of the new Lane
Theological Seminary there.  Here
she began writing in earnest, even
after her marriage to a Lane professor,
widower Calvin Ellis
Stowe, and the birth of three of
their children (including twins) in
the first two years of their
married life.  A book was published,
she won a magazine contest, 
and sold other magazine articles. 

Average Housewife
None of this writing was inflammatory, 
none indicated what
was to come. 

Even her personal letters were
typical of the overworked housewife
and boarding-house manager 
that she was. Husband Calvin was
visiting in New England when she
wrote him: 

"You might write oftener but
but if you enjoy your absence
from home I will not
press the matter.  The baby has
been sick, apparently unto 
death." 

During her 18 years in Cincinnati 
Mrs. Stowe learned first-hand
about slavery, Slave-owners lived
just across the Ohio River, in 
Kentucky.  She visited estates
where slaves were owned, knew
the slave-owners.  Slaves fleeing
from bondage became her friends. 
She talked little about this, remembered
all she saw and heard. 

from the rum swept up from 
the cellar, and church literature
was scattered, as if by the
devil, as exploding casks flung
it across Hanover street. 

For several years after her
best-seller was published.  Prof.
and Mrs. Stowe lived in Andover,
where her husband taught at the
theological seminary. 
Her visits to Boston were frequent. 
In 1863 Mrs. Stowe was
in the Boston Music Hall attending
a concert.  News of the Emancipation
Proclamation reached the
hall.  Her presence was announced 
from the stage, and she stood
modestly, her bonnet askew, while
the audience applauded her. 
She was to return once more 
to Massachusetts.  After her death
and funeral in Hartford, her body 
was taken to the Andover Chapel
cemetery.  Four bearers carried 
their light load to the place allotted
to her beside the grave of
her husband. 
A single wreath lay on the casket. 
Negroes of Boston had sent
it. 
Attached to the wreath was a
card:  "The Children of Uncle
Tom."

Why then this storm from the
South, this salute from the Abolitionists? 
Why was she lumped
with the agitators of the day? 

Lincoln's View 
When President Lincoln met
Mrs. Stowe at the White House,
he smiled down on her and said,
"So this is the little woman who
wrote the book that made this big
war."  Such a development as
war was furthest from her mind. 

She cold look back on her own 
writing career as proof she didn't 
deserve being called the writer of
the greatest book of propaganda. 

It was a career that started
young.  She was but nine and attending
feh sister's school.  This
first writing was on "The Difference
Between the Natural and the 
Sublime." 

The writing, however, did
show more promise than the
first recorded bit by her brother
Henry, who was to become the
Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, noted
preacher.  Henry's first effort
was a letter to a sister: 
"We ar al wel, Ma haz a baby.
The old sow has six pigs." 

Heavy Subject
At the age of 13 Harriet wrote
on the question:  "Can the immortality
of the soul be proved
by the light of nature?" 
Her answer, a decidedly condensed
version of the original,
was:  No. 
At a school program her paper 

married life.  A book was published, 
she won a magazine contest, 
and sold other magazine articles. 

Average Housewife
None of this writing was inflammatory,
none indicated what
was to come. 

Even her personal letters were
typical of the overworked housewife
and boarding-house manager
that she was.  Husband Calvin was
visiting in New England when she
wrote him: 

"You might write oftener but
but if you enjoy your absence
from home I will not 
press the matter.  The baby has
been sick, apparently unto
death."  

During her 18 years in Cincinnati
Mrs. Stowe learned first-hand
about slavery, Slave-owners lived
just across the Ohio River, in 
Kentucky.  She visited estates 
where slaves were owned, knew 
the slave-owners.  Slaves fleeing
from bondage became her friends.
She talked little about this, remembered
all she saw and heard. 

The material simmered slowly
in her mind for long years.  Then
her husband was named professor
of natural and revealed religion at
Bowdoin College.  Her brother 
Henry Ward Beecher urged her
to write about slavery. And it
was there that she (and God, she
maintained) began "Uncle Tom's 
Cabin." 

Prolific Writer 
Once writing, Mrs. Stowe didn't
stop.  She turned out nearly a
book a year, for 30 years.  Several
more were about slavery, many
others were written with a New
England background.  She wrote 
religious poems, even joined her
sister in a volume titled "The
New Housekeeper's Manual." 

Critics liked several of her
later books better than her most
famed one, but none ever 
reached into the hearts of so
many thousands of readers as 
did "Uncle Tom's Cabin." 

Her profits from the book were
great, but should have been greater. 
She received a 10 per cent
commission on every book sold
in this country.  But she was paid
nothing, for the plays based on
the book. 
In England, where the book was
a best seller too, a pirated edition
was sold and she received 
nothing in royalties. 
At the height of Mrs. Stowe's 
popularity a reader asked her
what she was like, and the terse
description sums up what she saw
in the mirror: 
"I am a little bit of a woman--
somewhat more than 40, about
as thin and dry as a pinch of
snuff;  never very much to look
at in my best days and looking
like a used-up article now." 
Mrs. Stowe's connections with
Boston and Massachusetts were
many, although she was born in
Connecticut, and there, at the age 
of 85 and in a childlike state for
nearly 10 years, she died. 

Lived in Boston 
As a 15-year-old girl she lived
briefly in Boston while her father
preached here.  Whether it was the
city or her age is not known, but
at that time she wrote her older
sister that:  "I could wish to die
young and let the remembrance 
of me and my faults perish in
the grave  .  .  ." 

Her sister hustled little Harriet
out of Boston and to her home
in Hartford. 
Her father remained, heading
the Hanover Street Church and
living in a parsonage at 18 
Sheaf St., near Copp's Hill.  Her
brother Edward at this time 
was pastor of the Park Street
Church. 
The father quickly won fame. 
In 1830 at his church he delivered
a series of six sermons on temperance. 
He ignored the fact that 
the cellar of the church had been
rented, and in it were stored
cases and cases of liquor. 
But the public soon knew this.
Fire broke out in the church.
Firemen were surprised, then
overjoyed as the blu   flames 



A     THE BOSTON SUNDAY HERALD, NOV. 29, 1959     Section IV 

Rent a Lovely
Mink
Stole
Jacket 

Miss Hartmere, Ens. O'Connell Wed Yesterday 
Charleston, S. C., will be the
future home of Ens. Robert Joseph
O'Connell, USNR, and Mrs.
O'Connell who were married yesterday
morning at St. Mary's
Church, in Dedham.  She is 

book covered with orchids and
stephanotis. 
Sister of the bride, Miss Mary
Langford Hartmere of Dedham 
was the maid of honor.  Miss
Aileen Murphy of Norwood, Miss 
da Armstrong of Dedham, and
e the bridesmaids.  They all 
e gowns of jadette green taf- 
, styled with circlet necklines,
ncess-style bodices, and wide
cular skirts.  They also wore
tching headpieces trimmed 
ls, and they carried bouquets 
autumn-colored pompons. 

on of Mr. and Mrs. Simon
Connell of Brockton, the bride- 
om had Mr. Dennis O'Leary
Brockton as best man.  Usher-
were Mr. Jon Samuel Hart-
re, Mr. Michael Hartmere, 
h of Dedham, both brothers of 

the bride, Mrs. Edward Burke, and
Mr. Peter Giannaros, both of
Brockton. 
The bride was graduated from
Cambridge City Hospital, School
of Nursing.  The bridegroom is a 
graduate of Thayer Academy and
the Massachusetts Maritime Academy.
For their wedding trip, the
couple are touring the south. 

New Citizens
To Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Wallace
Baldwin 2d, (Jean Ford) of
West Stockbridge, a fifth child, 
first son, Arthur Wallace Baldwin
3d, Oct. 30.  Grandparents
are Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Wallace
Baldwin of West Stockbridge
and Mr. and Mrs. Henry Ford of
Stockbridge 

EXTRAORDINAIRE! 
G  EYES 
ty 

Church Fair to Be Held In Hingham Saturday 
The Winter Wonderland Fair of 
the Church of St. John the Evangelist 
in Hingham will be held
next Saturday from 10 until 5 
o'clock.  Proceeds benefit the
Episcopal City Mission which 
does social work in slum areas. 
Coffee and doughnuts will be 
served at 10 a.m.;  hot chowder
and sandwiches from noon until 
2 o'clock.  Fortunes will be told
at tea in the library during the
afternoon, and a southern ham
dinner will climax the day's festivities
from 5:30 until 7:30 p.m. 
Children's features will include 
pony rides, grabs, movies, games,
and their own snack bar and special
Christmas gift table.  Imported
Danish Christmas decorations 

will also be on sale.  They'll include
straw angels, carved wooden
articles, hand decorated bobeches,
Della Robia wreathes,
large decorated candles, spool
dolls for Christmas trees and corsages. 
Christmas poinsettias, pot luck
plants, narcissus bulbs and green
cuttings will be available at the
plant table, and gifts ranging
from puzzles to antiques will be 
sold at the white elephant table. 
Throughout the day, background
Christmas music will be played. 
John Allyn will be the barker. 
Mrs. Theodore Hanna is chairman
and Mr. and Mrs. Charles Worrick
are treasurers. 

Women's 
Publicity Chairman:  Notices
must be in outline form to insure
publication in club columns.
For a press sheet giving full information,
send to Women's
Clubs, Boston Sunday Herald,
Boston 12, Mass. 

AMERICAN Association of University
Women -- Friday, 7:15 
p.m., at Radcliffe Graduate Center, 
speaker, Dr. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. 

BAY State Wac-Veterans Assn. 
-- Friday, 8 p.m., Room 207 State 
House, monthly meeting. 

BETHANY Women's Union --
Wednesday, 12:30 p.m., at Parish
House, Emerson College choral
reading group, Christmas party. 

BOSTON Hadassah Business
and Profession Group -- Today
at 11 a.m., at Hotel Somerset,
speaker, Mrs. Charles Wyzanski,
Jr. 

CANTON Mothers Club--Monday,
8 p.m., at Unitarian Parish
Hall, speakers, Lt. Col. and Mrs
Philip Sherwood. 

COMMUNITY Club of Canton--
Tuesday, 2 p.m., at Unitarian
Parish Hall, "Mr. and Mrs. presenting
A Child is Born." 

D.A.R., Old Boston Chapter --
Thursday, 6:30 p.m., at YWCA, 
140 Clarendon St., Christmas party
of Hillside School. 

DORCHESTER Catholic Guild
-- Saturday, 1 p.m., at Hotel Bradford, 
charity card party. 

DOROTHY Brewer D.A.R. --
Wednesday 8 p.m., at home of
Mrs. Alexander Stewart, 344 
Beaver St., Waltham, speaker
Sen. William Hayes, "National
Defense." 

FORTHIAN Club -- Saturday, 
2 p.m., at Unitarian Hall, 130
Highland Ave., Somerville, Christmas
Fair, 6 p.m., dinner. 

FRAMINGHAM Women's Club
-- Tuesday, 1 p.m., at Framingham
Recreational Center, Christmas
music, sale of wreaths. 


Sleex 

Sleex

COMMUNITY Club of Canton - Tuesday, 2 p.m. at Unitarian Parish Hall, "Mr. and Mrs. presenting A Child is Born."
D.A.R., Old Boston Chapter - Thursday, 6:30 p.m. at YWCA, 140 Clarendom St., Christmas party of Hillside School
DORCHESTER Catholic Guild - Saturday 1 p.m. at Hotel Bradford, charity card party.
DOROTHY Brewer D. A. R.  - Wednesday 8 p.m. at home of Mrs. Alexander Stewart, 344 Beaver St., Waltham, speaker, Sen. William Hayes, "National Defense."
FORTHIAN Club - Saturday, 2 p.m. at Unitarian Hall, 130 Highland Ave., Somerville Christmas Fair, 6 p.m., dinner.
FRAMINGHAM Women's Club - Tuesday, 1 p.m., at Framingham Recreational Center, Christmas music, sale of wreaths.
GUILD of The Holy Name - Thursday, 8 p.m. at Holy Name School, West Roxbury, card party.
GUILD of Our Lady of Fatima - Saturday, 7:30 p.m. at St. James Church, Boston, Christmas party.
HARVARD Woman's Club of Boston - Thursday, 1 p.m. at Hotel Vendome, speaker, Mrs. Andrew D. Maclachlan.

THE BOSTON DAILY GLOBE-FRIDAY, APRIL 16, 1948 TWENTY FIVE
The American Past A History of the United States From Concord to Hiroshima, 1775 to 1945 By Roger Butterfield
XVII-"The California Compromise"-"The Underground Railroad"
The greatest Senate debate
since 1830 was precipitated by
California's request to enter the 
Union as a free-soil state. To 
the South this seemed to be
the most dangerous attack on
slavery since the Missouri
Compromise. The Northern
Free Soilers, both Democrats
and Conscience Whigs, were
again demanding that the Wil-
mot Proviso be passed. If this
were done, said the Southern-
ers, their states would band to-
together and resist its enforce-
ment "to any extremity."
On the morning of Feb. 5, 
1850, the 72-year-old Clay 
walked up the Capitol steps to
offer his last compromise. "Will
you end me your arm?" he
asked a friend. "I feel myself
quite weak and exhausted this
morning." But when he be-
gan to speak his old-time fire
and charm were strong as ever.
Let California enter as a free
state, he argued, since her peo-
ple had already made this
choice. Let two more future
states, New Mexico and Utah,
be formed into territories with-
out any restrictions as to slav-
ery. Let the slave trade (but
not slaveholding) be abolished
in the District of Columbia, as
the Abolitionists had long de-
manded. And, finally, let the

out any restrictions as to slavery.
Let the slave trade (but
not slaveholding) be abolished
in the District of Columbia, as
the Abolitionists had long demanded.
And, finally, let the
[* THIS SCENE, painted by Peter Frederick Rothermel, shows the Senate battle. All the old giants are still there. Henry Clay, the Old Pacificator, has the floor. Two rows behind him sits Daniel Webster, with his head resting on his left hand. Calhoun is standing (third from right), his iron-grey hair falling down about his ears. Tom Benton appears with his nose realistically portrayed (seated, second from the right) *]
[* (Underwood and Underwood News)
John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
wrote one last speech to oppose
Clay's California Compromise and
on March 4, 1850, sat in an arm-
chair on the Senate floor while
Mason of Virginia read it. Four
weeks after his last speech Calhoun
died of lung disease in a Washing-
ton lodginghouse. *]
North agree to enforce a drastic
new fugitive slave act, to
return all runaway slaves to
their owners.
This was the Compromise of
1850: A middle-of-the-road solution
which would at least
hold the Union together for a
while. Calhoun attacked it bitterly;
Webster supported it in
a sensational speech which
was widely denounced in the
North. By September it had
all been passed, and the newspapers
were headlining their
Washington reports: "Most
Glorious News"-"The Country
Saved"-"The Closing of
the Drama"
The Underground Railroad
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
rubbed the unsavory aspects of
slavery into Northern nostrils in a 
very vigorous way. An alleged
runaway could be seized and
shackled wherever found, could
not have a trial by jury, could
not testify or summon witnesses
for himself, and could be shipped
South to his master no matter
how long he had been free. James
Hamlet, a peaceable resident of
New York City, was the first to
feel the law's effect. He was taken
at his work by a federal officer
and sent to Baltimore in irons.
In 1850 there were at least
20,000 Negroes in the North who
had escaped through an abolitionist
network known as the "Underground
Railroad." These people
now started a wild stampede for
Canada, and many Northerners
did all they could to help them,
and to block the enforcement of
the law. "This filthy enactment,"
wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson,
"was made in the nineteenth century,
by people who could read
and write. I will not obey it, by
God!"
In June, 1851, the National
Era of Washington, D. C., began
 publishing a 36-part serial story
called "Uncle Tom's Cabin; or,
Life Among the Lowly," by Mrs.
Harriet Beecher Stowe. No American
novel had ever such far-
reaching political effects. "It penetrated
the walls of Congress,"
wrote a contemporary, "and
made the politicians tremble. It
startled statesmen, who scented
danger near."
Senator William H. Seward of
New York urged his Southern colleagues
to read it and learn the
error of their ways. But Southern
critics thought the book was a
"criminal prostitution of the high
functions of the imagination." Its
authoress, they said, "must be
either very bad or a fanatical
person."
Yet as propaganda "Uncle
Tom's Cabin" was not all one-
sided. Early scenes in the story
depicted Colonel Shelby and
Augustine St. Clare as kind-
hearted Southern gentlemen who
took good care of their slaves.
But it was Simon Legree, with his
whips and bloodhounds, who
made the most lasting impression.
When he stalked, black-mustached
and villainous, across a
thousand theater stages of the
North, he became the very personification
of the Fugitive Slave
Act and all its hated results.
The martyrdom of gentle Uncle
Tom, and the sad death of little Eva,
and Eliza's dash for life across
the ice, with baying bloodhounds
close behind her, became fixed
in millions of Northern minds as
true pictures of life in the slave-
holding South.
(Copyright, 1947, by Roger Butterfield.)
[* HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
strongly influenced American history. *]



Twenty-Six  Woman's Page  THE BOSTON DAILY GLOBE — FRIDAY, APRIL 16, 1948
Danish Coffee Cake
Two cups bread flour 3½ teaspoons
baking powder, ½ teaspoon 
salt, 1/4 cup milk, 1-3 cup shortening, 
1/4 cup sugar, 2 eggs, (unbeaten),
1/4 cup raisins.
For the top—1 tablespoon sugar, 
1/4 cup almonds chopped fine, 1
egg white or milk and a little 
citron.
Sift flour, salt and baking powder
together. Work in shortening.
FOR A BETTER CUP OF TEA, TRY
TETLEY
TEA
You'll Enjoy Its Richer Flavor!
More Friendly Stimulation!

Sundial Shoes
Here's The Shoe That
MOTHERS Would Build
If Mother were a shoemaker, she'd
carefully fashion a shoe for her grow

for Your Money

Mix sugar with eggs and combine
the two mixtures, Add milk
and raisins and mix thoroughly.
Roll to fit a layer-cake pan. Brush
top with egg white, slightly beaten,
or with milk. Shave bits of citron 
over top, sprinkle with almonds
and sugar mixed together
and bake in a hot over (400 degrees)
for 20  59 30 minutes. This 
is very good for a morning breakfast.
Agnes A.

GLOBE FAMILY RECIPES
Fish is One of the Many
Good Substitutes for Meat
Meat prices have risen more
than prices of many other foods.
That is why homemakers are
using substitutes for meats in their 
daily menus.
Fish is one of the many substitutes
and Wednesday and Friday
are good days on which to serve
it. You get as much protein from 
a pound of fish steak and it is 
good quality, as you do from a 
pound of a leg of lamb roast.
When preparing fish chowder
many cooks use the fish head to 
make stock, which gives the chowder
additional fish flavor. There
is little waste in fish steaks and 
they are inexpensive.
With a baked, broiled or fired
fish serve vegetables with color, 
such as Harvard beets, carrots
and peas, baked stuffed potatoes
sprinkled liberally with paprika
and a cabbage salad. For dessert

serve raisin rice custard pudding
with coffee.
Golden Baked Fish Steaks
One pound fish steaks, salt, pepper,
papkrika, 1/2 cup milk, 1 cup 
bread crumbs. Wipe fish steaks, 
remove bones and cut into pieces
of size to serve. Add seasonings 
to milk. Dip fish in milk, then
crumbs. Bake in a greased shallow 
baking dish in a moderate
oven, 350 to 375 degrees, about
25 minutes. Serves four people.
Serve with lemon wedges.
----
Savory Salmon Casserole
Dear Trouper--From a one lb. can of pink salmon, I made 10 cutlets, using your recipe. It is a God-send. Thank you very much. Here is a different type for you:
In 2 tablespoons of shortening, pan-fry 1 c. chopped celery, 1/4 c. green pepper, 1/4 c. onion, 1 c. sliced canned mushrooms until tender. Add 1/4 cup of shortening and stir in 1-3 cup flour. Add 2-1/2 cups of milk gradually, stirring until thick. Add 3/4 teaspoon of salt, 1/4 teaspoon curry powder, dash of pepper, 1 lb. salmon (canned), 1-1/4 cups canned whole-kernel corn. 

Top with spokes of finger-shaped biscuits or pinwheels. Bake at 425 degrees for 30 minutes.
Espema.

DAILY MENU
Breakfast
Orange Juice
Ready-t-eat Cereal, Top Milk
Dropped Eggs on Toast
Doughnuts, Coffee
--
Luncheon
Clam Chowder
Crackers, Pickles
Salad Bowl
Preserved Pears
Peanut Butter Cookies, Tea
--
Dinner
Cream of Onion Soup
Haddock Fillets
Delmonico Potatoes
Carrots and Onions
Sunshine Salad, Mayonnaise
Baked Indian Pudding
Coffee
--
PEANUT BUTTER COOKIES
One cup peanut butter, 2 cups brown sugar, 2 eggs, beaten; 2 tablespoons baking powder, 2 2-3 cups pastry flour, 1/4 teaspoon salt. Cream peanut butter and sugar; add eggs and then the sifted, dry ingredients. Drop from spoon onto greased baking sheet. Bake in hot oven 450 degrees for about 10 minutes.
--
SUNSHINE SALAD
One package lemon gelatin, 1 cup boiling water, 1 cup grated ray carrots. Dissolve gelatin in boiling water; add cold water. Chill until it begins to thicken. Then add grated carrots and a little salt. Chill in mold until firm. Serve on lettuce with mayonnaise.

OVEN-FRIED HADDOCK FILLETS

Almond Sponge Cake
In a large bowl beat 3 egg yolks with 1/2 cup boiling water until it nearly fills bowl. Add 1 teaspoon lemon and 1 teaspoon almond extract. Sift 1-1/2 cups sugar 3 times, add to mixture, beating in well with egg beater. Sift 1-1/2 cups cake flour with a pinch of salt and fold in. Beat 3 egg whites (not too dry) and fold in. Bake in deep bread pan lined with wax paper in a moderate oven 325 degrees for about 45 minutes.
This is a thank you to Blossom. Great Elm Farm and Agnes A. I have used your cake recipes over and over, and they are excellent. 
This is a very old recipe. taken from my grandmother's cook book.   Abercrombie.
--
White Bread
Dear Arden--This is my first letter to the Household page, but I've read it ever since I was a bride eleven years ago.
I had the same difficulty as you have when I first started making bread, but now I make it as often as three times a week. I use a bread mixer which is a time saver.
Here is my "never fail" recipe.
Two tablespoons shortening, 1 tablespoon sugar, 1-1/2 teaspoons salt. Put in a large bowl, then

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THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW,  March 16, 1941.     3 

Harriet Beecher Stowe and Her Impact on Her Time 
Mr. Forrest Wilson's Full-Length Portrait Does Justice to All Her Varied Activities 

CRUSADER IN CRINOLINE: 
The Life of Harriet Beecher
Stowe.  By Forrest Wilson.  706 
pp.  Philadelphia:  J. B. Lippincott
Company.  $3.75. 
By HERBERT GORMAN 
SHE was a little woman, a
veritable mouse in flesh, so
to speak, but out of her
tininess, if we accept the
customary version, emerged that 
ferocious dragon of Civil War
that was to convulse the United 
States for four terrible years.  Mr.
Forrest Wilson, whose "Crusader
in Crinoline:  The Life of Harriet
Beecher Stowe" tells her story
(and tells it with a completeness 
and fairness that has never been
offered in print before), inclines 
to the conviction that she,
through her novel, "Uncle Tom's
Cabin," started the fuse that exploded
the struggle between the
States.  "The hair line of ink was
starting out on a long journey.
Harriet did not know where it 
would end, but it ended at Gettysburg
and Appomattox." 
As a matter of fact one may
argue from two premises:  one
that "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was 
the petard that blew all compromise
sky-high;  that it
was, in effect, the immediate
cause of that convulsion
of human passions
that resulted in fratricidal
war;  or, on the other
hand, that it was the culminating
link in a long
series of events leading
directly to battle.  Dispassionate
history has adopted
the second premise. 
Yet, one wonders.  The
emotional impact of the
overwritten and biased 
novel was tremendous.  It
brought into focus (a bad
focus, perhaps, but all 
wars are occasioned by
bad foci) the implacable
fact that deep antagonistic 
passions cannot be
amicably resolved by cool-headed 
arbitration.  The
Abolitionists had found a
Bible in "Uncle Tom's
Cabin," and as its scripture 
was inviolate to them
so was its one-sidedness 
anathema to the proud
and vexed South.  Because 
of this the book undisputably
hastened the tragedy that
might have been avoided for a
decade or more and so, perhaps
(no one can tell), been lightened
by more reasonable arbitration.
To be short, "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
either caused or was a contributory
cause of the Civil War.
There is a story (Mr. Wilson uses 
it) that when Abraham Lincoln
received Mrs. Stowe in the White
House in 1862 he exclaimed,  "So
this is the little lady who made
this big war." 
And who was this "little lady"? 
Well, she was the particularly
bright and flaming flower on a
dynastic tree that loomed large
in American religious life during
the first half of the nineteenth
century.  She was a Beecher.  And
by saying a Beecher is to mean
that she was the daughter of the
Reverend Lyman Beecher and the 
sister of the Reverend Henry
Ward Beecher, and, to go outside
the Beecher clan but still stay
in ecclesiastical circles, the wife 
of the Reverend Calvin E. Stowe, 
perhaps the greatest biblical 

scholar of his ear.  She was born
to the purple, so to speak, but it
was a threadbare purple until she
herself decorated it with fringes
of gold.  Of the entire Beecher
dynasty, and nearly a dozen of
them were savers of souls, she
and her younger brother, Henry
Ward, alone were to achieve that
monetary comfort that comes 
with a wise riding with the time. 
Mr. Wilson, who has fortified 
his biography with painstaking
research and, on the whole, intelligent
and convincing conclusions
from that research, gives 
a vivid and memorable picture of
the entire Beecher clan during
their early struggles in the
vineyards of human souls.  It is 
impossible not to admire old Lyman
Beecher himself, however
one may feel about some of his
progeny.  There is a fine picture 
of a period her and all the sacrifices
and struggles that accompanied 
a Calvinist family during
that period.  The early years in
New England (the fountainhead
of Calvanism) and the eighteen
years in Cincinnati (then, in 
spite of its size, almost a frontier

Forrest Wilson. 

settlement) are brilliantly 
pictured and carry their own particular
conviction.  It was from
that Cincinnati that little Mrs. 
Harriet Beecher Stowe came
back East in 1850 to be the
heroine of an era. 
Mr. Wilson sees her clearly. 
He writes: 
It was a forlorn little family
group that faced the east
on the deck of the Ohio River
steamboat after the last handkerchief 
had been waved and
the smoke of the big town
closed in the river behind.  the
diminutive mother, shabby,
life-worn, looking older than
her 39 years, her shawl scarcely
hiding her condition of maternity,
clutched with one hand
a frayed and darned little boy,
Freddie, now aged 10, and a 
patched and made-over little
girls, Georgie, aged 7, while beside
them, equally threadbare,
stood Hattie, the twin, who in
her fourteenth year was as tall
as her mother. 
It was this shabby little woman,
with barely a penny to her
name, who was to be the talk not
alone of America but of all Europe 

within three short years.
How it all started nobody seems
to know.  Even Mr. Wilson fails
to express the magic of it.  Mrs.
Stowe herself averred in after
years that it was through the
grace of God, that she wrote at
the behest of a Superior Power. 
that an angel held her pen, to
put it in the poetic terms of the
nineteenth century.  The truth 
seems to be that she, who had 
written but one little book of
short newspaper yarns, was
seized up by the spirit of the
times and flung into a subject 
that only she could handle as it
should be handled.  The story
goes that her sister-in-law, Mrs.
Edward Beecher, wrote to her. 
"Hattie, if I could use a pen as
you can, I would write something
that will make this whole nation
feel what an accursed thing slavery
is."  Hattie clenched her little
fist and exclaimed, "I will
write something.  I will if I live." 
Some time later she told her 
brother, Henry Ward, about the
promise she had made to write
about the evils of slavery.  "Do 
it, Hattie," he exclaimed.  "FInish
it, and I will scatter it
thick as the leaves of Vallombrosa." 
It was a great 
promise, but Henry Ward
Beecher, one of the greatest
egocentric windbags 
that America had ever
seen, was the man for
that. 
So Hattie wrote.  The
first attempt was an account
of an old slave being
flogged to death by
the scoundrel who owned 
him, or, rather, being
flogged by two cowardly
slaves of the scoundrel. 
The four names were
there, Uncle Tom, Simon
Legree (was there ever
such an inspiration for a
villain's name?), Sambo
and Quimbo.  Later when 
she began to write the
story "in parts" for the
New Era, a Washington
periodical, she had no
idea how long it would 
run and she sold the
rights for $300.  The 
"three or four numbers"
that she visualized turned
into forty numbers, all for the
same beggarly fee.  But the book
rights made up for all.  It sold
305,000 copies in America during
its first year of publication;  it
was sweeping Europe;  and the
shabby little woman from Cincinnati
became the Grand Goddess
of Letters throughout the
Northern States. 
Between the date of this novel 
(1852) and her "Lady Byron
Vindicated"  (1870) stretched 
eighteen years of unparalleled
popularity and greatness for Mrs.
Stowe.  If we say today that the
intrinsic literary quality of her
work did not deserve all this
esteem we are merely saying
something that had but little to
do with her popularity.  That was
implicit in the fact that she (and
only she) was the mouthpiece of
the Spirit of the Time, that what
she had written was not so much 
literature (if it was literature at
all), but the articulate voice of a
people making passionate response
to an immediate problem. 
It was the idea that mattered 

Harriet Beecher Stowe.
From the Recently Discovered Daguerreotype by Southworth and Hawes.
(From "Crusader in Crinoline.") 

and the trenchant delivery of that
idea.  What was "The Scarlet
Letter" and "Moby Dick" beside
this voice, so to speak, of the
sudden world in which one lived? 
Mrs. Stowe wrote better novels 
than "Uncle Tom's Cabin," "Old-town 
Folks," for instance, or the
curiously underestimated "My
Wife and I," but it was as the  
flaming voice of a problem that
split the Republic in two that she
achieved her ascendancy over the
land she loved so well.  She was 
the culminating point of a passion
that had to have outlet, and
Destiny, wisely for once, had
selected her insignificant figure
for that high office.  "Uncle Tom's 
Cabin," then, did not have to be
literature to be great.  It was an
expression.  Only two other 
writers have achieved this high
point of excitation in print,
Rousseau in France and Hitler, 
alas, in Germany.
It must not be thought that
Mr. Wilson's biography has all to
do with the one novel.  His book
is a full-length portrait of Mrs. 
Stowe and because of Mrs. 
Stowe's character (she was a 
clannish woman), of the Beecher
family as well.  there are magnificent
portraits of old Lyman
Beecher, of the delightfully lazy
Calvin E. Stowe, of sister Catherine
and of Henry Ward Beecher.
Perhaps in the case of Henry
Ward Mr. Wilson has pulled his
punches, so to speak, a trifle too
much, but this surely is because
of his assiduous care not to suggest
too much that documentation
might fail to bear out.  When her
does suggest he does so with a 
somewhat vague, offhand air, a
sort of take it or leave it attitude
that always respects the reason
of the reader.  It is so in the few
lines where he suggests that Mrs. 
Stowe might have carried on a 
flirtation bordering on the danger 

line with John Ruskin in Europe. 
One would like to think so, 
for there appears to have been 
more femininity encased in those
stays and hoopskirts we see in
the daguerreotypes than the average
reader might suspect.  But
alas, it is to be doubted.  Harriet's
fondness for her "old Rab,"
as she called Calvin E. Stowe,
still remains without even a little
mild pink stain upon it.  No, 
she was as good as gold, and if
her ego got somewhat the best
of her at times (as in her set-to 
with the Rev. Joel Parker and
the astounding publication of
what she described as Lady
Byron's confidences to her concerning
Lord Byron's "interest") 
there is still evidence (from deduction)
to show that from her
point of view her reasons were
beyond cavil.  She was a proud 
little woman and eighteen years 
of adulation hardly spoiled her at
all;  they rendered her a little too
all-seeing, perhaps, but such fame
would do that to the best of us. 
Besides his characterizations
(the greatest of which of course
is Mrs. Stowe herself) Mr. Wilson
reveals himself as an astonishingly
capable re-creator of
period-tissue without obviously
dragging in excessive background
description.  The color of
the times is excellently communicated
with the development of
his subject, and in achieving this
art of presentation he has surrounded
Mrs. Stowe with all the
panoply, emotions and constant
stir of the long years through 
which she lived.  She is never in
a vacuum, as it were, but always 
moving, speaking and gesturing
through her own times.  That is
no small accomplishment for a
biographer.  After all, no biography 
is complete that fails to
bring to life the period in which
the biographical subject had
lived, suffered and triumphed.

4     THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW,  March 16, 1941. 

The Latest Autobiography
By Irvin S. Cobb 
He Has Been Writing About Himself for Years and Now
Entertainingly Sums Up 

EXIT LAUGHING.  By Irvin B.
Cobb.  572 pp.  Indianapolis: 
Bobbs-Merrill Company.  $3.50.
By ROBERT van GELDER 
IRVIN S. COBB learned his
trade in a rugged school
where facility in writing was 
the reward for energy and
vanity, and where politeness was
the price of safety.  He has, of
course, been writing autobiography
for years.  A strong instinct
for self-preservation early taught 
him to believe that the humor
that picks on what is ridiculous
in other white men is a spurious
brand.  The proper study for the
genuine droll, he considers, is
that droll himself, and as Mr.
Cobb has lived much of his life
on the profits of humor, he has
inevitably written a great deal 
about himself.  His early experiences
in Paducah, Ky., where
there were plenty of guns left
over from the Civil War and
where a man had time to nurse
an eccentricity into a definitely
bad temper, have been a rich mine
of material.  His reportorial adventures 
in New York, and in Europe
during the first World War,
are almost as familiar as his operation. 
That this should be so is proof 
of his good judgment.  this old
material, cast in new phrases and
garnished with fresh anecdotes,
makes the best part of this not-necessarily
final autobiography. 
On the home grounds of his youth
Cobb can show Cobb as eager,
likable, a bear for work, an easily
entertained young man who becomes
adept at entertaining.  But 
it is as though he had ballooned 
in some fashion when, after developing
as one of the most 
skilled and efficient reporters of
his time, he moved out into the
big money fields of popular magazine
writing and lecturing, and
from then on never quite had 
touch with the sources of his own 
strength.  There is a very clear 
line of demarcation.  When he
writes of the people he knew 
when he was young he presents 
characters who stand and move
with the life that he puts into his
descriptions of them.  Later the
people mentioned are all too often 
"important" heroes or despicable
boors and cads.  The once clear,
friendly look has become, it
seems, impossible. 
The men and women of the
Judge Priest stories came from 
Paducah, where Cobb was born
and where, at 16, he obtained his
first newspaper job.  There had 
been Cobbs in Paducah since the
early days, and his mother's people, 
members of the Saunders
family, also had arrived not very
long after the Revolutionary War. 
Cobb grew up in a nest of kinfolk, 
with uncles and aunts to
spare.  Judge Priest was physically 
a reincarnation of the late
Judge William S. Bishop--"the
high bald forehead, the pudgy
shape, the little white paintbrush 
of a chin whisker, the strident
high-pitched voice which, issuing
from that globular tenement, 
made a grotesque contrast, as 
though a South American tapir
had swallowed a tomtit alive and 

was letting the tomtit do the talking
for him."  Some of Judge
Priest's mental attitudes were
borrowed from Hal Corbett, a
lawyer who spent most of his 
time running for office, and Mr.
Cobb's father.  For the bit players
in the tales he drew from the
Negro community.  Connie Lee,
who survives as the town's leading
chiropodist--and is, by the
way, the only survivor--was "Jeff
Poindexter," Judge Priest's private
retainer. 
Irvin Cobb went to work at 16 
because his father, hurt in the
Civil War, determined, according 
to his son, to drink himself to
death.  He had lost his job with
a steamboat line and had nothing
left but an insurance policy which
carried an anti-suicide clause.  So 
very deliberately he set about to
collect that insurance for his family. 
"He had health though, and
was strong, and to accomplish
this took four hard years."  In
the first year of his effort Irvin 
Cobb started writing news. 
His apprenticeship was rigorous
but it later paid full dividends. 
With a beginning salary
of $1.75 a week, it was his privilege
to write just about all that 
he wanted to write, and he could
always be sure that the people he
knew would read him if he could
keep his copy even moderately
lively.  He does not mention restrictions
as to style--probably
there were none.  But there were
the empty forms that must be
filled, there were thousands of 

[portrait of Irvin S. Cobb]
Irvin S. 
Cobb. 

Photo by
Twentieth Century-
Fox. 

words to be put down every day. 
At 19 Cobb was managing
editor of the paper, but that didn't
last long, as "the owners soon
found out what was wrong with
the paper."  However, at the age
of 20, when his father died, he
was earning twelve dollars a
week, and his string as a correspondent
was lengthening.  Covering 

the best stories that Kentucky
could provide and working so fast
and hard that it was necessary to
discover and make use of every
natural gift in order to get
through each day, he learned to
write by free, popular writing. 
When, near the beginning of this
century, he came to New York,
he had tested himself to capacity 

and thus had a clear idea of what
kind of performance he could turn
in under stress.  Success in New
York came fairly rapidly and
within a few years he was known 
as the highest paid reporter in
the country, and George Horace
Lorimer of The Saturday Evening
Post had made a bid for his services
--a bid that was promptly accepted. 
After that magazine correspondence,  
the lecture platform, 
after-dinner speaking, Hollywood
and much later, a few turns as 
an actor. 
But now the emphasis changes
and tales of Mr. Cobb's prowess
as a big eater replace the earlier
stories of work.  William Randolph
Hearst and Ray Long are
not shown objectively as were the
Monkey Wrench Corner idlers in
Paducah or the bosses on The
Evening World.  There are "important
people" introduced simply
as "important people," with a few
glib patches of praise pasted on
them.  And there are some curious
now-it-can-be-told yarns that
leave, it must be admitted, a
rather peculiar taste.  We were not
at war with Germany in 1914 but
Mr. Cobb's story of the letter he
brought from Germany for delivery
to Franz von Papen in 
Washington is unavoidably unsavory.
The same might be said
of his barging in on President
Wilson soon after we entered the
war, intent on winning "me a
pair of shoulder straps."  Wilson
refused his request that special
influence be used to get him into
the Army as an officer and told
him that "the next time you want
something at my hands let it be
something worthy your having and
worth my giving."  But he put
his arm around Cobb's shoulders
to take the sting out of the words,
with the result that Cobb "came 
away with an enhanced chest expansion"
that, to tell the truth,
is still a bit noticeable. 

The Biography of Every God Is an Epic 

BIOGRAPHY OF THE GODS. By
A. Eustace Haydon.  352 pp. 
New York:  The Macmillan
Company.  $2.50. 
THE book which bears the
above beckoning and provocative
title is neither a harvest
of legend nor a history of
religion, and yet it includes--or
at least it infers--both, in a
fascinating study which is, like
the divine figures which are the
subject, rooted in man's age-long
aspirations and social needs.  It
is not a book for either petistic
or superficial reading, of course,
but it will hold a compelling interest
for the mind which, between
those two extremes, cares
to give a humanist's attention to
the spiritual demands and developments
of human history.  For
such readers, "fascinating" is indeed
the word to describe this
story, by the Professor of History 
of Religions at the University of
Chicago, of man's gods:  all, "like
man, earthborn." 
It is, needless to say, in no
spirit of materialism or what we
call irreverence that Dr. Haydon
points to the gods' anthropomorphic
nature (that word, by the
way, is one which he avoids).  The
biography of every god, he says
in his preface, is "an epic into
which are written the dreams and
sorrows, tragedies and achievements 
of some human group.  The
history of the gods, he adds, is
the story of "human adventures 

in cooperation with what seemed
helpful and trustworthy amid the 
dearth and danger of the changing
centuries."  The gods change,
grow in moral character;  myriads
have died and been forgotten as
man's mental development has
taken him away from his primitive
dependence or his ethical and
spiritual standards have advanced 
beyond those of his divinities. 
"The biography of a god can be
written only as a phase of the
life process of a people," Dr. Haydon
sums up.  And although the
birth of the gods long antedates 
man's knowledge, this scholar
traces them to very early days.
Here is great Enlil of the Sumerians, 
and then the gods of the
Babylonians and the Persians and
The Egyptians, and then the Greek
gods who were done to death at
last by philosophy, and the "intercultural,
international family" 
of the gods of Rome. 
All these are gods who have 
died. By far the larger part of Dr.
Haydon's book is devoted to a
detailed study--which should,
again, be described as a social
study--of the gods which still
rule the faith of men.  In its 
tracing of the development of
the moral law and the trust in
God's loving fatherhood, the account
of the Hebrew Yahweh is
the most interesting of all, and
Dr. Haydon also points out how
the Hebrew prophets "gave to 

Western culture one of its basic
beliefs--that a divine plan undergirds 
the universe, that a divine
purpose runs through time."  The
chapter on the Christian God is
less concerned with Christ than
with the doctrines of the
churches, from the first mystery
of the Trinity, on through discussions
in the Middle Ages and the
Reformation period, to the problems
of today.  The Allah of the
Mohammedans is the latest comer
to the great gods' company, but
his "clear, well-defined personality" 
has already lost some of
its distinctness. 
As chapter-head for his final
conclusion Dr. Haydon has borrowed
the phrase "Twilight of
the gods."  But what he actually
points to is "twilight" only in
the sense that darkness swings
the cycle into dawn.  All the great 
gods still living have their life-stories 
of development, "all are
different and all are alike.  The
qualities men most highly esteem
and the powers needful to guarantee 
human values belong to
them all."  But the unanswered
question of evil has never been
more pressing, and the need for
creating the good society weighs 
heavily upon the hearts of religious
men.  To this human need 
we come, at the end of this vivid, 
resonant, beautifully written story
of man's seekings after divinity. 



Letters to The Times
Reassurance for Mr. Isaacs
Borough Head's Fear of "Desecration"
of Bear Mountain Held Groundless
TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK TIMES:
A letter from Borough President Stanley
M. Isaacs on the proposed parkway
to Bear Mountain appeared in THE NEW
YORK TIMES this morning.  Mr. Isaacs
says that he was shocked to hear that
there was a proposal to build a highway
from the George Washington Bridge
that would slash through the heart of
Bear Mountain Park, and even more
surprised to learn that the proposal appeared
to have the support of the Palisades
Interstate Park Commission.  He
concludes with the astonishing comment
that the Commissioners of the park
would be faithless to their trust if they
failed to protect the park from what
he considers a desecration.
The plan for a parkway--not a highway--
from the George Washington
Bridge to Bear Mountain is an old one.
An attempt to finance it as a toll road
was made as far back as 1933 when the
plan was presented to the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation and it was
postponed pending further studies.
But the program has not slept.  The
great majority of the land necessary for
the parkway in the New Jersey section
of the park has already been acquired.
New Jersey has passed legislation making
the parkway possible.  At no time 
has there been any opposition to the
project until Mr. Isaacs's present uneasiness
of mind.
The Borough President need not
worry about our desecrating Bear
Mountain Park nor about the Commissioners
being faithless to their trust.
All of the New York members of the
commission--Governor Alfred E. Smith,
W. Averell Harriman, Frederick Osborn,
Laurance S. Rockefeller and myself--
have been connected with the park
either directly or through our families
since its inception.  No group is
more aware of the natural beauties
and advantages in the area than are
the Commissioners.  It is for just this
reason that we believe the park should
be made accessible to the millions of 
people who could enjoy it if it were accessible.
The present facilities for
reaching the park on the New Jersey
side of the river are wholly inadequate.
It seems ridiculous to assume that providing
this accessibility by constructing
one parkway to or even through part of
the park would constitute a desecration
in an area which contains over sixty
square miles.
These park lands were entrusted to
the Commissioner for the benefit of the
people.  The commission would be derelict
in its duty if it did not advocate
every reasonable means for increasing
the usefulness of the park to the people.
GEORGE W. PERKINS,
Vice President, Palisades Interstate
Park Commission.
New York, March 3, 1941.

Autopsy on Republican Party

that the gratitude of the French people
to Pasteur showed itself in their
gracious acknowledgment in the simple
tribute stamped on each package of
Roquefort-cheese.  This statement, "Le
Bon Pasteur," was very kind.
From a realistic point of view the discovery
of insulin has increased the consumption
of sugar throughout the world
and particularly in this country.  I hope
that we too may be grateful and encourage
sugar manufacturers to place a
similar small tribute on their packages
and cube wrappers.
JOHN FALLON, M. D.
New York, March 3, 1941.

High Taxes and Rentals
Tenant-Voter Found Unaware of How
One Affects the Other
TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK TIMES:
Mrs. Helen S. K. Willcox in her letter
published in THE TIMES of March 1
makes a strong case against the real estate
tax upon the farmer.  It is essentially
the case against all capital levies
which, in good times, often result in
undertaxation, and, in bad times, in
confusion.
The system has one advantage--convenience
of administration.  It has many
disadvantages: it is based on valuations
which are subjective and may readily be
abused.  It is an impost on tangibles,
but payable in cash.  It is not necessarily
related to the taxpayer's ability to
pay.  In urban communities, where there
is a preponderance of tenants, the tax is
concealed and voters are unaware of
their very real interest in the economy
of local government.
The tenant's interest is great, but not
as immediate as Mrs. Willcox suggests.
A third or more of his rent may be used
to pay the real estate tax, but the
amount of the rent is not directly or
forthwith affected by the tax.  It might
be cheaper for the tenant, in the long
run, if it were.
Rentable space is a commodity the
price of which depends upon the as yet
unrepealed law of supply and demand.
The relative supply of rentable space is
subject to diminution by obsolescence,
depreciation, demolition to allow for
public improvement, accidental destruction
and expanding demands in a
period of population growth or prosperity.
The relative supply is maintained or
increased by new construction or contracting
demand through loss of population
or bad times.
Over a long period, in a healthy community,
the critical factor in relative
supply is construction of rentable space.
Rentable space is an investment and
is in competition with other forms of investment.
A higher return is often demanded
in competition for loss of
liquidity.  The return cannot be expected
until fixed and operating charges are
earned.  The higher these charges, the
more deferred the return and the greater
the rent required to meet the charges
and the return upon which the invest-




1941
BOOKS                      THE N

BOOKS OF THE TIMES
By CHARLES POORE

As Lincoln walked the streets of Springfield
and as he rode the circuit of twelve 
counties, living in hotels and court houses,
he met people shaken and stirred by slavery;
they had read a book; the book had set their
hearts on fire with hate; they hated the
South, the people of the South; it was a hate
that made them hate their own country, its
laws, its flag; they believed their own country
guilty of a crime worse than the crimes
of any other country in any other time.
—CARL SANDBURG in "Abraham Lincoln:
The Prairie Years."
THE book was "Uncle Tom's Cabin," and its 
author was Harrier Beecher Stowe, heroine
of an excellent biography by Forrest Wilson that
is published this morning.
[*CRUSADER IN CRINOLINE.  The Life of Harriet
Beecher Stowe.  By Forrest Wilson.  706 pages.  
Illustrated.  Lippincott.  $3.75.*]
About Harriet Beecher Stowe
A generation that remembers Harriet chiefly
for that book and the Civil War it helped to set
aflame may well be astonished at the range and
variety of her enterprises.  She wrote many other
books, and some were far better as literature.
Her tours of England and the Continent were
filled with remarkable goings-on.  Late in life
she stirred up a new tempest when she brought
out her revelations about Lord Byron in a world
that could still be shocked.
The whole story is definitively told in Mr. Wilson's
lively and scholarly narrative, from the
days of obscurity to the world-wide celebrity (not
to say notoriety) that followed the appearance of
Tom and Eva and Simon Legree.  The scandal
involving her brother, Henry Ward Beecher, was
the last great dramatic episode in her life, and
it affected her, Mr. Wilson believes, almost as if
she had been a victim of the charges.  The high-water
mark of her career, however, was the
moment when Lincoln signed the Emancipation
Proclamation.
The Crusader in Crinoline
Harriet's father was a  New England preacher.
She married a preacher. One of her sons was a 
preacher.  Her famous brother was a preacher.
But she was the most zealous preacher of them
all.  Her life—1811 to 1896—spanned most of the 
nineteenth century, a background that is ably
sketched in by Mr. Wilson, and she knew personally
a good many of the leaders of that day.
Her own celebrity was such that, as Oliver
Wendell Holmes metrically observed in honor of
her seventieth birthday (an event celebrated the
year Harriet was 71, with an appropriate disregard
for facts), Britons, Frenchmen, Swedes, 
Danes, Turks, Spaniards, Tartars, Dutchmen,
Russian serfs, Arabs, Armenians and Manchukuoans,
all, having read her book, knew the lady.
Whittier, another admirer, wrote a more solemn
verse that, nevertheless, got in most of the biographical
facts of Mrs. Stowe's eventful career,
and Charlotte F. Bates contributed this somewhat
startling tribute:
England has Eliot, France has Sand, to show:
America, her Harriet Beecher Stowe.
All, of course, dwelt on "Uncle Tom's Cabin,"
then as always her salient work.
In his book on the American novel Carl Van 
Doren observed: "That 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'
stands higher in the history of reform than in the

history of the art of fiction, no one needs to say
again."
Yet it is said again and again, as often as the
discussion comes up, and there is a perennial
interest in it.
The Story of a Famous Story
Mr. Wilson's thoroughgoing and authoritative
study of that book, how it came to be written,
where Harriet got her material, the hasty, zeal-driven,
helter-skelter way it was composed as a
serial in a then obscure Abolitionist paper, and
its tremendous effect from then on, is full of
interesting information and shrewd comment.
It was the Lord Himself who wrote "Uncle
Tom's Cabin," Mrs. Stowe always used to say in 
after years.  Those who share that view, Mr.
Wilson dryly notes, must agree that the revelation
was limited by the technical deficiencies of 
the instrument.  Punctuation had to be supplied
by the proofreaders,  A dash or a comma sufficed
her.  Others had to put in question marks, colons
and full periods,  As "the hair line of ink:
started on its long journey from a busy housewife's
table in 1851, she did not know where it
would end, "but it ended at Gettysburg and
Appomattox."
Harriet addressed her story to the people of 
the South and, Mr. Wilson says, she "honestly
thought it held out a hand for peace."  In fact,
she was a little worried that it might drive
Northern subscribers away from the paper  it appeared
in first.  She though if Southerners saw
slavery as she saw it they might voluntarily free
their slaves.
In Defense of "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
The kindest, and most uptight people in "Uncle
Tom's Cabin," Mr. Wilson points out, were, with
some minor exceptions, "all Southerners and
slave-holders—excepting, too, St. Clair's New
England cousin, Aunt Ophelia, and there were
rapid Abolitionists in the North who refused to 
concede to a slave-owner a single Christian
virtue."
Furthermore, Mr. Wilson observes, Mrs. Stowe
"did not overlook the pleasant, patriarchal side
of slavery: which, he feels, is  one thing that
made "Uncle Tom's Cabin" so hard to answer.
And "when she drew Simon Legree, the arch-villain
of American literature, she made him a 
Vermonter," which was certainly Northern
enough.
Well, all that seems far away now, but it had 
a part in shaping the history of this country,
and Mr. Wilson brings Harriet and her times
back to life with great success,  His book, which
contains a considerable amount of research in
fresh material, is strewn with good stories.
One of these concerns the later days when
Harriet and her husband spent their Winters in
Florida.  A Jacksonville shipping man conceived
the idea of bringing a steamboat loads of tourists
to look over the place where the famous authoress
lived.
Calvin Stowe, husband of Harriet Beecher
Stowe, was particularly annoyed by one woman
who brazenly stepped up on the porch where he 
sat reading, introduced herself and added: "but 
I would have preferred to meet Mrs. Stowe."
"So had I, Madam," Calvin retorted.  "So had
I—a thousand times."

Jehol Part of Manchoukuo, Says Uchida in Policy Talk
Japanese Statesman Denies Aggressive Intentions - Monroe Doctrine in Far East Is Made Corner Stone of Asiatic Policy
By Radio to The Christian Science Monitor
TOKYO, Jan. 21 - Diplomats here interpret the concluding paragraphs of the address by Count Yasuya Uchida, Foreign Minister, before the House of Pe[?]rs today, as constituting a strong reiteration of Japan's basic policy toward Asia. They regard it as designed to reassure world opinion and to prevent an increase of anti-Japanese suspicions in the Occident. 
Japan said Count Uchida "entertains no territorial designs anywhere in the globe. It only desires to in-
tive campaign against Japan was submitted which called for military operations along the North China frontier, support for volunteer armies of the northeast and anti-Japanese boycotts. 
"The Japanese Government cannot look upon such a state of affairs in China without gravest apprehension. We are compelled to warn the government and the people of China against the unfortunate eventualities that may arise from the situation and to invite them to think seriously before proceeding further in that direction.
"The peace of the Far East can be secured only by recognizing Manchoukuo and assisting it to achieve healthy growth.
"I am convinced that, in view of the auspicious growth of Manchoukuo and the universal advantage thereby accruing to all peoples of the world, the League of Nations and governments of the powers will eventually recognize the fairness and justice of the position we have taken with regard to Manchoukuo. . . .
"It is to be greatly regretted that as a result of the policy of the closed door, which is now practiced everywhere in trade and industry, the univ-
(Continued on Page 4, Column 3)

LEAGUE TO GIVE JAPAN ITS VIEW OF EASTERN RIFT
Report Fixing Blame for Conflict Is Next Move at Geneva
Special to The Christian Science Monitor via Press Wireless
GENEVA, Jan 21 - After a week of Japanese maneuvering for delay, the League Committee of Nineteen has determined to abandon "a fruitless attempt at conciliation and pass on to Japan a report which will justly apportion the responsibilities in the Sino-Japanese dispute. 
Latest communications from the Tokyo Government reject all essential proposals made by the committee. While Japan has been insisting on repeated postponements, the committee has gone ahead preparing for the next stage in the procedure.
The committee dealt firmly but

BOSTON MOTOR SHOW REFLECTS 1933 CONFIDENCE
Doors Open to Big $500,000 Exhibit of Handsome Models in All Classes
"Paging prosperity" doesn't have to be slung in glittering letters over the entrance to Mechanics Building as the slogan of the Boston Automobile Show - it is written in the manifestations of artistic craftsmanship as seen inside. 
Opening day at the automobile show is like "opening day" at the baseball parks; it provides common ground for the office boy and the business executive, both finding thrills in the only opportunity for New England to view the 1933 automotive developments "en masse." The show opened its doors at [?] p.m. today and 10:30 p.m., excepting Sunday, when the doors will be open from 2 p.m. until 7 p.m.
More than $500,000 worth of 1933 automobiles bear mute testimony to the unleashing of motordom's accumulated skill and laboratory facilities in a concerted effort to vitalize the motor market by giving the public something in the way [?] inducements to buy.
Decorative Effect
Set in the midst of a decorative effect, depicting the glories of medieval Venice, the 1933 automobile kingdom on parade easily stands the test of this colorful comparison. The management of the show has been successful in its efforts to maintain the decorative standards of past seasons, always a public attraction. Exhibition Hall, the main display room, furnishes a masterpiece of Venetian coloring, rich silk draperies and pictorial effects. A huge painting of the Grand Canal with its graceful gondolas, covers the entire rear wall. Across the stage front are columns, 18 to 25 feet in height flanked by the "Lions of Venice" mounted on buttments. 
Clearly, the manufacturer has made his most popular appeal to the public this year through the medium of low costs. The tide of prices has receded to a new low level with practically all the cars in the "less than $1000" bracket dropping in prices and the costliest machines paring anywhere from
(Continued on Page 2, Column 6)

Canada Supplies Alberta Farmers With Hired Hands
Special to The Christian Science Monitor
EDMONTON, Alta. - A new plan to relieve the unemployment situation for single men has been instituted between the Federal Government

THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, BOSTON, SATURDAY--
Power of 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' Won Author World Renown
(picture) By a Staff Artist of the CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
An open poll to determine the 12 greatest women leaders in the United States during the last 100 years was taken recently by the National Council of Women and the Ladies' Home Journal for the Hall of Fame at the Chicago Century of Progress Exposition. The names placed on this roll of honor in the order of votes received were: Mary Baker Eddy, Jane Addams, Clara Barton, Frances E. Willard, Susan B. Anthony, Helen Keller, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Julia Ward Howe, Carrie Chapman Catt, Amelia Earhart Putnam, Mary Lyon and Mary E. Wolley. This is the sixth of 12 articles on their careers.
____________________________________
Harriet Beecher Stowe was the daughter of a woman who expected all her sons to become ministers. And, so long as there was a daughter, it seemed best that she should have the same kind of education.
But Lyman Beecher's daughter did not want to stop at prescribed reading for the ministry. So she read everything she could lay her hands on. Sometimes she had to be careful about it. Her mother would not have cared to see her reading "The Arabian Nights," for instance. But there were not many such outbreaks, and when she married, Harriet Beecher married a Professor Stowe, who taught sacred literature in a theological seminary. 
Harriet Stowe was born June 14, 1811, in Litchfield, Conn. A historian has said. "The family home was a nest of geniuses." Seven sons became ministers, according to their mother's plan. There were other daughters, with vigorous, ambitious individualities, but it was left for Harriet to write a book which was
that interesting thing of its time, "fiction, with a didactic purpose."
House of Intellectual Energy
The Beecher house must sometimes almost have burst with the energy exhibited by its young people in their various cultural developments. The boys were reading Latin grammar at 7 or 8 years, and had a full and happy expectation of reading, "Paradise Lost," when they were 12. It was a popular "mot" of the day to say that "The human race is divided into saints, sinners and the Beecher family."
Yet prolific in literature as the sons and daughters were, in the benign and busy shadow of their great father, it is a curious fact that little of their writings remain to be particularly noted outside of "Uncle Tom's Cabin."
There were not so many "reforms" flying through the air in the middle years of the last century as there are today, and now, with all the more material, where can be found either a man or woman writing fiction which deals with social issues in 

Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.