NAWSA Subject File Suffrage Schools Woman Suffrage Study Club 1912 - 1913 Woman Suffrage Study Club Circulating Library A number of the best books pertaining to the Woman Movement may be had from Mrs. Raymond Brown, 294 West 92nd Street, by payment of ten cents for two weeks. It is earnestly requested that members will notify the Secretary, Mrs. L. H. Olzendam, 204 West 92nd Street, of any change in name or address. Constitution of Woman Suffrage Study Club Article 1. NAME. This Association shall be known as the Woman Suffrage Study Club, auxiliary to the County of New York and the State of New York, and through that Association auxiliary to the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Article II. OBJECT. Its object shall be political education and the advancement of industrial, legal and educational rights, leading toward the ultimate enfranchisement of women. Article III. MEMBERSHIP. Any person may become a member of this Association by paying the sum of $1.00 annually, of which thirty-five cents shall go to the County Treasurer. This must be paid before the annual meeting in April. No distinction on account of sex shall be made in membership or eligibility to office in the Association. Article IV ELECTION OF OFFICERS The officers of the Association shall be a President, First and Second Vice-Presidents, Corresponding Secretary and Recording Secretary, a Treasurer and Auditor. These general officers constitute an Executive Committee, and shall be elected annually at the first meeting in April. Article V. DUTIES OF OFFICERS Section 1. - President: The President shall preside at all regular and called meetings, and have a general oversight of the Association. In conjunction with the Executive Committee, she shall plan for its best interests and the good of the cause; she shall call special meetings when deemed advisable, due notice having been given. Section 2. - Vice-President: The First Vice-President shall preside at all meetings in the absence of the President and perform all duties of the President in case of the absence of that officer; she shall also assist in arranging and carrying out plans for the benefit of the Association. In the absence of the First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President shall perform these duties. 4 Section 3. - Corresponding Secretary: The Corresponding Secretary shall conduct the correspondence of the Association and co-operate with the President in every possible way. Section 4. - Recording Secretary: The Recording Secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of the meetings, notify committees of their appointment and of the business referred to them; take charge of all papers and documents of the Association and make reports annually or quarterly as required by the Association. Section 5. - Treasurer: The Treasurer shall keep an exact book account of all receipts and expenditures. Thirty-five cents from the dues of each member must be entered at the time of its payment in a separate account under the head of County Dues. The amount in this fund must be forwarded annually before September 15th to the Treasurer of the County Association and must not be used for any other purpose whatsoever. The Treasurer shall pay bills only on orders signed by the President and Recording Secretary. Section 6. - Auditor: Is shall be the duty of the Auditor to examine and verify the books of the Treasurer and to report thereon at each annual meeting. 5 ARTICLE VI. MEETINGS. Section 1.—The regular meetings of the Association shall be held every other Monday and one-fourth of the members shall constitute a quorum. Public meetings shall be held as often as the interest of the work demands. Section 2.—During the month of April the annual meeting shall be held. Before this meeting the Treasurer shall have collected all membership dues unpaid, and closed her books for the fiscal year and shall offer her report to the Association. The report must be passed upon by the Auditor before approval. The Corresponding Secretary shall offer her report of the year's work, and after its approval may forward it to the Country or State Corresponding Secretary. The election of officers shall then take place. ARTICLE VII. AMENDMENTS. This Constitution may be amended at a regular meeting of the Association by a two-thirds vote of the members present, notice having been given at the previous regular meeting. AMENDMENT ARTICLE 1—April 11, 1910. The last meeting in April shall be the annual meeting. 6 Officers Woman Suffrage Study Club President—Mrs. Raymond Brown, 294 West 92nd St. First Vice-President — Mrs. Francis A. Shinn, 158 Waverley Place. Second Vice-President—Mrs. Walter McDougall, 1 West 89th St. Recording Secretary—Mrs. L. H. Olzendam, 204 West 92nd St. Corresponding Secretary—Mrs. Chas. J. Ferrin, Jr., 6 West 91st St. Treasurer—Mrs. Chas. F. Horne, 616 West 148th St. Auditor—Mrs. A. F. Townsend, 36 West 12th St. Honorary Member Miss Nora Scott, 251 West 101st St. Members Abott, Miss Julia Wade, 430 West 119th St. Adam, Mrs. J. Mercer, 7 West 106th St. Arkush, Mrs. E., 502 West 113th St. Bamford, Mrs. E. M., 509 West 112th St. Beaman, Mrs. Middleton, 66 West 46th St. Belcher, Miss Hilda, 939 Eighth Ave. Braga, Mrs. Bernardo, 260 West 57th St. Brainerd, Mrs. Charles, The Judson, Washington Sq. 7 Brewster. Miss F.M., 500 Fifth Ave. Broun, Mrs. Heyward, 195 Claremont Ave. Brown, Mrs. Raymond, 294 West 92nd St. Brown Mr. Raymond, 294 West 92nd St. Brown, Mrs., 200 Hicks St., Brooklyn. Burr, Mrs., G. H., Hotel Marie Antoinette. Cameron, Mrs. Chas. E., 156 Madison Ave. Catren, Miss Ida M., 156 West 123rd St. Chaffee, Miss C. W., 420 West 119th St. Coate, Mrs. L. G., 100 Cathedral Parkway. Coates, Miss Isabel D., 300 West 85th St. Colburn, Miss Mary, 424 West 119th St. Coles, Miss Anna C., 164 Waverly Place. Collins, Mrs. F. L., Heathcote Road, Scarsdale, N.Y. Constable, Miss Anna, 799 Park Ave. Cox, Miss Marion, 11 East 38th St. Crewe, Miss, 306 West 100th St. Curtis, Mrs. Robert, 515 West 143rd St. Dempsey, Mrs. Louis, 87 Hamilton Place. Dempsey, Mr. Louis, 87 Hamilton Place. Dickinson, Mrs. Clara C., 528 West 111th St. Dimock, Miss Irene, 29 Washington Sq. Dwight, Mrs. Richard, 2211 Broadway. Eastman, Miss Lucy P., 4 East 70th St. Edgar, Miss Louise, 19 East 62nd St. Eichrodt, Mrs. Chas. W., 605 West 115th St. Evans, Mrs. S. K., 56 West 11th St. Ferrin, Mrs. Chas. J., Jr., 6 West 91st St. Ferrin, Mr. Chas. J., Jr., 6 West 91st St. 8 [*begin to copy*] Folsom, Mrs. J. L., Springfield, Mass. Forrester, Mrs. P., 304 1/2 Claremont Ave., Brooklyn Fürst, Mrs. J., 41 West 83rd St. Gatling, Mrs. R. H., 317 West 84th St. Gibson, Mrs. Wm. C., 36 East 40th St. Glackens, Mrs. Wm. J., 29 Washington Sq. Glass, Mrs. Montague, 504 West 143rd St. Guilford, Mrs. Millard B., 620 West 116th St. Guillaudeu, Mrs. W. L., 300 West 85th St. Hale, Mrs. Louise Closser, 137 West 110th St. Hall, Mrs. Geo Gilman, 330 Convent Ave. Hamlin, Mrs. A. C., 515 West 110th St. Harrison, Mrs. Duncan B., Beechmont Drive, New Rochelle. Hasbrouck, Miss Maria, 39 West 94th St. Helburn, Mrs. Julius, 425 West End Ave. Henry, Mrs. Stuart, 255 West 97th St. Hepburn, Mrs. Charles, 144 East 22nd St. Hepburn, Mrs. Lloyd P., 601 West 184th St. Herod, Mrs. Franklin F., 126 Claremont Ave. Hinchman, Mrs. Ralph P., 600 West End Ave. Holden, Mrs. Ralph, 987 Madison Ave. Horne, Mrs. Charles F., 616 West 148th St. Horne, Mr. Charles F., 616 West 148th St. Howard, Miss Ada Frances, 2281 Loring Place. 9 Hunt, Mrs. Joseph, 125 East 80th St. Irwin, Mrs. B., Newtown, Conn. Jacobi, Mrs. Paula O., 31 West 11th St. Jewett, Mrs. M. E., 400 Convent Ave. Knapp, Mrs. Arthur W., Bayside, L. I. Koues, Miss E. L., 99 Claremont Ave., Krey, Mrs. Geo. M., 704 Eighth Ave., Brooklyn. Kursteiner, Mrs. J. P., Narragansett Hotel. Laidlaw, Mrs. James L., 6 East 66th St. Lawson, Miss Edith, 136 West 11th St. Lawson, Miss Fannie, 136 West 11th St. Leckie, Miss Katherine, 129 East 17th St. Lewis, Mrs. W. E., Great Neck, L. I. Liebmann, Mrs. Chas. J., 12 East 87th St. Loudon, Mrs. E. V., 7 West 92nd St. Lund, Miss Charlotte, Hotel Grenoble. Marix, Mrs. Adolph, Hotel Iroquois. Mann, Mrs. Parker, 163 Montclair Ave, Montclair, N. J. Manson, Mrs. T. L., 21 West 52nd St. Martin, Mrs. H. S., 227 West 45th St. Mawson, Miss Agnes, 35 West 129th St. Milton, Mrs. Robert, 315 West 79th St. Mitchell, Miss Nina, 103 Waverley Place. Moody, Mrs. Herbert R., 300 Convent Ave. Moody, Mr. Herbert R., 300 Convent Ave. Morgan, Mrs. Daniel, 136 East 71st St. Morton, Mrs. E. L., 224 Riverside Drive. 10 McDougall, Mrs. Graeme, 607 West 136th St. McDougall, Miss Isabel, 101 Waverley Pl. McDougall, Mrs. Walter, 1 West 89th St. McKenna, Mrs. William, Hotel Leonori. McLean, Miss Nathalie, Hoffman Arms. Norton, Mrs. E. L., 256 West 74th St. Nuese, Mrs. R. E., Hotel Cecil. Ogborn, Mrs. Robert J., 39 East 38th St. Olzendam, Mrs. Louis H., 204 West 92nd St. Peck, Miss Anne M., 164 Waverly Place. Peyser, Mrs. Eugene, 310 West 100th St. Potter, Mrs. Douglas, 323 West 82nd St. Preston, Mrs. James, 22 West 9th St. Putnam, Miss Alice, Hotel Marie Antoinette. Putnam-Cramer, Miss A., Westfield, N. J. Raymond, Mrs. Helen, 307 West 98th St. Reicher, Miss Hedwig, Hotel Belleclaire. Risley, Mrs. W. S., 31 Reservoir Ave., Jersey City, N. J. Ross, Miss Ruth S., 121 West 41st St. Rotter, Mrs. Oscar, 217 East 79th St. Rublee, Mrs. Juliet B., 901 Lexington Ave. Russell, Mrs. Benjamin, 250 West 78th St. Shepherd, Mrs. Wm. B., 468 Riverside Drive. Sherwood, Mrs. Daniel, 171 West 95th St. Sherwood, Mrs. E. L., 752 West End Ave. Shinn, Mrs. Francis A., 158 Waverley Place. 11 Simpson, Mrs. Chas. S., 346 West 71st St. Skinner, Mrs. Eugene, 891 Amsterdam Ave. Sloan, Mrs. W. J., 137 Riverside Drive. Smith, Mrs. Bache, 252 West 102nd St. Smith, Mrs. W. R., Bayport, L. I. Smythe, Mrs. E. T., 202 West 103rd St. Sterling, Miss A. W., 195 Claremont Ave. Stillwell, Mrs. Geo. G., 67 Foster Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Story, Miss E. R., Metuchen, N. J. Stranahan, Mrs. E. T., 204 West 86th St. Street, Mrs. Julian, 450 West End Ave. Taylor, Mrs. R. E., 306 West 100th St. Taylor, Mrs. T. D., New Rochelle, N. Y. Thayer, Mrs. John Adams, 101 East 80th St. Thrope, Mrs. Warren, 6 East 69th St. Tower, Mrs. James, E., 57 West 45th St. Townsend, Mrs. A. F., 36 West 12th St. Travis, Mrs. John C., 102 West 93rd St. Van der Hoof, Miss Mabel S., 84 Grove St. Van Rennselaer, Mrs. Kilian, 39 East 65th St. Wagner, Mrs. W. F., 300 West 109th St. Walthew, Mrs. F. A., 222 Riverside Drive. Weil, Mrs. Riva, 615 West 162nd St. West, Mrs. Paul, 817 West End Ave. White, Miss Martha, 18 West 69th St. Willis, Miss Portia, 47 Fifth Ave. Wilson, Miss F. M., 2338 Loring Place. Winthrop, Miss Ethel, 223 West 106th St. Woodward, Mrs. Eugenie, 204 West 96th St. 12 Program for 1912=1913 OCTOBER 28TH. New York City appropriates $20,000,000 yearly in relief and reform work. How is the money spent? The City budget in relation to philanthropic agencies. Speaker: MR. HERMAN A. METZ, former Controller of New York City. NOVEMBER 11TH. In 1910 there were 100,000 windowless bedrooms in New York City. What is the City doing to promote decent homes? To prevent congestion of population? Toward effective tenement house inspection? Speakers: RAYMOND V. INGERSOLL, Chairman New York Congestion Committee; MISS DINWIDDIE, Tenement House Inspector. DECEMBER 9TH. What is the City doing for its children? To regulate child labor? Speakers: MR. ERNEST K. COULTER of the Children's Court and MISS PAULINE GOLDMARK of the Consumers' League. JANUARY 13TH. Last year 749,642 immigrants landed in New York. What means did the City use for their reception and 13 distribution? What share have women in helping in this work? Speaker: MISS GRACE PARKER, Secretary North American Civic League for Immigrants. FEBRUARY 4TH AT 8 P. M. Four Suffrage Plays by the 25th Assembly District Players FEBRUARY 10TH. What is the City doing in co-operation with the Federal Government to stop the White Slave traffic? Speaker: MR. FREDERICK H. WHITIN, Chairman, Committee of Fourteen. MARCH 10TH. What is the City doing to promote public health? Food inspection, sanitation and the new "spring house-cleaning"? Speakers: DR. MARION B. MCMILLAN, Assistant Sanitary Superintendent: MRS. JULIAN HEATH, President Housewives' League. APRIL 7TH. What is the City doing to promote healthful recreation? Dance halls, moving-picture shows, schools as social centers. Speakers to be announced. 14 [*nc*] SUFFRAGE SCHOOLS Notebook of clippings of first suffrage schools in America. N. A. W. S. A. THE IDEAL SCRAP BOOK THE IDEAL SCRAP BOOK Patented May 28, 1901 Oct. 1, 1901 DIRECTIONS Moisten the dotted line sufficiently to soften the gum, using a piece of cloth or brush, and moisten only so much of the line as is required. Press the clipping down firmly by the edge working from left to right. The first row of clippings on the right hand page should be folded back to make room for the second row, and so on across the page. Additional leaves may be procured of dealers, or will be mailed. In ordering state number of book. This book is No. 4 IDEAL SPECIALTY COMPANY, MANUFACTURING STATIONERS CHICAGO NEW YORK U.S.A. [*Clippings of publicity given to the first suffrage schools in America.*] [*[?]7 / 60* ] THE IDEAL SCRAP BOOK IDEAL INVOICE BOOK THE IDEAL SCRAP BOOK Reproduction of the leaves of the Ideal Scrap Book giving suggestions for putting on clippings and pictures. LARGE SUFFRAGE AUDIENCE ADDRESSED BY MRS. COTMAN AND MRS. JUSTINA L. WILSON $1200 Pledge After Speeches by Mrs. Frank Schuler and Mrs. Deborah Knox Livingstone The most enthusiastic Suffrage gathering that ever took place in this City was the meeting held last evening at the Pine street church. Over six hundred were in attendance, there being many men in the audience. The exercises were opened with the singing of the suffrage hymn, the solo part of the anthem being sung by Mrs. B.V. Small. Mrs. Katherine Reed Balentine, State president of the Maine State Suffrage Association opened the meeting, her address being as follows: This meeting is being held tonight in anticipation of the Equal Suffrage campaign which will soon be opened here in Maine. We are so confident that the Republican party will keep its State platform pledge and secure from the present Legislature an Equal Suffrage referendum that we, the suffragists of Maine, have been preparing for what is ahead of us by organizing along political lines. [*Portland Projects*] We have just held a Suffrage Campaign School here on Portland where women from all over the State have received instruction in the best methods of conducting a campaign. These schools are being held in all the States where campaigns are pending; and they are giving us the ripened and condensed experience of more than half a century of Equal Suffrage agitation. This school is a substitute for the experience which has often been acquired after two or three unsuccessful campaigns. We do not want that sort of experience. We have determined not to have a campaign of education but a campaign to win-- a campaign which shall place Maine among the Equal Suffrage States, the only States where it can be truthfully said that the people rule. This will be a short campaign but a campaign that will test the fibre of Maine women. Will every able bodied woman in Maine who believes in her right to vote have the courage of her conviction, and do. The first speaker on our program is one of the South's most able and eloquent suffrage supporters. It was due to her ability and perseverance that the Arkansas Legislature passed its first Equal Suffrage bill. Our western sisters distanced us long ago in obtaining political liberty. If we don't wake up our southern sisters may do likewise. It gives me great pleasure to present Mrs. Florence Cotman. Mrs. Cotman, who is a very brilliant speaker, was listened to with rapt attention. She told of coming to this City last week as one of the instructors in the suffrage school, how she has been so royally received by the women of the State. Mrs. Cotman said Maine should be called the "Main State." She told of the progress of the women of the west along suffrage lines and said that this State would lead the others in the east by granting the vote to women next September. During the course of her address Mrs. Cotman made many witty remarks and she was warmly applauded by the audience. In introducing the next speaker, Mrs. Ballentine said: "Our next speaker is the instructor in Suffrage History and Argument. She has just unrolled before us a wonderful picture of the gradual emancipation of woman in conection with the slow and sure growth of human liberty from the earliest times down to the present day; and has filled us with the conviction that Maine is about to take her place in the great historical panorama. I take great pleasure in presenting Mrs. Justina Leavitt Wilson." Mrs. Wilson in her address spoke along the lines of the history of suffrage. She took her audience back to the day when four women met in an obscure town in the State of New York and decided it was time for women to have the ballot, then on to the present time when the women have the vote in many of the States of this Republic. Mrs. Wilson was a very interesting speaker and told many things heretofore unknown to the average man and woman. The next speaker on our program is the corresponding secretary and chairman of organization of the National Woman Suffrage Association. Mrs. Catt was unable to come herself and so sent her first lieutenant as instructor in organization. As a result of the inspiration of her lectures we have developed twenty or thirty organizers and other workers. It gives me sincere pleasure to present Mrs. Frank J. Shuler. Mrs. Shuler said there wasn't much left for her to say as the two previous speakers had taken in all the pros and against the suffrage question. She read an article clipped from the London Observer endorsing suffrage for women in that country and said suffrage was coming not going. The next speaker is our new State Continued on Page Two. In the twentieth century war will be dead, the scaffold will be dead, royalty will be dead, and dogmas will be dead; but man will live. For all, there will be but one country--that country the whole earth; for all, there will be one hope--that hope the whole heaven. All hail, then, to that noble twentieth century, which shall own our children, and which our children shall inherit. -- Victor Hugo SUFFRAGISTS PLEDGE $1200 FOR CAMPAIGN Big Mass Meeting Held In Pine Street M.E. Church. Suffragists of Portland and vicinity, in a burst of enthusiasm at a great mass meeting in the Pine street Methodist Episcopal church last night, pledged $1200 toward the expenses of the campaign which is soon to come in this State. Mrs. Deborah Knox Livingstone of Bangor, who is one of the ablest pleaders of the cause, acted as "auctioneer" during the raising of the money, all of which, with the exception of one lone dollar, came from the women. This dollar was pledged by one of the few men attending the meeting. Mrs. Katherine Reed Balentine, president of the State Suffrage association and daughter of the late Hon. Thomas B. Reed, presided, and in her preliminary address she said that Maine is to be organized along political lines. The women are studying how to use the ballot and they expect the Republicans to live up to their Continued on Page 3, Fourth Column. SUFFRAGISTS RAISE $1200 Continued from Page One platform and grant them the right to use it. "What are we hesitating about?" asked Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark., one of the instructors in the suffrage school. "We need a clarity of vision. It is not enough to say that we were born under the Stars and Stripes and to the scream of the eagle. To be recognized as equals with men we must do something more. If the responsibility of government is put on one half of the state, then the state is not as strong as it should be. Some day the President of the the United States is to be elected by popular vote, and what chance will Maine have against Colorado, with the same population, if only one half the people have the right to cast the ballot?" Mrs. Cotnam urged the women to prepare, saying that those of the East have the same right and want the same power as those in the West. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N.Y., outlined the growth of suffrage as compared with the growth of education, and said that the women are now ready for political emancipation. The state needs the woman's point of view and woman needs the development that comes with the vote. Mrs. Frank J. Schuler of New York city brought the message of Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, the president of the National Suffrage association, saying: "No class can legislate for another class as that class can legislate for itself. Women are trusted with home and children, the greatest things on earth, and yet they are not trusted with the ballot." Mrs. Livingstone was the last speaker and she made a splendid plea for woman suffrage. THREE AGED PEOPLE DIE. Three of the oldest persons in Western Maine, whose aggregate ages reached 281 years and who held the age records for the towns in which they lived, died yesterday. Francis Emmons the oldest man in Saco, a prosperous farmer and former road commissioner, died in his 96th year; Mrs. Elizabeth Dyer of Limington, aged 94, succombed to the effects of burns on her arms, received five weeks ago when she fell over a kitchen stove; and Mrs. Martha E. Thaxter of Cape Elizabeth, died of old age in her 91st year. Smith, Harrie Coe, William G. Hill, William E. St. John and Carl C. Jordan. President Robert J. Hodgdon of the Maine Sportsmen's Fish and Game Association in his annual report at the meeting of the association at the State House today, referred to the fact that the association is committed to the resident hunter's registration plan and tried to have a law enacted at the last session of the Legislature, but failed. Outside the State of Maine there are but three States that do not have such a law, and those that have are all pleased with the results obtained. President Hodgdon declares the fish and game commissioners should work up a plan, as did the State of New Jersey, whereby the State would be at no expense from this department, and the department be able to do more efficient work. He also says: "I believe that we should have more wardens, better warden service, and better paid wardens. I believe that this part of the service should be put under a merit system, so that an efficient official should receive reward, and the whole benefit by having more capable men in this department." President Hodgon recommended a non-resident angler's license as well as a resident hunter's registration fee. The report of the secretary, Roland C. Whitehouse of Auburn, gives the total membership of the association as 695. The deaths reported are: Robert G. Foster, Portland; John F. Stanley, Auburn; N. L. Mower, Auburn; C. F. Maines, Lewiston; E. C. Burleigh, Augusta; M.P. Murphy, Ox Bow; W. E. Cutler, Auburn; R.M. Lunn, Auburn, and M. Piel, New York City. The Committee to Select the Officers for the coming year, of which John F. Sprague of Auburn was the chairman, brought in the name of Robert J. Hodgdon of Lewiston as president. Mr. Hodgdon stated that he would be pleased to serve another year but he was unable to do so, so the name of Capt. Daniel I. Gould of Bangor was substituted and he was elected as president. The other officers elected were as follows: Vice Presidents - George C. Orr, Portland; Hiram W. Ricker, Poland; Stanley Bisbee, Rumford; C.C. Wilson, Auburn; James J. Pooler, Portland; Charles A. Hill, Belgrade; B.F. Field, Phillips; Henry A. Free, Lewiston; Harry A. Chapman, Bangor; Charles H. Fogg, Houlton. Secretary and Treasurer - R. M. Flagg, Bangor. Executive Committee - John F. Sprague, Monson; Charles P. Gray, Fryeburg; Thurston S. Burns, Westbrook; Charles B. Carter, Auburn; Joseph W. Emery, Manchester. Board of Directors - J. Putnam Stevens, Portland; Albert H. Shaw, Bath; Frank W. Wardwell, Portland; Chas. A. Judkins, Kineo; Blaine S. Viles, Augusta; Frank E. Jorgensen, Hayward; Albert Greenlaw, Searsport. The Association Went on Record at the session this afternoon in favor of the residence hunters' registration without a dissenting voice. Speeches in favor of the proposed law were made by Hon. Leroy T. Carleton of Winthrop, former chairman of the commission on inland fisheries and game; Hon. Harry B. Austin of Phillips, the present chairman of the commission on inland fisheries and proposed law to provide for a non-resident anglers' license. William Lyman Underwood of Boston, one of the instructors at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and known as a lecturer and naturalist, gave an illustrated lecture after the regular session in the hall of the House of Representatives on "A Strange Story of the North Woods." The Annual Budget of the association was held this evening at the August House with a good attendance. The speakers at the post-prandial exercises included Hon. Harry B. Austin of Phillips, the chairman of the commission on inland fisheries and game; Arthur G. Staples of Lewiston, George A. Phillips of Bar Harbor and Capt. Daniel I Gould of Bangor, the recently elected president of the association. FIRE ROUTS 40 BOARDERS. Twenty boarders at No. 332 Fore street were routed out of their beds shortly before midnight, as the result of a cry of "Fire" that rang through the house when it was discovered that one of the beds in a room on the second floor had caught on fire. One of the aroused boarders rushed to a telephone and summoned the apparatus. A still alarm was rung in at the Central station, and a few minutes application of a chemical stream had the blaze under control. Trimmed Hats, Half Price - "Eustis." - Adv. Tenants Wanted. Owner - I thought that apartment house I put up last fall would prove a winner. Friend - Doesn't it pay? Owner - No, it's a flat failure. The Joy of Being Boss. "Am yo' daughter happily married Mrs. Perkins?" "She sho' is, Mrs. Lumley. She's done got a husband dat's skeered to death of her." The Hint That Failed. Caller (waiing for an invitation) - Two o'clock! I fear I am keeping you from your dinner. Hostess - No, no; but I fear we are keeping you from yours. LEGISLATIVE NOTICES JUDICIARY The Committee on Judiciary will give a public hearing in its room at State House, in Augusta. On WEDNESDAY, January 24th, 1917, 2,20 p.m., on the following: An act to amend Section 21 of Chapter 7 of the Revised Statutes, relating to the time of opening and closing of polls on State, National and Municipal elections. An act to amend Section 73 of Chapter 52 of the Revised Statutes, relating to the making of false reports by Trust Companies. An act amending the charter of the United Electric Securities Company. ROBERT P. KING, Clerk. LEGAL AFFAIRS. The Committee on Legal Affairs will give a public hearing in its room at the State House, in Augusta. On JANUARY 31st, 1917. No. 1. An act to provide for mothers with dependent children. Hearing will be held in the Legal Affairs room at the State House at 2 p.m. RALPH O. BREWSTER, Secretary HAROLD. P. FOSS, Clerk. "She had her hands clasped and looked at me in the most appealing way," Miss Leslie said. "As I we[nt] into my room I saw Miss Dunn run ou[t] of her room in the hallway and th[e] man was running along side. The[n] I heard a short." Soon after Williams, the music teacher, left his studio, presumably for lunch, persons in the building heard a shot, followed by the sound of footsteps down the stairway. When they reached Williams he was unconscious. He died in a hospital. Acquaintances of Miss Dunn say that she and Williams had been close friends for more than a year. Mrs. Mary C. Couch, sister of Miss Dunn and wife of Couch, declared that for several years Couch had attempted to force his attentions on her sister but that Miss Dunn spurned him. Couch who is forty years old fled from Oklahoma City immediately after wards and surrendered to the Federal authorities at Gutherie on an old charge of sending obscene matter through the mails. Last summer after his wife had obtained a divorce, Couch is said to have sent threatening leters to her. He also threatened the life of his daughter, Mary, 10 years old, and other members of the family, Mrs. Couch said. Couch returned from New Orleans Wednesday, according to the police and that night met a friend and asked him to help effect a reconciliation with his former wife. His efforts toward that end were unavailing. It is thought by Oklahoma City authorities that the federal charges against Couch will not be prosecuted but that he will be surrendered for trial on the murder charges. NEWSPAPERS MUST GIVE AID Drawer Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawer Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawer Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawer Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawer Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawer Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawer Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawer Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawer Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . Skirt Combinations Skirt Combinations Skirt Combinations Skirt Combinations Skirt Combinations } Skirt Combinations Skirt Combinations Skirt Combinations Skirt Combinations Gowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawers, (La Grecque) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawers, (La Grecque) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawers, (La Grecque) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawers, (La Grecque) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawers, (La Grecque) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corset Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corset Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corset Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corset Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corset Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . French Gowns (Hand Embroidered French Gowns (Hand Embroidered French Gowns (Hand Embroidered French Gowns (Hand Embroidered French Gowns (Hand Embroidered French Chemises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . French Chemises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . French Chemises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . French Chemises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . French Chemises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . French Chemises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawers, (Hand Embroidered) . . . . . . . . Drawers, (Hand Embroidered) . . . . . . . . Princess Slips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Princess Slips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Princess Slips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Princess Slips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Princess Slips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Also a small lot of Mercella SUFFRAGE SCHOOL IS A SUCCESS Much Enthusiasm Aroused By the Sessions at Headquarters. Much enthusiasm has been aroused by the suffrage school that is being held by the National Woman Suffrage association at headquarters, 587 1/2 Congress street. The attendance is large and many young women have enrolled in the school. Maine suffragists are taking a deep interest in the methods of suffrage work that are being demonstrated, and they are receiving from the teachers a spirit of [MRS. FLORENCE COTNAM.] consecrated service that will inspire them in their campaign work in the State. Thursday evening, Jan. 18, at the Pine Street church a mass meeting will be held when the public will have an opportunity of hearing the instructors of the school who are speakers of national prominence. Mrs. Frank J. Shuler, of Buffalo, corresponding secretary of the National American Woman Suffrage association, who is one of the teachers here, has had long experience in mobilizing women and organizing them for action. As secretary, leader, director, organizer and speaker in the New York state association, Mrs. Shuler has had varied and invaluable suffrage experience and during the last suffrage campaign in New York, her organization methods won reluctant admiration even from anti-suffragists, who warned their workers in Buffalo that the western New York district was the been a leading member of the community, being active in club, church and philanthropic work. For three years Mrs. Cotnam has been president of the Aesthetic club, the oldest and largest woman's club in the state, and she was the first secretary of the Arkansas Federation of Women's clubs. For years, she has worked for woman suffrage and was the first woman who ever addressed the Arkansas Legislation on that subject when in 1915 she made a speech to the house and helped to secure the passage of a suffrage bill through that body. Mrs. Cotnam has been a dramatic reader, and to a rich and powerful voice adds the ability to make an appealing and forceful speech. She is witty, has a pleasing personality and in the many suffrage campaigns in which she has participated and notable in the recent one in New York state she has won many converts to the cause of political equality. A special class of volunteer speakers is developing aptitude and fluency under the painstaking and efficient instruction of Mrs. Cotnam. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, a prominent suffrage worker, is associated with Mrs. Arthur Livermore in the educational work conducted under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage association. At present this work takes the form of suffrage schools that are to be held in the 36 non-suffrage states of this union. At these schools, Mrs. Wilson is an instructor, usually in suffrage argument and history and is a forcible and convincing speaker. She has a wide knowledge of many subjects as befits the wife of a man who has built up a business on supplying knowledge to all kinds of people and institutions. For Mrs. Wilson was a co-founder with her husband of the Halsey W. Wilson Publishing Co., a great educational plant that began its existence in Minneapolis and is now established at White Plains, N. Y., from which center it sends out information on every known subject to librarians, authors, magazines and to foreign people and publications. With such a background Mrs. Wilson can be trusted to be sure of her facts. Mrs. Wilson has been in suffrage work for some years. She is chairman of educational work for the 4th Assembly district suffragists of New York city and president of the White Plains Equal Suffrage club. Members of the Suffrage school have received great inspiration from Mrs. Wilson's teaching. She views her subject in its broadest relations, and has a thorough understanding of the psychology of pedagogy. From day to day she develops in her pupils an ability to think clearly, and to use the material which she furnishes them in the form of argument. MRS FLORENCE COTNAM. consecrated service that will inspire them in their campaign work in the State. Thursday evening, Jan. 18, at the Pine Street church a mass meeting will be held when the public will have an opportunity of hearing the instructors of the school who are speakers of national prominence. Mrs. Frank J. Shuler, of Buffalo, corresponding secretary of the National American Woman Suffrage association, who is one of the teachers here, has had long experience in mobilizing women and organizing them for action. As secretary, leader, director, organizer and speaker in the New York state association, Mrs. Shuler has had varied and invaluable suffrage experience and during the last suffrage campaign in New York, her organization methods won reluctant admiration even from anti-suffragists, who warned their workers in Buffalo that the western New York district was the best organized in the state. Mrs. Shuler has also been president of the New York State Federation of Women's clubs, is an honorary member of the teachers' league of Buffalo, and is the present parliamentarian of the New York State society of the National Daughters of the American Revolution. The members of the Maine school are finding Mrs. Shuler's lessons concise and full of practical suggestion. The political plan of organization is to be adopted for Portland, and the Suffragists are eager to take up this work under her experienced direction. Mrs. Deborah Knox Livingston, State chairman for Maine, an instructor in special organization work in the school, has been pronounced by able critics as among the half dozen great orators in America. Mrs. Livingston was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and at the age of 10 removed to this country with her parents, who took up their residence in Pawtucket, R. I. Mrs. Livingston became identified with MRS. DEBORAH K. LIVINGSTONE the temperance reform movement at the age of 19, being elected to the presidency of the local Woman's Christian Temperance Union in the city of Pawtucket, R. I. In 1912 she was elected national superintendent of the department of franchise in the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and has recently done campaign work under the direction of the National Woman's Suffrage association. Mrs. Livingston has been a resident of Maine for four years and is the wife of Rev. B. T. Livingston of Bangor. Mrs. Florence Cotnam of Little Rock, Arkansas, is an able and eloquent supporter of the woman suffrage cause. She is a Virginian by birth, a worthy descendant of ancestors who gave their lives for the cause of American liberty. She was married in Tyler, Texas, and her three children were born there. Later she moved to Little Rock, Arkansas, where she has Plains Equal Suffrage club. Members of the Suffrage school have received great inspiration from Mrs. Wilson's teaching. She views her subject in its broadest relations, and has a thorough understanding of the psychology of pedagogy. From day to day she develops in her pupils an ability to think clearly, and to use the material which she furnishes them in the form of argument. LYON [???] to conduct [???] stigation, including one of the stock exchange such as he would be more [???] a cloud over the entire Congress and was sent to jail myself for life." [Continued on eighth page.] EQUAL SUFFRAGE PART OF GREAT WORLD MOVE-- MENT OF DEMOCRACY Inspirational Leaders Conduct Free Maine Suffrage School at Portland for Two Weeks--Political Methods Advised-- Story of Opening Sessions Portland, Me., Jan. 9 (Special). --"Should the defeat of the suffrage amendment in other states last fall tend to discourage us here in Maine?" was asked Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of New York state, one of the three efficient national workers sent to Portland for the two weeks' suffrage school now in session here. "Not at all," was Mrs. Wilson's instant and vigorous reply. "Nothing is discouraging! Nothing at all! Believe me, there is good reason for the growing conviction that Maine will be the first of our eastern states to prove that she is as progressive as our great West." Remarkably interesting are the personalities of these three national workers whose influence upon Maine women will be far-reaching, in any event. Two of them have come to Portland directly from the similar suffrage school conducted most successfully at Baltimore. They are the pride of the national movement and the pick of Mrs. Catt for this undertaking. Three more distinctive types could hardly be found the world over, but the first day's school was not finished. Monday, before the hearts of the hundred Maine women attended were captivated by the charm and inspiration and mastery of the subjects presented as evidenced by these trained workers. Mrs. Shuler is the business-type, alert, in manner, direct and concise in statement, a "born-teacher" with the professional air of one as she stands with pencil poised in hand, emphasizing the points she makes. She dives precipitously into her subject and within five minutes her students feel as much at home as if they had been sitting for a collegiate year under her instruction. There is an illusive twinkle in her eye which accompanies the flashes of wit that enliven her talk. She is unmistakably an adept in holding the attention of her listeners. Mrs. Wilson, too, has the professional air of the teacher, as if she had dropped out of some woman's college faculty into this little circle of students down here in Maine. But she is less of a business type. There is more of the dreamer in her big brown eyes, more of the vision in her soul. In fact, she had not finished her first lecture on the history of the suffrage movement before the spell of her influence had welded the minds of all those present into a unit of enthusiasm. Hers is the gift of infusing into facts inspiration of a great purpose. The nobility of her own concept and the eloquence of her [Continued on fifth page.] clearaway price $10 [?]earaway price $12.50 clearaway price $15 [?] earaway price 18.50 [?]araway price $25.00 [?]araway price $25.00 [?]pecial Dresses, mostly all [?]or $2.98, $3.98 and [?]rice ..........98 ¢ [?] ts. worth $1.98 and price ......... 98¢ [?]k Zibeline and Mix- [?]od styles that sold [?]ad $18. Clearaway ......... $5.00 [?]rcerized Petticoats. [?]away price ... 69¢ [?] ists, some silk, oth- $1.50 and $2.00 ......... 59¢ $12.50 Coats, clearaway price ..... [?] $15.00 coats, clearaway price....$10.00 $18.50 Coats, clearaway price .... $12.50 $20 and 22.50 Coats, clearaway price $16.50 $25.00 Coats, clearaway price.... $18.50 $28.50 and $30 Coats, clearaway price $20 $40 and $45 Coats, clearaway price $25.00 $50, $55, and $60 Coats, clearaway price $37.50 Millinery 1 Table of $4.00 and $5.00 Trimmed Hats, clearaway price .... $1.98 1 Table of $6.00, $7 and $8.00 Trimmed Hats, clearaway price....$2.98 All of our finest Trimmed Hats, such as the Gage, Gerbers, the Knickerbockers, etc., on sale at just half price. Fine Black Velvet Untrimmed Hats, worth $1.00 and $1.50 clearaway price...49¢ 1 Table of $2.50 and $3.00 Trimmed Hats, clearaway price..... 98¢ [?] bot & Richard the chorus there the night before, and he reaches Lewiston Friday night at 6.30. He is working at white heat these days. He evidently has something of much importance for the Lewiston chorus, for he a[?n]nounces that he must see eve[?ry] member present Jan. 12. Bowdoin's Extensive Concert Tr[?] The Bowdoin college musi[?c] clubs this year will take the m[?] extensive Massachusetts trip in history of the organization and the present plans of Manager [?] K. Ross of Portland material the clubs will give a series of c[??]certs in New York state. The musical clubs will open th[?] season on Jan. 17 with a trip to central part of the State, giv[?] concerts at Skowhegan, Dex[?] Bangor and Hallowell. The o[?] other date which has thus far b[?] definitely fixed is Feb. 23 when concert will be given at Aubu[?] Tentative dates have been set concerts at Portland, Freep[?] Brunswick and Bath. The last of March the clubs [?] leave on the Massachusetts tr[?] during which concerts will be giv[?] at Boston, Lowell, Gloucester, M[?] den and Peabody. The New Y[?] trip if it materializes will proba[?] be at the close of the Massach[?] setts visit. Carl K. Ross '17 of Portland manager of the clubs for the seas[?] Daniel W. True '17 of Portland leader of the mandolin club a[?] James Seward '17 of Exeter, N. is the leader of the glee club. DANIELS ASKS FOR TWELVE [?] FOR NAVY YAR[?] evening by Mrs. E. C. Patten of ham. Supper will follow. Mr and Warren flanders have charge supper. Mrs. Percy Worth, who has [?] EVENING JOURNAL. EQUAL SUFFRAGE PART OF WORLD MOVEMENT [Continued from first page.] presentation of it swept everything before her. She is the type that transforms the half-hearted into zealous advocates of a righteous cause and converts the apathetic into into energetic workers. Little wonder that Mrs. Shuler introduced Mrs. Wilson as "One of the strongest women at the command of the national." If Maine had no other imported teacher for this school than Mrs. Wilson it is safe to say she alone would be worth making all the effort and sacrifice Maine women are making to spend there two weeks in study of this subject. Third in this trio of teachers is Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, "the lady from Arkansas," in whom is mingled the type of the Southern gentlewoman and a cultivated public presence which is difficult to define. She is past mistress of the art of speaking; and this, in fact, is her special work, for what she does so admirably herself she is now trying to teach to these hundred Maine women. Her vivacity is contagious, her methods are stimulating and there is little doubt but she will produce substantial results from her two weeks' instruction along this line. Besides these out-of-state members of this suffrage school faculty, one should mention also Mrs. Deborah Knox Livingston of Bangor, who is a flame of enthusiasm on any subject she takes in hand. Hers will be special work to be taken up later in the session. Mrs. Rose Geyer, who was to come [?to M?]aine to have charge of press and [pub?]licity work, will not be here, owing to pressure of calls at the national headquarters. But Mrs. Cotnam, who took up the initial instruction along this line Monday, knows the subject well and will fill the need here So much for the leaders in this suffrage school. The class, itself, is as interesting. For one thing, it is representative. Not only are some of the older Maine workers here learning new methods, but there is predominant showing of younger faces, the fresh blood which is being infused into the Maine movement for woman suffrage. Portland, of course, is most largely represented at this school. But Rockland sent six students and the other Maine cities, all the way from Bangor, have sent some women for these two weeks' studies, so that the whole State is very fairly represented. Many of these are college women, who have dropped into these classes as naturally as if they were back on the familiar campus. They carry their note-book and pencils and they show the keen enthusiasm of the student who is always a student so long as life lasts. In all, one hundred Maine women are enlisted here to master modern suffrage methods. That the number will be considerably increased is not unlikely as reports circulate back to local centers of the wonderful privileges accorded at this school in the work planned and the teachers provided by the national. For the school is free. As to the message, like some [?] There also are four congressional districts and two United States Senatorial districts. In this way the speaker showed how essential it is for suffrage campaigners to begin work in the small voting precincts, thoro circularization and personal work being done until it is evident that more than half of the men in that precinct are certain to vote favorably on a suffrage referendum. The loss of one or two votes in each precinct may change state result, as she illustrated from the recent election in New York state, where an average of five more votes in every precinct would have given that state the suffrage. Another essential is for suffrage workers to know thoroly their voters, to know those with whom work is necessary, to know the nationality and racial prejudices which must be broken down and to deal wisely in every effort to make converts where conversion is needed. "It ought to be easy to convert half of the voters of Maine to passing the suffrage referendum," said Mrs. Shuler, "when you stop to think that single cities in New York state had twice as many voters as has the whole State of Maine!" In closing this practical talk, Mrs. Shuler made a plea for concentration of effort, for co-operation which bands the women into an effective unit of endeavor, for systematic methods and finally for that consecration to the cause which alone insures success. Mrs. Wilson, in taking up the historical work of the school, emphasized the importance this is as a background for every suffrage worker. She called for the use of notebooks and she gave references to be looked up and interspersed her talk with questions which were constantly surprising her pupils and keeping them alert on the subject in hand. The fact that she is a seer of visions does not by any means lessen her intense earnestness or her devotion to practical methods. In this brief hour she scanned hastily the status of women in ancient times, apologizing for attempting to cover so long a period down to the time of the French revolution, which is really where the historical work is to begin in detail. Two points she made emphatic, that the subordination of women has not been a result of Divine Providence, nor of any deliberate plan by men. She pleaded for leniency in judgement of Paul, who preached according to his light, at that remote period in history. From the heroic place given to Spartan women as mothers of a noble race, the speaker drew a lesson for the present day, in that we are apt to forget that crushing industrial conditions for modern motherhood do not make for that strength and virility of childhood which ought to be the state's ideal. Reference was made to the comparatively high standing of women in the Rome of Augustus, which was deplorably changed after the adoption of the Justinian code; and to the degeneration of Teutonic ideals for women until now the women of those races are perhaps the most subjugated of any among civilized nations. Women of savagery, she said, were the pioneer cutlers, tanners, weavers, artists, et cetera. But they were subject to the law of collective opinion, which was that of the men who could fight. Touching on our own national history, Mrs. [???] suaded to use any suffrage material should be given this data for continued insertion. In the afternoon came addresses on public speaking by Mrs. Cotnam who started the women at once into breathing and vocal exercises; by Mrs. Wilson, on argumentation, who follows a thoro system which she has worked out and is having published by the national; a quarter hour for questions which proved most helpful and final period on parliamentary law, conducted by Mrs. Shuler. One of the delightful features of the opening day was the summary for the purposes of this free school, as given very graciously by Mrs. Arthur T. Balentine of Portland, president of the Maine association. Mrs. Balentine's Message. Mrs. Balentine said: "As we all know, the question of equal suffrage has never been submitted to the voters of Maine, and therefore our suffrage workers have not had the experience in organization and campaign work which is essential for success. The republican party in this State is committed in its party platform to the submission of this question to the voters for early decision; a large number of democrats are likewise in favor of this policy; and our new Governor in his message recommended that the Legislature pass a resolution referring the question of equal suffrage to the voters for decision. This is something that very few governors have done. Political parties can no longer ignore their platform pledges. That day is past [?] in the national field, with transforming power. For its mission, if this could be summed in a word, is to convert these hundred or more active Maine league enthusiasts into trained political campaigners. The keynote was struck by Mrs. Shuler in the first hour of the school, when she proved conclusively to her students that with the political problem confronting Maine which now faces it, with a referendum of equal suffrage likely to go before the voters shortly, the league work is of comparatively little value. The day for that has passed. It serves its purpose in a long preliminary campaign of education. But what is now imperatively needed is the immediate adoption of political methods. Campaign methods must supersede League teas and socials, except as the latter serve a good purpose where funds are raised thru them for the suffragists who are actually toiling with the voters. "We cannot hope to improve on the plan adopted and followed by the old parties," said Mrs. Shuler. "The best brains of the men have been directed to perfecting their political machinery. We may profit by their experience and go and do likewise." Then Mrs. Shuler explained the political structure here in Maine, beginning with the smallest unit of the voting precinct which usually includes a few hundred voters. Then there are a certain number of these precincts which form a senatorial district which in Maine conforms to county lines, there being 16 of these. for recognition of women's rights before the law in the early days of the colonists. In closing Mrs. Wilson pointed out that things which were true, righteous and altogether desirable thousands of years ago are still true, righteous and desirable now. Truth and right do not change, for step by step mankind approaches the realization of more of these ideals. The suffrage movement is only part of the vast and grand world-movement toward more true democracy; it is part of the developing social conscience which recognizes every human being as a brother equally entitled, with every other human being, to all the good things of life. In contrast to militant methods, the belligerent frame of mind, the antagonizing workers, Mrs. Wilson pointed out an ideal of surpassing beauty, because she put it this way; that woman suffrage is only another phase of the unlifted Christ--the coming of Truth to the world--which being uplifted draws all men thereto. Thus the suffrage worker becomes inspired with the most spiritual precipitate of truth and outlines her work in terms of the brotherhood of man. Thus she becomes an intimate part of that great and glorious problem of the world. "The men who have opposed equal suffrage," said Mrs. Wilson, "are those, as a rule, whose social consciences have not been aroused." Mrs. Cotnam, in discussing press work, urged that writers approach the question from that angle from which the voters to be dealt with are thinking; that persistent effort is needed to transform public sentiment; that the dignity of the cause should never be forgotten; that the press correspondents should be selected for their fitness for the work. Emphasis was laid on beginning at once in Maine the collection of interviews with public men and women of influence bearing on equal suffrage, always watching the occasions when these interviews with clergymen, lawyers, teachers, etc., may be used to best advantage. Every paper which can be per- part of members of the Maine Legislature to ignore this pledge. We are face to face with a popular campaign for suffrage, and must prepare ourselves accordingly. "Experience in other states has shown that the great handicap to efficient campaign work is lack of trained workers, and, as we in Maine propose to take advantage of all the stored up experience of other states, this school has been opened as our first step to meet the situation. It is held under the auspices of the National Woman Suffrage Association The holding of suffrage schools is a newly developed plan of the National and is showing wonderful results. We have as instructors in this school four of the most highly trained suffrage workers in their respective departments obtainable, prepared to lecture on Organization, Suffrage History and Argument, Press and Publicity, Public Speaking, Parliamentary Law and Money Raising; and if we take advantage of this course of instruction the result will be a wonderful campaign organization composed of women who not only want the ballot but who will not be obliged to waste unnecessary time--and expensive time in learning how to work to obtain it. This school is our first step in crossing the great divide between the East and the West as regards suffrage. For we have resolved to make Maine the first Equal Suffrage State in the East." Suffrage School Enrollment The Suffrage School enrollment is as follows: Marian Burt, Mrs. Geo. F. French, Mrs. J. M. Strout, Mrs. E. A. DeGarmo, Mrs. R. T. Whitehouse, Mrs. F. E. Holman, Mrs. Frank Mills, Mrs. Geo. S. Hunt, Miss Helen Bates, Mrs. Arthur L. Bates, Mrs. James T. Jack, Mrs. F. W. Freeman, Mrs. Glencora Houston, Mrs. A. T. Balentine, Miss Margaret Worcester, Mrs. Philip Keith, Ethel Hinds, Mrs. John Walzer, Mrs. Frank Moore, Mrs. Louis Files, Mrs. Philip E. Chapman, Mrs. Edward Anthoine, Mrs. Frederick Gabbi, Mrs. E. E. Holt, jr., Mrs. Rufus H. Jones, Mrs. Ralph Bryant, Mary Burgess, Mrs. Eilery Fickett, Mrs. Wright, Mrs. Constant Southworth, Hazel Cole, Florence Cole, Mary F. Smith, Mrs. Geo. F. Black, Mrs. S. J. Hannaford, Miss Irene Noyes, Mrs. Geo. L. Knight, Mrs. Nellie Leonard, Edna Manett, Ethel Berry, Miss S. A. Clark, Miss Anne Burgess, Mrs. Bertha A. Perry, Mrs. Frank E. Haines, Mrs. A. L. T. Cummings, Mrs. Frederic W. Freeman, Mrs. Wm. C. Eaton, Elinor Smith, Mrs. Mildred Quimby, Miss Ruth A. Carter, Mrs. Ben F. Davis, Mrs. Maud Garfield Neal, Miss Ella Sargent, Miss Maud Washburn, Mrs. Charles R. Joy, Mrs. R. F. Mayo, Annette Libby, Evelina Pierce, Mrs. Charles Fullerton, Eleanor Pinkham, Mrs. Fred Hooper, Mrs. Thomas B. Mosher, Mrs. Sydney St. F. Thaxter, Miss Helen Coe, Mrs. Fred Boothby, Miss Margaret Laughlin, Miss Maria Rogers, Mrs. Charles Locke, Lydia Cook, Mrs. H. H. Kirkpatrick, Mrs. Edward Noyes, Miss Marguerite Folger, Edna Marrett, Mrs. James E. Marrett, Edith Libby Newcomb, Scarboro; Mrs. F. E. Woodruff, Mrs. E. B. Chamberlin, Mrs. S. E. Chaffelier, all of Brunswick; Mrs. Frank L. Palmer, Saco; Mrs. H. W. Libby, Biddeford; Mrs. F. P. Larrabee, So. Portland; Mrs. Ella F. Neal, Lewiston; Mrs. Susan L. Boynton, Saco; Mrs. Obadiah Gardner, Mrs. J. F. Rich, Mrs. Nora Wilde, Mrs. Edith West, Miss Lucy Rhodes, Mrs. Viola Garland and Mrs. Alonzo Davis, all of Rockland; Mrs. Dora Crockett, Thomaston. LEWISTON EVEN[?] [?] dining hall by Caterer [?]ge Carver. The next meeting, [?]hich will take place in two weeks, [?]ll be an all-day affair. Inside [?]inds have been put on all windows, [?] the main grange hall. Bert Anderson, Tolman Beckler, and [?] ellville Jones are appointed a com- [?]ttee to arrange for a dance, to be [?]ld soon at the grange hall. [?]ce on Sabatis pond is 15 inches [?]ick, and harvesting ice has begun. W. E. Webster & Son and J. S. [?]ebster & Son of Wales Carner [?]ve installed a gas lighting system their buildings. Edwin Hutchinson of Auburn spent [?]nday with E. S. Dixon and family. Miss Laura A. Sanborn of Augusta [?]s home over Sunday. George Woodside has bought Cal- [?]rt Andrews' apples and is packing [?]em for shipment. Mrs. W. R. Webster received a [?]ge birthday cake, Jan. 3d, beauti- [?]ly decorated and bearing the [?]rd "Mother," from her son, Erwin [?]hnson of Augusta. Henry Turner of Wales Corner, [?]o has been ill, is improving. H. A. Walker is moving goods to [?]xfield. He intends to move there [?]th his family, in the early spring. Mrs. Deanna Moulton has had an [?]turn. Mr. and Mrs. John Campbell and [?]ughter, Miss Genevieve Randall of [?]wiston, spent the week-end at the [?]andall homestead" at Wales Cor. W. W. Bennett is ill. Mr. and Mrs. Al Thompson and [?]ughter, Arlene, of East Wales, [?]ent Sunday with Mr. and Mrs. [?]esley Front of East Monmouth. CANTON. CANTON, Me. Jan 9 (Special).-- [?] funeral of Willaim Kimball De- [?]bia Turner of North Livermore. The events of her young life were particularly sad as her young husband died after only two years of wedded life, leaving her with a son of only five months and in six months after her husband's death a daughter was born. As soon as her health would admit she bravely set about earning a living for herself and children. She found employment in a shoeshop in Auburn where she worked steadily several years, her father and mother kindly caring for her children. She was a brave woman and leaves many friends here. Besides the daughter, with whom she had lived several years, she is survived by one son, Eugene Morse and one granddaughter, Dorothea Morse, both of Livermore Falls. The funeral was at Mechanic Falls Monday and the burial at Brettuns Mills. LIVERMORE FALLS. Livermore Falls, Me., Jan 9 (Special).--At the Baptist church house, Saturday evening the Livermore Falls high basketball team defeated the Rumford Boy Scouts, 16 to 15. Mr. and Mrs. Eddie Poulin are receiving congratulations on a son born, Friday. The W. C. T. U. will meet Saturday instead of Friday, with Mrs. Fred E. Riley, Mrs. W H. Wight, a field worker in W. C. T. U. work, will address the meeting, and on Sunday evening she will address a union meeting of all the churches at the Eaton Memorial Methodist church. Miss Sadie Stevens has gone to West Falmouth to teach school. Eugene C. Morse has been called to Mechanic Falls by the death of his mother, Melissa Morse. Thomas Stickney of Brettuns Mills was a guest of Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Allen, Monday. SOUTH PARIS South Paris, Me., Jan. 9 (Special). --The last of the revival services was held Sunday evening at the Congregational church when Rev. C. I. Spear preached on "Five Minutes After Death." There was a very large attendance, all churches being represented. Miss Grace Dean played a violin solo, Mrs. Luella C. Smiley sang a solo. The congregational singing was led by a chorus choir, with Mrs. Cora S. Briggs, organist. At 6 o'clock the Union young people's meeting was largely attended. The officers of the Universalist Sunday school are: Supt., Arthur E. Forbes; asst. supt., Mrs. Elizabeth W. Morton; sec. and treas., Harland J. Abbott; librarian, Howard Jackson; asst. librarian, Miss Emma West; organist, Mrs. Sadie Silver. Mrs. George R. Morton and Mrs. Albert Dean went to Boston Monday. They will attend the Billy Sunday meetings and on their return visit Mrs. Morton's daughter, Mrs. Arthur C. Soule, at South Windham. The Citizens' Telephone Co. recently chose for pres., George H. McKeen; clerk and treas., Charles W. Bowker; directors, Teliss Thibodean, Linwood Corbett, George F. Eastman, B. F. Cummings. Three tables of bridge were recently enjoyed at the home of Mrs. H. E. Wilson. An evening party of rook was also entertained by Mr. and Mrs. Wilson. News has been received of the birth of a son to Mr. and Mrs. James Russell Dyer of [?]cott, Mass., He PRES. PENDLETON[?] WILL BE BUS[?] Head of Wellesley College Visit Maine, Jan. 16-18-- The Program. PORTLAND, Me., Jan. 9 (Spec[?]) -- The visit of Miss Pendleton, p[?] dent of Wellesley college, to M[?] next week promises to be a not[?] event, not only to the Welle[?] alumnae but to all Maine. Miss Pendleton comes as the [?]cial guest of the Western and E[?]ern Maine Wellesley association A very full program has been [?]ranged for this distinguished g[?] while at Portland, as follows: Tuesday, Jan. 16--Arrive at 12 noon; 1.30, luncheon and addre[?] before Portland high school fa[?]ulty at Falmouth hotel; 3 to [?] free time, probably tea with p[?]sonal friends; 6.30, Western Ma[?] Wellesley club banquet and a[?]dress, Lafayette hotel. Wednesday, Jan. 17.--8.30 a. m. address to pupils (girls) Waynflette school; 9.30, addre[?] to girls of Portland high scho[?] 11.15, leaves for Bangor. Pres. Pendleton comes direct f[?] New York, and is due there a[?] on Jan. 20th, to speak before [?] York Wellesley club. EX-PRES. TAFT. To Address the Maine Bar Associ[?]tion at Augusta, Wednesday. Augusta, Me., Jan. 9.--The a[?]nual meeting of the Maine Bar [?]sociation will be held Wednesday at the State house and will be one of the most important sessions in [?]ts history, both on account of the presence of Former President Wm. H. Taft and because of the many important legislative matters to be considered. Ex-President Taft will arrive in Augusta on the 2.37 p. m., train and will be escorted at once to the State house by a committee of the association. The afternoon session of the association will be held at 3 p. m., in the hall of the House of Representatives. These meetings have formerly been held in the Senate chamber but the hall of the House has been selected on account of the big crowd which it is expected will be present to hear ex-President Taft. Hon. John A. Morrill of Auburn, vice president of the association will preside and the subject of ex-President Taft's address will be: "[?]ward Livingston, His Relation [?] John Marshall, Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson." In addition to the address by distinguished guest of the occasion, reports of the committees will be [?]ceived and the questions for disc[?]sion will include the following: Recommendations of the American Bar association as to requirements for admission to the bar; appointment of a committee of three to visit the College ol[?f] Law of the University of Maine; need of a uniform system of municipal courts and advisability of the appointment of clerks of court [Ja]mes H. Little of Bethel officiating. [?t]he home was filled with friends and relatives of the deceased. Rarely is [?th]ere seen such a profusion of beautiful floral tributes as at this funeral. The casket was completely covered with exquisite tokens, while the [?l]ace back of the casket was banked [?wi]th flowers which reached the ceil[?]g. Among the pieces was a lovely [?off]ering from Whiting lodge, No. 167, & A. M. and from Evergreen [?Ch]apter, No. 24 O. E. S., of which [?]ders Mr. DeCoster was for years a [?be]loved member. The bearers were [?Ed]win K. Hollis, Dr. Frank W. [?M]orse, and George L. Wadlin of Can[?] and R. Brooks Stratton of Rum[?]d Center. Among those from out [?of] town who attended the funeral [?we]re Mrs. Louise Ellis Morrill of [?Po]rtland, Mrs. George C. Russell of [?Ru]mford, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel A. [?Ru]ssell of Dixfield, Mrs. Charles H. [?]wle of Dixfield, Mrs. Rose Atwood [?of] West Minot, Mrs. Augusta Foss of [?Me]chanic Falls, R. Brooks Stratton [?of] Rumford Center, Mr. and Mrs. O. Merrill of Mechanic Falls, Stephen Pennell of Rumford, Mr. and Mrs. D. Waterhouse of Hartford, Dr. [?]bert L. Stanwood and John M. [?Ma]rlow of Rumford. The funeral of Mr. Stephen French [?wa]s held at his residence, Monday at [?tw]o o'clock, Rev. James H. Little of [?B]ethel officiating, and a large num[?be]r attending. Appropriate vocal so[?]s were rendered by Mrs. Gladys [?Wh]ite Russell of Canton. The floral [?off]erings were beautiful, including [?so]me exquisite pieces. The bearers [?we]re Charles F. Oldham, C. Fred [?Sh]ipp Fred Standley and Edwin K. [?Wi]llis. Interment was at Pine Woods [?]ry. Among those from out of [?] were his daughters, Mrs. Alic[?e] [?Fre]nch of New York, Mrs. J. Flor[?en]ce Hollis of Rumford, Harold [?W]alker of Woolrich and Mrs. Frank Caron of Rumford. Miss Lucy Whittier of Gotham was [?in] town Monday, called here by the [?de]ath of her grandmother, Mrs. Lucy [?] Davis. Mrs. Abbie L. York is confined to [?h]er home by illness. The engagement of Ralph Stetson, [?th]e youngest son of Lewis C. Stetson [?] Hartford to Miss Iva Foster of [?Vi]rginia has been announced. Mrs. Harry Gordon of Buffalo, N. [?Y.], has been called to town by the [?de]ath of her mother, Mrs. Lucy A. [?D]avis. MONMOUTH MONMOUTH, Me., Jan. 9 (Spe[?ci]al) -- News of the death of Leo[?na]rd C. Andrews, a former resident [?of] Monmouth, has been received by [?re]latives. Mr. Andrews was born in [?th]is town and had always lived here, [?re]siding at Monmouth Ridge, until a [?fe]w years ago when his buildings [?w]ere destroyed by fire. Since then [?h]e has made his home with his [?d]aughter, Mrs. W. A. Jackson, of [?L]ivermore Falls. He was of pioneer [?st]ock, his family being among the [?p]rominent in the annals of the [?to]wn, and possessed the sterling [?q]ualities of his ancestors. He was a [?s]uccessful farmer and was noted for [?h]is excellent business judgement, his [?a]dvice being frequently sought by [?h]is friends. The death of his wife nee Lucinda Walker) many years [?a]go, profoundly depressed him and [?f]or years he had been in failing [?h]ealth. He is survived by one brother, O. W. Andrews of Monmonth, the last of his immediate [?f]amily; two daughters, Mrs. W. A. Jackson and Miss Lottie Andrews and two grandsons. Mrs. Albert D. Park is entertaining her sister, Mrs. Ella S. Heald of East Sumner. William P. Morton is spending a few days in Boston. Mrs Fred W. Bonney who submitted to a surgical operation at the C. M. G. hospital at Lewiston, Friday, is reported to be doing well. Miss Ethel C. Crockett returned to Alfred Saturday to resume teaching. The Philatheas of the Baptist Sunday school met at the home of Mrs. Cora Wheeler, Tuesday afternoon. C. Freeland Penley is enroute for August, Kan., to reside with his son, F. H. Penley. The Oxford United Baptist association will hold its quarterly meeting with the Norway Baptist church, Jan. 10-11. Miss Belle M. Dolley of Woodfords, a graduate of Gorham Normal school, will substitute for Miss Mae Curran, who has resigned from teaching in the West Paris grammar school. Miss Lena Everett will teach the Mountain school. Much interest is manifested in the spelling contest to be held at the high school building, Friday evening. Prizes from the "Julia Hammond' fund for spelling contests will be given to the best boy and girl spellers. There will be two divisions, one from the high school and one from the sixth to ninth grades inclusive. OBITUARY. Mrs. Jennie Stearns, Auburn. Late Monday afternoon come the passing on of Mrs. Jennie Stearns of Auburn, at the residence of Mrs. Nettie Libby on Academy street, where Mrs. Stearns made her home most pleasantly for several years. Until the last few weeks, Mrs. Stearns had enjoyed good health, altho her advanced age prohibited much activity outside of her home. She was 86 years old. Mrs. Stearns was a native of Bethel. After her marriage she made her home in Auburn and there gained a wide circle of friends, many of whom, however, have passed on with the intervening years. The loss of her daughter, Miss Fanny Stearns a few years ago, was a great The day's program will conclude with a banquet at 8 p.m. at the Augusta house at which the speakers will be ex-President William H. Taft, Governor Carl E. Milliken, Chief Justice Albert R. Savage of Auburn, former Chief Justice Laucilius A. Emery of Ellsworth and Dean William E. Walz of the University of Maine Law school. HEBRON ACAD. HEBRON (Me., Jan 9 (Special).- The honor list for the complete work of the fall term has just been announced by Registrar Arthur L. Field. It contains the names of six boys and six girls. First honors- all marks above 95 per cent. - go to Charlotte Hamilton of Greenfield, Mass., Vance Oakes of Rangeley, Edward Sawyer of West Minot, John Williams of Pittsburg and Vincent York of Rangeley. Second honors-all marks above 95 except one- were obtained by Florence Allen of East, Hebron Doris Hamlin of Milan, N. H., and Kathryn Smith of Ogunquit. Third honors-all marks above 90 - were received by Mona Brackett of West Sumner, Eden Cook of Willimantic, Ct., Helen Brown of Madison and James Touchette of New Bedford, Mass. The students and townspeople were entertained on Friday evening of last week by Durrell, the magician. His tricks were fascinating and well executed, many of them new to his audience. The entertainment was * * * Sample of Main Suffrage School Presswork. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, who is teaching publicity methods at the Main Suffrage School at Portland, made an interesting experiment by asking the class of an hundred Maine women to write a "news-story." Mrs. Cotnam's selection—the name of the writer is not given—follows: "This has been a busy week for suffragists in Maine and the headquarters in Portland has been a busy place. With the opening of the suffrage school in that city, on last Monday and the influx of those interested from all parts of the State the outlook for the coming campaign is a most encouraging one. The school is given to Maine thru the generosity of the National association and they have contributed three of the most experienced workers in the suffrage cause to Maine as instructors. The first week, now brought to a close, has been a week of inspiration for all those who have been privileged to attend the classes. So efficient is each instructor in her particular line of work that it would be impossible to pick out any subject as being of paramount interest. From the fullness of experience won in many campaigns, from the stored information which is at their ready command, which they give out freely and clearly they are enthusing the members of the school with the desire and the determination to make themselves efficient to the highest point they personally are capable of attaining and enduing them with the realization that personal responsibility, consecration of spirit and cooperation are the essentials necessary to win their campaign. "From Mrs. Shuler, who has charge of organization and parliamentary law the students are learning that the organization must be strong in each smallest unit of the city before they can hope to obtain a working city organization; that an organization is only as strong as its units; that every avenue of co-operation should be utilized; that personalities should be obliterated; that the needs of localities should be studied and filled; that the proper person should be put in the place fitted for her; that responsibility should be demanded for every bit of work done by every worker in the campaign; and that talent and efficiency should be recognized and inefficiency should not be tolerated. One cannot help feeling in imagination the thrill of working in an organization perfected along the lines of Mrs. Shuler's plan and instantly desires to become a link in this splendid chain. "Mrs. Wilson has the pretty work of the school, the history and the argument. She comes to us with a sympathetic appeal for woman suffrage from the mothers and workers of the past generations. She has led us thru the difficulties of woman's progress in various countries from the beginning of history, until as the lessons close this week she has proven her points one by one and presents an unanswerable argument for the cause she advocates. Not content with this she is making it possible by her clever compilation of facts and statistics for every suffrage worker who absorbs her teaching to become efficient in constructive suffrage work as well as capable of finding the shoddy in the woof of the fabric woven by the antis. "Mrs. Cotnam has the press and public speaking and this course is full of suggestion and helpfulness. Thru her persistent effort in their behalf the students are learning to "speak upon their feet" and make statements which will be forceful and convincing. She has impressed upon the students that they must know what they are going to say before they say it and then they must say it in the best way possible and not lose the thought in the mazes of rhetoric or useless words. Her press suggestions are full of meat for hungry workers and we hope in the next week that we may be able to prove that we have been fed. "The first week of the school has been an unqualified success and our only regret is that there are not 500 pupils enrolled instead of 100. Come and try it for yourselves if you do not believe us. Everybody welcome." Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin a Safe and Efficient Family Remedy. Every member of a family is more or less subject to constipation and every home should always be supplied a dependable [remedy] to promptly relieve this condition. Whenever the bowels become clogged and the natural process of elimination thereby disturbed, the entire system is affected, and readily subject to attack by disease. Constipation is a condition that should never be neglected. Mrs. E. R. Gilbert of Millbro, Va., says that Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin is a splendid laxative for children because they like its pleasant taste, and it acts so easily and naturally, without griping or strain, and she finds it equally effective for the rest of the family. Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin is a combination of simple laxative herbs with pepsin that contains no opiate or narcotic drug. It is mild and gentle in its action, and does not cause pain or discomfort. Druggists everywhere sell this excellent remedy for fifty cents a bottle. To avoid limitations and ineffective The Blouse [That] Stamped With Blouse 7093—20 cents The FASHION [BO??] It costs only ten cents when [purchased] Review [?] ABBOTT [?] Lewiston Genuine [Woo?] A complete stock of Plows, [ing] and Calking Bars, Chisels [and] [man]. GASOLINE ENGINE CIRCULAR Haskell Implement Union Square, [Le??] Phone 2 Skates [S??] -10 —AT Geo. E. Harvey [Es??] LARGE SUFFRAGE AUDIENCE Continued From First Page. organizer and campaign manager, woman so well known throughout the State that an introduction seems superfluous. She is one of the able speakers and organizers that the National has to send us, Mrs. Deborah Knox Livingston. Mrs. Livingston is one of Maine's brilliant daughters, who held the audience spellbound by her talk. Upon finishing the called on those in the gathering for money to finance the coming campaign, the sum stated being $1,000. In less than twelve minutes she had pledged over $1,200 many of the men in the audience pledging large amounts. Then she called for helpers in the work of organizing and over a hundred women responded. The meeting was closed with a hymn of praise, many of those in the audience leaving the church convinced that woman suffrage was coming in Maine and coming quick. ALL PARTICIPATED IN (Special to THE ARGUS Auburn, Me., Jan. 18.--Se[?] charges have been preferred the school committee it was here today, against Daniel D[?] janitor of the Chamberlain school, the charges have not tailed for publication and are [s?] in much mystery, the entire Board seeming to desire to e[?] them with mystery. It was learned, however; tha[?t] the parents of the scholars are incensed and favor a thoroug[?h] complete investigation, they luctant to discuss the nature charges, further than to say th[?] involved the conduct of Cates the girl pupils of the school. Cates indignanatly denies the and regrets their publicity, ref[?] talk about them until the inves[?] committee files its complete rep[?] states though, that the publica[?] the charges are due to the teachers whose enmity he has i[?] and also credits them with orig[?] the charges. Cates does not ap[?] be greatly disturbed and insis[?] he courts a complete investiga[?] The janitor is a man about 5[?] [?]s the confid[?] [*Argus*] LEADERS ARE MUCH PLEASED Teachers of Suffrage School in Portland Gratified by Progress. PORTLAND, Me., Jan. 13 - The fifth session of the suffrage school was held at the Portland headquarters Friday. In the morning Mrs. Frank J. Schuler continued her instruction on organization, touching especially on committee work, the initial steps of which she outlined in previous talks. Mrs. Wilson took up the economic status of women, tell- MRS. FRANK J. SHULER, Corresponding Secretary, National American Woman Suffrage Association, Who Is a Teacher at the Portland Suffrage School. (Photo loaned by the National American Woman Suffrage Association.) -ing how industries had slipped out of the home and so become the subject of legislation. She told of the laws already enacted to better the conditions of working women and of the many problems yet to be solved. The afternoon was occupied by Mrs. Cotnam and Mrs. Wilson. Both teachers expressed themselves as deeply gratified by the progress shown thus far. The brief speeches by members of the class were most interesting, since they dealt with the laws of Maine. Mrs. Wilson MRS. FRANK J. SHULER, Corresponding Secretary, National American Woman Suffrage Association, Who Is a Teacher at the Portland Suffrage School. (Photo loaned by the National American Woman Suffrage Association.) ing how industries had slipped out of the home and so become the subject of legislation. She told of the laws already enacted to better the conditions of working women and of the many problems yet to be solved. The afternoon was occupied by Mrs. Cotnam and Mrs. Wilson. Both teachers expressed themselves as deeply gratified by the progress shown thus far. The brief speeches by members of the class were most interesting, since they dealt with the laws of Maine. Mrs. Wilson MRS HALSEY W. WILSON Of New York, Who Was Sent by Mrs. Catt to Teach History of Suffrage Movement at Portland School. (Photo loaned by the National American Woman Suffrage Association.) brought out the fact that Maine compares most favorably with the other non-suffrage states and makes a creditable showing with the suffrage states in legislation for women and children. She complimented the men of the State for what they have done along these lines and expressed the belief that men so progressive will be glad to take the next forward step and grant women full political freedom. EQUAL SUFRAGE IN MAINE Kennebec Journal's Stand Interesting. After quoting Mrs. Katherine Reed Balentine, president of the Maine Woman's Suffrage association, repudiating the militant tactics of Congressional Union members at the national capitol recently, the Kennebec Journal says in part editorially: "Sincere friends of the equal suffrage cause regret that any organization working for that cause has seen fit to adopt measures of even mild militancy in attempt to promote the cause. "The 'silent sentinel' move is a new policy by the 'Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage' and is, we believe, a mistaken one. It is not the spirit of American womanhood, nor has the splendid progress of the last few years been accomplished by such methods. Rather, let us remember, have the strides of equal suffrage been made out of the purity of woman's purposes and manhood's recognition of its justice. Suffrage Address at Portland. At the residence of Mrs. Constant Southworth on Pitt street, Portland, Saturday, at 3.30 p.m., a public address on suffrage is to be given by Mrs. Wesley J. Wilson. Mrs. Wilson is the instructor on Woman Suffrage History and Argume[?nt] [?sch]ool now women, as shown in the equal guardianship law, property rights laws and inheritance laws. Mrs. Cotman spoke on publicity. Under the heading of "special publicity," she mentioned the effective use of banners in advertising and social entertainments, which would appeal to all classes and to those not specially interested in suffrage. In the afternoon a brief service was held for Miss Susan A. Clark, who had long been identified with the suffrage work, Miss Worchester being the speaker. Mrs. Wilson and Mrs. Cotman continued their classes in argument and public speaking, and the afternoon concluded with a parliamentary drill conducted by Mrs. George F. French. Plans were made for a public meeting, to be held in the Pine Street Methodist Episcopal church on Thursday evening, Jan. 18, and among the speakers will be the women who are conducting the suffrage school. Suffrage Address at Skowhegan. The club women of Skowhegan, thru the courtesy of the Town Improvement society were privileged to listen to an address Thursday afternoon by Mrs. Deborah Knox Livingston. The affair was held in the Congregational parlors and the president, Mrs. Gertrude S. Weston, presided, having the meeting in charge. The special guests were members of the Sorosis and Woman's club. M[?rs.] Livingston, who is the wife of Rev. [?] T. Livingston, pastor of the Seco[?nd] Baptist church in Bangor, is nati[?on]al superintendent of the departm[?ent ] of suffrage in the National Suffr[?age] Association, having in charge [?of] management of the campaign [?] equal suffrage in Maine as a re[?p]resentative of that association, an[?d] allied with many other woman's [?or]ganizations. Mrs. Livingston's t[?alk] was "Woman and Her Work, special emphasis was laid upon the suffrage question, the entire purpose of the address being to show the necessity of political franchisement. Her address, earnestly and concisely given, was closed with reasons why the women of Maine should have the ballot. In addition to the words of welcome extended by the president Mrs. Ethel Whittier Ames, pianists, played for about 20 minutes while the reception committee was occupied and before the meeting was closed Mrs. Agnes S. Steward sang "The Angel's Message." Ices were served by several ladies, Mrs. Nellie Savage directing the same, while in the receiving line were Mrs. Wildes, Mrs. Green, Mrs. Paddack, Mrs. Hill, Mrs. Flynt and Mrs. Homsted. RELIGIOUS SUMMARY. Organizati No. V her Verein. as e- ne to en in ty he n- g- er dy an n. he re a- n. th n- t- e, r's it- rs rd ry u- an on is a r; s, ry n- is 7, 17, p- ior g- dn- nia, eld, nso- rton oul- ush, bers, Laurence I. TH President Deutscher College Alton W. Bush, Athens; Bacon, New Hampton, las M. Fay, East Gr Phillip R. Webb, Portla Adam, Hanover, Germa Lee, Ashland; Amos C buryport, Mass. only lent- af- Then R UP own a- ek. ered at the tourname to the cup for the chan The local club is op more members durin week, which will bring to the fifty which is t membership. Women's Murray. The Murray club w day afternoon in the George Pottle, Howe ton, and Miss Ellen G the assisting hostess Auburn A The Auburn Art cl guest afternoon M in Lib were won by Mrs. Harry Griggs and Mrs. Herbert Hatch. Those present were: Mrs. Fred Littlefield, Mrs. Harry Griggs, Mrs. Harry Roberts, Mrs. Herbert Hatch, Mrs. Clarence Lee Walsh, Mrs. George Verrill, Mrs. Harry Preble, Mrs. Natt W. Brown, Mrs. C. A. Plummer, Mrs. James A. Keniston, Mrs. Sarah Cheney, Mrs. William Sanborn, Mrs. Lewson, Mrs. H. I. Nelson, Mrs. Gardner, Mrs. Ralph Gray, Mrs. Hallett, Mrs. Lowell and Mrs. Rowe. James F. Bigelow of Thomas street is passing a few days in New York. Cannon Phillip Schuyler of State street, is soon to leave for a trip to the Bahamas. A Luncheon Hostess. Jonquils formed the attractive floral decorations at the luncheon given by Mrs. Katherine Reed Ballentine, president of the Maine Woman's Suffrage association, Tuesday, at her home on Deering street, and the guests included the faculty of the Suffrage school of instruction, now in session in this city, members of the State board, and officers of the Portland Equal Franchise league. Mrs. Ballentine is a very delightful hostess and the affair was exceedingly brilliant. Covers were laid for the following: Mrs. Frank J. Schuler, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. F. J. Putnam, Mrs. Deborah Knox Livingston, Bangor: Mrs. William R. Pattangail, Augusta; Miss Helen N. Bates, formerly president of the Mane Woman's Suffrage association; Mrs. Edward S. Anhoine, mrs. Kate L. Luce of Old Orchard, Mrs. A. L. T. Cummings Mrs. F. E. Woodruff of Brunswick, Mrs. Obadiah Gardner of Rockland, Mrs. H. W. Colt, Augusta; Mrs. F. Erest Holman, Mrs. Roy Bodwell, Mrs. George S. Hunt, Mrs. F. H. Palmer of Saco, Mrs. Rufus Horton Jones, Mrs. James Thomas Jack, Mrs. Frederick Gabbi, Mrs. Ralph Bryant, Mrs. Herbert Libby, Miss Margaret Worcester. ices wer tion jon ser Ja Mi Co Swett as a place for the safe keeping of her valuables — money or papers. But the safe cannot be opened now. Nothing in the house can be molested until an administrator or Mrs. Swett's estate has been appointed by the probate court. It is not unlikely that the name of L. P. Moore will be presented for appointment as administrator. What the safe will disgorge when an administrator is appointed is now a subject for conjecture. Whether or not Mrs. Swett left a will is a question of interest. While Mrs. Swett did not expect her own death, according to the statements of acquaintances, they do feel that she may have drawn up some papers as protection to her son, Clifford, who has been confined in the State hospital in Augusta for many years now. This circumstance surrounding the nearest heir is source of added interest. It seems to be the legal Forty expert checker players from all over Maine have thus far signified their intentions to take part in the State checker tournament for 1917. This tournament will be played in Lewiston next week. January 17 to 20 are the dates set for the games THE PRIZE. which will take place in the rooms of the Lewiston and Auburn checker club on Main street. More interest is being displayed in the tournament than ever before, and it is predicted that the winner of the silver cup will have to put up a keen game. This cup, which is now on exhibition at the shoe store of Daniel Murphy on Main street, was won in 1914 by Albert Dingley of Portland at Portland, and in 1916 by I. F. Teel of [?g]iven by Miss Edith Soule of Portland, chairman of the Red Cross Service Bureau of Maine. Anyone interested is most cordially invited. Lewiston Reading Circle. The Lewiston Reading circle's 22nd anniversary meeting Friday afternoon at the home of Mrs. A. L. Talbot, Pine street, was a most enjoyable affair. After a short business session, childhood recollections were given at roll-call, and from the dignified personnel of the Reading circle, one would never guess that they ever "cut up" such pranks. A most entertaining story by Eliza Calvert Hall was read by Mrs. Chas. M. Penney. A poem, "The Shoes of Happiness," by Edward Markham, was read by Mrs. H. C. Furbush. Much merriment was occasioned by the drawing of the birthday gifts and the reading of the rhymes which accompanied them, and much talent until then undiscovered was brought to light. Mrs. Talbot was assisted in serving refreshments by Mrs. W. H. Johnson. The date of the next meeting will be Jan. 25, Thursday instead of Friday because of the Literacy union session, and Mrs. C. O. Morrell will be hostess. This will be the annual guest afternoon and each member has the privilege of inviting three guests. Sorosis. Mrs. W. H. Newell and Mrs. Fred H. White will entertain Sorosis at the Women's Christian association building, Lewiston, Monday afternoon at 2.30 o'clock. Subject, "Aviation." Miss Adelaide V. Finch will give a paper on "Current Events." EPIDEMICS DECREASE IN THE GERMAN ARMY. BERLIN, Via London, Jan. 13.—A noteworthy decrease in epidemic disease in the German armies has scored during the second year of the war. According to official reports just published the number of cases has dropped from 51 per 1000 during the first year of the war to a trifle over 38 per 1000. The greatest number of patients 21 1/2 per 1000, were treated for nervous disease due to the strain of battle and particularly of trench warfare under terrific artillery bombardment like those of Champagne, Verdun and the Somme. Pleurisy was responsibl[?e] for 6 cases per thousand; pneumonia, 4; tuberculosis, 1-17; enteric, 1-14, and dysentery, 1-18. A feature of the report is the absolute disappearance of smallpox an[?d] the virtual elimination of other scourges like typhus, typhoid an[?d] cholera. This is noted in spite o[?f] the fact that the armies operated largely among populations suffering extensively from these maladies and under conditions favorable to their spread. The immunity of the soldiers is attributed to vaccination with preventative serums and other scientific methods of prevention. The number of men on monthly sick reports from all causes has decreased from 120 to 100 per thousand. Explained at Last. She—See all those bald heads down in the front row. He—Yes; there's always danger of a panic in a theater, so they put the cool headed men in the front seats. AND CUSTOMERS. [?]ed cost of labor, raw materials, , Cases, Carbonic Gas, Crown continue to assure the public undersigned, have advanced ten cents per case of 1/2-pt. [?]arge all Our [?]oner expert is at your service. Send for Cozy Comfort Booklet. & H. T. PLUMMBER PORTLAND, MAINE CONGREGATIONAL MINISTERS MEET The Congregational ministers of Cumberland county met yesterday at Williston church for their annual business session. The officers elected were: Moderator, Rev. Rensel H. Colby of Scarboro; secretary and treasurer, Rev. L. H. Stoughton of Alfred; program committee, Revs. W. J. Campbell, A. Davis and R. R. Morrson. The paper was by Mr. Stoughten, the subject being, "Installation," with an illustrative question and answer period. The next meeting will be March 13, at State Street Congregational church. WHITTIER CLUB MEETS. The Whittier club met yesterday afternoon at 36 State street, the subject for the afternoon being "Raphael," with Miss Lord in charge. Sh[?e] gave a talk on the painter and hi[?s] work. There were appropriate decorations and refreshments were served The next meeting will be held with Mrs. Tupper. PLAN TO SAVE MONEY. (Special to The Press.) Augusta, Jan. 16 - It is rumored tha[?t] within a few days a bill will be introduced to abolish the offices of in [*Richmond, Virginian.*] SUFFRAGE SCHOOL'S INTERESTING FEATURES Training Women in Art of Public Discussion and Parliamentary Rules. Reception to Teachers Last Night. "Thinking on the Feet," "Ammunition for the Suffrage Speaker" and "Parliamentary Law," were the subject of instruction at the suffrage school yesterday afternoon, held from 3:30 to 5:30 o'clock in one of the rooms in the Equal Suffrage headquarters. Mrs. Thomas Cotnam, a native of Virginia, but now of Little Rock, Ark., Mrs. Harvey Wilson, of New York, and Miss Anne Doughty, of New York, were the instructors. The suffrage school is being conducted in every State in the Union not granting suffrage to women. It will be conducted in Richmond throughout this week. Mrs. Cotnam took as the subject of her lesson, "Thinking of the Feet," and gave practical exercises for body and mind training in order to develop public speaking ability. The subject, "Virginia Should be the First Eastern and Southern State to Recognize the Principle of Equal Suffrage," was given the students with instruction on how to prepare the speech. This afternoon three minutes will be allotted each pupil for discussion of the subject. Mrs. Wilson supplied her class with a number of suffrage arguments based on the constitution and ideals of the government which she termed "Ammunition." Miss Doughty gave instruction for the organization and parliamentary proceedings of a society. The three instructors are all well- known leaders of the party, Mrs. Cotman having made the first address on the subject before the Arkansas Legislature in 1895. She is in charge of the publicity campaign of the league. Mrs. Wilson is president of the White Plains Suffrage Club in New York, and chairman of the educational work for the fourth district in New York city. Miss Doughty is chairman of the Manhattan borough branch of the party. This evening at 8:30 o'clock a reception will be given the speakers in the school room on the fourth floor of the Commercial building. All students of the school, whether members of the league or not, are invited. Auto Show Doors Open 11 A. M. Dancing, Matinee and Night. It's a winner. Greatest ever. Bully music. Snappy stuff. Full of life. Movie pictures of Richmond. Military and Good Roads Night tonight. Be there. Bring her. Chance to dance. 50 cents admits. Entertainments, Matinee, and Night. Grays' Armory P. S. - Whisper (confidential): Hear that Syncopated Band. MONTE D. STONE, General Manager, Richmond Automobile Dealers' Show GOWANS Positively Relieves Cold, Croup, Pneumonia 25c, 50c $1.00 AT DRUGGISTS [?]mation an[?] should be stated document. The thing been smoothed over in more [?]nding diplomatic phrases. We a[?] not questioning the existence of some such argument. Though not yet ratified, it has evidently been drawn up. Its ideas may be the same as those of this version, but they surely would not be expressed in such crude language. The strong presumption is that some newspaper man has been giving his imagination free range. America must send only fighting men, food, and ammunition. She must cut out civilians, social reformers, investigators, disguised press agents, and all non-combatant pseudo-soldiers, and fill every ship with real fighting men. This war is not a Chautauqua conference. Thus cables the Paris correspondent of the Brooklyn Eagle. The language is a bit rough, but it is not without point. There has been a little too much of the holiday air in some performances in France. For a time in which civilization is hanging in the balance, there has been rather too much football and baseball, too many university clubs, recreation centres, and week-end leaves in Paris, and too little prompt and vigorous getting down to business. The rebuilding of French villages is all right, as is the sending of agricultural implements and seeds to peasant communities close under the lines; but a vast deal of what has been so prematurely done is going to be swept away by the present German offensive, as any one who knows the country ought to have realized might be the case. No one, surely, would wish to deny to American soldiers in France such measure of recreation and respite as is possible in the hard conditions of war, or put an end to investigations which may make American help more intelligent and effective. But the supreme need of the moment is to stop the German advance, and until that is done, and done permanently, reformers and press agents are obviously side issues. It will be wise for the Administration to make public its plans concerning Gen. Leonard Wood, and the reasons for them. Gen. Wood has undeniably been a difficult man for the War Department to deal with. He is an officer "affected with a political interest," and has long had press claque. But the facts are facts is senior major-general. He was for time Chief of Staff. He has a and devoted public following [?] [?] by a [?] one is collar in color with its wide frill $6.75, several styles of slip-over to $10, handsome frilled blouses with French at once give them a character far beyond uses, Manufacturers' ocks, Reduced $3.65-1,065 silk waists, $4.50 grades- in Georg- epe de chine, pongees, gingham trimmed silks, etc. $4.50- Hand-beaded Georgettes in flesh, white few dark shades- $5.95 grades. re Justly Famous- Reduced A small $5.95 lot for $4.50. It is impossible to detail variety of charming styles and colorings where al- st no two are alike. Extra Size Lingerie Blouses New blouses in a number of styles suitable or the large woman, $2.50 to $3.75. (Saturday- Main Aisle and Third Floor, Old Building.) Coup in Capes and s of Satin and Serge 0 of $45 to $75 grade Saturday $32.50 each finest materi- inable because rev desired an araway of his er stock, even at t he might give Autumn plans. re beautiful- satins, char- le, and here bound serge, e carefully mbroidered with metal and chenille, others heavily fringed. The colors are all deep, rich tones -taupe, mauve, and shimmering black. There are several wonderful black and white combinations. One cape of purple satin, with a three-tier fringe, is the best model this season of a great French house. The linings are in absolutely correct design and color-schemes, chosen to harmonize with the colors and materials of the wraps. There are only a very few of a kind, so these wraps have the advantage of being exclusive as well as low-priced. (Second Floor, Old Building.) Low Shoes at $6 models have advanced since we bought them re-ordered today to sell for $6 example, the pumps of white Those of leather- Mrs. Thomas Christian Gordon, of Floyd avenue, will have as her guest this week Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, of White Plains, N. Y. Mrs. Wilson comes to Richmond to take charge of the national suffrage school to be held at suffrage headquarters, beginning on Monday, and she will conduct classes in suffrage history and argument. Mrs. G. Harvey Clarke, of Hanover avenue, will entertain Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, of Little Rock, Ark., formerly of Virginia, who will conduct classes in public speaking and publicity, while Misses Kate and Marianne Meade will be the hostesses of Miss Anne Doughty, of New York city, who will teach organization and parliamentary law. those housekeepers who have D. Shelor, the culinary expert, wh ch she represents to remain with u Therefore, one more week in which to become acquainted with some of the dainty recipes so deftly prepared by Mrs. Shelor, and, at the same time, to take advantage of the special low prices on famous "Wear-Ever" utensils, which is another fea [*News Leader*] [*Jan'y 25*] MOND, VA., THURSDAY, JA Noted Suffrage Worker To Conduct School Here MRS. HALSEY W. WILSON. The Equal Suffrage League of Richmond is preparing for a course of suffrage lessons to be given under the management of Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson the last of this month and the first of February. Mrs. Wilson, a prominent suffrage worker, is associated with Mrs. Mary A. Livermore in the educational work conducted under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. At present this work takes the form of suffrage schools that are to be held in the thirty-six non-suffrage states of the Union. Mrs. Wilson has been in suffrage work for a number of years. She is chairman of educational work for the Fourth assembly district suffragists of New York city, and president of the White Plains Equal Suffrage Club. "BALLOTS FOR BOTH" Distinguished Officers of State Will Attend Suffrage Meeting at Y. M. C. A. To-Night. "Ballots for Both" will be the subject discussed at the mass-meeting at 8:15 o'clock this evening in the auditorium of the Central Young Men's Christian Association by the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. The speakers will be Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, of White Plains, N. J.; Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, formerly of Richmond, now of Little Rock, Ark., and Miss Anne Doughty, of New York City, all of whom are instructors in the suffrage school conducted this week at league headquarters. Rev. W. Russell Bowie, D. D., rector of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, will introduce the speakers. Among those expected to sit on the platform are John Garland Pollard, Attorney-General of Virginia; Christopher B. Garnett, chairman of the State Corporation Commission; James P. Jones, a member of the House of Delegates; Hill Montague, a former member of the House, and Rev. H. D. C. Maclachlan, D. D., pastor of the Seventh Street Christian Church. Perry Street, South Richmond, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 2, at 10:30 o'clock. lot of Can Goods, consisting of paragus, Peas, Beans, Pumpkins, tatoes, Pineapples, Peaches, Pears, e[?tc.] Flour, Meal, Corn, Cracked Corn, Oa[?ts] Chicken Feeds, Hams, Cheese, Sausa[?ges] Preserves, Apple Butter, Jelly, Molass[?es] Sirup, Olives, Sardines, Potted Ha[?m] etc.: one Large Butchers' Refrigerat[?or] Hanging Scales, Oil Tank, Iron Sa[?w] Desk, Counters, new Underwood Typ[?e] writer No. 4, one six-foot Floor Ca[?se] five-foot Counter Case, small Cas[?e] Smoking Tobacco, Chewing Tobac[?co] Cigars, Cigarettes, Gum, Candies a[?nd] notions. One very fine Horse. Wago[?n] and Harness. Lot of other goods t[?oo] numerous to mention. Sale positive. TERMS: Cash VIRGINIA AUCTION CO., Auctioneers GEORGE V. OLIVER, Salesman AUCTION SALES -- To-Day AUCTION CO., Broad Street, [?auct]ioneers. VIRGINIA AUCTION CO. VIRGINIA GRATEFUL TO NATIONAL WORKERS Encouraged by Results of Suffrage School, Women Look for Increased Interest and Accomplishments Officers and members of the Virginia League feel that a suffrage regeneration has been accomplished by the earnest helpfulness and capable efficiency of the instructors, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N. Y.; Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark., and Miss Anne Doughty of New York City. The seed of renewed enthusiasm has been sown to bloom, it is hoped, in service well rendered, for Virginia feels that only in increased effort can she demonstrate to the National Association her deep appreciation of the privilege accorded the State League in the gift of this school. The mild weather in the early part of the week made possible an open-air meeting, at which the three instructors addressed a large and interested crowd. Miss Nora Houston, recording secretary of the League, presided and introduced the speakers. A reception at Headquarters in honor of the distinguished visitors, enabled members of the League to meet them socially in a most enjoyable way. The Mass Meeting, which is part of the school program, was well attended in spite of many counter attractions, the three speakers making a profound impression. Upon the platform with the speakers were: Mrs. John H. Lewis of Lynchburg, who presided; Mrs. J. H. Whitner of Roanoke, Mrs. Kate Langley Bosher, Mrs. Sally Nelson Robins, Mrs. G. Harvey Clarke, Hon. Hill Montague and Rev. W. Russell Bowie of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Dr. Bowie's introduction of each speaker was a devout and earnest tribute to the cause. Ushers serving on this occasion were: Misses Louise Gwathmey, Emma Sampson, Jeannette Jones, Marianne Meade, Pattie Pratt, Myrtle Barker, Martha and Elizabeth Jobson, Mrs. H. F. Campbell, Mrs. Ernest Mead, Mrs. W. Wallace Gill, Mrs. Stuart Reynolds and others. Their badges were yellow suffrage flowers and streamers. [*Woman's Journal F 10 '17*] [*Richmond, Virginian*] SUFFRAGE LEADERS MAKE PLEA TO STREET CROWDS Mrs. Cotman, of Arkansas, and Mrs. Wilson, of New York, Speak Under Auspices of Local League. As a feature of the school being conducted by the National Women Suffrage Association under the auspices of the Richmond league, a street meeting was held last night at Sixth and Broad Streets, where a large crowd gathered to hear pleadings for the cause. The meetings was presided over by Miss Nora Houston, secretary of the Richmond league, who introduced the speakers. Mrs. T. T. Cotman, of Arkansas, told her audience of the differences between the work done by the women in the days of her grandmother, and that done by women of to-day. She said that to-day there are 8,000,000 working women, who demand and should have the franchise. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, of White Plains, N. Y., said that North Dakota is the thirteenth State to obtain the presidential franchise for women, and told of the receipt of a telegram by Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, president of the national association, from President Wilson when the State came into the suffrage ranks. Miss Anne Doughty, vice-chairman of the New York City Woman Suffrage Association, thought that there should be no special difficulty in obtaining strength for the cause in Richmond, where there is so much of intelligence and courtesy. The school will be held this morning at 10:30 o'clock and this afternoon at 3 o'clock in the suffrage league headquarters on Second Street, and, if the weather permit, an open-air meeting will be held to-night. A mass-meeting will be held in the Central Y. M. C. A. to-morrow night. LARGE CROWD HEARS SUFFRAGE SPEAKERS. Taking advantage of the mild weather of last night, the suffragists conducting the suffrage school under the auspices of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, held an open-air meeting at Sixth and Broad Streets. The meeting was largely attended, and the audience evidenced a sympathetic interest in the addresses of the speakers. Talks were made by Mrs. C. P. Cotnan, of Arkansas; Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, of White Plains, New York, and Miss Anne Doughty, vice-chairman of the New York City Woman's Suffrage League. They were introduced by Miss Nora Houston, of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. The visiting ladies expressed themselves as well pleased with the attention given their remarks by the large number of people who gathered about the speakers, and on account of the interest shown, they declared that they do not believe it will be difficult to obtain equal suffrage in Virginia. SUFFRAGE SCHOOL Course for Instruction of Workers in This State Conducted by New Yorkers. For the instruction of workers in this State in the cause of equal suffrage, there is being conducted this week at the headquarters of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, in the Commercial Building, a suffrage school. The course is given under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and is being presented by Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N. Y.; Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, and Miss Anne Doughty, of New York City. Mrs. Wilson, who has charge of the school, is giving lessons in suffrage history and argument. Mrs. Cotnam, who is a native Virginian, is giving a course in publicity and public speaking, and Miss Doughty is showing the members of the league the value of organization along political lines. The school meets each day. There will be a mass-meeting on Thursday night at 8:15 o'clock, to which the public is invited. Members of the league will entertain to-night at 8:30 o'clock at headquarters in honor of the teachers. Those in the receiving line will include Mrs. Kate Langley Bosher, Mrs. Sally Nelson Robins, Mrs. G. Harvey Clarke, Mrs. Georgia May Jobson, Miss Cally Ryland, Miss Nora Houston, Mrs. G. M. Smithdeal, Mrs. Henry Aylett Sampson, Mrs. F. L. Jobson, Mrs. E. G. Kidd and Mrs. S. M. Block, all officers of the league. Refreshments will be served. [*Virginian*] [*Feb. 2nd*] THE RICHMOND THE EAST USING ONLY HALF ITS INTELLIGENCE Balance of Power Has Gone West, Where Suffrage Is Equal, Asserts Mrs. Cotnam. DEMOCRACY AND CHRISTIANITY These Were Issues Discussed at Suffrage Meeting in Y. M. C. A. Auditorium by Half Dozen Speakers Last Night--$310 For Cause. A quiet but interested audience of about two hundred women and men-- one-third men--held an equal suffrage meeting in the Y. M. C. A. auditorium last night, let by the instructors of the suffrage school, in session this week. Due to the illness of Mrs. B. B. Valentine, Mrs. Kate Langley Bosher, first vice-president of the Richmond league, acted as chairman. Dr. Russell Bowie introduced the speakers--Miss Anne Doughty, of New York; Mrs. Thomas Cotnam, a native of Virginia, but now of Little Rock, Ark., and Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, of New York. Mrs. John H. Lewis, of Lynchburg, first vice-president of the State league, called the meeting to order. Among the other prominent members of the league assisting were Mrs. J. H. Whitner, of Roanoke, fourth vice-president of the State league; Mrs. Sallie Nelson Robins, second vice-president of the Richmond league; Mrs. G. Harvie Clark, third vice-president of the Richmond league, and Hill Montague. Of Woman's Capabilities. Following the speeches a business session was conducted by Mrs. Wilson, in which $310 was raised for the cause by subscriptions. Declaring his belief in democracy and Christianity, Dr. Bowie introduced these issues of the evening and he spoke of his belief in woman's capabilities as illustrated in his own clerical experience. Miss Anne Doughty took the subject, "Outgoing Standards in an Outgoing World," and she drew contrasting pictures of the "delicate" women of old who lived up to the standards of their day and the stronger women of today who must live up to the more advanced standards being raised for them. Doctrine of Equality Started Here. "The doctrine of equality started [?S]econd Prize-- $100.00 Victor Vict[?] [?T]hird Prize--"Pettit Special" K[?] [?]y [?F]ourth Prize--Gold Wristlet Wa[?tch] [?F]ifth Prize-- LaValiere (value $[?] [?S]ixth Prize--$25.00 Bank Accoun[?t] [?S]eventh Prize--Kodak (value $22 [?]ct 4 WILL INCLUDE THE FOL[?] [?]LENBURG, NOTTOWAY, D[?] SURRY, SOUTHAMPTION, [?] EDWARD, CHARLOTTE A[?] [*Evening Journal of Richmond Jan 29th 1917*] SUFFRAGE SCHOOL NOW OPEN Many Attend and Enrollment Is Large-- Several Prominent Speakers Present Despite bad weather this morning, the suffrage school at the headquarters on Second street, between Broad and Grace, opened with an enthusiastic enrolment. A spacious room on the third floor of the Commercial building, directly over the room heretofore used for meetings, has been lent to the league, and a reception will be held in this room tomorrow night to which all students of the school, whether members of the local league or not, will be welcome. In the absence of Mrs. B. B. Valentine and the illness of the first vice president of the Richmond league, the school was opened by the second vice president Mrs. Sally Nelson Robins. Mrs. Robins introduced Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, chairman of the educational work for the Fourth district suffragists of New York city, and president of the White Plains Equal Suffrage Club. Mrs. Wilson will conduct the suffrage school for the week. Miss Annie Doughty was also introduced by Mrs. Robins. Miss Doughty belongs to the "Old Guard" of the suffrage ranks in New York. She is chairman of the Manhattan borough branch of the woman's party. Under her direct jurisdiction in New York city are 838 election district captains and thirty-one assembly district leaders who consult her relative to the numerous activities that have made this organization in New York one of the strongest in the country. Both women spoke briefly of the work to be accomplished. They were followed by Mrs. Florence Cotnam, of Little Rock, Ark., a notable suffrage worker in her adopted state. Mrs. Cotnam is a Virginian by birth, prominently connected. She it was who in 1895 made the first address ever made by a woman before the Arkansas legislature on the subject of equal suffrage. She handles the publicity campaign of the suffrage work, and will lecture on public speaking and publicity in their relation to the cause. The object of the suffrage school is to increase efficiency in suffrage work and thus more speedily bring the final victory to woman suffrage, or, as Mrs. Wilson expressed it, the unification of the work throughout the country, so that there will no longer be two classes of voters, men and women, but that all shall vote as citizens of a great democracy. OF College Wo[?] Except for the development o[?f] her mind, woman is very muc[?h] the same today as Great-grandmother Eve. Man’s chief dread ha[?s] been that she might grow too wise. Curiously, and amusing enough, woman’s first discovery when man coul[?d] no longer delay her higher educatio[?n] was that the world was full of a number of more interesting things tha[?n] the human male! This knowledg[?e] puts the college girl in a class all b[?y] herself. It rather limits her influence with the other sex, naturally and also with with the vast number of he[?r] own sex to whom all wisdom i[?s] superfluous except that which begin[?s] and ends with Man. The college gir[?l] delights in being able to stand alon[?e] beside man, not supported by him. Spinsterhood is no humiliation to her. She does not [?l]ose caste if she fail[?s] to marry. This is the chief distinctio[?n] between her and other women. Thu[?s] she is the only really free woman. She does not fall in love becaus[?e] she is expected to do so; nor fro[?m] mere idleness; nor as a passin[?g] amusement. If love comes her wa[?y] she reasons about it as well as feels. She will discuss family limitation, eugenics or any other subject with her betrothed as impersonally as i[?f] the subject were the cost of the refrigerator. She has no false modesty. She is the only true democra[?t] among women. She is honest, intelligent and usually a fiend for work; no lazy woman ever acquires a college degree. She expects more in [?a] man than the average woman does, but she also gives more in return. I[?f] she demands honesty, she is also honest. If she takes time to decide before she accepts a man whether or not he is worth the price of her freedom, there is little chance that once her decision is made in the man’s favor that either she or her will eve[?r] regret it. She has the strength of mind to put the most disillusioning tests to herself Colds Prevalent In Winter "Chief among the reason why we FREE SUFFRAGE SCHOOL OPENED TODAY FOR FULL COURSE [*News-Leader.*] Mass-Meeting Thursday Evening is Open to the Public. Classes in woman suffrage history and argument, publicity, and public speaking, organization and parliamentary law, are to be held this week at Equal Suffrage League headquarters, beginning today, morning hours being from 10:30 to 12:30; afternoon from 3:30 to 5:30. The school is free upon enrollment for the course. Admission to the mass-meeting to be held Thursday evening is also free. All organizations in the city-- civic, educational, labor charitable and social- are invited to attend. The instructors are: Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, Mrs. T. T. Cotnam and Miss Anne Doughty, all three of whom will speak at the mass-meeting to take place on Thursday evening, Feb. 1, at the Central Y. M. C. A. auditorium. [*Feb. 2nd 1917*] Richmond Times-Dispatch SUFFRAGE MASS-MEETING HELD AT CENTRAL Y.M.C.A Instructors in Suffrage School Make Addresses in Behalf of Cause. REV. W. R. BOWIE PRESIDES Fund Is Raised for Extension of Suffrage Work in This State--Pollard and Others, Expected on Platform, Fail to Appear. The three instructors in the suffrage school now being conducted at the headquarters of the Equal Suffrage League of Richmond were the speakers last night at a suffrage mass-meeting in the auditorium of the Central Young Men's Christian Association. Miss Anne Doughty, of New York City, spoke on "Outworn Standards and An Ongoing World"; Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, formerly of Richmond, but now of Little Rock, Ark., on "Practicability," and Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, of White Plains, N. Y., on "The Truth About Suffrage." Rev. W. Russell Bowie, D. D., rector of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, introduced the speakers. Mrs. John H. Lewis, of Lynchburg, first vice-president of the State league, called the meeting to order. In addition to the speakers, there were on the platform Mrs. J. H. Whitner, of Roanoke; Mrs. Kate Langley Bosher, Mrs. G. Harvey Clarke, Mrs. Sallie Nelson Robins and Hill Montague. Attorney-General John Garland Pollard and other men who were expected to sit on the platform were not present. Serving as ushers were Miss Louise Gwathmey, Miss Emma Sampson, Miss Jeanette Jones, Miss Marianne Meade, Miss Pattie Pratt, Miss Myrtle Barker, Miss Elizabeth Jobson, Miss Martha Jobson, Mrs. H. E. Campbell, Mrs. Ernest Meade, Mrs. W. Wallace Gill, Mrs. Stuart Reynolds and others. FUND IS RAISED FOR SUFFRAGE CAUSE After the speeches Mrs. Wilson took charge of the raising of a collection, which amounted to more than $310. The money will be devoted to the fund of $5,000 pledged by the suffragists of Virginia at the national suffrage convention held last summer at Atlantic City, N. J. Only $500 will be delivered to the national organization, and the remainder will be spent in the State. In introducing the first speaker Dr. Bowie declared that he believed in woman suffrage because he believed in democracy and Christianity, and because of his experience as a minister of the Gospel. In the organizations and committees of the churches he had served, said Dr. Bowie, women had showed quite as much activity, wisdom and faithfulness as the men, and frequently had surpassed them. Mrs. Cotnam called attention to the fact that the balance of power, politically, in the United States has shifted in the last national election from the nonsuffrage East to the prosuffrage West. "A Virginian lighted the torch of liberty," she said in conclusion. "I ask you now to lift the torch a little higher." "Women want to vote because they are developing something so precious that the State ought to use it, and they want to make their contribution directly," said Mrs. Wilson. The ballot, she said, was the final step in the road toward democracy, which had been led up to by the higher education of women, the passage of liberal laws relating to women and granting to them of economic freedom. All the arguments in favor of women suffrage, she said, were based on the most high and noble conception of womanhood. THE NEWS LEADER, RI DR. BOWIE TO INTRODUCE SUFFRAGE SPEAKERS TONIGHT AT 8:15 Mass-Meeting in Y. M. C. A. Auditorium - Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson Speaker MRS. FLORENCE COTNAM. Ushers at the mass-meeting to be held at 8:15 this evening at the Central Young Men's Christian Association auditorium, under the auspices of the Equal Suffrage League, are: Misses Emma Sampson, Louise Gwathmey, Jeanette Jones, Marianne Meade, Pattie Pratt, Myrtle Barker, Elizabeth and Martha Jobson, Mrs. H. E. Campbell, Mrs. Ernest Meade, Mrs. W. Wallace Gill, Mrs. Stuart Reynolds and other members of the senior and junior leagues. Speakers at this meeting are the instructors at the suffrage school being conducted at headquarters this week. They are: Mrs. Halsey E. Wilson, of White Plains, N. Y.; Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, formerly of RICHMOND, now of Little Rock, Ark., and Miss Anne Doughty, of New York city. They will be introduced by the Rev. Dr. W. Russell Bowie. Mrs. John H. Lewis, of Lynchburg, will preside, and the following have been invited to sit on the rostrum: John Garland Pollard, James Jones, the Rev. Dr. H. D. C. Maclachlan, Hill Montague and the Rev. Dr. Edward N. Calisch. [*Womans Journal.*] [*Richmond, Va.*] TWO WOMEN ARE UNITED IN COMMON CAUSE Stand Together as Never Before, Suffrage Speakers Tell Meeting ENTHUSIASM IS SHOWN Movement for Ballot Privilege Receives New Converts, and Impetus is Added Women are today united as perhaps they never will be again; all creeds, all classes, all opinions stand together, said Miss Anne Doughty, chairman of the Manhattan borough branch of the Woman's Party of New York, in speaking last night at the auditorium of the Young Men's Christian Association before a mass meeting of the Equal Suffrage League of Richmond. Miss Doughty's address was on "Outgrown Standards In an On-Going World," in which she referred to the woman of a generation ago as looked upon as a being too frail and delicate to undertake the serious work of the world. Her occupations were confined to trivial things and her pleasures were of the simplest. I was with the advent of education that the change was wrought; a change which developed woman, said the speaker, into a healthy, vigorous person well fitted to represent a half of the human race. Miss Doughty referred to the struggle for higher education among women; to the time when it was thought that no Christian mother would send her daughter to a woman's college. But the world today knows they did send them, and is now reaping the benefit of this pioneer work. Miss Doughty spoke with a quiet ease of manner, which proved convincing to her hearers. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, of Little Rock, Ark., next told of the "Practicability" of suffrage. As a former Richmond woman, fully cognizant of conditions here, she was in a position to speak of what has been done in the West and what is to be expected of the East, Mrs. Cotnam considers suffrage a live political issue, to which are due attention and consideration. She stated that within the borders of Virginia there is a large class smarting and dissatisfied because it is governed without its consent. The speaker, in brilliantly forceful manner, referred to the power of the West in the recent presidential election; how that if the woman's vote had been extended throughout the country the result would not have been so close, judging by the way the ballot went in the equal suffrage states, Mrs. Cotnam laid much stress upon the influence of the combined vote in writing good legislation upon the statute books; the child labor laws, protection in the home, the equal guardianship law, improved statutes regarding the disposition of property and better vice regulations. While in days gone by an ideal picture of family life was a cosy interior apart from the demoralizing influences of the world, now the best picture of a woman is one with the ballot in her hand going out the remove temptation from her own and other women's daughters who [?] into that was on "Outgrown Standards In an On-Going World," in which she referred to the woman of a generation ago as looked upon as a being too frail and delicate to undertake the serious work of the world. Her occupations were confined to trivial things and her pleasures were of the simplest. It was with the advent of education that the change was wrought, a change which developed woman, said the speaker, into a healthy, vigorous person well fitted to represent a half of the human race. Miss Doughty referred to the struggle for higher education among women: to the time when it was thought that no Christian mother would send her daughter to a woman's college. But the world today knows they did send them, and is now reaping the benefit of this pioneer work. Miss Doughty spoke with a quiet ease of manner, which provided convincing to her hearers. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, of Little Rock, Ark., next told of the "Practicability" of suffrage. As a former Richmond woman, fully cognizant of conditions here, she was in a position to speak of what has been done in the West and what is to be expected of the East, Mrs. Cotnam considers suffrage a live political issue, to which are due attention and consideration. She stated that within the borders of Virginia there is a large class smarting and dissatisfied because it is governed without its consent. The speaker, in a brilliantly forceful, manner referred to the power of the West in the recent presidential election; how that if the woman's vote had extended throughout the country the result would not have been so close, judging by the way the ballot went in the equal suffrage states, Mrs. Cotnam laid much stress upon the influence of the combined vote in writing good legislation upon the statute books; the child labor laws, protection in the home, the equal guardianship law, improved statutes regarding the disposition of property and better vice regulations. While in days gone by an ideal picture of family life was a cosy interior apart from the demoralizing influence of the world, now the best picture of a woman is one with the ballot in her hand going out to remove temptation from her own and other women's daughters, who go forth into that world to take their places side by side with men. Mrs. Cotnam said in closing that, as it is the proudest boast of Virginians to count among their ancestors signers of the Declaration of Independence, so it will be their still prouder boast to claim descent from those who fought for the fulfillment of its principles. In speaking on "The Truth About Suffrage," Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, of White Plains, N. J., whose address was the closing one, said that she looked upon equal suffrage as an onward movement towards true democracy; a truth illuminating the world, and evidence of the process of evolution. The results of this forwards movement were divided under four heads: Education, marking the first milestone; better laws for women, the second; third. the emancipation of woman and her entrance into the professions, where she eligible through her efficiency; and finally in the fight for potential freedom, where every argument is based upon high and clean ideals of womanhood, with which she enters the business world. Mrs. Wilson thinks woman has something to give the state which man cannot duplicate, that which she is developing so well that the state will be unable to do without. Owing to enforced absence of the president, Mrs. B. B. Valentine, one of the vice presidents, Mrs. John Lewis, of Lynchburg, presided. In her opening remarks Mrs. Lewis said that she often feared that Virginia, in her veneration of the past, was losing her opportunities in the present and for years to come. The Rev. Dr. Walter Russell Bowie, rector of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, who introduced the speakers, stated that his three reasons for believing in equal suffrage are, first that herein is democracy represented in its widest human sense; second, his belief in Christianity recognizes woman's part in the world, and, third, his experience as a Christian minister has convinced him of the efficiency of woman where he has often found her methods of conducting business superior to men. At the close of the meeting Mrs. Kate Langley Bosher spoke of the need of money for expenses and Mrs. Wilson asked the audience for funds, thus raising $315. Those on the platform were, in addition to the speakers, Mrs. Sally Nelson Robins, Mrs. Mary Pollard Clarke, Mrs. Whitner, of Roanoke, and Hill Montague, former member of the house of delegates and first equal suffrage advocate in that body. Serving as ushers were Miss Louise Gwathmey, Miss Emma Sampson, Miss Jeanette Jones, Miss Marianne Meade, Miss Pattie Pratt, Miss Myrtle Barker, Miss Elizabeth Jobson, Miss Martha Jobson, Mrs. H. E. Campbell, Mrs. Ernest Meade, Mrs. W. Wallace Gill, Mrs. Stuart Reynolds and others. SUFFRAGE PLANS COMPLETE Big Mass Meeting Tonight Will Be Addressed by Several Prominent Speakers In the auditorium of the Young Men's Christian Association at 8:15 o'clock tonight there will be a mass meeting of equal suffrage advocates to discuss plans for furthering the movement in this state. The meeting to which the public is invited will be conducted by the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. In the absence from the city of the state president, Mrs. B. B. Valentine, one of the vice presidents, Mrs. John Lewis, of Lynchburg, who is in Richmond attending the school for suffrage, will be chairman. Rev. Dr. Russell Bowie, rector of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, will introduce the speakers. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, of White Plains, N. Y., will speak on "The Truth About Suffrage"; Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, formerly of Richmond, but now of Little Rock, Ark., will talk on "Practicability," and Miss Anne Doughty, who is chairman of the Manhattan borough branch of the Woman's Party of New York, will address the meeting on "Outgrown Standards In an On-Going World." Among those who will sit on the platform will be: John Garland Pollard, attorney general of Virginia; Christopher B. Garnett; chairman of the state corporation commission; James P. Jones, a member of the house of delegates; Hill Montague, a former member of the house, and Rev. H. D. C. Maclachlan, pastor of the Seventh Street Christian Church. EVENING MEETING OF SUFFRAGE SCHOOL Mrs. Halsey Wilson, Director, Explains Object of School "We invite the public to come and see what manner of persons we are," Mrs. Halsey Wilson, director of the Equal Suffrage School, said Monday following the morning session. Very charming women they are, all three. There is nothing spectacular or militant in their methods. They have come as emissaries from the American National Woman Suffrage Association to give the North Carolina suffragists a bigger background, to unify the North Carolina work with the scheme of work which Mrs. Catt has worked out. "We are not here to legislate," said Mrs. Wilson. "It is really unfortunate that the suffrage bill comes up at this time, for some people have got the idea that we are here trying to instruct the members of the legislature. We are endeavoring to give the women the benefit of some of the working methods of Mrs. Catt, entirely in an impersonal way. We want to give them a better working knowledge. Education and efficiency applied to local needs is the aim of the school. We leave it with the North Carolina women to work out their own salvation in ther own way, but there are some big questions that apply to the work in all of the states where we can be of help. "have never been so impressed with any form of social service work," went on Mrs. Wilson, "as I am with this suffrage movement. We are full of hope, going forward with confidence. There is nothing spectacular about our work and we are so far from the methods of the militants." Mrs. Wilson, who is manager of the school, gives instruction in woman suffrage history and argument and in money-raising; Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, in public speaking and publicity; Miss Annie Doughty in organization and parliamentary law. The hours of the school have been changed to suit the local convenience. The morning sessions are from 10:30 to 12:30, the afternoon sessions from 3 to 5 o'clock. Owing to the tea Monday afternoon there will be no afternoon session, but an evening meeting will be held at 8 o'clock. Thomas H. Briggs & Sons Raleigh, N. C. The Big Hardware Men Warm Air Furnace Floods Homes With Oxygen Just as efficient, just as durable, as any standard hearing system; more economical—in installation and fuel consumption. But MOST DESIRABLE because it VENTILATES the whole house. Renews the air on an average of once every 20 minutes —promotes health. Let Us Draw Up Plan FREE Raleigh Roofing & Cornice Co. NATIONAL WARM AIR HEATING & VENTILATING ASSOCIATION FRESH AIR HEAT MEANS HEALTH CAROLINA GARAGE 109-111-113 W. HARGETT ST. Repairs your car promptly by skilled mechanics and machinery. Rebores cylinders and furnishes new pistons. Carries stock of springs for different cars, accessories and general line of supplies. Storage and general auto service on reasonable terms day and night. Free air on the street. Telephone 318 L. R. WYATT, Proprietor SUFFRAGE SCHOOL OPENS 10 O'CLOCK No Afternoon Session Today On Account of Tea For Visitors The second day's session of the suffrage school, conducted by national leaders, will begin at the Woman's Club this morning at 10 o'clock. There will be no session this afternoon on account of the tea complimentary to the visiting suffragists. It is likely that delegations from Durham and other North Carolina cities will arrive today for the school and continue through the closing dates. The local branch of the North Carolina Equal Suffrage League have been informed of a large number of women over the State who will attend some part of the suffrage instruction. A night session, beginning at 8:30, will be held tonight at the Woman's Club, but on account of an attraction at the auditorium no session will be held Tuesday night. It has not been definitely determined whether there will be school Wednesday night or not. The tea this afternoon for Mrs. Cotnam, Mrs. Wilson and Miss Doughty and visiting suffragists will be at the Woman's Club from 5 to 7. Union's Road Supervisors Meet. DAY'S LIVING JOHN JACOB ASTOR, the John Jacob Astor, four years old, has been living at the rate of $75.27 a day That is what it cost his mother, Mrs. William K. Dick, who was Mrs. Madeleine Force Astor, widow of Colone[?l] John Jacob Astor, to keep him clothed, fed, and supplied with toys, accordin[?g] to the first general accounting of he[?r] guardianship, which she filed in th[?e] surrogate's court in New York City. The accounting extended from No[?vember] 13, 1912, to Dec. 31, 1915. In this ti[?me] the total cost of keeping the child w[?as] $86,034.21. His mother received fr[?] [??]360.07 for his maint[?enance] [*News Observer, Raleigh, N.C.*] EBRUARY 1, 1917. THE NOTED SUFFRAGIST TO SPEAK HERE [*Henrietta*] Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, of White Plains, N. Y., who will arrive Saturday to assist in the work of the Suffrage School conducted at the Woman's Club on Hillsboro street, is associated with Mrs. Mary A. Livermore in the educational work conducted under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. At present this work takes the form of suffrage schools that are to be held in the thirty-six non-suffrage states of the Union. At these schools, Mrs. Wilson is an instructor, usually in suffrage arguments and history, and is a forcible and convincing speaker. She has a wide knowledge of many subjects as befits the wife of a man who has built up a business on supplying knowledge to all kinds of people and institutions. For Mrs. Wilson was a co-founder with her husband of the Halsey W. Wilson Publishing Company, a great educational plant that began its existence in Minneapolis, and is now established in White Plains, N. Y., from which center it sends out information on every known subject to librarians, authors, magazines and to foreign people and publications. With such a background Mrs. Wilson can be trusted to be sure of her facts. Mrs. Wilson has been in suffrage work for some years. She is chairman of educational work for the fourth assembly district suffragists of New York City and president of the White Plains Equal Suffrage Club. ER RSDAY M[?] The Most Magnificent Production of All Time D. W. Giffith's Colossal $2,000,000 Spectacle "INTOLERANCE" Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages of this place. The groom is also of this place, and is a well known and prominent business man. They will make their home at Belgrade. Holt-Sanders. Smithfield, Jan. 31.--Last evening at eight o'clock, at the residence of Postmaster and Mrs. Alfred Marsh Sanders, the parents of the bride, Mr. Edgar Alexander Holt, of Princeton, N. C., and Miss Cornelia Sanders were married, Rev. S. A. Cotten, of the Methodist church, the bride's pastor, officiating. There were no attendants and the wedding was simple in every detail, only the immediate families and a very few intimate friends being present. The bride wore a tailored suit of midnight blue cloth, with accessories to match, which was exceedingly becoming to her pignant type of brunette beauty. A sumptuous supper was served, and Mr. and Mrs. Holt left immediately for their return home in Princeton, where Mr. Holt is proprietor of a large mercantile business. Mrs. Holt has been prominent in the social life of Smithfield, and the good wishes of a host of girlhood friends follow her into her new home. The out-of-town guests were Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Hood, of Kinston; Miss Holt, of Princeton, and Miss Daisy Green, of Raleigh. TOURISTS INVITED TO these deaths will be caused by falls 11,000 by railways, 11,000 by vehicula[?r] accidents, mainly automobile accidents and 8,500 by drowning. Total automobile accidents in the United States have increased from 6.5 per million population in 1907 to 59.3 in 1915, but street car accidents have decreased from 38 per million 1910 to 28 in 1915. The fire hazard continues to cause a large loss of life and accidental poisonings have not been reduced to the extent required. "While the accident problem is slowly clearing up," says the State Board of Health, "there is not a more serious problem demanding attention from every point as this one does. Accident[?s] befall bread winners more than any other class of people. They are a caus[?e] of dependency next to sickness. They are tragedy makers. Where there is one death due to an accident there are hundreds of injuries and men and women are often incapacitated for life." The board thinks that there should be a more general regard for and adoption of safety measures and that these should be enforced by legislation wherever the need demands it. FAB. P. BROWN PRACTICE AND LAW TAUGHT LAST NIGHT Slippery Streets and Biting Weather Did Not Deter Pupils From Suffrage School Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, director of the school, Mrs. Florence Cotnam and Miss Anne Doughty, suffrage instructors, discussed to a capacity audience at the Woman's Club last night the principal arguments in favor of equal suffrage; taught them by practice the most effective forms of public speaking and delved into the intricacies of parliamentary law. It was the fourth session of a school for North Carolina advocates of Equal Rights. Hard packed snow that made walking an art instead of an exercise, did not deter local and visiting suffragists from attending the night session yesterday. And those who were on hand were ardent enough in their studies to respond promptly when invited to "take the floor." The first of these, during Mrs. Cotnam's lecture period, discussed the need of women in the Red Cross Work and the opportunities afforded women by the war to work in the bigger things of life. Mrs. Clark, a local suffragist, said that frequently she came in contact with youths without political inclination and that in order for them to be able to cast a vote it had been her prerogative to see that they were registered, to inform them of the date of election, tell them where to go to vote and, finally, tell them how to vote. This came parenthetically and in refutation of the oft made statements that women do not understand politics. Tells of Handicap. Mrs. T. P. Jerman told of the handicaps the club women of Raleigh had met in their efforts for civic betterment, their denials at the hands of the municipal officers and reform measures they yet hope for. The unsettled question of a city milk inspector, the appointment of which would mean an alleviation of the infant death rate chargeable to milk conditions, was among the things the Raleigh women have insisted upon. Mrs. C. E. Johnson followed Mrs. Jerman and told of the presentation to the city officers of long petitions asking for improvements which were politely denied. "The commissioners heartily agree with your arguments, they listen attentively to your reasoning, but plead 'insufficient funds' and courteously usher you away with profuse regrets of their inability to help." Under the main divisions of Evolution and Democracy, Mrs. Wilson divided woman's present-day achievements as the accomplishment of getting higher education, improved legal status and business emancipation to which they hope to add political freedom. Democracy, founded upon taxation without representation; "all governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed"; Lincoln's hope for Americanism; "A government of the people, by the people and for the people"; the fact that it would be expedient for the State to enfranchise women —all these constituted the principal arguments she offered her scholars last night. She pointed out that to give women the vote would: First, decrease illiterate electorate; second, increase the native born vote, and third, increase the moral vote. There are today one- third more girls graduating from high school than boys; one-third of our immigrants are women and there are three times as many native born women as there are men and women immigrants and only 5 per cent of our criminals are women, of which one-half of 1 per cent are the immoral class. School will open this morning at 10:30 and continue for two hours and this afternoon at 3 and continue until 5. There will be no session tonight. [?C]heering [?W]ord in the English language is [?W]ELCOME if so dress up in Boone's will be yours. ues? if so, you'll find your vice? It's at Boone's. Wel- 's. ND SEE" I Ask the values, service and the or you at Boone's. of Hats and Shirts come among your friends. vors a well dressed man and p at Boone's. OONE er, Raleigh, N. C. iness School not only assisted all of its gradu- employment for 85 per cent more h fact is convincing proof of the s. LEDNUM, President. Jeff's Woodpecker is a ELL IT BUT, MUTT, HE CAN'T DO NY MORE ARM. I'VE GOT HIM IN A CAGE WHAT THE- Suffrage League Gave Beautiful Tea The RALEIGH Equal Suffrage League gave a beautiful tea on Monday afternoon from 5 to 7 o'clock at the Woman's Club complimentary to Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, Mrs. T. T. Cotnam and Miss Annie Doughty, members of the American National Woman Suffrage Association who are conducting the suffrage school in the city. Many guests called during the receiving hours enjoying the hospitality of the RALEIGH suffragists and the opportunity of meeting the national suffragists. The guests were not all women. Gallatin Roberts representative from Buncombe county; who introduced the suffrage bill in the Legislature, and John Boushall, president of the first voters Wilson league, were among the callers. Soft shaded lights, decorations of long leaf pine and the suffrage color, yellow made the club unusually attractive. Tea and sandwiches, mints and salted nuts were served. It was a congenial crowd that had much in common to talk of and the reception was one of the most delightful social features of the week. Miss Martha Haywood, president of the RALEIGH league, Mrs. Palmer Jerman, vicep residnet, headed the receiving line in the rose room. Receiving with them were the guests of honor, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, Miss Annie Doughty and Mrs. T. T. Cotnam. Others in the line were Mrs. Margaret Busbee Shipp and Mrs. Alfred Williams. Mrs. W. A. Graham and Miss Elsie Riddick received the guests in the hall as they arrived. Between the rose room and the refreshment room were Miss Lillian Thompson and Mrs. Henry Turner. Dr. Delia Dixon-Carroll and Mrs. William J. Andres received in the refreshment room. Tea was poured by Mrs. Clarence A. Shore. Assisting in serving were Misses Florence Busbee, Sue Kitchin, Elizabeth Dorteh, Engenia Clark, Betsy John Haywood, Margaret Ellington, Katharine Crews, Elizabeth Telfair, Agnes Cotten Timberlake, Katherine and Elizabeth Baker, Anna Ball Thomas, Margaret Raney, Virginia Royster, Jane Grimes and Gladys Dewar. Mrs. W. N. Hutt and Miss Sallie Dortch received the guests as they passed out from the refreshment room. There were many out of town guests among a number of prominent club women and suffragists. THE SUFFRAGE SCHOOL. We believe in the value of systematic organization. We know of no army that could ever hope to obtain victory which was not organized and directed. That political party which goes into the field of contest without any plan of campaign is pretty apt to be driven to the wall. So we think that wisdom is being shown by the advocates of "votes for women" in their program of giving instruction in the matters of equal suffrage to those women who are seeking to obtain the ballot. That such instruction is given the name of a suffrage school is only as a matter of distinction, all that is sought being to give to the suffragists the arguments held to be needed and instruct them in the plans for securing the approval of the people for their cause. This morning there begins in Raleigh a suffrage school. We believe that the instruction given at it will not alone be of value to the women, but likewise to the State. It might well be recognized by the opponents of woman suffrage that we are in the midst of a thinking age, and that women are taking steps to put their arguments before Legislatures and the voters in the best form shows their wisdom. Indeed it shows that they know the worth of the ballot and are equipping themselves to secure that right for which men have yielded up their lives. We commend the suffrage leaders in the program of study and preparation and organization which they have arranged. And we believe that the results will fully justify all the effort that they have put into this plan of campaign for the ballot. WEDNESDAY MORNING, J-- SUFFRAGE SCHOOL OPENS SATURDAY Sessions Will Begin With Public Meeting in Courthouse at 8 O'clock PROMINENT INSTRUCTORS Campaign, Educational, Parliamentary and Financial Questions To Be Studied; Legislative Committee Active and Large Representation Expected On Tuesday The suffrage school for women of North Carolina that will open with a public meeting in the court house here Saturday night at 8 o'clock will attract to Raleigh many women from over the State who are lending their efforts toward a movement that is rapidly crystallizing into universal suffrage. The Equal Suffrage League of the State is very anxious that the public understand the purpose of the school which at this time has no bearing [?] senti- OPENS SATURDAY Session Will Begin With Public Meeting in Courthouse at 8 O'clock PROMINENT INSTRUCTORS Campaign, Educational, Parliamentary and Financial Questions To Be Studied; Legislative Committee Active and Large Representation Expected on Tuesday The suffrage school for women of North Carolina that will open with a public meeting in the court house here Saturday night at 8 o'clock will attract to Raleigh many women from over the State who are lending their efforts toward a movement that is rapidly crystallizing into universal suffrage. The Equal Suffrage League of the State is very anxious that the public understand the purpose of the school which at this time has no bearing upon, or no tendency to create, sentiment favorable to any legislation now pending before the General Assembly. The purpose of the school is to afford the women of the State who are interested in the suffrage movement an opportunity to study the question under three well known suffrage leaders of national fame, who come to Raleigh as representatives of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Questions of parliamentary law, campaign work, educational standards and the financial side of the movement are to be discussed by Miss Anne Doughty, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson and Mrs. Florence Cotnam. Miss Doughty has a practical knowledge of parliamentary law gained from presiding at many meetings, and she can make a vigorous suffrage speech. As she has been prominent in literary and dramatic circles in New York, she is able to present her arguments in a striking fashion. She infuses into her public addresses, too, a broad cosmopolitan spirit gained by many years of residence in Paris and other European cities. Mrs. Wilson, a prominent suffrage worker, is associated with Mrs. Mary A. Livermore in the educational work conducted under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. At present this work takes the form of suffrage schools that are being held in the non-suffrage States of the Union. She has a wide knowledge and the North Carolina league considers itself fortunate in securing Mrs. Wilson as one of the instructors at the school. Virginian Will Speak. Mrs. Cotnam, a Virginian by birth, a descendant of ancestors who gave their lives for the cause of American liberty, is an able and eloquent supporter of the cause. She comes from Little Rock, Ark., where she has been a leading member of the community, active in club, Church and philanthropic work and was the first women who ever addressed the Arkansas Legislature on the subject of woman suffrage. Mrs. Cotnam is a dramatic reader, witty, of pleasing personality, and to a rich and powerful voice adds the ability to make an appealing and forceful speech. The sessions of the school, with the exception of the opening session Saturday night at the Wake county court house, will be held at the Woman's Club on Hillsboro street and will be open to any one interested in the discussions. Raleigh will be the only point in North Carolina where a suffrage school will be held and with speakers of wide experience as those enumerated, representatives of suffrage organizations throughout the State are expected to attend. At least two, and possibly three, night sessions of the school will be held for the benefit of suffrage instruction to the women in Raleigh who cannot attend the day meetings. Following the Saturday night session the school will formally open on Monday morning and will continue through Wednesday night, with possibly three sessions daily. This question of whether there will be a night session each day of the school has not yet been determined. Suffrage Bill Up Tuesday. The municipal suffrage bill, introduced in the House by Representative RALEIGH SUFFRAGISTS TRULY DEMOCRATIC Deplore Centralization of The Government in Washington "The South has such an inborn ideas of the truest form of democracy that we don't want anything either by the State legislature or by Congress until the people want it." one of the RALEIGH members of the RALEIGH Equal Suffrage League said Tuesday morning when one of the instructors in the suffrage school urged the league to support the federal amendment. "We deplore the centralization of government in Washington," another RALEIGH suffragist added. "The world trouble today is occasioned through just such a centralization of power." The RALEIGH league has made remarkable progress, not only in the number of members enrolled but in the support and sympathy it has met with from the people of the city. The women who are holding the school here remarked in the lack of opposition to the movement which they have found in RALEIGH. There appeared to be no antis among the guests who called at the suffrage tea Monday afternoon. If not actively numbered among the suffragists the guests were frankly on the fence or not opposed to the movement. Where opopsition could easily have been stirred up the RALEIGH Suffrage League has moved along its course and managed its work of educating and interesting the men and women of the city in the suffrage movement in such a manner as to awaken respect and sympathy instead of ridicule and opposition. "The seeming content, which one [?of] the instructors in the school thought marked the women of North [?C]arolina, is not content, but the sense of good breeding and good taste which prefers to wait in patience rather than to get anything through commotion," one of the members of the RALEIGH league explained. The last session of the school will be held Wednesday afternoon at 2:30. Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Cotnam and Miss Doughty will leave on the evening train for Columbia, S. C., to hold a school. The morning session Wednesday will be at 10 o'clock. A session was held Tuesday afternoon at 3. Owing to the concert at the auditorium there will be no evening session Tuesday. Oppose Excess Profits [?] On Munitions SUFFRAGE LEADERS OPEN CAMPAIGN IN CITY OF RALEIGH "The Truth About Woman Suffrage, Its Practicability, Ooutworn Standards in an Outgoing World." were themes discussed Saturday night at the county courthouse by thre representatives of the National Suffrage Association, who were warmly greeted by an audience that was larger than local friends of the cause had hoped for when they reminded themselves of the cold which is extreme for this section. Mrs. Florence Cotnam, Miss Annie Doughty and Mrs. Halson W. Wilson, the visitors, discussed with ability the need for votes for women and the prospects of securing them. Miss Doughty, who treated outworn standards, was surprised, she said, to find women of this state apparently contented with their lot. The new woman is here to stay, declared Miss Doughty, and she wants a hand in the administration of the affairs which closely concern her. Miss Doughty's chief desire was to make North Carolina women discontented with their condition in the world of affairs political. Mrs. Cotnam, telling of the growth of suffrage, told her hearers that the last election, if nothing else, had proved the practicability of suffrage. She also wondered what would be done in regard to the right of suffrage which the women of the Danish West Indie have. Will the United States deprive half the people of these islands of their rights? she asked. The desire for suffrage, declared Mrs. Wilson is an inheritance of women and not a result of outside interference. Taxation without representation outrages one's sense of justice now as much as it did when the Revolutionary War was brought on by it. The government, being by men and of men, has not reached the point where it is for all the people. The movement is toward a real democracy and that is one of the main reasons the women are a part of it. The suffrage school, which opened Saturday at the Woman's Club, will be conducted buy Mrs. Wilson, Miss Doughty and Mrs. Cotnam. Mrs. Wilson will instruct in history and argument, Mrs. Cotnam in press, publicity and public meeting and Miss Doughty in organization and parliamentary law. CLOSED SESSIONS HELD YESTERDAY Suffrage School Ends With Afternoon Session Today; Instructors Go to Columbia Closed sessions for the discussion of matters relating to the financing of the suffrage movement, a continuation of public speaking practice, exemplified argument and a study of parliamentary law comprised the work of the suffrage school at the Woman's Club yesterday. Today's school opens one-half hour earlier, at 10 o'clock, and will continue through for two hours, and the afternoon session will begin at 2:30 and continue through until 4:30. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, director of the school, and Mrs. Florence Cotnam and Miss Anne Doughty, the other instructors, leave at 5:20 this afternoon for Columbia where they are to conduct a school for South Carolina suffragists similar to the one closing here this afternoon. The instructors, who come from the National American Woman Suffrage Association, are delighted over the prospects of the cause in North Carolina. Mrs. Wilson said yesterday that she found the women of this State wide-awake and that an early realization of their hopes was inevitable with the determination they are manifesting in forwarding the movement for equal rights. Although weather conditions have been unfavorable for the suffrage advocates to attend the school, a large number have been present at every session of the school and prospects for the closing sessions today indicate an even better attendance. The visiting suffragists are very hopeful for the passage of pending legislating in the General Assembly. They, of course, let it be known emphatically that their visit to North Carolina at this time had no bearing upon the municipal suffrage bill but considered it well drawn and of a progressive nature. Roberts and reported favorably by the committee on revision of the laws, will come up in the House for passage next Tuesday, the measure having been set for a special order on that day. The advocates of the bill and members of the legislative committee are arriving and by Tuesday many prominent women and men who are supporting the movement will be here for the battle. Miss Margaret Berry of Charlotte, a practicing attorney of the Mecklenburg capitol, arrived some days ago to be active in the preliminary work of the committee and before Tuesday Miss Julia Alexander, another Charlotte lawyer, and Mrs. T. W. Lingle, president of the State Federation of Woman's Clubs, will be here for the debate on the special order bill. COMES TO SCHOOL [*The State, [Raleigh] Columbia, S.C. Feb. 4, '17*] Mrs. H. W. Wilson, Interesting Educator, Will Teach Suffragists. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, a prominent suffrage worker, is associated with Mrs. Mary A. Livermore in the educational work conducted under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage association. At present this work takes the form of [*Henrietta*] MRS. HALSEY WILSON suffrage schools that are to be held in the 36 nonsuffrage States of the Union. At these schools Mrs. Wilson is an instructor, usually in suffrage arguments and history and is a forcible and convincing speaker. She has a wide knowledge of many subjects as befits the wife of a man who has built up a business on supplying knowledge to all kinds of people and institutions. For Mrs. Wilson was a cofounder with her husband of the Halsey W. Wilson Publishing company, a great educational plant that began its existence in Minneapolis and is now established at White Plains, N. Y., from which centre it sends out information on every known subject to librarians, authors, magazines and to foreign people and publications. With such a background Mrs. Wilson can be trusted to be sure of her facts. Mrs. Wilson has been in suffrage work for some years. She is chairman of educational work for the Fourth Assembly district suffragists of New York city, and president of the White Plains Equal Suffrage club. [*Columbia Record*] COLUMBIA, S. C. FEBRUARY 9, 1917 INTEREST GROWS IN SUFFRAGE SCHOOL Instructors Handle Subjects Skilfully and Keep Within Time Limit Allotted. Interest in the suffrage school grows rapidly and the attendance has grown from about 38 at the first class to an attendance taxing the capacity of the assembly room at the Y. M. C. A. The three instructors, Mrs. Halsey Wilson, suffrage history and argument; Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, public speaking and publicity, and Miss Anne Doughty, organization, handle their subjects skilfully and inspire interest and enthusiasm, and South Carolina will feel the influence of this course of instruction so carefully planned by the national association and so efficiently executed by its officers. Branches Interdependent. Although each of the instructors has her branch of study, these are so interdependent as to form a smooth and finished whole, and in all departments the workers will find encouragement and inspiration. In order to do effective work, there must be organization, and here Miss Doughty gives clear and helpful advice and suggestion; then there must come public speaking and publicity work, and this is Mrs. Cotnam's branch, and in order to make effective speeches, the speakers mush be informed in suffrage history and argument, and in order to carry on their work in all of these branches, money is needed, and on these subjects Mrs. Wilson is i nher element and presses home her points. Short Talks This Evening In regard to the meeting this evening, Mrs. Wilson stressed several points. First of all, that the meeting will begin promptly at 8:30 o'clock. In this regard, the school has been a most valuable lesson. The sessions begin on the minute, each speaker is confined to her allotted time, and the class is ended immediately at the close of the hours named. Those who are not prompt miss what happens, and those who are not prompt this evening will also miss what happens. Mrs. Wilson also announced that, although there would be three addresses, these will be limited to 20 minutes each, and following precedent, this means 20 minutes. After the address, there will be a short time to discuss several points, after which the audience will be invited to remain and meet the speakers and be the guests of the Columbia league. BELL-ANS Absolutely Removes Indigestion. One package proves it. 25c at all druggists. SUFFRAGE SCHOOL WILL END TODAY [*The State, Columbia, S.C. Feb. 10*] Morning and Afternoon Sessions Arranged--Course Keeps Students Highly Interested A larger attendance of women marked the second day of the South Carolina Suffrage school, being conducted under the auspices of the naitonal association. Mrs. Justina Leavitt Wilson continued her instruction in suffrage history and argument, and Mrs. T. T. Cotnam gave a practical turn to her teaching on public speaking by calling for volunteer speeches at the afternoon session. Several members of the class responded, the general topic being "Why Should Women of South Carolina Have the Ballot" Miss Anne Doughty, in connection with her talk on parliamentary law, gave a concretae lesson in political economy. "Organization" is her other topic and on this, too, she gave practical suggestions and instruction. The school ends with two sessions today, from 11 to 1 o'clock in the morning, and from 3:30 to 5:30 in the afternoon, all sessions being held at the Y. M. C. A. SUFFRAGE SCHOOL FULL OF INTEREST Couse Conducted by Three Lecturers Attracts Women From Several Other Towns. With intense interest and earnestness half a hundred women attended two sessions of the South Carolina equal suffrage school yesterday, sitting under the instruction of the three interesting women sent here by the national organization--Mrs. Justiana Leavitt Wilson of New York, Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Arkansas and Miss Anne Doughty of New York. The hours of the sessions for the remaining two days of the school have been changed to 11-1 o'clock in the morning and 3:30 to 5:30 in the afternoon. This evening a general suffrage rally will be held in the auditorium of the high school beginning at 8 o'clock. Each of the three instructors will make an address and the meeting will be followed by a reception in their honor, to be held in the lobby of the school. The public is cordially invited to attend both the speaking and the reception. Yesterday afternoon the three visitors were given an automobile ride around the city after the afternoon session. Mrs. Wilson is being entertained by Dr. Jane Bruce Guignard, president of the Columbia Equal Suffrage league; Mrs. Cotnam is with Mrs. Frederick Munsell on Green street and Miss Doughty is Mrs. T. I. Weston's guest. Mrs. Wilson, who is the manager of the school, gave a word of greeting at the opening session from the national organization and emphasized at the outstart the advisability of putting into operation Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt's plan--the central idea of which is unification--the understanding of suffrage as a part of the great movement of democracy. Mrs. Cotnam at the morning session talked on publicity and the importance of getting and keeping the subject of equal suffrage before the people and in the afternoon she instructed in public speaking. In this latter lecture she gave some helpful vocal exercises and sketched the outline of a speech, giving the correct construction and proper sequence of argumentative points. Mrs. Cotnam, who is a Virginia woman, though now living in Little Rock, blends a delightful humor into her counsels and instruction and thus holds the closer her hearers' attention. Miss Doughty taught only at the morning session yesterday, her subject being "Organization." Her contagious energy and enthusiasm give vigor and force to her remarks, her allotted time being taken up with a brief outline of the suffrage movement in New York city and an explanation of what she terms a "down to the voter campaign," which is to say a systematic canvass of the opinions of persons in a town or community or ward and then a tactful attempt at conversion of each to the cause. Already, declared Miss Doughty, suffragists have "arrived" politically in this country. No longer can they be disregarded, for they have now grown to be an important part of the body politic of the United States. Mrs. Wilson is a dignified, womanly woman. Her lectures, both morning and afternoon, were devoted to a broad world history of the woman suffrage movement. Sketching the background of the present movement, she mentioned numerous women of force and power standing out through the various ages and epochs of history, who would today be called suffragists. At the afternoon session Mrs. Wilson also talked on money raising--the psychology and methods of procuring funds for the suffrage work, and this subject she will continue this afternoon, making her instruction altogether specific. All three women by attitude, appearance and utterance eloquently refute the old time argument, still occasionally heard, about suffragism "unsexing." They openly declare for purely feminine methods in conducting the campaign. Several additions have been made within the last day or so to the roll of students, the registrations up to the present being as follows: Mesdames W. C. Cathcart, T. I. Weston, Henry Martin A. C. Hammond, J. E. Poore, L. P. Chamberlyne, W. H. Galloway, J. O. Reavis, Thomas, Riddle, F. S. Munsell, Heyward Gibbes, S. Revelise, E. S. Mather, J. E. Jenkins, S. A. Inabinett, Humphreys, Alex Gibbes, W. H. Jones, S. T. Pender, Nellie M. Miranda, Davis, J. Gittman, Frederick Marshall, R. M. Kennedy, E. V. Plane, S. D. Friday, H. H. Griffin, J. B. Spann, W. H. Gibbes, E. W. Robertson, Albert S. Johnstone, W. C. Fripp, Beverley Sloan, Shorter Watson, Stephen Taber, W. W. Ball, A. S. Gaillard, Christopher FitzSimons, C. W. Barron, Dorothy N. Seibels, Annie I. Rembert, A. P. Walker, James A. Cathcart, Douglas McKay, William Weston, W. E. McGee, J. N. Frierson, George Lafaye, A. P. Rise, Frances Wilson, R. W. Gibbes, J-B. S. Lyles, Malcolm Graham, T. J. Watson, James Hanshaw, A. McCool, F. G. Potts, W. S. Pearson, W. A. Heath, P. O. Ransom, C. Y. Reamer, Robert Moorman, T. H. Fisher, W. M. Bostwick, A. C. Flora, Wilson Ikenberry; Misses Belle Wililams, Mary Brennen, Francenia Brenned, J. G. Gibbes, Moore, Kate Cantwell, Margaret Green, Caroline Southard, Elizabeth Friday, Helen Robertson, Madeline Frazer, E. deTreville, Minna Robertson, D'Arcy Duncan, Carolina Guignard, Katherine Heyward, Ethel and Maria English, Nellie Smith and May Bookman, Drs. Jane Bruce Guignard, Mary Lyles Sims and N. Hodleston, Mrs. Francis H. Weston, Mrs. E. C. Townsend, Mrs. Annie Cade, Mrs. L. W. Dickerson, Mrs. A. W. Taylor, Mrs. Efird, Mrs. McDavid Horton, Mrs. Florence Cate, Miss Minnie Farmer, Miss Geneva Edwards and Miss Francis Sylvan. From Spartanburg--Mrs. W. H. Dodgen, Mrs. H. Cleveland, Mrs. Edgar Bomar, Mrs. Harold Booker, Miss Lala Thompson, Miss Mitt Durant. From Union--Mrs. T. C. Duncan, Mrs. J. D. Arthur, Mrs. L. G. Young, Mrs. L. M. Rice, Mrs. John Storm, Mrs. Jacob Cohen, Miss K. Thomson, Miss Netta Cooper. From Greenville--Mrs. John Milam. From Cheraw--Mrs.. H. P. Lynch. From Congaree--Mrs. W. L. Arthur. From Newberry--Mrs. H. A. Workman. From Aiken--Mrs. J. B. Salley, Mrs. Walter Duncan. From Conestee Mills--Mrs. T. I. Charles. From St. George--Mrs. F. E. Hinnant. MRS. BATEMAN RECEIVES Compliments Mrs. James J. Robb, NOON THE COLUMBIA RECO NATIONAL PLAYGROUNDS That over a million and a half people use the national forests as playgrounds each year was the statement made by Henry S. Graves, chief of the forest service, recently. "Located as they are," said Mr. Graves, "the national forests comprise many regions of superb scenery and unexcelled recreation attraction. In a very real sense these attractions of the forests constitute a natural resource that must be safeguarded, utilized and developed." Mr. Graves stated that a quarter of a contury had passed since the establishment of the first national forests by a law which marked the beginning of a new and more enlightened method of public land administration. The nineteenth century land system, he said, was one wholly of land distribution, which was successful as applied to non-agricultural lands as will render a maximum service to the public. "The country has recognized that public lands of chief value for forest purposes and essential to protect water resources should FIVE CENTS A COPY MANY N U-BOATS tal Tonnage for Fourth Day of Ruthlessness Amounts to 10,424. SIBERIA THURSDAY AFTERNOON COLUMBIA SCHOOL FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGISTS Plan for Unifying Suffrage Work as Conceived by Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, in a short address with which she opened the suffrage school in Columbia this morning, emphasized the co-operation of the National American Woman's Suffrage association with the State league, and stressed the fact that they had no idea of superseding the local organijations, or undertaking their work, and declared the suffrage school was a part of Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt's plan for the unification of suffrage work. The wide experience of the national organization has shown the need for broader education in suffrage work, and a better understanding of their principles, policies and methods. Big Onward Movement "A part of the big onward movement toward democracy," Mrs. Wilson called Mrs. Catt's plan to educate suffrage workers in the bigger, broader aspects of woman sugrage and thus equip them to go on with their campaign. In a short reference to Mrs. Catt, Mrs. Wilson declared she had the mind of a general and "now stands in the watch tower" to direct this big movement for the unification of suffrage work. Mrs. Wilson is manager of the school and instructor in woman suffrage and argument, and money raising. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam is instructor in public speaking and publicity, and Miss Anne Doughty instructor in organization and parliamentary law, and this morning each of these ladies made a short talk outlining the methods of her department. Not Spectacular. "We are not militant, nor do we employ spectacular methods," declared Mrs. Wilson in a short talk with the representative of The Record. She went on to say that the object of the school was purely educational, and for the purpose of enabling members of the local organizations to study the best methods and thus obtain the greatest results. The policy of the national association, according to Mrs. Wilson, is to build up. They must do nothing destructive, and waste no time or egort in digerence of opinion, and this is one fact they pride themselves upon. They work as a nuit, and these schools are designed to encourage resolution and sturdiness. They point with justifiable pride to their immense organization and its entirely constructive work, and from the tone of the short talks made by the instructors this morning, the local league will derive great benefit from the school, and be brought into closer touch than ever with the national association. Truth About Woman Suxrage. In regard to the mass meeting in the high school auditorium on Friday evening, Mrs. Wilson is anxious for the public to attend and learn "what manner of persons" she and her associates are. On this occasion each of the instructors will make a short talk which will doubtless ge of considerable interest. Mrs. Cotnam will tell of the "Practicability" of woman suzrage; Miss Doughty will talk about "Outworn Standards in an Ongoing World," and Mrs. Wilson will conclude with "The Truth About Woman Suxrage," gathering up losse ends and binding them together 'as logically as I know how." Legislature Invited. The legislature has been invited en masse, and the members of the local league are making every effort to reach the members and extend individual invitations, and have also asked The Record to extend a cordial invitation to all members of the legislature, all club members and all persons interested in the subject. They desire it stressed also that it is not too late to attend he school. Persons are gladly welcomed for any sessions hey are interested in or any that they can find time to attend. Plans for Mass Meeting. On Friday evening at 8:30 o'clock, the high school auditorium will be decorated with suffrage colors and emblems, a number of younger suffragists will act as ushers, prominent citizens will adorn the platform and there will be some music. Mrs. A. C. Hammond and Miss Mary Brennen have charge of the decorations; Miss Heloise Gibbes and Mr. William Lindsay, Jr., will secure the ushers and be in charge on this occasion; Mrs. H. P. Lynch, president of the State league, and Mrs. W. C. Cathcart constitute the platform committee, and Mrs. T. I. Weston is chairman of the music committee. Plan Social Affair. Plans are not yet in shape for announcement, but Mrs. H. V. Murdaugh is chairman of a committee to arrange a social meeting during the stay of these ladies who are charming in appearance and manner, and have social as well as mental gifts. It will be a privilege to meet them socially, and whatever is planned, will undoubtedly be attended by all who are fortunate enough to be invited. [*The State, Columbia, S. C. Feb 9, '17*] FIVE CENTS A COPY [?B]RITISH MAKE GAIN IN SOMME SECTION [?H]OLDS GERMANY TO STRICT RULE [?Br]azil Warns Berlin of Consequences. [?M]UST OBSERVE LAWS [?Oth]erwise South American Repub[?li]c Can No Longer Remain a Friendly Nation. [?Ri]o de Jainero, Feb. 8.—Brazil's re- [?] to the German note, to be made [?] ably tomorrow, will politely but [?] ly declare Brazil's intention to [?] Germany responsible for conse- [?] ces which may result from the [?] submarine warfare. [?he]e reply expresses the desire of [?the] Brazilian government not to be [?com]pelled to break the amicable re- [?] ns it always has maintained with [?] many, a fact, however, which will [?] prevent Brazil from taking meas- [?] of protection and from protesting [?agai]nst the menace of Brazilian com- [?]ce and navigation contained in [?] note of the imperial government [?] rning measures for the marine [?]kade. [?B]razil bases its protest upon the [?follo]wing four fundamental prin- [?ciple]s: [?F]irst: The extension of an inad- [?]able blockade; second, the unex- [?]ness of the communication which [?]s only the short interval of five [?] before the putting into operation [?] submarine measures against any [?and] all vessels, a fact which pre- [?]ed Brazil from adopting measures [?in] regard to several Brazilian ships [?] at sea or anchored in foreign [?]s; third, the ignoring of all rules [?pu]blished by international law and [?] principles set forth in solemn [?trea]ties and conventions, the signa- [?tur]es of which the Brazil and Ger- [?man]y; fourth, Brazil's objection to [?] declaration that no country could [?]ent from Germany's purpose to [?]loy all means to render effective [?] blockade under the conditions [?men]tioned in her note. [?T]he reply concludes by expressing [?Bra]zil's hope that Germany will take [?into] consideration the fundamental, [?prin]ciples of Brazil's protests and [?Bra]zil's holding Germany responsi- [?ble] for the consequences which may [?aris]e from making effective the [?]ats against the navigation of non- [?belli]gerent states [?]LLS FOR INDEMNITY Continue Blows at Bapaume, Capturing Highest Point of Sailly-Saillisel. TEUTONS REVIVING BALKAN ACTIVITIES French Report Whole Line in Macedonia Busy—Russians Take Trenches in Carpathians, According to Petrograd Official Statement. The British in the Somme region of France continue their new offensive in their efforts to push forward toward Bapaume. Southeast of Bapaume they have taken the highest point of Sailly-Saillisel hill. Along both sides of the Ancre river west of Bapaume, additional progress has been made, including the capture of a trench near Grandecourt, where a gain was made Wednesday. On the other parts of the front in France and Belgium the fighting is confined to artillery bombardments and trench raiding. The Teutonic allies in Macedonia have shown activity along the entire front, acording to the French communication. This probably means that the intensive fighting of some time ago will shortly be resumed in this theatre. On the Eastern front comparative calm prevails from the Baltic to the line in Roumania. In the Carpathians, near Kirlibaba, however, Petrograd reports the capture of first line Teutonic allied trenches which were held by the Russians despite counterattacks. Rome reports the failure of an Austrian attack against the allies in the Sugana valley and smashing fire by the big guns of the Italian batteries on several sectors. Enemy and neutral ships aggregating 21,505 tons have been sunk by German submarines during the last 24 hours. Ten vessels in all were sent to the bottom during this period, six of them British steamers of an aggregate tonnage of 16,736. The neutrals sunk were a Norwegian ship and a Swedish teamer. A French trawler and a Russian ship were the other victims of u-boats. The announcement has been made by the state department on the authority of President Wilson that in case of war between the United States and foreign country the government will under no circumstances take possession of the property of BEAUTIFUL HAIR, THICK, WAVY, FREE FROM DANDRUFF Draw a Moist Cloth Through Hair and Double its Beauty at Once. Save Your Hair! Dandruff Disappears and Hair Stops Coming Out. Immediate? Yes! Certain? that's the joy of it. Your hair becomes light, wavy, fluffy, abundant and appears as soft, lustrous and beautiful as a young girl's after an application of Danderine. Also try this- moisten a cloth with a little Danderine and carefully draw it through your hair, taking one small strand at a time. This will cleanse the hair of dust, dirt or excessive oil, and in just a few moments you have doubled the beauty of your hair. A delightful surprise awaits those whose hair has been neglected or is scraggy, faded, dry, brittle, or thin. Besides beautifying the hair, Danderine dissolves every particle of dandruff; cleanses, purifies and invigorates the scalp, forever stopping itching and falling hair, but what will please you most will be after a few week's use, when you see new hair - fine and downy at first - yes- but really new hair growing all over the scalp. Danderine is to the hair what fresh showers of rain and sunshine are to vegetation. It goes right to the roots, invigorates and strengthens them. Its exhilarating, stimulating and life- producing properties cause the hair to grow long, strong and beautiful. You can surely have pretty, charming lustrous hair, and lots of it, if you will just get a 25-cent bottle of Knowlton's Danderine from any drug store or toilet counter and try it as directed. BEAUTIFUL PIANO almost new, will be sold by us at a big discount. Those wanting their dollars to do almost double duty will find it greatly to their advantage to call at once and see and hear this fine Piano at Malone's Music House 1428 Main St. Columbia S. C. "The Pure Food Store" CANNED SHRIMP 10c A high-class store Many to Attend Suffrage School. About 115 women have enrolled for the Suffrage school which will be held Thursday, Friday and Saturday of this week, these including a number from other parts of the State. The national association required an enrollment of at least 100 students, but as many others may enter as wish, and those who cannot attend all sessions may attend such as are convenient by paying a fee of 25 cents for each session attended. Those attending single sessions must be known to members of the Suffrage league. All students must be equipped with note book and pencil, no other books being required. Among those who have already enrolled are: Mesdames W. C. Cathcart, T.G. Weston, A. C. Hammond, J. E. Poore, L. P. Chamberlayne, S. M. Galloway, J. O. Reavis, Thomas, Riddle, F. S. Munsell H. Gibbes, S. Revelise, E. S. Mather, J. E. Jenkins, S. A. Inabinett, Humphries, A. Gibbes, W. H. Jones, S. T. Pender, N. M Miranda, David, J. Gittman, F. Marshall, R. M. Kennedy, E. V. Plane, Friday, H. H. Griffin, J. B. Spann, W. H. Gibbes, E. W. Robertson, Albert Johnstone, W. C. Fripp, R. B. Sloan, S. Watson, S. Taber, W. W. Ball, A. Gaillard, C. Fitzsimmons, C. W. Barron, D. Seibels, G. Rembert, A. P. Walker, J. Cathcart, H. N. Frierson, G. Fafaye, A. P. Rice, D. McKay, W. Weston, W. E. McGee, P. Wilson, R. W. Gibbes, J. B. S. Lyles, M. Graham, T. J. Watson, J. Hanahan, F. G. Potts, Pearson, W. Heath, P. O. Ransom, C. Y. Reamer, S. T. Sparkman, D. G. McAllister, R. Moorman, T. Fisher, W. M. Bostwick, A. C. Flora, W. Inkenberry, McCool, Misses B. Williams, M. Brennen, F. Brennen, J. G. Gibbes, Moore, Cantwell, M. Green, C. Southard, Friday, H. Robertson, M. Frazer, E. DeTreville, M. Robertson. [?]ception will be sunk. What shou be our choice under such conditions I say to keep our ships and our people out of this danger zone until th war is over or the embargo removed NEGRO CONFERENCE OPEN IN COLUMBI The South Carolina negro race conference met at noon today. All th speakers on the program are presen except Rev C. M. Young, president Harbison college, Irmo. The discussion on negro schools was very interesting. Dr. J. H. Dillard, secretary the Jeanes and Slater educationa funds, speaks at 4 p. m. Service beginning tonight, will be held at Calvary Baptist church on Richlan street. The program for the night service is as follows: After a song service, short address will be made by Rev Richard Carroll, president of the conference, followed by a sermon on th "Mechanism of Man," by Rev E. Carter of Valdosta, Ga., comes we The Drinking of Water (By M. C. Lucas, M. D.) The general conclusions of the lates medical scientists proves that drinking of plenty of pure water both between meals and with one's meals i beneficial to health. It has also bee proven by means of the X-rays an actual tests upon many healthy youn men that the drinking of water wit meals is not harmful to digestion Those suffering from a catarrhal condition of the stomach will find benef in adding about 10 grains (one-sixt of a level teaspoonful) of baking 4 SUNDAY MORNING South Carolina Equal Suffrage League President, Mrs. Harriet P. Lynch, Cheraw. First Vice President, Mrs. John Gary Evans, Spartanburg. Second Vice President, Mrs. Robert Gibbes Thoman, Charleston. Record Secretary, Mrs. Henry Martin, Columbia. Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Lewis Parke Chamberlayne, Columbia. Treasurer, Miss Susan Pringle Frost, Charleston. Auditor, Mrs. Julian B. Salley, Aiken. A most unique suffrage speech was the one made by Miss Anne Doughty at the "rally" meeting of the suffrage school, which was held Friday evening in the auditorium of the high school. Miss Doughty is a gentle looking little woman, somewhat past her first youth, and her attitude was that of a mother telling a wonderful tale to children, and as she told of the passing of the old-fashioned woman and the development of the new style woman who has taken her place, one felt all the tragic grief of the child who things it has lost it's doll only to find that it has evolved in a real live child, and that instead of a plaything, he has a playmate. Her subject was "Outworn Standards in an Ongoing World." Practicability. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam was the next speaker, and her subject was "Practicability," and as Miss Doughty's speech had appealed to the heart, her's appealed to common sense. She began by declaring that history showed that once the men of South Carolina became convinced of the justice of a cause, they had the courage to take the lead, and that the suffrage cause was depending on States like this. She reminded the men that there was now but one class in the United States who could not vote, and asked them if they dared not trust the women —if the morals of the women were questionable, or if the women refused to obey the laws. "A Perfectly Good Vote." Then she took the old anti arguments and answered them, declaring that theories had been swept away by the avalanche of experience in States where women already vote, and raised a laugh in discussing the old "will men lose their respect for women?" by declaring that if there was one thing in the world that a politician respected, it was "a perfectly good vote." Other telling points in Mrs. Cotnam's speech were her reference to the effect of the Western women's vote in the last election and her declaration that as things now are the responsibility of the government rests on half the intelligence of the people. Mrs. Cotnam wound up by begging the men not to wait for a cataclysm to make them act, but to have a "bigger, finer and far seeing vision" and brought forth a burst of applause when she declared that the women had "kept the home fires burning" in 1776, and again in 1861, and would again if it became necessary. The Truth About Suffrage. Mrs. Halsey Wilson was the last speaker, and she began by telling a little story of a Dutch boy in the West and declared that the American woman, like Queen Wilhelmina had "had it inherited on her and was not meddling in," for the contest with England had been brought about by the same principles of democracy upon which the women were basing their demand for the vote. She, too, referred to the results of the women's vote in the suffrage States as proof of it's practicability and declared that humanity and justice has entered into all legislation brought about by women. A Mine of Ability. She quoted H. G. Well's declaration that the women's vote is "a big mine of ability that could be used for the beenfit of the world" and stated that women have something to give to society that men cannot give and that theStat e cannot afford to lose that something. Each of the three speakers possessed a strong personality, as markedly different as their manner of address, and yet, like their subjects, there was a feeling of kinship that made for remarkable smoothness in the presentation of the subjects by these speakers. Mrs. Cotnam is a large, handsome woman and her tones carried clearly to the end of the hall. She possesses a marked sense of humor, and immediately makes friends with her audience. Mrs. Wilson is a charmingly pretty woman and, a notable characteristic of these three speakers, possesses a clear, pleasant voice which requires no effort to follow. The speakers limited themselves to the time allotted, and the speechmaking was over promptly at the hour named. At the conclusion of the speeches, Mrs. Wilson requested the usheds to pass about slips that had been presented and a number of people in the traffice because it is the result of careful placing of tones rather than volume that these speakers depend. As in their speeches last evening, though these were in no wise repetitions of those addresses, Mrs. Cotnam dealt with the practicability of woman's suffrage, Mrs. Wilson with its place in the big movement toward an ideal democracy, and Miss Doughty with the evolution of the minds of women and with organization. Makes a Hit. There is no doubt that the speeches made a hit, for although the crowd was shifting all the time, there were a number besides the suffragists who remained to hear it all, numbers remained for the whole of one speech, and large numbers came and went; there was always a crowd, and the people listened respectfully and with interest and there were many expressions of interest and indorsement. There were many boys and men who looked somewhat sheepish when offered "votes for women" pennants, and some refused them, but a great many were accepted and pinned on coats—the coats of both men and women. Other Cities. Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Cotnam and Miss Doughty leave today for Augusta, Ga., and from there go to Birmingham, Ala., where they hold suffrage schools. They express themselves as happy over the interest taken in the school and the determination of the "students" to make the most of the opportunity to learn the methods for suffrage work, and the students express themselves as delighted with results obtained for themselves and for their work. They feel that it has been a most fortunate and helpful thing for the cause in this State, and are quite sure that it will bear fruit in the near future. Suffrage Blue Book. The only text book used in the school is "Suffrage History and Argument and Results," also known as the "suffrage blue book," upon which a large part of the work is founded. The students all obtained these books but as they are of considerable interest to all suffragists and to any one caring to read up on the subject, the league asked Mrs. Wilson to leave the remainder of the supply sent her here, and these may be obtained from Mrs. W. C. Cathcart at a nominal price. ticability," and as Miss Doughty's speech had appealed to the heart, her's appealed to common sense. She began by declaring that history showed that once the men of South Carolina became convinced of the justice of a cause, they had the courage to take the lead, and that the suffrage cause was depending on States like this. She reminded the men that there was now but one class in the United States who could not vote, and asked them if they dared not trust the women —if the morals of the women were questionable, or if the women refused to obey the laws. "A Perfectly Good Vote." Then she took the old anti arguments and answered them, declaring that theories had been swept away by the avalanche of experience in States where women already vote, and raised a laugh in discussing the old "will men lose their respect for women?" by declaring that if there was one thing in the world that a politician respected, it was "a perfectly good vote." Other telling points in Mrs. Cotnam's speech were her reference to the effect of the Western women's vote in the last election and her declaration that as things now are the responsibility of the government rests on half the intelligence of the people. Mrs. Cotnam wound up by begging the men not to wait for a cataclysm to make them act, but to have a "bigger, finer and far seeing vision" and brought forth a burst of applause when she declared that the women had "kept the home fires burning" in 1776, and again in 1861, and would again if it became necessary. The Truth About Suffrage. Mrs. Halsey Wilson was the last speaker, and she began by telling a little story of a Dutch boy in the West and declared that the American woman, like Queen Wilhelmina had "had it inherited on her and was not meddling in," for the contest with England had been brought about by the same principles of democracy upon which the women were basing their demand for the vote. She, too, referred to the results of the women's vote in the suffrage States as proof of it's practicability and declared that humanity and justice has entered into all legislation brought about by women. A Mine of Ability. She quoted H. G. Well's declaration that the women's vote is "a big mine of ability that could be used for the beenfit of the world" and stated that women have something to give to society that men cannot give and that theStat e cannot afford to lose that something. Each of the three speakers possessed a strong personality, as markedly different as their manner of address, and yet, like their subjects, there was a feeling of kinship that made for remarkable smoothness in the presentation of the subjects by these speakers. Mrs. Cotnam is a large, handsome woman and her tones carried clearly to the end of the hall. She possesses a marked sense of humor, and immediately makes friends with her audience. Mrs. Wilson is a charmingly pretty woman and, a notable characteristic of these three speakers, possesses a clear, pleasant voice which requires no effort to follow. The speakers limited themselves to the time allotted, and the speechmaking was over promptly at the hour named. At the conclusion of the speeches, Mrs. Wilson requested the usheds to pass about slips that had been presented and a number of people in the audience promised some financial assistance to the South Carolina league during the coming year, and many others promised to give the time to do something for the cause. Reception Following. As soon as this business was concluded, the entire assemblage adjourned to the lobby of the building, where an attractively arranged table held a punch bowl filled with orange ice punch which was served by a group of the younger suffragists who had also acted as ushers. About an hour was spent introducing those present to the speakers. As a wind-up to the three days' course in suffrage instruction offered by Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Cotnam and Miss Doughty, the members of the suffrage league suggested that they make one more effort to educate the public by means of the street speaking which is so widely done throughout the States where suffrage campaigns are on. They readily consented, declaring that they were here to work for suffrage and were ready to do anything and everything in their power. And so, at the close of yesterday afternoon session, an automobile, gaily decorated in suffrage colors and flying suffrage banners, made its way to the corner of Hampton and Main streets, where the league had secured permission for them to speak, and, beginning with Mrs. Cotnam, all three of the instructors made speeches from the automobile. Effective Speeches. Mrs. Cotnam is undoubtedly an effective speaker, and has the gift of both claiming and holding the attention of her audience, and her voice is unusually well cultivated for open air speaking, although the other two speakers were readily heard even in the uproar of the Saturday afternoon many were accepted and pinned on coats—the coats of both men and women. Other Cities. Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Cotnam and Miss Doughty leave today for Augusta, Ga., and from there go to Birmingham, Ala., where they hold suffrage schools. They express themselves as happy over the interest taken in the school and the determination of the "students" to make the most of the opportunity to learn the methods for suffrage work, and the students express themselves as delighted with results obtained for themselves and for their work. They feel that it has been a most fortunate and helpful thing for the cause in this State, and are quite sure that it will bear fruit in the near future. Suffrage Blue Book. The only text book used in the school is "Suffrage History and Argument and Results," also known as the "suffrage blue book," upon which a large part of the work is founded. The students all obtained these books but as they are of considerable interest to all suffragists and to any one caring to read up on the subject, the league asked Mrs. Wilson to leave the remainder of the supply sent her here, and these may be obtained from Mrs. W. C. Cathcart at a nominal price. [*Augusta Chronicle Feb. 2, '17*] EQUAL SUFFRAGE SCHOOL ON TODAY Ladies Prominent in Work to Give Talks at Headquarters of the Augusta Club All arrangements have been completed for the national suffrage school which is to be held in Augusta today and Tuesday at the Equal Suffrage League headquarters, 217 Seventh Street. The first session will be from 10 o'clock to 12 o'clock this morning. The subjects for this session will be organization, suffrage history and press work. The afternoon session begins at 2 o'clock and the instruction will be in suffrage arguments, questions and money raising. Monday night there will be a big public meeting at the Albion parlors at 8:15 o'clock. The program for Tuesday morning will be the same as for Monday, only instead of a recess from 12 to 2 o'clock there will be a session from 12 to 1 o'clock, the subject for instruction being public speaking and suffrage arguments. This school is being financed by the Equal Suffrage party of Georgia, and is a part of their educational program in Georgia. AY, FEBRUARY 13, 1917 TIONAL SUFFRAGE SCHOOL OVES CHARMINGLY INTERESTING Wilson, Miss Cotnam and Miss Doughty, Women of Ability Extensive Information—Guiding Augusta Women As to the Method of Effecting That Education of the Public Which Result in Equal Suffrage. [*Augusta Chronicle*] National Suffrage School, which ened here yesterday for a two ession, at the headquarters on h Street, was attended by large husiastic crowds at both morn- afternoon sessions, and last he meeting at the Albion was rgely attended of any, and one most interesting and successful meetings ever held here. hree speakers sent out by the Association of Equal Suffrage here in Augusta, are Mrs. Hal- Wilson, Mrs. Cotnam and Miss Mrs. Wilson is the manager and the other two ladies are all forceful speakers who have ase of the suffrage question at gue's end and who are wonder- ers. Wilson was educated in Minne- the State Normal School and University. She was for three ncipal of a high school in Min- and for seven years editor of Review Digest. When she White Plains, N. Y., she be- erested in the woman suffrage has served it most faithfully ently. She is president of the ains Equal Franchise Club, an the Ninth Campaign District of New York State and vice-president of the literature committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. The object of these suffrage schools is to educate the women of every state in the union on the question of equal suffrage; to answer every question and to present every phase of the subject. They are, of course, also to win new converts to the cause and to also teach the various organizations the most practical methods also of raising necessary funds for the work. Yesterday the utmost interest was manifested by the women of Augusta, not only by their attendance at all three meetings, but by the many questions asked. Last night there was a most representative and enthusiastic audience of Augusta women present at the Albion Hotel. The parlor was filled to overflowing and every seat taken by 8:30 The speakers for the evening, Mrs. Wilson and Mrs. Cotnam, were introduce by Mrs. L. S. Arrington, who is sta president. Both of these ladies ga most delightful and vital talks on t subject of suffrage. They held th audience spellbound, and were m heartily applauded throughout th talks, as well as at the conclusion. meeting was not only a most encouraging one to the equal suffrage workers in the city, but was intensely interesting to all present. The speakers will leave the city at 3:30 this afternoon for Birmingham, where they go to conduct a school. The public is most cordially invited to attend the meetings of the school today, which are free for all, and are held at the headquarters of the local organization on McIntosh (where the Woman's Exchange formerly was), and the program for today is as follows: 10-10:45—Organization; instructor Miss Doughty. 10:45-11:30—Suffrage history; instructor, Mrs. Cotnam. 12-12:30—Public speaking; instructor, Mrs. Cotnam. 12:30-1—Argument; instructor, Mrs. Wilson. [*Augusta Chronicle Feb. 11, '17*] 2 THE AUGUSTA NATIONAL SUFFRAGE SCHOOL OPENS IN AUGUSTA AT SUFFRAGE HEADQUARTERS TOMORROW Two Sessions Monday Morning and Afternoon and One Session Tuesday Morning--Public Meeting at Albion Parlors Monday Night at 8:15 O'Clock. All arrangements have been completed for the national suffrage school which is to be held in Augusta Monday and Tuesday, February 12 and 13th at the Equal Suffrage League headquarters, 217 Seventh Street. The first session will be from 10 o'clock to 12 o'clock Monday morning, the subjects for this session will be organization, suffrage history and press work. The afternoon session begins at 2 o'clock and the instruction will be in suffrage arguments, questions and money-raising. Monday night there will be a big public meeting at the Albion parlors at 8:15 o'clock. The program for Tuesday morning will be the same as for Monday, only instead of a recess from 12 to 2 o'clock there will be a session from 12 to 1 o'clock; the subject for instruction being public speaking and suffrage arguments. Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Cotnam and Miss Doughty, the national instructors, will leave at 2:30 o'clock Tuesday for Birmingham, Ala., where they are due to open a suffrage school Wednesday morning. The enrollment in this school is quite large, and there is every indication that the Augusta school will be one of the most successful conducted by the national representatives in their tour of education through non-suffrage states. This school is being financed by the Epal Suffrage Party of Georgia, and is part of their educational program in Georgia. The following committees are in charge: Arrangements Committee--Mrs. L. S. Arrington, chairman; Mrs. E. T. Kruger, Mrs. Nisbet Wingfield, Mrs. Thomas Barrett, Mrs. W. N. Benton, Mrs. T. W. Loyless, Mrs. L. B. Evans, Mrs. T. D. Murphy, Mrs. Ashby Jones, Mrs. J. B. Morgan, Mrs. T. G. Brittingham, Mrs. W. S. Brand, Mrs. W. H. Doughty, Mrs. Louis Clinton, Miss Isabelle Williams, Mrs. S. B. Owens, Mrs. Issac Cohen, Mrs. Rufus Brown, Mrs. H. P Burum, Mrs. W. D. Cutter, Mrs. Frank Doar, Mrs. C. L. Duvall and Mrs. W. M. Alexander. Decoration Committee--Mrs. W. H. Fleming, chairman; Mrs. L. A. Porter, Mrs. Chas. Parr, Mrs. A. H. Brenner, Mrs. M. B. Williams, Mrs. T. R. Wright, Miss Sophia Scheniker and Mrs. David [?achman]. Publicity Committee--Miss Wright, Chairman; Mrs Warren Walker, Mrs. Peter McAnally, Mrs. Irvin Alexander, Miss Sancken, Mrs. Frank Doar, Miss Annie O'Connell, Miss Julia Flisch and Miss Belle Edelstein. Ushers--Miss Margaret Loyless, Miss Martha Brenner, Miss Anna Baker Lamar, Miss Hazel Brand, Miss Nanette Willis, Miss Elizabeth Allen, Miss Agnes Rowland, Miss Furlow Hollingsworth, Miss Nellie Lamar, Miss Mary Lou Fuller. Program of Suffrage School. 10:10 to 10:45--Organization instructor, Mrs. Doughty. 10:45 to 11:30--Suffrage history instructor, Mrs. Wilson. 11:30 to 11:12--Press work instructor, Mrs. Cotnam. 2:00 to 3:00--Public speaking instructor, Mrs. Cotnam. 3:30 to 3:45--Argument instructor, Mrs. Wilson. 3:45 to 4:00--Questions. 4:04 to 4:30--Money raising instructor, Mrs. Wilson. Monday, February 12th. 8:15 p.m., meeting Albion Hotel, to which the public is invited. MRS. FLORENCE COTNAM. Mrs. Florence Cotnam (Mrs. T. T.), of Little Rock, Ark., is an able and eloquent supporter of the woman suffrage cause. She is a Virginian by birth, a worthy descendant of ancestors who gave their lives for the cause of American liberty. She was married in Tyler, Texas, and her three children were born there. Later she moved to Little Rock, Ark., where she has been a leading member of the community, being active in club, church and philanthropic work. For three years, Mrs. Cotnam has been president of the Aesthetic Club, the oldest and largest woman's club in the state, and she was the first secretary of the Arkansas Federation of Women's Clubs. For years she has worked for woman suffrage and was the first woman who ever addressed the Arkansas legislature on that subject, when in 1915 she made a speech to the house, and helped secure the passage of a suffrage bill through that body. Mrs. Cotnam has been a dramatic reader, and to a rich and powerful voice adds the ability to make an appealing and forceful speech. She is witty, has a pleasing personality and in the many suffrage campaigns in which she has participated and notably in the recent one in New York state, she has won many converts to the cause of political equality. MRS. HALSEY W. WILSON, MANAGER OF SUFFRAGE SCHOOL. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, a prominent suffrage worker is associated with Mrs. Mary A. Livermore in the educational work conducted under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. At present this work takes the form of suffrage schools that are to be held in the thirty-six non-suffrage states of the Union. At these schools, Mrs. Wilson is an instructor, usually in suffrage arguments and history, and is a forcible and convincing speaker. She has a wide knowledge of many subjects as befits the wife of a man who has built up a business on supplying knowledge to all kinds of people and institutions. For Mrs. Wilson was a co-founder with her husband of the Halsey W. Wilson Publishing Company, a great educational plant that began its existence in Minneapolis, and is now established at White Plains, N.Y., from which center it sends out information on every known subject to librarians, authors, magazines and to foreign people and publications. With such a background, Mrs. Wilson can be trusted to be sure of her facts. Mrs. Wilson has been in suffrage work for some years. She is chairman of educational work for the Fourth Assembly District suffragists of New York City, and president of the White Plains Equal Suffrage Club. MISS ANNIE DOUGHTY. Few women in the suffrage cause know more about the organization of women, along political lines, than Miss Annie Doughty, of New York City, chairman of the Manhattan borough branch of the Woman Suffrage Party. For years Miss Doughty has been an ardent advocate for votes-for-women, and starting from the comparatively humble position of captain of the Fifteenth Assembly District, has worked her way up through the successive offices of vice-leader and leader of the Nineteenth Assembly District to the important position of chairman of a great borough organization. As a leader of the Nineteenth Assembly District, Miss Doughty handled the second largest assembly district of New York City during the recent suffrage campaign, having under her supervision the work of forty-eight election district captains. Under her management, the Nineteenth Assembly District made a splendid showing, canvassing thousands of voters, holding innumerable meetings, distributing countless leaflets and furnishing many women watchers, who served at the polls on election day. As Borough president, she had under her jurisdiction 838 election district captains and thirty-one assembly district leaders, who consulted her daily about the innumerable activities that make the Woman Suffrage Party one of the busiest suffrage societies of the country. To rise to the position Miss Doughty occupies required a level head, executive ability, the power of making quick decisions, optimism, a steady purpose, a knowledge of human nature and ability to understand all kinds of people. All these Miss Doughty possesses to a marked degree. But it is not her personal qualities of which she is proud. "I came into the suffrage cause in the days when it took courage to be a suffragist," she said in a recent interview. "I was one of the first women in New York City to go canvassing in the tenements and to interview recalcitrant politicians. With thousands of women in this town enrolled under the equal suffrage banner, with men in public positions under our city government boldly declaring themselves on our side, with most of our newspapers championing the cause, it does not take the same courage to work for suffrage now as it did when the party was first organized. I am proud of the fact that I belong to New York City's Old Suffrage Guard." Miss Doughty has a practical knowledge of parliamentary law gained from presiding at many meetings, and she can make a vigorous suffrage speech. As she formerly was a leading light in literary and dramatic circles in New York, she is able to present her arguments in a striking fashion. She infuses into her public addresses, too, a broad cosmopolitan spirit gained by many years of residence in Paris and other European cities. Miss Doughty has been prevailed upon by the National American Woman Suffrage Association to travel from city to city to give the students of the various suffrage schools that are to be held, the benefit of her many experiences and her long training. She will give instruction in organization work and in parliamentary law. She is bound to be a popular teacher, for her earnestness and pleasing personality always make a favorable impression. Chronicle TABLISHED 1785" COTTON. Middling. . . . . . . . . . .16.13 Receipts. . . . . . . . . . . . 956 Sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Stock. . . . . . . . . . . 120,622 11, 1917 5 Cents Per Copy; $7 Per Year. GINGHAM House dresses, worth $1.50, at, limited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98c GERALD unities to Save on New Von Kamp & Gerald Store onal Qualities 8.50 Crepe. More interesting even rose, Delft blue and navy, $15.00 ses, with the new shaped skirt, giv- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $18.50 Present Wear uits at $25.00 very pronounced this Spring—the sport effects. ons; also the new plaited coat caught with the , New Mannish Skirts, use. -Kool, Rajah, Piping Rock Silks and Taffetas. These Savings NEW WHITE GOODS Special lot of new White Skirtings at 35c, 39c and. . . . . . . . . . . . 50c a yard White Voile, 40 inches wide, worth 35c a yard, will go Monday at. . . . . . . . . 25c Soft White Checks for children's wear, worth 19c a yard, at. . . . . . . . . . .12 1-2c English Long Cloth, 12 yards to the bolt, worth $2.25, will go in this sale at. . . . $1.49 White Madras for waists and men's shirts, in all the newest effects, at, yard. . . . . . . . 25c White India Linon, extra good quality, will go Monday at, yard. . . . . . 12 1-2c Heavy white Military Serge for skirts, will go all day Monday as a big leader at, yard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 c AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1917. National Suffrage School to Be Held in Augusta February 12th and 13th Two Sessions Monday Morning and Afternoon and One Session Tuesday Morning BIG PUBLIC MEETING AT ALBION HOTEL MONDAY NIGHT AT 8:15 O'CLOCK. The Equal Suffrage Party has completed arrangements for the National Suffrage School which wil be held in Augusta Monday and Tuesday, February 12th and 13th, at the league headquarters, 217 Seventh Street. There will be two sessions Monday, morning and afternoon, and one session Tuesday morning. Tuesday evening there will be a meeting at the Albion parlors at 8 o'clock, to which the public is invited. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam. The instructors for Augusta will be Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, Mrs. J. L. Wilson and Miss Annie Doughty. They are brilliant, attractive speakers who have had wide experience in national suffrage work. Instruction will be given in organization, suffrage history and argument, publicity, public speaking, parliamentary law and money raising. There will be no charges for the enrollment in this school of the members of the Augusta League, and each member has the privilege of bringing one guest. MRS HALSEY W. WILSON Mrs. J. L. Wilson. These schools are being conducted this winter by the National American Woman's Suffrage Association throughout the non-suffrage states, the object being to increase efficiency in suffrage work, and thus more speedily bring the final victory for woman's suffrage. MISS ANNIE DOUGHTY Miss Annie Doughty. Immediately following the close of the school, the Equal Suffrage Party will hold a one-day conference of state officers. Chronicle TABLISHED 1785" 11, 1917 GERALD unities to Save Von Kamp & G onal Qualities 8.50 Crepe. More interesting even rose, Delft blue and navy, $15.00 ses, with the new shaped skirt, giv- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $18.50 Present Wear uits at $25.00 very pronounced this Spring—the sport ef ons; also the new plaited coat caught wit , New Mannish Skirts, use. -Kool, Rajah, Piping Rock Silks and Taffe These Savings r, 809 D'Antignac St. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3d Monday, 8 p. m., Labor Hall. ames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4th Monday, 8 p. m., Kirsch's Hall. . H. Snellgroves, 546 Bohler Ave. . . . . . . Every Monday, 8 p. m., Labor Hall. . A. Hiers, 1535 Fenwick St. . . . . . . . . . . . 2d and 4th Fri., 8 p. m., I. O. O. F. Hal . F. Lassiter, 1461 Glover St. . . . . . . . . . . 1st, 3d and 5th Fri., 8 p. m., Labor H . Martin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1st & 3d Thursday, I. O. O. F. Hall. . T. McGinn, Box 543 Augusta. . . . . . . . . 1st & 3d Tues., 8 p. m., Labor Hal Mrs. W. B. King, Grovetown, Ga. . . . . . . . 2d Sat., 2 p. m., Rocks Church. Wm. S. White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1st Tuesday at Bayvale. Miss Louis Thompson, R. F. D. 2, Aug . . Meets Barton's Chapel O. S. Anderson, R. F. D. No. 2. . . . . . . . . . Meets at Bayville Henry Davidson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2d and 4th Sun., 11 a. m., K. of P. H os. Sanderlin 313 Harison Bldg. . . . . . . . 1st and 3d mos., 11:30 p. m., Labor Hal G. H. Baldowski, Jr., 1549 Fenwick St. . . 4th Sun. 11 a. m., room 304 U.S. Bk. B . M. Hargroves, 803 Bohler Ave. . . . . . . . 2d and 4th Weds., 8 p. m., Labor Ha W. S. Hair, 916 12th St. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2d and 4th Tues., 8 p. m., Labor Ha . H. Sullivan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1st, 3d and 5th Tues., 8 p. m., Labor H . A. White, 1627 Fenwick St. . . . . . . . . . . 1st Monday, 5:45 p. m., Labor Hall. . H. Daniell, 306 5th. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Every Monday, 8 p. m., Labor Hall. F. Parker, 1458 Cooper St. . . . . . . . . . . . Railway Workers, K. of P. Hall. iss Nanaline Wilson, 1311 Ellis St. . . . . . 2d & 4th Thurs., 6:30 p. m., Labor Hal P. Stephens, 406 Harison Bldg. . . . . . . . . 1st Sun. 3 p. m., and 3d Sun., 8:00, K. R. Andrews, care Union Station. . . . . . . . 2d and 4th Sun., 2 p. m., K. of P. Ha M. Kight, 1413 Glover St. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1st, 3d and 5th Sun., 2:30 p. m., L. Ha . B. Lee, 1809 Walton Way. . . . . . . . . . . . 1st Monday, 8:15 p. m C. J. Mertins, 920 15th St. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1st Monday, 8 p. m., Labor Hall. dent; that 'all men are created equal,' and with 'unalienable rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.'" And the last four words—if they mean anything at all—certainly mean playgrounds for children. Pittsburg's Mayor Favors Playgrounds. "I first came in contact with playground work during my term as director of the department of public works. At that time this activity was financed by the city, but was not directly connected with our municipal government. Having very little knowledge of what was being done, I must confess that I was opposed to the work. I felt that it was a waste of money and could not see any necessity of having to teach children to play. A year after I was elected mayor of Pittsburg on a non-partisan ballot (not by any political or faction) the city took over the playgrounds and this placed them under my [?s]upervision. When that came to pass I [?f]elt it my duty to visit our several rec[?r]eation centers, and I personally ob[?s]erved the good work being done under [?t]he direction of trained teachers. I [?t]hereby gained some knowledge of the [?i]mportance of this undertaking, and I must confess I was soon convinced that my earlier opinion was due to ignorance of playground conditions. I desire now to go on record as being of the opinion that the recreational activ[?i]ty is probably the most important of our welfare efforts, and that is one which I shall continue to be interested [?i]n even at the expiration of my term [?in] 1916. "This is essentially the competitive age and each succeeding generation will [?f]ind it more and more so. Modern conditions demand the most modern equip- whole of Great Britain; one mi more tons of steel finished prod than the whole of that great em 36 per cent of all the steel cars in this country, and 65 per cent o the glassware manufactured in this tion. "These gigantic enterprises are result of the greatest effort and est competition and demonstrate now and hereafter we must train youths not only mentally, morally religiously, but physically, if they to stand the strain. It is not lik years ago. Today the successfu even fairly successful man or wo must be a human dynamo. I therefore, mentioned those few to show the much enlarged sphere which the boy and girl enters be the bigness of our present life an preparedness necessary to enter i passed beyond the minds of most o people. It is necessary to take h the youngsters while still at an age and prepare them so that they be able to take up and grasp the derful business of the present which is increasing at such great that there will be no telling whe will reach by the time these y boys and girls become men and w and are entrusted with the respon ity of operating the republic. "The playground work is so im tant in the building of a comm that it should be municipally fina and supervised. That this can be and still be kept divorced from po is proven by what has taken pla Pittsburg. "There are a great many people still think it is not necessary to play. This is probably because tions have changed within the las ter or half century, and to meet NATIONAL SUFFRAGE SCHOOL CROWDED WITH INTERESTED AUGUSTA WOMEN [*Augusta Herald Feb. 12, 17*] The National Suffrage School, which is being conducted for today and tomorrow at state headquarters on McIntosh street, was filed to overflowing today, so many prominent Augusta women taking advantage of hearing and learning from the women of note who are conducting the school. Tomorrow morning at ten o'clock the last session will be held, when the following program will be carried out: 10-10:45—Organization; instructor, Miss Doughty. 10:45-11:30—Suffrage History; instructor, Mrs. Wilson. 11:30-12:00—Press Work; instructor, Mrs. Cotnam. 12:00-12:30—Public Speaking; instructor, Mrs. Cotnam. 12:30-1:00—Argument; instructor, Mrs. Wilson. There will be a meeting tonight at 8:15 at the Albion Hotel to which the public is cordially invited. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, who is managing the Suffrage School, is in many ways a wonderful woman. Combining in an attractive degree the patience and power of the teacher with the warmth of the enthusiast and the vision of the dreamer, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson is one of the most popular instructors that the National American Suffrage Association has sent forth to teach suffrage students throughout the country. She is able not only to impart facts accurately, but to infuse a life into them that makes their acquisition a pleasure to the pupil. This comes from the belief that Mrs. Wilson entertains, that woman suffrage history and arguments form only a foundation of knowledge on which to build an inspiring ideal. "I believe in the philosophy of service," she says in her lectures. "Woman suffrage is but a part of the big movement toward democracy. It is the business of woman to arouse her social consciousness and to further the coming of democracy by assuming political responsibilities." Before she became a suffragist, Mrs. Wilson gained a much valuable experience as a teacher, a principal, an editor and as co-founder with her husband of the H. W. Wilson Publishing Company, a great educational plan which sends out information on every known subject to librarians, authors, magazines and to foreign peoples and publications. Mrs. Wilson was educated in Minnesota, at the State Normal School and the State University. She was for three years principal of a high school in Minneapolis and for seven years editor of the Book Review Digest. When she moved to White Plains, N. Y., she became interested in the woman suffrage cause and has served it most faithfully and eciciently. She is president of the White Plains Equal Franchise Club, an officer of the Ninth Campaign District of New York State and vice-president of the Literature Committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. In this latter capacity, she is associated with Mrs. Mary A. Livermore. Mrs. Wilson, while a clear expounder of suffrage theories, is not above practical considerations for she lectures on methods of money raising as well as on suffrage arguments. This ability to blend the two aspects of the suffrage question makes her a valuable member of the suffrage school faculty. TICKETS GOOD. President [*Birmingham News*] [*Feb. 14, '17*] SUFFRAGE SCHOOL OPENS WEDNESDAY WITH LARGE CROWD National Leaders, Mrs. Wilson, Miss Doughty and Mrs. Cotnam Are Teachers. "The subordination of woman has never been a part of the plan of Providence; the subjection of woman has never been a part of the plan of man. "We must first, and before all else, learn the true meaning of democracy, for it is upon that we must place our dependence if we would win. "Through the pencils of the reporters and the columns of the daily newspapers of the country we must send out our message to the thousands whom we want to win for our cause." These were the key-note assertions upon which Mrs. H. W. Wilson, Miss Annie Doughty and Mrs. T. P. Cotnam, national suffrage leaders, based their introductory lectures to the suffragists and persons interested in the enfranchisement of women enrolled in the Suffrage School opened in Birmingham Wednesday morning under the auspices of the National Equal Suffrage Association. With the enrollment exceeding the number to which the school was first restricted, 200, the seventh of the Suffrage Schools being held throughout the non-suffrage States of the Union as part of the work of the National Suffrage Association, the school of Birmingham was opened Wednesday morning at 10 o'clock at the Tutwiler. Women from all parts of the State are attending. Philosophy of Service. "I believe in philosophy of service," Mrs. Wilson, of New York, manager of the school and one of the leading suffrage teachers of the National Association, said in her lecture Wednesday morning. "Woman suffrage is but a part of the big movement toward democracy. It is the business of woman to arouse her social consciousness, and to further the coming of democracy by assuming political responsibilities." Before she became a leader in the suffrage movement, Mrs. Wilson was a teacher, school principal and editor, and with her husband founded the H. W. Wilson Publishing Company. She was educated at the State Normal School and University of Minnesota, and for three years she was editor of the Book Review Digest, and when she moved to White Plains, N. Y., she first became actively interested in the work of the woman suffrage cause. Mrs. Wilson is regarded by suffrage workers throughout the country as being admirably fitted for the work of the suffrage schools from her former experience and her suffrage experience as president of the White Plains Equal Franchise Club, officer of the Ninth Campaign District of New York State, and Vice-Chairman of the Literature Committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Sports Played In ket Leagu and Cook got their eyes on the b Birmingham forged ahead and never overtaken afterwards. One of the features of the game the progress shown by the Ho bunch, if they keep up their p fight their standing in the League be in the first division at the clo the season. Neil, Birmingham's guard, and Harrell at forward, st for Birmingham. Line-up and score: Harrell 10, ton 2, Ardis 0, Cook 4, Dorman 0 4, Lewis O, Stapleton 0, Hilliard [5], taway 2, Gibson 6, Newman 0, S land 0. The B. R. L. & P. Co.'s five p the best game last night that they played this season, and it looked time as if they would take the P sionals into camp, but in the las the Professionals began to pass a the Electrics and with some cleve shooting by Robbins took the gam the score of 17 to 14. Chisholm w particular star for the B. R. L P. Co. Line-up and score: Robbins 9, chell 2, Ganong 4, Waldron 2, Ne 0, Barker 0, Tate 4, Chisholm 10, mins 0, McCracken 0. The Central "Y" Reserves gav pipe makers another shove towar cellar by an avalanche of goals Bryan and L. Smith; the Acipco was completely smothered. When was called at the end of the secon the score stood 58 to 20 in favor Reserves. The Acipco boys played ball, but they were simply up a it. Walker for the pipemakers, wa pecially effective. He contribut of the 20 points made by the makers. Line-up and score: Walker 13, 3, Sparkman 5, Harrell 2, Mack Henley 4, Durham 6, Bryan 24, 22, F. Smith 0, Bethea 2. Referees, Bryan, Robbins, Dod ——— BOXFORD THE NEW STYLE IN Lion Collar OLDEST BRAND IN AMERIC WRITE FOR BOOKLET OF 16 STYL UNITED SHIRT & COLLAR CO. TROY. ——— ——— ITY BILE DEALERS ——— In speaking of the suffrage organization in Alabama, Miss Doughty, of the Manhattan Branch of the Equal Suffrage Party of New York expressed pleasure at the reports of success with which the Alabama Association has been credited in the various cities where she has held schools. Miss Doughty urged that the Alabama women go further with this organization work, and strengthen it by a network of Precinct, Municipal, County and finally State chairmanships that the voter himself may be appealed to directly. The success of the plan of "Suffrage Schools," recommended by Mrs. Carrie —— tim days —— Chapman Catt, President of the National Association, was first demonstrated last November in Portland, Me. Since then schools have been held in Richmond, Raleigh, Columbia, Birmingham and other cities of nonsuffrage States. From here the school workers will go to Meridian, New Orleans, Houston, Dallas, Little Rock, two cities in Missouri, two in Nebraska and two in Michigan. Need of Publicity. Mrs. Cotnam of Arkansas, speaking on the need of publicity, "of the right kind of publicity, of the kind that tells the pleasant things and keeps the disagreeable things about suffrage in the dark," emphasized the need of suffragists taking part in all civic and municipal activities, not for the announced purpose of advancing "suffrage," but for advancing the community. The "suffrage," she said, would come in later, and with stronger appeal. She urged that Birmingham suffragists make "real news for the newspapers to print, and then that they show their appreciation of the cooperation of the newspapers." The mass meeting of the suffragists to which "everybody" is invited, and at which the three national teachers will speak, will be held in the ballroom of the Tutwiler Friday evening at 8 o'clock. All sessions of the school are being held at the Tutwiler. e proper representation for —America's Smartest Car— and surrounding territory, everal opportunities to close agencies were entirely satis- ze of the contract offered, the caliber of representation r like the ROAMER. The of America's most distin- pearance and mechanically. and will add prestige to the For further pa Barley Moto Strea OODRIC VERT CORD TIRE S Play ket and Cook got Birmingham f never overtake One of the the progress bunch, if the fight their st be in the firs the season. guard, and H for Birmingha Line-up an ton 2, Ardis 4, Lewis 0, S taway 2, Gib land 0. The B. R. the best gam played this s time as if th sionals into the Professio the Electrics shooting by the score of particular s P. Co. Line-up a chell 2, Gan 0, Barker 0, mins 0, McC The Cent pipe makers another shove towar cellar by an avalanche of goals Bryan and L. Smith; the Acipco was completely smothered. When was called at the end of the secon the score stood 58 to 20 in favor Reserves. The Acipco boys played ball, but they were simply up a it. Walker for the pipemakers, wa pecially effective. He contribut of the 20 points made by the makers. Line-up and score: Walker 13, 3, Sparkman 5, Harrell 2, Mack Henley 4, Durham 6, Bryan 24, 22, F. Smith 0, Bethea 2. Referees, Bryan, Robbins, Dod BOXFORD THE NEW STYLE IN Lion Collar OLDEST BRAND IN AMERIC WRITE FOR BOOKLET OF 16 STYL UNITED SHIRT & COLLAR CO. TROY. ITY BILE DEALERS HA[?] LEDGER, BIRMINGH SUFFRAGE SCHOOLS' PROPAGANDA PLAN ON EQUAL SUFFRAGE Workers in Birmingham Are Touring Nation. To Complete Work in April "The objects of the suffrage schools are to give to women arguments in favor of suffrage and to impress upon them that it is their business to arouse their social consciousness for the furthering of the coming of democracy by assuming politcal responsibility wherever possible; to increase the efficiency in suffrage work and thus more speedily bring the final victory for woman suffrage." The above from Mrs. Hulsey W. Wilson, manager of the suffrage school at the Tutwiler gives the reasons for it. Mrs. Wilson states that the Birmingham school for suffrage is but one of a series of schools being conducted throughout the country. "The school here is the sixth we have conducted," said Mrs. Wilson. "The first was held at Baltimore, and from there we went to Portland, Me., to hold a school, then coming on down to Richmond, Va. Next we came to Raleign, N. C., then to Columbia, S. C., then to Augusta, Ga., and thence to Birmingham. We go from here to Meridian, Miss., then to New Orleans, La., from where we make a jump to Texas, holding schools at Houston and Dallas. We come back to Little Rock, Ark., and then go to Missouri, where two schools will be conducted. Two schools will be conducted in Nebraska, and we will complete this work in Michigan, where two schools will be conducted, the final being at Detroit. We expect to complete the work about the middle of April. "The suffrage school is a part of the plan of Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt for education of suffragists throughout the country, and the people to the thing suffrage means and stands for. They are to give definite training for a definite purpose to suffragists. And that definite purpose is the securing of the enfranchisement of women. We propose to dwell upon and strengthen the methods which will be employed to bring about this happy consummation. The school is the beginning of a campaign which will be conducted throughout the country by trained workers, equipped for all phases of the work, and ready at all times to meet any argument which may be advanced against suffrage, and ready to carry out the objects of the fight for the vote." FEBRUARY 17, 1917 SPEAKERS DECLARE SUFFRAGE POLITICAL NOT ACADEMIC ISSUE Leaders in Cause of Ballots for Women Address Mass Meeting URGE ALABAMA TO GET IN PROCESSION NOW Equal Suffrage Association Complimented by Visiting Speakers--Mrs. Ohme Declares That Alabama Needs Vote of Women Suffrage as a political issue and not as an academic question, was discussed by Mrs. C. P. Cotman of Arkansas, Mrs. H. W. Wilson of New York and Miss Annie Doughty of New York at the open meeting of the suffrage school last night at the Tutwiler. "It is no longer an academic question, it has become a great political issue," said Mrs. Cotman, "and it is up to you men of Alabama to say how you will meet it." Several hundred men and women attended the meeting, which was presided over by Mrs. A. J. Bowron, president of the Birmingham Equal Suffrage association. Mrs. Wilson spoke on "Political Emancipation." She declared that men have simply held in trust the inheritance of women and that woman is now asking for her share. "Equal suffrage is merely a question of complementing and supplementing the contribution of the men," she said. "Men think that politics is a dirty game. And now what is the problem? The problem before the electorate who are refusing woman the vote is to clean up that politics as rapidly as possible. That is what the women in the west are doing." Mrs. Wilson told of the spread of equal suffrage in the west, stating that it had been so successful in the states where granted that other adjoining states were quick to fall into line and give their women the vote. MEANS MORE THAN VOTE "Suffrage for women is not merely the ballot. It means all that the ballot stands for," she said. "The responsibility can no longer be put on a superficial basis. It is your problem, and I appeal to you men and women of Alabama to work it out." Mrs. Cotman spoke highly of the work of Birmingham women in the suffrage cause. "This school has taken us into many states, but never have we found more enthusiasm and more conscientious effort than in Birmingham," she said. She spoke of the hardships of the pioneers in the suffrage cause. "In this day of 'Americanization' why not 'Americanize the American woman? "We are citizens in every sense of the word, because in all avenues of life we are doing our part. "I believe we would be just as moral, just as law-abiding and could qualify as well as the men who have been living over here five years and have the vote. "A square deal is what the American women are asking of the American men. "We believe that when out forefathers bought liberty and equality alike at the cost of much blood, they bequeathed them to man and women alike. But the men seem to have made themselves administrators of the estate and to have pauperized woman." WOMAN AND THE WAR She referred to the fact that it has taken the great war in Europe to awaken the people to a realization of the abilities of woman. "Are we going to let this happen in America? I do not believe it." She spoke of the recent presidential election and said it proved one thing: "That the female of the species is more democratic than the male." "The fact remains that the balance of power has gone from the east to the west, and it's going to stay there unless you prevent it by enfranchising the woman." She told of the spread of suffrage throughout the country. "It is spreading fast. What is Alabama going to do about it? When a procession is being formed inevitably to march, where are you going to be in it? Are you going to occupy a place of honor near the front or are you going to be dragged in at the tail end? "Are you men of Alabama willing to hazard your reputation with posterity by going against the most progressive movement of the age? "We used to say 'equal suffrage is coming.' Now we say 'the woman's hour has struck.' A POLITICAL ISSUE "Equal suffrage is no longer an academic question; it has become a great political issue, and you had best decide how you are going to meet it." Miss Annie Doughty outlines the standard of the "former woman" and the "modern woman." She spoke of the uselessness of the lives formerly lived by women, treating the subject in a more or less facetious vein, but with a strain of sincerity which was convincing. "From the age of frailty and uselessness woman came to the pedestal stage," she said. "Then when she viewed the world from that point she decided to go down into the world and see what it was all about. And she went, and then was born the 'new woman.' "Then came the time of the 'angel woman,' which reigned until woman decided that she would not be in the 'angel class' any longer. Miss Doughty referred to the heroic life of Anne Hutchinson and urged the suffragists to let the courage of this woman make them brave when they found difficult conditions confronting them. "I want to leave this message with you," said Miss Doughty, "and that is that new things are now coming to life. "When we look at the great war and see what the women of those countries are doing we can only feel that we must come out of the old life and into the new." TRIBUTE TO ALABAMA WOMAN She paid a tribute to the women of Alabama. "I congratulate you one and all for the effort you are making in this suffrage movement. I would see you go on to victory." To the men she made a plea for the vote for the women of Alabama. "Give your women the vote, don't make them beg for it," she said. "Let them be your co-workers; let them help you to make this on-going world a better world in every way." Mrs. D. A. Echols, the first Alabama woman to be named on a board of education, made a short talk on how it feels to be a woman on such a board. Mrs. C. H. Ohme, member of the county school board, spoke of the educational influence equal suffrage will lend to the Alabama vote. She submitted figures to show that there are more women who finish school in Alabama than men. "Is Alabama to be deprived of this educated vote?" she asked. "I maintain that Alabama needs efficiency in all lines and especially the mother line," she said. MRS. PARKE SPEAKS Mrs. Julian B. Parke, recently re-elected president of the Alabama Equal Suffrage association, spoke on the methods of the antis, and other phases of the suffrage question. "We are asking you to give us the vote by which he may alter conditions so that men and women may lead moral lives," she said. "Of course no one can say what the result will be. However, we have history to teach is that when we are doing right, we know the end will be right." Miss Mary Parke London spoke of the activities of the suffrage school, and asked for funds to defray its expenses. A generous response was made. Suffrage week in Birmingham, which ha[?s] been featured by the state conve[?n]tion and the suffrage school of the national association, will come to a cl[?o]se with the sessions of the school t[?od]ay and speaking by local suffrag[?ist]s on downtown street corners this [?eve]ning. ORGANIZATION IS SPEAKERS' THEME AT SUFFRAGE SCHOOL First Sessions Are Largely Attended. Gentle Methods Advocated in Getting Votes RESULTS IN NEW YORK Alabama Workers Are Complimented. Have Little to Undo, Says Speaker "Organization," the theme of Miss Annie Doughty, of New York, in the suffrage school, which started at 10 o'clock Wednesday morning at the Tutwiler hotel, held the interest of the "students" throughout her explanation of the manner in which the state of New York was organized for work on the voters, and how that organization, by virtue of the lines on which it is modeled, managed to secure the attention of the politician to such an extent that that individual now is being careful of what he says and does and thinks. The school for suffrage, being conducted by the national officers of the suffragists under the auspices of the Birmingham Equal Suffrage association, was largely attended Wednesday. The sessions will continue through Saturday, with a public meeting Friday night, at which the three teachers will deliver addresses. The teachers are Mrs. Hulsey W. Wilson, of White Plains, N.Y.; Mrs. T.T. Cotnam, of Little Rock, Ark., and Miss Annie Doughty. Mrs. Cotnam Speaks Mrs. Cotnam was the first speaker Wednesday, stressing the importance of publicity in suffrage propaganda, and urging her hearers to use gentle methods in arousing sentiment for suffrage. "Let us have a very friendly spirit ," she pleaded, "and be sure to let your newspapers know how much you appreciate space given to suffrage news. The newspaper reflects the sentiment of the community, and when you arouse enough sentiment in favor of suffrage you will get all the newspaper space you desire. "We want crowds to attend suffrage meetings, for crowds indicate interest in what is being done. Don't take the attitude that people won't come to your meetings, but go out and hire the biggest hall in the city and fill it with people. Your mental attitude has much to do with it." Miss Doughty's subject, "Organization," she declared to be the most potent factor in the work of the suffragists today. "We must organize to win," she declared. "All through our swing around the country on the conduct of suffrage schools we have been told to wait until we got to Birmingham, and we would find an organization. 'They know how to do things in Birmingham' we were told, 'and you will find them organized.' But I am going to talk to you about organization, anyhow. Secured Results. "We found in New York 60 years ago that nothing could be accomplished without organization. We had been knocking at the doors of our legislat[?ure] [?] for years, and [??] nse to our pleas [??] e argued and did [??] w to do without [??] the idea of really PROMINENT SUFFRAG[?I]STS IN BIRMINGHAM [*Birmingham Ledger Feb. 14, '17*] Photo by Birmingham View Co. Above left-- Mrs. C. L Moss, President of the Warrior association, the youngest in the state. Above right --Miss Frances Griffin of Mongomery, the oldest suffragist in attendance and Miss Elizabeth Lusk of Guntersville, the youngest in attendance. Below--National suffragist leaders who are instructors in the suffrage school beginning today. Left to right--Mrs. Harvey W. Wilson, Miss Annie Dougherty, of New York city and Mrs. I. T. Cotnam, of Arkansas. ORGANIZATION IS SPEAKERS' THEME AT SUFFRAGE SCHOOL (Continued From Page One.) parties are organized, having officers just as these parties have them, and having a captain in charge of every election district in the entire state of New York. These election district or precinct captains are responsible for the vote in the particular districts of which they have charge. Previous to the organization, chaos resulted at conventions. It was only when the unification of all facts was accomplished that the equal suffrage party of New York came into being. Many of us were willing to take up the new idea with Mrs. Catt as leader, but we little dreamed of the gigantic proportions the organization would attain. "And now Mrs. Catt is planning a unification of all the states under the New York plan, with workers in every precinct in the whole country, right down where the voters are, keeping tab on the politician in his own home, and keeping an accurate record of every he does for or against suffrage, or the things which suffrage stands for. And the idea is going further, for when this cruel war is ended, Mrs. Catt, as international president, will take up the idea of a world unification, under this plan, and it will mean a united womanhood the world over. Little to Undo "The idea of organization in Alabama has been splendidly planted. You have so little to undo. "But if we are to win our fight for the enfranchisement of woman, and become voters, the very frist thing we must learn is the true meaning of democracy. We must take all the people unto ourselves in this organization--democracy. It means going to the people and educating them up to what we believe to be just and right. It means getting down to the voter, for that's what we've got to do. "And, be sure to keep an absolutely accurate record of all politicians in their attitude towards suffrage, for, if nothing else, it sometimes make most interesting reading on a dull afternoon, when you observe the changes of time." On Suffrage History. Mrs. Wilson delivered an address on suffrage history, reciting the growth of the movement since its inception in New York many years ago; of how it had grown from a few scattered bodies of women fighting in an aimless fashion for what then was termed "woman's rights" into a compact, orderly organization, which knows just what it wants and knows just how to go about getting what it wants and is doing. "I believe in the philosophy of service," she declared. "Woman suffrage is but a part of the big movement toward democracy. It is the business of woman to arouse her social consciousness and to further the coming of democracy by assuming political responsibilities." The morning session of the school ended at 12 o'clock. The afternoon started in the lounge at the Tutwiler at 2 o'clock. Throughout the remainder of the week, the school will be conducted in the ball room at the Tutwiler, and the afternoon session will start at 2:30 instead of 2 o'clock. ALABAMA RANKS HIGH IN SUFFRAGE [*Age Herald Feb 15, 17*] Mrs. Wilson Delighted With Conditions Here SCHOOL UNDER WAY Mass Meeting Will Be Held at the Tutwiler Tomorrow Night, to Which Public Will Be Invited Alabama already ranks as the leading state of the south in suffrage organization, and much impetus is expected to be added to the movement, by the suffrage school being conducted at the Tutwiler this week, according to Mrs. H. W. Wilson of New York, one of the prominent suffrage leaders in charge of the school. More than 200 students are attending the sessions, which began at the Tutwiler yesterday and will continue through the week. The second day's session will be held today in the ballroom of the Tutwiler, and will open at 10 o'clock this morning. Mrs. Wilson, Miss Annie Doughty of New York and Mrs. T. P. Cotnam of Arkansas, who arrived in Birmingham yesterday, are enthusiastic over suffrag[e] conditions which greeted them, and th[e] plans made for conducting the school. "It was quite an inspiration to us t[o] get off the train, and see a "Welcom[e] Suffragists" sign floating over the Terminal station," said Mrs. Wilson, "and the[n] when we arrived at the Tutwiler there was another one, and inside the hotel a regular suffrage atmosphere seemed to reign. "I believe that under such propitious conditions, Birmingham and Alabama will be able to get the best possible results from the suffrage school which we ar[e] conducting. Our methods are entirely practical. We have so little time to devote to each city that we cannot devote much of it to preliminaries. Therefore, when we find a place organized, ready and waiting as we have found Birmingham, we can get right down to business and accomplish the best results." Mrs. Wilson has conducted a number of suffrage schools throughout the country, many of them into the south, and she says that the sentiment in Birmingham and Alabama seems to be more nearly crystallized than in any city she has visited. "It speaks well for the leadership of the women who are heading the suffrage movement in the state," she said, "and for the high standard of intellect of Alabama women. It is especially interesting to me to know that not only the women, but the men in Alabama are organized. "I think the future for suffrage in your state is very, very bright." In the student body are many suffragists from different parts of the state, a number of them having remained over from the convention which closed Tuesday. This morning, Miss Doughty will conduct a class in organization, and Mrs. Wilson will conduct one in history. Mrs. Wilson will also speak on money raising, MENU Martha Washington Candy Store Quality First WELCOME! 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Bowron, president of the local association, under whose supervision the school is being conducted by the national association, is delighted with the opening of the school, and with the speakers who have been sent by the national organization to conduct it. Friday night, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Cotnam, Miss Doughty and several local women will speak at a mass meeting at the Tutwiler, to which the public will be invited. The school opened yesterday morning with instructions by Miss Doughty on organization. Mrs. Wilson spoke on suffrage history, and Mrs. Cotnam on press work and public speaking. [*Age-Herald Feb. 18, '17*] EQUAL SUFFRAGISTS PLEASED WITH WORK DURING PAST WEEK Believe Meeting of Association and the School Have Advanced Cause CROWDS GATHERED AT MEETINGS ON STREETS Suffrage Week and Accompanying Campaign Came to Close Last Night- Mrs. Cotnam Was Principal Speaker By WINNIE FREEMAN Whether or not the women of Alabama are ever accorded the much contested vote they have had their day. For one entire week equal suffrage has held sway in Birmingham; suffrage slogans have floated from downtown lamp posts; "ballots for both" banners have waved their challenge in every conceivable place; expert women speakers have flaunted their knowledge in the face of the dear public at mass meetings and from downtown street corners; and the word "suffrage" has resounded throughout the city from end to end. And the suffragists rejoice. They believe that Alabama has made a great step forward during the past week. They believe that persons who have been staunch antis have been taught the folly of their ways, and have come into the fold of the believer. THINK CAUSE ADVANCED They believe that Alabama men have been taught to see Alabama women in a new light, and they believe that from out the shadow of oppression the Alabama woman is coming into her own, and that the activities of the past week have done much to bring about the once-considered impossible--the privilege of equal suffrage. Suffrage week, with its accompanying campaign came to a close last night with speaking on the downtown corners by the three prominent suffragists who have been conducting the suffrage school, and by local suffragists. Despite the rather chilling blasts that blew around the First National bank corner, and the corner of Nineteenth street and Second avenue, several hundred people gathered at each place to hear the cause of suffrage expounded. MRS. COTNAM SPEAKS Mrs. C. T. Cotnam of Arkansas, generally acknowledged to be among the leading women speakers of the world, held a big crowd at the Nineteenth street corner, while Miss Doughty and Mrs. Wilson were speaking at the First National bank. There may have been curiosity seekers in the crowd, but if there were they must have felt lonesome when constant rounds of applause greeted one assertion after another coming from the mouth of Mrs. Cotnam and the other speakers. Among the local suffragists who spoke were Mrs. Julius Bonelli, Miss Nell Freeman, Miss Vann Nette of the University of Alabama, and Commissioner Arlie Barber. The speakers made their addresses from automobiles, draped with the suffrage yellow, and wore the "Votes For Women" streamers. Yesterday afternoon, Miss Newcombe, leading lady playing with Robert Edeson at the Jefferson, spoke to the suffrage school. Sessions of the school were held both yesterday morning and yesterday afternoon. HATTIE HIGHLANDS WRITES OF [?] OF THE SUFFRAGISTS [*Age Herald Feb 18 '17*] Dear Becky: You just don't know how very gay we have been down here with so many parties and the town full of suffragists attending the state convention and the suffrage school at the Tutwiler. I heard one of the women say: "You know, I certainly am glad that the teachers were such sweet and attractive women as all the men seem to expect one, if they believe in "Votes for Women," to wear the most masculine clothes and have a voice of the same sex, but they were just lovely and were quite as womanly as any man would wish h[?is] wife or mother. I believe that the co[?n]vention has made lots of women wake u[?p] who will now sit up and take n[?o]tice. I met a young western fellow a few evenings ago, and he said: "Yo[?u] know, when I saw 'Ballots for Both' on the streamers I gazed a moment at them and couldn't understand what on earth they meant, as I come from Kansas where the men have already given women the vote, and they are making good, too. Speaking of suffragists we are regretting the departure yesterday afternoon, while Capital City rejoices, of Mrs. J.T. Slatter, who you remember as the lovely Octavia Lauderdale of Selma who, after a short visit with her sister Mrs. G. Crawford Phillips in Selma, with her husband and lovely little daughter, Ann, make Montgomery her future, home. The Equal Suffrage association of Birmingham, on several occasions during suffrage school and convention, eulogized in glowing terms Mrs. Slatter's charm of personality and her very splendid work as their publicity chairman. Particularly happy was she is her unique decoration of the whole city. Most successfully did she secure the co-operation of the merchants and greatly did she stimulate, by her own enthusiastic efforts in the "cause." Equal Suff, to suffragists, is a religion, in it they see the highest good for man and woman kind obtainable through legislation attained. Already several other cities and state associations are trying to enlist and persuade Mrs. Slatter to their aid. She goes to her new home leaving a host of friends behind her, but they are very glad that Alabama still does claim her for her own. It is hoped that frequent visits to and from the sister city will keep us stil as warm in her heart and mind as she will be in ours. In Montgomery all suffragists will know she will continue working ardently, enthusiastically and courageously for "Ballots for Both." In that city she, and we have first cause to rejoice in the fact that there exultingly and gloriously we will have at last given us her and our dearest wish, "Votes for Women." [*Birmingham Age Herald Feb 7 14 '17*] SUFFRAGE SCHOOL WILL BEGIN TODAY To Be Conducted by Prominent Leaders in Cause TWO HUNDRED ENROLL Visiting Women Will Address Mass Meeting at the Tutwiler Hotel in Interest of Equal Suffrage Mrs. T. P. Cotnam of Arkansas, Mrs. H. W. Wilson of New York and Miss Annie Doughty of New York will arrive in Birmingham at 7:30 o'clock this morning to preside over the suffrage school which will open at 10 o'clock at the Tutwiler hotel. Due to the fact that the ballroom, where the sessions were scheduled to take place, has been engaged for today, the morning and afternoon sessions of the first day will be held on the mezzanine floor. All sessions during the remainder of the week will be held in the ballroom. Two hundred suffragists from all parts of Alabama have arrived in Birmingham and will attend the school. Many delegates remained over from the suffrage school, which closed last night, to take advantage of the courses to be offered, and additional students arrived last night. A number of men have enrolled for the school and will attend all the sessions. Friday night a mass meeting will be held in the ballroom at the Tutwiler, when the three prominent visiting suffragists will speak. Several Alabama women will also appear on the programme. The school is being conducted under the supervision of the local association, by the national association. Courses in organization, history, press work, public speaking, argument, parliamentary law and other suffrage factors will be conducted. SCHEDULE OF CLASSES The schedule for the four-day session is as follows: Wednesday - 10:00 to 10:45, organization, Miss Doughty; 10:45 to 11:30, suffrage history, Mrs. Wilson; 11:30 to 12:00, press work, Mrs. Cotnam; 2:00 to 3:00, public speaking, Mrs. Cotnam; 3:00 to 3:45, argument, Mrs. Wilson; 3:45 to 4:00, questions; 4:00 to 4:30, parliamentary law, Miss Doughty. Thursday - 10:00 to 10:45, organization, Miss Doughty; 10:45 to 11:30, suffrage history, Mrs. Wilson; 11:30 to 12:00, press work, Mrs. Cotnam; 2:00 to 3:00, public speaking, Mrs. Cotnam; 3:00 to 3:45, argument, Mrs. Wilson; 3:45 to 4:00, questions; 4:00 to 4:30, money raising, Mrs. Wilson. Friday - 10:00 to 10:45, organization, Miss Doughty; 10:45 to 11:30, suffrage history, Mrs. Wilson; 11:30 to 12:00, 3:45, argument, Mrs. Wilson; 3:45 to 4:30, general quiz, all instructors. Saturday—10:00 to 10:45. organization, Miss Doughty; 10:45 to 11:30, suffrage history, Mrs. Wilson: 11:30 to 12:00, press work, Mrs. Cotnam; 2:00 to 3:00, public speaking, Mrs. Cotnam; 3:00 to 3:45. argument, Mrs. Wilson; 3:45 to 4:30, general quiz, all instructors. Friday, February 16, 8:00 p.m. public speaking. THOSE ENROLLED Among those enrolled are: Mrs. Edmund Armes, Mrs. J. S. Amos, Mrs. W. J. Adams, Mrs. Ida Adams, Miss Ruth Allen, Mrs. Josie H. Brooks, Mrs. Jack Bowron, Miss Helen Benners, Miss Hortense Bissell, Mrs. Samuel Batson, Mrs. Buchanan, Mrs. T. P. Byrnes, Mrs. C. J. Barnes, Mrs. Mary G. Boshwith, Mrs. Walter Beasley, Mrs. George Brown, Mrs. E. W. Barrett, Mrs. Elwyn Ballard, Mrs. I. C. Beatty, Mrs. E. M. Caldwell, Mrs. H. L. Coleman, Miss Ella Conley, Miss Byrd S. Clark, Mrs. Charles S. Caldwell, Mrs. Norborne Cocke, Mrs. Chappell Cory, Mrs. Ed Campbell. Mrs. H. F. DeBardeleben, Miss Nell Douglass, Mrs. Mabel V. Divelbiss, Mrs. H. W. Emrick, Miss Hannah Elliott, Mrs. Richard Fell, Mrs. J. W. Fain, Mrs. Hill Ferguson, Mrs. Fisch, Mrs. Rosa Starr Granville. Mrs. Belle Goar, Miss Marian Goar, Mrs. O. R. Hundley. Mrs. Belle Hill, Mrs. Alice Heath, Miss Carrie Hill, Mrs. A. F. Hull, Mrs. J. O. Hannum, Mrs. Luke Hunt, Mrs. Charles Hogue. Mrs. A. B. Harris, Mrs. Frank Holt, Mrs. Howard Harrison, Miss Emmie Irion, Mrs. Flanders Johnston, Mrs. R. F. Johnston, Mrs. R. E. Jackson, Mrs. Solon Jacobs, Mrs. F.M. Jackson, Mrs. V. W. Long. Miss Mary Parke London, Mrs. G. M. Lathem, Mrs. W. C. Lloyd, Mrs. S. L. Ledbetter, Miss Florence McCrossin, Miss Meehan, Mrs. E. L. Muchmore, Mrs. W. L. Murdoch, Mrs. .James McKenzie, Miss Nell Macy, Mrs. Henry Brown, Mrs. Sarah E. Malone, Mrs. J. H. Mayer, Mrs. R. G. McCarthy, Mrs. H. O. Moore, Mrs. John D. McNeel, Mrs. L. B. Morrow, Mrs. Maloney, Mrs. J. B. McLean, Mrs. Nixon Norris, Mrs. W. D. Nesbitt, Mrs. Conrad H. Ohme, Mrs. H. G. Oliver, Mrs. Oney, Mrs. Walter Phillips, Mrs. Fred Phillips, Miss Helen Pence, Mrs. Sarah Phelan, Mrs. J. L. Page, Mrs. C. W. Richardson, Mrs. J. J. Rogers, Miss Katie Rummage, Mrs. Lee Rust, Mrs. E. W. Rucker, Jr., Mrs. E. T. Rice, Mrs. F. F. Schroeder, Mrs. H. H. Snell, Mrs. J. T. Slatter, Miss Winifred Ford, Miss Marian Ford, Mrs. Burnham, Mrs. C. H. Becker, Mrs. A. J. Gilmore, Mrs. Robert Lawrence, Mrs. L. A. Sweatt, Mrs. C. J. Sharp, Mrs. M. Sirles, Mrs. Charles M. Spencer, Mrs. A. M. Taylor, Mrs. M. L. Trigg, Mrs. B. A. Vaughan, Mrs. F. B. Vernon, Miss Amelia Worthington, Mrs. W. N. Wood, Mrs. Eugenia Wheeler, Miss Bissie Williams, Mrs. R. W. Watts, Mrs. T. I. Woodruff. OUT-OF-TOWN LIST Alexander City—Mrs. G. F. Parke. Mrs. V. W. Williams. Athens—Mrs. Homer French, Miss Pleasants Hobbs, Mrs. Roy Osborne, Miss Malone. Ashland—Mrs. R. H. Pruett. Clanton—Mrs. N. S. Johnson. Columbiana—Mrs. Koenig, Miss Winnie Brooks. Gadsden—Miss Annie Joe Coates. Mrs. N. S. Coates. Mrs. A. L. Brod, Mrs. Charlotte Cox, Mrs. William Wilson. Georgiana—Miss Marguerite Cage. Guntersville—Mrs. John Lusk, Mrs. O. D. Street, Mrs. Oscar Horton. Cullman—Mrs. Helen Pollak. Huntsville—Mrs. Felix Baldridge, Mrs. Milton Humes, Mrs. Albert Matthews, Miss Adele Owen-Wilson. Jasper—Mrs. Jack Cranford, Mrs. T. J. Ponder, the Rev. T. J. Ponder. Hurtsboro—Mrs. Lucy Hawkins. Marion—Miss Ida Erkman-Robertson. Montgomery—Mrs. J. O. Bonelli, Miss Frances Griffin. Mobile—Mrs. Martin Holbrook. Livingston—Mrs. Thomas F. Seale. Selma—Mrs. T. H. Miller, Mrs. Alonzo Cory, Mrs. J. B. Parke, Mrs. J. G. Wilkins. Tuscaloosa—Mrs. K. L. Pritchett. Mrs. F.C. Turner. University—Miss A. P. Van Nette, Miss Avis Wilson, Miss Irene Waldhorst. Warrior—Mrs. C. L. Moss Mr. C. L. Moss, Professor Snoddy, Misses Bowen, Mrs. Montgomery, Mrs. Fouts, Mrs. B W. Burton, Mrs. E. L. Hubbard, Mrs. Hamilton, Mr. Hamilton. Roanoke—Miss Lurline Griffin. Americus, Ga.—Miss Margaret Forman. Columbus, Ga.—Mrs. T. S. Settle. [*B. News Feb 18 '17*] LIBRARY OFFERS SUFFRAGE BOOKS Up-to-Date Collection, Pro and Con, Are Catalogued on Local Shelves. After a tremendously successful suffrage week in Birmingham interest in this subject is more than usually keen, not only among those who have attended the convention meetings and the sessions of the Suffrage School, but among the casual passersby who have noticed the decorations and the banners, and on whose minds the slogan "Ballots for Both" has made, through alliteration and reiteration, a real impression. Now is the time for this casual observer, who has hitherto known little of suffrage and cared less, to acquaint himself with the progress of this great movement and to learn its raison d'etre. On the shelves of the Public Library is a good and up-to-date collection of books on woman suffrage, pro and con. Here are some of their titles: Nellie McClung, "In Times Like These." An interesting, informal and forceful argument for suffrage. John Martin, "Feminism, Its Fallacies and Follies." A. D. Miller, "Are Women People?" Deliciously witty verses showing up the foibles of the antis. A. H. Shaw, "Story of a Pioneer." As interesting as a novel. Ewanwick. "Future of the Woman Movement." An English view. Fiction - Canfield, "The Bent Twig;" Daskam, "Today's Daughter;" Glasgow, "Life and Gabriella;" Harris, "Co-Citizens;" Martin, "Her Husband's Purse;" Wells, "Wife of Sir Isaac Harmon." BIG CROWDS HEAR SUFFRAGISTS TALK School Conducted Since State Convention Brought to a Brilliant Close. Thousands of Birmingham citizens were attracted to Second Avenue from far above Twentieth Street to just as far below Nineteenth Street when suffrage leaders spoke for the enfranchisement of women from automobiles at the First National Bank corner and at Saks corner. Mrs. H. C. Wilson, Mrs. T. P. Cotnam, and Miss Annie Doughty, instructors of the Suffrage School given in Birmingham under the auspices of the American National Woman Suffrage Association and nationally recognized as suffrage leaders were the principal speakers of the evening. Local speakers were Mrs. Julia Bonelli, Arlie Barber, Miss Nell Freeman, and Miss Allison Van Nette, of the University of Alabama. Saturday night shoppers and theatergoers and whoever happened to be on the streets while the suffragists were speaking stopped for the occasion, and most of them stayed through all the speeches which lasted from 8 o'clock until 10 o'clock. The Saturday night street meeting of the suffragists closed the acknowledged greatest week of suffrage activities ever held in Birmingham. STEEL INJUNCTION DISSOLVED. NEWARK, N. J., Feb. 17. - The attempt of C. H. Venner, holder of 100 shares of Bethlehem Steel stock, to prevent the cutting of a $30,000,000 stock dividend melon and the cash sale to stockholders of $15,000,000 new nonvoting stock failed today when Vice Chancellor Lane cancelled a temporary injunction against the corporation. SUFFRAGE STREET MEETING WILL BE HELD TONIGHT Meridian holds the first suffrage street meeting ever held in the state under the auspices of the National Suffrage association at the corner of Citizens Bank building from automobiles. These meetings have been held all over the world, and Meridian people will be given a street meeting tonight. The speakers are national workers, Mrs. H. W. Wilson of White Plains New York; Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, of Arkansas, and Miss Doughty of New York City. Among others who will be present are Miss Orr of Columbus, state president of Mississippi Woman Suffrage association; Miss Estelle Crane, of Belzoni, secretary of suffrage school, and Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr., vice president of state and president of local suffrage association. The meeting will be held at 5:15 p. m. Among local suffragists who sponsor the street meeting are Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr., Mrs. Gus Kendall, Mrs. Leo Wellhouse, Mrs. J. M. Harwell, Mrs. E. A. Morrison, Mrs. Neita Russell Christian, Mrs. L. C. Perkins, Miss Mattie Thornton, Mrs. Henry Brooke, Miss Margaret Hodges, Mrs. A. S. Bozeman, Mrs. M. R. Grant, Mrs. Guthrie and Mrs. Albert Weems and many others. [ond], it would benefit the women themselves.” Mrs. Wilson in discussing the suffrage argument, said there were no arguments against suffrage. She paid high tribute to woman’s great potentialities. She referred to the evolution of democracy, and interestingly told the woman’s first fight for higher education, when she was allowed to sit beyond the pale of the colleges and universities and “catch the crumbs that fell from the table.” She gave the theory of the argument side of suffrage and backed it with practical facts to her. Taxation Without Representation. She said that Mississippi women pay two-thirds of the taxes paid into the coffers of the state, which is sufficient reason for the thinking women to sit up and take notice “You cannot say what these taxes shall be; neither can you say anything further.. The men take the responsibilities away from you when you just pay your taxes.” In speaking of how the vote [would] be bettered, she referred to [the fact] that one-third of the [graduates from] the high schools are girls, [and that] [the thousands of club women] [??? of] United States would become voters also. Of the “immoral vote” she said statistics had it that 5 per cent of the criminals in the United States are women, 95 per cent are men. “Are you club women willing to work and give yourself form, shape and purpose plans for civic improvements, charities, etc.; and let the men say: ‘You have done this beautifully, now let the town take it out of your hands. You can go no further with it?’” Splendid addreses were made from an automobile at six o’clock yesterday afternoon by the three national speakers, each speech being along general suffrage lines. An immense crowd gathered on the corner at the Citizens Bank building and listened intently to the speakers. Accompanying them were Miss Orr and Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr., the state and local presidents. These street meetings were indorsed and sponsored by the following members of the local organization: Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr., Mrs. Gus Kendall, Mrs. Leo Wellhouse, Mrs. J. M. Harwell, Mrs. E. A. Morrison, Mrs. Neita Russell Christian, Mrs. L. C. Perkins, Miss Mattie Thornton, Mrs. Henry Brooke, Miss Margaret Hodges, Mrs. A. S. Bozeman, Mrs. M. R. Grant, Mrs. Guthrie and Mrs. Albert Weems and many others. MERIDIAN IS WOMEN'S HOST Suffrage School for the State Begins Here Under Most Favorable Auspices. (Continued from page one.) you going to put your name on history's page by helping to 'get it?'" Much time was given to a history of organization in New York City and other places, but the speaker decried the idea of hoping to gain much by the means of leagues and clubs. She urged the organization of activities in local voting precincts, and for the suffrage worker to "go down among the voters and get close to their political life and the way they get things." "The population of Meridian," said the speaker, "is 40,000. The plans set forth at these meetings should be spread all over the state. Leagues are all right for beginnings--they create a social atmosphere and are a means of making money--but they are not the way to strike to get the ballot. Begin with the counties and then the wards and get active, strong workers to take the reins in these voting places." True Basis of Democracy. Miss Doughty said Mrs. Catt meant to carry her work of the suffrage school into the foreign nations after the war, if it is possible. "We will never reach the true state of democracy," said Miss Doughty, "until men and women meet on a common ground in life, especially in the matter of the ballot." One of the greatest and most vital addresses ever delivered before a Meridian audience was that given by Mrs. Wilson on "History of Suffrage." She began her address with a pertinent remark and begged the women not to forget that it never was designed by Providence that woman should be subordinated or subjected to man "Let me disabuse you and everyone of the idea that woman belongs to a disgruntled sex," said Mrs. Wilson Beginning with the early days in Egypt when women were co-partners with men, she followed the progress of events through the Jewish reign; woman not perfect or angelic--just as she is today--but struggling for her rights. She spoke of the Grecian era when the men, in order to produce better statesmen, gave more liberties to women intellectually. The Cradle of Suffrage, Roman history was graphically referred to, and the speaker said that the cradle of the suffrage movement was in the revolutionary period in France, when one stout-hearted woman said she thought the women of France who had suffered and struggled should have a voice in the Commune as well as the men. She said the Code of Justinian, enacted at this time, spread into the other countries and set the pace for the laws of the world. These laws were hard on women, taking away their rights of ownership, right to own property, etc. She spoke in glowing terms of the part Christianity played in suffrage, and said Paul preached his doctrines to the height of his education, as did the apostles, but it was Christ who thought of the woman. She spoke of the time when "women should not be heard in churches or in other public meeting places"; the Elizabethean age; the writings of Shakespeare, with his "Portia," "Cordelia" and other characters pictured by the immortal bard. Beautifully she referred to Socialism which she said "grants everyone a slice of happiness and the ability to earn it." Compliments Local Press. Mrs. Cotnam gave a splendid talk on press work and publicity, and paid high tribute to the local press for their articles and editorials. She urged the suffragists' to have cooking schools and food sales to advertise suffrage; and said, "hang high such placards, as this, "Toothsome Dainties From Suffrage Cooks.' " Among the many appreciated remarks made, interspersing the propaganda lecture, was that voicing the gratitude of the national trio for the generosity of the Meridian people and their cordial reception, saying they looked with pleasure upon Marks- Rothenberg's window, all in a glory of yellow and black; also the windows of many others who allowed the local workers to place therein the yellow slips on which are written, "Votes for Women." The President's Words. In referring to the stand taken by President Wilson, Mrs. Cotnam said, "Remember what was said regarding suffrage. In my memory will ever ring these words, 'It is a winning force. It is the study of life.' And when he went to New Jersey and cast his vote for suffrage, he said 'I have come to fight with you.' " The afternoon session was most interesting with all three instructors regular fighting forces of the for the information of Presi- Wilson. The report will deal [?]estions both of personnel and [?] l. From it the commander in will be able to form an exact the state of the nation's de- most immediate need in both [?]my and navy is for officers and Neither service has been able to fill up to the authorized [?]h. It will be shown in the re- however, that every effort has made to overcome this difficulty. [?]onal recruiting stations are be- [?]ened throughout the country [?]he navy department is getting [?]ommunication with retired offi- [?]nd enlisted men, as well as en- men discharged in recent years, [?]n view to drawing them into ac- [?]ervice should the need arise. Construction Speeded. also will be shown that while has been some speeding up of construction through the co- [?]tion of ship builders having gov- [?]nt contracts and also through [?]ension of labor hours at navy ext[?] dical measures will be neces- [?]s. r[?] accomplish important results to [?]rection. Authority to com- [?]deer private plants and to sus- the eight-hour law on navy con- [?]s has been included in the pend- navy appropriation bill. [?] he navy department is taking steps [?]ender its executive work more ef- [?]nt. By agreement with the war [?]artment, thirteen additional rooms [?]e been transferred to naval [?]ablishment in the state, war and [?]vy building. It is probable that the [?]vy general board, the office of di- [?]ctor of communications and the na- [?]l intelligence office will be given [?]w quarters in the big building in [?]der to place them in closer touch [?]ith Admiral Benson, chief of opera- [?]ons, and the secretary of the navy. [?]hey are now quartered in private [?]uildings at some distance from the [?]tment. STEAMER SINKS GERMAN U-BOAT Submarine at First Mistaken For Sailboat is Sent Down by [?] 0002 urged the organization of activities in local voting precincts, and for the suffrage worker to "go down among the voters and get close to their political life and the way they get things." "The population of Meridian," said the speaker, "is 40,000. The plans set forth at these meetings should be spread all over the state. Leagues are all right for beginnings--they create a social atmosphere and are a means of making money--but they are not the way to strike to get the ballot. Begin with the counties and then the wards and get active, strong workers to take the reins in these voting places." True Basis of Democracy. Miss Doughty said Mrs. Catt meant to carry her work of the suffrage school into the foreign nations after the war, if it is possible. "We will never reach the true state of democracy," said Miss Doughty, "until men and women meet on a common ground in life, especially in the matter of the ballot." One of the greatest and most vital addresses ever delivered before a Meridian audience was that given by Mrs. Wilson on "History of Suffrage." She began her address with a pertinent remark and begged the women not to forget that it never was designed by Providence that woman should be subordinated or subjected to man. "Let me disabuse you and everyone of the idea that woman belongs to a disgruntled sex," said Mrs. Wilson. Beginning with the early days in Egypt when women were co-partners with men, she followed the progress of events through the Jewish reign; woman not perfect or angelic--just as she is today--but struggling for her rights. She spoke of the Grecian era when the men, in order to produce better statesmen, gave more liberties to woman intellectually. The Cradle of Suffrage. Roman history was graphically referred to, and the speaker said that the cradle of the suffrage movement was in the revolutionary period in France, when one stout-hearted woman said she thought the women of France who had suffered and struggled should have a voice in the Commune as well as the men. She said the Code of Justinian, enacted at this time, spread into the other countries and set the pace for the laws of the world. These laws were hard on women, taking away their rights of ownership, right to own property, etc. She spoke in glowing terms of the part Christianity played in suffrage, and said Paul preached his doctrines to the height of his education, as did the apostles, but it was Christ who thought of the woman. She spoke of the time when "women should not be heard in churches or in other public meeting places"; the Elizabethean age; the writings of Shakespeare, with his "Portia," "Cordelia" and other characters pictured by the immortal bard. Beautifully she referred to Socialism which she said "grants everyone a slice of happiness and the ability to earn it." Compliments Local Press. Mrs. Cotnam gave a splendid talk on press work and publicity, and paid high tribute to the local press for their articles and editorials. She urged the suffragists' to have cooking schools and food sales to advertise suffrage; and said, "hang high such placards, as this, 'Toothsome Dainties From Suffrage Cooks.' " Among the many appreciated remarks made, interspersing the propaganda lecture, was that voicing the gratitude of the national trio for the generosity of the Meridian people and their cordial reception, saying they looked with pleasure upon Marks- Rothenberg's window, all in a glory of yellow and black; also the windows of many others who allowed the local workers to place therein the yellow slips on which are written, "Votes for Women." The President's Words. In referring to the stand taken by President Wilson, Mrs. Cotnam said, "Remember what was said regarding suffrage. In my memory will ever ring these words, 'It is a winning force. It is the study of life.' And when he went to New Jersey and cast his vote for suffrage, he said 'I have come to fight with you.' " The afternoon session was most interesting with all three instructors speaking. Mrs. Cotnam, in advocating public speaking among women, said she knew she was advocating a strange doctrine in the South. But she said she herself was a southern woman and felt that women should put forth their best and strongest efforts to get the franchise. Anything they might do could be supported with womanly dignity. She said she would ask for volunteer speakers at this afternoon's session, on the following subject: "Mississippi should extend the franchise to include women, since, first, it would greatly benefit the state; sec- THE SUFFRAGE QUESTION. Mississippi, along with other states, must soon decide whether it will "crown its womanhood with the diadem of equal rights." The campaign is on everywhere. State after state is falling into line. The success of the movement has been almost co-extensive with the spread of prohibition, and like the latter reform it is making progress by individual state action. The South is conservative. It has been predicted that this section would not be so ready to adopt this innovation as other portions of the country have been. Consideration of the question in these parts is somewhat complicated by the general suffrage issue, and it was opposed in Tennessee on the ground that equal suffrage would open the polls to poorly qualified, ignorant negro women without accomplishing any good purpose for the state. The House passed the bill for submission; the Senate turned it down. The Dispatch apprehends that there will be some very vigorous discussion of the whole question, both before and after it comes before the legislature for decisive action. It is well to view carefully every angle of the situation. An opportunity will be given those interested to make a near-at-hand study of the proposition when the "free school of instruction," under direction of the National American Woman Suffrage association, opens at the City Hall in Meridion on Monday, the 19th. This is a school for the entire state, and it is expected that there will be many visitors to the city from other points in Mississippi. While this seems to be, judging from the program sent this paper by the Meridian Equal Suffrage league, largely a propaganda meeting, it is to be supposed that some of the vital points of the general question, pro and con, will be discussed. We judge that the meeting is largely for "the inner circle" - for those already "converted" - because of the following statement appearing on the program: "Visitors in single sessions must be known to those in charge and must pay 25 cents admission." Looks as though a person must have the password before she can get in. They haven't said yet whether they want the men to come a-tall. The Dispatch believes that equal suffrage is right in principle. We have never heard a single conclusive line of argument urged against it. It has worked out well in western and northern states. But that, of course, does not necessarily mean that it will operate advantageously in Mississippi at this time. In other words, it cannot and must not be considered in the abstract, for its application would be very concrete. The people of this state will be, and should be, reasonably slow to act. If the passage of an equal suffrage amendment will simply open the polls to the capable women of Mississippi, then by all means let's have it. MERIDIAN IS WOMEN'S HOST Suffrage School for the State Begins Here Under Most Favorable Auspices PRACTICAL TALK BY WORKERS Hundreds Gather Around Open-Air Speakers to Hear "Gospel of Freedom." It was novel sight in Meridian last evening to behold some three or four hundred people gathered on the Citizens National bank corner around a large touring car, from which an energetic woman was forcefully presenting an appeal for "Freedom." But this was only one incident of the week's program, which has made Meridian the mecca of equal suffrage advocates from various parts of the state. A suffrage school of instruction was begun yesterday morning in this city under the auspices of the National Woman's Suffrage association and the sessions will last until Wednesday noon, when the trio of instructors will leave for Baton Rouge, La. These workers are Mrs. H. W. Wilson, director of the school, from White Plains, N. Y.; Miss Anne Doughty of New York City, instructing in organization, and Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, of Little Rock, Ark., who handles press and publicity. All meetings are being held at the city hall, and the attendance yesterday at morning and afternoon sessions besepaks the enthusiasm and interest of the women of Meridian. Women who are suffragists and many who are known not to be in the rank and file were present. Ex-Mayor E. H. Dial was the only man present at yesterday's meetings. Miss Estelle Crane of Belzoni is the secretary. Mass Meeting Tonight. Much interest is being shown in the mass meeting that will be held tonight at the City hall. The national workers are especially interested in having every voter in the city of Merdian present. Mrs. Wilson announced at the morning meeting that there would be an address delivered on the international and national situation toward suffrage, bringing into prominence the political situations as they exist at the present time. At this meeting, Mayor Dabney, Councilmen Slaughter and Owen, and other prominent men of the city have been asked to occupy the rostrum with the national workers and state officers, these being Miss Paulina V. Orr, state president: Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr., first vice president of the State association and presidential of the local league and Miss Estelle Crane of Belzoni, state treasurer. This promises to be the most interesting mass meeting of its kind held since Dr. Anna Howard Shaw was here three years ago. The distinguished suffragists who are making Meridian their home for a few days arrived Sunday afternoon, and were met by a committee from the local league, composed of Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr., president; Mesdames Gus C. Kendall, E. A. Morrison, Henry Broks, Leo Wellhouse; Miss Mattie Thornton and Mrs. L. C. Perkins. The City's guests were escorted to Hotel Meridian where rooms had been reserved for them. Meridian a Natural Senter. Miss Pauline V. Orr, state president, opened the meeting yesterday morning, assuring the local women of her pleasure in having the suffrage school here and declaring that she had always thought Meridian a fine radiating point from which to work, a valuable center for the dissemination of democracy. Miss Orr introduced Mrs. Wilson, who extended greetings from the national association, and paid a high tribute to its "general," Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, who she said "occupies a position on the watch tower," and whose great perspective has given her this splendid idea of holding schools throughout the country in order to train the great army of suffragists just as great military armies are trained, that they may go forth on the battlefield and succeed. "This idea," said Mrs. Wilson, "is the culmination of her knowledge of the situation as it is, and with a vision and hope of the best results. Mrs. Catt thinks that this practical education will afford a better opportunity for you to follow the blazed trail made by the pioneers." able Auspices. PRACTICAL TALK BY WORKERS Hundreds Gather Around Open-Air Speakers to Hear "Gospel of Freedom." It was a novel sight in Meridian last evening to behold some three or four hundred people gathered on the Citizens National bank corner around a large touring car, from which an energetic woman was forcefully presenting an appeal for "Freedom." But this was only one incident of the week's program, which has made Meridian the mecca of equal suffrage advocates from various parts of the state. A suffrage school of instruction was begun yesterday morning in this city under the auspices of the National Woman's Suffrage association and the sessions will last until Wednesday noon, when the trio of instructors will leave for Baton Rouge, La. These workers are Mrs. H. W. Wilson, director of the school, from White Plains, N. Y.; Miss Anne Doughty of New York City, instructing in organization, and Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, of Little Rock Ark., who handles press and publicity. All meetings are being held at the city hall, and the attendance yesterday at morning and afternoon sessions besepaks the enthusiasm and interest of the women of Meridian. Women who are suffragists and many who are known not to be in the rank and file were present. Ex-Mayor E. H. Dial was the only man present at yesterday's meetings. Miss Estelle Crane of Belzoni is the secretary. Mass Meeting Tonight. Much interest is being shown in the mass meeting that will be held tonight at the City hall. The national workers are especially interested in having every voter in the city of Merdian present. Mrs. Wilson announced at the morning meeting that there would be an address delivered on the international and national situation toward suffrage, bringing into prominence the political situations as they exist at the present time. At this meeting, Mayor Dabney, Councilmen Slaughter and Owen, and other prominent men of the city have ben asked to occupy the rostrum with the national workers and state officers, these being Miss Paulina V. Orr, state president: Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr., first vice president of the State association and president of the local league, and Miss Estelle Crane of Belzoni, state treasurer. This promises to be the most interesting mass meeting of its kind held since Dr. Anna Howard Shaw was here three years ago. The distinguished suffragists who are making Meridian their home for a few days arrived Sunday afternoon, and were met by a committee from the local league, composed of Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr.. president: Mesdames Gus C. Kendall, E. A. Morrison, Henry Broks, Leo Wellhouse: Miss Mattie Thornton and Mrs. L. C. Perkins. The City's guests were escorted to Hotel Meridian where rooms had been reserved for them. Meridian a Natural Senter. Miss Pauline V. Orr, state president, opened the meeting yesterday morning, assuring the local women of her pleasure in having the suffrage school here and declaring that she had always thought Meridian a fine radiating point from which to work, a valuable center for the dissemination of democracy. Miss Orr introduced Mrs. Wilson, who extended greetings from the national association, and paid a high tribute to its "general," Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, who, she said "occupies a position on the watch tower," and whose great perspective has given her this splendid idea of holding schools throughout the country in order to train the great army of suffragists just as great military armies are trained, that they may go forth on the battlefield and succeed. "This idea," said Mrs. Wilson, "is the culmination of her knowledge of the situation as it is, and with a vision and hope of the best results. Mrs. Catt thinks that this practical education will afford a better opportunity for you to follow the blazed trail made by the pioneers." Miss Ann Doughty followed with a splendid lecture on "Organization. She first expressed her appreciation of having such a good audience, especially on Monday morning, when so many housewives are usually urgently called to remain in the home. A Prompt Reply. The speaker asked the question, "What do we suffragists want?" and the reply came immediately, "The Vote." "Well," said Miss Doughty, "what are you going to do about it? Are you going to take it when the time comes, and it is offered you, or are Continued on page two. [?]N STAR I[?] Every [?]ARY 20, 1917. See Date on Yellow Address Label on Your Paper. Subscription b[?] Short Crisp Talks Feature Second Days Session of Woman Suffrage School of Instruction The Suffrage School of Instruction opened its morning session with Mrs. Cotnam, of Arkansas, in charge to train the women in public speaking. Mrs. Cotnam is an able and eloquent supporter of the woman suffrage cause. She is the first woman who ever addressed the Arkansas legislature on the subject and helped secure the passage of a suffrage bill through that body. A gentleman who attended the street meeting yesterday afternoon said "that lady from Arkansas is a born orator; I want to hear her again." Mrs. Cotnam's morning program was to call on Meridian women to speak, having given them yesterday this statement on which to base their remarks: "Mississippi should extend the franchise to include the women, since, (1) It would greatly benefit the state, and (3) It would benefit the women themselves." Miss Orr, of Columbus, state president M. W. S. A., made the first talk, followed by Miss Crane, of Belzoni. Miss Crane said "Woman's point of view differed from man's, will help round out the government." She believed developing woman meant developing the race. Mrs. Gus Kendall followed, saying that "if women have accomplished as much as they have without the ballot, what can they not do with it?" She mentioned the child labor laws women have had passed and other beneficial laws. Miss Mattie Thornton believed it would benefit the women themselves. Mrs. Neita Russell Christian said since her mother had been paying taxes the last ten years, she was convinced women would get nothing they did not ask for, and she believed women were entitled to the ballot. Mrs. Wellhouse believed women were entitled to the vote, though she was in the kindergarten stage of knowledge of woman suffrage—she believed in it. Mrs. Hamm, the librarian, made a strong and earnest talk along the line of woman's need of the ballot, citing the efforts of the Federated club women to do things for the betterment of the community to which the men in authority gave little heed—but with the ballot in her hand, she would regarded more seriously by them. The time for public speaking being up, Mrs. Cotnam urged the ladies to come this afternoon prepared to each make a one minute talk. Mrs. Wilson then took charge and continued her instruction in suffrage history. The statement made yesterday that two-thirds of the women of Mississippi pay the taxes was said to be untrue by a gentleman who heard it. Mrs. Wilson on being asked her authority, stated "that Mrs. Mathis, of Alabama, who is an authority, said "one-half of the women of Alabama pay the taxes and two- thirds of the women in Mississippi pay the taxes," and since I have given my authority for the statement, kindly ask the gentleman to give his authority for refuting it." Mrs. Wilson's talk on suffrage history and arguments furnished a foundation knowledge on which to build an inspiring ideal. Miss Doughty closed the morning [s]ession with further instructios in organization and parliamentary law. Mrs. Wilson Addresses High School. Upon the invitation of Mr. T. M. Sykes, principal of the high school, Mrs. Halsey Wilson, of White Plains, N. Y., addressed the student body at the high school this morning at 8:30. Dr. D. C. Hull introduced Mrs. Wilson, who was herself for three years principal of the high school in Minenapolis. Mrs. Wilson based her talk upon justice, home interests and the students of today being the future bulwarks of the state socially and along all ines. Mrs. Wilson was enthusiastically received by the students. Monday Afternoon Session The afternoon session was most interesting with all three instructors speaking. Mrs. Cotnam, in advocating public speaking among women, said she knew she was advocating a strange doctrine in the south. But she said she herself was a southern woman and felt that women should put forth their best and strongest efforts to get the franchise. Anything they might do could be supported with womanly dignity. She said she would ask for volunteer speakers at this afternoon's session, on the following subject: "Mississippi should extend the franchise to include women, since, first, it would greatly benefit the state; second, it would benefit the women themselves." Mrs. Wilson in discussing the suffrage argument, said there were no arguments against suffrage. She paid high tribute to woman's great potentialities. She referred to the evolution of democracy, and interestingly told of woman's first fight for higher education, when she was allowed to sit beyond the pale of the colleges and universities and "catch the crumbs that fell from the table." She game the theory of the argument side of suffrage and backed it with practical facts known to her. She said that Mississippi women pay two-thirds of the taxes paid into the coffers of the state, which is sufficient reason for the thinking women to sit up and take notice. "You cannot say what these taxes shall be; neither can you say anything further." In speaking of how the vote would be been a believer in suffrage for women. Mrs. Cotnam, of Arkansas, spoke first, followed by Mrs. Wilson, of White Plains, New York, the concluding speech being made by Miss Annie Doughtry, of New York City. The automobile from which they spoke had been decorated with placards and the entire program was so new to Meridian people, a large crowd gathered in a short while "to hear the women speak" from an automobile. The attentive, earnest, respectful hearing given by the street audience, was very gratifying and it is believed the city hall will be packed tonight when the public meeting will be held. Monday Night Session. The night session of the Suffrage School of Instruction opened at the city hall Monday night with a large attendance, many out-of-town women being in evidence and a good many men were also present. Miss Annie Doughty of New York opened the evening program by a talk on organization. Miss Doughty is able to present her arguments in a striking fashion, and makes a vigorous earnest speech. Miss Doughty spoke on rural organization. In speaking of methods she said, "go into these districts and make lists of the women, and get lists of the men and politicians. Form groups to study the question of suffrage. There is one simple little thing you can do—attend the meetings, show that much interest at least." She suggested various ways of getting people interested in suffrage. One was a game at a children's party made by cutting up a suffrage map and have it pieced together, offering a prize to every child who could name the suffrage states. The mothers would learn along with the children. "Above all things," said Miss Doughty, "do not economize in literature. Use it on all occasions—reach the doctors, the clergy, the politicians with literature." Rural work, she said, should be done in cars, making talks and distributing literature. Mrs. Wilson of White Plains, N. Y., next on the program, gave a survey of suffrage history, beginning with the revolution in France when the first suffrage seed were sown. Mrs. Wilson in suffrage argument and history is a forcible and convincing talker. She gave types of women in Elizabethan period—Portin was a suffragist, Mary Wolstenscraft. Mary Brent, Anne Hutchinson— to these we are all indebted. Mrs. Cotnam of Arkansas, next made a brilliant talk on press and publicity, which closed the night session. The Suffrage School of Instruction opened its morning session with Mrs. Cotnam, of Arkansas, in charge to train the women in public speaking. Mrs. Cotnam is an able and eloquent supporter of the woman suffrage cause. She is the first woman who ever addressed the Arkansas legislature on the subject and helped secure the passage of a suffrage bill through that body. A gentleman who attended the street meeting yesterday afternoon said "that lady from Arkansas is a born orator; I want to hear her again." Mrs. Cotnam's morning program was to call on Meridian women to speak, having given them yesterday this statement on which to base their remarks: "Mississippi should extend the franchise to include the women since, (1) It would greatly benefit the state, and (3) It would benefit the women themselves." Miss Orr, of Columbus, state president M. W. S. A., made the first talk, followed by Miss Crane, of Belzoni. Miss Crane said "Woman's point of view differed from man's, will help round out the government." She believed developing woman meant developing the race. Mrs. Gus Kendall followed, saying that "if women have accomplished as much as they have without the ballot, what can they not do with it?" She mentioned the child labor laws women have had passed and other beneficial laws. Miss Mattie Thornton believed it would benefit the women themselves. Mrs. Neita Russell Christian said since her mother had been paying taxes the last ten years, she was convinced women would get nothing they did not ask for, and she believed women were entitled to the ballot. Mrs. Wellhouse believed women were entitled to the vote, though she was in the kindergarten stage of knowledge of woman suffrage—she believed in it. Mrs. Hamm, the librarian, made a strong and earnest talk along the line of woman's need of the ballot, citing the efforts of the Federated club women to do things for the betterment of the community to which the men in authority gave little heed—but with the ballot in her hand, she would be regarded more seriously by them. The time for public speaking being up, Mrs. Cotman urged the ladies to come this afternoon prepared to each make a one minute talk. Mrs. Wilson then took charge and continued her instruction in suffrage history. The statement made yesterday that two-thirds of the women of Mississippi pay the taxes was said to be untrue by a gentleman who heard it. Mrs. Wilson on being asked her authority, stated "that Mrs. Mathis, of Alabama, who is an authority, said "one-half of the women of Alabama pay the taxes and two-thirds of the women in Mississippi pay the taxes," and since I have given my authority for the statement, kindly ask the gentleman to give his authority for refuting it." Mrs. Wilson's talk on suffrage history and arguments furnished a foundation knowledge on which to build an inspiring ideal. Miss Doughty closed the morning session with further instructios in organization and parliamentary law. Mrs. Wilson Addresses High School Upon the invitation of Mr. T. M. Sykes, principal of the high school, Mrs. Halsey Wilson, of the White Plains, N. Y., addressed the student body at the high school this morning at 8:30. Dr. D. C. Hull introduced Mrs. Wilson, who was herself for three years principal of the high school in Minenapolis. Mrs. Wilson based her talk upon justice, home interests and the students of today being the future bulwarks of the state socially and along all ines. Mrs. Wilson was enthusiastically received by the students. Monday Afternoon Session. The afternoon session was most interesting with all three instructors speaking. Mrs. Cotnam, in advocating public speaking among women, said she knew she was advocating a strange doctrine in the south. But she said she herself was a southern woman and felt that women should put forth their best and strongest efforts to get the franchise. Anything they might do could be supported with womanly dignity. She said she would ask for volunteer speakers at this afternoon's session, on the following subject: "Mississippi should extend the franchise to include women, since, first, it would greatly benefit the state; second, it would benefit the women themselves." Mrs. Wilson in discussing the suffrage argument, said there were no arguments against suffrage. She paid high tribute to woman's great potentalities. She referred to the evolution of democracy, and interestingly told of woman's first fight for higher education, when she was allowed to sit beyond the pale of the colleges and universities and "catch the crumbs that fell from the table." She game the theory of the argument side of suffrage and backed it with practical facts known to her. She said that Mississippi women pay two-thirds of the taxes paid into the coffers of the state, which is sufficient reason for the thinking women to sit up and take notice. "You cannot say what these taxes shall be; neither can you say anything further." In speaking of how the vote would be bettered, she referred to the fact that one-third of the graduates from the high schools are girls, and that the thousands of club women of the United States would become voters also. Of the "immoral vote" she said statistics had it that 5 per cent. of the criminals in the United States are women, 95 per cent. are men. "Are you club women willing to work and give yourself form, shape and purpose plans for civic improvement, charities, etc.; and let the men say: 'You have done this beautifully, now let the town take it out of your hands. You can go no further with it?' " Splendid addresses were made from an automobile at 6 o'clock yesterday afternoon by the three national speakers, each being introduced by Mr. O C. Morgan, editor of The Star, who had long been a believer in suffrage for women. Mrs. Cotnam, of Arkansas, spoke first, followed by Mrs. Wilson, of White Plains, New York, the concluding speech being made by Miss Annie Doughtry, of New York City. The automobile from which they spoke had been decorated with placards and the entire program was so new to Meridian people, a large crowd gathered in a short while "to hear the women speak" from an automobile. The attentive, earnest, respectful hearing given by the street audience, was very gratifying and it is believed the city hall will be pack tonight when the public meeting will be held. Monday Night Session. The night session of the Suffrage School of Instruction opened at the city hall Monday night with a large attendance, many out-of-town women being in evidence and a good many men were also present. Miss Annie Doughty of New York opened the evening program by a talk on organization. Miss Doughty is able to present her arguments in a striking fashion, and makes a vigorous earnest speech. Miss Doughty spoke on rural organization. In speaking of methods, she said, "go into these districts and make lists of the women, and get lists of the men and politicians. Form groups to study the question of suffrage. There is one simple little thing you can do—attend the meetings, show that much interest at least." She suggested various ways of getting people interested in suffrage. One was a game at a children's party made by cutting up a suffrage map and have it pieced together, offering a prize to every child who could name the suffrage states. The mothers would learn along with the children. "Above all things," said Miss Doughty, "do not economize in literature. Use it on all occasions—reach the doctors, the clergy, the politicians with literature." Rural work, she said, should be done in cars, making talks and distributing literature. Mrs. Wilson of the White Plains, N. Y., next on the program, gave a survey of suffrage history, beginning with the revolution in France when the first suffrage seed were sown. Mrs. Wilson in suffrage argument and history is a forcible and convincing talker. She gave types of women in Elizabethan period—Portin was a suffragist, Mary Wolstenscraft, Mary Brent, Anne Hutchinson —to these we are all indebted. Mrs. Cotnam of Arkansas, next made a brilliant talk on press and publicity, which closed the night session. [?]ture Programs Princess Matinee 5c and 10c. Night 5c and 15c. Paramount Pictures Offers the pretty star— Irene Fenwick And the clever leading man -- Owen Moore In a five-act play— "A Girl Like That" A story that deals with criminology and the underworld. A pleasing play. 'PARAMOUNT-BRAY CARTOON' Drawn fun. ONE-ACT COMEDY. 15 mirthful minutes. [?]E WORTH THE ADMISSION PRICE [?]ay and Wednesday play of the screen's greatest portrayer [?]A BARA [?]ization—an adaptation of Victor Hugo's Notre Dame"— [?]ng of Paris" [?] the Gypsy Girl: See the big Parisian [?]at is wonderful in every way—a photo- [?]d night 5c and 15c. AT THE GRAND KATINKA There have been musical plays with scenes laid in Russia, and there have been musical plays with scenes laid in Turkey, and there have been musical plays, more numerous than the other two put together with scenes laid in Vienna, but it has been reserved for "Katina" which Arthur Hammerstein will present tonight at the Grand Opera House to combine these three widely separated and distinct localities into a single evening's entertainment. The combination has not been forced, either, but naturally results from the demands of the plot which is more closely woven and more interesting than is found in the ordinary "BETTY MURRAY"] SUFFRAGE STREET MEETING WILL BE HELD TONIGHT Meridian holds the first suffrage street meeting ever held in the state under the auspices of the National Suffrage association at the corner of Citizens Bank building from automobiles. These meetings have been held all over the world, and Meridian people will be given a street meeting tonight. The speakers are national workers, Mrs. H. W. Wilson o[?f] White Plains New York; Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, of Arkansas, and Miss Doughty o[?f] New York City. Among others who wil[?l] be present are Miss Orr of Columbus state president of Mississippi Woma[?n] Suffrage association; Miss Estelle Crane of Belzoni, secretary of suffrage schoo[?l] and Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr., vice presiden[?t] of state and president of local suffrag[?e] association. The meeting will be hel[?d] at 5:15 p.m. Among local suffragists who sponso[?red] the street meeting are Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr., Mrs. Gus Kendall, Mrs. Leo Wellhouse, Mrs. J. M. Harwell, Mrs. E. A. Morrison, Mrs. Neita Russell Christian, Mrs. L. C. Perkins, Miss Mattie Thornton, Mrs. Henry Brooke, Miss Margare[?t] Hodges, Mrs. A. S. Bozeman, Mrs. M. R. Grant, Mrs. Guthrie and Mrs. Alber[?t] Weems and many others. Y.MC.A. Is Negotiating for Basketball Games The gymnasium class of the Youn[?g] Men's Christian association will meet to night at 8 o'clock at the association building and following regular work will practice basketball at the high school gym. All members of the class are expected to be on hand. Negotiations are now under way for [?a] number of games during the near future, among some of which are contests with Clarke Memorial College, Newton; Chunky, Selma Y.M.C.A., Laure[?l] Y.M.C.A. and Southern University a[?t] Greensboro, Ala. Arrangements for several of these games have been practicall[?y] completed and announcements will follow at an early date. Standard Oil Building Will Be Erected Soon Announcement was made Monday morning that everything is ready to begin work on the new Standard Oil Company building on the lot in front of the new city hall and construction will start some time during the next few days, possibly during the present week. Plans for this new building were completed some time ago and a representative of the Standard was in Meridian las[?t] week to make final arrangements. T[?he] new building will be a one story affai[?r] will serve as a filling station for automobiles and a supply house for all kin[?ds] of oil. The Standard Oil company [?is] erecting several of these buildings in th[?e] largest cities of the state, many of whic[?h] have already been completed. German Not Austrian Boat, Sunk La[?w] Rome, Feb. 19.—Special Service t[?o] The Star.)—According to informatio[?n] given Thomas Nelson Page, Unite[?d] States ambassador, the submarine whic[?h] sunk the American sailing ship Lyma[?n] M. Law, was of apparently German instead of Austrian as it first reported American consular authorities are preparing to send the crew of the Law home. They probably will sail from some Spanish port and may go on the Spanish steamer Infanta Ysabel from Barcelona on February 27. The same ship i[?t] is said, that James W. Gerard, forme[?r] United States ambassador to German[?y] will use on his voyage home. PRAETORIANS MEET TONIGHT. Meridian Court, Praetorians, will hol[?d] their regular meeting tonight in the Suttle hall and all members are requeste[?d] to be present as matters of importanc[?e] are to be brought up for consideration. 500,000 BATHE Suffrage School Instructors Following Enthusiastic Public Meeting Close Meridian Stay The closing session of the suffrage school of instruction conducted by the distinguished, intelligent women, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of New York; Mrs. Cotnam, of Little Rock, Arkansas and Miss Annie Doughty of New York City-- sent out by the National Woman Suffrage association, was attended by a large, interested and enthusiastic audience. Mrs. Cotnam took the first period. She thanked the newspapers cordially for the generous publicity to their work, she said they were grateful personally as well as for the national work. She urged women to get suffrage news in the county papers to reach the rural voters, and especially urged the ladies to get the "Woman's Journal" to keep abreast of the progress of the work. State Convention Meets in April Miss Orr, state president at this point announced that the Mississippi Woman's Suffrage state convention would meet in April, the place to be named later. Mrs. Wilson then gave the final talk of her series of instructive talks on argument and suffrage history. She said, "argument must be based on results. There are no arguments against woman suffrage they are objections." In other states the conditions have been improved where women have suffrage. "Three things," Mrs. Wilson said, have been accomplished by women have the ballot. First, they insist on better candidates; second, legislation is improved, and third, more humanitarian laws are passed. Mrs. Wilson then spoke of the Better Babies campaign waged by the women. She gave a comparison of the infant death rate of the civilized nations per thousand as follows: New Zealand (1912) .................... 51 Norway (1912) .............................. 68 Australia (1912) ............................ 72 Sweden (1911) .............................. 72 Denmark (1913) ........................... 94 England and Wales (1913) ......... 108 Finland (1912) .............................. 109 United States (1911) .................... 124 The lowest death rate for babies in the world is in New Zealand. Why? Because the government realizes the value of babies and does everything in its power to educate the mothers to protect the baby. Women have had the vote in New Zealand for twenty years. The first three countries with lowest death rate are all women suffrage countries. If the vote to the women of Mississippi would help conserve human life, that alone would be worth their enfranchisement. Mrs. Wilson then dwelt upon the negro problem--saying it was the south's problem and must be studied and met just as they were meeting the immigrant problem in her state. Miss Orr spoke on this point, and Mrs. Wilson said it could and would be solved by earnest, thoughtful women. Miss Doughty closed the last period with a talk on organization, which closed the school. The women of Meridian regret that the full time of a five day session was not put on here, and it was with keen regret they witnessed the departure of these instructors who brought them such a splendid message. Open Session Tuesday Night A large and enthusiastic audience greeted the national speakers at the open meeting of the suffrage school held at the city hall Tuesday night at 8 o'clock. Prominent gentlemen occupying the platform with the distinguished speakers-- Wilson, Mrs. Cotnam, Miss Doughty, Mrs. C. C. Miller and Miss Orr were: Hon. Milton Dabney, mayor; Dr. D. H. Scanlon, pastor of the First Presbyterian church; Mr. O. C. Morgan, editor of the Meridian Star; Prof T. C. Lockard, county superintendent of education; Dr. D. C. Hull, superintendent of public schools in Meridian, and Hon. E. H. Dial, the last named gentleman introducing Miss Pauline V. Orr, president of Mississippi Woman Suffrage association, who in turn presented the speakers of the evening. Miss Orr first presented Miss Annie Doughty, "the lady," Miss Orr said, "who challenges thought of the best women. She comes from the Empire state, and will talk on the subject of 'Outworn Standards in an Ongoing World.'" Miss Doughty said, "it takes so long for new ideas to become popular--old ideas cling with great tenacity." She spoke of the old type of womanhood, when women were not credited even with the ability to breathe deeply--had small appetite and poor brain power. The acme of all human attainment was reached when she could "make wax flowers." After picturing the woman of the past on the pedestal, the contrast was drawn showing the woman of today, down by the side of man, taking up life as it is. She paid tribute in passing to Anne Hutchinson of colonial days who blazed the way-- to Jennie June Croly who, because she was a woman was denied a seat at a banquet tendered Charles Dickens on the occasion of his visit to America by the press of which she was a member. Feeling the keen injustice of this discrimination because she was a woman, Jennie June Croly organized a group of women, known as the Sorosis of New York, the mother of clubs. Miss Doughty concluded with an appeal to the men to have confidence in their women and to support the oncoming cause of woman suffrage. Miss Orr then introduced Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, Arkansas, who held her audience from start to finish. She began by saying that the doctrine of equality was first introduced by the Messiah. The first political doctrine was the Declaration of Independence. Mrs. Cotnam said: "The ideas of right and nam, with impressive emphasis and ringing voice. She declared women suffrage to be no longer an academic question. "It is the liveliest questions of politics today," she declared. She expressed a belief that within four years woman would have the ballot in all the states. "Will you men of Mississippi give women the ballot, the ballot which last year swayed the political balance of power from the east to the west. Will you enfranchise your women?" she dramatically asked. Miss Orr then introduced Mrs. Wilson who spoke on "Truths of Woman Suffrage." Mrs. Wilson said that for the last 25 years women have had a hard time answering questions. "Out of scrutiny, such a variety of opinion," she declared "everybody decides that many women should be a better mother. "The woman in the home--the home in the world, the world in the home--and how about it. "How can we adjust ourselves to our new machinery--homes without work? "The fourth milestone is political emancipation--the logical evolution. Woman, the inheritor of democracy, the same as men. "One of the truths of suffrage," declared Mrs. Wilson, "is that we cannot afford to ignore woman's point of view. "Machinery took the place of old industries. The state took the parent's place. Woman is adding the heart of municipal housekeeping. There is both the father and mother idea in the state, but the mother cannot be expressed." Mrs. Wilson expressed satisfaction with the reception she and her associates has received in the south, especially in Meridian. She felt greatly encouraged, she said, as she made a strong plea for the south--for Mississippi especially, to join the western states in granting suffrage to women. "What are you going to do about it?" she pointedly asked as she bowed herself back to her chair on the rostrom. Miss Orr in concluding the meeting, asked for questions, which she said would be gladly answered. There were none, however, and the meeting adjourned amid congratulations for the speakers. Tuesday Afternoon Session. The afternoon session of the suffrage school opened promptly at 3 o'clock, Tuesday, at the city hall, with Miss Annie Doughty instructor in organization in charge. Miss Doughty had arranged on the counties and a map of Meridian, the counties, and amap of Meridian, showing the five beats. Miss Doughty stressed the necessity of organization--saying that there were 80 counties in Mississippi and each county should have a county chairman located at or near the county seat. She pointed out the fact that there are eight congressional districts which send congressmen to Washington and there should be eight congressional chairmen-- that the five wards in Meridian should have chairmen appointed as leaders. Miss Doughty made a very strong appeal to the women, asking for volunteers to act as leaders--it met with no response at first--but finally five women were secured to act as leaders or chairmen, as follows: Ward 1, Miss Willie Brown; Ward 3, Mrs. C. C. Miller; Ward 4, Mrs. Neita Russell Christian; Ward 5, Mrs. Leo Wellhouse. An urgent request for volunteer helpers met with an enthusiastic response, about 25 women standing, which will give each ward leader five helpers. Miss Doughty impressed upon them the necessity of having headquarters, and of meeting at least once a month. Mrs. Wilson then took charge, her subject being a continuation of suffrage history. Before going into her subject Mrs. Wilson announced that this was the second largest school with the smallest enrollment they had met in their work of conducting schools. Mrs. Wilson begun with the savage woman, following her through her daily duties, tracing her crude industrial efforts on out into civilized life, now made easy through the invention of labor saving devices. Mrs. Wilson said there were four periods of woman's emancipation. In enumerating the difficulties, gravest was the difficulty in the way of amending constitutions. She then told of Wyoming's experience of being declined admittance to the union as a state on account of enfranchising her women. When asked to remove that clause from her constitution, Wyoming replied she would stay out 100 years if she couldn't go in with enfranchised women--and she was admitted on her own terms. Other instances were interestingly given. the period closing with what great things Kansas has done with the vote. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam then took charge, giving her concluding lessons in public speaking. Mrs. C. C. Miller paid a tribute to woman's part and place in the world's work, making a brief talk, followed by Mrs. Robt. Brown, who spoke convincingly out of her own experience of paying taxes and having no voice in selecting the man to whom she pays taxes. Mrs. Haines from the college quoted George Eliot in proving that God made the women to match the men. She then told how she came to be a suffragist. Mrs. L. P. Brown said she believed it to be the divine plan for men and women to work and vote side by side. Miss Willie Brown said she believed women should have the ballot and should prpare themselves for its intelligent use. Mrs. R. G. McCants made a brief but emphatic talk endorsing suffrage. Miss Margaret Hodges said she would speak for her mother--that in her social service work. Mrs. Hodges had been seriously handicapped by the law itself in her effort to help others--citing specific cases DISTINGUISHED VISITORS. Independent of our respective beliefs in the merits of the cause they represent, we will all agree that Meridian is honored today in welcoming three distinguished women of the nation as its guests. They are Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, Mrs. T. T. Cotnam and Miss Annie Doughty, all of New York City. These ladies are representatives of the National Woman's Suffrage association, and are coming to Meridian for the purpose of conducting the suffrage school, which begins at the City Hall tomorrow and is for the benefit of the entire state. There will be two sessions daily, principally for the workers--although The Dispatch is informed that anyone, men included, will be welcome. On Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday there will be two-hour sessions in the morning and afternoon, beginning, respectively, at 10:00 and 3:00. Then, on Tuesday evening, there will be held a general public meeting at the City Hall at 7:30. These cultured women will be concerned principally with propaganda work while here--teaching the local and state workers in the suffrage cause the best methods to pursue in the task of winning the vote for women in Mississippi. They will doubtless have many interesting things to say. In the name of the people of Meridian, who are courteous and hospitable to the last degree (as the editor of this paper so quickly discovered) The Dispatch welcomes the visitors to the largest and best city of the Magnolia state. 000209 Cotnam, of Little Rock [?] Miss Annie Doughty of New York city-- sent out by the National Woman Suffrage association, was attended by a large, interested and enthusiastic audience. Mrs. Cotnam took the first period. She thanked the newspapers cordially for the generous publicity to their work, she said they were grateful personally as well as for the national work. She urged women to get suffrage news in the county papers to reach the rural voters, and especially urged the ladies to get the "Woman's Journal" to keep abreast of the progress of the work. State Convention Meets in April. Miss Orr, state president at this point announced that the Mississippi Woman's Suffrage state convention would meet in April, the place to be named later. Mrs. Wilson then gave the final talk of her series of instructive talks on argument and suffrage history. She said, "argument must be based on results. There are no arguments against woman suffrage they are objections." In other states the conditions have been improved where women have suffrage. "Three things," Mrs. Wilson said, have been accomplished by women have the ballot. First, they insist on better candidates; second, legislation is improved, and third, more humanitarian laws are passed. Mrs. Wilson then spoke of the Better Babies campaign waged by the women. She gave a comparison of the infant death rate of civilized nations per thousand as follows: New Zealand (1912) 51 Norway (1912) 68 Australia (1912) 72 Sweden (1911) 72 Denmark (1913) 94 England and Wales (1913) 108 Finland (1912) 109 United States (1911) 124 The lowest death rate for babies in the world is in New Zealand. Why? Because the government realizes the value of babies and does everything in its power to educate the mothers to protect the baby. Women have had the vote in New Zealand for twenty years. The first three countries with lowest death rate are all woman suffrage countries. If the vote to the women of Mississippi would help conserve human life, that alone would be worth their enfranchisement. Mrs. Wilson then dwelt up on the negro problem - saying it was the south's problem and must be studied and met just as they are meeting the immigrant problem in her state. Miss Orr spoke on this point, and Mrs. Wilson said it could and would be solved by earnest, thoughtful women. Miss Doughty closed the last period with a talk on organization, which closed the school. The women of Meridian regret that the full time of a five day session was not put on here, and it was with keen regret they witnessed the departure of these instructors who brought them such a splendid message. Open Session Tuesday Night. A large and enthusiastic audience greeted the national speakers at the open meeting of the suffrage school held at the city hall Tuesday night at 8 o'clock. Prominent gentlemen occupying the platform with the distinguished speakers-- Wilson, Mrs. Cotnam, Miss Doughty, Mrs. C.C. Miller and Miss Orr were: Hon. Milton Dabney, mayor; Dr. D. H. Scanlon, pastor of the First Presbyterian church; Mr. O.C. Morgan, editor of the Meridian Star; Prof. T.C. Lockard, county superintendent of education; Dr. D. C. Hull, superintendent of public schools in Meridian and Hon. E. H. Dial, the last named gentleman introducing Miss Pauline V. Orr, president of Mississippi Woman Suffrage association, who in turn presented the speakers of the evening. Miss Orr first presented Miss Annie Doughty, "the lady," Miss Orr said, "who challenges thought of the best women. She comes from the Empire state, and will talk on the subject of 'Outworn Standards in an Ongoing World.'" Miss Doughty said, "it takes so long for new ideas to become popular--old ideas cling with great tenacity." She spoke of the old type of womanhood, when women were not credited even with the ability to breathe deeply--had small appetite and poor brain power. The acme of all human attainment was reached when she could "make wax flowers." After picturing the woman of the past on the pedestal, the contrast was drawn showing the woman of today, down by the side of man, taking up life as it is. She paid tribute in passing to Anne Hutchinson of colonial days who blazed the way--to Jennie June Croly who because she was a woman was denied a seat at a banquet tendered Charles Dickens on the occasion of his visit to America by the press of which she was a member. Feeling the keen injustice of this discrimination because she was a woman, Jennie June Croly organized a group of women, known as the Sorosis of New York, the mother of clubs. Miss Doughty concluded with an appeal to the men to have confidence in their women and to support the oncoming cause of woman suffrage. Miss Orr then introduced Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, Arkansas, who held her audience from start to finish. She began by saying that the doctrine of equality was first introduced by the Messiah. The first political doctrine was the Declaration of Independence. Mrs. Cotnam said: "The ideas of right and justice sometimes sleep. The bugle call has been heard all over the west. How long will Mississippi remain asleep?" The speaker said the government would be greatly strengthened by the introduction of new abilities different from those the men are using--the men have looked after the national welfare while the moral and social need the ideas of the trained housekeeper. Mrs. Cotnam said: "new springs of democracy must be tapped to prevent stagnation -- to men's votes we must add the women's." "Will men wait until the war cloud breaks before they recognize what we are talking about," declared Mrs. Cot- declared. She expressed a belief that within four years woman would have the ballot in all the states. "Will you men of Mississippi give women the ballot, the ballot which last year swayed the political balance of power from the east to the west. Will you enfranchise your women?" she dramatically asked. Miss Orr then introduced Mrs. Wilson who spoke on "Truths of Woman Suffrage." Mrs. Wilson said that for the last 25 years women have had a hard time answering questions. "Out of scrutiny such a variety of opinion," she declared "everybody decides that many women should be a better mother. "The woman in the home -- the home in the world, the world in the home -- and how about it. "How can we adjust ourselves to our new machinery -- homes without work? "The fourth milestone is political emancipation -- the logical evolution. Woman, the inheritor of democracy, the same as men. "One of the truths of suffrage," declared Mrs. Wilson, "is that we cannot afford to ignore woman's point of view. "Machinery took the place of old industries. The state took the parent's place. Woman is adding the heart of municipal housekeeping. There is both the father and mother idea in the state, but the mother cannot be expressed." Mrs. Wilson expressed satisfaction with the reception she and her associates has received in the south, especially in Meridian. She felt greatly encouraged, she said, as she made a strong plea for the south-- for Mississippi especially, to join the western states in granting suffrage to women. "What are you going to do about it?" she pointedly asked as she bowed herself back to her chair on the rostrom. Miss Orr in concluding the meeting, asked for questions, which she said would be gladly answered. There were none, however, and the meeting adjourned amid congratulations for the speakers. Tuesday Afternoon Session. The afternoon session of the suffrage school opened promptly at 3 o'clock Tuesday, at the city hall, with Miss Annie Doughty instructor in organization in charge. Miss Doughty had arranged on the counties and a map of Meridian the counties, and a map of Meridian showing the five beats. Miss Doughty stressed the necessity of organization -- saying that there were 80 counties in Mississippi and each county should have a county seat. She pointed out the fact that there are eight congressional districts which send congressmen to Washington and there should be eight congressional chairmen -- that the five wards in Meridian should have chairmen appointed as leaders. Miss Doughty made a very strong appeal to the women, asking for volunteers to act as leaders -- it met with no response at first -- but finally five women were secured to act as leaders or chairmen, as follows: Ward 1, Miss Willie Brown; Ward 3, Mrs. C.C. Miller; Ward 4, Mrs. Neita Russell Christian; Ward 5, Mrs. Leo Wellhouse. An urgent request for volunteer helpers met with an enthusiastic response, about 25 women standing, which will give each ward leader five helpers. Miss Doughty impressed upon them the necessity of having headquarters, and of meeting at least once a month. Mrs. Wilson then took charge, her subject being a continuation of suffrage history. Before going into her subject Mrs. Wilson announced that this was the second largest school with the smallest enrollment they had met in their work of conducting schools. Mrs. Wilson begun with the savage woman, following her through her daily duties, tracing her crude industrial efforts on out into civilized life, now made easy through the invention of labor saving devices. Mrs. Wilson said there were four periods of woman's emancipation. In enumerating the difficulties, gravest was the difficulty in the way of amending constitutions. She then told of Wyoming's experience of being declined admittance to the union as state on account of enfranchising her women. When asked to remove that clause from her constitution, Wyoming replied she would stay out 100 years if she couldn't go in with enfranchised women -- and she was admitted on her own terms. Other instances were interestingly given, the period closing with what great things Kansas has done with the vote. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam then took charge, giving her concluding lessons in public speaking. Mrs. C. C. Miller paid a tribute to woman's part and place in the world's work, making a brief talk, followed by Mrs. Robt. Brown, who spoke convincingly out of her own experience of paying taxes and having no voice in selecting the man to whom she pays taxes. Mrs. Haines from the college quoted George Eliot in proving that God made the women to match the men. She then told how she came to be a suffragist. Mrs. L.P. Brown said she believed it to be the divine plan for men and women to work and vote side by side. Miss Willie Brown said she believed women should have the ballot and should prepare themselves for its intelligent use. Mrs. R. G. McCants made a brief but emphatic talk endorsing suffrage. Miss Margaret Hodges said she would speak for her mother-- that in her social service work. Mrs. Hodges had been seriously handicapped by the law itself in her effort to help others -- citing specific cases in proof of her statement. In response to a call for a "collection speech" from any one who would -- one lady rose and made a talk straight to the point, closing with the request that all give as they felt able to give. Miss Willie Brown quickly followed with a story of the boy whose father had bought a Ford car, which the boy didn't like and objected to. The father said, "Son, we got a car the best we were able to afford." After thinking a moment, the boy says, "Then sell this and get one you are not able to afford." -- and like the little boy, Miss Willie Brown urged them to give "more than they felt able." DISTINGUISHED VISITORS. Independent of our respective beliefs in the merits of the cause they represent, we will all agree that Meridian is honored today in welcoming three distinguished women of the nation as its guests. They are Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, Mrs. T.T. Cotnam and Miss Annie Doughty, all of New York City. These ladies are representatives of the National Woman's Suffrage association, and are coming to Meridian for the purpose of conducting the suffrage school, which begins at the City Hall tomorrow and is for the benefit of the entire state. There will be two sessions daily, principally for the workers-- although The Dispatch is informed that anyone, men included, will be welcome. On Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday there will be two-hour sessions in the morning and afternoon, beginning, respectively, at 10:00 and 3:00. Then, on Tuesday evening, there will be held a general public meeting at the City Hall at 7:30. These cultured women will be concerned principally with propaganda work while here--teaching the local and state workers in the suffrage cause the best methods to pursue in the task of winning the vote for women in Mississippi. "They will doubtless have many interesting things to say. In the name of the people of Meridian, who are courteous and hospitable to the last degree (as the editor of this paper so quickly discovered) The Dispatch welcomes the visitors to the largest and best city of the Magnolia state. [*Meridian Dispatch*] 21, 1917 3 LOGIC MOVES MANY PEOPLE Splendid Addresses Characterize Suffrage Mass Meeting at the City Hall. 'Outworn Standards in an On- Going World," "Practicability" and "Truths About Woman's Suffrage" were the subjects of brilliant addresses delivered last night by Miss Anne Doughty Mrs. T. T. Cotnam and Mrs. H. W. Wilson at the suffrage mass meeting held at the City hall, before an immense audience of men and women. Ex-Mayor E. H. Dial introduced Miss Pauline V. Orr, state president, in a most cordial and complimentary manner, and Miss Orr was chairman of the evening, introducing the speakers. With Miss Orr, Mr. Dial and the trip of national workers on the rostrum, were Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr., president of the local league; Mayor J. M. Dabney, Dr. David Scanlon, Mr. O. C. Morgan, Professor T. C. Lockhard and Dr. D. C. Hull. Gives a Contrast. Miss Doughty, in a semi-humorous vein, told of the old-fashioned girl who was said to be too dainty for anything but archery as a physical exercise and too fair for work; and then contrasted her with the modern woman who refuses to be placed upon a pedestal and wants to be among the world of realities. Miss Doughty's closing words were an appeal to the men of this state to let its history be that the men had confidence in their womanhood and to demonstrate this by giving their women the franchise. The most brilliant address of the evening, one that held the vast audience spellbound with it matchless oratory and logic, was made by Mrs. Cotnam. Exquisite tribute was paid to the doctrine of Christianity, the Declaration of Independence, and with a clarion questioning, the speaker asked if the people of Mississippi were going to hearken to the bugle call that was sounding the reveille of suffrage. "Just lately," declared the speaker. Mr. Wilson said, 'We must tap new springs of Democracy, and we must allow the combined forces of men and women decide matters of the government.' Rapid Fire Attack. "Are you a believer in Mr. Wilson?" "Did you vote for him in November?" Would you follow his lead?" These were the rapid fire questions put in the first part of this most wonderful speech. Another salient remark made by Mrs. Cotnam was: "There will never be another president of the United States who does not believe in woman's suffrage." Mrs. Wilson's address dealt with historical facts, many of them having been given in the school for the past two days. She assured her audience that the progress of woman was fast increasing and that it is a matter of justice to enfranchise woman; it is an inheritance long past due. "Let power and impetus be given to your vote by adding humanity, conscience and heart that will be the dower given the ballot box when suffrage is given woman. Do this in the interest of efficiency and economy." The second day of the suffrage school of instruction being held here attracted many women and a large number enlisted in the cause. Under the direction of Mrs. Cotnam of Arkansas, the pupils were instructed in public speaking. Besides the local speakers, Miss Pauline V. Orr of Columbus, state president of the Mississippi Woman's Suffrage Association; Miss Crane, of Belzoni; Mrs. Halsey Wilson, of White Plains, N. Y., and Miss Annie Doughty, of New York city, addressed the school. The local speakers were Mrs. Gus C. Kendall, Miss Mattie Thornton, Mrs. Neita Russell Christian, Mrs. Leo Wellhouse, Mrs. J. S. Hamm. Mrs. Halsey Wilson, on invitation of the principal, addressed the students at the high school and was enthusiastically received. The visitors will leave Meridian for Baton Rouge, La., where they will also conduct a suffrage school. A man giving his name as S. A. Meyer Strong testimony in favor of equal suffrage seems to come from the state of Idaho. The presiding officers of both branches of the Idaho legislature have sent abroad an official document, in which they declare that Idaho has been under equal suffrage for twenty- six years; that it has been conducive to good government, has purified politics, made better homes and that woman's ennobling influence at the polls has been for the best interest of the commonwealth. These are strong statements, coming from men who are in a position to know. Their declarations particularly and specifically knock some of the stock arguments of the antis into a cocked hat. [*Meridian Dispatch Feb. 20 '17*] Don't get excited these days 4 TH THE MERIDIAN DISPATCH Mississippi's Greatest Newspaper. JAMES A. METCALF, Editor and Publisher. ROSCOE BAILEY, Business Manager. ASSOCIATED PRESS REPORT Office—Dispatch Building, Corner of Sixth Street and Twentieth Avenue. Entered as second-class matter August 26, 1906, at the postoffice at Meridian, Miss., under act of Congress, March 3, 1897. SUBSCRIPTION PRICES: The Daily and Sunday Dispatch delivered by carrier, 15c a week of 65c cil could not act unless it were fortified by a petition of 25 percent of the voters, under the existing initiative and referendum law. This was proposing a comparatively easy task. These energetic women, with much more time for public service than their busy husbands, went right to work. The petition was circulated, sufficiently signed, and the celebrated chicken ordinance soon became a law. That it may have been indifferently enforced since then—like many other existing laws—is neither part nor parcel of our story. The main point is this: These circumstances set the women to thinking They clearly saw that, in many things more serious than the depredations of wandering pullets, they were without an eeffctive voice in the determination of those things which are vital to their home life, the welfare of their children, the doing of equal justice, the making of good laws, the perpetuation of civilization. The right of petition, it is true, was not denied them. But they could not always be assured of such a sympathetic reception as they received on this occasion. The next day the suffrage movement was born in Meridian, full-fledged, as the fabled goddess sprang full-grown from the brow of Jove. From that time on the campaign has gained gradual momentum. It has not proceeded by virtue of hectic and eccentric performances, but by quiet appeal to the sober judgment and sense of fairness of the men. The local situation is fairly typica[l] of the suffrage movement everywhere in this country. Women in the western states, eager for the dawn of a humanitarian era, have discovered that the legendary "feminine influence" on the male human politically inclined has been magnified an hundred-fold by the possession of the ballot. The question is now fairly before the men of Mississippi! Gentlemen, what are you going to do about it? There are thousands of progressive Democrats in the South who will be glad to co-operate with the Progressives in carrying out the program formulated at the Atlanta meeting, as explained in Gilson Gardner's Washington letter, this issue. It is stated that the Progressives will not attempt to float an independent party but will allow the members of their new League of Liberals to work for political reform within the ranks o[f] their respective party organizations[.] This plan seems to indicate real sincerity, devoid of political ambition and will appeal to up-to-date citizens everywhere. SHORT ONES. No man ruleth safely but that he is willingly ruled.—Thomas A. 4[1] 2[1] 2[2] Obert 6-1 6-1 2-1 1-1 1/2 5[1/2] 6[1] 3[1] M'Tagart 3-1 13-5 1-1 1-2 3[1/2] 3[1/2] 4[1/2] FRobison 4-1 9-2 7-5 7-10 2[h] 4[1] 5[1/2] Murphy 8-1 [?] [?] 1-1 9 9 6[2] Louder 6-1 6-1 2-1 1-1 1 6[1/2] 7[2] 7[4] Fuerst 10-1 8-1 [?] 3-2 1 8[1] 8[2] 8[2] Rice 6-1 5-1 2-1 1-1 1/2 7[1] 5[1/2] 9 McAfee 15-1 15-1 6-1 3-[1] held until the turn for the stretch, when the best and won as his rider pleased. the way and finished strong. Cliff Field sion tired. Royal Interest quit. So did Dramaturge and First Star. ing for sso- on ee— ohn ep- T ber of Commerce information bureau. Finance committee—N. S. Scott, chairman; S. G. Thornton, S. B. Presburg. Entertainment committee—H. B. Gist, chairman; B. T. Dakins, G. P. Whittington. This committee will appoint a ladies' auxiliary committee. The Hotel Bentley will be headquarters and the city hall will be the meeting You can get NIOLON'S CO 25c a pound roasted or ground. so you get coffee that is absolut A coupon is in every packag present. Niolin has all kinds of g crockery ware, lamps and lots of o mention. All Deposits Guaranteed Wouldn't Yo HURSDAY, FEB. 22, 1917 NEWS PUBLICITY URGED IN SUFFRAGE FIGHT Instructors Thank Newspapers as School Closes After Two-Day Session. Meridian, Miss., Feb. 21.---The suffrage school of instruction, conducted in Meridian for the past two days by Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, of White Plains, N. Y.; Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, of Little Rock, Ark., and Mrs. Annie Doughty, of New York city, came to a close today after an enthusiastic session. The instructors thanked the newspapers cordially for the generous publicity given their work and urged that members of the organization get suffrage news in the country papers throughout the state in order to reach rural voters. Miss Orr, president of the state organization, announced that the state convention would be held in April, the date and place to be named later. Before the meeting adjourned ward chairmen to work for the city organization were named as follows: Miss Willie Brown, Ward One; Mrs. C. C. Miller, Ward Three; Mrs. Neita Christian, Ward Four; Mrs. Leo. Wehouse, Ward Five. On call for volunteer helpers, twenty-five woman responded, which gives five to each ward chairman. Headquarters will be established and meetings held monthly. The police crusade against alleged traffic law violators continues vigorously since Mayor Dabney declared every phase of the law must be enforced. The arrest docket this morning shows nineteen adrests. One of those arrested tonight was a local pastor, who was charged with speeding. Upon showing, however, that he was hurrying to the bedside of a dying man, the case was withdrawn. The trial of Mathew Glover, a young white man charged with robbing a store at Lauderdale, occupied the attention of Circuit Court today. The testimony was concluded and the argument will be made tomorrow. The twenty-seventh Scottish Rite reunion will end a three-day session today. This morning work in the Lodge of Perfection and Chapter Rose Croix was completed. This afternoon work in Mississippi Council Kadosh No. 1 was begun and will conclude tomorrow. A class of forty-five are taking the degrees. Potentate Allan McCants, of Hamasa Temple, Shriners, says arrangements have been completed for the ceremonial Friday. A street parade will be a feature. Novices from many parts of the state will be here for initiation. The Lauderdale County Bar Association at a special meeting today appointed a committee to draft resolutions of respect and sympathy to the memory of Judge W. H. Hardy, who died Sunday on the gulf coast. The committee is to report to the Circuit Court the fourth Monday in March. Judge Hardy for many years was a resident of Meridian and a leading member of the local bar. Baptist Meetings Succe[?] [*Feby 21, 17*] PAGE FOUR THE MERIDIAN STAR Evening, Sunday and Weekly RALPH R. BUVINGER, Proprietor. New Star Building, Twenty-Second Ave. Adjoining Postoffice. BEVERLY B. PIERCE, News Editor. Obituary notices, resolutions of respect, cards of thanks, poetry and communications not accepted as news, will be inserted for three cents per line. Six words in a line. Minimum $1.00. Members of The Associated Press and United Press, Audit Bureau of Circulation, Mississippi League of Daily Newspapers. Represented by the S. C. BECKWITH SPECIAL AGENCY, New York Office, Tribune Building; Chicago Office, Tribune Building; St. Louis Office, Third National Bank Building. Entered at the Meridian Postoffice as second-class matter. SUBSCRIPTION RATES. Daily. By carrier, one week, 10c, one month .45 By mail---Yearly, strictly in advance. $3.00 Six months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.75 Three months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.00 Weekly. Yearly, in advance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. Orders for delivery for The Meridian Star to either residence or place of business may be made by telephone or postal card. Any irregularities in delivery should be immediately reported to The Star office. 'Phones: Cumberland, 1580; Home, 61. Carrier boys are not allowed to accept stops from subscribers, same must be reported to the collector or direct to the office. WHY WOMEN WANT THE BALLOT. Man says: "Woman's place is in the home," and declines to grants the request, or the demand, women make for the ballot, forgetting, if they ever knew, that to secure their home, to have it and to hold it, is the one great, the one big, the one overwhelming reason why women desire the privilege of casting their ballots at the polls; of having a direct, a positive, not an indirect, negative voice in their government. It is because man has taken the home away from woman, has permitted, if not encouraged, outside influences to undermine, to supplant the home by furnishing a substitute in gaudily decorated resorts of one sort or another, where the youth, the children of the home, may be entertained with something usually far less desirable than the home affords, that woman has for half a century or more sought, and yet are seking in most of the states, the right to vote. Women want their home and they want a home with all that the word implies--- they wish to control and guard their children, they wish to protect them from contamination with the undesirable; they hope, pray and beg and demand that the future life of their children will be a life worth living. When man, either by deliberate intent or by a passive indifference, or fear to oppose, permitted a substitute to be erected for the home, permitted or helped establish another place than the home for the boy and the girl, he antagonized the mother instinct; he took away, without her consent, the home as the mother sees it---a place where she is supreme head; where she wears the crown, even though it be a drudge. When woman sought by means within her power to recover that which she had lost, or had taken away from her---the home---and failed, she began casting about for other means to find a way to regain it and it was not long before she found that those who had thrown her home away---had provided a substitute that she did not care for---were strongly entrenched behind the ballot, where woman couldn't go. Then she began demanding the ballot; she has been demanding it ever since and she will continue to demand it until she gets it, for she has faith that she will get it. Women want the ballot because they want their home. That is the main reason why she is going after it. Woman Suffrage School Opened at City Hall Auditorium Monday [*Star Feb 19 '17*] Morning With Large Attendance The Suffrage School of instruction opened at the city hall this morning at 10 o'clock with about 125 interested students present, and the national workers in charge. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, of New York, manager of the school; Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, of Arkansas, in charge of instruction in press and publicity, and Miss Annie Aiughty, of New York, instructor in organization, arrived from Birmingham, Ala., where an enthusiastic school has just been held ,Sunday afternoon at 3 o'clock. They were met by a local committee, composed of Mrs. C. C. Miller, president Suffrage league; Mrs. G. C. Kendall, Mrs. Leo Wellhouse, Mrs. L . C. Perkins, Miss Mattie Thornton, Mrs. E. A. Morrison and Mrs. Henry Brooke, who escorted them to the Meridian hotel, where accommodations had been spoken for ten days ago. Later, the committee met Miss Pauline V. Orr, president of Mississippi Equal Suffrage association, who arrived from Columbus. At the opening of the morning session, Miss Orr extended state greetings to Meridian women, making an appeal to them to be a great radiating center for the dissemination of democracy, introducing Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, manager of the school. Mrs. Wilson extended greetings from the national association and from Mrs. Catt, who sits on the Mrs. T. T. Cotnam. Of Arkansas, who is one of the teachers of the suffrage school being held this week at the city hall. watch tower—and whose brain developed the marvelous scheme of organization, and unification of all suffragists in the country—the most important factor in this work is the suffrage school. Mrs. Wilson said, "just as armies are trained and furnished ammunition, so should suffragists be given reasons for that is the hope within them." "This meeting will furnish you with ammunition," she added, as well as line up suffrage forces educationally and inspirationally. Miss Doughty of New York was introduced and received with applause as was each of the others who preceded her. Miss Doughty said: "It more than delights me to look upon such a splendid gathering of women out on Monday morning when cares press heavily upon the housewife—this makes a splendid beginning." "First, I want to ask you a question," said Miss Doughty, "what are we s[?uf]fragists after?—will some one tell m[?e?] The answer from the audience [?was] "Votes." "Yes," said Miss Doug[?hty,] "but how?—will you get the vote or [?] it? "The first thing to do is to organ[?ize] [?] Miss Doughty then went into a his[?tory] of organization in New York when Mrs. Catt decided to unify all women in [?New] York. She went to politicians in [?New] York and asked how they played and won the game. On their plan is the only plan to win. "At present women are divided in their work," said Miss Doughty, "they must decide whether they will 'get' it or 'take' it." Miss Doughty further said: "The population of Meridian is 30,000— the idea laid down here should spread all over the state. In this new idea of organization we come out of all circles into the larger work and should be active in our service. Leagues are good beginnings—organizations of this kind satisfy the social interest of women, and also a means of securing financial support for your organization." Miss Doughty said, "we call the club the kindergarden of suffrage. Great suffrage workers have outgrown club life. Men realize politics means going down to the voter. Women must line up to be forceful. Not until we took up political organization did we accomplish anything. A woman suffrage plank was only put in the both big parties after it was found women were organized and a factor to be reckoned with." Miss Doughty in explaining the plan said "You have your counties in the state and wards in the city, and you should study this plan to do effective work. Be just as democratic as possible —every vote counts—poor and rich alike. We boast of democracy but we do not know that A. B. C. of it until the women are recognized. "Suffrage is popular now," said Miss Doughty, "but I was in the work when it was very unpopular. Study how you can reach the rural people. The precinct is a vital part of organization work." Mrs. Wilson followed Miss Doughty in a talk on suffrage history, and Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of New York on press and publicity. The afternoon session was well attended, each of the national workers delivering instructive addresses. There will be a public meeting Tuesday evening at 8 o'clock at city hall, following the morning and afternoon sessions. The public is cordially invited to the open meeting Tuesday night. Call to Voters. Miss Pauline V. Orr who has been indefatigable in her work of organizing Mississippi suffrage leagues, touring the state in that interest, has issued the following call, addressed to the voters of Mississippi: The Mississippi Woman Suffrage association wishes to call to the attention of the democrats of Mississippi the extraordinary change in the practical status of equal suffrage that has come about since the recent presidential election. In the present political situation in America, the democrats of the state have a golden opportunity for signal service to the national democratic party. This opportunity, if neglected, foreshadows the defeat of the next democratic candidate for the presidency and the return of the republican party to power in 1920. A year ago a thinking Mississippian might have regarded equal suffrage simply a reform measure destined in process of time and civilization to become universal throughout America as the inevitable extension of democracy and the corollary of industrial conditions that directly connect both the home maker and the wage earning woman with the ballot. From the somewhat abstract stage of democratic justice and economic advantage, the question of equal suffrage in our section has suddenly advanced to one of immediate political expediency, and a failure on the part of the solid south to recognize this fact with overthrow the democratic party in 1920. President Wilson realized that the democrats would have no chance in the last [?] election [?] dorsed the principle [?] suffrage and it was his directly applied influence at the national convention in St. Louis that rolled up the enormous majority, including every member of the Mississippi delegation, in support of the platform plank recommending of the states the enfranchisement of women on precisely the same terms with men. During this campaign, the sincerity of the party platform was openly challenged, and in doubtful states, notably throughout the west, party workers found it necessary to put forth herculean efforts to convince the voters that the democratic pledges on this subject were sincere and Woodrow Wilson's convictions unquestionable, as evidenced by his vote for equal suffrage in the New Jersey campaign in 1915. These assurances were taken in good faith by the democrats and independents of the west, and hundreds of thousands of men and women who would not have voted for the candidate of a party opposed to equal suffrage cast their ballots for Woodrow Wilson, and thus assured the continued leadership of the democratic party in this country until 1920, and incidentally demonstrated that the south and west together can determine a national election. In order that this conjunction of the west and south may continue, the democracy of this section must prove the sincerity of its campaign pledges by enfranchising its women before the presidential campaign in 1920. The southern states owe it to their political allies of the west to honor the platform pledges of the democratic party without delay or equivocation. The democrats of the two sections lost together on the issue of free silver. They can win together on the issue of free American womanhood, and secure to the democracy that long lease of party power which depends upon party recognition of irresistible forces and their guidance in safe channels. Equal suffrage is inevitable. In the words of President Wilson, the movement has not only come to stay, but it has come with conquering power. Let Mississippi democrats take the initiative and summon the democracy of the south to the exercise of that statesmanship which is essential to federal control in the future. Civic righteousness and political sagacity point the same way, and the time is short. A powerful constituency in the near future is waiting for the political party most completely identified with the enfranchisement of the women of America. Which party will it be? And what part will the democrats of Mississippi have in this crowning and inevitable completion of democracy which will lead alike to the civic betterment of the state and to the immediate political advantage of the democratic party? PAULINE V. ORR, President. NANNIE RICE, Corresponding Secretary. The Dispatch Mississippi's Greatest Newspaper VOL. X, NO. 260. [*Feb 17, 17*] SCHOOL FOR SUFFRAGISTS ENDS TODAY Immediate Stimulus of the Sessions Discoverable When Many Prominent Women Make Maiden Speeches on Suffrage Question NECESSITY FOR ORGANIZATION IMPRESSED BY THE LEADERS Granting of the Vote Held Essential to Woman's Complete Development— Object to Paying Taxes With No Voice in Laws. The suffrage school comes to a cose today at noon, and it cannot now be truthfully said that suffrage is not a popular theme in Meridian, for every session since the first one, Monday morning, has been splendidly attended. Even the street meeting held Monday afternoon at 6 o'clock on the Citizens bank corner found an eager, interested crowd of men and women giving close attention. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, one of the most enthusiastic and magnetic of women, when, at the close of the meeting yesterday afternoon, she was asked what she thought of the suffrage situation here, said: "Why, all of us are more than gratified. I think interest has been thoroughly aroused, for each day had found greater numbers in attendance and there has been no request made from the platform that has not found a ready response." A Success Everywhere Mrs. Cotnam said the school had been a great success all along the route, the trio of workers having started January 9 at Portland, Me. The itinerary will have finished in April. These national workers have conducted schools in Maine, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia and Mississippi. They leave today for Baton Rouge and will go thence to Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Nebraska and Michigan. In closing her lecture on organization yesterday afternoon, Miss Doughty displayed maps of the United States, Mississippi and Meridian, giving important detail matter concerning all of them. When talking of the last one, in the wards of the city were drawn off, she called for volunteer ward chairmen, the following responding: First ward, Miss Willie Brown; second ward (a decision to be made)' third ward, Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr.; fourth ward, Mrs. Neita Christian; fifth ward, Mrs. Leo Wellhouse. There was much enthusiasm and applause upon the quick work made in this important phase of local organization. Importance of Organization Miss Doughty stressed the importance of organization, and told the ward chairmen that they should meet once a month. She urged the establishment of downtown headquarters. The eighty counties in the state are to have each a county chairman, to be appointed by the state president. These appointees are to be located at, or quite near the county seats. This closing work found the women who had been attending the schools very receptive, and there was no surprise evidence when the statement was made by the national workers that they are more than pleased with the results of their work in Meridian. Three Capable Leaders. Meridian women who have attended the suffrage school have been impressed with the practical, business-like methods of Miss Doughty, the brilliance and wonderful personality of Mrs. Cotnam and the deep thinking and wonderful storehouse of research work as shown in the earnest suffrage history lectures and argument of Mrs. Wilson. The latter at yesterday's two sessions put into the minds of Meridian women much food for earnest thought on the importance of getting suffrage for women which they will never forget. It is due to the intricate and skillful work of all three that Meridian women have forged to the front these two days, and were quick to come to their feet yesterday and make their [?] when, at the close of the [?] terday afternoon, she was asked what she thought of the suffrage situation here, said: "Why, all of us are more than gratified. I think interest has been thoroughly aroused, for each day had found greater numbers in attendance and there has been no request made from the platform that has not found a ready response." A Success Everywhere. Mrs. Cotnam said the school had been a great success all along the route, the trio of workers having started January 9 at Portland, Me. The itinerary will have finished in April. These national workers have conducted schools in Maine, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia and Mississippi. They leave today for Baton Rouge and will go thence to Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Nebraska and Michigan. In closing her lecture on organization yesterday afternoon, Miss Doughty displayed maps of the United States, Mississippi and Meridian, giving important detail matter concerning all of them. When talking of the last one, in which the wards of the city were drawn off, she called for volunteer ward chairmen, the following responding: First ward, Miss Willie Brown; second ward (a decision to be made); third ward, Mrs. C. C. Miller, Sr.; fourth ward, Mrs. Neita Christian; fifth ward, Mrs. Leo Well-house. Importance of Organization. Miss Doughty stressed the importance of organization, and told the ward chairmen that they should meet once a month. She urged the establishment of downtown headquarters. The eighty counties in the state are to have each a county chairman, to be appointed by the state president. These appointees are to be located at, or quite near the county seats. This closing work found the women who had been attending the schools very receptive, and there was no surprise evidenced when the statement was made by the national workers that they are more than pleased with the results of their work in Meridian. Three Capable Leaders. Meridian women who have attended the suffrage school have been impressed with the practical, business-like methods of Miss Doughty, the brilliance and wonderful personality of Mrs. Cotnam and the deep thinking and wonderful storehouse of research work as shown in the earnest suffrage history lectures and argument of Mrs. Wilson. The latter at yesterday's two sessions put into the minds of Meridian women much food for earnest thought on the importance of getting suffrage for women which they will never forget. It is due to the intricate and skillful work of all three that Meridian women have forged to the front these two days, and were quick to come to their feet yesterday and make their maiden speeches on suffrage. Prominent Local Speakers. Among the prominent women speaking at the afternoon meeting was Mrs. C. C. Miller, who spoke of Abraham Lincoln's tribute to women and of the fact that a woman posing as "Liberty" was on the national coin. Mrs. Robert Brown said: "I am weary of going to the court house to pay my taxes and stand in line with the negro and the ignorant voter, and realize I am forced to pay taxes but cannot vote." Mrs. Haynes, one of the educators from the Meridian Woman's college, said she had been a suffragist since her early college days. Mrs. L. P. Brown told a timely story, and said she was glad to speak for suffrage and thought it was a divine plan. Miss Willie Brown, principal of Stevenson school, said one reason why sse wanted to vote, was to exercise the privilege of being honest with herself and with others; that women would never realize responsibilities until they were allowed the ballot. Learns from Experience. Miss Margaret Hodges graphically depicted some of the trials her mother, Mrs. George Hodges, experienced as leader of the Kings Daughters in ministering to the unfortunates among (Continued on page three.) (Continued from Page One). not only men and women, but the unfortunate girls and the helpless children. "This has made me see the need of suffrage. How often mother has found herself close to the goal of her desire to help the helpless and was prevented on account of having some official say, Mrs. Hodges, we cannot do that, there is no law that will allow it.'" Necessary to Development. At the morning session, Miss Crane of Belzoni said the development of woman depended on having the franchise given her. She said it meant much for the future of the race. Mrs. Gus Kendall, one of the leading club women of the state, said she realized that much could be done by the women of the state with the vote, for she knew what they had accomplished without it. Miss Mattie Thornton emphasized the importance of the vote to the individual woman and said that it meant much in the aggregate. Mrs. Neita Christian referred to the injustice of tax-paying women being denied a voice in politcs. Mrs. Brooks gave as her thought, that mothers would be enabled to have a better opportunty to train their children, for they would be trained themselves. From Humanity Viewpoint. Mrs. Leo Wellhouse said she believed in suffrage from a humanity viewpoint. Mrs. A. K. Hamm, city librarian, gave a very interesting talk on the reason why women should have the ballot, say she thought one of the greatest of arguments was found in the helpless mother with little children hanging to her skirts for the necessaries of life, when, if the ballot were given the women, better salaries would be paid women, and other vast and wonderful things would come to her, together with the home that would make life better and nobler. Speaks at High School. Mrs. H. W. Wilson spoke before the student body of the high schoolu yesterday morning at 8 o'clock, and talked on the industrial and educational question of suffrage. She was most enthusiatically received and great applause was given at the close of her remarks. Mrs. Wilson was introduced by Professor Sykes. Mrs. Wilson talked on money raising at the morning meeting and admonished the women to think great things, to ask for big things, and they would get them. She begged the women to surrender some of their pet luxuries and give the money to suffrage, and urged them to diminish their responsibilities with other organizations until suffrage was given them. In the afternoon, again she referred to "the little French woman" who at the close of the revolutionary war in France, spoke for woman's rights, and said: "If she can mount the guillotine why can't she mount the steps of the Commune.'" Prefer Federal Amendment. In her history lecture, Mrs. Wilson referred to the reasons why the suffragists prefer working more strongly for the federal amendment than for action by the states. She said oftentimes it was found difficult to amend constitutions, and again, she said it had been found that a straightl deal had not been given. She told how the vote was obtained in foreign countries and gave the history of the suffrage states in this country and how they came in for suffrage. This fine historian gave a dramatic and graphic recital throughout. "Why Kansas," said Mrs. Wilson, "will tell you they have cleaner poli tics and less debt since their women have a voice in their government." No Division Here. In taking on argument, Mrs. Wilson told of a family she knew where the husband and wife went to the polls at the last presidential election, he steping to one side while she voted for Mr. Wilson and then casting his own vote for Hughes. "The manner in which he raised his hat while she voted precluded any argument," said the speaker, "that the home of that couple was divided and rent asunder, for he paid tribute with bared head to the privilege his wife was given to voice her intellectuality and display her individuality and freedom," BATON ROUGE, LA., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1917. THE SUFFRAGE SCHOOL. More than 100 persons, representing many sections of the state, interested in seeing the ballot given to women, have enrolled in the Suffrage School being held here beginning Thursday for the purpose of organizing the suffrage workers more effectively. The school will last for three days, and is being conducted under the auspices of local suffrage organizations. The daily lectures will be given by veteran suffrage workers of national experience and reputation, and will include such topics as organization, woman suffrage history and argument, press and publicity work, parliamentary law, and money raising. The holding of this school is an interesting development of the suffrage movement in this state, and should result in measurably strengthening the work. Armed with the training and special instruction that will be given by the visiting leaders who have given many years to the study of the problem of winning a favorable public sentiment and votes in legislature, the workers in attendance should be able to accomplish more and drive their blows with more telling effect. Woman suffrage in Louisiana, as in all other states of the Union where the women have not yet been granted the franchise, is only a matter of time and education. Organization, co-operation and increased efficiency are the assets that will help the cause more than anything else and result in the final victory being more speedily won. BATON ROUGE, LA., MONDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1917. ADDRESS OF WAS B B SUFFRAGE SCHOOL CLOSES SATURDAY IN MASS MEETING Number Attend Meeting at Night in Garig Hall to Hear Speakers. The first suffrage school ever held in Louisiana was successfully concluded Saturday night when a mass meeting of citizens was held in Garig hall, L. S. U., with over 300 persons attending. Mrs. B. H. Myers, president of the New Orleans housewives league, presided at the meeting. Dr. W. O. Scroggs, professor of economics and sociology of the university, and Mrs. J. L. Wilson, Mrs. J. J. Cotnam, and Miss Anne Doughty, three national suffrage workers here conducting the school, were the speakers. The school was the first of its kind attempted in Louisiana, and similar ones were held in 36 other non-suffrage states. The sessions were held in Alumni hall, L. S. U., and more than 100 ladies enrolled for the courses. One of the features was a street speaking Thursday evening. The school was successful in many respects, and local suffrage workers are gratified over its outcome. 4 FINAL MEETING OF SUFFRAGISTS SATURDAY NIGHT Public Invited to Attend Big Rally to be Held in Garig Hall. NATIONAL LEADERS TO MAKE ADDRESSES Meeting Brings to Close the Suffrage School Held Here This Week. A big public meeting in Garig hall this (Saturday) evening at 8 o'clock will bring to a close the suffrage school that has been in progress here since Thursday morning. The final rally Saturday night will be held under auspices of the local suffrage organization, and every person in Baton Rouge interested in suffrage, both "pro's" and "anti's," are cordially invited and urged to be present. The meeting will be addressed by the three suffrage leaders of nation-wide experience who have conducted so successfully the suffrage school, Mrs. J. L. Wilson, Mrs. J. J. Cotnam and Miss Anne Doughty, and all who attend the exercises are assured of being pleasantly entertained and instructed. The school was opened Saturday morning by Mrs. Cotnam who made an address on publicity, stressing the use of literature prepared by national headquarters, and the importance of suffrage work in rural sections. Miss Doughty lectured on the organization of the suffrage workers, and devoted most of her time to answering questions in a general quiz. The final lecture of the morning was by Mrs. Wilson on the history of woman suffrage in the country. The final 15 minutes was taken up with discussion of money-raising methods. About 30 women attended the Saturday morning school, and all promises to increase the attendance for Saturday afternoon, the last session. BATON ROUGE, LA., SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1917. THE TIMES-PICAYUNE, SATURDAY, FEB. 24, 1917. MORE KNOWLEDGE OF MARKETS URGED UPON HOUSEWIVES Women Spend 90 Per Cent of Salaries of Men, Says Speaker at Capital. Baton Rouge, La., Feb. 23-- The Housewives' League, recently organized to cope with the rising cost of living in Baton Rouge, has decided to conduct an investigation into the cost of gas and electricity in the city. The league has obtained figures from other towns of about the same population as Baton Rouge and has decided that the gas and electricity rates here are too high. A committee from the league, headed by Mrs. J.A. Tucker, held a conference with officials of the Baton Rouge Electric Company, which control these public utilities, this afternoon. The committee will investigate the franchise under which the company is operating. Mrs. Henry B. Myers, president of the New Orleans Housewives' League, addressed the local organization in the city hall this afternoon. "We women are largely to blame if we do not get all that we pay for," said Mrs. Myers. "If we demand good weights and good articles, we will get them. The women spend 90 per cent of the salaries of the men; we ought to be ashamed that we don't know our markets better. We ought to be more careful and discriminating and intelligent about our buying," Mrs. Myers said. Mayor Grouchy and Commissioner L.J. Ricaud attended the meeting. AGAINST MILITANCY The speakers before the School of Suffrage, which is being conducted under the auspices of the National American Woman's Suffrage Association, at its second day's session this morning declared against militancy. "We are non-militant in the sense that we are not fighting against anything; we are fighting for something- a constructive work which everyone will respect, that, after all, is the spirit of Christianity," said Mrs. Halsey D. Wilson, of New York, one of the three lecturers who have been sent here to conduct the school. The others who spoke were: Miss Annie Doughty, of New York, and Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, of Little Rock. Mrs. Wilson traced the history of suffrage and supplemented her talk with a quiz of the women present, covering the principal events in the evolution of suffrage in the United States and the European countries. Miss Doughty outlined a plan for campaign for the cause in Louisiana. She proposed that a leader be appointed in each of the parishes who would be responsible for the work of her particular parish. About twenty-five women attended the session today. Tomorrow will be the third and last day of the school. The suffragists will hold a big open-air meeting in the North Boulevard tomorrow night. LISTS ROLLING STOCK Twice as many private car lines will have rolling stock listed on the state assessment as last year, according to L.E. Thomas, chairman of the Board of State Affairs. Through inquiries which have been sent to the railroads of the state by the board the names of 100 additional private car lines which have cars in service in Louisiana have been obtained. The property of private car lines is assessed in East Baton Rouge Parish, and this parish will derive the benefit from the increase in the assessment. Many Attend Suffrage School. Baton Rouge, La., Feb. 23.- A large number of well-known clubwomen and others are attending the woman suffrage school here. Those who have registered for the course follow: Mrs. J. A. Anderson, Mrs. T. W. Atkinson, Mrs. Elmo Badley, Miss Daisy Badley, Miss Margaret Bailey, Mrs. D. R. Barfield, Miss Annie Belae, Miss Helen Beale, Miss Bettie Bertram, Miss Mary H. Bird, Mrs. J. D. Bogan, Miss Agnes Boyd, Mrs. H. Payne Breazeale, Mrs. C. M. Brooks, Miss Ione Burden, Miss Josie Burris, Miss Mary Byrd, Mrs. Carl Campbell, Mrs. J. C. Cathier, Miss Abigail Callahan, Miss Lizzie Chambers, Miss Hattie Cutrer, Miss Bessie Cushman, Miss Eleanor Dalrymple, Mrs. Charles H. Dameron, Mrs. Arnand Daspit, Mrs. S. B. David, Miss Gladys Doherty, Miss Irene Dooley, Mrs. Charles Duchein, Mrs. William Eaton, Mrs. L. B. Elliot, Mrs. J. St. Clair Favrot, Miss Hessie Folkes, Miss Mary Folkes, Miss Louise Garig, Miss Nellie Gibbs, Mrs. Graham, Mrs. A. G. Grant, Mrs. Horace Green, Mrs. W. M. Hall, Miss Annie Hanna, Mrs. A. M. Herget, Mrs. Hills, Mrs. W. S. Holmes, Miss Ethel Hutson, Miss M. Hooper, Miss Ruth Israel, Mrs. S. Jarman, Miss Violet Keller, Mrs. A. Keller, Miss Etna Kelly, Miss Sidney Kilpatrick, Miss Agatha Lacroix, Miss Amy Leake, Miss Katie Lemon, Mrs. Le Sage, Miss Mamie Lewis, Miss Charlton Locke, Mrs. F. L. Loomis, Mrs. E. T. McDonald, Miss Doris McHugh, Mrs. C. P. McNeal, Miss Judith Magregor, Mrs. H. F. Magruder, Mrs. John Marshall, Miss Daisy Mays, Mrs. Henry B. Myers, Mrs. J. Moise, Miss Byrne Monget, Mrs. Neuhauser, Miss Lelia Obdenwever, Mrs. J. R. Parkerson, Mrs. W. W. Parson, Mrs. W. R. Perkins, Miss Kate Perkins, Miss Evelyn Perkins, Mrs. James Pirie, Miss Elizabeth Pirie, Miss Mary Pirie, Miss Barbara Pirie, Miss Elizabeth Pipes, Mrs. L. T. Postell, Miss Alice Porter, Miss Lucy Prescott, Mrs. F. W. Price, Miss Irene Pujol, Mrs. Mary Henham, Mrs. A. G. Reed, Mrs. John Redhead, Mrs. Nos. Reed, Miss Charlotte Rice, Miss Frances Robertson, Miss Annie Rogers, Mrs. Charles Rupp, Miss Alma Sabourin, Miss Helen Schlesinger, Miss Jrma Scott, Professor E. L. Scott, Miss Lois Simmons, Mrs. A. B. Singletary, Mrs. Tom Spiller, Mrs. C. H. Stumberg, Miss Willie Sullivant, Miss Alys Sutton, Miss Eleanor Taylor, Miss Eleanor Thom, Miss Alice Trichell, Miss Elvina Trichell, Mrs. Arthur Tucker, Mrs. W. W. Van Meter, Miss Mary Watts, Mrs. Horace Wilkinson, Mrs. Tom Wilson, Miss Catherine Winters, Mrs. Julia Woodside, Miss Inex Wren and Miss Eva Wright. Reception in Honor of Visiting Suffrage Leaders. The Equal Suffrage league extends an invitation to the women of Baton Rouge to attend the informal reception to be tendered the teachers of the National Suffrage school and the visiting club women at the home of Mrs. Charles H. Dameron, Friday afternoon from 5 to 7 o'clock. Important Meeting to Be Held During Suffrage School. Following is a schedule of events to be held during the suffrage school: Thursday, important conference of suffragists, at Istrouma hotel at 8 o'clock. Friday reception at the home of Mrs. Charles H. Damernon in honor of visitors. Saturday afternoon, an automobile ride to country club, and in the evening at 8 o'clock, an open meeting at which time prominent men of the state will speak. President H. S. Drinker of Lehigh the addresses of the day. Dr. Hill, the retiring president, formally turned over the administration of the college to President Riddick and the latter followed with his inaugural address. Greetings from other colleges closed the exercises. SUFFRAGE SCHOOL WORKERS GIVEN A WELCOME TO CITY Meeting Opened At Alumni Hall--Address Thursday Evening At 6 O'clock. The suffrage school, conducted under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage association, opened Thursday morning at Alumni hall with a welcome address from Col. T. D. Boyd, president of the state university, representing Governor Pleasant, and Mayor Grouchy representing the city. The response was made in behalf of the workers by Mrs. J. L. Wilson, who with Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, and Miss Anne Dougherty comprise the staff of workers from New York conducting the school. Mrs. Cotnam maed the first talk of the school on "Publicity," and advised the suffrage workers now they should go about creating a favorable public opinion to the suffrage cause. A public address will be made on Third street, at 6 o'clock Thursday evening by the workers. A meeting will be held at 8 o'clock Thursday night in the Elks theater. The suffrage school will last through Friday and Saturday, with sessions each day at 10 a. m. and 2 p. m., in Alumni hall. AMONG THE CLUBS Philistoria Attends Suffrage School The Philistoria dispensed with its program on Thursday afternoon, and adjourned at the close of a short business session to accept the invitation of the Suffrage School to attend its lectures. On Thursday next, March 1, there will be a special meeting of the Phil- BATON ROUGE, LA., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1917. [*New Orleans Times Picayune Mar 4, 1917.*] [?] AND EVENTS Baton Rouge Suffrage School Shows Many Ways to Advance the Cause of Women. Baton Rouge is to be congratulated upon affording the women of Louisiana three day's instruction on how to procure suffrage, the various courses presented by Mrs. J. L. Wilson of White Plains, N. Y., Mrs. J. J. Cotnam of Arkansas and Miss Anne Doughty having proven most valuable to those who were fortunate enough to enroll as students of the school. "No one yet has even gotten behind the suffrage movement and pushed it along," according to Mrs. Cotnam of Arkansas, who instructed in publicity. "Women have had to forge to the front, have had to ask for every inch of ground they have obtained, to plant the banner of liberty for women," the speaker asserted. "Realizing this fact, there should be no occasion when the matter of suffrage should not be placed before the public. Church conventions are good occasions to ask that a suffrage speaker be permitted to tell in ten minutes what good will come of 'ballots for both' or 'votes for women.' Literature should be handed 'round. Get a woman to talk who will stick to her subject and stick to the time limit. Men's conventions, revival meetings are good places to teach men or women that the suffrage movement is a deeply spiritual movement which women expect will bring them the power to effect moral changes. Surely, men want the women who have helped with the churches to have a voice in affairs of the community. Suffragists should ask the privilege of entertaining visitors and should lose no occasion to bring themselves before the public or an opportunity to disseminate the views of suffragists," Mrs. Cotnam told her students. An April showerwas suggested as a means of procuring funds for suffrage. Huge umbrellas are procured and sales are held under them, all suggestive of April showers. White elephant sales were said to bring good returns, also. Every housekeeper has something too good to give away or to break, and yet unfit for service or adornment in the home, and these vases or whatever they happen to be are taken to these 'white elephant' sales, where they may be coveted by someone else, purchased and the money given to suffrage. AN amusing story was told of a white elephant sale held in Birmingham. A bride had received a vase as a wedding present which she neither valued nor admired, and she concluded to dispose of it. The 'white elephant' was carried to the depot where such belongings were being received. In a few days the vase was returned to her, carefully wrapped, and a letter accompanied it. "For years I have looked for a vase to match the one I gave you for a wedding present, and, at last, I found it at a sale, ' the letter explained. The "missionary auto" was another suggestion made for spreading suffrage car legislature of Maryland in 1667, and her petition was seriously debated, from the point of view of the proper representation of the large property in her hands, and not from the point of view of justice to her sex. The historic protest of Mrs. Abigail Adams in 1776 may be taken as the first demand for representation on the part of women for her sex. This demand was, however, not made public but only in a letter to her husband, in which Mrs. Adams wrote: "I long to hear that you have declared an independency; and, by the way, in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than were your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of husbands. Remember all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention are not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound to obey any laws in which we have no voice or representation." Rather stong language, this, for a woman of 1776. No woman of 1916 used stronger. Of course Lady Abigail was addressing her husband; but she probably voiced the sentiments of the leading women of her day. Mrs. Wilson quoted freely from "The Blue Book," a suffrage volume edited by Frances M. Bjorkman and Annie G. Porritt, and published by the National Woman's Suffrage Publishing Company, 171 Madison avenue, New York. The speaker declared no one aspiring to lead in the work should be without one of these volumes, which contain a history of the suffrage movement, arguments and results of women's votes. The suffrage school was conducted for three days, and great good should result from the instruction it afforded. The instructors were women able, magnetic, and above all else they were most womanly representatives of that high type of woman which wields the greatest influence in any activity. Mrs. W. H. Holmes, chairman of the Louisiana Branch of the Woman's Suffrage party, was in Washington during the school term, and many of her duties fell to Mrs. A. B. Singletary, president of the Equal Rights League of Baton Rouge. Mrs. Singletary was assisted ably by a host of women. A few social features brought the visitors in close contact with the splendid women of Baton Rouge, the reception in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dameron proving one of the most enjoyable occasions of the week. Mrs. Singletary had twenty-five visitors and home women out for tea at her country place five miles from Baton Rouge. The automobile ride through the country, as spring was budding, and the charming hospitality dispensed by Mr. and Mrs. Singletary were enjoyed fully. Among those prominent in the activ- ENTERTAINMENTS Visitors Entertained with Ride and Lunch. Saturday afternoon at the conclusion of the final meeting of the Suffrage school, the teachers of the National Suffrage school and other guests, were delightfully entertained with an automobile ride over the model roads, stopping en route at the lovely country home of Mrs. A. B. Singletary, edited by Mrs. Lucille H Phone 807 from 8:30 a. m to 3 p. president of the local league, where an informal lunch was served. The menu consisted of hot Louisiana coffee, fresh milk, sandwiches and confections. The event was entirely informal, and enjoyed exceedingly by the following participants: Mrs. J. L. Wilson, Mrs. J. J. Cotnam, Miss Doughty, Mrs. Reid, Mrs. Meyers, Mrs. Price, Mrs. Thomas, Mrs. Eaton, Miss Sabourin, Mrs. Harris, Mrs. Herget, Mrs. Strickland, Mrs. Dameron, Mrs. Reed, Mrs. Stumberg, Mrs. McNeel, Mrs. Elvinah Reddy Young, Mrs. Brooks, Mrs. Carruthers, and others. Brilliant Reception Given Suffrage School Visitors. Firday afternoon, the home of Mrs. Charles Dameron, was the scene of one of the largest and most beautiful entertainments of the season, when the members of the local Suffrage League, entertained with a reception in honor of the teachers and visitors of the National Suffrage School, and other guests. The suffrage colors predominated in the decorations which were elaborately and artistically carried out with yellow jasmine and jonquils, arranged with ferns. The table in the diningroom, where refreshments were served, was particularly lovely with jasmine and jonquils, and the many lights shone through softly yellow tinted globes. In the receiving line were Mrs. A. B. Singletary, president of the local organization, Mrs. Horace Wilkinson, vice president; Mrs. J. L. Williams, Mrs. J. J. Cotnam, Miss Anne Doughty, Mrs. W. W. Van Meter, Mrs. Meyers, Mrs. Read and Mrs. Price. The committee entertaining were Mrs. A. M. Herget, Mrs. A. G. Reed, Mrs. J. G. Woodside, Mrs. William McFarland, and Mrs. H. J. Feltus. Mrs. G. P. McNeel and Mrs. Elvinah Reddy Young served at the punch table and Misses Mimi Newsham, Sybil Wilkinson, Betsy Singletary, Nan Badley, and Amy Leake, presided in the dining room. In spite of the inclement weather, a large number of prominent society members called during the hours set apart. BATON ROUGE, LA., MONDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1917. Meridian, Miss., News. Mississippi women welcomed suffragists of national fame last week when a suffrage school held forth three days for the enlightenment of the would-be voters. The city hall of Meridian was used as an assembly room where the instruction was imparted, and more than 150 prominent women from all over the state attended the sessions. Miss Pauline V. Orr, president of the Mississippi branch of the National American Women's Suffrage Association, was an attentive listener. The school was conducted by Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, of White Plains, N. Y., manager of the school and instructor in woman suffrage history and money getting; Mrs. T. T. Cotman, of Little Rock, Ark., expounded the art of public speaking and gave tips on how to procure the right kind of publicity, and Miss Annie Doughty, of New York, told of organization and preliminary law. Baton Rouge, La. Mrs. W. H. Holmes, president of the Woman's Suffrage Party of Louisiana, and Mrs. A. B. Singletary, president of the Louisiana League for Equal Suffrage, of Baton Rouge, sponsored a three days' suffrage school in Baton Rouge last week, attendance Thursday, Friday and Saturday including women from remote parts of Louisiana. Entertainment was given all visitors and a most pleasant as well as profitable meeting was held. ate had acted [?][26;17] Houston Suffragists Off to School Today Women of Houston have an opportunity of learning the why and wherefore of suffrage if they commence attendance Monday morning at the suffrage school which will open at 10 o'clock in the banquet hall of the Rice hotel. The afternoon session will begin at 2 and close at 4 o'clock. In order that as much work as possible may be completed, all prospective pupils are asked to be on hand promptly at the time set for the opening of the meeting. The class limit is 200 members. The school will be conducted free. Any who wish to join the class and who have not enrolled can do so by communicating with Mrs. C. J. Robertson at 108 Hathaway avenue. Three teachers will conduct the course. These are Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, Mrs. T. T. Cotman and Miss Anne Doughty. Upholsters settees, fumed oak and mission $12.50. 4 Book cases, $7.50 up. Books cheap but good. We deliver anywhere in the city limits. We have many other equally good bargains- call us up and inquire. Visit our showrooms at 209 San Jacinto Street, whether you wish to buy now or later. Westheimer Auction and Furniture Exchange. Preston 1366. TWO dining suites, several bedroom suites. 5 refrigerators. Westheimer Auction and Furniture Exchange, 209 San Jacinto St. Preston 1366. FOR SALE-1 chiffonier and dresser, Circassian walnut massive furniture; original cost $100; will sell for $40. Cal Taylor 333. SOLID oak buffet, dining table, 6 dining chairs, colonial bedroom suite, marble top library table. Phone Hadley 3164. FOR SALE-At bargain, mahogany parlor cabinet, silk tapestry, sofa, 4-burner gas range, all in perfect condition. Preston. GOVERNOR'S WIFE SEES BILL SIGNED Indianapolis, Feb. 28.--With only Mrs. Goodrich looking on, Governor James P. Goodrich today signed the woman's partial suffrage bill. The law gives the women of Indiana the right to vote for presidential electors, many state officers and for all county, city, and township officers. BABIES DON'T DIE SO FAST WHERE WOMEN BALLOT Suffrage Workers Have Figures to Show That Infant Mortality is Affected by the Vote. The two session, morning and afternoon, of the Equal Suffrage Practice School in the Rice banquet hall on Wednesday were marked with a gratifying interest and a large attendance. An interesting sidelight on the question of equal rights was brought out by Mrs. Halsey Wilson. She took up the matter of infant mortality, contrasting the number of babies that die under one year of age in countries where the women have suffrage with countries and territories where equal rights are still withheld. Some of these figures are appalling. In the town of Dunedin, in New Zealand, which far flung dependence of the British empire enjoys equal suffrage, the infant mortality is the lowest in the world--38 out of the 1000, or about 3.8 per cent. And in Lowell, Mass., in the heart of New England, the oldest settled part of the enlightened United States of America, where the wops and the tans and the thugs vote and the women don't, the infant mortality is 231 to the 1000! Even Germany High. The highest mortality in the world is in Russia--248 to the 1000, and Lowell is the closest second--closer than Germany with fabulous efficiency and a rate of 192; closer than New York City with 125, closer than the United States with 124 throughout the country to the 1000. Other features of the day in the school were demonstrations of canvassing for votes, with especial attentions to antis, under Mrs. Doughty, and the history of the acquisition of suffrage territory, under Mrs. Cotnam. The stump speaking practice was continued, and the distinguished leaders of the school declare that some very excellent local talent has been brought out. "I'm very much encouraged by what I have seen of prospects in Houston," declares Mrs. Wilson, 'and with such splendid leaders as Miss Lavina Engle, your state organizer, and Mrs. Cunningham, your state president, I don't see why Houston can not have any kind of organization it wants." Gains in Electoral College. In connection with suffrage history, it was stated this morning that since January 1 the cause has gained control of 39 new votes in the electoral college. It now controls 135 votes all told, and there are only 531 votes in the college. And they are all worked up over the South. It looks, they say, as though a national amendment would go through congress making suffrage nationwide, and they want to see the Southern states adopt suffrage for themselves without waiting to have it forced down their throats, so to speak. It is felt that almost any time a majority could be obtained in the Texas legislature, but it is expected that Tennessee will be the first state of the South to enfranchise its women. The whole South is now solid anti--officially, at least --but the time is at hand, and the fields are green or rather black and yellow, with the harvest. This afternoon at 6 o'clock, at Main and Preston, Houston will hear some real street speaking--just like they have every night up and down the avenues in New York. Mrs. Cotnam, Mrs. Wilson and Mrs. Doughty will talk in the open air on suffrage, and it is safe to predict that they will reach some people who were never reached before. Mrs. Cotnam, by the way, is the lady who spoke in New York every night for three months. The Mass meeting at the Beach Auditorium was well attended by the general public Tuesday evening, and the speeches were well received. Today is the last day of the practice school. Again Looted. (Associated Press Report.) EL PASO, Texas, Feb 25.--Villa troop movements continue to center around Juarez and Chihuahua City and an attack may be expected upon either town within the next week, according to government agents and Villa partisans here. Villa followers are reported 58 miles south of Juarez and southeast of Juarez, opposite Fort Hancock, Texas. The movement against Juarez and Chihuahua City is said to be delayed pending the arrival of Francisco Villa. He was reported near San Andres, Chihuahua, Tuesday on his way north with his main command. Salazar Friday entered Pearson, Chihuahua, and looted a number of houses and the Madera Lumber company's store. This is the second time within two weeks Pearson has been looted. A skirmish also was reported between Pearson and Casas Suffrage School will Open Monday Morning [*Post Feb. 25*] The suffrage training school will open in Houston in the banquet hall of the Rice hotel on Monday morning at 10 o'clock, and all students are requested to be in their places promptly in order that the sessions may not be delayed. Teachers of the school, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, Mrs. T. T. Cotnam and Miss Anne Doughty, will arrive in Houston Sunday. In addition to conducting the school they will speak at the public meeting to be held at the Main street auditorium Tuesday night at 8 o'clock. The committee in charge of the school is composed of the following: Mrs. Albert Guerard, Mrs. Harris Masterson, Mrs. Underwood Nazro, Mrs. William H. Fain, Mrs. C. J. Robertson, Miss Julia Ideson, Miss Linda Gieseke, Mrs. C. A. Teagle, Mrs. W. B. Sharpe, Mrs. Sterling Myer, Mrs. D. Edward Greer and Mrs. A. C. Ford. Ushers who will serve at the public meeting are Miss Ruth Dougherty, Helen Weinberg, Adele Waggaman, Camille Waggaman, Florence McAllister, Barbara Gross, Mary T. Moore, Mabel Kennedy, Carrie Hodges, Zuleika Ware, Freddie Wolf, Elizabeth S. Snoddy, Lillian Grunewald, Jean Milnes, May Speer, Myrtle Cottrill, Verner Benton, Mavis Ward, Nola McCarthy and Ottis Pearson. [*Feb. 28, '17*] HOUSTON DAILY POST: AUDIENCE ENJOYED SUFFRAGE SPEAKERS Mixed Crowd Listened to Talks by Visiting Women. Instructors From Suffrage Training School Now Being Conducted in Houston Appeared on Platform. Tuesday night for the first time a mixed audience heard the three women who are teaching the suffrage training school in Houston. The day of teaching in the two sessions at the banquet hall of the Rice hotel culminated in the big public night meeting at the Main street auditorium. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N. Y., spoke on "The Truth About Woman Suffrage," and Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Arkansas, native of Virginia, and one- time resident of Texas, spoke on "Practical Ability" (of women), and Miss Ann Doughty of Massachusetts talked on "Old Standards and New." The three speakers occupied the platform with Mrs. Harris Masterson, who introduced them. Miss Doughty cleverly depicted the woman of colonial times whose "Own Book" set for her the standard upon which she must fashion her life--that of the anaemic, hothouse plant, the uneducated species of feminine given to fancy work and wax flowers. Beside this she drew another picture, that of the woman of today. Her comparisons brought on an argument which resulted in giving the latter woman, normally keeping progress with the age, an equal footing politically with man, to enable her to better take care of her family, which had broadened into that of mankind. SPOKE EVERY NIGHT FOR THREE MONTHS. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, known as the woman who spoke every night for three months in New York, because she can hit the "bull's eye" of conviction with true aim, gave a splendid address, proving herself all that she is reputed to be--a thoroughly clever speaker. With the speed of a rapid fire gun she threw out questions like this: "If in the United States every man of every color and nationality has been Americanized, isn't it about time you Americanized the American woman?" "Are they not in every way citizens in the highest and best sense of the word?--taxpayers, city builders, law-abiders?" "The proof of the pudding is the eating," says Mrs. Wilson, the next speaker. She told of the things women had done with their votes--putting through humane laws, in 11 States the equal guardianship law of children, raising the age of consent, equal pay for equal work, eight-hour day for women, new and better prison regulations, passing laws for better food inspection, for better public morals in communities, better conditions for working women, etc. Women's votes, she said, went more for protective legislation than curative. TEACHING WOMEN HOW TO TAKE STUMP. The afternoon session of the school brought out a pleasing feature in teaching women how to take the stump. Volunteers were called for and their speeches were commented upon constructively. Mrs. Cotnam conducted the class, and those who responded were Mrs. M. E. Tracy, Miss Julia Runge, Mrs. Joe S. Palmer, Miss Kate Hunter of Palestine, who is first vice president of the State Equal Suffrage association; Miss Jessie Patterson Smith, Mrs. C. A. Teagle and others. At Wednesday's class this w[?ill] be continued. Wednesday's program is as follows: Session at 10 a.m. to 12 o'clock. The topic will be the "Results of Equal Suffrage." At the morning session, the phase, how it has been done, will be discussed, and at the afternoon session, from 2 to 4 o'clock, what laws have been promoted will be discussed. A demonstration on how to canvass for votes, particularly among the "antis," will be an interesting feature. [*Feb 27,'17*] HOUSTON DAILY POST- HOUSTON HOLDING SUFFRAGE SCHOOL Opening Session at Rice Monday Morning Well Attended. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, Mrs. T. T. Cotman and Miss Ann Doughty Teachers--Many Arguments Presented. "Suffrage today is no longer an isolated thing; it is part of the big movement toward democracy, and it is as impossible to stem the tide of this phase of the democracy as it is to stem the tide of the ocean. "Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, president of the National American Woman's Suffrage association, has been planning to unify the work of suffrage. She is building up the organization all over the country, and as a part of that work she first established these national suffrage training schools to equip an army of intelligent and efficient workers. This Houston school is the tenth of the Southern schools." With the foregoing words, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson began her address before about 200 women at the Rice hotel banquet hail Monday morning, on the occasion of the opening of the suffrage training school in Houston. In the audience were many prominent women from out of town. Houston's representation included many of her most active women. On the platform with Mrs. Wilson were Mrs. T. T. Cotman and Miss Ann Doughty, two other teachers. Miss Julia Ideson introduced the speakers and opened the meeting. Two sessions were held-at 10 a. m. and 2 p. m. Mrs. Wilson is a speaker of unusual ability, and spices her talk with a spontaneous wit which wins her audience at once. She rapidly reviewed woman in history, showing her evolution and the effects of the laws and customs upon her, both as a prehistoric and a historic woman. Among the influences that had contributed to the higher freedom of woman today she mentioned Christianity. Another interesting speaker was Mrs. Cotman, who is a Texan by adoption, having married in this State and having three children born here. She spoke on "The Advisability of Not Hiding Your Light Under a Bushel," and laid down some strong principles why women should take up the work of winning suffrage for their sex. She spoke with reference to the importance of the daily newspaper to womankind, and advised tolerance when the paper disagreed with her views. She advised cooking schools, saying they were fine mediums for making good suffragists out of nonsuffragists. Tuesday's program includes a lecture by Mrs. Wilson, "The Truth About Suffrage"; by Mrs. Cotman, "Practical Ability," and Miss Doughty, "Outworn Standards in an Ongoing World." A question will be asked: "What will you do for suffrage in Houston this year?" Tuesday night at 8 o'clock there will be a public meeting at Main street, formerly Beach, auditorium, in which each of the teachers will speak. Mrs. Harris Masterson will preside, and Mrs. Minnie Fisher Cunningham, State president, will be present. [*Houston Chronicle*] TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1917. The Chr LARGER CROWDS TURNING OUT FOR SUFFRAGE STUDY Women Will Center Drive for Ballots on the Country; Farm House Their Greatest Obstacle. Even larger crowds than those of Monday attended the second day's sessions of the Equal Suffrage Practice School, held in the banquet hall of the Rice Hotel. In the afternoon, a course in public speaking was opened by Mrs. T. T. Cotman of Arkansas, who is among the first rank women speakers of the country. The purpose of the practice school is to train prospective stump orators for the cause in easy and graceful, as well as earnest and forceful delivery, and the work of the day was characterized. Methods and procedure in campaigning were stressed during the morning session. "We are giving the most attention to methods of approaching the women of the rural districts." said Mrs. W. H. Fain, one of the leaders of the movement here. "In my home state--New York--we made our great mistake in neglecting the country. The campaign waged in the city was most successful, and if we had given the same attention to the communities up the Hudson that New York City and Albany received, we would have won easily. For, strange as it may seem, we find the greatest apathy and the strongest opposition in the farm houses." Tonight at the Beach Auditorium on Main Street--a suffrage mass meeting will be held, at which Mrs. Cotnam, Mrs. Wilson and Mrs. Doughty will speak on the subjects outlined in yesterday's Chronicle. The meeting is free, and it is hoped that a large representation of the general public will attend. It is assured that they will hear something of interest. Tomorrow evening at 6 o'clock on the corner of Main and Preston an open air meeting will be held, at which the same speakers will be heard. [* Houston Chronicle Feb. 26, '17 *] SUFFRAGE NEAR, ANNOUNCEMENT AS SCHOOL OPENS Mrs. Halsey W. Williams, Organizer, of New York, Says "Great Step Forward" Is at Hand. "There is one thing that must be understood about the movement for equal suffrage. It is not a restricted movement. It is not an isolated movement, or a thing of local interest alone. We consider it a vital part of the great forward progress of mankind, following in logical sequence the achievements that have through the ages made human life better and more profitable and more worth while." Thus Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of New York characterizes the work that brings her to Houston in company with other noted speakers in the cause of equal suffrage, to open and conduct the Suffrage Training School now in session at the Rice Hotel. Equal Suffrage Is Democracy. Equal suffrage, she declares, is the ultimate end of democracy, and there can be no real democracy until men and women are placed on the same equal plane, and the suffrage movement follows the great movement of political and economic liberty and independence. As to the suffrage training school. she says: "Carrie Chapman Catt. the present head of the national organization for equal suffrage, has the same type of mind which is found in great generals and leaders of men. Immediately upon taking up her duties at the head of the suffrage movement, she began to work out and to apply throughout the country the same principles of unification and organization--mobilization, in a word, by which the armies of a nation are prepared for military service. She has a natural genius for organization and execution. Far Reaching Organization. "The suffrage training schools are part of that plan, which covers every part of the country. The school now in session in Houston is the eleventh of the series, the first of which was held in Baltimore. The next will be in Dallas. "The purpose behind all of them is to give the women of the country practical training in the theory and field work of the suffrage organization, and the greatest good is expected to result from them." Mrs. Wilson expressed herself as highly gratified at the number of women who had appeared to take active interest in the work in Houston. "Just now," she said, "seems to me the logical time for a great push in Texas. We think that only a concerted statewide effort is necessary to put the thing through. We think that more and more the people are realizing. "We find that everywhere through the country the wide awake and progressive forces in each community-- especially the progressive newspapers--are with us. And strange as it may seem, the greatest opponent to the cause is the apathy of the women in the rural districts. Most of the men are with us, and all the newspapers that are alive to the needs of the present day. It is the women who [?] hind. "But we believe [?] these women into line [?] ter of education. W[?] understand, as they will if properly approached, they will come over unanimously to the movement. "Here is another thing to be stressed. The events of the recent years--especially in Europe, have showed plainly that the hour of the greatest imaginable social reformation and reorganization is at hand. It means a new scheme of things, and a new plan of existence through all the social fabric. It follows that every individual member of society must adjust himself and herself to that new condition. And the way to adjustment is through equal suffrage. "It must be understood--let me say it again--that equal suffrage is not alone a thing for the benefit of the women, but for mankind, and it is to my mind the highest realization of the upward and forward moving of humanity." Besides Mrs. Wilson, who, besides being prominent as a writer and lecturer and field worker for the cause of equal suffrage, is with her husband, the force behind the Halsey Wilson Publishing Company, [?M]rs T. T. Cotnam of Arkansas, and [?] S. N. Donal [?] showing made Monday morning in the Rice banquet hall, some 200 hundred earnest suffragists being on hand. Mrs. Fain's efforts, with the management of the Rice, suffrage poster and the mingled colors of the cause and the United States of America, have made a most distinctive and appropriate place of the smaller banquet hall, where the sessions of the school are held. The attention of the public is invited to the program of the suffrage mass meeting set for Tuesday night in the Beach Auditorium. Mrs. Cotnam will speak on "Practicability," Mrs. Anne Doughty on "Outworn Standards in an Ongoing World," and Mrs. Wilson on "The Truth About Woman's Suffrage." All three are lecturers of the highest reputation. The three distinguished suffragists now in Houston to conduct the sessions of the equal suffrage training SUFFRAGE NEAR, ANNOUNCEMENT AS SCHOOL OPENS Mrs. Halsey W. Williams, Organizer, of New York, Says "Great Step Forward" Is at Hand. "There is one thing that must be understood about the movement for equal suffrage. It is not a restricted movement. It is not an isolated movement, or a thing of local interest alone. We consider it a vital part of the great forward progress of mankind, following in logical sequence the achievements that have through the ages made human like better and more profitable and more worth while." Thus Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of New York characterizes the work that brings her to Houston in company with other noted speakers in the cause of equal suffrage, to open and conduct the Suffrage Training School now in session at the Rice Hotel. Equal Suffrage Is Democracy. Equal suffrage, she declares, is the ultimate end of democracy until men and women are placed on the same equal plane, and the suffrage movement follows the great movement of political and economic liberty and independence. As to the suffrage training school. she says: "Carrie Chapman Catt, the president head of the national organization for equal suffrage, has the same type of mind which is found in great general and the leaders of men. Immediately upon taking up her duties at the head of the suffrage movement, she began to work out and to apply throughout the country the same principles of unification and organization--mobilization, in a word, by which the armies of a nation are prepared for military service. She has a natural genius for organization and execution. Far Reaching Organization. "The suffrage training schools are part of that plan, which covers every part of the country. The school now in session in Houston is the eleventh of the series, the first of which was held in Baltimore. The next will be held in Dallas. "The purpose behind all of them is to give the women of the country practical training in the theory and field work of the suffrage organization, and the greatest good is expected to result from them." Mrs. Wilson expressed herself as highly gratified at the number of women who had appeared to take active interest in the work in Houston. "Just now," she said, "seems to me the logical time for a great push in Texas. We think that only a concerted statewide effort is necessary to put the thing through. We think that more and more the people are realizing. "We find that everywhere through the country the wide awake and progressive forces in each community --especially the progressive newspapers--are with us. ANd strange as it may seem, the greatest opponent to the cause is the apathy of the women in the rural districts. Most of the men are with us, and all the newspapers that are alive to the needs of the present day. It is the women who lag behind. "But we believe [th?] these women into line ter of education. W understand, as they will if properly approached, they will come over unanimously to the movement. "Here is another thing to be stressed. The events of the recent years--especially in Europe, have showed plainly that the hour of the greatest imaginable social reformation and reorganization is at hand. It means a new scheme of things, and a new plan of existence through all the social fabric. It follows that every individual member of society must adjust himself and herself to that new condition. And the way to adjustment is through equal suffrage. "It must be understood--let me say it again-- that equal suffrage is not alone a thing for the benefit of the women but for mankind, and it is to my mind the highest realization of the upward and forward moving of humanity." Besides Mrs. Wilson, who, besides being prominent as a writer and lecturer and field worker for the cause of equal suffrage, is with her husband, the force behind the Hal[?s]ey Wilson Publishing Company. [Mrs.] T. T. Cotnam of Arkansas, and [?s] S. N. Doughty of New York, in Houston speaking before the [?ge] Training School. anagement of the school is hands of Mrs. M. H. [?]ghly gratified at the showing made Monday morning in the Rice banquet hall, some 200 hundred earnest suffragists being on hand. Mrs. Fain's efforts, with the management of the Rice, suffrage poster and the United States of America, have made a most distinctive and appropriate place of the smaller banquet hall, where the sessions of the school are held. The attention of the public is invited to the program of the suffrage mass meeting set for Tuesday night in the Beach Auditorium. Mrs. Cotnam will speak on "Practicability," Mrs. Anne Doughty on "Outworn Standards in an Ongoing World," and Mrs. Wilson on "The Truth About Woman's Suffrage." All three are lecturers of the highest reputation. The three distinguished suffragists now in Houston to conduct the sessions of the equal suffrage training school are being entertained in circles of the cause. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam is the guest of Mrs. Harris Masterson, Mrs. Anne Doughty of Mrs. Gerard of Rice and Mrs. Halsey Wilson of Mrs. W. H. Fain. [*Feb. 27, 17*] HOUSTON DAILY POST: HOUSTON HOLDING SUFFRAGE SCHOOL Opening Session at Rice Monday Morning Well Attended. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, Mrs. T. T. Cotman and Miss Ann Doughty Teachers--Many Arguments Presented. "Suffrage today is no longer an isolated thing; it is part of the big movement toward democracy, and it is as impossible to stem the tide of this phase of democracy as it is to stem the tide of the ocean. "Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, president of the National American Woman's Suffrage association, has been planning to unify the work of suffrage. She is building up the organization all over the country, and as a part of that work she first established these national suffrage training schools to equip an army of intelligent and efficient workers. This Houston school is the tenth of the Southern schools." With the foregoing words, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson began her address before about 200 women at the Rice hotel banquet hall Monday morning, on the occasion of the opening of the suffrage training school in Houston. In the audience were many prominent women from out of town. Houston's representation included many of her most active women. On the platform with Mrs. Wilson were Mrs. T. T. Cotman and Miss Ann Doughty, two other teachers. Miss Julia Ideson introduced the speakers and opening the meeting. Two sessions were held--at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. Mrs. Wilson is a speaker of unusual ability, and spices her talk with a spontaneous wit which wins her audience at once. She rapidly reviewed woman in history, showing her evolution and the effects of the laws and customs upon her, both as a prehistoric and a historic woman. Among the influences that had contributed to the higher freedom of woman today she mentioned Christianity. Another interesting speaker was Mrs. Cotman, who is a Texan by adoption, having married in this State and having three children born here. She spoke on "The Advisability of Not Hiding Your Light Under a Bushel." and laid down some strong principles why women should take up the work of winning suffrage for their sex. She spoke with reference to the importance of the daily newspaper to womankind, and advised tolerance when the paper disagreed with her views. She advised cooking schools, saying they were fine mediums for making good suffragists out of nonsuffragists. Tuesday's program includes a lecture by Mrs. Wilson, "The Truth About Suffrage": by Mrs. Cotman, "Practical Ability," and Miss Doughty, "Outworn Standards in an Ongoing World." A question will be asked: "What will you do for suffrage in Houston this year?" Tuesday night at 8 o'clock there will be a public meeting at Main street, formerly Beach, auditorium, in which each of the teachers will speak. Mrs. Harris Masterson will preside, and Mrs. Minnie Fisher Cunningham, State president, will be present. TH Suffrage Leaders to Teach Houston Women How to Organize Drive for Votes Three of Nation's Foremost Workers Will Open 3-Day Suffrage School in Houston Next Week. Three women, all prominent in the national suffrage movement, will hold a "suffrage school" in Houston for three days next week. They are Miss Annie Doughty of New York City, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, White Plains, N. Y., and Mrs. Florence Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark. Starting Monday, February 26, they will hold "school" at the Rice Hotel continuously throughout the day, lecturing in turn from 10 o'clock until 4:30, except during the hours from 12 to 2. That night they will address a public meeting. On Tuesday and Wednesday they will speak from 3:45 to 4:30. They will take up suffrage organization, suffrage history, press work, public speaking, argument, questions, parliamentary law and money raising. Miss Doughty Well Known. Few women in the suffrage cause know more about the organization of women along political lines than Miss Annie Doughty of New York City, chairman of the Manhattan Borough branch of the woman suffrage party. For years Miss Doughty has been an ardent advocate for votes for women, and starting from the comparatively humble position of captain of the Fifteenth Assembly District, has worked her way up through the successive offices of vice leader and leader of the Nineteenth Assembly District to the important position of chairman of a great borough organization in 1916. As leader of the Nineteenth Assembly District, Miss Doughty handled the second largest assembly district of New York City during the recent suffrage campaign, having under her supervision the work of 48 election district captains. Under her management the Nineteenth Assembly District made a splendid showing, canvassing thousands of voters, holding innumerable meetings, disturbing countless leaflets and furnishing many women watchers who served at the polls on election day. As borough chairman she had under her jurisdiction 838 election district captains and 31 assembly district leaders, who consulted her daily about the innumerable activities that make the woman suffrage party one of the busiest suffrage societies of the country. Proof of Her Ability To rise of the position Miss Doughty occupies required a level head, executive ability, the power of making quick decisions, optimism, a steady purpose, a knowledge of human nature and ability to understand all kinds of people. All these Miss Doughty possesses to a marked degree. But it is not her personal qualities of which she is proud. "I came into the suffrage cause in the days when it took courage to be a suffragist," she said in a recent interview. "I was one of the first women in New York City to go canvassing in the tenements and to interview recalcitrant politicians. With thousands of women in this town enrolled under the equal suffrage banner, with men in public positions under our city government boldly declaring themselves on our side, with most of our newspaper championing the cause, it does not take the same courage to work for suffrage now as it did when the party was first organized. I am proud of the fact that I belong to New York City's old suffrage guard." Has Long Been Leader. Miss Doughty has a practical knowledge of parliamentary law gained from presiding at many meetings. and she can make a vigorous suffrage speech. As she formally was a leading light in literary and dramatic circles in New York, she is able to present her argument in a striking fashion. She infuses into her public addresses, too, a broad cosmopolitan spirit gained by many years of residence in Paris and other European cities. Miss Doughty has been prevailed upon by the National American Woman Suffrage Association to travel from city to city to give the students of the various suffrage schools that are to be held the benefit of her many experiences and her long training. She will give instruc- Mrs. Florence Cotnam Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson Miss Annie Doughty in Tyler, Texas, and her three children were born there. Later she moved to Little Rock, Ark., where she has been a leading member of the community, being active in club, church, and philanthropic work. For three years Mrs. Cotnam has been president of the Aesthetic Club, the oldest and largest woman's club in the state and she was the first secretary of the Arkansas Federation of Women's Clubs. For years she has worked for woman suffrage and was the first woman who ever addressed the Arkansas legislature on that subject, when in 1915 she made a speech to the house, and helped to secure the passage of a suffrage bill through that body. Mrs. Cotnam has been a dramatic reader, and to a rich and powerful [?] well known. Few women in the suffrage cause know more about the organization of women along political lines than Miss Annie Doughty of New York City, chairman of the Manhattan Borough branch of the woman suffrage party. For years Miss Doughty has been an ardent advocate for votes for women, and, starting from the comparatively humble position of captain of the Fifteenth Assembly District, has worked her way up through the successive offices of vice leader and leader of the Nineteenth Assembly District to the important position of chairman of a great borough organization in 1916. As leader of the Nineteenth Assembly District, Miss Doughty handled the second largest assembly district of the New York City during the recent suffrage campaign, having under her supervision the work of 48 election district captains. Under her management the Nineteenth Assembly District made a splendid showing, canvassing thousands of voters, holding innumerable meetings, distributing countless leaflets and furnishing many women watchers who served at the polls on the election day. As borough chairman she had under her jurisdiction 838 election district captains and 31 assembly district leaders, who consulted her daily about the innumerable activities that make the woman suffrage party one of the busiest suffrage societies of the country. Proof of Her Ability. To rise to the position Miss Doughty occupies required a level head, executive ability, the power of making quick decisions, optimism, a steady purpose, a knowledge of human nature and ability to understand all kinds of people. All these Miss Doughty possesses to a marked degree. But it is not her personal qualities of which she is proud. "I came into the suffrage cause in the days when it took courage to be a suffragist," she said in a recent interview. "I was one of the first women in New York City to go canvassing in the tenements and to interview recalcitrant politicians. With thousands of women in this town enrolled under the equal suffrage banner, with men in public positions under our city government boldly declaring themselves on our side, with most of our newspapers championing the cause, it does not take the same courage to work for suffrage now as it did when the party was first organized. I am proud of the fact that I belong to New York City's old suffrage guard." Has Long Been Leader. Miss Doughty has a practical knowledge of parliamentary law gained from presiding at many meetings, and she can make a vigorous suffrage speech. As she formerly was a leading light in literary and dramatic circles in New York, she is able to present her argument in a striking fashion. She infuses into her public addresses, too, a broad cosmopolitan spirit gained by many years of residence in Paris and other European cities. Miss Doughty has been prevailed upon by the National American Woman Suffrage Association to travel from city to city to give the students of the various suffrage schools that are to be held the benefit of her many experiences and her long training. She will give instruction in organization work and in parliamentary law. She is bound to be a popular teacher, for her earnestness and pleasing personality always make a favorable impression. Mrs. Wilson an Instructor. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, a prominent suffrage worker, is associated with Mrs. Mary A. Livermore in the educational work conducted under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. At present this work takes the form of suffrage schools that are to be held in this 36 non-suffrage states of the Union. At these schools Mrs. Wilson is an instructor, usually in suffrage arguments and history and is a forcible and convincing speaker. She has a wide knowledge of many subjects as benefits the wife of a man who has built up a business on supplying knowledge to all kinds of people and institutions. For Mrs. Wilson was a co-founder with her husband of the Halsey W. Wilson Publishing Company, a great educational plant that began its existence in Minneapolis and is now established at White Plains, N. Y., from which center it sends out information on every known subject to librarians, authors, magazines and to foreign people and publications. With such a background Mrs. Wilson can be trusted to be sure of her facts. Mrs. Wilson has been in suffrage work for some years. She is chairman of educational work for the Fourth Assembly district suffragists of New York City, and president of the White Plains Equal Suffrage Club. Mrs. Cotnam a Speaker. Mrs. Florence Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark., is an able and eloquent supporter of the woman suffrage cause. She is a Virginian by birth, a worthy descendent of ancestors who gave their lives for the cause of American liberty. She was married MRS. HALSEY W. WILSON MISS ANNIE DOUGHTY in Tyler, Texas, and her three children were born there. Later she moved to Little Rock, Ark., where she has been a leading member of the community, being active in club, church and philanthropic work. For three years Mrs. Cotnam has been president of the Aesthetic Club, the oldest and largest woman's club in the state, and she was the first secretary of the Arkansas Federation of Women's Clubs. For years she has worked for woman suffrage and was the first woman who ever addressed the Arkansas legislature on that subject, when in 1915 she made a speech to the house, and helped to secure the passage of a suffrage bill through that body. Mrs. Cotnam has been a dramatic reader, and to a rich and powerful voice adds the ability to make an appealing and forceful speech. She is witty, has a pleasing personality and in the many suffrage campaigns in which she has participated and notably in the recent one in New York state she has won many converts to the cause of political equality. [?] [*Dallas*] NEWS, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1917 - PART FOUR SUFFRAGE SCHOOL TO OPEN HERE THURSDAY THREE PROMINENT WOMEN WILL GIVE INSTRUCTION AT CITY HALL. Public speaking will be one of the subjects taught in the suffrage school to be held at the Chamber of Commerce and Manufacturers' Association Building on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday under the auspices of the Dallas Equal Suffrage Association. The schools are helpd in all parts of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. The first session will be held at 10:30 o'clock Thursday morning. In addition to public speaking, organization work, money raising, parliamentary law and suffrage history will be taught. There will not only be lectures, but regular classroom instruction will be given. Mrs. Tex E. Armstrong, president of the Dallas Equal Suffrage Association, said that about 100 women have already enrolled for the work. Many women from various parts of the county and other cities are expected to be here for the school. Mrs. Armstrong said that those desiring to register should telephone Mrs. John Davis. A big public meeting will be held in the auditorium of the City Hall on Thursday night for the purpose of adopting resolutions of protest against the vote of Judge Barry Miller, Representative from Dallas County, against the resolution submitting a woman suffrage amendment to the Texas Constitution. There will also be talks by the instructors in the suffrage school. Miss Annie Doughty of New York City, Mrs. Florence Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark., and Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N.Y., will be the three leaders of the school. Each has had considerable experience in campaigning and organization and is familiar with the practical as well as the theoretical phase of suffrage work. Miss Doughty is chairman of the Manhattan Borough branch of the Woman Suffrage party. She was leader of the Nineteenth Assembly District in New York in the recent suffrage campaign. As borough president, she has under her jurisdiction 838 district captains and thirty-one assembly district leaders, who consult her daily about the activities of the Woman Suffrage party. Miss Doughty was one of the first women in New York to go canvassing in the tenements and to interview recalcitrant politicians. She has taken a prominent part in literary and dramatic circles in New York. Mrs. Cotnam formerly lived in Texas and was married in Tyler. She was the first woman to address the Arkansas Legislature. In 1915 she made a speech to that body. Mrs. Wilson was educated in the Minnesota State Normal School and the Minnesota State University. She is president of the White Plains (N.Y.) Equal Franchise Club, and officer of the ninth campaign district of New York State and vice chairman of the literature committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Speakers for Equal Suffrage School to Be Held in Dallas Three Days MRS. HALSEY W. WILSON Of White Plains, N. Y. MISS ANNIE DOUGHTY Of New York City. [*Mch 3,'17*] THE DALLAS DAILY TIMES HERALD. Suffragists Should Conquer the State And Nation, Says Suffrage Leader MISS ANNIE DOUGHTY. "The National American Woman's Suffrage association has undertaken the conquest of the nation from both the national and the state standpoints," said Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson in addressing a mass meeting at the city hall Thursday night. "Many states," she explained, "have such drastic requirements in regard to constitutional amendments that it is almost impossible for an organized movement seeking general suffrage to expect to win the fight through the conversion of single states alone." MRS. FLORENCE COTNAM. Mrs. Wilson gave an outline of the progress that women have made in their fight for the ballot. Mrs. Florence Cotnam of Little Rock gave a short talk in which she stated that the intelligence of the mass of women in Dallas capable of taking part in the city government is going to waste under the present state constitution. Miss Annie Doughty of New York City contrasted the woman of the Colonial days with the modern days, and added that Dallas will not achieve the true mark of progressiveness until the women are allowed to vote. MRS. HALSEY W. WILSON. At the close of the meeting Mrs. Tex E. Armstrong, local suffrage leader, said that she was personally opposed to the action of Judge Barry Miller, representative from Dallas, who voted against the constitutional amendment for woman's suffrage in Texas. No formal resolution, however, opposing Mr. Miller was taken Owing to the bad weather only thirty-two persons were present at the meeting. The regular session of the school will be held Friday at the Chamber of Commerce. Parliamentary law will be discussed by Miss Doughty. [*Dallas News*] RCH 2, 1917 SUFFRAGE SCHOOL IS OPENED IN DALLAS THREE EXPERTS MAKE TALKS AT MASS MEETING. Local Women Do Not Present Resolutions of Protest Against Voting of Barry Miller in Legislature. State rights as a governmental policy is quite ideal in theory, but practically the system is neither workable nor advantageous, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, member of the staff of suffrage experts in Dallas conducting a suffrage school, said last night in an open session at the Municipal Building Auditorium. Many States have such drastic requirements with regard to constitutional amendments that it is almost impossible for an organized movement seeking general equal suffrage to expect to win the fight through the conversion of individual states alone, she said. For this reason, the National American Women's Suffrage Association has undertaken the conquest of the Nation from both the national and State standpoints. On the whole, it has been deemed a more practical means of obtaining the desired end by obtaining a Federal constitutional amendment, ratified by three-fourths of the States, than to attempt the individual conversion of each State. The speaker cited the situation in one State, where the requirements for a constitutional amendment are that, first, a three- fourths majority of the Legislature must be secured for the submission of the amendment to the people, who must approve the amendment by a three-fourths majority as a whole and by a two-thirds majority in each county. Mrs. Wilson said woman had passed four important milestones in her latter- day evolution, namely, the right to an education, the right to have laws conferring on women equal property rights with men, an equitable opportunity to enter the industrial fields and the right of a voice in making the laws by which they must abide. Mrs. Cotnam Speaks. Mrs. Florence Cotnam of Little Rock said Dallas was employing only one-half of its potential resources in the administration of its municipal affairs. Any city should place an equal share of the responsibility of its operation upon all the units of intelligence within its population, she said. This being the case, it is folly to let the intelligence of masses of women capable of taking a part in government and management of affairs go to waste, she added. Men deal very well with the commercial and industrial upbuilding of a city, but they have little time and concern for the other phases of community life, the conservation of human resources, for instance, a work in which women have always excelled, she said. She asked if it would be necessary for the war clouds to lower over the United States before the men of this Nation would take cognizance of women, as was the case with England and France and other warring European nations. Miss Annie Doughty of New York CIty traced the evolution of womankind from the early Colonial days, when women were willing to do as man directed, up to the present day, when much of that which is done is accomplished under the direction of women. The lassitude and supine attitude which existed among women for many years have given place to a new determination to have a recognized place under the sun, she said, pointing to the motto hung over the stage Wednesday night at the Citizens' Association mass meeting, which read, "Stand for Progressiveness in Dallas." Not until women have been enfranchised will Dallas achieve the true mark of progressiveness, she said. A the close of the meeting last night Mrs. Tex Armstrong, who presided, proposed a protest against the action taken by Judge Barry Miller, Representative from Dallas, in voting against the constitutional amendment for woman's suffrage in Texas. Every man has a right to be an anti-suffragist if he so chooses, she said, but no man has the right to vote against a resolution introduced into the Legislature seeking to lay before the body politic, either for adoption or rejection, a question of such vital importance as that of equal suffrage. No concerted action was taken in the form of a resolution or other written protest. Two Sessions Held. Two sessions of the suffrage school were held yesterday at the Chamber of Commerce and Manufacturers' Association by the experts. They were well attended. The study program yesterday included public speaking, argument, money raising organization for suffrage campaigns and other kindred subjects. Miss Doughty gave some instructions regarding organization yesterday morning, saying that it would be impossible for the movement to gather the necessary momentum until all forces had been properly unified and every woman given her work to perform. "Without the ballot women are helpless. Until they have the power to vote women should subordinate all other demands upon their time and concentrate their attention to securing that which is inherently theirs. When this has been obtained they can again resume their domestic affairs, which are now keeping large numbers of women from participating in the work," she said. Mrs. Wilson, in speaking on suffrage publicity, commended the public press as the most dependable ally the movement has. A larger audience can be reached through the public press than through any other agency, and it has effected untold good for the cause by making the necessity of the American people, she said. About thirty people were present at the open meeting last night. The regular school session will continue today, the first to be held at 10 o'clock this morning at the Chamber of Commerce and Manufacturers' Association Building Auditorium. An afternoon session will be held, [?] WOMEN'S VOTES REDUCE RATE OF BABIES' DEATHS [* Evening Journal Dallas M.3*] Suffrage Advocate Shows That Enfranchised Mothers Improve Health Conditions. "Countries granting woman suffrage have lower infant mortality rates than countries in which women can not vote," said Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson at the third morning session of the Dallas suffrage school. Mrs. Wilson instanced New Zealand, where the death rate among infants is only fifty-eight out of every thousand. Full suffrage is given women in New Zealand. "Germany, a country which employs extreme measures to preserve its youth so that it may serve in the army, has a mortality rate of 192 babies out of every thousand. Incidentally, women can not vote theme. In the United States 124 babies die out of every thousand. It is also noticeable that those States in which women are not given the ballot have a much higher infant mortality rate than suffrage States. These statistics prove that where women have a voice in the government, economic and sanitary conditions are such that the mortality rate is appreciably lowered." Mrs. Florence Cotnam, in giving instructions regarding publicity, urged that children be urged to take an interest in the movement. Also, she said, the newspapers of a city shoulrd be requested to issue special editions devoted to suffrage propaganda. The women should help sell the papers, so that the project would be beneficial to the paper and to the suffrage cause alike. Miss Annie Doughty declared that it would be necessary to win the support of the farmer's wife as well as the obtain the farmer's vote before suffrage would command universal support. She advocated canvassing and the liberal distribution of suffrage literature, as invaluable aids to the cause. She urged that the women use their brains in the work and that they tell other women what they had learned during the sessions of the school. The session this afternoon will close the zchool. All meetings have been well attended and much enthusiasm has been displayed. [*Dallas News Feb. 28*] SUFFRAGE SCHOOL WORKERS DUE. Many Women Have Enrolled for Course—Program for First Session Tomorrow Announced. The three women who will be in charge of the suffrage school to be held for three days in Dallas, opening tomorrow morning at 10 o'clock at the Chamber of Commerce and Manufacturers' Association, will arrive in the city from Houston tomorrow. About 100 women have enrolled with the Dallas Equal Suffrage Association for the course of instruction. The three instructors have had considerable experience in campaigning and organization work. Miss Annie Doughty of New York City will give instruction in money-raising and parliamentary law and organization; Mrs. Florence Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark., will have charge of the department of public speaking and press work, and Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N. Y., will conduct the classes in suffrage history and argument. The visiting women will be guests at the luncheon to be given by the Dallas School of Civics and Philanthropy in honor of Mrs. Florence Kelley, secretary of the National Consumers' League, Friday. A public meeting will be held in the City Hall Auditorium at 8:15 o'clock tomorrow night for the purpose of adopting resolutions of protest against the vote of Judge Barry Miller, Representative from Dallas County, against the resolution submitting a woman suffrage amendment to the Texas Constitution. Miss Doughty, Mrs. Cotnam and Mrs. Wilson will make short talks. All sessions of the suffrage school will be open to the public without charge. The program for the session tomorrow follows: 10 to 10:45 a. m., organization, Miss Doughty; 10:45 to 11.30 a. m., suffrage history, Mrs. Wilson; 11:30 to 12 o'clock, press work, Mrs. Cotnam; 2 to 3 p. m., public speaking, Mrs. Cotnam; 3 to 3:45 p. m., argument, Mrs. Wilson; 3:45 to 4 p. m., questions; 4 to 4:30 p. m., money raising, Miss Doughty. [*Mar. 6, '17*] [?]E ARKANSAS GAZETTE. [?] 200 WOMEN ATTEND SUFFRAGE SCHOOL Three Instructors Deliver Lectures— Governor to Speak at Mass Meeting Tonight. More than 200 women enrolled at the opening yesterday of the suffrage school at the Little Rock Public Library, under the auspices of the National Woman Suffrage Association, with the co-operation of the Arkansas Suffragist Association and the Little Rock Political Equality League. The school was organized by Miss Ann Doughty of New York. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N. J., discussed "Suffrage History," reviewing the growth of the movement and the work of its great leaders. She highly commended the work of Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock in the recent work in New York. "We had no more valued worker than Mrs. Cotnam," she said. "She has rendered great service in the training of workers and extending the cause by publicity work." Mrs. Cotnam Speaks Twice. Mrs. Cotnam made two addresses during the day. She discussed "Press Work" in the morning and "Public Speaking" at the afternoon meeting. Miss Doughty spoke in the afternoon on methods for raising money for suffrage work. The afternoon meeting was delayed an hour to permit school teachers to attend. One of the most important meetings during the three days will be a public mass meeting at 8 o'clock tonight at the Hotel Marion. It was planned to hold the mass meeting in one of the rooms at the Pulaski county courthouse, but the attendance yesterday, which exceed expectation, caused the promoters to seek a larger auditorium. The meeting will be open to the public and no admission will be charged. Parade Precedes Mass Meeting. The meeting will be preceded by an automobile parade, which will start from Capitol avenue and Main street at 7:15 o'clock. Misses Norma Hutton and Josephine Miller have charge of the arrangements. An invitation has been extended to all persons wishing to participate and they are asked to have their cars in line at 7:15 o'clock. The route of the parade will be along the principal business streets. The speakers on the program tonight will include Governor Brough, Senator George W. Garrett of Okolona, Representative John W. Riggs of Hot Springs, Miss Doughty, Mrs. Wilson, Charles T. Coleman and Mrs. Cotnam. The school will open at 10 o'clock this morning at the library. The three leaders will continue their discussion of the subjects presented at the sessions yesterday. [*Arkansas Dem. March 6-*] T LAUDS MRS. COTNAM FOR N. Y. SERVICES Lecturer at Suffrage School Tells Little Rock Women That Local Worker Was Best Vote Getter for Cause. Tribute to Mrs. Florence Cotnam of Little Rock—that she has won more votes for suffrage in New York than any other woman—was paid by Miss Anne Doughty of New York, speaking before 160 women at the suffrage school at the Little Rock Public Library, Seventh and Louisiana streets, Monday morning. The school, under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, will be conducted Tuesday and Wednesday, with a mass meeting at the Pulaski County courthouse Tuesday night. Mrs. Frank W. Gibb, president of the Little Rock chapter, presided, introducing Miss Doughty, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, manager and instructor, and Mrs. Cotnam. Purpose of Schools. In opening the school Mrs. Wilson spoke briefly, telling the purpose of the schools, which, under the direction of Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, national president, are being conducted throughout the country. "They are in the interest of a unified suffrage organization, and are designed to organize a huge suffrage army that will convince the nation that suffrage is no longer an isolated subject or propaganda, but is a very vital issue, which is a part of the life of the nation. Men and women are beginning to see it, and we shall organize so that this beginning shall have its ending in nation-wide voting by women and never ending voice for women in the affairs of our nation." Uurging precinct organization, Miss Doughty probably presaged a general movement that will mean, within a few months, a rock-ribbed suffrage organization here. "We have outgrown suffrage clubs," said Miss Doughty, "they are excellent in their places, but they no longer provide means for reaching the hundred of voters, wherein lies the basic foundation for all suffrage success." Growth of Movement. Miss Doughty outlined the progress of suffrage from its inception among clubs in New York, planned to hear lectures on it, to teach it where possible, and to learn all possible facts concerning it. "These clubs progressed. Then their leaders learned the futility of their efforts centered in these small clubs, and from prominent political party leaders they learned the scheme of party organization. "On these same general lines suffrage has progressed, and today we fully know the value of the precinct unit of organization. Therein lies that democracy which is essential to our success, that lets us reach the voters." Miss Doughty closed with a statement that later precinct clubs will be organized in Little Rock, each with its precinct chairman. Mrs. Cotnam Speaks. Mrs. Cotnam spoke several minutes, giving practical hints for creating suffrage sentiment, for obtaining valuable publicity through the newspapers, and for appealing to the people through posters, dodgers, etc. Mrs. Cotnam's talk was wholly educational. Mrs. Wilson was the last speaker of the morning session. Her subject was "Woman Suffrage History and Argument." She reviewed women of history and outlined their work and their places. "Higher education for women, better legal status of women, economic freedom and political emancipation," were phases which Mrs. Wilson said have marked the progress of women through history. With questions answered from her hearers, Mrs. Wilson outlined woman's progress to the present time, when suffrage is operating in many States of the Union. The afternoon session Monday was postponed until 3 o'clock, to allow teachers in the Little Rock schools to attend. An announcement from Prof. R. C. Hall, city superintendent, that all teachers were excused from the regular teachers' meeting to attend the school, if they desired, was read. MARCH 6, 1917. ositions and turning it first the rear axle as an axis and then the front axle as an axis. You ually measure the distance and t. A ruler placed on a piece of will do for this experiment. All ve to remember is that when the wheels roll over a stone the rear ts as an axis, and when the rear go over the front axle acts as s. ourse, even though the rear seat ot get up in the air, the discom- ay be minimized by soft springs g period of swing. The thing uncomfortable is the sudden d not the long jolt. The actual ement of the body may be very f it takes plenty of time to take dge in the pavement three inches lines show the normal position of e. r instance, if there were no gs under the rear seat, it would three inches very suddenly indeed n the rear wheels passed over the e-inch stone—and the force on the pant would be enormous. is a principle of physics that the GOVERNOR SIGNS SUFFRAGE MEASURE Continued from page 1 Johnson, raised a point that Mr. Waggoner was out of order on his point of order, since the chair was correct in his ruling. During the parliamentary tangle that followed, friends of the bill secured recognition of a motion to take recess, which prevailed, leaving Mr. Waggoner's request without disposal. The Vote. The vote on the bill follows: Ayes—Alexander, Allen, Andrews, Babb, Bell, Bland, Brinton, Buchanan, Cardwell, Chambliss, Clack, Collier, Craig, Creekmore, Curtis, Davis of Monroe, Doyle, Elliott, Emerson, Fry, Hardy, Harrison, Held, Henry, Hunnicutt, Johnson, Josephs, Kendrick, Leigh, Limbocker, Magee, McFerrin, McGill, Moore of Independence, Moore of Yell, Newton, Niven, Norfleet, Osborne, Owens, Phillips, Porter, Rankin, Riggs, Robbins, Ross, Scrimshire, Shaver, Shockley, Smith, Thane, Trawick, White, Williams, Wilson, Mr. Speaker. Total 56. Noes—Ash, Atkinson, Burrow, Choate, Coker, Copeland of Howard, Copeland of Izard, Davis of Columbia, Ellis of Hempstead, Ellis of Randolph, Gentry, Gunnell, Hardage, Harris, Humphrey, Mathis, McCulloch, McFarlin, McInturff, Millard, Mosley, Plemmons, Shinn, Stevens, Vinson, Waggoner, Wagnon, York. Total 28. Not Voting—Adams, Baxter, Brooks, Burnett, Carter, Davies, French, Holloway, Hudson, Jarrad, Koonce, Meador, Rogers, Rowland, Wade, Willis. Total, 16. GOVERNOR SIGNS SUFFRAGE MEASURE [*Gazette, Mar 7 [?17]*] Suffragists Celebrate Passage of Bill at Enthusiastic Mass Meeting. PARADE ON MAIN STREETS Arkansas the First Southern State to Give Women the Right to Vote Passage of the Riggs bill permitting women to vote in primaries in Arkansas was celebrated with great enthusiasm at a suffrage mass meeting at the Hotel Marion last night. The climax was reached when Governor Brough signed the bill at the end of his stirring address on woman suffrage. The big convention hall was filled to overflowing. The mass meeting was the principal event of the suffrage school under the auspices of the National AMerican Woman Suffrage Association. The school will close at the Little Rock Public Library today. Before the mass meeting an automobile parade and demonstration was held downtown. Led by a drum corps the long line of gaily decorated automobiles filled with suffrage workers, left Capitol avenue and Main street at 7:15. Author of Bill Talks. Mrs. O. F. Ellington, president of the Little Rock Political Equality League, opened the meeting and introduced Representative John A. Riggs of Garland county, who introduced the bill in the legislature. Mr. Riggs spoke briefly of his pleasure in the passage of the measure, and praised the suffrage workers for their support. Governor Brough in his address said that he deemed it a great honor to sign the measure and predicted that the constitution framed at the constitutional convention will contain a clause granting full suffrage to women. He promised his support of it and said: "Regardless of whether I ever hold the office of governor again--and I would rather be a good governor for two years than a mediocre one for four years--I am going before the people and urge the ratification of a new constitution granting full suffrage to women." Governor for Full Suffrage. The true measure of greatness in a state, he said, is not its wealth, but its progress in moral, social and educational development. The move toward full suffrage, he said, is a step forward in development of the state. Charles T. Coleman urged the women to appreciate the responsibilities of suffrage. "There has been an alarming decadence," he said, "in the ideals of public officials, due in part to the electorate. People now think too much of what they can get out of the government instead of what should be put into it." "The world no longer asks if woman is entitled to the ballot," he said, "but what she will do with it after obtaining the privilege." Nation-Wide Suffrage. Doughty of New York, an or for the national association, congratulated Arkansas for being the first state in the South to grant suffrage. She urged organization to make good votes. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N. J., said the suffrage movement has assumed the proportions of an epoch in the country's history and predicted nation-wide suffrage within five years. The suffrage school here, she said, has been one of the most successful in the series given by the national association. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock made a patriotic address on the future of the movement, reviewed some of the steps in its growth and paid tribute to the pioneer workers. The women of the country, she said, are willing to do their part at all times in public affairs and would respond nobly should the country be hurled into war. The suffrage school will close this afternoon at the library. During the day Mrs. Cotnam, Miss Doughty and Mrs. Wilson will discuss organization of suffrage work, history of the movement and publicity methods. Bill Passed by House. The Riggs bill came up in the house yesterday morning as a house bill with Senate amendments and was passed at 11:45 o'clock after its opponents had fought it all through the parliamentary course. Mr. Waggoner raised a point of order that it was Senate day and that the bill, being a house bill, could not be considered. Speaker Cazort ruled it had been amended by the Senate and should take the same course as a Senate bill. The bill was ordered read and much confusion ensued for a half hour, causing a difference of opinion on what happened. Early in the proceedings Woman Suffrage Association. The school will close at the Little Rock Public Library today. Before the mass meeting an automobile parade and demonstration was held downtown. Led by a drum corps the long line of gaily decorated automobiles filled with elated suffrage workers, left Capitol avenue and Main street at 7:15. Author of Bill Talks. Mrs. O. F. Ellington, president of the Little Rock Political Equality League, opened the meeting and introduced Representative John A. Riggs of Garland county, who introduced the bill in the legislature. Mr. Riggs spoke briefly of his pleasure in the passage of the measure, and praised the suffrage workers for their support. Governor Brough in his address said that he deemed it a great honor to sign the measure and predicted that the constitution framed at the constitutional convention will contain a clause granting full suffrage to women. He promised his support of it and said: "Regardless of whether I ever hold the office of governor again—and I would rather be a good governor for two years than a mediocre one for four years—I am going before the people and urge the ratification of a new constitution granting full suffrage to women." Governor for Full Suffrage. The true measure of greatness in a state, he said, is not its wealth, but its progress in moral, social and educational development. The move toward full suffrage, he said, is a step forward in development of the state. Charles T. Coleman urged the women to appreciate the responsibilities of suffrage. "There has been an alarming decadence," he said, "in the ideals of public officials, due in part to the taint of modern commercialism, and largely to apathy on the part of the electorate. People now think too much of what they can get out of the government instead of what should be put into it." "The world no longer asks if woman is entitled to the ballot," he said, "but what she will do with it after obtaining the privilege." [Nation]-Wide Suffrage. Doughty of New York, an or for the national association, congratulated Arkansas for being the first state in the South to grant suffrage. She urged organization to make good voters. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N. J., said the suffrage movement has assumed the proportions of an epoch in the country's history and predicted nation-wide suffrage within five years. The suffrage school here, she said, has been one of the most successful in the series given by the national association. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock made a patriotic address on the future of the movement, reviewed some of the steps in its growth and paid tribute to the pioneer workers. The women of the country, she said, are willing to do their part at all times in public affairs and would respond nobly should the country be hurled into war. The suffrage school will close this afternoon at the library. During the day Mrs. Cotnam, Miss Doughty and Mrs. Wilson will discuss organization of suffrage work, history of the movement and publicity methods. Bill Passed by House. The Riggs bill came up in the house yesterday morning as a house bill with Senate amendments and was passed at 11:45 o'clock after its opponents had fought it all through the parliamentary course. Mr. Waggoner raised a point of order that it was Senate day and that the bill, being a house bill, could not be considered. Speaker Cazort ruled it had been amended by the Senate and should take the same course as a Senate bill. The bill was ordered read and much confusion ensued for a half hour, causing a difference of opinion on what happened. Early in the proceedings Mr. Waggoner moved the bill be indefinitely postponed. The motion was seconded by Mr. Hardage, but the record showed that Mr. Brinton had first moved that the previous question had been called for and the call sustained, and the Waggoner motion could not be put until disposal was made of the call. Mr. Waggoner appealed from the chair. Speaker Cazort ruled it was not sustained and ordered the clerk to proceed with the roll call, while a storm of cries of "roll call" and "steam roller" swept through the chamber, repeating for a few moments the tempestuous scenes enacted Friday afternoon, when the Senate amendments were considered. The roll call proceeded and the ballot was announced, 54 to 27, for the passage of the bill. Mr. Waggoner then asked that the record show he had made a motion to indefinitely postpone, which had been seconded, and that he had appealed from the chair, which was sustained, and that he had made other motions, none of which was recognized. Mr. Allen moved that the request be not granted and Mr. Josephs, supported by Mr. (Continued on Page 2, 3rd Column.) [*Gazette Mar 5, 17*] SUFFRAGE SCHOOL HERE THIS WEEK Leaders in Work Will Give Instruction to the Women of Arkansas. "Women are today united as perhaps they never will be again; all creeds, all classes, all opinions stand together," said Miss Anne Doughty, chairman of the Manhattan borough branch of the Woman's party of New York, in an address at a mass meeting of the Equal Suffrage League of Richmond, Va., last month. Miss Doughty will be one of the instructors in the suffrage school to be held in Little Rock this week. Her subject will be "Organization and Parliamentary Drill." The other instructors will be Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, who will conduct classes in public speaking and publicity, and Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N. J., manager of the school, who will give instructions in history of woman suffrage and arguments and money raising. Speaks Convincingly. The State Columbia of South Carolina, speaking the suffrage school held in that state says: "Mrs. Cotnam of Arkansas is the idealized picture of a Western woman. She speaks with a ringing heartiness. Her subject, which seemed well suited to her, was "Practicability," and she answered, with convincing good humor, the many arguments daily brought against the cause of equal suffrage. Mrs. Cotnam gave a practical turn to her teaching on public speaking by calling for volunteer speeches at the afternoon session." The Richmond Journal says: "Mrs. Cotnam considers suffrage a live political issue to which are due attention and consideration. She laid much stress upon the influence of the combined vote in writing good legislation upon the statute books; fine child labor laws, protection to the home, the equal guardianship law, improved statutes regarding the disposition of property and better vice regulations." True Democracy. Speaking of Mrs. Wilson's address on "The Truth About Suffrage," the same journal says: "She looked upon equal suffrage as an onward movement towards true democracy. The results of this forward movement were divided under four heads: Education, marking the first milestone; better laws for women, the second; third, the emancipation of womanhood and her entrance into the professions, where she is eligible through her efficiency; and finally in the fight for potential freedom, where every argument is based upon high and clean ideals of womanhood, with which she enters the business world." The instructors have just closed a very successful school in Meridian, Miss., where there was an attendance of about 150. Much enthusiasm is being shown in the school which will open in Little Rock tomorrow and it is hoped there will be a large attendance at the initial meeting at the Hotel Marion. Those [?] requested [?] [*Mar. 5, 17*] HE ARKANSAS GAZETTE, 100 WOMEN ENROLL IN SUFFRAGE SCHOOL Will Continue Two Days -- Mass Meeting Tomorrow Night. More than 100 women are enrolled for the suffrage school of instruction which opens at 10 o'clock this morning at the Little Rock Public Library under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. A public mass meeting in the interest of suffrage will be held Tuesday evening at the courthouse. Three prominent leaders in suffrage work will be in charge of the school, Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, Miss Annie Doughty of New York and Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N. J. Mrs. Cotnam Speaks Today Mrs. Cotnam was the first woman to address the General Assembly of Arkansas on woman suffrage and has taken a prominent part in campaigns in other states. Miss Doughty is chairman of the Manhattan Borough branch of the Woman Suffrage party. Mrs. Wilson is vice chairman of the Literature Committee of the national association and one of the instructors for the organization. Organization of the school will start at 10 o'clock this morning under the direction of Miss Doughty. Talks will be made on "Suffrage History" by Mrs. Wilson and "Press Work" by Mrs. Cotnam. In the afternoon Mrs. Cotnam will talk on "Public Speaking," and Mrs. Wilson will discuss "Argument." A special class for the school teachers and business women will be conducted from 4 to 5 o'clock. Thirty teachers are enrolled for the class. The afternoon program will close with instruction by Miss Doughty on raising funds for suffrage work. Legislators to Speak. The meeting for Tuesday night was first scheduled for Wednesday night, but was changed to the earlier date. Talks will be made by Senator George W. Garrett of Okolona, Miss Ann Doughty, Representative John A. Riggs of Hot Springs, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, Charles T. Coleman of Little Rock and Mrs. T. T. Cotnam. The meeting will be open to the public and no admission will be charged. The local committee in charge of arrangements for the school includes Mrs. George Cunningham, Mrs. W. P. Hutton and Mrs. Burt L. Roberts. The hostesses for the school will be Miss Mary McCabe, Mrs. M. L. Stacey and Mrs. L. W. Sanderson. [*K. C. Journal, Mar. 5, 17*] Living. MON BORROW MEN'S METHODS ADVICE TO SUFFRAGISTS Instructors from the National American Woman's Suffrage association who are conducting a three-day suffrage school at 101 West Twelfth street. Above—Miss Anne Doughty, New York, teacher of organization and parliamentary law. Center— Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, Little Rock, Ark., teacher of publicity and public speaking. Below—Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, White Plains, N. Y., teacher of history of and arguments for woman suffrage. School for K. C. Members Opened for a Three- Day Session. Organization, Speaking and Arguments Being Taught to Pupils Here. "Borrow your methods form the men in going after the ballot," Miss Anne Doughty of New York, instructor in the suffrage school, told Kansas City suffragists this morning. Miss Doughty, a pioneer in Eastern suffrage work, spoke on methods of organization. She explained how the woman suffrage party, being organized through the United States, was planned on the same lines as the men's political organizations. Mrs. Flarence Cotnam of Little Rock gave a course this morning in press and publicity. This afternoon she began her instruction in public speaking. Tomorrow she will put members of the school through tryouts as speakers. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of West Plains, N. Y., gave a session on history and argument for suffrage. Mrs. Wilson is in charge of the school. She said the schools which are being conducted under the auspices of the national association are preliminary to a complete organization by precinct and county throughout the nation of the Woman Suffrage party. The school is held at 101 West Twelfth street. Sessions are held from 10 to 12 and from 2 to 4 o'clock each day. The school will be held tomorrow and Wednesday. 17. Get Into Bringing Up Father! IS MR. JIGGS IN? NO, SIR. I EXPECT HIM LATER. audience refusing to allow them to go home until Miss Lewis was bitten by a very audacious mosquito. "Supper for Two," the headline act, according to the type in the program, is an artistically animated gown set off by a lavish Oriental scene and assisted by masculine supernemeraries. The gown assumes various positions, is shown draped in stunning poses, and eventually goes out to supper with the man who bought it instead of the man who admired it. Inez Macauley, who has saved more unsophisticated young ladies from dreadful villains than any person in vaudeville during the last 10 years runs true to form this week and saves a country girl from a cad. Miss Macauley always has a different disguise every year, to make her social betterment work versatile. This year she's a cigar counter girl. And every sentence is primed, timed and uttered with the certainty of applause at the period. For instance, Miss Macauley says: "You shall not wreck this poor girl's ARD HELD FOR TRIAL ON MURDER CHARGE; OUT ON $10,000 BAIL Defendant Bound Over, on Agreement, After Clash About Testimony. HEARD SISTER-IN-LAW Man Accused of Murder of Wife Listened Intently to Description. IOLA, Kas., March 12.—Following a clash of lawyers over the admission of testimony taken at the coroner's inquest into the death of his wife two years ago, Roy Ard was bound over for trial in the district court on a charge of murder by agreement of defendant's counsel without further proceedings. Bond was fixed at $10,000, which Ard readily gave and was released. On Ard's bond are his father, his uncle, Newton Ard, and his employer, [?W]. D. Cox. Ard was bound over at the request of one of his attorneys, J. I. Sheppard. "My client has had the finger of suspicion pointed at him for more than two years," Sheppard said. "He has been talked about, shunned by many of his former friends, pointed to as 'that Ard that killed his wife,' and he wants to get it over. He wants to go before a jury of 12 men and tell them his side of the case so that he may be declared innocent of the murder of his wife, for all time to come." Though she declared her brother-in-law showed no emotion over the killing of his wife, the state failed today to draw any testimony from Miss Katie Latimer to support its charge that Ard himself slew his bride. Miss Latimer, 19 years old, was the first witness in the preliminary hearing. Fighting for even standing room in Justice Nelson's court was so vigorous that many of the older men and women were pushed from places and forced to retire. The court was jammed and it was hard to tell who were the [*Kansas City Times Mch 12, '17*] BUT NOT WITH BRICKBATS MRS. H. W. WILSON HERE TO CONDUCT A "SUFFRAGE SCHOOL." No Pankhurstian Violence Is Included in the Course of Instruction to Women--The School to Open Today. Being a suffragist, you've read, of course, "The Wife of Sir Isaac Harman," by H. G. Wells. And you remember that finally Lady Harman rebelled at the tyranny of an uncivilized husband and longed to do something naughty just to show her independence. So she took a train to London and, in a fine spirit of adventure, tossed a missile through a cathedral window. For which she was arrested and put into jail for thirty days, much to her delight. But being a suffragist isn't so easy. Consider, for example, Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of New York, who is here to show a "suffrage school" just how hard it is. There is no brick throwing in her un-Pankhurstian curriculum. Women must not act, but study, she believes; they must not picket the White House, do other militant things, but must drill their minds in the history of civilization and political science. They must be philosophers and sociologists first, politicians afterward. HOW THEY TEACH SUFFRAGE. "The two other suffrage teachers and I have conducted these schools in about a dozen Southern cities," said Mrs. Wilson. "They are preliminary to a complete precinct organization on a national scale, such as political parties have. I have been doing laboratory work for suffrage for four years, and at Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt's instigation I reluctantly left my course under Prof. Franklin H. Giddings in the evolution of women and set out to train suffragists. "Women are apathetic; they're not used to doing practical things and taking a sensible view of the world. This is what we chiefly have to overcome. And it's wonderful, a vast subject. Once women learn how deep and fundamental it is, considered as a social and spiritual question, they will see how wonderful it is. You see, there have been four steps in the emancipation of woman--the education of women, the betterment of the legal status of woman, the broadening of the economic status and the present one of political freedom. In my course on history and suffrage I show these developments from the Nineteenth Century to the present. "People ask what women will do on certain issues if they got the ballot. It's none of their business. We rest our case, not on any issues, but on the justice of political equality." Mrs. Wilson is a woman with intellect. Social and political science are her hobbies, and she knows them in quite an unwomanly way. SUFFRAGE SCHOOL OPENS TODAY. The suffrage school will operate today, tomorrow and Wednesday at 101 West Twelfth Street, from 10 to 12 o'clock and from 2 to 4 each day. Besides Mrs. Wilson's rather philosophical course, there will be a course in publicity and public speaking by Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark., and a course in organization and parliamentary law by Miss Annie Doughty of New York. Tomorrow night there will be a public meeting at the Grand Avenue Temple, at which the four women will speak. They are leaders in the National American Suffrage Association. SUFFRAGE AS A "NEXT STEP." It Is a Move Toward Democracy, Women Speakers Said. Women suffrage as the next step in the "march toward democracy" was expounded, reviewed and anticipated by three speakers at the Grand Avenue Temple last night. This meeting was the culmination of the suffrage school conducted by Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of New York, Miss Annie Doughty of New York and Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark. [*K.C. Star Mch.13, '17*] "Great changes and consequent adjustments have occurred, particularly in the last century, in the economic and industrial world," Mrs. Wilson said. "Men have conformed to the new methods and institutions with great difficulty. Now suffrage is a phase of social growth and political development. It is the culmination of a long process toward freedom for women. "Less than a century ago, there was indignation at the demand for the higher education of women. People thought it was not the proper thing for a girl to go to college. Now there are few girls who would refuse, having the opportunity. More recently still, women have won the right to take part in the business world. The home has broadened out and women now consider as their own problems all those influences that affect home and society. It is righteous discontent that makes for posterity better conditions than the preceding generations enjoyed." Mrs. Cotnam told of the states that had recently adopted equal suffrage and urged pressure be brought on the present legislature in Missouri to adopt the proposal to submit at the next state election an amendment granting suffrage to women. Miss Doughty satirized the Nineteenth Century woman. "Men couldn't stand the helpless, frail creature that woman sought to be and so put her upon a pedestal. Those in the suffrage movement have come down off the pedestal and into the world of reality and of struggle. The old and new standards cannot exist together--the old must go." Mrs. Henry N. Ess made a brief talk, expressing hope that Missouri would join the suffrage ranks. A KANSAS FARMER MISSING. SUFFRAGISTS PROPOSE TO HELP U. S. IN WAR Leaders at Meeting Here Declare Women Tired of "Pedestal" Life. Suffrage leaders, fresh from victories in Arkansas, Ohio and all the west coast states, are flocking to Missouri, which is now isolated by a surrounding band of captured territory and bringing pressure to bear on the present legislature to enfranchise women before the session ends. Last night at the Grand Avenue Temple Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, White Plains, N. Y.; Mrs. Florence Cotney, Little Rock, Ark., and Miss Anna Doughty of New York city, all nationally prominent suffrage leaders, made pleas for votes to an audience of several hundred persons. The meeting was presided over by Ralph Swofford, president of the Men's Equal Suffrage League of this city. "It is no longer true that men alone fight for the protection of their country," Mrs. Cotney declared. "Over in Europe today the women are filling as important a place in the general scheme of national defense as the men. They are making the ammunition and keeping up the economic life of the nations. Their hands have made the shells in factories over which hostile aircraft hovered and dropped bombs. They have kept the 'home fires burning.' "The American women are not to be hidden away in case this country goes to war. They will refuse to hide. If danger threatens they will bear the brunt of the war with their husbands and if our cause wins at last they will be the silent and uncrowned victors." Mrs. Cotney pointed out to her audience the fact that where men and women have been thrown into extreme peril they had their heroines who have known how to die. "It is time to Americanize the American woman," declared mrs. Halsey W. Wilson. "We do not ask to take away any of the rights of men--only to help them in the nation as we do in the home. Mother is the life giver and the life conserver of the race. By what logic is she denied the right to vote when she is so vitally and unselfishly interested? "Every self-respecting woman in American is trying to give back to society what it has given her. That is just as true with the rich as the poor and there are 8,000,000 women now engaged in business who must be take into consideration. "We are proud of the men who have helped us get suffrage in other states. It is our heritage. Our women helped win the war of independence and the men have been holding our own independence in trust for us until now." Miss Doughty commented on the helplessness of the old-fashioned girl, comparing her with the self-reliant young woman of today. "The men did us a great favor when they finally put us on a pedestal to be admired, for we are tired of the exertion of doing nothing but grace the home and we have come down to be with them and bear half the load." she said. "Some will stick by the pedestal but soon they will get tired, too." [* K. C. Journal Mch. 13, '17*] BLARNEY WILL WIN, SUFFRAGISTS TEACH "Votes for Women" School Opens With Fifty in Class. "GIVE MAN HIS DUE" Instructors Warn Pupils Against Antagonizing Other Sex. Women who think that a good homemaker can have no concern with politics should have attended the opening session of the Suffrage school at the Hotel Muehlebach yesterday. "Nothing to do with politics?" sniffed Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N. Y., one of the instructors. "Why, every time you turn on the water in the kitchen sink you have something to do with politics. Every time you carry out the garbage to the pail in the back yard you have something to do with politics. Every time you light the gas in the oven you have something to do with politics." About fifty women, the pupils at the opening session of the school, applauded vigorously. Several of them had brought notebooks and they industriously scribbled down telling points. "Give Man His Due." "It may be true that woman's place is in the home," went on Mrs. Wilson, while the pencils and notebooks came into use again, "but the time has gone by when home is limited to just the four walls within which you live. Home is the entire community. No woman can maintain the right kind of a home if its surroundings are bad." This was evidently the suffrage "come-back" to the principal objection raised by the "antis" and it was received enthusiastically. A point emphasized to the pupils of the school, who are being taught to take part in an organized national movement to obtain suffrage by a painless but effective method, is to be certain to give mere man his due. It seems that intelligent suffragists don't antagonize men. They win them over with blarney. "The government should be compared to the home," went on Mrs. Wilson, pausing to give the notebook devotees an opportunity to get this advice down in black and white. "No home, which unfortunately has lost either the mother or the father is all that it should be. Both the masculine and the feminine viewpoints are necessary to get the best results. The government has too long been conducted by men alone. We are willing to concede that men have done a great work. But it would be much greater if the women were given a chance to express themselves. And the only way women can express themselves effectively in regard to the affairs of government is through the ballot." Schools Conducted Elsewhere. Sessions of the school will be held today and tomorrow, from 10 a. m. to noon and from 2 p. m. to 4 p. m. There will be a public meeting tonight at the Grand Avenue Temple. Mrs. Wilson teaches argument and history. The other instructors are Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark., who teaches public speaking and publicity, and Miss Annie Doughty of New York, who teaches organization and parliamentary law. The three women, who are sent out by the national suffrage organization, have been conducting similar classes in other cities. [???TH] DEATH SINCE MA[??] [*Globe Dem. Mch. [?5]*] SUFFRAGE MASS MEETING TONIGHT TO HEAR VIEWS OF THREE POLITICAL PARTIES Dr. Cleveland H. Shutt, Republican; William C. Connett, Democrat, and Socialist Editor to Speak. Representatives of the Republican, Democratic and Socialist parties will address the suffrage mass meeting tonight in Soldan High School, discussing the attitude of their respective parties toward suffrage. Dr. Cleveland H. Shutt will represent the Republicans, Bishop I. St. John Tucker of Chicago, editor of the Christian Socialist, will represent the Socialists, and William C. Connett, one of the Democratic candidates for mayor of St. Louis, has been invited to represent the Democrats. The meeting will be the only open session of the suffrage school, to be held in Central Library today, tomorrow and Saturday under the auspices of the Equal Suffrage League of St. Louis. The instructors will be the three field workers of the National American Women Suffrage Association--Miss Annie Doughty of New York, Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark., and Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N. Y. Mrs. W. C. Fordyce, president of the Equal Suffrage League, will preside at the mass meeting. About forty leading St. Louis women have enrolled for the classes. The first session will be at 10 o'clock this morning. Among them are: Miss Fannie Hurst, Mesdames Ernest Stix, W. C. Fordyce, Charles Passmore, Frank P. Hays, Frederick Taussig, J. P. Higgins, A. J. Goodwin, Hinman Clark, Hinman Clark, Jr., H. L. Wichmann, George W. Brown, E. M. Grossman, Miss Mary Lionberger, Miss Mary Semple Scott, Mesdames David O'Neil, L. C. Reilly, Oscar Leonard, Fitzhugh Simon and N. A. McMillan. Mrs. David O'Neil will entertain the three out-of-town suffrage workers at luncheon today at the Town Club. Officers, directors and former presidents of the Equal Suffrage League will be guests. 125 WOMEN ATTEND SUFFRAGE SCHOOL [*Omaha News Neb15*] Practical Work in Campaign Is Urged by the Teachers. TO MEET AGAIN TONIGHT Facing the new suffrage flag, bearing fifteen stars and the motto, "Failure is impossible," which decorated the platform, 125 women attended the suffrage school this morning at the Y. W. C. A. auditorium. Man, who is always supposed to get the worst of it at suffrage meetings, according to opponents of the cause, came in for bouquets from the three speakers sent by the National Suffrage association to teach women of the country how to get the vote. Picketing the White by the Congressional union has made a very bad impression, said one of them. She added: "Our American men are the most logical of thinkers and they are going to give their women everything they want as soon as they are convinced women want it." "We must start practical work," said Mrs. Frank Shuler, one of the teachers. "We must have political organization in all parts of the country." Mrs. Shuler's subject was public speaking. Mrs. Halsey Wilson and Mrs. T. T. Cotnam are the other teachers. Another state is soon to gain suffrage, according to the speakers. The "suffrage drive" that has already brought in Ohio, Indiana, North Dakota and Arkansas during the past two months, was planned by Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, president of the National association. A special meeting will be held this evening for business women and others who could not attend the day sessions. Admission fee is 25 cents. The school is open to all. [*[News ?], Mch 6*] SUFFRAGISTS CHEER WHEN BILL IS PASSED Message to School at Public Library Causes Halt in Proceedings While Women Express Gratification. Suffragists studied little after 11 o'clock Tuesday morning at their school in the Little Rock Public Library. A couple hundred ardent enthusiasts were listening to a talk on "Publicity and How to Get It," when Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, the speaker, was interrupted by a telephone message that the House of Representatives had passed, finally, the Riggs bill providing for suffrage at primary elections. An ovation that lasted several minutes resulted, and when it subsided it was only a short time before suffrage leaders had secured Governor Brough's consent to sign the measure at 8 o'clock Tuesday night at the suffrage mass meeting at the Pulaski County courthouse. Preceding the mass meeting there will be a parade, in which the governor will participate. It is expected the mass meeting will be the largest suffrage gathering ever held here. The program includes speakers by several suffrage leaders and others. The suffrage school, which is being conducted under the auspices of the National Woman Suffrage Association, was devoted Tuesday morning to talks by Miss Anne Doughty of New York, who outlined methods of organizing precinct committees; by Mrs. Halsey Wilson of New York, who outlined the progress of suffrage, and by Mrs. Cotnam. The school opened Monday and will be continued through Wednesday. Suffrage School Will Close With Mass Meeting at Y. W. C. A. A suffrage mass meeting will be held Saturday evening at the Young Women's Christian association, as a wind-up for the suffrage school. Mrs. Frank J. Shuler, Mrs. T. T. Cotnam and Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, the instructors, will speak. At this afternoon's session of the suffrage school, talks will be given by the three workers on how to speak in public, and on campaigning for funds. The women who are enrolled in the school will be expected to speak extemporaneously, using the knowledge which they have gained in the opening lessons. Mrs. Cotnam outlined a speech on the benefits of suffrage, which had for its three points, the benefit of suffrage to the state, to the women themselves and to democracy. "Begin slowly, progress logically to your climax and when you reach your climax—stop," she said. "The women of Nebraska must be trained to speak effectively if they wish to be successful in their next campaign. The men of Nebraska will listen to what their women have to say in preference to the expressions of women from other states." Mrs. Wilson also explained the ammunition of the suffragists. "There is no such thing as an argument against suffrage. There are objections to it, but these objections resolve themselves into opinions that women are ignorant, stupid and incapable, or that the government is too dirty business for clean women to handle." [* Bee Mch 17*] Suffrage School To Have Its Last Session Tonight Neither a bad toothache nor doctor's orders to quit prevented Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, one of the instructors in the suffrage school, from giving her lecture on public speaking and publicity methods at the morning session. Although pressed by local suffragists to take to her bed, Mrs. Cotnam insisted on carrying out her part of the program. Mrs. Cotnam has been with the school since its inception in November, ttouring half the country, and she is worn out. Regular school ma'am tactics are employed by Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, instructor in woman suffrage history and argument. When none of the pupils could answer the question, "When did Sweden give the first installment of suffrage for women," Mrs. Wilson refused to tell the answer. "You'll have to look it up yourself in the textbook. May be you'll remember it better than if I tell you," she said. A mass meeting at the Young Women's Christian association tonight, at which all three instructors will talk, closes the suffrage school, which moves to Lincoln tomorrow morning for a three-day session there. und out. Before that, they are [*Daily News*] SUFFRAGE SCHOOL CLOSES TONIGHT [*March 17*] Welcome Arch to Herald Mass Meeting at Y. W. C. A. Auditorium. TELL OF WINNING WILSON A mass meeting tonight at the Y. W. C. A. auditorium, which will be free to all, will bring to an end the suffrage school which has been in session three days. The welcome arch tonight will capitulate to the suffrage cause and blaze forth "suffrage school," according to promises of the mayor, a recent convert to the cause. Mrs. H. W. Wilson, New York, former teacher, and who has much experience in practical politics, told her audience Friday afternoon that the little blue book, filled with suffrage propaganda, and which is sold for 35 cents, is responsible for President Wilson's conversion to suffrage. A friend lent the president a copy, and he was so much interested he asked if he could possess one of his own. Then he lent his own copy, and when it was not returned, he obtained another. Buy the Blue Book. Those present Friday afternoon flocked to the front to purchase a copy of the book. A dozen Omaha women responded to the call for speeches, which were criticized by Mrs. T. T. Cotnam, another teacher sent with the school. Mrs. Frank J. Shuler, who is secretary of the national association, and who was asked by both republican and democratic parties of New York to take charge of the woman part of their campaigns last fall, told how easy it was to raise money, and demonstrated several ways in which it may be done. The suffragists urge good cooking as bait for landing the vote. "Have sales of good things marked 'from suffrage kitchens'," Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark., publicity instructor for the suffrage school, told the women. Placing suffrage literature in doctors' offices, rest rooms and at marriage license bureaus, selling popcorn at baseball games and participation in parades were advanced by Mrs. Cotnam. The nvited istrict Black- merly ion of s also y will TO TEACH SUFFRAGE HERE. Propagandists Will Open School Today in Hotel Muehlebach. Look out, mere man! Lovely woman is going to a school that will be conducted in Kansas City this week to learn how to take the ballot away from you, willy nilly. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of West Plains, N. Y.; Miss Annie Doughty of New York city and Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock Ark., arrived yesterday to open the suffrage educational institution, which will be located on West Twelth street, in the Hotel Muehlebach building. Sessions will be held today, tomorrow and Wednesday, the hours being from 10 a. m. to noon and from 2 p. m. to 4 p. m. Similar instruction is being given in cities in all parts of the country and it is the object to teach women methods of such efficiency in their campaign for the ballot that men simply can't resist. Or, to use the words of Mrs. Wilson, the results from the schools are expected to be "crowning achievement in a long period of evolution for women." The steps in this "period of evolution" are enumerated as four. Three of them already have been accomplished, according to Mrs. Wilson, and they are: Higher education for women. Better laws for women. Economic freedom for women. The fourth is to be the achievement of the vote. Mrs. Wilson teaches argument and history; Mrs. Cotnam, public speaking and publicity, and Miss Doughty, organization and parliamentary law. A public meeting is to be held at the Grand Avenue Temple on Tuesday evening. Suffrage "School" Begins in Omaha Thursday Morning Suffragists are sharpening pecils and hauling out notebooks with great to-do today, for "school begins" Thursday morning at 10 o'clock - that is, the suffrage school - and will be in session the rest of the week. The "teachers," Mrs. Frank Shuler, Mrs. T. T. Cotnam and Mrs. H. W. Wilson, will arrive early tomorrow morning, the first from New York and the latter from Kansas City, to conduct the lessons. These are aimed to increase efficiency in the dissemination of suffrage sentiment. Already 200 women have enrolled in the suffrage school. Mrs. Leonard Everett heads a large delegation of Council Bluffs women who will attend. Invitations are already being showered on the three suffrage leaders, in advance of their coming. The Omaha Woman's club has invited Mrs. Shuler to the Second district meeting and luncheon at the Blackstone, since Mrs. Shuler formerly headed the New York Federation of Women's Clubs. Mrs. Everett is also planning to entertain them. They will be at the New Sanford. [* Bee, Omaha March 11,17*] THE OMA In Charge of Omaha Suffrage School MRS. T. T. COTNAM MRS. FRANK J. SHULER MRS. H. W. WILSON MRS. CHARLES H. MARPLE -RODSTROM PHOTO- Program for Suffrage School. Mrs. Charles H. Marple is enrolling students for the suffrage school, instructors in which are Mrs. Frank J. Shuler of Buffalo, corresponding secretary of the national association; Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, a former Minnesota woman, an educator and a writer, who was for three years principal of a Minneapolis high school and for seven years editor of the Book Review Digest, and Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark., a prominent club woman and a dramatic reader of power. Classes will be held the last three [?] at the Young Women's Christian association auditorium from 10 to 12 in the morning and 2 to 4 p. m. The class schedule is as follows: Press and publicity, by Mrs. Cotnam, from 10 to 10:30 each morning; suffrage history, by Mrs. Wilson, from 10:30 to 11:15 a. m., and organization work by Mrs. Shuler, 11:15 to 12 M. From 2 to 2:30 Mrs. Cotnam has charge of the public speaking; 2:30 to 3:15. argument, by Mrs. Wilson; from then to 4 p. m., money raising, by Mrs. Shuler. Evening classes, too, are planned for business women. It is understood that though the same topics are assigned for each period of the three days' school, no two day's program will be alike. Different aspects of each topic will be considered each day. Mrs. W. E. Barkley of Lincoln, the state president, will be here for the opening day. Mrs. Barkley has just returned from a speaking tour in the state and reports that women from Madison, Norfolk, Stanton and Fremont are coming for the sessions of the suffrage school. E SUNDAY WOR Much Interest in Suffrage School and National Association Teachers Much interest and anticipation center on the suffrage school which is to be held here this week as the contribution of the National American Woman Suffrage association to Nebraska as a campaign state. Of course most interested are the women who want to fit themselves in the most intelligent way available for campaign work. But a number of women who have heretofore taken no interest in the subject have enrolled, according to Mrs. Draper Smith, the local chairman, simply to learn about woman suffrage. The enrollment is now in the neighborhood of 150 and is expected to be so large that the assembly room of the Young Women's Christian Association building, which was engaged, will not be adequate and classes will be held in the association auditorium instead. A good deal of the interest in the school is in the three women who will teach the classes. Mrs. Frank J. Shuler of Buffalo, who will have the class in organization Thursday, Friday and Saturday from 11:15 a. m. to 12 m., and the class in money raising from 3:15 to 4 p. m. each day, is corresponding secretary of the National association and won local fame as an organizer during the last suffrage campaign in New York. She is parliamentarian of the National Daughters of the American Revolution and has been president of the New York Federation of Women's clubs. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of White Plains, N. Y., manager of the school, and who will teach suffrage history from 10:30 to 11:15 a. m., and argument from 2.30 to 3:15 p. m. daily, is vice chairman of the literature committee of the National association. She was for seven years editor of the Book Review Digest and before that was principal of a Minneapolis high school. Mrs. Florence Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark., who teaches press and publicity from 10 to 10:30 a. m., and public speaking from 2 to 2:30 p. m. daily, is a Virginian, and has the distinction of being the first woman who ever addressed the Arkansas legislature on woman suffrage. She was first secretary of the Arkansas Federation ——— Three Suffrage Leaders Coming Here MRS. FRANK J. SHULER MRS. FLORENCE COTMAN MRS. H. W. WILSON CH 11, 1917. E ined by the Wholesalers The Market Place of the Market Town Invited to uring Plant Place FROM OTHER Hosts Plan Elaborate tainment for Mercha Spring Market Wee Monday, Commercial Tuesday, "Doings;" We day, Thursday Live The merchants' spring mark opens Monday, and retailers least ten states will gather replenish their spring stocks, have a good time for at lea days. Omaha wholesalers and ma urers are lavish hosts, and th tainments planned for visitin chants this spring are probabl elaborate than any heretofore Monday evening there will be formal reception at the Com club rooms—not one of the stif affairs where one hears: "Mr. Week Are Cordially Invited to ct Goods in the West ou in the rapid and intelligent have you make this house your & CO. OMAHA y News, Sunday, March 11, 1917—Page 3B. THREE EXPERIENCED SUFFRAGE TEACHERS WILL THIS WEEK PREPARE OMAHA WOMEN FOR THE CAMPAIGN TO BE WAGED IN 1918 MRS. H. W. WILSON MRS. FRANK J. SHULER MRS. T. T. COTNAM MESDAMES Frank J. Shuler, T. T. Cotnam and Halsey F. Wilson, instructors for the Suffrage School to be held in Omaha March 15, 16 and 17 at the Y. W. C. A., are all experienced club women and educators as well as enthusiastic suffragists. Mrs. Shuler, who comes from Buffalo, N. Y., is corresponding secretary of the National Suffrage association, and a past president of the New York State Federation of Woman's Clubs. She is an honorary member of the Teachers' League of Buffalo and an officer in the New York State Society of the D. A. R. She will teach organization and money raising in the school. Representatives from Blair, Madison, Norfolk, Stanton and Fremont will be present at the school. So far the list of women who will attend is as follows. Mesdames— Mesdames— Draper Smith. Warren Thompson. W. E. Shafer. F. A. Follansbee. Henry Wagner. F. J. Birss. C. W. Russell. F. H. Cole. Harry Fleharty. H. C. Sumney [*10*] Mary D. Williams. C. L. Shamp. J. M. Metcalf. James Richardson. Charles Johannes. Henry McDonald. David Crowell. J. J. McMullen. Stella B. Wilson. E. P. Ellis. Edward L. Burke. Victor Coffman. E. E. Crane. A. L. Nicholson. Richard C. Hunter Florence Miller. Charles H. Marple. J. W. Woodrough. A. L. Fitch. E. C. McGilton. C. S. Stebbins. John O. Yeiser. T. E. Brady. Walter Beebe. Myrtle Kelley. M. J. Coakley. William F. Baxter. C. H. Weise. O. T. Eastman. J. C. Barnard. E. A. Pegau. Edgar Scott. Kate Remington. John Robbins. L. M. Lord. Dr. Ada Ralston. John N. Baldwin. A. N. Pinto. Charles Tracy. George W. Jewett. Edward Homan. Lulu L. Lundberg. Helen S. Foote. W. C. Bentz. Bessie Turpin. J. C. Holt. Callan. W. W. Widoo. W. E. Bingham. D. J. Cullen. F. H. Myers. Mary Cormack. C. S. Greener. A. Swoboda. Silverman. E. M. Fairfield. E. A. Singer. N. H. Evans. Jens Nielson. N. J. McKitrick. B. Callison. W. Hartnett. Ann McCormick. Samuel Rees. Harry Pierce. H. Rogers. Leonard Everett. D. R. Miller. Council Bluffs. Guy Purdy. Frank Judson. Ronald Patterson. Ida Darlow. J. T. Stewart 2d. Frank H. Turner. J. B. Justman. J. L. Paxton W. G. Armstrong. W. J. Broatch. J. L. Houston. George Covell. C. W. Hayes. Robert Leavens. P. C. Hyson. W. A. Pixley. R. A. Findley. F. H. Myers. S. F. Porter. Harry Wolf. M. M. Levings. Frank Ellick. A. Malcolm. A. S. Williams. R. L. Metcalfe. Charles Ogden. J. W. Metcalfe. E. G. Sweet. Thor Jorgensen. Edward Wise. William Berry. A. W. Jefferis. E. W. Gunther. Philip Sher. J. H. Dumont. J. T. White. [*53*] Arthur D. Smith. [*54*] E. C. Twamley [?] R. W. Connell. G. M. Nattinger. T. H. Fonda. A. S. Borglum. A. N. Walsh. Rose Ohans. Misses— Misses— Gladys Shamp. Jane Mullen. Helen Sorenson. Amma. Eunice Stebbins. Bernice Aldrich. Emma Sprecher. Minerva Seenan. Margaret Cullen. Mona Cowell. Callie McConnell. Ella Fleishman. Daisy Doane. Dorothy Ringwalt. Minnie Jensen. Sue Redfield. Grace Thomas. Jorgenson. Mary Wyman. Ione Duffy. Elizabeth Wilson. Katherine McCormick. Euphemia Johnson. [*15*] [*14*] 1917. ed The M[?] ited to g Plant ace The Omaha Daily News, Sunday, Marc PAULINE PAULI- GAYETY CAREWE CARVEL IN "PEG O' MY HEART" BOYD DEIS - VIVIAN AND GENEVIEVE TOBIN WITH "THE AGE OF REASON" ORPHEUM. Foster and Frank Harcourt are the principal comedians in the opening and closing skits, "At Lobster Beach" and "The Suffragette Jail." Foster will be remembered as the much knocked about German comic with "The Social Maids," last season, while Harcourt was with Bob Manchester's "Crackerjacks." Orpheum Theater—Stage magicians the world over use equipment manufactured by a London firm, and the head of that firm, LeRoy, comes to the Orpheum this week. He, with Talma and Bosco, present illusions. EMPRESS The Big Double Show. Admission 20c and 10c. es Wed. "The Age of Reason," a one-a edy by Cecil Dorrian, will b sented by the well-known j actresses, Vivian and Gen Tobin. Originally the play w duced in New York by the W ton Square players. One of the feature acts is a novelty called "The Voluntee fered by Billy Cripps, Al Rauh, Daley and Fred Lyon. The singers were especially selec Valand Gamble, known as t ning calculator, will dem feats in mental arithmetic and with columns of figures. Dolores Vallecita is to pres animal act. In a steel arena at a piano and plays, surrou a group of performing Indian A battle of wit between a and a rube will be shown sketch presented by James S the ingenue, Helen Duval. Feats in the air will be p by the Flying Henrys. The making of copra on a the Philippine islands will in motion pictures, also pi children of Japan. Krug Theater—"The Lo dise" is the offering this the Kathryn Dale company. The play is a portrayal o fight between capital and l It shows the owners of tories and foundries, the gling man toiling to keep soul together, while employ wealth, figuring only how t their great income. The story opens with M ton, the iron man of fame a and his daughter, Margaret ably seated in an exquisit his mansion near Boston wealth, taste and refinemen Over the tops of the through their leafless bra seen the roofs and huge c the iron works, and it is man of iron watches the unceasingly turn through t night, pouring money in t his mansion. Boyd Theater—"Peg O' which comes for the mencing today's matinee, youth, simplicity and lo filled with gusts of laugh The action takes place and has to do with the of the little Irish girl wh raised by her father, an list living in New York her to her aristocratic re educated and refined. That a play can be fre lems of morality and di social vice, and still hav longest runs of our loca already been proven b patronage accorded to J. Tonig And Mon., Tues. JUSTICE THE GOAL, WOMEN DECLARE Final Plea Offered by Speakers at the Suffrage School. [*Bee Mar 18*] NO FAVORS ARE ASKED. "We want justice," was the final plea offered by the women of the suffrage school before the mass meeting of Omaha men and women assembled at the Young Women's Christian association last evening. The speaker was Mrs. Frank Shuler of Buffalo, N. Y., corresponding secretary of the national suffrage organization. She stated that in her judgment the agencies which have brought about the great trend toward her cause are the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Women's Christian Temperance Union and the Women's clubs. State Must Act. Mrs. T. T. Cotnam of Little Rock, Ark., said: "We want no favors; we merely ask that the state recognize our equal worth. To the city of Omaha woman's suffrage would mean the assistance of women in such things as sanitation and child welfare. If you could say in the advertisements that you send broadcast over the country that Omaha is the best place in the country to bring up children, you would have a great influx of population. Why not use the woman's ability in your city?" Mrs. H. W. Wilson of New York said that women are not trying to take men's jobs away from them, but that there is work that women are peculiarly fitted for. At the close of the mass meeting, which was the culmination of the three days' session of the suffrage school a telegram was sent to the senate asking them to follow the example of other states in passing favorably the suffrage amendment. started in a saloon WOMEN COMBINE WORK AND PLAY AT SUFFRAGE SCHOOL [*Daily News Mch 16 - *] Work and play are being interwoven at the suffrage school. This afternoon a suffrage tea was given by the Equal Franchise society in honor of Mesdames Frank Shuler, T. T. Cotnam and Halsey Wilson, the three instructors. Saturday the visitors will be entertained at luncheon at the Fontenelle by local officers of the school and the board of the Equal Franchise society. ation Resoun --Secre country o wood suring a paper. the pres duction ndustry ethods, rtments ns. stry al Work. eople. tes back offices. general h. Here efficien- really is rrhea or try. 6. ,10 to 12. Columbia Note the Notes [*Daily News Mar. 18*] 3-DAY SUFFRAGE SCHOOL ENDS Will Ask Legislature to Pass Presidential Suffrage Bill. HOLD LINCOLN SESSION At the mass meeting Saturday evening at the Y. W. C. A. rooms, the climax of the three-day suffrage school, a resolution was adopted and will be sent to the state legislature asking that the presidential suffrage bill, now pending, be passed. Mesdames Halsey T. Wilson, T. T. Cotnam and Frank J. Shuler, who were sent by the National Suffrage association to conduct the school, leave today for Lincoln to hold another school. That suffragists believe in the single standard of morals, was declared by Mrs. Wilson Saturday afternoon. Mrs. Wilson told the women how to answer statements that suffrage is synonymous with feminism, divorce, free love and birth control. A local study club in suffrage will be established, with Mesdames Draper Smith, James Richardson, H. C. Sumney, T. E. Brady and Charles Marple in charge. 6-YEAR-OLD GOES TO SUFFRAGE SCHOOL James Duffy. Master James Duffy, son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Duffy, 2217 Cass street, was the youngest suffragist in the whole suffrage school, which closed Saturday night at the Y. W. C. A. He was also the only man. James is 6 years old. He is in the kindergarten at Central school. STRUCK ON HEAD ING WORLD HERALD: THURSDAY, MARCH 15, 1917 "PINK TEA SUFFRAGE METHOD DAY IS PAST" Suffrage School Opens at Y. W. C. A. With Three Classes in Session. Instructor Says Congressional Union Hurt Cause - "American Men Best in World." "The day of the pink tea where w[?] meet and tell each other how nice [?] will be to vote is past," declared Mrs. Frank J. Shuler of Buffalo in her class on "Organization" at the suffrage school which opened this morning at the Young Women's Christian association under the auspices of the National American Woman Su[?]frage association. She said wome[?] must get out and do practical polit[?]cal work. The school opened for its three-da[?] course with about 150 women presen[?] and 202 on the enrollment book. A special session will be held this evening at 8 o'clock for business women and others who cannot get today classes. All three instructors will speak, covering more briefly the subjects taught in the day sessions. Mrs. Shuler, who is corresponding secretary of the national association, spent much of the winter in Washington, D. C., where she said the actions of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage had seriously hurt the fortunes of the federal amendment in congress. "Picketing the White house and dropping the flag had a very bad effect on the members of congress," she declared. "While our committee of the national association was bringing pressure to put - through the amendment, the union was holding back. "The American women don't have to do those things. They might be necessary for the hard, thick crust of a Britisher. But our American men are the best in the world and will give the American woman everything she wants as soon as they are convinced she really does want it." the Oliver, Orchestra. of Arkans[?] THE DAILY NEBRASKAN WOMAN'S PAGE SUFFRAGE NO MORE A TABOOED TOPIC Mrs. Halsey Wilson, National Worker, Tells of Progress in Eastern Colleges "Four years ago suffrage was a tabooed topic of conversation in the eastern colleges," declared Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson yesterday afternoon at the suffrage headquarters in Fraternity building. Today they have formed clubs in every college, and it is the progressive girls who belong to them. They are really alive Mrs HALSEY W. WILSON to it, and they are the ones who are managing all of the college interests." "Woman suffrage is endorsed by the heads of the colleges today," said Mrs. Wilson. "At Smith, four years ago, one would be met with a whispered 'sh' whenever 'suffrage' was mentioned. It was very extraordinary to hear the subject. "With the coming of McCracken at Vassar, suffrage was given a start there. Before that time it was hushed up. Now, the head of the college encourages every movement. Before his coming, the authorities did not permit a suffrage speech on the campus. The people are becoming enlightened." Mrs. Wilson declared. "In New York state, there has been a revival in college suffrage leagues. They vote on the referendum in the fall, and these leagues are doing much to bring the suffrage cause 'to life.' The college women expect to enter into the work in the summer and do public speaking. "In colleges all over the law of service is creeping in to hold the minds of students who are in economic training. A college is a pretty fine place to fit oneself for real work." SCHEDULE OF SUFFRAGE SCHOOL 10-10:30, press and publicity, Mrs. Cotnam 10:30-11.15, suffrage history, Mrs. Wilson 11:15-12, organization, Mrs. Shuler. 2-2:30, public speaking, Mrs. Cotnam. [2:30-??], argument, Mrs. Wilson. 3:15-4:00, money raising, Mrs. Shuler NATIONAL SUFFRAGE WORKERS CONDUCTING SCHOOL OF SUFFRAGE IN LINCOLN THIS WEEK Mrs. Halsey Wilson, National Worker, Tells of Progress in Eastern Colleges "Four years ago suffrage was a tabooed topic of conversation in the eastern colleges," declared Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson yesterday afternoon at the suffrage headquarters in Fraternity building. Today they have formed clubs in every college, and it is the progressive girls who belong to them. They are really alive Mrs HALSEY W. WILSON to it, and they are the ones who are managing all of the college interests." "Woman suffrage is endorsed by the heads of the colleges today," said Mrs. Wilson. "At Smith, four years ago, one would be met with a whispered 'sh' whenever 'suffrage' was mentioned. It was very extraordinary to hear the subject. "With the coming of McCracken at Vassar, suffrage was given a start there. Before that time it was hushed up. Now, the head of the college encourages every movement. Before his coming, the authorities did not permit a suffrage speech on the campus. The people are becoming enlightened." Mrs. Wilson declared. "In New York state, there has been a revival in college suffrage leagues. They vote on the referendum in the fall, and these leagues are doing much to bring the suffrage cause 'to life.' The college women expect to enter into the work in the summer and do public speaking. "In colleges all over the law of service is creeping in to hold the minds of students who are in economic training. A college is a pretty fine place to fit oneself for real work." SCHEDULE OF SUFFRAGE SCHOOL 10-10:30, press and publicity, Mrs. Cotnam 10:30-11.15, suffrage history, Mrs. Wilson 11:15-12, organization, Mrs. Shuler. 2-2:30, public speaking, Mrs. Cotnam. [2:30-??], argument, Mrs. Wilson. 3:15-4:00, money raising, Mrs. Shuler NATIONAL SUFFRAGE WORKERS CONDUCTING SCHOOL OF SUFFRAGE IN LINCOLN THIS WEEK MRS. T. T. COTNAM Of Arkansas City, Ark. MRS. F. J. SCHULER Of Buffalo, N. Y. [*March 20 17*] PAGE ORNING, MARCH 20, 1917 SUFFRAGISTS GO TO SCHOOL NEBRASKA WOMEN STUDY ARGUMENT AND DEBATE. Many Out-of-Town Ladies are Enrolled Under the National Instructors. If the sound of women's voices in sustained argument, reached the passerby Monday night thru the closed doors of Lincoln homes, it must not be thought that the city was being deluged with private lectures. The class in public speaking at the suffrage school, who had their first lesson Monday afternoon, were instructed by their teacher, Mrs. T. T. Cotman, to prepare a speech on "Nebraska Should Enfranchise Its Women," to be delivered Tuesday and also to practice in the proper style for its delivery. With the one hundred and fifty women, enrolled concentrating their minds over night on speeches favorable to woman suffrage, it is expected that enough convincing logic will be uncorked at the meeting to cause a change of heart in half a dozen ordinary state legislatures. Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson's fine drill later in argument should also bear fruit. In advising the ladies to read aloud and also to talk aloud when practicing for public-speaking, Mrs. Cotman told of a man who had the habit of talking to himself on the street. When asked why he said he had two reasons: The first was he could talk like an entertaining man, and the second, he liked to hear an entertaining man talk. The ladies were told that their speeches must be brief, but should have an introduction, the subject must be well defined, and an appeal made thru persuasion as well as to reason. "Never hope to say everything you know in one speech," said Mrs. Cotman. "Give the impression that you could talk for two hours and a half but have the strength of character to stop in five minutes." She advised the women when speaking for suffrage to wear becoming clothes."There is no objection to a little powder on the nose," she said, "that is feminine." Methods of Raising Funds. Mrs. H. A. Austin of Broken Bow was called to the platform in the afternoon to tell of the methods used in raising the apportionment of Custer county. The $10,000 needed for the campaign has been apportioned among the Nebraska counties. Custer county has already raised its entire apportionment, enrolled all its women leaving a suffragist in every house visited, and paid the expenses of those doing the work. Mrs. Austin stated that a solicitor was appointed to go from house to house in each town of the county. In a few minutes talk with each lady, interest in suffrage was arouse[?d] In some places nothing had been know of woman suffrage. She was asked a one of these, "What church are you working for?" She met women who could not contribute 25 cents without asking their husbands. "Believe me, we are doing a little missionary work, also," she said. In her evening address on publicity, Mrs. Cotnam said: "Whatever you do, do it so well that it will attract attention. Show the spirit of co-operation in civic matters. Don't tell the town what great things you will do when you get the vote; do them now and show that you would make valuable citizens. Mrs. F. J. Shuler gave much practical advice about money-raising in the afternoon and continued a course of instruction on organization at the evening meeting. She considered getting money direct from people, if possible, a better method than thru entertainments and special stunts, tho the latter have value educationally and for publicity. Why Women Need the Ballot. In the continuation of suffrage argument in the evening Mrs. Halsey Wilson considered many of the reasons why women need the ballot to protect their interests. She said that if a housekeeper runs a house efficiently on a budget, she is conducting a business the same as any man. Since the matters of food, clothes, housing, water and garbage are subject to legislation, the housekeeper should be able to assist in their regulation by the ballot. The strongest argument brought out was the need of the ballot by women in order to safeguard their children. Some of the statements against woman suffrage will be answered today. Over one hundred and fifty women had enrolled by afternoon and more are expected today. Those from out of the city are as follows: Mrs. R. T. Riley, McCook; Mrs. M. L. by, McCook; Mrs. Jennie Barton, n; Miss Jessie Todd, Union; Mrs. Dick, Crawford; Mrs. Rockwell, tine; Mrs. Martin Brower, Miss [?]rower, Fullerton; Mrs. Dale Boyles, Alvo; Mrs. Charles M. Prouty, Alvo; Mrs. A. Ackerman, Ainsworth; Mrs. H. A. Austin, Broken Bow; Mrs. Patterson, Sioux City; Mrs. C. H. Dietrich, Hastings; Miss Laura Wood, Hastings; Mrs. P. T. McGeer, Falls City; Mrs. Dutton, Havelock; Mrs. Beins, Havelock; Mrs. Joseph Tigenbruch, Niobrara; Mrs. Diehl, Crawford; Mrs. Ernstine Lyons, Normal; Mrs. M. M. Claflin, University Place; Mrs. H. A. Cox, Wilcox; Mrs. S. J. Olson, Wilcox; Mrs. C. Moran, Havelock; Miss Eva Miller, Fremont. The school will be continued Tuesday. At 11 a. m. Mrs. H. W. Wilson and Mrs. T. T. Cotman will both speak at the state university convocation. Mrs. F. J. Shuler will conduct the classes in her absence. TO K[?] [?] [?] [?] SAYS SUFFRAGE COMING EASILY [*Grand Rapids News Mar 29*] "Suffrage is coming easily," said Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of New York at the suffrage school at the Association of Commerce Thursday morning. She had just finished reading from the newspaper the announcement that the English parliament was ready to give English women the vote in return for their services during the war. "So soon," she said, "that English women receive the vote, American men will bestir themselves and do as much for their women. For they would never allow the men of England to be more progressive than the men of the United States." Mrs. Frank Shuler made a special appeal Thursday morning for the conversion of the ruralite. "The farmer," she said, "does more independent thinking than any other man today. He is the backbone of the country. He has time to consider and forms real opinions. The city man is in too much of a whirl." CHAPEL AND ARMORY MIDDLE—NAVAL ACADEMY GYMNASIUM TOP—BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY Strenuous Day's Work for U. S. Cadet at the Great Training School at Annapolis, Md. BY "CHRISTY." Scene: Bancroft Hall, home of the midshipman. Time: 6:30 a. m. any morning to 10 p. m. any evening. "Uu-mm—must have at least ten minutes more for another snooze. Uumm-Aah! What the—damn that bell, anyhow!" A sound like the clang of a department store fire alarm [?] front and side doors. Each uniform then dashes to the portion of the terrace where the company to which it is attached is to be found, stops abruptly, and remains inactive, stiff as a post and solemn as a graveyard. Suddenly a single bugle note is heard, but it strikes fear and chagrin into the hearts of the "[?]," as it means a penalty of fiv[?] demerits. Every formation is [?]ended by this necessary but [?]ess terrifying bugbear. The companies stretch in two lines, each line the length of the long terrace. The uniforms at this formation are conspicuous for the great neatness (save in places) and for being absolutely spotless (save in spots). The regiment of midshipmen is divided into four battalions, each battalion into four companies. There are about seventy-five midshipmen in each company. The ranking cadet officer is known unofficially as the "five-striper." He wears five horizontal stripes. Each battalion is commanded by a "four-striper," who, it may be inferred, wears four horizontal stripes. A company commander wears three horizontal stripes, the junior lieutenant of the company, two, and an ensign, one. The service stripe is diagonally worn just below the elbows. The plebes, or fourth class, of course are stripeless, as they have not yet completed one year of service. The third class or "youngsters" carry one stripe, THE GREAT German Bell Once i BY W. B. SEABROOK. Belle Helene, August.—When the gas clouds roll or the gas bombs break among the French forest slopes behind Les Esparges, it is a deep-throated German voice—by a strange irony of fate—that warns our soldiers to put on their masks. The unwilling Teuton sentinel is a huge cathedral bell, cast three hundred years ago in Metz, when German bishops ruled that city, moved from Metz to the French town of St. Mihiel when Louis XIV conquered Lorraine, and carted up from shell-torn St. Mihiel a few months ago by the French poilus, to be hung from a beam between two mighty oaks, as a gas gong, in the depths of the woods, where the customary warning green rocket cannot be seen. After the war, it will probably surmount some monument commemorating the heroic defense of this region, or it may go back to its original cathedral tower, but it will never have a more effective setting than its present one among the leaves and tree trunks where its ancient bronze blends marvelously with the forest lights and shades. Thrice encircling the upper part of the bell is an inscription in Latin capitals celebrating the virtues of God and the Germans (they had the habit of considering God always on their side, even in those old days), and below on reverse sides are bas reliefs of the Virgin and Child and of Christ crucified. In smaller letters ap- [*News, G. R. Mar. 27, '17*] HEAR SUFFRAGE LEADERS SPEAK Grand Rapids Women Attend School at A. of C. WOMAN'S PLACE IN WORLD Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Shuler and Mrs. Gotnam Give Pointers in Organization Work "Never let anyone tell you that christianity has blocked the progress of women," said Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson of New York before her suffrage school in the Association of Commerce building Tuesday morning. "It is only the interpreters of religion who have blocked women's progress," she said. "The teachings of Christ have never been lived up to. If they had, we wouldn't have newsboys running about the streets today shouting extras about the war. Christ preached against war, yet we have war. Christ also preached every kind of liberty for woman. "God," said Mrs. Wilson, never intended that woman should be subjected. Men never got together at any particular time to either oppress or to subject woman. God does not want it, Christ did not want it, nor man does not want it. But some preachers, who insist upon misinterpreting christianity, declare that Christ meant women to keep silent in the churches, in the public forum and at the polls. Contentions of Preachers. "The preachers base their contentions upon Paul's preachings. Why, Paul didn't preach the doctrines of Christ! He spoke in an age when men prayed as follows: 'I thank Thee, Lord, that I am not a heathen, a slave or a woman.' Paul had to be conservative or he would have been thrust from the platform. If he hadn't conceded to the prejudices of his time he couldn't have preached at all. He had to make concessions. But he never preached the ideals of Christ about woman." In her discussion of woman suffrage history, Mrs. Wilson also mentioned the old argument regarding woman being the original sinner. "If women were the original sinners," said she, "I think they have gone a long way beyond expiating it. Who does the work in the churches? Who does the charitable work? Who does the civic work?" Mrs. Wilson appealed to the women to cultivate a sense of humor, and not to go about their suffrage conversions with long faces, but get together a good stock of humorous stories and get a convert with a laugh, if possible. Mrs. Gotnam Speaks. Mrs. T. T. Gotnam of Little Rock opened the morning session with a talk on press and publicity, describing several impressive suffrage demonstrations which had been held in various cities in the country, and the psychological effect upon the people. "Whenever the Masons get together, or the Odd Fellows, or any men's organization," said the speaker, "the town is always alive with their colors. When suffrage conclaves are held, the town should be ablaze with welcome signs, and suffrage banners should be flying everywhere. "Suffragists should always take part in all patriotic and civic demonstrations. This activity on their part tells the public that when women become citizens they will be good citizens." Mrs. Shuler Explains Work. Mrs. Frank J. Shuler of Buffalo took up organization, drawing a pyramid on the blackboard showing the various political divisions and subdivisions which suffrage organizations must copy during a campaign. She also emphasized the necessity of recruiting every kind of a woman in the community. "There will always be some women," said she, "whose specialty is pouring tea and handing out cakes. Nothing else appeals to them. Find a place for them at your meetings where refreshments are served." There were 100 women at the opening session of the school, including young girls with curls down their backs, and white haired matrons with grandchildren. 20, 1917. [*Grand Rapids News*] THE TEACH WOMEN HOW TO SPEAK Suffrage Leaders Tell Fine Points of Game TRAIN LIKE AN ATHLETE Try It On the Family First— Don't Boost Woman at Expense of Man The life of a suffrage speaker demands somewhat the same sort of discipline as the life of a Julia Marlowe or an Annette Kellermann. At least the women, who are attending the suffrage school at the Association of Commerce this week, thought so after Mrs. T. T. Gotnam of Arkansas got through telling them how to become a public speaker at the Tuesday afternoon session of the school. "You must train your voice so that it will carry and endure," said Mrs. Gotnam. "You must train your body for ease, grace and poise and you must train your mind to hold facts and to think quickly. "Take walks in the open air every day," she advised. "Drink lots of water. Practice reading aloud one hour a day in order to acquire a good delivery. Increase your vocabulary day by day. Don't pick out unusual words, but good, simple ones and have plenty of them. Try your new words out on the family until they become familiar and are really your own." The First Thing to Do. "The first thing that a woman preparing herself for a suffrage speaker must do, is to learn to concentrate. She must start by thinking about one certain thing every day until she learns to think clearly and well. The woman who hasn't been in the habit of thinking things out for herself, or of forming opinions, must learn to think by concentrating." Mrs. Gotnam also advised talking to oneself. "Try your speeches aloud," said she, "in your own home. Get used to the sound of your own voice. Place your voice in the front of your mouth and it will be pleasing and will not easily give out. Public speaking is only a conversational method enlarged. Never orate. Bombastic oratory has gone completely out of date. Just converse. "The woman," concluded the instructor, "who prepares herself for a suffrage speaker will gain development of body, of mind and of soul. She will get her physical development by keeping herself fit for her work; she will gain mind development through study and the soul development will come from espousing a just and good cause." Mrs. Wilson Speaks. Mrs. H. W. Wilson of New York, continued the subject of suffrage history and argument. "There are no arguments against equal suffrage," said she. "There are only objections against it. And all objections are based on one of two things: That the business of government is an unclean and ignoble thing to touch and that women are incapable, mentally and temperamentally, of participation in it. "All objections to suffrage are based either on a poor opinion of government or a poor opinion of women. We base our arguments on a good opinion of government and a good opinion of women. We believe that the business of making the laws which govern all living is a high and a fine thing and we believe that women are capable, and have proven themselves capable of rendering intelligent service in the making of those laws." Warning to Students. In conclusion Mrs. Wilson warned the students against boosting woman at the expense of man. "Any argument," said she, "which accentuates the superiority of woman over man is damaging to the cause. We do not believe women are superior. What we do believe is that men and women working together are superior to either working alone." Wednesday night the women will attend prepared to give sample speeches. They are to imagine they are speaking to bodies opposed to suffrage and will address the audience as: "Members of the Legislature," or "Friends and Brewers," etc. [*Kalamazoo Mch 26, 17*] 5 SUFFRAGISTS HOLD SCHOOL NEARLY 100 WOMEN OF COUNTY HEAR NATIONAL WORKERS DISCUSS NEEDS OF BODY. That organization, publicity, finance and a concerted program of work upon the part of the women throughout the country are the vital necessities to the success of the suffrage movement was forcibly brought out Monday when for the first time in the history of Kalamazoo three national workers conducted a suffrage school. Nearly a hundred women from all over Kalamazoo county gathered at suffrage headquarters to hear the splendid addresses and receive the valuable instruction which was given by these three national workers, Mrs. F. J. Shuler, corresponding secretary of the National association; Mrs. T. T. Cotton of Little Rock, Ark., and Mrs. H. W. Wilson, also a national worker. Two sessions of the school were held and between the morning and the afternoon session luncheon was served. Urges Complete Organization. Mrs. Shuler spoke particularly of organization and urged that a complete and thorough organization be effected, insisting upon the necessity for such organization if Michigan is to win enfranchisement. She maintained that the same lines of organization which have been followed by the great political parties must be maintained by suffragists and she emphasized the value of the house to house canvass, as a means of perfecting organization work. "Make your canvass through your churches, business woman's club, various other organizations, and use tact in the work of the canvass. Get into touch with the wives and children of politicians, use every possible method for winning every person to the cause," she said. Many of the lines which have already been taken up and followed to completion by the Michigan Equal Suffrage association and the Kalamazoo organization were heartily urged and commended by the speaker. Referring ot the picketing of the White House, she maintained that the congressional union through these activities had given to congressmen an excuse for putting of[f] legislation on the federal amendment. Don't Want Militant Methods. "We don't want militant methods. We don't need militant methods. In England they may have needed them but American men have never needed militant tactics, and they never will," she said. She predicted that unless war conditions developed seriously, the federal amendment will pass the present session of congress and be ready for a vote of the legislatures next year. Mrs. T. T. Cottnam spoke in an nethusiastic manner concerning publicity and the press, urging the importance of friendly relations with newspapers, the value of making news that newspapers could use, and the importance of seizing every opportunity for constructive publicity, through parades, window displays and the like. In this connection she insisted that whenever suffragists undertake a display of this sort, it should be their aim to do it the best that particular thing could be done, maintaining that this leaves a good impression. Mrs. H. W. Wilson's talk had to do with suffragists history and argument, and was at once scholarly and entirely practicable. As a result of Monday's session of the school, a large number of Kalamazoo women are planning to go to Grand Rapids to attend the sessions to be held there during the remainder of the week. ins win leaders to carry on work in their locality. children's party, at which the guests asked to make the greatest number words out of the slogans, "Votes for Women" or "Votes for Both," where a prize is offered the one making the greatest number of words out of the slogan was another suggestion. "Mothers will take an interest, fathers will approve, and at the same time kiddies and parents will take an interest in women's enfranchisement," Mrs. Cotnam told her pupils. Birmingham seems to have made a very favorable impression upon these teachers of the suffrage school. Frequently reference was made to the suffrage work there, and always in the most approving terms was the story told. Birmingham has a lunch room where tea, hot or cold, is sold for a penny, and girls employed in the vicinity bring their luncheons there and get the tea. Suffrage is the topic of conversation usually, and society women and women in industry learn much from each other through these meetings. The working class and the leisure class get their first vision, perhaps, of the democracy of women as it will be when they are enfranchised. They are citizens speaking each the other for the good of all, and the sisterhood of women is better understood for the meeting. The voiceless speech is an attraction which might prove popular. A written speech is turned in a machine, so that he who runs or looks in the window, may read. A pretty girl at the handle means a crowd at the window. A word to the wise is sufficient! If your small town does all these things, flaunts its suffrage colors on all occasions, pennants by numbers as great as your purse will allow, and the whole town "screams" suffrage, you will get workers and you will get financial support much easier than when you do the work half-heartedly. If Louisiana is to keep pace with other states, it is time our women were learning how to employ all means for spreading suffrage propaganda and how to procure good backing and large crowds when the occasion demands it. "Rocking chairs, bridge, indulgence, intemperances" were given as reasons why reforms have not come faster. "It took fifty-five years to procure a law granting equal guardianship of mothers and fathers of children in Massachusetts," Mrs. Wilson of White Plains, N. Y., told those enrolled in the Baton Rouge school, and the reasons enumerated were given for the delay. It was not until a woman murdered her six children and then killed herself because her children had been willed away from her by her husband that the state really took an interest in the need of an equal guardianship law which women had been trying to get for fifty-five years." Mrs. Wilson expressed the belief that expenses for elections would be less if women voted, and that better candidates and better legislation would result, and to uphold her theory of the latter phase of the matter she cited many good laws passed in those states where women do vote. That the privilege and exercise of the ballot develops woman, and the influence reflects upon the children, is said to be the testimony of one man who had observed the effect of women's enfranchisement. Mrs. Wilson confined her instruction to the history of the suffrage movement, and much interesting information was presented. The suffragists were reminded that in the United States, as in Great Britain, there were sporadic movements for women's rights, and even demands for votes for women, long before there was an organized movement for woman suffrage. Mistress Margaret Brent of Maryland, Heir of Lord Calvert, demanded place and voice in the Price, of [?] Mrs. Joseph N g. Misses Minnie News[?] son, Nan Bradley, Amy Leake, Betsy Singletary. Yellow jasmine and jonquils vines and tulle made lovely the table at the reception. A mass meeting was held Saturday night at which Mrs. H. B. Myers of New Orleans presided Among the men invited to have seats upon the platform and to back the suffrage movement by their presence were: Dr. Philip Jones, Col. T. Sambola Jones, Mr. Frank Jones, Mr. Joseph Gottlieb, Col. I. D. Wall, Mr. Clive Kernan, Mayor Alexander Grouchy, Mr. Charles P. Manship, Prof. W. 0. Scroggs (speaker), Prof. Scott, Dr. Tullis (dean, law), Dr. Bonham, Dr. Fleming, Mr. Fourrier, Mr. M. Hochendel, Rev. Gilmer Buskie, Mr. David W. Thomas. Mrs. Singletary, Mrs. H. K. Strickland, Miss Alma Sabourin, Miss Mary Herron Bird and the instructors were upon the platform at the mass meeting. [*March 27, 17 [?]nd Rapids*] EWS. 12 PAGES. LAST E WAR Named President St. Paul Federal Farm Loan Bank E. [?] [?]MME Mr. Quamme of Finley, N. D., who was appointed president of the St. Paul federal farm loan bank for the district comprising Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and North Dakota, is a man of extensive experience in farm finance problems, having spent 10 years at the head of a country bank in a North Dakota agricultural community, and having also spent four years as the manager of an extensive ranching industry near Markham, Texas, prior to his banking exp[?]ence. He is 38 years old, is a Minnes[?] by birth, and a graduate of the University of Minnesota. REPUBLIC OF RUSSIA WINS ANEW Grad Dukes and Princes Declare Fealty to the Coming Regime NICHOLAS LEADS THE WAY Michael, Boris, and Others Sign Notice--Big Developments Foreseen PETROGRAD, March 27.-- The Grand Dukes Nicholas, Michael, Alexander, Boris, Serge, George, and Dimitry and the Princes Gabriel, Igor, and Alexander today joined in a [?] EWS. THURSDAY HEALTH AND HAPPINESS BY JOHN B. HUBER, A. M., M. D. Most of life's ills are due to one's surroundings. HEAT EXHAUSTION AND SUNSTROKE It will be well to remember the coming summer the difference between heat exhaustion and sunstroke, because the treatment of either differs radically from that of the other. To ice the body of a heat exhaustion patient would almost certainly be his end; whilst on the other hand, to give a sunstroke victim a hot bath would equally mean a fatal issue. Heat exhaustion comes from continual exhausting exposure (often indoors) to high temperatures whilst at hard labor. A cool clammy skin, probably subnormal temperature (below 98 degrees) and a small and rapid pulse are characteristic; the end of a hot wave is like to bring many such cases as the clinical thermometer will register, with rapid and throbbing pulse Here the treatment calls for col[?] sponging or immersion in a bath tu[?] of cold water, ice frictions and the ic[?] cap to the head. Get the doctor a[?] once and if he wants to bloodlet don'[?] interfere; he knows his business. People who have recovered from either heat exhaustion or sunstroke are going to be, for months after, very weak; it may take years for their hearts to be right again. But with care recovery is assured. Questions and Answers. Hemiatrophy.-- I have noticed lately tha[?] one side of my face is not as full as th[?] other; three years ago I had an operatio[?] for enlarged glands, which have neve[?] trouble me since. What is to be done? Answer-- I am sorry to say not muc[?] can be done for the trouble. But i[?] will probably not become more[?] marked and there is no danger t[?] life. You probably notice it a grea[?] deal more than anyone else does. Heat Stroke-- Last August when I wa[?] threshing in a terrible heat and dust I suddenly became weak and dizzy. I could hardl[?] walk. And my heart beat as if some on[?] were hitting me with a hammer in th[?] ribs. I was told by a doctor that my hear[?] had been affected and that worried me. [?] kept growing weaker and weaker, mor[?] miserable and I almost feared I would die I was told that I had worried myself int[?] a form of nervous prostration. I still ge[?] weak and dizzy spells, pains in my ches[?] sometimes and then again only in the regio[?] of my heart. Do you think I will entirel[?] recover from this? Answer-- Yes; but the recovery wil[?] take time. I assume there is no valvular heart trouble; but only an examination can assure this. Read today's article. H A THING AS TOO URNING THE DEAD [?] INTYRE made Broadway gasp. But as a matter of fact, the temperamental Fritz has not had a play that suited her talents for some time. The man who owns Rector's cafe is Paul Salvin. George Rector is merely the salaried manager. Salvin has prepared to open one of those astonishing places right across the street from Rector's. It is to be called the Palais Royal, and the advance reports indicate it will be the gaudiest cabaret in town. It will be an all night place. Miss Scheff will appear as the star and have a musical revue, and her husband, George Anderson, wil[?] do the stage directing. I heard a wild squeak, and when I turned around it was Herb Roth, the artist, in his Tin Lizzie. After looking around and not seeing anyone I knew, I got in and asked him to take me down town and if he didn't mind to take me through the alleys. We had just started when Francis Gallup, another artist, blew his horn in a big roadster. I waved to him and told Roth that if he didn't mind I'd go with Gallup. He said he didn't mind and suggested another place I might go to if I liked. So I got out of Roth's car and put all my weight on the step and it almost turned over, and I was just getting into Gallup's car when who should come along but H. T. Webster. SOC Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Royle o[?] South Arlington street entertaine[?] the Cheerful Pedro club Saturda[?] evening at their home. The firs[?] prizes were won by Mrs. Hess an[?] Mr. Lewis and the consolations b[?] Mrs. Lewis and Mr. Royle. The Book Review club will mee[?] with Mrs. William McCracken, Academy street, tomorrow afternoon The I. F. F. club will meet Tuesday afternoon with Mrs. Danie[?] Hadaway at her home on Jame[?] street. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Boers entertained the members of the Gleaners class and their friends Thursday evening at their home on Balc[?] street. Games and music were th[?] diversions of the evening. Thos[?] present were the Misses Mildre[?] Vanderberg, Marie Hycoop, Jeanett[?] Westdyke, Anna Boers, Wilma Newhouse Effie Haveman, Ruby Shor[?] Meda Short, Mary Snyder, Lament[?] Hollinger, Clara Woodruff, Ma[?]bert McLaughlin, Helen Spurgeo[?] William Bestervelt, Charles Fitzge[?]ald, William Fitzgerald, Willia[?] Garske and Any Steketee. The hos[?]ess was assisted by her sister, Mr[?] Jennie Klomp. The subject of Mural Art, illustra[?]ed by sixty lantern slides coverin[?] the history of American painting i[?] this important phase of art, wa[?] presented before the Ladies Librar[?] association this afternoon by Mis[?] Emelia Goldsworthy. The field included a study of many of th[?] greatest American artists amon[?] whom are William Morris Hunt, wh[?] decorated the New York State ca[?]itol, John La Farge, who is the a[?]knowledged leader of mural decorators in this country. His work i[?] Trinity church, Boston, the Churc[?] of the Ascension in New York, [?] supreme court room in the Min[?]sota State house, in mural paintin[?] and above all his invention of "Opa[?]ine glass" and his method of makin[?] stained glass windows changed th[?] entire art of the glass stainer. Other great names include tho[?] of John Alexander, Edwin Abbe[?] Edwin Blashfield, Violet Oakle[?] Charles Turner and Henry O. Wa[?]er in their contributions in the Co[?]gressional library, Boston public [?]brary and the state capitols in M[?]nesota, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvan[?] The highest problem from the ar[?]tists point of view is that concern[?] in applying his art to the best typ[?] of architecture in public building and all phases of civic art. Mr. and Mrs. Victor Gerber a[?]nounce the engagement of the[?] daughter Rose, to Mr. Herm[?] Fisher, Sunday evening at dinner given by Mr. and Mr[?] Benjamin Shapiro at their residen[?] on South Park street. Mr. Fisher is brother of Mrs. Shapiro. Mr an[?] Mrs. H. A. Fisher of Muskegon we[?] out of town guests. Miss Edith McMurray was hoste[?] to a delightful evening party Sa[?]urday to compliment Miss Edit[?] Wilbur and Harold [?]bel, who we[?] to Detroit Sunday to reside. Miss Dorothy Taft entertained [?] group of young people at a theat[?] party at the Elite Friday night f[?]lowed by luncheon at her home [?] honor of Miss Edith, Harold a[?] Wilbur Ebel, who have gone to D[?]troit to live. Mrs. Adolph Hochstein and th[?] Misses Hochstein are moving fro[?] North west street to 425 South Par[?] street. Miss Edna M. White, juvenile pr[?]bation officer, and Miss Maude [?] White returned Sunday evenin[?] from an extended southern tri[?] They have been gone about fiv[?] weeks. Mr. and Mrs. W. G. McCreary [?] [?]choolcraft were guests Sunday [?] [?] [?] [?] Leroy Hackett, Cathe[?] Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party [*Mrs Park*] [*Set of 13 lessons for .20¢ Special rates on orders of over 50 sets.] SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Lesson I WHAT IS SUFFRAGE? WHY DO MEN VOTE? HOW DID THEY GET THE RIGHT? WHY SHOULD WOMEN VOTE? Women are making a great struggle for the right to vote. Every year they gain new ground and every year their efforts and determination grow stronger. It is a mistake to think of woman suffrage as a new movement. WHAT IS SUFFRAGE? Suffrage is only part of the continuous struggle of the masses of people upward from slavery to political freedom, which has been going on since the beginning of civilization. The road along which human beings have travelled to our present so-called democracy is a long one, and goes back to the very beginnings of government. Everywhere in Europe, governments began in the rule of one man. At first this man was only a tribal chieftain, a war leader; later he developed into a king. For centuries, the king had control of all the land and property, and had absolute power of life and death over his people. It was in England that the king's power was first effectively limited by the powerful nobles who thought he misused it. In 1215 the barons forced King John to sign Magna Charta, the first real limitation of kingly rule and the first great charter of human liberty. After this, the nobles shared the powers of government with the king, and he could no longer tax them without their consent, but only the rich and powerful had these rights. Since then the history of civilized countries is the ever growing demand of one class of people after another for a share in government. HOW MEN GOT THE BALLOT IN ENGLAND. Throughout the Middle Ages, in England, the nobles ruled, because they owned most of the land, and land was almost the only kind of wealth there was. About 1760 with the invention of machinery, work, which before that time had been done in the home, on a small scale, by hand, with the aid of tools, began to be done in factories, on a large scale, by machines, with the aid of human beings, just as work is done today. The manufacturers, growing powerful and wealthy, from money made in industry, demanded a share in the control of the government. After a long struggle with the land-owning nobles, who did not want to give up any of their power, the merchants and manufacturers secured the ballot in 1832. They then began to control the government of England in their own interests, just as the landlords had done before them. The lot of the small wage-earner and the farm laborer up to this time had been miserable, hours of work were endless, wages were pitifully small, and living conditions were intolerable. Seeing that the right to vote helped improve conditions for those who had it, factory workers and wage-earners began to try to get the ballot. The small business man also wanted it. One after another each group was enfranchised and with each advance in the Rights of Man living conditions grew better and life became easier and pleasanter for more people. All this was in England, but the men in the rest of Europe had much the same struggle. In many places they have not yet achieved as satisfactory results. It is seven hundred years since the famous Magna Charta was signed, and today most men, both in Europe and America, have the vote. Universal male suffrage in most European countries has only been gained within the last twenty-five years, and in some of these countries it has not yet been secured. The men of the United States would not want to live in a country where they would have no vote, and every year we find more and more women of the United States who do not like to live in their country without a vote. ONE GOOD REASON WHY WOMEN WANT THE BALLOT. While most men no longer believe that kings rule by "divine right," some of them still believe that men have a divine right to rule women! A great many women do not agree with this. Many women are tired of being governed and being taxed without having anything to say about it. The law in most of the States says that the property and the income of a woman shall be taxed the same as that of a man, and yet she has NO VOTE in determining either the amount of the tax or the purpose for which the money shall be used (with the exception of certain bond issues on which a few tax-paying women can vote). The law also provides that a woman's property is taken just the same as a man's, for public use, yet the woman has NO VOTE in deciding whether there is any necessity for taking it. In most of the States a woman has NO VOTE in deciding what the law shall be, by which her property rights or her personal rights are supposed to be protected. Nevertheless a woman must obey the law just the same as a man, although she has no voice in making it. WHY DOES A MAN VOTE? First, because in this way he protects his interests, and he knows what those interests are better than anyone else does; second, because he pays taxes and so helps support the government; third, because by voting for certain men to represent him in government, he thus gives his consent to what they may do. WHY SHOULD WOMEN VOTE? First, they have interests to protect the same as men have. Second, they pay taxes and help support the government the same as men do. Third, they must obey the law the same as men do. Yet women are forbidden any voice in the making of laws, just because they are women. Do you think that is right? Do you not see that to change it, women must win the vote? For several reasons, men have won their political freedom ahead of women, but the distance between them is not great, and it constantly grows less. When men and women stand equal before the law, and equal in opportunity, both sexes will push forward together toward the accomplishment of greater things than the past has ever known. A DEMOCRACY means a government by the people; not half the people, but all the people. Since all the people are too busy with their private affairs to carry on their Government themselves, they elect representatives to do this. Hence: A REPUBLIC is a government by the people where they elect representatives to carry on that government. SUFFRAGE is the right to vote for those who are to carry out the People's will in government. THE PEOPLE INCLUDES WOMEN AS WELL AS MEN. THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES SAYS SO. The next lesson will tell how men in the United States, and especially in New York, got the right to vote, then you will wonder even more that you are deprived of it. This is the first lesson of a Suffrage Correspondence Course of twelve lessons and a Supplementary lesson, prepared by the Educational Section of the New York State Woman Suffrage Party. The success of this course in New York State has been so great, that the lessons have been revised for use in other states. Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SAMPLE COPY Set of 13 lessons for .20¢ Special rates on orders of over 50 sets. SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Lesson II HOW MEN GOT THE BALLOT IN THE UNITED STATES NEW YORK STATE A LEADER IN THE FIGHT Most men in the United States take it for granted that they have always had the right to vote. This is not true. Less than a century ago they were in the same position that women are in now: THEY WERE ASKING FOR VOTES FOR MEN! THIS IS HOW IT CAME ABOUT. Our thirteen original colonies were settled by emigrants from Europe, who left their old homes and came to this new land in order to escape religious and political persecution, to better their condition, and enjoy greater freedom than they had known before. They came with all their Old World customs and ideas in their mental baggage. Each colony had a governor appointed by the King and each had its own legislature, composed of Senate and Assembly, just as our states have today. But it was not a thoroughly democratic plan. Only the members of the lower house, called assemblymen, were chosen by ballot, and very few men possessed the right to vote. Most of the colonists were poor, and therefore had no share in the government. Land was held in as high value here as it was in the Old World, and for the most part only land-owners had the suffrage. Laws were made in the British Parliament, where the colonists were not presented, which discriminated against them, and in favor of England. Therefore there were continual quarrels between the royal governors and the legislatures of the colonies, the colonies insisting that only their legislatures, and not the British Parliament, had the right to tax them. England would not let the colonies manufacture what they pleased, or send their goods where they wished, and she taxed them unjustly in the interests of business men in England. (All European nations treated their colonies in that way; England was not any worse than the others). For example, England would not let the colonists make beaver hats, although the beavers were caught right here. The law compelled them to send the pelts to England where they were manufactured, and if beaver hats were wanted in American they had to be brought from England. At last, unwilling to be imposed upon any longer, the colonists decided to unite and make some plan that should free them from further interference. So each colony sent its wisest men to confer at what was called a Continental Congress. This met in Philadelphia, and it was there, July 4th, 1776, that the famous Declaration of Independence proclaiming the independence of the thirteen colonies was signed. These colonies declared themselves the thirteen United States of American, and for seven years they fought for their freedom. The Revolutionary War established two great principles for the United States: 1. ALL GOVERNMENTS DERIVE THEIR JUST POWERS FROM THE CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED. 2. TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION IS TYRANNY. All the colonies but two came into the Union with new state constitutions. In almost every one, ONLY PROPERTY OWNERS WERE PERMITTED TO VOTE OR HOLD OFFICE. Before the Revolution, in most of the colonies a man had to belong to a certain church in order to vote. Quakers were only allowed to vote in Rhode Island; Catholics were excluded from the franchise in New York, Massachusetts, and even Maryland which they settled. In the majority of the colonies Baptists and Jews were excluded from voting. In 1776, in order to keep loyal to her the Jews and Catholics living in Canada, England, found it necessary to give them the vote. The new states therefore followed England's example, and in all thirteen new state constitutions, Catholics, Jews and Protestants were treated alike. WHAT HAPPENED IN NEW YORK. In NEW YORK, only those who owned land worth five hundred dollars could vote for Governor or State Senators, with a lesser qualification in order to vote for Assemblymen. (Money was worth more in those days than it is now, for there was not so much of it in the world). Under this plan, small business men, merchants and factory workers who did not own land were compelled to obey the laws made by the landowners. They did not like this any better than New York women today like to obey laws made only by men, which women have no share in making. So the men did then just what the women are doing now—THEY AGITATED AND CAMPAIGNED FOR THE VOTE. The landowners who sat in the New York legislature not only refused to grant their demand, but they used all their power to prevent it. They argued that men who did not own land were not fit to vote, and that they had no need of the ballot. In fact the landowners in 1820 said the same uncomplimentary things about unenfranchised men that men today say about women. But these unenfranchised men did not have to struggle so hard for the ballot as women have had to do. There were men in the New York legislature then who really believed that people, whether they owned property or not, could govern themselves better than other people could do it for them, so these men insisted on removing the land qualifications and on giving the vote to the laboring men. This was done in 1821 and 1826. Compare the struggle made by the laboring man in New York for the ballot in 1821 with the struggle made by the women of New York in 1915. When someone asked in the Constitutional Convention of 1821 "Where is the demand for the vote from men who have no land?" the reply was that "they had held a few meetings." In 1915 New York women held over 10,000 meetings during the six months before election; yet in 1821 laboring men got the vote, and in 1915 New York women were refused it. In 1863 the Emancipation Proclamation gave freedom to all the colored race living in the United States, and it was followed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the National Constitution giving the ballot to all negro men. Foreign-born men and their descendants were given the right to vote early in our history. At various times Indian tribes have been enfranchised. In 1915 two thousand Osage Indians were given the ballot as a New Year's present! Also in 1916 the President sent the Secretary of the Interior to Dakota to confer citizenship on the Sioux Indians. The Porto Ricans and Hawaiians have been given the franchise and it is promised to the Filipinos. Thus today every race of men, white, black, red, yellow and brown, and men of every religious creed, are all voters in the United States, and American women must ask the consent of Indians, Asiatics and foreign- born before they can vote! By the New York State Constitution every man, drunk or sober, even though he be a pauper supported by the state or a convict in a Reformatory, may vote. He is only debarred if he is an idiot or insane or imprisoned for a serious crime. In seven states a man may vote simply on declaring his intention of becoming a citizen and taking out his first papers. But every woman in America, (in all but the twelve states where they have won the suffrage) no matter how wise she is, how good, how public spirited, is still debarred from voting, even though women have been working in some states for the last sixty-eight years to get the vote. WOMEN ARE WAITING FOR MEN TO DEAL JUSTLY BY THEM. In 1915 New York women asked for the vote from the same classes of men who were enfranchised less than a century ago, but so little did these men remember the history of their own struggle for the suffrage, that, to their dishonor, they refused to extend political freedom to women. Yet women need the vote just as much as men do, as we shall see in another lesson. Until women have the vote we cannot truthfully call our country a Democracy. In a real Democracy every citizen helps to make the laws and elect the officials, because every citizen is affected by the results of elections and by the kind of laws that are made. Most men now feel that to be deprived of their vote would be a calamity second only to death. It is therefore unreasonable of men to withhold from women a privilege which they themselves value so highly. Because they have had the ballot, men have been able to get better laws for themselves. It is for this same reason that women want it. This fact must be made clear to every man in the United States. Will you help to do it? The next lesson will take up the discussion of the progress of women towards civil and political liberty. SAMPLE COPY. Set of 13 lessons for .20 cents Special rates on orders of over 50 sets. Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Lesson III THE PROGRESS OF WOMEN. SLAVES OF CUSTOM. The fear of change is universal. Men and women naturally cling to old ideas and customs. A horse shies at a piece of paper or something strange by the roadside. His master puts blinders on him. Men and women often wear blinders instead of using their brains and thinking about what is new and strange. The world moves. Man moves with it, and woman shares in the progress. Together they advance with civilization. IN INDIA, because little girls are often given to old men in marriage, there are twenty-six million widows. Widowhood is a disgrace and widows are forbidden to re-marry. It used to be the custom in parts of India for widows to throw themselves into the flames of the funeral pyres that consumed their husbands' bodies. Women are still considered unworthy of hearing the sacred words of their religion, and people are taught that "a cow is worth more than a thousand women." IN CHINA, to show that they did not need to work, and perhaps as a means of confining them more closely to the house, the feet of little girls of well-to-do parents were bound so that they could not grow, and throughout all their lives walking was a torture and almost impossible. Women were considered of so little value that mothers often strangled their girl babies. IN TURKEY, the women have been the slaves of their lords for centuries. They were obliged to go veiled in order that they might never be seen by any man's eyes but their husband's. A man could put away his wife at pleasure, simply by saying three times in succession: "You are divorced." TODAY the women of all these countries are awakening. The women of the Turkish harem are demanding freedom from the veil. Binding the feet of girl babies in China and widow-burning in India have been forbidden. Yet in all these countries many women as well as men are opposed to these changes. Often the parents of the child-widow, and even the child-widow herself, protest because she is not allowed to free herself from what they call "disgrace," by dying on her husband's funeral pyre. Custom dies hard, but growth, however slow, is inevitable. IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME, the law said that a woman stood to her husband in the relation of a child. Her husband was even punished for her crimes the same way that the husband today is responsible for his wife's debts. IN EARLY CHRISTIAN TIMES, the whole duty of women was supposed to be to do as she was told; to be meek and obedient, and to be subject to father or husband. She was never to lift her voice or to uncover her head in a public place, and she was always to dress as the Fathers of the church said she should dress. THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE MIDDLE AGES, and until recent years, the women of Europe, unless of superior birth or exceptional ability, were often treated far worse than even the farm animals. Because animals cost money, care was taken of them. Women were not much better off than slaves. If a woman was married she was owned by her husband and subject to his whims and cruelties. If she was not married and had no legal protector, she had no way of earning her living except to find an illegal protector. No other occupation was open to her, yet women's hands were never idle. When they were not cleaning, cooking, washing, or ironing, they were spinning, weaving, knitting or sewing. Their work was never done. Until the last century the vast masses of both men and women in Europe, had no political freedom, and but little personal freedom. But women were always worse off than men. Men, it is true, were under the iron rule of nobles and kings, but women suffered equally from the injustice of kings, and added to it was the usual tyranny of husband or father. As the world has grown more civilized for men, its treatment of women has constantly grown less harsh. About a century ago men of all classes had began to demand a share in the government and to believe that they had a right to help in controlling conditions under which they lived and worked. Women, too, began to awaken, and to believe that as human beings and as workers in the world, they were also entitled to individual liberty. Most people opposed this idea because it was new; therefore at first it grew slowly. In every country, however, there were a few brave women who sacrificed themselves for the greater freedom of women. They did not care how much they were laughed at or despised if they could only make men listen to them and change unjust laws. They found, to their sorrow, that little or no attention was paid to requests from women without votes, and so women in ever-increasing numbers awoke to the fact that Votes for Women must be won. THE VOTE. In Europe women have generally succeeded in getting Municipal Suffrage before Parliamentary Suffrage. That is, they often vote on local matters concerning their town or village but not on National affairs. England and her colonies and the Scandinavian countries have led in giving women a voice in government. IN ENGLAND AND WALES unmarried women and widows were given Municipal Suffrage in 1869; in Scotland and Ireland women vote with men in all municipal affairs, but the right to vote on national affairs is denied all the women of these countries. For nearly forty years they tried all peaceful means to win that right. In 1906 a group of determined suffragists, led by Mrs. Pankhurst, vowed that they would be patient no longer, but would openly rebel, using the same methods by which Parliament had been forced to give men the vote. Unlike the men, however, they declared that no opponent should suffer personal injury through their acts. These women became known as "militant suffragettes," and for a long time they made woman suffrage one of the most talked of things in the world. When the present war was declared in Europe they had not yet won the right to vote on national affairs; nevertheless, like the loyal English citizens they desire to become, they put aside for a time their own great cause to serve their country, doing the work of the men who have gone to war. NEW ZEALAND, a colony of Great Britain, was the first country to give full suffrage to women. This was in 1893. AUSTRALIA, also colonized by Great Britain, was made up of six separate states. It united in 1901 and gave full suffrage to women. THE ISLE OF MAN, also belonging to Great Britain, granted full suffrage in 1881 to women who owned property, and in 1892 to all women taxpayers. CANADA. Beginning in 1884 the Canadian provinces began to give municipal suffrage to widows and spinsters who own property. Since January, 1916, the four great provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia have given full provincial suffrage to all their women. Every part of the British Empire, therefore, has some form of woman suffrage. FINLAND, which has its own state government, but which is part of the Russian Empire, granted full suffrage to women in 1906. NORWAY, where taxpaying women had full suffrage since 1907, gave full suffrage to all women in 1913. SWEDEN, beginning in 1862 by giving the Municipal vote to certain taxpaying women, in 1909 gave the municipal vote to all women. ICELAND came next with full suffrage for women in 1913. DENMARK, with great rejoicing and a speech from the King, gave full suffrage to women in 1915. Custom is dying harder in other European nations. In most of the states of Germany and Austria women were forbidden by law from forming any kind of a political organization until 1908, so they had no opportunity to organize for suffrage until within the last few years. In Prussia women were not even permitted to attend public political meetings until 1906, and the law still requires that they sit apart from the men. But suffrage organizations are now at work in almost every country. Our own National Suffrage leader, Carrie Chapman Catt, is also President of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. This had its first meeting in Washington, D. C., in 1902. It has united the woman suffragists of the world in a determination to change the old way of thinking that woman was an inferior creature set apart to be ruled over by man, because it was never true. Twenty-six National Suffrage Associations have joined the International Alliance, and each time the Alliance meets, it reports great gains for woman suffrage throughout the world. THE GREAT THING IS TO MAKE PEOPLE REALLY THINK ABOUT IT! In Lessons I and II you have had a brief outline of the way men have won the vote. In this lesson you have learned of the condition of women in Europe and other countries, and of their progress towards freedom. From now on the lessons will tell you of women's condition in the United States, of how we have won the vote in many states, and how we shall surely win in every state. SAMPLE COPY. Set of 13 lessons for .20 cents Special rates on orders of over 50 sets. Cop right, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Lesson IV THE PROGRESS OF WOMEN IN THE UNITED STATES. America was settled by men and women who came to this land in search of Freedom, but it was Freedom for men only. Moving across the ocean did not give women any more rights or privileges than they had before. The early settlers brought with them the old English Common Law, which said a "Man and his wife were one and that one was the man." It was not that men meant to be harsh, but a woman and her children still belonged to her husband. He was supposed to keep her in order. This went so far that if a woman was guilty of a misdemeanor and her husband was present, he was punished for it. At least the law said he could be. As a matter of fact women in those days usually suffered for their own sins. AMERICA, THE LAND OF THE FREE, MADE WOMAN LONG TO SHARE MAN'S FREEDOM. After the Declaration of Independence, when men were making laws for the new United States, Abigail Smith Adams, the wife of John Adams, who became President after George Washington, wrote to her husband, "in the new code of laws it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you to remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of husbands. Remember all men would be tyrants if they could. . . . . We will not hold ourselves bound to obey any laws in which we have no voice or representation." EDUCATION WAS DENIED THEM. Public Schools were not open to girls for many years after they were open to boys. Girls could be taught as much reading and writing as was thought good for them at home. One town Selectman is on record as saying: "Never with my consent, shall public moneys be used to educate shes!" HIGH SCHOOLS were established for boys nearly 200 years before they were open to girls. In Boston, the first High School for girls was opened in 1828, and so many girls tried to attend it that it was closed, the city fathers declaring that they could never afford to educate so many girls. All through the early years of our country many women protested against the unfair and unjust way women were treated, but it was really the wrongs of slavery that set on fire the Woman's Rights Movement. Terrible tales were told about the treatment of the negroes, about husbands and wives being separated, and children being torn from their mothers and sold. Runaway slaves who fled to the North were sometimes hidden from the pursuers, in people's houses, in defiance of the law. Men and women both were aroused by these tales of suffering; but when women tried to protest against slavery, they were told they must keep silent—because they were women they must not even speak against a great wrong. In 1840 there was a great Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Delegates from the Anti-Slavery societies of all nations were invited. One of the women delegates sent by the United States was our own LUCRETIA MOTT, the Quakeress. ELIZABETH CADY STANTON also attended the convention with her husband, Henry B. Stanton, on their wedding journey. All the women delegates were refused the right to speak or vote at this Convention. They were obliged to sit behind a curtain if they wished to listen to what the men had to say. WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON, our greatest champion of freedom for the negro, had travelled nearly three thousand miles to speak at the Convention. He was so indignant at the treatment of the women that he arose and said: "After battling so many long years for the liberties of African slaves, I can take no part in a Convention that strikes down the most sacred rights of all women." Then and there the indignant women resolved that they would work for Freedom for Woman to do what she thought was right. Mr. and Mrs. Stanton went to live in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1847. Since the Anti-Slavery Convention Mrs. Stanton and a small group of young women, many of them married with homes and babies to care for, had been talking and planning how to begin to work for woman's freedom. They decided the first thing to do was to have a public meeting to discuss the matter. THE FIRST WOMAN'S RIGHTS CONVENTION. This was called in 1848 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott and a few other women, at Seneca Falls. At this Convention, the women read THEIR DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, or, as they more mildly called it, "A Woman's Declaration of Sentiments." In this document they set forth that under the laws then existing: A man could deprive his wife of her liberty, and beat her provided the stick was no larger around than his thumb. Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Examination Questions. No. I (To be sent with Lesson IV) Write your answers after the questions, sign the paper with your full name and address, and return to your State Suffrage Association unless otherwise directed. 1. What is suffrage? 2. Who are the People? 3. Have we a government by the People? 4. What is a Democracy? 5. What is a Republic? 6. Do you know any good or just arguments against woman suffrage? If so, please name them. All a married woman's property belonged to her husband. A married woman's wages did not belong to her, but to her husband. A married woman could not sign a business contract. A married woman could not make a will. If a woman was single she was taxed to support a government which did not recognize her except to take her property. A mother had no legal right to her children unless they were illegitimate. In case of divorce, even if she were innocent, her children were taken from her. All colleges were closed to women. Every profession was closed to women. They could not heal the sick, enter the ministry or practice law. All profitable employments were closed to women, and when they were employed it was for the scantiest wage. All avenues of wealth and distinction were closed to them. There was a different moral code for women and for men. But the greatest injustice of all was that a woman was compelled to submit to laws, and yet was forbidden any voice in the making of those laws, a right given to the most ignorant and degraded men, both native and foreign-born. THE FIRST WOMAN'S RIGHTS CONVENTION was a splendid meeting of both men and women, carried through with earnestness and with a fine, high purpose. It was an attempt to lessen the suffering, and the everlasting drudgery and monotony of women's lives. They passed nine resolutions demanding for women the rights and opportunities then denied them. Some of those present thought it was going a little too far to ask for the vote, but Mrs. Stanton even then realized what all suffragists today have learned: that the power to choose rulers and make laws is the right by which all other rights can be secured. She, therefore, persisted, and the suffrage resolution was passed. To those who attended, the convention had seemed timely, sensible and encouraging, but a few days later they were astonished to find it was being ridiculed. Newspapers and people everywhere began to poke fun at "WOMAN'S RIGHTS" and "WOMAN'S SPHERE." The ball of woman's progress which was set in motion at Seneca Falls has ever since been rolling faster and faster. In quick succession, similar "woman's rights" conventions were held in Ohio, Indiana, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and New York City. In 1854 a bill was introduced in the New York State Legislature to give the vote to the women of that state. It was supported by some of the most famous men and women of the time. When the first National Woman's Rights Convention was held in Massachusetts, in 1850, the call being headed by Lucy Stone, so fast had interest in the movement grown that nine states were represented at the meeting. Most of the great men of Boston, which was then the intellectual center of the country, helped to make it a success. ABRAHAM LINCOLN sympathized with the women. As early as 1826 he said: "I go for all sharing the privileges of government, who assist in bearing its burdens, consequently I go for admitting all whites to the right of suffrage who pay taxes or bear arms, by no means excluding females." WENDELL PHILLIPS and GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS made some of the greatest speeches for Woman Suffrage that have ever been given. HENRY WARD BEECHER became one of the presidents of the American Woman Suffrage Association. The great men of our country have generally aided the suffrage cause. The Convention at Seneca Falls was nearly 70 years ago, and yet even today there are men who mock at the sincere efforts of women to secure human equality, regardless of sex. However, people have been steadily growing wiser. They are beginning to understand better just why women need greater opportunities. They see that women are also of greater value to the world when they get them. Today ridicule has given place to argument. With the exception of the European war, there is no subject more discussed now than woman suffrage, which proves we are drawing near to the time when it will be accepted. Every woman living today owes an immense debt to these women of 1848 who started "the most momentous reform that had yet been launched in the world - the first organized protest against injustice to women." HOW CAN WE WOMEN OF TODAY PAY THIS DEBT? The next lesson will tell of Susan B. Anthony and the progress of the Suffrage Movement in the United States. SAMPLE COPY. Set of 13 lessons for .20 cents Special rates on orders of over 50 sets. Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Lesson V PROGRESS OF WOMEN IN THE UNITED STATES - (continued). Women today are so used to hearing women speak in public that they can have no idea of the courage that was necessary for the early suffrage leaders to call that first Woman's Rights Convention in 1848. In those days the Suffrage Movement was called the Woman's Rights Movement with good reason - Woman's Wrongs were many and they needed to be righted. The greatest stumbling blocks then to woman's greater freedom were the women themselves - just as they are today. The majority of women had grown so accustomed to bearing the burdens imposed upon them, and to thinking it was unwomanly to want anything different, that they joined the men in slandering and ridiculing the brave women who are now looked upon as having been among the most noble, refined, intelligent, womanly women of their time. LEADERS IN THE SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT like ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, LUCRETIA MOTT, LUCY STONE, JULIA WARD HOWE and many many others, had the happiest of homes. Their husbands worked hand in hand with them for woman's freedom, and their children and grandchildren are still working for the cause. It was LUCY STONE who sat on her cottage door-step with her baby in her arms, while the officer of the law sold her furniture, even the baby's cradle, to cover the amount of the taxes which she had refused to pay. She declared that as she had been denied the right to have any say in making the law that imposed the taxes, she refused to obey it. It was ELIZABETH BLACKWELL, Lucy Stone's sister-in-law, who wanted to study medicine, and who was refused admittance by every medical school because she was a woman, until finally the students at Geneva, N. Y., voted to take her in. Women thought it was so unwomanly to study medicine that they would draw their skirts away from contact with her as they passed her in the street. Women even in those days would often declare that they did not wish to have a right to their own property! The law allowing a married woman to hold property in her own name was finally passed because wealthy, hard-headed fathers wanted to be sure that if they left their property to their daughters, the husbands could not get hold of it without the consent of their wives. Women as well as men protested against opening colleges to women, saying that too much education would spoil a girl for being a good wife and mother. When girls were first employed as clerks to sell pins and ribbons, many of their acquaintances would not speak to them - it was considered so unwomanly. Even when Clara Barton left home to nurse the soldiers during the Civil War it was called "most shocking." It was therefore a tremendous task which the pioneer suffragists set out to accomplish. So much fun was made of them, so many lies were told about them that even today people who do not know suffragists think that they must be very queer, unwomanly women. SUSAN B. ANTHONY was one of the most abused, misunderstood women of her time. Before she died, however, in 1906, she was famous the world over as "the liberator of women" and was honored and respected everywhere. Born at Adams, Massachusetts, in 1820 of Quaker stock, she moved with her family to Battenville, New York State, in 1826. From there some years later they went to Rochester, in which city Miss Anthony made her home until her death. Her parents, who believed in freeing the slaves, encouraged her in all phases of her work for human freedom, including the battle for women's rights. She soon found that the right of women to work against evil was the first battle to be won. She saw that the one right which would most surely give all other rights was the right to vote. For years she traveled constantly over New York State and other states, braving the jeers and hootings of the mobs. Anti-slavery and women's rights were both unpopular, but no hardships, no insults, no ridicule ever stopped her in her great purpose to achieve the civic and political freedom of women. THE CIVIL WAR, which caused every other interest to be put aside, was a great blow to the cause of Women's Rights. Women gave up working for themselves during this time of danger, and put all their energy into working for their country. The women of the North had done as much as the men to rouse the country against the wrongs done to the negroes by keeping them in slavery. During the four long, terrible years of the war the work of women was as valuable as that of the men; their suffering and their heroism were just as great. They took care of their families at home, they carried on business and farm work. Without the work of the women, the slaves could not have been freed. Without women the war would not have been won. And what did the victorious Republican party do when the war was over? It not only set the slaves free: it made them citizens and gave them the vote! When Northern women protested that it was not right to enfranchise the black man and leave out the white woman, they were told, even by the men who believed in Woman's Rights, that "this was the negroes' hour and women must wait." Imagine the indignation of the suffrage leaders at this insult and injustice! They had helped with all their might to free the slaves and now the colored man was to be given the power to rule over them! They petitioned Congress with protests signed by hundreds of thousands of men and women. They asked that the amendment to the National constitution which was to give the vote to the colored man might include women. They wanted it to read: "The right of a citizen to vote shall not be denied because of race, color, sex or previous condition of servitude." They were refused, however, and millions of colored men were given the rights of citizenship which were denied to white women. Many lawyers said that women did have the right to vote under the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. This says "All persons born. . . . in the United States. . . . are citizens of the United States. No state shall abridge the privileges of citizens of the United States." Women in various parts of the country attempted to vote. Susan B. Anthony was one. She was allowed to register at her home in Rochester, but when she tried to vote she was arrested and fined $100 and the cost of her trial. "Your honor," said she, "I shall never pay one dollar of your unjust penalty" - and she never did. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Miss Anthony's most intimate friend for fifty years, wrote of her, saying: "She is the most upright, courageous, self- sacrificing, magnanimous human being I have ever known." During the Civil War women learned many lessons. Responsibility developed them. They learned to think more for themselves. After the war they saw millions of colored men enjoying full rights as citizens. They then began to ask in greater numbers than ever before, "Am I, too, not a citizen of this great republic, and entitled to all its rights and privileges? THE WORK OF SUFFRAGISTS in the beginning, was directed more to securing certain rights for women, than to obtaining the right to vote, but they soon began to see clearly that property and personal rights were not secure without political rights. Even after suffrage became their great issue, the suffragists were engaged constantly in writing, speaking and campaigning in attempts to change unjust laws. After an immense amount of hard work and at a great cost of time and energy, laws for women began to improve, and their wrongs began to be righted and while we are not yet rid of all the old unjust laws, note some of the changes: A Man may not deprive his wife of her liberty or beat her. In several states married women still have no property rights and cannot control their own wages; but in a majority of the states a woman, even if married, may control her property, may collect her own wages, may make a will and enter into a business contract. Seventeen states now have equal guardianship laws and in nine states the mother's rights are recognized, but not to the same extent as the fathers. Education is now compulsory for girls as well as for boys. Women now attend many of the colleges and universities and every year more of them are opening their doors to women students. A woman may now enter a profession. She may practice medicine, but hospital practice is usually closed to her. She may be a lawyer, but she may not become a judge. Almost every kind of employment is open to women, but even today she is usually obliged to take the less remunerative work, and in most cases she is obliged to accept less pay than a man for exactly the same kind of work. Only in certain states where she has the vote does the law or custom give equal pay for equal work to both men and women. How has it happened that so many changes have been made in laws affecting women and yet that the ballot has been denied them? It is because the laws that have been changed have been the statute laws of the state. It is comparatively easy, by bringing pressure of public opinion to bear on legislatures, to have changes made in the state laws, but a state legislature cannot give women the suffrage. Suffrage can come only through an amendment to the Constitution of the State. A State legislature can only approve the submission of such a suffrage amendment to the voters of the state. To get a Constitutional Suffrage Amendment in any state is an extremely difficult task. Yet the ballot is the one right that protects all other rights. IT THEREFORE REMAINS TRUE that the greatest injustice to woman still exists, because the State taxes her the same as a man and refuses her the right of representation that is given to him. She is obliged to obey the law the same as the man and is denied the right to help make the law. You will often hear it said that laws for women have been improved without giving women the vote. This may be true in many instances— but the great fact remains that to suffragists must be given the credit for first calling attention to unjust laws for women, and for having worked early and late, year in and year out, to change those laws. Can't you see how much easier it would be for women to get wrongs righted if the right to vote came first? The next lesson will tell how Votes for Women were won in some of the Western States. Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SAMPLE COPY. Set of 13 lessons for .20¢ Special rates on orders of over 50 sets. SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Lesson VI HOW THE VOTE WAS WON IN THE UNITED STATES. THE FEDERAL AMENDMENT—THE STATE AMENDMENT. An amendment to the constitution of the United States is a law made by Congress. It is added to the original constitution of the United States and becomes a law for every state in the Union after the legislatures of thirty- six out of the forty-eight states have agreed to accept it. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the constitution of the United States gave the vote to the colored man. (Read Constitution of the United States.) Even after Miss Anthony's arrest and trial for trying to vote, suffrage leaders for some years tried to prove that these amendments also gave the ballot to women. A law suit was finally brought by a prominent lawyer of St. Louis to establish the right of his wife to vote. It was taken to the Supreme Court and lost. This took away the last hope that women would get the ballot without another federal amendment. THE SUSAN B. ANTHONY AMENDMENT. Susan B. Anthony and other suffragists at once set to work to get Congress to pass a Sixteenth amendment which should remove the barrier of sex just as the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments had removed the barrier of color. This Sixteenth amendment was first introduced by Miss Anthony in Congress in 1876, and every year after, as long as she lived, she went to Washington and petitioned Congress to pass it. Since her death the petition has been presented by Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, Carrie Chapman Catt and others of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. The Susan B. Anthony Amendment reads:— "ARTICLE.—SEC. 1. THE RIGHT OF CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES TO VOTE SHALL NOT BE DENIED OR ABRIDGED BY THE UNITED STATES OR BY ANY STATE ON ACCOUNT OF SEX. "SEC. 2. CONGRESS SHALL HAVE POWER, BY APPROPRIATE LEGISLATION, TO ENFORCE THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARTICLE." The Republican Party, which had fought against negro slavery and which had been helped by the suffragists, tried to keep their support. They invited the suffrage leaders to their conventions and for years made them half promises which were never kept. It did not seem possible that the men of the party who had given the vote to the ignorant men of the colored race, and had promised to give it to women later, would refuse to keep their word. However, that is just what happened, so the opposition of colored men to woman suffrage was now added to the opposition of white men. Miss Anthony early laid down a principle which has been followed by suffragists ever since:— that so long as women are denied the vote they should not be for or against any political party. Since women must ask men of all political parties to vote for woman suffrage they must be friendly with men of all parties. Finding that there was little chance of getting suffrage for some time to come, by a national amendment, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others who had been speaking for years all over the country, educating people to see the justice of suffrage for women, turned their attention to getting the states, one by one, to grant women the vote. THE FIRST STATE IN HISTORY TO GRANT MEN AND WOMEN EQUAL POLITICAL RIGHTS. IN 1890 the first great gain was made. WYOMING had given suffrage to its women in 1869 while it was still a territory. It was in the frontier and decent men thought that women's votes might help keep law and order. By 1890 it had inhabitants enough to be admitted to the Union as a state. The new constitution which it adopted gave "equal political rights to male and female citizens." Congress objected to admitting Wyoming as a state with woman suffrage. Those opposed told of the awful things that would happen if a state allowed women to vote. The debate continued for many days. Wyoming women were ready to withdraw their claim rather than have their state kept out of the Union, but the men of Wyoming, who had tried woman suffrage for twenty-five years, telegraphed Congress: "We will remain out of the Union a hundred years rather than come in without woman suffrage." Congress was finally obliged to yield. COLORADO IN 1893 gave votes to her women by the enactment of a law. Not only did the women of the state work for suffrage, but the most prominent men of all parties helped it to win. It was not made an amendment to the state constitution then, but ten years later, after a thorough trial, it was so adopted and was passed by an overwhelming majority. THREE YEARS LATER, IN 1896, UTAH AND IDAHO became equal suffrage states. In Idaho all the political parties endorsed woman suffrage in their state conventions. UTAH had given suffrage to women when it was a territory in 1870. United States Congress had taken it away in 1887. IN 1896 Utah became a state and put woman suffrage in its state constitution by a majority vote of 14 to 1. It showed how public opinion had advanced when Congress admitted Utah as a State without any debate on the question. Thus in six years, from 1890 to 1896, four states gave suffrage to women. Then the movement seemed to stop and for fourteen years not another state was won. The opposition of liquor interests and certain political parties was aroused and the movement was fought successfully by them until 1910. IN WASHINGTON, while it was a territory, women had voted from 1883 to 1887. When Washington was about to become a state, those who did not want the good influence of women in politics were determined that woman suffrage should not be included in the new state constitution. It was twice pronounced unconstitutional: the first time in a test case brought by a convicted gambler, the second time in a test case brought by a bartender's wife. A new constitution was then made shutting out women from voting, and it was only IN 1910 that honest men of all parties secured a free election and a fair count, and that year every county in the state of Washington voted to give suffrage to women. IN 1911, the men of CALIFORNIA, which for the first time in years had elected an honest, sincere body of men to govern the state, voted in favor of woman suffrage. Fifteen years before, in 1896, the women had put up a splendid fight for the vote but had been defeated. With Washington on the north and California on the south, OREGON could not long resist following the example of her neighbors. Securing a sufficient number of signatures to make possible the submission of an amendment to the voters (the so-called Initiative and Referendum Law) she gave votes to her women in 1912. ARIZONA AND KANSAS did the same. Kansas had already given women the municipal vote in 1887. IN 1913 a group of women in ILLINOIS, backed by the thousands of suffragists, went to the state capitol determined to get the vote from their legislature. In that state the legislature (another name for law-makers) can give the right to vote for all offices not mentioned in the state constitution, but which are provided for otherwise by law. These women finally persuaded the legislature to give women the vote, and as a result the women of Illinois, including the great city of Chicago, can vote for all municipal officials, for some of the county and state officials and for President. They cannot vote for governor, for United States senators or congressmen or for state senators or representatives because that requires an amendment to their state constitution which they have not yet succeeded in getting. IN 1914, two more states, NEVADA and MONTANA were added to the suffrage list, so that now the entire western half of the United States has woman suffrage in actual practice. So Votes for Women is now no longer a theory, but a living reality whose results are known. ALASKA, too, this same year, gave the vote to all the women of that huge territory, by unanimous vote of its legislature. IN 1915, four big eastern states, New York, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, submitted the question of Votes for Women to their voters - (not to the people; because, remember, women too, are people.) While the year 1915 gave us no new suffrage states, several villages gave the municipal vote to women. There is one sure cure for anti-suffrage, and that is to try woman suffrage. In every state where there is woman suffrage it is giving satisfaction. It has always spread from one state to another bordering state. This proves how ready each state has been to follow the good example of its neighbor. After sixty-eight years of effort woman suffrage is now working successfully in twelve states and one territory, which means in over one-half of the land area of the United States. How soon shall we add the other states? Study carefully the Suffrage Map which we enclose. The next lesson will tell why women need the ballot, and why the ballot needs women. SAMPLE COPY. Set of 13 lessons for . 20 cents Special rates on orders of over 50 sets. Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Lesson VII WHY THE BALLOT NEEDS THE WOMEN. WHY WOMEN IN THE HOME NEED THE BALLOT. Women of the United States and Europe are certain to have the ballot before many more years have passed. The greater the effort to get it, the sooner it will come. In the West, where nearly 4,000,000 women already are voting, the men say that not only do women need the ballot, but that, even more, the ballot needs the women. By that they mean that the country is in need of the service which women render when they are given the right to share in choosing public officials and in deciding upon the laws by which we are all governed. Voting is not a matter of sex. Women's votes are helpful, not because women are better than men but because they are different, and just because being women they often look at things from a different point of view. Two minds are better than one, especially when they are minds of different sexes. The Vote is the means by which a voter expresses his or her choice as to the kind of person who should be put in office to make the laws that people must obey. The Vote is an opinion that must be counted. Men and women have equal need of the vote because laws and government affect women as well as men. Women, as well as men, have opinions about laws. Votes for Women means that women's opinions shall be counted. WOMEN HAVE SPECIAL INTERESTS THAT NEED THE PROTECTION OF GOVERNMENT. Men elect as their Representatives men who will carry out their wishes and take care of their interests and needs. For example, Farmers vote for a representative who is likely to look after farm interests, Railroad men vote for a man who knows how to look after railroad interests, Grocers vote for the kind of man who will see that grocers get a square deal. Will men's representatives, elected only by men and responsible only to men, take care of women's interests and needs as well as if women, too, had helped to elect them? Would farmers be content to have their interests looked after only by the representatives of the railroad men? Of course they would not. They want a man to represent them who knows something about farming and who knows the needs of farmers. The farmers would not be satisfied to trust representatives of Big Business in New York City to represent them. Men know that to protect their special interests they must have the right to vote for the men they want to have as their representatives in government. Women are fast learning that to protect their special interests they, too, must have this right. HERE ARE A FEW OF THE SPECIAL INTERESTS OF WOMEN THAT ARE CONTROLLED BY VOTES. Pure Food: so that the family shall be well fed. Pure Water and Proper Health Laws: the mother is responsible for the health of her family. Good Roads: not only to get produce to markets, but so the children can go to school; so she can see her neighbors occasionally. Market Facilities: so that she and her family will receive a fair share in return for their labor. Good Schools: to give her boys and girls a good start, to give them every chance to get on well in life. School-houses as Social Centers: so that the boys and girls will be contented to find amusement at home and not flock to the cities. School-houses as Neighborhood Centers: where public questions can be discussed. Dairy Inspection Laws: the Dairy is the woman's special care. She ought to have something to say about the laws governing it. A Clean Village: where dirt and refuse are not allowed to remain in the streets or to blow into the house and yard. Decent Moral Surroundings: so that boys and girls may be safe morally. If a woman is married and her husband votes it won't do any harm to have two votes in the family on all those things. If she has no husband, isn't it unfair to forbid her the Vote which protects her special interests? Woman's business in life demands that women should be allowed to vote. A Government "of the People" demands that all the People, men and women, shall vote. TIMES HAVE CHANGED AND WOMEN'S WORK HAS CHANGED. Even for the woman on the farm, still more for the woman in the small town and most of all for the woman in the city, life and work are not what they used to be. YESTERDAY: Our grandmothers and great-grandmothers fed their families with their own hands. Not only did they do all the cooking, but they cured the meats, made the yeast and baked the bread; they made soap and candles, rugs and brooms, jellies and preserves. They clothed their families; with their own hands they spun the thread and wove the cloth and made it into garments for husband and children. They raised their children; they taught them at home and had them under their eyes most of the time. If the children worked, it was usually at home. The moral training of children was almost entirely in the mother's hands. TODAY: The baker and butcher bring bread and cake, meat and groceries to the door; meat comes from big slaughter houses, food is canned in factories. Food supplies and the condition of food, its wholesomeness and even the price, are regulated by laws made by men who have been elected by votes. Clothing is bought ready made. It is made in factories and sold by department stores. Women and girls still do this work, but by the thousands, in great buildings where sanitary conditions may be bad or danger of fire great; or in city sweatshops, often in the same rooms with disease. The health and safety of women and girls who make our clothes may mean the health and safety of our families who wear those clothes. Votes regulate these things, because, today, our health and working conditions are controlled by men elected by votes. In the city, clean and healthy homes depend on street cleaning, clean halls and basements, sufficient light and air, good sewage, pure water, proper plumbing, quick garbage collection. These things are all dependent on votes. Much of the care of children is now controlled by government. The law says at what age they must go to school, how many hours they must stay in school, what they must study. Their amusements are usually away from home; for example, in the moving picture shows, controlled by law. Their work is away from home, in shops and factories, controlled by law. Their moral training is no longer entirely in the mother's hands, but is dependent also on their surroundings in the schools, or at work, or on the streets. The political conditions of a village or town often affect the moral welfare of our boys and girls quite as much as the mother's training. The protection of girls and boys from the vice and temptation which surround them on city streets is all in the hands of men. Women should also help protect young people who earn their living. Shops, factories, offices and places of amusement should be made safe. The men who are elected to office regulate all these things. Don't you think that women should have a say as to who these men shall be? GOVERNMENT IS LARGELY PUBLIC HOUSEKEEPING. Women are the housekeepers of the world. It is not only wrong but foolish to shut them out from helping public housekeeping. A woman's first duty is to her own family, and by her vote she can improve conditions in her own home and for her own children. Her next duty is to her neighbors, her village and her country. By her vote we have shown you how she can help make all homes better. What we mean by saying that the ballot needs the woman is just this: The best kind of a home has in it both a man and a woman, the father to do his work, the mother to do her work, and yet both are really planning and working together for the good of that home. So in our larger home, our village, city and state, we need both the man's work and the woman's work, but we shall never have the best kind of government for that village, city or state until women as well as men can vote on what that government shall be. In the following lesson we state why women outside the home need and want the vote. SAMPLE COPY. Set of 13 lessons for .20 cents Special rates on orders of over 50 sets. Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Lesson VIII WHY WOMEN WHO WORK OUTSIDE OF THE HOME WANT THE VOTE. People make the sweeping statement "Woman's place is in the home," but they make it thoughtlessly, without much consideration. If they would stop to think they would know that many women have no homes to stay in, and that many more women would have no homes unless they could earn money somewhere outside their homes to keep those homes going. The woman who is fortunate enough to have a home and a good husband, and perhaps children to care for, must not think that all women are in the same position. That is not true. Of the 3,291,714 women in New York State over 15 years of age, according to the census of 1910, only 1,793,558 were married and 1,498,156 were unmarried or widowed. A large part of these 1,498,156 have to work in order to live, and many of them have children, or fathers and mothers, or sisters and brothers, to support. WHEN A WOMAN HAS TO EARN MONEY HOW CAN SHE DO IT? Not by staying at home and cooking and washing. There is usually no one in her home who can or will pay her for doing that. If she has to earn money she has to go outside her home to work for that money. So, during the past century, by tens of thousands, women have gone into shops and mills and factories; not for fun or for pin money - because no woman leaves her home and works for long, hard, weary hours at scant pay just for fun. She does it because she has to work in order to live. For example, in New York State, in 1910, there were 983,686 women and girls at work outside the home. Among them were: 90,243 operators on sewing machines, 22,309 making hats, suits and overalls, 11,786 making cigars and cigarettes, 9,258 in knitting mills, 4,964 making carpets. Besides these there were: 51,010 teachers, 49,281 stenographers and typists, 56,988 clerks and saleswomen, 33,603 bookkeepers and cashiers, 12,877 trained nurses, 8,722 in printing shops. Most of these things, weaving, canning, sewing, nursing, teaching, etc., women have always done. They belong to what men call "Woman's Sphere," but they think of Woman's Sphere as being inside the home. These teachers, nurses, factory workers, etc., are obliged to follow Woman's Sphere outside their homes because no one would pay them to do this work inside their homes. Many people have an idea that men support women. This is a mistake. The woman who works inside the home, cooking, scrubbing, washing, sewing, taking care of the family, and even the wife of a rich man who manages a big household, is surely not being supported. She is earning her living, although she may not receive wages for it. If she did this same work elsewhere, she would get not only her living, but wages. Suppose all women should refuse to go into factories and shops, and should stay at home. Could men support them? We know that they could not. Productive work, work that brings in money, is not done in the home today. The daughter of a working man must earn her living just as certainly as her brother does, and she must go out of the home to do it, just as he does. It is useless to say that this ought not to be so; it is so. The woman who works outside the home needs the vote even more than the woman who stays in the home. WOMAN'S WAGES DEPEND TO A LARGE EXTENT ON VOTES The experience of men wage-earners proves this; working men have greatly increased their wages because their organizations were backed by votes. Politicians and all political parties listen to the demand of Men's Trades Unions and Federations of Labor. Why? Because they are backed by votes. Women's organizations without votes have little or no influence. Politicians and political parties pay no attention to them. A striking proof of this was given when 12,000 shirt-waist makers, (girls) in New York City went to a certain mayor to ask his help. He said he was not interested and refused to see them. It is certain he would not have refused to see 12,000 voters. In most occupations women who do exactly the same work get from a third to half less pay than men. The excuse made is that the man is paid Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Examination Questions. No. II (To be sent with Lesson VIII) Write your answers after the questions, sign the paper with your full name and address, and return to your State Suffrage Association unless otherwise directed. 1. Name the one you consider the greatest pioneer of the Woman's Rights movement, and state the reason for your choice. 2. Why was the woman suffrage movement first known only as the Woman's Rights movement? 3. What is the difference between the vote that the women of Illinois have and the women of the other eleven suffrage states? 4. State three of the laws that have been made since the Woman's Rights movement began, that you consider of the greatest benefit to women? 5. Why have such changes been granted to women and not the suffrage? 6. Give three of your chief reasons for thinking that the vote could help you. 7. State the objections to suffrage that you hear most often. more because he has a family to support. The truth is that in many cases the man does not have a family to support and the woman has. Where women vote, equal pay for equal work is often the custom and has been obtained in several instances by state law. Four suffrage states have a state-wide law requiring equal pay for men and women teachers in the public schools. In Chicago, since women have been given the vote men and women employed in public institutions are paid the same for the same work. THE WORKING WOMAN'S HOURS FOR WORK ARE INFLUENCED BY VOTES. Women need shorter working hours than men. When a man's work is done he can, as a rule, go home and rest or amuse himself. When a woman's work is done she often has to go home and cook supper, or do the family washing, and look after the children besides. She needs more rest than the man, and she gets less. This is not only bad for the woman, but very bad for the human race. Young girls who are worked too hard will bear weak and helpless children. There are sixty-eight laws in twenty-eight of the United States that provide for an eight-hour law in certain occupations for working men. The only states having any eight-hour laws for working women are Colorado, California, Washington, Wyoming, Oregon and Arizona. All these are states where women vote. THE SAFETY OF WORKING WOMEN IS REGULATED BY LAW. Remember the Triangle Shirt-Waist fire in New York City, where a hundred and forty-seven girls were burned to death because the doors were locked. Two months later the owners of that factory were found guilty of keeping the doors still locked. They were fined $20. This was considered the value of the safety of hundreds of young girls! The owners of the factory would not have dared to treat men that way, because men are voters, and votes control working conditions. Votes for women mean greater safety for women workers. THE HEALTH OF WORKING WOMEN DEPENDS ON LAWS. Light, air, sanitary conditions in shops, mills, factories are all regulated by law. Machines are often "speeded up" so that to run them soon exhausts a woman's strength, and she becomes a physical and nervous wreck. Young girls are often obliged to stand in stores from eight in the morning until six at night with no chance to sit down, and are obliged to work overtime or take the chance of losing their jobs. Health and strength for women can be helped by women's votes. The woman who has to earn money and has to take her work home is even worse off than the woman who works in the factory. She tries to make up by working extra long hours. She gets the children to help her or she works in poor light, often with dirty surroundings. She has to take the poorest paid work at the lowest price. This is what is called sweatshop labor. Such work is done in a tenement in the midst of the cooking and other household labor, often by the whole family. The wages of an entire family working twelve or fourteen hours a day in this way is often not a living wage for one person. Things made in this way often carry disease to those who buy them. Votes for men have proved a great help to working men. Votes for women have proved an equally great help to working women in the states where women vote. Therefore the working women of every state should have the vote. The next lesson will give some instances of "What Women Have Done with the Ballot." If you find these lessons interesting, get your neighbor to take them. SAMPLE COPY. Set of 13 lessons for .20¢ Special rates on orders of over 50 sets. Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Lesson IX WHAT WOMEN HAVE DONE WITH THE BALLOT. In discussing what women have accomplished by the ballot, it must be remembered that women have been voting a very short time. Eight of our twelve woman suffrage states have only given the vote to women within the past six years! Two, three, six years, or even twenty-three years, as in the case of Colorado, is a very short time in which to change old traditions, and old customs. Democracy has not been able to rid itself of all the evils of the tyranny which preceded it for so many centuries. We believe that the cure for such evils as still exist in Democracy, is more Democracy, for public morals are distinctly finer and better today than they were a century ago. Votes for women will bring more Democracy. In every equal suffrage state there has been a decided change for the better since women began to vote, and since they have had direct interest and responsibility in public affairs. All the evils and injustice have not yet been done away with by any means, and women, like men, sometimes make mistakes. The greatest change that has come with woman suffrage in the twelve states where women vote is the change in the way men think of women. It is obvious that men respect the opinion of women far more where women possess the power of the ballot. Where women vote, men and women have a greater feeling of comradeship than they ever had before. They have learned to know and understand one another better since they have worked together to better conditions for the people; and working together has also created a better neighborhood spirit. Many women feel responsible only for their own families. When they become voters they begin to feel responsible for the neighborhood in which they live. They realize for the first time that the welfare of each family affects the welfare of all families. MANY GOOD RESULTS in the way of better legislation, and better living conditions have been accomplished. (See Woman Suffrage: History, Arguments, Results. Published by National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., 171 Madison Avenue, New York.) Although men far outnumber women in most of the woman suffrage states, all laws proposed which directly affect women and children receive far more respectful attention and assistance than ever before. Why? Because women voters can prevent a man from being re-elected if he is against measures which greatly affect life and happiness. For example, in 1911 California refused to change the law which gave fathers the sole guardianship of children. The women were very indignant, but at that time they were not voters, and they learned that influence, not backed by votes, meant nothing. In 1913, when women had the ballot, they insisted that the law be brought up again for consideration by the legislature, and then mothers and fathers were made equal guardians of their children. A similar law has been passed in every one of the suffrage states except Arizona. Twenty-two male suffrage states have no equal guardianship law, and in three of them, Delaware, Florida and Tennessee, a father may, by deed or by will, dispose of his child, until it comes of age, without its mother's consent. Massachusetts women worked fifty-five years to get an equal guardianship law on their statute books, but California, Colorado, Montana, and Nevada women got it the first year after women had the ballot. BABIES have a better chance to live where women vote. All of the states and countries where the death rate of babies is lowest are states and countries where women vote. In New Zealand, where women have voted for twenty years, only fifty-one babies out of every thousand die before they are a year old. In New York State more than twice as many, 129, die the first year. PROPERTY RIGHTS. Women have control over their own property in most of the equal suffrage states. In Colorado the last inequalities have been removed, and husbands and wives have actual equal rights both in the ownership and inheritance of property. This is not so in any of the male suffrage states. The earnings of a wife are in her own in every equal suffrage state, excepting California. In California her earnings become the common property of herself and husband, under the husband's control during his life, but not liable for his debts. In many male suffrage States the law gives the husband entire control of his wife's wages. For example, in New York, a wife is not entitled to her own earnings when she works with her husband, or even if she works in his store or factory. Such joint earnings of the husband and wife belong to the husband, unless the wife has taken the precaution to form a regular level business partnership with her husband. Court decisions within the last year or two have given the wife's earnings in the business to the husband, and to the husband the courts have awarded even all her savings in the savings bank, which she had saved out of the allowance she received to run her household. When husband and wife work together and both have helped to accumulate personal property by their joint labor, as is the case with the vast majority of our people, the wife has absolutely no legal right in the products of this labor. In New York State the wife's dower right applies only to real estate, and this means only a life interest in one-third of her husband's realty. The husband's right of courtesy in case a child is born alive gives him the use of all her real estate for life. WIDOWED MOTHERS' PENSIONS BILLS are in force in all the woman suffrage states (except Arizona, where the law was declared unconstitutional). This means that when a father is dead or has deserted, leaving little children whom the mother is not able to support, that instead of paying a certain sum each month to an institution for taking care of the children, the money is paid to the mother. She is then able to keep her children with her, give them a mother's care, and bring them up under conditions which will make decent citizens of them. Only twelve such laws exist in the thirty-six male suffrage states. CHILD LABOR LAWS ARE UNUSUALLY GOOD in most of the equal suffrage states. Mothers know the evils of putting a little child to work long hours at tasks beyond its strength. States where women vote have tried to prevent this evil of child labor before it should get a start. In eleven woman suffrage states only eleven per cent. of boys under fifteen are at work and two per cent. of the girls. In thirty-seven male suffrage states twenty- five per cent. of the boys and twelve per cent. of the girls are workers. (Illinois is not counted here as a woman suffrage state as the women have not full suffrage.) All of the woman suffrage states forbid the sale of tobacco, cigarettes, or narcotics to minors. Educational laws are unusually fine and well enforced. Compulsory education laws exist in all the woman suffrage states. CHILDREN'S COURTS started in a woman suffrage state and are in existence in at least seven of them. They protect the child who is accused of any misdemeanor from contact with criminals, and so are a great protection to unfortunate children. ALL THE EQUAL SUFFRAGE STATES TAKE ESPECIALLY GOOD CARE OF YOUNG GIRLS. In most states a girl may legally consent to her own ruin several years before she may, independent of her parents, give her consent to be married. At present in ten of the twelve woman suffrage states, this "age of consent" has been raised to eighteen years, or the age when she may marry independent of her parents' wishes. In the other two it is sixteen years. In one of the male suffrage states, Georgia, the "age of consent" is as low as ten years, and in two others, North Carolina and Florida, a child of ten may be legally "unchaste." The Red Light Injunction and Abatement Act is the best method yet found for dealing with Commercialized Vice and has been widely adopted where women vote. The reason why our Western women have been able to accomplish so much in a few years is because their clubs are well organized; they study carefully all new laws that are proposed, they support the laws which they consider good and suggest others which they think desirable. They use their votes to support measures which safeguard home and children, and so help in bringing about better living conditions. They vote for that kind of official who will work for the benefit of the community. Western women, as voters, are getting the benefits and advantages that all women want and need. The men of the woman suffrage states consider woman suffrage a great success and an advantage to the country. It is hard now to find a Western man who will acknowledge that he was ever opposed to it! They are proud of it and its results. The women, too, who were once opposed or indifferent have now quite changed their attitude. Women who were anti-suffragists have often been first at the polls on election day. In fact, it is not wise for anyone to say anything against woman suffrage in a state where women vote. Anti- suffragists often claim that prominent Western men are unfriendly to woman suffrage, but these claims are usually false, and are generally promptly denied by the men themselves. An act on the part of the Wyoming legislature (composed entirely of men) shows Western sentiment. Of its own free will, in 1900, this legislature sent a petition to Washington, signed by most of the prominent state officials, asking Congress for an amendment to the Constitution of the United States granting suffrage to women. The petition stated the advantages derived from equal suffrage and closed with these words: "WE URGE EVERY CIVILIZED COMMUNITY ON EARTH TO ENFRANCHISE ITS WOMEN WITHOUT DELAY." The next lesson will answer some objections to Woman Suffrage. SAMPLE COPY. Set of 13 lessons for .20¢ Special rates on orders of over 50 sets. Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Lesson X OBJECTIONS TO WOMAN SUFFRAGE ANSWERED Objections to woman suffrage are usually in the nature of things that might happen "if women get the vote." These objections are disproved by what has actually taken place where women already vote. Suffrage has been in operation long enough, and in so many different places, that it is easy to know the truth. Here are some of the objections made by opponents of woman suffrage and the answers to those objections based on fact: "WOMEN DO NOT WANT THE VOTE." The fact that so many women have worked so hard and for so long disproves this. For example: For sixty-two years the women of New York State have gone every year to Albany to ask the legislature to pass the suffrage bill. Over 200,000 women worked for suffrage during the 1915 campaign in this state. There were 2,500 women who worked as officials of the suffrage organization, all without pay, and in the last six months of the campaign over 10,000 meetings were held. "WOMEN WILL NOT USE THE VOTE WHEN THEY GET IT." It is difficult to give figures for women voters apart from men voters because the ballot boxes are not kept separate, but the vote in a state before and after women are allowed to vote tells the tale. In all these states there were many more men than women. Kansas . . . . . . . . election of 1912—365,444 men voted. " " 1914—630,206 men and women voted. Oregon . . . . . . . . " " 1912—137,040 men voted, " " 1914—210,566 men and women voted. California . . . . . . " " 1910—385,713 men voted. " " 1914—926,689 men and women voted. Washington. . . . . " " 1908—176,141 men voted. " " 1914—345,279 men and women voted. This proves that women do vote where they have the privilege. "WOMEN ARE ALREADY REPRESENTED BY THEIR HUSBANDS." There are, for example, in New York State, 1,768,698 married women over 21 years of age; 1,089,529 are unmarried or widowed. Who represents those 1,089,529 women on election day? "THE MAN VOTES BECAUSE HE IS THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY." Does he? Here is a family with a father, mother and five sons—six votes. Here is another family with mother and five daughters, no vote. Here is still another household with a bachelor who has no family—one vote. Isn't it evident that a man votes simply because he is a man and that the family has nothing to do with it? "A WOMAN CAN GET WHAT SHE WANTS THROUGH HER INFLUENCE." A person could go across the state on foot, but why go on foot when you can go by train? Influence is slow and uncertain. The vote is direct and certain. By having the vote in addition to influence you don't lose your influence, you increase it. A man often has influence, but he doesn't lose his influence because he votes. "IT WOULD BE DOUBLE THE EXPENSE OF ELECTIONS." Enough ballots and sufficient polling places are provided now at every election in most States to supply women voters. Moreover, where women vote they have brought about the use of schoolhouses and other public buildings which can be had rent free. In New York City, for example, if this were done, at least $125,000 in rent would be saved on every primary or election day. "WOMAN SUFFRAGE WILL INCREASE TAXES." Actual figures disprove this. New York State without woman suffrage, has by far the largest bonded debt of any state in the Union. Colorado, with woman suffrage, is the only state where the per capita tax fell, between the year 1902 and 1912. (United States Census on Wealth, Debt and Taxation.) Kansas with municipal woman suffrage since 1887, and full suffrage since 1912, has no state debt, and Wyoming, the oldest woman suffrage state, had, January 1916, no debt and $750,000 in its treasury. "WOMAN SUFFRAGE WILL INCREASE THE IGNORANT VOTE." On the contrary it will increase the educated vote. Our high schools graduate two or three times as many girls as boys. "IT WILL INCREASE THE FOREIGN-BORN VOTE." On the contrary it will reduce the foreign-born vote, Less than one-third of the immigrants coming to this country are women. According to the last census there are nearly three times as many native-born women as all the foreign-born men and women put together. "IT WILL INCREASE THE CRIMINAL VOTE." Again facts prove the contrary. Only five out of every hundred criminals in our prisons are women. Even in our cities the women prostitutes number less than half of one per cent. It takes from eight to twenty men to support such a woman. Those men all have the vote. Since the majority of women are good and not bad, therefore the result of giving women the suffrage is not evil but good. "WOMEN DO NOT NEED TO VOTE BECAUSE MEN WILL LOOK AFTER THEIR INTERESTS." These lessons have given many proofs that this is not true. Women know what they want and what children need better than men ever can, for women are trained in this special work. Even with the best intentions men could not look out for the interests of all the people in the world. They have too many important affairs of their own to attend to. "POLITICS IS MAN'S BUSINESS. WOMAN'S PLACE IS IN THE HOME." Voting does not take one out of the home any more than marketing does. Politics affect a woman's business just as much as it does a man's. It concerns itself with the care of homes and the health of babies as much as with the tariff or banking laws. "WOMAN SUFFRAGE WILL INCREASE DIVORCE." There has never been a case on record where political differences between man and woman were given as the reason for divorce. By actual figures the divorce rate has increased more rapidly in the states where women do not vote (see United States Census Bureau Report). "IT WILL CORRUPT WOMEN AND MAKE THEM UNWOMANLY TO GO INTO POLITICS." Very few men "go into politics," and yet most men vote. To be interested in one's country, to try to improve conditions in one's town or village cannot corrupt a woman's character. Voting does not change a woman's nature or interfere with her duties. In the equal suffrage states women are just as womanly as in the states where they do not vote. Moreover, women vote in their own neighborhood. A polling place in the states where women vote is as orderly as a church and the same neighbors meet in both places. "WOMEN WOULD WANT ALL THE POLITICAL JOBS." Very few women want to hold office of any kind. Most of them are too busy with other affairs. In the suffrage states they seldom hold office except as they serve on charity boards and in connection with educational matters. Remember that before a woman can be elected to any office she must have a majority of the votes of both men and women. "WOMEN SHOULD NOT HAVE THE VOTE BECAUE THEY CANNOT FIGHT FOR THEIR COUNTRY." The present war in Europe is proving how untrue this is. The armies on the battlefields could not be kept there unless the women at home did the men's work. They carry on the business of men, they organize in companies like soldiers for home defense, they work in the fields to supply the soldiers with food, they support the home, they make ammunition, they nurse the wounded. Moreover, if men bear arms, women bear soldiers. When it is a question of war or peace, should not the women of the nation be consulted as well as the men? "MEN DON'T WANT PETTICOAT RULE." Neither do women. Votes for women mean simply that women shall be allowed to vote in order to share with men the responsibility as to how their town, state and country shall be governed, just as they share with them other responsibilities in life. One of the most common objections is: "WE DO NOT BELIEVE THAT ALL MEN SHOULD HAVE THE VOTE. WE BELIEVE IN LIMITED SUFFRAGE." Americans who make that statement are not loyal to the principles on which their government is founded. Political equality is the basis of our government and political equality cannot mean limited suffrage. Democracy means "government of the people, by the people, for the people." Women as well as men are people. There is no logical reason why the vote should not be given to women on equal terms with men. One-half the people should not be denied the right to vote because of sex. The next lesson will tell you something about the Real Enemies of Woman Suffrage. SAMPLE COPY. Set of 13 lessons for .20 cents Special rates on orders of over 50 sets. Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Lesson XII WHO ARE THE SUFFRAGISTS? Men and women are said to be known by the company they keep. The same may be said of a movement like woman suffrage. Let us see then, what sort of people endorse suffrage for women. Among the organized groups of women: THE GENERAL FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS. There are nearly 2,000,000 women in this Federation. At their biennial meeting in Chicago, in 1914 they voted for woman suffrage by an overwhelming majority and because of this action, in the two years since then, the Federation has had the largest increase of membership of any time in its history. In the states where women vote, every Federation of Clubs and every president of a Federation testifies that their work has become easier since they became voters. Is it any wonder that the women of the states where women are forbidden to vote are trying to have this restriction removed? A few years ago suffrage was not allowed to be discussed in these clubs, but in trying to do certain things for their village or city, women found by actual experience that they could have done the work quicker and easier if they had all been voters. So now, the majority of the club women are suffragists, as shown by their votes on the subject. The women in these clubs are the best educated, most active group of home women in the country today. Most of them are not only taking care of homes and families of their own, but are actively interested in the welfare of their village or city. They are working for better schools, cleaner towns, healthier surroundings, decent amusements, better conditions for men, women and children in shops and factories. Some of these women's clubs are Civic clubs or Village Improvement Societies, some are Study clubs, but all are working in some way for improving conditions for men and women. The New York State Federation of Women's Clubs in 1915 voted 227 to 73 for woman suffrage. WORKING WOMEN. The largest organization of women at work outside the home is the National Women's Trade Union League. in 1913 they voted unanimously that "The workers are the wealth of the country"; that "voteless women unable to protect themselves are used to cut men's wages"; that "idle and ignorant women oppose votes for workers," and that they "protest against the opposition of women of leisure who selfishly obstruct the efforts of working women to obtain full citizenship, thereby making the struggle for the protection of the working people's homes immeasurably more difficult" The woman who is obliged to leave her home and go out to work for her bread has little time to give to work for woman suffrage, but she knows that it would be great protection to her to have the vote. THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION is for suffrage. For years suffrage was not a welcome subject at their meetings, but experience has taught them how necessary the vote is to do the work they want done, and now every W. C. T. U. has a "franchise department" working for woman suffrage. THE NATIONAL ORDER OF THE "LADIES OF THE MACCABEES," comprising over 50,000 women, the first and oldest fraternal beneficiary society in the world, composed exclusively of women, is for suffrage. This order is affiliated with the National Woman Suffrage Association and always sends delegates to its annual convention. THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES and the AMERICAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION stand for suffrage. They want to see health conditions improved by Votes for Women. Among organized groups where both men and women are members: THE NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION, men and women teachers from all over the United States, at their last convention endorsed suffrage enthusiastically. THE NATIONAL GRANGE. From the Grange in the states where women vote have come enthusiastic endorsements of the way suffrage works. At the last meeting of the New York State Grange a resolution was adopted asking that the woman suffrage bill should be re-submitted and pledging its members to work for it. Among the organized groups of men who stand for suffrage are: THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER-CARRIERS, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POST-OFFICE CLERKS, GRAND COUNCIL OF COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS, NATIONAL MINERS' Copyright, 1916. by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Examination Questions. No. III (To be sent with Lesson XII) Write your answers after the questions, sign the paper with your full name and address, and return to your State Suffrage Association unless otherwise directed. 1. What do you consider the best things that women have accomplished with the ballot? 2. What do you consider the most forcible and convincing argument for woman suffrage? 3. Why should not the ballot be given simply to the tax-paying women? 4. What is the most necessary and important thing to do now in order to get equal suffrage? 5. Can you suggest any new ways of defeating the enemies of suffrage? FEDERATION, NEW YORK STATE ASSOCIATION OF POLICE CHIEFS, NEW YORK STATE CONFERENCE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, NEW JERSEY BAPTIST CONFERENCE, WEST JERSEY PRESBYTERY, BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS, CIVIL SERVICE ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK. All these great associations of men, in addition to many smaller bodies, have put themselves on record as believers in woman suffrage. Now let us name over the kind of individual man and woman who are suffragists. We have only space to mention a few familiar names to illustrate still further what we mean by asking "Who are the suffragists?" First, among the friends who have passed on, the greatest American: ABRAHAM LINCOLN: He said "I go for all sharing the privileges of government who bear its burdens . . . . by no means excluding the women." The men who helped to make our nation great: Wendell Phillips, the great orator; Charles Sumner, the statesman; and William Lloyd Garrison, the advocate of freedom for the slave, Julia Ward Howe, authoress and philanthropist, who wrote "The Battle Hymn of the Republic"; Frances Willard, educator and president of the W. C. T. U.; Clara Barton, first president of the American Red Cross, and in England, Florence Nightingale, the first woman to nurse wounded soldiers. Among the living who see clearly the justice and the need of giving women the vote are: THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES and the following members of his cabinet: Secretary of Treasury William G. McAdoo, Secretary of War Newton D. Baker, Postmaster General Albert S. Burleson, Secretary of Interior Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of Agriculture David F. Houston, Secretary of Commerce William C. Redfield, Secretary of Labor William B. Wilson, Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels. THE GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK STATE, the MAYOR OF NEW YORK CITY, and his entire board of commissioners. THE GOVERNORS OF THE SUFFRAGE STATES: John F. A. Strong of Alaska, Geo. W. P. Hunt of Arizona, Hiram W. Johnson of California, Geo. A. Carlson of Colorado, Moses Alex of Idaho, Edw. F. Dunne of Illinois, Arthur Capper of Kansas, Sam'l V. Stewart of Montana, Emmet D. Boyle of Nevada, Jas. Withycombe of Oregon, Wm. Spry of Utah, Ernest Lister of Washington, John B. Kendrick of Wyoming, and Gov. M. G. Brumbaugh of Pennsylvania, which is a non-suffrage state. ALSO HON. THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND HON. CHARLES EVANS HUGHES. Among the presidents of colleges for women are Dr. John McCracken of Vassar, Dr. Leroy Burton of Smith, Virginia C. Gildersleeve of Barnard, M. Carey Thomas of Bryn Mawr, Mary E. Wooley of Mt. Holyoke. Other well-known men and women are: Thomas Edison, inventor; Luther Burbank, the California fruit grower; P. P. Claxton, United States Commissioner of Education; Brand Whitlock, former Mayor of Toledo, Ohio, now our Minister to Belgium; Samuel Gompers, President of the American Federation of Labor; Jane Addams, of Hull House, Chicago; Florence Kelley, who has done so much for working women and children; Lillian Wald, founder and head of the New York Nurses settlement (and you may safely add every experienced settlement worker); Julia Lathrop, head of the United States Children's Bureau; Harvey Wiley, the government Pure Food expert; Maud Miner, the head of the New York Probation and Protective Association; Judge Ben Lindsay, of the Denver Juvenile Court; Maud Ballington Booth, daughter of the great founder of the Salvation Army; Francis E. Clark, President of the Christian Endeavor Society. We can furnish lists of prominent judges, lawyers, doctors, editors, authors, social workers, financiers, bishops and other clergy, teachers, business men, and men and women in every walk of life who are suffragists. As a rule wherever you find a man or a woman working earnestly to make the world a better place to live in, there you will find a believer in woman suffrage. It is significant that while the forces of evil are working to defeat woman suffrage, the forces for good are working for its successes. WE ASK YOU TO WORK FOR IT, TOO. Remember that one of the great reasons why Votes for Women are needed in the world today, is because they double the power and double the influence of the home. The regular Correspondence Course ends with this lesson, but we take pleasure in sending you a Supplementary Lesson: How to work for Suffrage. SAMPLE COPY. Set of 13 lessons for .20 cents Special rates on orders of over 50 sets. Copyright, 1916, by the New York State Woman Suffrage Party. SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Supplementary Lesson HOW TO WORK FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGE. STATE AND NATIONAL AMENDMENTS. Women are now denied the right to vote in all but twelve of the forty-eight states. There are two ways of getting this restriction removed: By amending the constitution of a state (this is done by submitting a suffrage amendment to the voters of the state) which would give votes to the women of that state; or, by an amendment to the constitution of the United States, which, when ratified by thirty-six of the forty-eight states, would give votes to all the women of the United States. A NATIONAL AMENDMENT. Congress gave the vote to colored men by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the National Constitution. The vote could likewise be extended to women by another national amendment. For many years Susan B. Anthony and other suffrage leaders put their greatest efforts into working for a national amendment. Then they began to realize that women without votes had no power over Congress; that the only way to get such an amendment was first to win for women the right to vote for congressmen in the individual states, and when enough states had been won, women could then demand a national amendment. Thereafter the efforts of suffragists were largely centered on winning separate states. As you have seen, state after state was won until now there are eleven states where women have full suffrage and one state where women, although not having full suffrage, may vote for President. As a result, the pressure on Congress has increased until in 1915 the Suffrage Amendment passed the Senate of the United States by a majority of 1, and received a vote in the House of Representatives of 174. The demand for a national amendment must be backed by still more suffrage states before women can succeed in getting it. Every congressman in Washington who comes from a woman suffrage states is in favor of a national amendment and votes for it. It is therefore evident that when enough states have given votes to women, we shall get a national amendment which, when duly ratified by the requisite number of states, will give votes to all women. In 1915 women suffragists attempted a tremendous task. They tried to win four big Eastern states all at once; New York, Massachusetts, Penn- sylvania and New Jersey. They did not succeed, but over a million votes were polled for suffrage in those states. NATIONAL WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION. Every one of the forty-eight states except New Mexico has a State Suffrage Association. The National-American Woman Suffrage Association is composed of these state suffrage associations. In 1915 Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt succeeded Dr. Anna Howard Shaw as President of the National Association. Dr. Shaw is now its Honorary President. Mrs. Catt is also chairman of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance composed of the suffrage associations of twenty-seven different countries of the world. The National Association has headquarters in New York City and also in Washington, D. C., and works along two lines: To keep the National Amendment (sometimes called the Susan B. Anthony amendment) before Congress and work for its adoption, and to help suffrage to win in every individual state. A STATE AMENDMENT. A state can give votes to her women by an amendment to the state constitution. Such an amendment has to go, as a rule, through two different successive state legislatures and then be ratified by the vote of a majority of the men of the state before it becomes law. Such an amendment was first introduced in the New York State legislature in 1854, and after that women went every year (with the exception of the years of the Civil War) to the Capitol at Albany and begged to have that amendment passed. It was finally passed in 1915, and was submitted to the voters. ORGANIZATION FOR A STATE CAMPAIGN. When it was certain that the suffrage amendment was to come to a vote in New York in November, 1915, suffrage forces in the state united in forming the Empire State Campaign Committee. Under Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt as Chairman every effort was made to persuade the two millions of voters in the state to vote for the amendment. ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS. The Unit of the Organization was (and still remains) the Assembly District, thereby following the lines of the political parties. Every Assembly District in the state was organized for the suffrage campaign with a Leader, Vice-Leader, Secretary and Treasurer. The County and the Assembly District is the same, except where the county has a large city, when there may be several Assembly Districts in one county. The Assembly District elects a man called an Assemblyman to represent the district in the state legislature. Each Assembly District has a number of Election Districts, and each Election District has one polling place where the men of that District cast their votes. Under the Leader of the Assembly District the Election Districts were organized for suffrage with election district captains heading committees of workers. CAMPAIGN DISTRICTS. For campaign purposes the state was divided into twelve Campaign Districts, each with a big city for its center, and each one was put in charge of a Campaign District Chairman. New York City was Campaign District No. 1, Long Island No. 2, Albany was the center for No. 3, Malone for No. 4, Syracuse for No. 5, Ithaca for No. 6, Rochester for No. 7, Buffalo for No. 8, Yonkers for No. 9, Poughkeepsie for No. 10, Troy for No. 11, and Utica for No. 12. Such was the form of suffrage organization that carried on the campaign last year for woman suffrage in New York State. Through this organization an attempt was made to reach every voter. Besides the Assembly District suffrage organizations there were many clubs at work in towns and villages raising money and doing everything they could think of to make men study and think about suffrage questions, so as to vote intelligently. Over $150,000 was raised for the campaign to pay for literature, stenographers, office rent, speakers' expense, etc. Not a single official of the Campaign Committee was paid for her work. The money all went for campaign expenses. Men and women to the number of 460,664 were enrolled during the year as believers in equal suffrage. If every woman who believes suffrage is right would do her little share in every State Campaign, suffrage would soon be won. It means a little work if all women help; it is a tremendous task if a few women must do it all. WHAT YOU CAN DO. Tell people that you believe in suffrage. Don't be afraid of being called a suffragist. Women sometimes say "Oh no! I'm not a suffragist." "Don't you think suffrage is right?" "Oh yes—it is right." Then you are a suffragist and you ought to be proud to be in the same class with all the great men and women who believe in it. Let your friends and neighbors know that you believe in it. Talk about it! That is something every woman can do. By talking about it you make people begin to think about it. The man or woman who really thinks about suffrage usually comes to think that it is right. JOIN A SUFFRAGE ORGANIZATION OR CLUB. If there isn't one in your neighborhood write to your State Suffrage Association and ask them to start one. There is nothing like getting together and talking things over. The antis always claim every man or woman who is not enrolled for suffrage as being on their side. If you believe suffrage is right the least you can do is put your name down to be counted on the right side. Send for literature—suffrage leaflets are sold as cheap as 5c. a hundred and if you can't afford 5c. your State Association will send them to you anyway. You ought to have them in the house and give them to all your friends and neighbors. GET YOUR NEIGHBORS TO ENROLL AS SUFFRAGISTS. Write to your State Association for enrollment slips, and canvass your neighbors, and get them to enroll. This costs them nothing and puts them on the right side. GET EVERYBODY TO TAKE THE SUFFRAGE CORRESPONDENCE COURSE. SUPPORT SUFFRAGE WITH MONEY WHEREVER YOU CAN. There are no big corporations backing woman suffrage. The money comes in dimes and nickels from the pockets of men and women who have but little money. Every district should support its own suffrage work. At least it should try to pay for its own literature and necessary expenses. ADVERTISING WOMAN SUFFRAGE. Many people wonder why suffragists have had parades and gone on "hikes" and done other things which some call "queer." Why do suffragists speak on the street corners or hold out-of-door meetings? To reach and convert to woman suffrage a majority of the voters in a state, often men of every nationality, creed and color, is a tremendous task. Some men won't go to a suffrage meeting. We could advertise the finest speakers in the world and only a comparatively small number of men would go inside of a hall to hear them. When men will not come to us to hear our suffrage speeches, we go to the men where they are, on the street, and in this way reach crowds of men with our arguments who would otherwise never hear them. Also we have to pay rent if we hire halls, and a street meeting costs nothing. Hundreds of thousands of men have heard suffrage speeches on the street at almost no expense to us, who would never have gone inside of a hall to listen, and if we had been obligated to pay rent for halls we would not have been able to have the meetings. For a similar reason we have parades. Many men would not know there was a suffrage movement except for the suffrage parade. Many a man has been converted to suffrage by seeing a woman he knew walking in a suffrage parade. "I didn't know she cared enough about it for that," he has been heard to say. To reach all kinds of men all kinds of methods must be used. Methods that you might not like might be just the methods that would convert someone else. Publicity is necessary to make a cause widely known. Never before in the history of the world has a disfranchised class been obliged to face the difficult task which the women of the United States are facing today. The consent of millions of men must be won before women can win the vote, and that they have succeeded so well up to the present time is little short of a miracle. Women deserve the vote. Woman have proved that they want the vote. WHAT WILL YOU DO TO HELP WIN? Maps on this order too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed clockwise beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method. 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 VOTES FOR WOME GRANTED: SUFFRAGE 1869 Wyoming 1893 Colorado Bounds Wyoming on South 1896 The Map Pr WASH. OREG. CAL. IDAHO. NEV. MONT. WYO. UTAH. COL. N. DAK. S. DAK. NEB. KAN. MINN. IOWA. NO. WIS. IL WOMEN A SUCCESS he Map Proves It D. COL. N. DAK. S. DAK. NEB. KAN. MINN. IOWA. MO. WIS. ILL. MICH IND. OHIO. KY. ME. VER. N.H. N.Y. MASS CONN. R.I. PENN. N.J. W.VA. VA. DEL. N.C. SUFFRAGE GRANTED: 1911 California 1912 Oregon Bounds California on South 1912 VOTES FOR WOMEN GRANTED: SUFFRAGE 1869 Wyoming 1893 Colorado Bounds Wyoming on South 1896 Utah Bounds Wyoming and Colorado 1896 Idaho Bounds Wyoming and Utah The Map Pro WOMEN A SUCCESS The Map Proves It SUFFRAGE GRANTED: 1911 California 1912 Oregon Bounds California on South 1912 Arizona Bounds California on East 1912 Kansas Utah Bounds Wyoming and Colorado 1896 Idaho Bounds Wyoming and UTah 1910 Washington Bounds Idaho on West 1913 Alaska Red States, Full Suffrage; Shaded States, Partial Sufferage; Black Would any of these States have adopted EQUAL SUFFRAGE if it IMITATION IS THE SINCER NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION, 505 Fifth Arizona Bounds California on East 1912 Kansas Bounds Colorado on East EQUAL CAMPAIGN NEAR-CAMPAIGN ILLINOIS Suffrage; Shaded States, Partial Suffrage; Black States, No Suffrage AL SUFFERAGE if it has been a failure just across the Border? E SINCEREST FLATTERY! AN WOMAN SUFFERAGE ASSOCIATION, 505 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.