NAWSA Subject File Woman Suffrage Amendment November 4, 1927 DEAR FELLOW SUFFRAGISTS: Allow me to join with you in our common expression of joy and gratitude that the great campaign for Women Suffrage lies behind us. We are told that women lack political acumen. Probably they do! As time goes on I am deeply impressed with the yawning chasm where the political sagacity of men ought to be. The truth is, there is precious little political intelligence in the race. There is a little vision, courage, understanding, sense of duty, and comprehension of collective service. The facts are that a new and different education in political action is needed. The times are calling for it. The political parties are timid. The politicians muddle and the voters follow as best they can. Somebody, somewhere, some time, must declare for an entirely new deal. This will be the reform of the future. it was a grandold battle we had and especially in those last years when triumph perpetually perched upon our banner and each woman knew that victory was as certain as the rising of the run. My mind goes farther back to the time when the date of triumph was not so certain. Those were dull times but had women not carries the faith in those days there would have been no triumphal years at the end. Joy be with you tonight. You were all glorious soldiers in a glorious cause, and whether anybody else knows that you gave a great and mighty contribution to the cause of civilization, please be assured that you did, and never forget it. Tell your children if you have an; your brothers' and sisters' children if you haven't. Let your family and your friends know that you were a heroine in one of he world's greatest revolutions. Each of you should have a medal, a badge of honor, and bye and bye a special message over your grave. Long after your dust may be moldering the world will understand that these things should have been yours. Never mind the honor. You did not work for it. Be glad that one job is done. face the future and do not be afraid of the work that remains for you to do. Blessing on you each and all. (cccat) [*Fed Amendment*] copy United States Liquidation Commission War Department, Paris June 11, 1919. Dear Mrs. Park: The spirit moves me to write you a note of congratulations on the passage of the woman suffrage amendment. I was particularly interested to see that the margin was exactly as you figured it when I [ ] saw you last in February. Mrs. Funk wrote me that Senator Moses was going to vote for suffrage, and I shall be interested to know whether he really did. The vote indicates that he did not, but perhaps some one else disappointed you. The United States Senate has ce[ ]tainly upheld its tradition of [ ] being ultra-conservative. It stood to its guns in a truly remarkable fashion. It is a great pity its attitude was not more commendable. I expect to see the various States rush the [ ] amendment through. Gov. Smith of New York has certainly done his duty by calling a special session of the New York Legislature for that express purpose. I am quite sure that other governors will follow his custom, and that the amendment will be ratified by a sufficient number of States not later than next February. That will give Congress a chance to pass thenecessary laws and the States to provide the machinery so that all women in the United States will vote in the campaign of 1920. The narrow margin of two votes gives you the right to feel that you personally are a tremendous factor in the final result. If the margin had been large, no one person could have claimed much credit. But these two votes certainly represent the results of your individual efforts. I have said many times to you association that you have handled the suffrage campaign in Washington with most remarkable tact, intelligence and perseverance. I am glad to have this chance to repeat it in writing. I do not recall a single mistake that you have made, and numerous instances come to my mind where you secured the vote of a doubtful Senator and clinched the allegiance of a wavering one. Moreover, you were always so considerate and deferential that no one could take the least umbrage at your persistence. It was always a great pleasure to confer with you and follow your suggestions, and you enlisted the cordial support andsympathy of my office force. Mrs. Clapp is here in Paris with me now, and I am dictating your letter to her. If she writes this part of it, you will know that she sends her cordial regards. If she omits it, you will never be the wiser. Remember me most cordially to your associates in the suffrage work, particularly Dr. Shaw and Mrs. Catt, who have stood up in bold relief in this campaign which has been finally successful. My work here is interesting and brings me in touch with many interesting and intelligent people of various races. A large part of my work has been to sell relief supplies to the so-called liberated nations. It is impossible to state now when the work will be finished. Meanwhile I shall watch with the greatest interest the progress of ratification in the United States. If I were in your place, I should not assume much responsibility xxx or undertake much hard work so far as ratification is concerned. It willfollow speedily and inevitably. Sincerely yours, (signed) Henry F. Hollis Note from E.L.Stantial During the suffrage campaign, Hollis was Senator from New Hampshire and was always a friend to the cause. spare us this - This was sent all over Texas too E. A. B. SHALL HISTORY REPEAT ITSELF? The great danger of all Federal Amendments to the South. Under a Republican Administration, sure to come in time, this negro policeman may be appointed from Washington to enforce our laws--and then? WHERE WOMEN VOTE A conference between white women and negro policemen at a 2nd ward polling place which helped to elect Chicago's new negro alderman over a "white hope" saloon keeper, selected by the suffragists. [*AUG 9 - 1928 Send to Associated Press.*] Eight years ago today, the 19th Amendment of the Federal Constitution was proclaimed granting the vote to every woman, twenty-one years of age, born or naturalized in the United States. Now people ask, what good has it done? Ten results, outstanding and beyond contention, may be recorded. 1. An end of the controversy in our own country, "Shall Women Vote?" The proclamation freed the public mind to think of other things; it liberated a million or more men and women workers for other purposes and turned to other uses the campaign funds of pro-suffrage and anti-suffrage forces. 2. The discussions in the woman movement have changed ground. In Europe men ask when will the few remaining self-governing countries extend the vote to their women, since half of the nations of the world have done so. In the United States women ask, how does it happen that in former aristocratic European nations no many more women are elected to City Councils and National Parliaments than in this country whose boast is democratic action. 3. Through the removal of political discrimination women here and elsewhere experience a higher degree of self-respect and dignity. 4. Women register, vote and participate in the performance of political duties in increasing and satisfactory numbers. 5. Responsibility toward public questions is permeating organizations of women as manifested by discussions, resolutions and action bearing upon political issues, all positively taboo before the vote was granted. 6. Politicians and parties express a greater respect for women's opinions in Legislative and Congressional action, and political platforms. Page 2 7. None of the calamities forecasted by opponents have happened, whereas the only thing predicted by leaders of the suffrage campaign has happened; that is, a distribution of responsibility for the common welfare among all the people instead of resting upon half the people. 8. The inevitable controversy following the extention of the vote; that is, what place shall women hold in political parties and legislative bodies, has gone forward at full tilt and all women agree that progress is noted but conclusions unestablished. 9. A notable improvement in the conduct of elections with women almost universally employed as part of local election boards. 10. The present international action toward the renunciation of war and the prohibition planks in the two dominant party platforms are generally acknowledged as due in part to the presence of women voters in the constituencies. The Susan B. Anthony Amendment has been reconsidered in the judiciary committee and submitted to the following sub-committee which is to report back to the Juci[d]ciary Committee on March 28th. Up till that date as many letters as possible should be sent to these seven men who compose the sub-committee. CHARLES C. CARLIN JOSEPH TAGGART WARREN GARD RICHARD S. WHALEY ANDREW J. VOLSTEAD JOHN M. NELSON DICK T. MORGAN MODEL FOR LETTERS It is well to vary these a little. Hon.____________ House Office Building, Washington D.C. Dear Sir: We respectfully urge you to work for prompt and favorable action upon the Susan B. Anthony Amendment to the end that it may come to a vote in the House at the earliest possible date. Very truly yours, New York League of Women Voters 1625 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., July 31st, 1925 Release FIVE YEARS OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE Five years ago on August 26th the proclamation of the ratification of the Woman Suffrage Amendment was signed. Tennessee after a most dramatic fight during a two weeks' special session of the legislature, had at last accepted the amendment, making the thirty-sixth state, and Mrs. Everett Colby, secretary of state, sat up all night at Washington that he might sign the proclamation the instant the certificate should come from Tennessee. The League of Women Voters is planning celebrations of this anniversary throughout the whole country. In this state the League is particularly lucky in having the great leaders in that victory, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt and Miss Mary Garrett Hay, within reach. They live close by New York City on their little farm in Westchester. A luncheon will be given in New York City in their honor. Miss Ruth Morgan, head of the National League of Women Voters' committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, Mrs. Gordon Norrie, Mrs. Raymond Brown, Mrs. Norman deR. Whitehouse and Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach, being the committee in charge. At four o'clock on that day Mrs. Catt will speak over the WEAF on "The Next Step", that is, what women, now that they have the suffrage, must do for the good of the world. Mrs. Leach, chairman for New York on Miss Morgan's committee on International Cooperation, is arranging with the assembly district leaders of the L. W. V. throughout this state and in Greater New York, for radio teas in honor of the former suffrage workers of each locality. These parties will be held at houses where a radio is installed and the guests will gather in time to hear Mrs. Catt. Among those who will be especially in this anniversary are (see page 2) New York League of Women Voters -2- 7-31-21 ALBANY COUNTY: Miss Grace Reavy, Cohoes; Mrs. E. V. Colbert, Albany BROOME: Miss Lillian Huffcut, Binghamton; Mrs. Frank Perry and Mrs. E. H. Bartoo of Binghamton; CATTARAUGUS: Mrs. Katherine Bradley and Mrs. Emma Tucker of Olean; CHAUTAUQUA: Mrs. Joseph Reiger, Dunkirk; CAYUGA: Miss Isabel Howland, Miss Sarah Wadsworth and Mrs. Charles A. Wright of Auburn; CHEMUNG: Mrs. George Pickering, Mrs. J. Sloet Fassett and Mrs. Robert Nichol of Elmira; CORTLAND: Mrs. S. Sherwood, Cortlandt; DELAWARE: Mrs. Henry White Cannon, Delhi; DUCHESS: Mrs. Gordon Norris, Miss Ruth Morgan, Staatsburg; Mrs. Joel E. Spingarn, Amenia; Miss M. Tabor, Pawling; Dr. Grace Kimball, Miss Alice Snyder, Miss Mary Hinckley and Miss Laura Wylie of Poughkeepsie; ERIE: Mrs. Frank J. Shuler, Mrs. Melvin Porter, Mrs. Frank Williams, Miss Elizabeth Olmstead, Miss Helen Rogers, Mrs. Theo. Wright, Mrs. Frank A. Abbott and Mrs. Dexter P. Rumsey of Buffalo; ESSEX: Mrs. George Notman, Keene Valley; FRANKLIN: Miss Katherine Cushman, Fort Covington; Miss Mary F. Pierce, Moira; Mrs. Eugene Delamater, Saranac Lake; Mrs. J. C. Stockwell, Malone; GREENE: Mrs. Frank Van Loon, Athens, Mrs. William S. Murray, Catskill; HERKIMEP: Miss Zaida Zoller, Little Falls; JEFFERSON: Miss Elizabeth Babcock, Watertown; Mrs. Francis Lamon, Watertown; LEWIS: Mrs. H. D. Cornwall, Beaver Falls; LONG ISLAND: Mrs. Raymond Brown, Plandome; Mrs. Frederick Edey, Bellport; Mrs. Ruth Litt, Patchogue; Mrs. E. Sammis, Babylon; Miss Katherine C. Peterson, Smithtown; Mrs. Charles L. Tiffany, Oyster Bay; Mrs. John Ward, Babylon; MADISON: Mrs. Pierrepont Noyes, Kenwood; Mrs. Maud Allen, Oneida City; Dr. Lavinia Davis, Oneida; Mrs. Edwin Parks, Oneida City; MONROE: Mrs. Helen Probst Abbott, Mrs. Emma B. Sweet, Mrs. Frank W. Ross, Mrs. Bert Van Wie, Miss Anna Brewster, Mrs. A. C. Clement, of Rochester; NEW YORK CITY: Miss Mary Garrett Hay, Mrs. F. Louis Slade, Mrs. Thomas B. Wells, Mrs. Charles L. Tiffany, Mrs. Richard Aldrich, Mrs. Leonard Elmhirst, Mrs. John Blair, Mrs. Ogden Reid, Mrs. Norman de R. Whitehouse, Mrs. James Lees Laidlaw, Miss Mary Dreier, Mrs. H. Edward Dreier, Mrs. Frederick L. Cranford, Mrs. Mary Loines, Mrs. William G. Willcox, Mrs. Halsey Wilson, Miss Eliza Macdonald, Mrs. Howard Mansfield; ONEIDA COUNTY, Mrs. New York League of Women Voters -3- 7-31-25 Utica; Samuel Bens/ Miss Janet Price, Rome; Mrs. James Leahy, Utica; Miss Ida Butcher, Mrs. John Manion, Miss Lucy Watson, and Miss Mary D. Hoplind of Utica; ONONDAGA: Mrs. H. C. Beatty, Skaneateles; Miss Emma Beard, Fayetteville; Miss Louise Roberts, Miss Marjorie Trump, Mrs. H. W. Chapin, Mrs. Burt Williams, Miss Harriet May Mills, Mrs. William F. Canough, Mrs. Lieber H. Whittic and Mrs. Mary Hyde Andrews of Syracuse; ONTARIO: Miss Mary Gray Peck, Clifton Springs; Mrs. Alfred G. Lewis, Geneva; ORANGE: Mrs. Edward Thompson, Newburgh; Mrs. Frederick Seward, Jr., Goshen; OSWEGO: Mrs. Luther W. Mott, Oswego; Mrs. C. O. Seabring, Oswego; RENSSELAER: Miss Evanetta Hare, Troy; SARATOGA: Miss Kathryn H. Starbuck, Saratoga Springs, ST. LAWRENCE: Mrs. Robert Ford, Canton; SENECA: Mrs. Benjamin Franklin, Ovid; TOMPKINS: Mrs. F. E. Bates, Ithaca; ULSTER: Miss Grace Robert, Highland; Mrs. John Searing, Kingston; WARREN: Mrs. C. J. Nordstrom, Lake George; WASHINGTON: Mrs. Willis G. Mitchell, Hudson Falls; WESTCHESTER: Mrs. Arthur Livermore, Yonkers; Mrs. Frank A. Vanderlip, Scarborough; Mrs. F. H. Bethell, Scarsdale; Mrs. William Belknap, Oscawana; Miss Sarah McPike; Miss M. Louise Gross, Harrison; Mrs. Daniel O'Day, Rye; Mrs. Sophie Schuyler Dey, Pelham; Mrs. Carl Osterheld, Yonkers; WYOMING: Mrs. Ella Crossett, Warsaw; YATES: Mrs. Frankie G. Merson, Keuka; Mrs. Alex. R. Thompson, Penn Yan; Mrs. F. W. Upson, Dandee. National League of Women Voters 1010 Grand Central Terminal Building New York, N.Y. August 1925 Release Monday Aug. 17, 1925 5th ANNIVERSARY OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE. The luncheon to be held on August 26th at the Women's City Club in honor of Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt and Miss Mary Garrett Hay will be at one and the same time a celebration of the ratification of the federal suffrage amendment and of the alignment of women in support of World Peace and will have many dramatic features. It will bring together for the first time since the suffrage victory in New York State in 1917 the group who were responsible for that victory. It will revive memories of the two great parades in 1915 and 1917. It will remind all those who took part in the determined but unsuccessful campaign of 1915 that within a fortnight after that defeat at the polls Cooper Union was crowded at a meeting which pledged a hundred thousand dollars to the expenses of the new campaign. It will be remembered how a million signatures of women asking for the vote were obtained in New York State and how these names were carried through the streets of New York just before the election of 1917. The protagonists in that long struggle will meet again. All the living presidents of the New York State Suffrage Association will be present if humanly possible. The leaders in the New York League of Women Voters who after the New York Victory worked for the ratification of the suffrage amendment will also be present and added to those will be representatives of the other great women's organizations who joined last winter in the Washington Conference on the Cause and Cure of War and who have endorsed the World Court with the Harding-Hughes Reservations, these organizations are American Association of University Women Council of Women for Home Missions Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of No.Amer. General Federation of Women's Clubs Natl. Board of the Y.W.C.A. Natl. Council of Jewish Women Natl. League of Women Voters Natl. W.C.T.U. National Women's Trade Union League Among the individuals who are expected to be present are: Mrs. Samuel Bens, Pres. N.Y.S.Committee for Law Enforcement Mrs. Frederick Edey, Ch'mn., Nat'l Field Comm. Girl Scouts Miss Elizabeth Hauser, Sec., Nat'l League of Women Voters Mrs. Helen Leavitt, N.Y.Tribune Miss Mabel Leslie, Women's Trade Union League Miss Annie Mathews. Registrar N.Y.County 2 Miss Christine Merriman, Foreign Policy Assn. Mrs. Alice Duer Miller, well known writer Miss Harriet May Mills, Chairman of the N.Y.S.Suffrage Assn. 1910-1913 Mrs. Edgerton Parsons, Pres.N.Y.Branch Amer.Assn. of University Women Mrs. Gifford Pinchot, Wife of the Governor of Pennsylvania Mrs. F. Louis Slade, Chairman of the N.Y. League of Women Voters Mrs. Frank A. Vanderlip, former chairman N.Y. League of Women Voters Mrs. Halsey Wilson, Recording Sec. National Amer. Woman Suffrage Assn. The past, present and future of the Woman Movement will thus be joined in a manner which should serve as an object lesson to those who from any point of view have been interested in the results of the introduction of women into the political life of the country. Following the luncheon Mrs. Catt will speak over the radio from Station WEAF on The Next Step. Radio Teas will be held throughout New York and the neighboring states. The Committee in charge of the luncheon is composed of Mrs. Gordon Norrie, Chairman of the Federation of Progressive Women Mrs. Norman deR. Whitehouse, President of the N.Y.S. Woman Suffrage Party 1915-1917 Mrs. Raymond Brown, Pres. N.Y. Woman Suffrage Assn. 1913-1914 and now Managing Director of the Woman Citizen Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach, Ch.N.Y. League of Women Voters Committee on International Cooperation Miss Ruth Morgan, Chairman Nat'l League of Women Voters Com. on International Cooperation NATIONAL LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS 1010 Grand Central Terminal Building New York City August 8, 1925. August twenty-sixth is the anniversary of the ratification of the Federal Suffrage Amendment. We propose to celebrate that event and , at the same time, the present cooperation of women for peace. The National League of Women Voters plans to do honor in every state to the former suffrage leaders. In this state we are particularly fortunate in having the great leaders in that field, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt and Miss Mary Garrett Hay, within reach. A luncheon in their honor will be given in New York City at the Women's City Clubs at one o'clock. Mrs. Catt will speak on The Next Step. Luncheon tickets are $1.50 and we earnestly hope that you will be able to be present. Sincerely yours, Maragret Norrie, Agnes Leach, Vira Whitehouse, Gertrude Foster Brown, Ruth Morgan, Luncheon Committee. NEW YORK LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS ROOM 1625 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL BUILDING NEW YORK TELEPHONE MURRAY HILL 6862 CHAIRMAN MRS. F. LOUIS SLADE VICE-CHAIRMEN MRS. HENRY GODDARD LEACH MRS. WILLIAM C. WARREN MRS. LIVINGSTON FARRAND TREASURER MRS. THOMAS B. WELLS RECORDING SECRETARY MRS. THOMAS J. GODDARD DIRECTORS MRS. CHARLES L. TIFFANY 1ST REGION MRS. WILLIAM ANSLEY 2ND REGION MRS. JOSEPH GAVIT 3RD REGION MRS. ROBERT FORD 4TH REGION MISS ELIZABETH HUDSON 5TH REGION MRS. GEORGE M. DIVEN 6TH REGION MRS. WILLIAM E. WERNER 7TH REGION MRS. MELVIN PORTER 8TH REGION MRS. CASPAR WHITNEY 9TH REGION MRS. WM. SPENCER MURRAY 10TH REGION MISS KATHRYN STARBUCK 11TH REGION MRS. SAMUEL BENS 12TH REGION BOROUGH CHAIRMEN NEW YORK CITY MRS. G.W. GARLAND, JR. MRS. F.O. AFFELD, JR. MRS. WILLIAM MASON SMITH MRS. LESLIE J. TOMPKINS STANDING COMMITTEES EFFICIENCY IN GOVERNMENT MRS. H.R. HAYES FINANCE MRS. W.L. WRIGHT INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION MRS. HENRY GODDARD LEACH LEGISLATION MRS. IRENE OSGOOD ANDREWS NEW VOTERS SECTION MRS. EDGERTON PARSONS ORGANIZATION MRS. CASPAR WHITNEY PUBLICITY MRS. C. ALFRED FOSTER SOCIAL HYGIENE MRS. RICHARD BILLINGS WOMEN IN INDUSTRY MISS NELLIE SWARTZ FIELD SECRETARIES MISS ANNA SHEPARD MISS OLIVE WILLIAMS EDITOR "WEEKLY NEWS" mISS EVELINE W. BRAINERD OFFICE MANGER MRS. MABEL RUSSELL July 24th, 1925 Dear As doubtless you know, August 26th is the anniversary of the ratification of the federal suffrage amendment. On that date the National League of Women Voters is planning to do honor to the old suffrage leaders of the country. Mrs. Catt will speak over the radio from WEAF, New York City, at four o'clock on the afternoon of August 26th, and we think it would be nice to have radio teas held all through the state to which the old suffrage leaders and other interested members of the League of Women Voters may be invited to listen to Mrs. Catt's speech. Her topic will be "The Next Step." Realizing that there will be wide interest in Mrs. Catt's view of what is the next duty of the women citizens of this land, I write to know whether you would be able to assemble a group of women for tea on that afternoon at some house in your district in which there is a radio. We are eager to have as much publicity as possible for the event and we hope that you will be able to secure the interest and support of the newspapers in your district. Will you let me know at your earliest convenience what you will be able to do to further this celebration? We shall very much appreciate your cooperation in these plans. With all good wishes to you, I am, Sincerely yours, Agnes Leach (Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach) Vice-chairman Katriana Ely Tiffany (Mrs. Charles L. Tiffany) Director, First Region [2nd page] MRS. C.(fill) C. CATT ON THE LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS We have come to a point now where the opposition to the League of Women Voters is significant. The opposition comes largely from the political parties. They wish women to enroll and merge all their future in the party of their choice, owe to it all their allegiance without reservation. They oppose the League of Women Voters on the ground that it will keep women out of the parties and thereby lose for them a new source of power, new biddable voters. We are at a turn of the road. For over 60 years we have struggled to get the vote. No great movement in government has ever succeeded (until it was adopted by a polit party.) We gained the vote when both political parties adopted our cause. We have stood outside the parties and appealed to them from outside for 60 years. Shall we still stay outside and appeal to them? The only way in this country to accomplish anything governmental is from the inside. More and more power is being concentrated in the hands of the political parties. It is not a questio of whether they should be powerful or not. They are. Their power may be built up from selfish interests on a foundation of indifference or ignorance on the part of the average voter. But the power is there. You will have to get ((crossed out) what you want from inside and) ((crossed out) insideto get what you) insider work for what you want. We have just observed the western states where women have had the vote for some years. Western governors did not at once call special sessions to ratify the suffrage amendment. They took on a peculiar attitude "let us see if the suffragists can get enough states to ratify. We'll all ratify lst. Our ten or twelve states where we always have believed in suffrage will of course ratify when we are needed." The important thing developed was that the women in those states could not get the special sessions without a good deal of effort and until outside help had been brought in to organize their effort. Women inside the parties were in the position of ladies' auxiliaries. The Republican women in Republican states did not have the machinery to pull together. This will happen in the future if women do not go into the parties with something more than a "me too" attitude. (new paragraph symbol) Once inside the parties we shall again meet a familiar form of strife. It has taken 60 years of effort to persuade men to believe in the capacity of women to vote. Having achieved that does not mean that all men are convinced that women can do things as well as men. They will say "administration if man's sphere." The mass of women are hesitant, timid and fearful to use the brain and ability and conscience they have. They allow men to plan and put through whatever they like. Women in the parties must be more independent than men. They must dare to fight for what they believe is right. This is where the struggle inside the parties will come. Mrs. Catt says "For 30 years I have worked with women - I cannot direct this (new) struggle. Since I cannot, I can ((crossed out) hardly) only advise you. I can only warn you. The struggle will be there. Do no let the reactionaries go inside to strengthen the reactionary men and leave you helpless outside. -2- In every party and state there is an inner struggle between progressive and reactionaries. [*Political*] Action always is a result of compromise between the two. Inside parties you will always find progressives - join them." "Having the vote isn't going to bring the millenium at once. Inside the parties you will find yourselves in a political penumbra like the men. You will find yourself flattered, cajoled and led about in a happy ignorance that you are helpless. Deeper in you will find an inner umbra. It is there that the real work is done, the candidates made the policies decided. That's where you must go. In the center is a door locked tight. You will have a long hard struggle to get inside." "The League of WomenVoters must get legislation through. To do that you must be in the parties. I have [one] 2 fear[*s*] for the League of Women Voters. [*One*] There is an incubus across the path that is dangerous. It is partizanship. One kind of partizanship makes you join the party that you believe can put through what you believe in. That kind leads the world forward. The other kind makes you join the Republican or Democratic party because your father or grandfather belonged to it. You don't know what is in your platform - nobody does because it is a new world not. But whatever is in it you are for it blindly. You think all virtue and wisdom is in your party. This kind of partisanship blinds the sight and paralyses the judgement of anyone who [believes] has it. ¶ Women who have worked side by side for many years for suffrage are now beginning to look askance at each other as if they had an epidemic. The thing to do is to educate yourselves for citizenship - non-partizan and all partizan- all must be friends and work shoulder to shoulder for the same ends. The Republicans of New Hampshire and the Democrats of Alabama must get into their parties and work together as friends. You must convert your parties to have confidence in your program. One man in 25 will perhaps understand how you can accomplish it. This is another danger. They will try to discourage you. The suffragists in the last 50 years have done more to keep the flag of principles of independence and the constitution before the people than any [one else] other influence. I hope that the League of Women Voters (which cannot be made up only of constitution and bylaws) will teach this nation that there is something higher than standing pat. ¶ Another danger that we face is this - the Suffragists have had an ingrowing time lately. Victory has been becoming easier. There has been less thrill than in the days of hard struggle. We are growing conservative. There is a danger that the League of Women Voters will be too timid and too conservative. You are useless if you trail along behind the parties five years. If the League of Women Voters hasn't a vision of what ought to come five years ahead, don't begin. The League of Women voters must sail between the Scylla of partizanship which will tear from us our members, and the Chrybdis of conservatism. My confidence is high in the moral purpose and the conscience of this body and I see before you a glorious success. [*add - Mrs. Catt also thinks that a*] [One] danger in the parties is the principle of so-called "party loyalty" that the men are trying to inculcate into the new women voters. They are trying to impress on us the necessity of accepting -3- blindly the platforms and candidates dictated from the locked room. Women whose conscience and intelligence warn them against either, need feel no compunction in voting against the party dictates when their sense of right so demands. The most blindly loyal groups under the party machines desert their party candidates when ordered to. The defeat of outstandingly independent candidates in districts where their own party was overwhelmingly dominant is evidence of the flexibility of "party-loyalty". It becomes rather machine loyalty when one machine prescribes for its voters the support of a machine candidate of the opposite party in order to protect from [too much] a too, independent [the machine system] candidate. 303 Fifth Av Ny C. L. N. V. November 4, 1927 DEAR FELLOW SUFFRAGISTS: Allow me to join with you in our common expression of joy and gratitude that the great campaign for Woman Suffrage lies behind us. We are told that women lack political acumen. Probably they do! As time goes on I am deeply impressed with the yawning chasm where political sagacity of men ought to be. The truth is, there is precious little political intelligence in the [rank] race. There is little vision, courage, understanding, sense of duty, and comprehension of collective service. The facts are that a new and different education in political action is needed. The times are calling for it. The political parties are timid. The politicians muddle and the voters follow as best they can. Somebody, somewhere, some time, must declare for an entirely new deal. This will [reform] be the reform of the future. It was agrandold battle we had and expecially in those last years when triumph perpetually perched upon our banner and each woman knew that victory was as certain as the rising of the sun. My mind goes further back to the time when the date of triumph was not so certain. Those were dull times but had women not carried the faith those days there would have been no triumphal years at the end. Joy be with you tonight. You were all glorious soldiers in a glorious cause, and whether anybody else knows that you gave agreat and mighty contribution to the cause of civilization, please be assured that you did, and never [y ] forget it. Tell your children ig you have any, your brothers' and sisters' children if you haven't. Let your family and your friends know that you were a herione in one of the world's greatest revolutions. Each of you should have a [xxx] medal, a badge of honor, and bye and bye a special message over your grave. Long after your dust may be mouldering the world will understand that these things should have been yours. Never mind the honor. You did not work for it. Be glad that one job is done. Face the future and do not be afraid of the work that remains for you to do. Blessings on you each and all. CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT National League of Women Voters, Release August 26th, 1925 1010 Grand Central Terminal Building. Four o'clock New York, N.Y. RADIO ADDRESS made by Carrie Chapman Catt August 26, 1925 Five years ago today the women of the United States, one and all, became voters. Through the ratification of the nineteenth amendment, the process prescribed by the Federal constitution was completed and from the status of political nonentities women were promoted to that of responsible citizens. From that moment women, equally with men, became accountable for all action of our government, local, state and nation. They became equal arbiters of all political policies, problems and propaganda - inescapably equal creators of the destiny of a great nation. For five years women have been legal voters, but there have, as yet, been only four elections and in most states only two general elections. Yet there are many who, in somewhat dictatatorial tones, are demanding an accounting. "What have you women achieved?" they ask, and answer "You have only doubled the vote." "What good has woman suffrage wrought? None, it has changed nothing." "Women are losing their womanliness, children are unguarded and men 'reduced' to an equality with women" are fast losing their masculine virility. In fact, the country is started "to the dogs" and now that women have the vote, nothing can stay its arrival at that dire destiny." Well, women of America, what say we? The first achievement of woman suffrage is one no anti-suffragist can comprehend. The enfranchisement of women freed the minds and the energies of thousands of women for other tasks. No reactionary can ever understand the moral urge which transforms an ordinary citizen into a crusader who can neither rest nor pause until his ideal is achieved. That urge had made hundreds of women clear their lives of all impediments to continual action. They were minute women on perpetual duty. Behind them were thousands who served much but not all the time, and behind those were millions who served some. Had all the leaders and most consecrated workers in 1920 been packed into a great ship and Radio address - C. C. C. 2 dumped at sea, it would have checked the movement a bit, but another staff of leaders and workers would have emerged shortly and the movement would have gone forward at full swing. Had shipload after shipload been sunk at sea, the process would have been repeated for the obligation rested upon the women as a whole and the urge would have borne them on to the end, whatever the date. We, and all the millions who would have taken our places had there been delay, are mustered out of that service, liberated from a daily driving task. For us, this is the first and the most cheerful fact to celebrate. What have we women suffragists, freed from our former task, done with out time and energies these past five years? Apparently the non-observer has not noticed, but we still"carry on". When a cause, great or small, is caught out of the clouds and crystalized into law, it never follows that the minority who have opposed it are either convinced or satisfied. Those people continue to say that all the things they predicted are true. They continue to hate the cause and those who espoused it. Most politicians were reluctant converts to woman suffrage and returned to their former attitude of resistence. More, people have a way of thinking in "water tight compartments", and granting the vote did not mean to many an old time party leader that women would have, in consequence, a say about nominations, party policies or platforms, and he "stands pat" to see that they confine their political liberty to voting the ticket and platform which has been picked out by a few of the party elect in a hotel bedroom. This is no more acceptable to the woman of spirit and intelligence than it is to the man similarly equipped. Liberated from one struggle, a large number of women find themselves brought in conflict with the same opponents as before who now prevent the normal operation of woman suffrage. If there is any reason for discouragement because women voters in two general elections have not proved sufficiently omnipotent to move the affairs of this nation forward a quarter of a century, it may be found in this fact. The minority, stubbornly unconvertible, resisting, obstructing, is still here. Most of these men and women will never change their minds. They can't. There is nothing exceptional Radio address CCC 3 in this fact, it has been true of all movements. The cause must wait for its real test till majority and minority pass on. Those who come after accept an established fact as such, the resistance gradually disappears and cooperation to make the cause an effective factor in civilization comes. Meantime, the chief business of all progressive women is to carry forward education for equal rights and opportunities in politics, in industry, in social reform, in the church, in business, in education, in the arts and the sciences. That we are now in this second stage and our education going strong, is the second reason for rejoicing today. But there are gratifying, concrete results already. Women who are a credit to our claims are serving in high places. As legislators, Congresswomen, judges, administration officials and chiefs of important bureaus, Federal and State. Election Day has been literally transformed in most states by the presence of women as election officials and voters. The insistence by long headed women that party platform pledges shall be kept is in a satisfactory stage of agitation. Corrupt or incompetent rings or cliques here and there have been broken up, sometimes by the initiative and always by the aid of women. Nowhere has any unexpected obstacle appeared and everywhere resistence is receding. There has been no change in woman, none in man - both have merely acquired a different and a fairer, less biased viewpoint toward life and its problems. We women should be very happy to live in this period when we are privileged to see the spirit of all things grow more smiling toward us. There is nothing in sight to worry about. Meanwhile let us work toward the fulfillment of those old ideals, yet not forget that time is passing and that we are now accountable. Let us overlook the criticisms, doubts and worries of the unconverted trusting to time to take care of them and let us do the duty of this day. I pray you, women of America, look backward over the ages and observe the status of your sex. Once, without a question, women were the equals of men, but while mankind was yet in a primitive stage, women were gradually reduced to a subjection and tutelage from which Radio Address CCC 4 they very painfully struggled up to the present. They were robbed of property, wages, inheritance, education, freedom of thought or speech and rights over their children. What wrought this tragic change? War. If you are unfamiliar with that long, curious and brutal history, I commend its study to you and I predict that you will find it the most amazing and engaging revelation of your lifetime. What kept women in a continual state of subjection century after century? War. What was the most potent argument the opposition advanced against the liberation of women? That war would always be, and that women could not not fight and therefore must not vote. For a few months after the close of the Great War, the spirit of generosity, usual at such moments, was in control and under its influence the women of half the world were enfranchised. Then the door closed and a state of pessimism, disorder, conflicting opinions, frayed tempers, nervous anxiety, possessed the world. Not much movement forward can be forced during such a time and it will last for years, gradually tapering off into normality. These are symptoms of after war psychology as unfailing as a rash with the measles. It is no wonder that human character and human institutions have evolved so slowly. Progress is periodically estopped first by war and then by the reaction of the peace that follows. Just now the cost of living is higher than at any time in our history. Taxes are higher than this nation has ever paid. "Terrifying crime" is more prevalent than it has ever been and over and under it all is a nervous sense of premonition of something dreadful about to befall us. These are super-conditions which must be borne in addition to all the burdens that normally come to a people. They are merely the normal and the inevitable aftermath of war. It is not good sense, therefore, to attack first of all the cause of causes of distress instead of attempting to treat the effects. Get rid of war and progress will eventually proceed to amble onward without a continual shout of whoa from the war makers. We may even dream that in time men and women will obey the ten commandments by instinct and live up to the Sermon on the Mount. How can war be abolished? The way will not be easy, but when Radio Address CCC 5 the brain reserve of the world puts itself to the task it can and willbe done. A minority now all the world around believe it can be done and are determined that it shall be done. Another and probably a larger minority is as certain that it can never be accomplished and is determined to block every effort of the other minority. Between the two stand the great majority, thinking, heeding, caring nothing except for the episodes of daily life. In which of the three groups are you standing? I have enlisted in the smaller minority. I want to stand up and be counted there. Some day that minority will be the big majority. Already the movement has attained that virility, that certainty of being right, that unconquerable spirit, that marks all movements scheduled to win. The day of triumph may be afar off; the struggle may be harsh; another way may intervene. Yet for better or worse, for whatever may come, men and women have enlisted as minute men ready on call for any duty, just as we women were five years ago. Suppose, after an absence, you returned to your home to find it had been raided by burglars, the contents of your bureau drawers and trunks and ice box dumped upon the floors and an open-water faucet rapidly reducing the whole to a hopeless ruin. What would you do first? All but the feeble minded would turn off the faucet as the first step toward order. War is an open faucet dumping upon the work tables of the world's citizens continual new and ever more disturbing tasks. Why not turn it off and save ourselves all that extra work? That is good, hard, common sense, isn't it? How shall we proceed? That happens to be an easy question at this particular moment. Let your senators know that you and your societies, communities, churches and friends want this country to become a member of the World Court. It will come up for discussion in the United States Senate December 17th. There are six chief reasons why I am for the World Court. 1. It is obviously the easiest step at this moment to take toward permanent peace because the President and the platforms of both political parties are for it. Most of the press and almost all important organizations have endorsed it. Surely we may say that the most important of these is the National Bar Association. When Radio Address-CCC 6 [?I am?] great lawyers agree upon an idea within their sphere of activity there cannot be much that is wrong with it. All the forces in the country in which I have most confidence are for the Court and so I join with them. 2. I am for the Court because it is almost a replica of an institution with which we are all acquainted and whose value as an influence for the peaceful settlement of disputes we all know - the Supreme Court of the United States. 3. It is an American idea. Nearly a century ago such a Court was proposed by Americans in Europe as a machinery for the prevention of war and the agitation in its behalf has been unceasing. A World Court has been the hope of our presidents and out parties for the past twenty-five years. It is now an established fact with forty-eight nation members. Why are we not in it then? Solely because it was finally set up by the League of Nations instead of the United States. Did you ever know man or woman, boy or girl, to start something and then withdraw in sulks when someone else took the lead away? What you thought about that person is what nations, great and small, are thinking about us. Are we not moral minded enough to come out of the sulks? Those who are affrighted by the connection of Court to League have no cause for anxiety other than their own overwrought imaginations, because the Hughes, Harding-Coolidge reservations disconnect the Court from the League so far as this nation is concerned. 4. This nation, without membership in the Court, may, if it chooses, avail itself of its services and bring a case before it, but there is something humiliatingly pusillanimous in the richest nation on earth accepting benefits by charity while forty-eight poorer ones pay the bill for keeping up the Court. I do not approve of charity for rich beggars. 5. The only harm the World Court could possibly do would be to give an occasional wrong decision. As it is certain to be composed of the very best legal minds in the world, this is not likely to happen, but even so, the good it will achieve cannot fail to be Radio Address - CCC 7 enormous. There it will stand through coming centuries, a conservative institution which invites by its existence and world confidence, all the peoples of earth to strip their troubles of hate, spite and suspicion and had over the bare cause of disagreement to this court of calm minded, learned, impartial, great men. Surely in loose terms, the secret of the way to perennial peace must be in the substitution of Courts for battlefield as arbiters of dispute. In time, the habit of going to court instead of to war will be established. Let us start the habit. 6. The world has reason to fear that this nation intends to hold itself aloof from the efforts to arrive at a means for establishing permanent peace. A membership in the World Court would establish confidence that we mean to help not hinder. Do you recall that when Pershing arrived with those first troops in Paris, he visited the grave of Lafayette and placing a wreath upon it, he said, while an audience waited for a speech, "Lafayette, we are here." Do you remember how those simple words "rang around the world" heartening the Allies? The burdens of sixty odd war-weary nations will be lightened when Uncle Sam says: Men and women, we've joined too. Let me repeat my reasons for the World Court: 1. Membership is an easy first step toward peace. 2. It is an institution with which we are acquainted. 3. The World Court is an American idea and proposal. 4. The richest nation in the world should help pay the bills of this first real World Court. 5. It will contribute enormously toward world peace. 6. It will give evidence to the world that this nation means to co-operate with other nations to gain peace. Let us turn off the faucet of war, spilling its filth and messiness over our political work tables, women of America, and as you turn, thank God every minute that you have the ballot to use as a wrench if the turning is hard. [*Yes √ *] Letters & Telegrams of Invitation for Aug. 26th 1925 [*No x *] Miss Margaret Alexander, 289 - 4th Ave., xMrs. Helen Probst Abbott, 1599 Highland Ave., Rochester Mrs. Wm. Ansley, Port Washington, LI. Mrs. Wm Atwater, Westhampton Beach, LI [Allen, Mrs Maud, Oneida City Madison Co] [*duplicate*] xAndrews, Mrs Mary Hyde, 202 Highland Ave., Syracuse Allen, Mrs. Grosvanor, Kenwood, Oneida Sta, NY Affeld, Jr, mrs F O, 4 New Dollar Lane, Nantucket, Mass √Aimer, Mrs. J.B., 627 East 23rd St., Brooklyn xAldrich, Mrs. Richard, 317 West 74th St. Balch, Mrs. Adeliade, Atlantic Highlands, N.J. xMiss Eliz Babcock, 15 Park Ave., [*Williamston*] [T]Mrs F E Bates, Ithaca, NY Mrs Samuel Bens, Law Enf. Comm 600 Lexington [*letter 8/13*] xMrs. F H Bethell, Richbell Rd., Scarsdale, NY xMrs. John Blair, 507 Madison Ave., [*letter 8/13*] xMrs. Ella A Boole, 377 Parkside Ave., Bklyn. xBelknap, Mrs. Wm. Oscowana, NY Miss Rose Brenner Amityville, Box 648, LI √Mrs. Raymond Brown. 171 Madison Ave., xMrs E D Bush, 126 Hancock St., Brklyn [*away tele.*] x[??]s Wendell Bush, Apthorp Apts 79th & B'way. [*Wyoming*] x[*Miss*] Emma Bugbee, N.Y. Tribune. 400 W 118th St x[*Miss*] Elinor Byrns, 165 Broadway. [*abroad*] [*Miss*] K Deveraux Blake, 101 W. 85th St. [*?*]Mrs Geo Bacon, St. James, L.I., NY [*undecided*] Miss Helen O Brice, 3 East 80th St., B Cont'd Bartoo, Mrs E H, 102 Oak St., Minghamton Bradley, Mrs Katherine, 311 Laurens St Olean Butcher, Mids Ida, 412 Court St. Utica Beatty Mrs H C Skaneateles, Onondaga Co NY Beard, Miss Emma, Fayetteville, NY Blatch, Mrs Harriet S, Benedict, Mrs. William L., 960 Park Ave C Mrs Ida C Clark, 222 West 39th St., -Mrs Everett Colby llewellyn Park N.J. √Miss Nancy Cook, 171 West 12th St., √Mrs Frederick Cranford 479 Clinton Ave., Bklyn xMrs Ella H Crosset, Warsaw, N.Y. T[√x]Mrs Henry White Cannon, Delhi, N.Y. (288 Madison Ave) √Miss Eliz. Brownell Collier, 282 De Kalb Ave., Bklyn Miss Marie B Chapin, Dark Harbor, Me -Miss Mable Choate, 8 East 63rd St., N Y C Mrs Herbert Croly, 421 West 21st St., NYC Mrs Seymour Cromwell, 169 East 74th St., [*Rivardsville*] √Colbert, Mrs E V, 4 Kenmore Pl Albany Cushman, Miss K, Ft. Covington Franklin Co NY Cornwall, Mrs H D Beaver Falls, NY Clement Mrs A C, City Club, Rochester, NY -Chapin, Mrs H W, 973 James St, Syracuse, NY Canough, Mrs W F, 447 Allen St Syracuse, NY _______________ xDr. Katherine B Davis, 370 - 7th Ave., T - Mrs Isabelle De Angelis, Utica, NY Miss Sarah M Dean, 130 East 24th St., -Miss M. Dreier, 3 University Pl., NY [*Stonington, letter*] -Mrs Edw. Dreier, 35 Remsen St., Bklyn xMrs Belle de Rivers, Mountain Lakes NJ xMrs Walter Damrosch, 146 East 61st St., [*out of town*] Delamater, Mrs E. 82 Main St Saranac Lake Davis, Dr Lavinia Oneida, Madison Co NY xDey, Mrs S S , Pelham, N.Y. √Dean, Mrs. James Griswold, 850 Seventh Ave Doane, Dr Harriet M, Fulton, NY Drake, Miss Grace B, 130 57th St., [*42*] -Aimer, Mrs. J.B. -Angall, Miss + -Bean, Mrs.M. -Brown, Gertrude Foster (4) Catt, Mrs.Carrie Chapman + -Clephane, Mrs.M. -Colbert, Mrs.E.V. (2) -Collier,Miss (6) -Cook, Miss Nancy -Cranford, Mrs.Frederick L. -Cullen, Miss (2) -D arrach, Mrs.M. -D ean, Mrs.J.G. -de la Montayne,Marie Nndre -Davis, (N.Jersey) +[*pd*] [de Rivera, Belle] -Edey,Mrs.Frederick, (2) -Edgerton, Mrs.Wright [Fleming, Mrs. (N.J.)+] -Gerber, Miss [*Garland pd*] Greene,Mrs.Frederick [*+pd*] Gridley, Mrs.Sidney [*pd*] [Griesel, Nellie H.] -Griffith, Miss Hall, Mrs. [*pd*] Hay, Miss Mary Garrett + -Herrefeldt,Mrs.A. Kirchwey, Miss Freda [*pd*] [Kneubhwei, Miss Emily] [Knoblauch, Mrs. Charles] -Leavitt, Helen M. -M Lee, Miss Esther -Livermore,Mrs.Arthur -Loines,Mrs.Stephen -Lossee,Mrs.Charles [*45 43*] Mathews, Miss Annie [*+ pd*] -Macdonald,Eliza -McP ike,Miss Sarah -Merriman,Christina -Miller,Alice Duer -Morgan,Miss Ruth -Morris,Mrs.K.T. (2) -Norris, Mrws. Gordon -O'Day,Mrs.Daniel [(4)] [*3*] -Oliver,Mrs.Lillian F. (2) -Oppenheim,Mrs.L aurent -P arsons,Mrs.Edgerton (2) [*pd*]Peck,Miss M ary Gray + [*pd*] [Pinchet,M re.Gifford] -Potter,Miss Eva S. (2) -Rembaugh,Miss Bertha -Roberts,Miss Grace -Russell,Mrs.Mabel Schain,Miss Josephine -Sexton,Mrs.P eter -Shape,Mrs.Robert L. -S ternberger,Mrs.Estelle M. -Straus,Miss Henrietta -Strouse,Mrs.Hennie -Swars,Miss Nelle Thompson,Mrs.Lewis [(6)] [*pd*]Trowbridge,Mrs.Alexander [*pd*] -Villard,Fanny G. (3) -Wald,Miss Henrietta -Wadsworth, M rs.Sarah (2) -Wells,Mrs.Thomas B. [*pd*] Whitehouse,Mrs.Norman de R. + -Wilson,Mrs.Halsey W. -Winch,Mrs.Charles -Young,Miss Rose [*88*] -Tickets paid +Tickets in envelope Jan 15 19[?]4 The luncheon which took place today at the Women's City Club, to celebrate the fifth anniversary of the ratification of the Federal Suffrage Amendment and the present [?]oooperation of women for peace, filled the dining rooms of the club to overflowing. Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt and Miss. Mary Garrett Hay were the guests of honor. Among those present her Mrs. E. V. Colbert, Mrs. Frederick Edey, Mrs. Frederick Greene, Mrs. Arthur Livermore, Miss Annie Mathews, Alice Duer Miller, Mrs. Daniel O'Day, Mrs. Edgerton Parsons, Mrs. Giffor Pinchot, Mrs. Alexander Trowbridge, Mrs. Henry Villard, Mrs. Thomas B. Wills, and Miss Rose Young. Brief speeches were made by Mrs. Catt and Miss Hay and also by Mrs. Raymond Brown, Mrs. Norman Whitehouse, and Mrs . Gordon Norris. At four o'clock Mrs. Catt spoke over the radio as follows: ACCEPTANCES NOT PAID [*{] Catt, Mrs.C.C. [*61] [*}] [*{] Hay, Miss Mary Garrett [*62] [*}] Morgan, Miss Ruth [*63] Norrie, Mrs.Gordon [*64] Whitehouse, Mrs.Norman de R. [*65] Peck, Miss Mary Gray [*66] [Hau???, Miss. Elizabeth] [*[67]] [*pd] [Edey, Mrs. Frederick] (2) [*34 - 35] [*pd] [Mrs. Charles Knoblauch] [*36] [*pd] Livermore, Mrs.Arthur [*37] Parsons, Mrs.Edgerton (2) [*38 - 39] [*pd] [Wald, Miss Heneritta] [*40] [*pd] [Swartz Miss Nella] [*41] Kirchwey, Miss Freda [42] [*pd] [Wad?werth, Mrs. Sarah] (2) [*43 - 44] Schain , Miss Josephine [*60] [*p?] [Herrfeldt, Mrs.A.] [*70] [*{] [Collier, Miss Elizabeth] [*51] [*{] [Ehrenberg, Mrs.Cora] [*52] [*pd {] [Sheehan Mrs. [*53]] [*{] [Chapman, Mrs.Richard] [*54] [*{] [LeFevere, Mrs.Lillian [*55]] [*{] [Read, Mrs. May] [*56] [*pd] [Griffith, Miss M.Louise [*57]] [Celphane, Mrs.Malcolm [*58]] [Winoh, Mrs. James Farley [*59]] [*pd] [Cullen, Miss Ethel M.] (2) [*- 68 - 69] [*pd] [Aimer, Mrs.JB, [*71]] [*pd] [Dean, Mrs.Joseph Griswald [*72]] [*? Frederick Greene 83] UNDECIDED Mrs. Frank A. Vanderlip Mrs. George Bacon Mrs. E.C. Henderson Mrs. Lillian Flockert ___________________________________________________ Pd. Mrs. Wright Edgerton 74 Mrs. Hall 5. 64 pd 2 guests 11 not pd __________ 77 10 hafus (?) _____________________ 87 Mrs Lewis 2 1 1 C Con'td Campbell, Mrs. John, 118 Church St., Herkimer, NY Church, Miss Minnie I, Massena, N.Y. Childs, Mrs. Jessie H, 362 Riverside Dr., NYC Colvin, Mrs. D. Leigh, 661 W 179th St NYC Cram, Mrs. J Sargent, Chapman, Mrs. Richard, Clephane, Mrs. Malcolm, 114 E 40th St Cullen, Miss Ethel M D Cont'd Darrach, Mrs Marshall, 81 East Ave., Rochester, E Mrs. Horace Eaton, 332 Ostron Ave., Syracuse, T Mrs. Frederick Edey, Bellport, LI, [*Girls Scouts*] Mrs. Harry E Edmonds, 527 Riverside Dr,. Mrs. W. P Eagleton, Newark, N.J. s Ehrenberg, Mrs. Cora. Mrs. J R Fairchild, 20 - 5th Ave., Mrs John Ferguson, 156 -5th Ave., Mrs. Lillian Feickert, Greenbrook Rd. Dunellen, NJ Mrs. Theodore Fould, B&way, Flushing, LI Miss Virginia Furman, 955 Lexington Ave., Fassett, Mrs J Sloat, Strathmont, Elmira Ford, Mrs. Robtl Canton, NY Franklin, Mrs. Benj. Ovid, Seneca Co, NY Flower, Mrs. Anson, 404 Sherman St., Watertown, NY Frank, Mrs Julius, 117 Franklin St., Ogdensburg, NY G [*T*] Mrs F.S. Greene, 35 Dove S ., Albany [*+*] Miss Katherine Gerwick, 600 Lexington Ave Mrs Elbert H Gary, 856 - 5th Ave., NYC Mrs. John Griesel, Bretton Hall, NYC Guilforl, Mrs Wm 21 Second Ave., Rensselaer, NY Garland, Mrs Geo, Jr Douglaston, LI, NY [*—*] Guy, Mrs Chas L, 78 Irving Pl, New York, NY Griffith, M Louise 343 East 50th St Howe, Mrs Marie J, 16 East 9th St., NYC Hauser, Miss Eliz, Girard, Ohio [*T[–]*] Mrs J H Hammond, Mt Kisco, NY Mrs Montgomery Hare, St. James, LI Mrs Ralph Holden, Wesport Conn Mrs Leonard Hand 142 East 65th St Mrs Harriet Hubbs 1725 Spruce St Phila. [*+*] Mrs Wm H Hays, Belle Haven, Greenwich, Conn [*—*] Miss Dorothea Hess 412 West 148th St Mrs Alcan Hirsch, Davenport Neck, N. Rochelle, NY Mrs Norman Hapgood 29[9] Madison Ave Miss Florence Halsey, 5 New St., Newark,,NJ (NJLWV) [*T+*] Mrs. Emly N Huyck, P O Box 792 Albany [*+*] Miss Katherine Huyck, " Mrs Evanette Hare, 29 -8th St., Troy NY [*—*] Mrs Oreola Haskel, 2802 Ave N Bklyn [*—*] Virginia T Hart 22 Park Ave., NYC [H] ( H ) Con'td Mrs J H Hammond ( John Hayes) 2221 Kalorama Rd, Washington DC [*+*] Mrs Chas R Henderson 27 East 65th St., NYC [out of tn*] [*[?]*] Mrs Edw C Henderson 233 East 48th St., NYC [*undecided*] Mrs A Barton Hepburn, 620 Park Ave, NYC [*—*] Mrs Alfred Hess, 16 West 86th St., NYC Mrs Ripley Hitchcock, 34 Gramercy Park, NYC [*—*] Mrs G Beekman Hoppin, Rolling Hill Farm, Syosset LI, NY Huffcut, Miss L. 63 St Johns Ave., Binghamton Howland, Miss Isabel, Sherwood, Cayuga Co, NY Hinckley, Miss Mary, Eden Hall, Poughkeepsie, [*—*] Hopkins, Miss Mary D, [*+*] Hewitt, Mrs Geo D, Carthage, NY Hyde Mrs Julia O Masena, NY Herrfeldt, Mrs. A., I [*+*] Ingersoll, Mrs Raymond, 149 S Oxford St., Bklyn, NY [*out of town*] Mrs Chas J Jacobson, Cedarhurst, LI. Jones, Miss Rosalie, [*+*] Jackson, Mrs.Percy Kirchwey, Miss Freda. 27 Van Dam St. NYC Mrs Frank B Keechm 12 East 52nd St., NYC [*+*] Miss Dorothy Kenyon, 27 Beekman Pl, NYC [*+*] Mrs Florence Kelley Rm 1129 [C] 156th [C] 5th Ave., [*out of town*] Mrs Chas Knoblauch, The Wyoming 55th & 7th Ave., Mrs M Kirschberger 1 W. 93rd St Kruf, Syracuse Konselman, Mrs C B, The Maples, Commack, LI NY Kneubhuel, Miss Emily, c/o Miss Hines, 8 West 52nd St., N.Y.City L Mrs Helen Leavitt, N Y Times Miss Helen Lippincott, The Porches, Riverton NJ Mrs Thos Lamont, N. Haven, Me [*T*] Mrs Arthur Livermore, 144 Park Ave Yonkers, NY [*T ?*] Miss K. Luddington, Lyme, Conn [*T [—]*] Mrs Alfred Lewis Geneva, NY Miss Esther Lee 1547 B'Way —Miss Alice Lewisohn , & Irene, 133 West 11th St., NYC [*?*] Mrs deAcosta Lydig, 903 Park Ave., New York City LeFevere, Mrs Lillian La Montayne, Mrs Maire Andre de, 14 East 60th St., Mrs Edith P Morgan, 243 East 61st St., NYC Mrs Geo Middletown, 158 Waverly Pl., NYC [*(Miss La Follette*] Mrs Lawrence J Mead, Wilson Park, Tarrytown, NY Mrs Robt Mc CMarsh, 42 E. 9th St . NYC [*T[—]*] Mrs John O Miller, 1725 Spruce S . Phila Mrs Howard Mansfield, 535 Park Ave., [*T*] Mrs Alice Duer Miller , 176 E 75th St., [*+*] Mrs Benj. Marshall, 41 W. 89th St Mrs Effie D McAffee, 317 E 23rd St Mrs Dunlevy Milbank, 1026 - 5th Ave., Miss Christina C Miller, 51 W 16th St Mrs J J Moorhead, Tall Timber, E Blue Hill, Me Miss Christina Merriman, FPA 9 E 45th St — Miss Annie Mathews, Hall of Records, NYC Mrs A Mac Intosh, 118 Lee Ave., Miss Eliza Mac Donald, 165 Jamaica Ave., Flushing, LI, NY [*+*] Miss Ella McLaurin, 25 Mdison Ave [*+*] Miss Harriet May Mills, 926 W Genesee St Syracuse L Cont'd Mrs. Henry G. Leach, 170 East 64th St., NYC Lamon, Mrs Frances 126 Flower Ave, E Watertown, NY Litt, Mrs Ruth, Patchogue, LI Loines, Mrs Stephen, 3 Pierrepont St Bklyn Leahy, Mrs James, Genesee Court, Utica NY Losey, Mrs F D, 227 Riverside Dr., NYC Laidlaw, Mrs. James Lees, 60 East 66th St M Miss Sarah MCPike #2 Elinore Pl, Yonkers, NY Miss Ruth Morgan, 1010 Grand Central Terminal BLDg Murray, Mrs Spencer, 157 Willias St. Catskill, NY Manion, Mrs John, 5 Cottage Pl., Utica, NY Mott, Mrs. Luther W, Oswego, Oswego Co NY Mitchell, Mrs W G, Hudson Falls, NY Merson, Mrs F G, Keuka, Yates Co NY Morgenthau, Jr, Mrs Henry, Weekapaug Inn, Westerley, R.I. Morgenthau, Sr. Mrs henry 417 Park Ave. NYC Morris, Mrs Kate, 2790 Broadway, NY Mrs Frederick Nathan 225 W 86th St Mrs Jas E Neal, 981 Park Ave., Mrs Geo Notman, Keene Valley, NY Mrs Gordon Norrie, 1010 G C T Nicol, Mrs Robt, 605 W Water St, Elmira Noyes, Mrs. P, Kemwood, Madison Co NY Nordstrom, Diamond Point, Lake George, NY Mrs Robert Oliver, 211 W. 101st St Miss Esther Ogden, [[F P A?]] 9 East 45th St Mrs Carl Osterheld 515 Palisade Ave., Yonkers, NY Mrs Daniel O'Day, Rye, NY Mrs Loretta Oppenheim, Hotel Plaza, NYC Mrs Helen B. Owens, Ithaca NY Miss Leonora O'Reilly, 6801 - 17th St., Bklyn, NY Olmstead Miss Eliz. 289 St., Buffalo Mrs Henry Pullowitz, Peconia, LI Miss Virginia Potter 955 Lex. Ave Mrs Edgerton Parsons, Hadlyme, Conn Miss Sally Peters 697 W. E. Ave., out of town Mrs Geo A Person, 4724 Chester Ave Phila Miss Eva S Potter 10 - 8th Ave Bklyn (2) Mrs Mary Gray Peck, Clifton Sprgs. NY Miss Ellen Pendleton, Wellesley College, Wellesley Mass Mrs F G Paddock, Malone, NY Mrs Frederick Peterson, 163 East 78th St., NYC Mrs Gifford Pinchot, Grey Towers, Milfod, Penna Mrs H Lee Pratt, Glen Cove, LI? NY Perry, Mrs Frank, Whitney Point, Broome Co Pickering, Mrs Geo, 368 W Clinton St Elmira Pierce, Miss Mary F, Moira, Franklin Co NY Porter Mrs. Melvin, 15 Days Park Buffalo Peterson, Mrs F C, Smithtown, LI, NY P Cont'd Parks, Mrs Edwin, Oneida City, Madison Co Price, Miss Janet 1002 Albert St Rome Perkins, Miss Frances, Industrial Comm 124 E 28th St NYC 2 Miss Florence Quinlan 156 [[?]] 5th Ave., Read, Mrs May Mrs Ogden Reid, Purchase, NY Mrs Franklin Roosevelt 49 E 65 St Mrs Lewis Rose, 315 W 94th St Miss Caroline Runtz Rees, Rosemary [[?]]all, Greenwich Conn Mrs Warren W Read 4015 - 157th St Flushing LI Miss Harriet Righter, 70 - 5th Ave Mrs Theo M Rosenberg 2 West 82nd St Mrs David Rodger, 8656 - 102nd St Richmond Hill LI Miss Bertha Rembaugh, 165 Broadway, NYC T Mrs Dexter Rumsey, 742 Delaware Ave Buffa o Mrs Chas C Rumsey, Wheatley Hills, L.I., NY Mrs Mabel Russell, 1625 G B T. Bldg., Reavy, Miss Grace, 125 Ontariox St Cohoes, NY Reiger, Mrs Joe 509 Central Ave, Dunkirk Roberts, Miss Louise, 520 Roberts Ave Syracuse Roberts, Miss Grace, Highland, Ulster Co NY 3 T Miss Leila Stott, Stottville, NY Mrs Lewis N Smith, 1725 Spruce ST, Pjila Mrs Wm Sporburg, Hawthorne Ave Portchester Ny Mrs Chas E Simonson, 33 Central Ave Staten Isl Mrs Maud Swartz 247 Lex. Ave [[?]] Mrs Joe R Swan 18 East 83rd St Anna Barlin Spencer, 255 W 97th St Mrs Mary Ada Seidman 176 Winyah Ave, N Rochelle Miss Rose Schneiderman, 247 Lexington Ave Miss Nelle Schwartz Dept. Lab, 124 E 28th St NYC Mrs E H Silverthorn, 156 - 5th Ave., Mrs Robert E/Speer, 600 Lex. Ave Mrs Estelle M Sternberger 2109 B'Way Mrs John D Sherman, 1734 N St. N W Washington DC Mrs Arthur H Scribner, 39 East 67th St., NYC Mrs J E Spingarn, Amenia, N.Y. Mrs Robt. L Stevens, 270 Park Ave NYC Whitney [[?]] T Miss M Carey Thomas, Bryn Mawr, Pa Miss Mary Towle 53 Washington Square [out of town] Mrs Walter Timme #2 West 67th St [out of town] Mrs Chas L Tiffany, Oyster Bay NY (LI) Tucker, Mrs Emma, Laurens St., Olean Tabor, Mrs Miss Marths, Pawling, Dutchess Co, [[?]] Thompson, Mrs Edward, Newburgh, NY Trump, Miss Majorie, 1912 W Genesee St, Syracuse Thompson, Mrs Alex R, Penn Yan, Yate s Co S Cont'd X Slade, Mrs F Louis, 1625 Grand Central Terminal NYC X Snyder, Miss Alice, 78 S Hamilton street, Poughkeepsie Stockwell, Mrs J C 6 Clark St, Malone, ? Shuler, Mrs Frank J 400 Riverside Dr Sammis, Mrs E Babylon LI " Mrs Edgar, Huntington, LI X Sweet, Mrs Emma B, 28 Harper Street, Rochester Seward, Mrs Frederick, Jr, Goshem Orange Co Seabring, Mrs C O Oswego, Oswego Co X Starbuck, Miss Kathryn 88 Hamilton St, Saratoga Springs Searing, Miss John Kingston, Stevenson, Mrs J. Hannibam, NY Stoffer, Mrs T J 218 Lockwood Bldg., Buffalo, NY Sexton, Mrs Peter, Northport, LI, NY Sterling, Miss Adeline W. 195 Claremont Ave., NYC Strauss, Miss Henrietta, Congress Hotel, NYC Strouse, Mrs Hennie, 39 West 91st NYC Schain, Miss Josephine, 1010 G C Terminal Bldg Sheehan Mrs T Cont'd Tompkins, Mrs Leslie, Diamond Point, Lake George, NY Trowbridge, Mrs Alexander, 8 Chestnut St., Flushing LI, NY U Mrs Isabael Unterberg, 11 W 86th St X Mrs Harriett Taylor Upton, Warren Ohio Upson, Mrs F W Dundee Yates Co T Mrs Frank A Vanderlip, Scarborough NY Mrs Wm G Valet 114 Moringside Dr Mrs Henry Villard, (3) 525 Park Ave, NYC Van Loon, Mrs Frank, Athens, NY Van Wie Mrs Bert, 46 Hancock St Rochester Wilson, Mrs Halsey, 942 Woodycrest Ave., Wilcox, Mrs Wm G, 115 Davis Ave, New Brighton S.I. Whitehouse, Mrs N de R. 118 East 56th St Watson Miss Lucy, 270 Genesee St., Utica, Ward, Mrs Harry F 25 Franklin St., Englewood NJ Wise, Miss Justine, 2929 Broadway, NYC Whittic, 459 Columbus Ave., Syracuse, NY Wright, Miss Alice Morgan, 393 State St., Albany NY Whitney, Mrs Arthur, Mendham, N.J. Winthrop, Mrs Edgerton, 109 E 91st St Wald, Miss H. 171 Madison Ave., NYC Wells, Mrs T. B. 1625 Grand Central Terminal Bldg Whight, Mrs Chas A. 159 E Genesee St., Auburn Williams, Mrs Frank, 54 Irving Pl, Buffalo Williams, Miss Katherine, Huntington, LI Williams, Mrs Burt, 200 Melrose Ave., Syracuse Ward, Mrs John, Babylon, L.I., Wylie, Miss Laura, 112 Market St, Poughkeepsie, Wald, Miss Lillian, Henry St. Settlement, Henry St, NYC Webb, Mrs Vanderbilt, Peekakill, NY Woolston, Mrs Florence, % Russell Sage Foundation, 130 E 22nd St NYC Wadsworth, Mrs. Sarah, Auburn, N.Y. Winch, Mrs James Farley T Young, Miss Rose, 16 E 9th St., NYC Zoller, Miss Saida, Zoller Farms, Warren [?]., (Herkimer Co) Checks received for luncheon tickets. Brown, Gertrude Foster (4) [1-4] Cranford, Mrs. Frederick L de Rivera, Belle (22) Griesel, Nellie H. [6] Leavitt, Helen M. [7] Macdonald, Eliza [8] Merriman, Christina [9] Miller, Alice Duer [10] O'Day, Mrs. Daniel (4) [11-12 13-14] Oliver, Mrs. Lillian ?. [15 - 50) Oppenheim, Mrs. Laurent [16] Pinchot, Mrs. Gifford [17] Potter, Miss Eva S. (2) [18-19] Rembaugh, Bertha [20] Villard, Fanny F. (3) [22 -23-24] Wilson, Mrs. Halsey W. [25] Young, Miss Rose [26 8/14/25] Aug.17 Mrs. J.G. Dean [72] Mrs. Stephen Loines [27] Miss Grace Roberts [28] Miss Nancy Cook [29] Mabel Russell [30] Mrs.M.Derrach [31] Mrs.K.T.Morris [32 - 33] Mrs. Peter Sexton [45] Mrs. Hennie Strouse [46] Mrs. E.V. Colbert [47-48] Miss Henrietta Straus [49] Mrs.M.Clephane [58] Mrs.Charles M.Winch [59] Miss Esther Lee [67] Miss Sarah McPike [73] Mrs.Robert L. Shape [75] Thornwood, N.Y. Mrs.M.Bean [76] Mrs.Marie Andree se LaMontanye [77] 14 East 60th St Mrs. Frederick Edey (2) [34-35] Mrs. Charles Knoblauch [36] Miss Henrritta Wald [40] Miss Nelle Swartz [41] Mrs. Sarah Wadsworth (2) [43-44] Mrs.A.Herrefeldt [70] Miss Collier (6) [51-2-3-4-5-6+7] Miss Cullen (2) [68-69] Mrs.Aimer [71] M [64 pd] NEW YORK LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS ROOM 821 GRAYBAR BUILDING 420 LEXINGTON AVENUE NEW YORK, N.Y. LUNCHEON SPEECH OF CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT Delivered at Hotel Utica, Utica, N. Y. January 15th, 1924. Madame Chairman and Members of the League of Women Voters, I said to Mrs. Slade a little while ago that I was glad every day of my life that the League of Women Voters existed and she begged me to say it to you. Not very long ago a woman said something to me, and I give her credit for it – if I could remember who it was that said, I would tell you – it may have been some one of you. At any rate it is not my own. She had been to a great football or baseball game, and she had seen a great auditorium filled with people, just packed with them, and as she was not used to going to such places, it was a new and thrilling experience. She didn't know the game very well, but she observed that the hundreds of people who were sitting about in that great open place did know the game, and they knew what every play meant; they knew what every gesture meant and they responded as every player took some action in the game, and they responded understandingly; they were playing the game with the players in the field. Now, she said "I understood for the first time what it means for a great mass of people to act all together because they understand alike; they feel alike and consequently they act alike". That is a pretty good example, I am thinking, and I am glad for that reason that we have a League of Women Voters that is responding because it thinks alike and sees things alike in the large way. I have been on a lecture tour. In the old days I used to go out speaking, but this time I have been a professional lecturer. I didn't invite myself to go anywhere; the invitations came to me and I made them into a schedule. Sometimes I found the League of Women Voters in a town didn't like it very well because I was speaking for somebody else. They thought as I belong to them, I should speak for them. 2. They didn't happen to invite me first. During this tour I found out what they are thinking inside the League and also what other organizations are thinking about them, and there are two things I want to make clear. First, I found a vastly different sentiment in the country concerning the League of Women Voters than that that existed when it was born. I remember there was a good deal of doubt and criticism about the League of Women Voters from the women of the political parties, they felt a good deal of anxiety as to what the League might be intending to do. I found that very largely disappearing, and in one State a woman who had been very active in her locality against the League because she believed it ought not to exist, because she thought the women ought to go into the political parties and do their work there and nothing else, sought an interview with me and told me what I am about to tell you. I said to her – "I haven't anything to do with this, I am an honorary, I don't work any more". She said – "It doesn't make any difference. I have come to the conclusion that the League of Women Voters ought to be recognized by everybody in the country as the great authority upon the education of women in citizenship, and that the women in political parties ought to acknowledge that authority and their sincere nonpartisanship. The League should educate the women and hand them back to the political parties", and in order to demonstrate her sincerity she sent me a bouquet. If I should give her name, you would recognize what an important admission that was. I found the women of other organizations and the men so far as they let me know, held the League of Women Voters in the highest respect. I found women in charge of the League wherever I went that I am sure Doctor Thomas would have been satisfied were "A" women, but many of them were women who were not in the old suffrage movement, some not old enough I suppose, 3. and sometimes I was amused and sometimes I was embarassed at their lack of suffrage background. For instance, a President of a State League, a woman introduced me one night by saying that I had started the Suffrage movement. I begged of her afterwards and privately to please read up on the subject of woman suffrage. I was interviewed by a man, who was about fifty odd years of age, and he had been a press man all his life and was then representing an important newspaper. His first question was - "I would like to ask you some questions about that position in the Cabinet, that welfare position in the Cabinet that has been introduced by Senator Curtiss and Mr. Anthony of Kansas"?. I had to think a little while before I could answer or understand him. Finally he said - "Wasn't there a suffragist some time by the name of Anthony"? I thought that was rather a good joke on a man, but in the next place I went I was interviewed by a beautiful, star-eyed goddess of a young woman, who said she had come to interview me, her editor had sent her. She said - "I want to ask you how it was that you happened to become a pioneer in this movement of woman suffrage"? I said - "Young woman, the pioneers were all dead before I began". She said - "Well, you are the only pioneer I ever heard of", and I think if she told the whole truth, she would have added "And I never heard of you". Then I asked her some questions. "Did you never hear of Susan B. Anthony"? "No." "Of Elizabeth Cady Stanton"? "No". Then I said "Of course, you have never heard of Lucy Stone and Lucretia Mott"? "No". Now isn't it almost unthinkable that people, young people, in this day and generation have already gotten so far beyond the Suffrage Movement they absolutely know nothing about it. I am inclined to think that one of our duties should be to have a little pamphlet printed which would set forth the history of woman suffrage and compel every member 4. of the League of Women Voters to read it, they ought to know something of that kind by way of preparation. Everybody now believes in Woman Suffrage you know, and there isn't any man who ever voted against it, and there are very few women who were ever anything but suffrage. In South America, I met an American Woman, who was very glad to see me. She said - "You know I came down here so long ago that the Movement for Woman Suffrage had not begun when I left". So I asked her when she came down to South America, and she said "In 1918". Well, that belongs to the past, but I am glad that young women have come forward and have taken the place of we old ones that were a bit tired and they are young, they have thirty, forty, fifty years of work in them. They are devoted, loyally to the League of Women Voters and to my mind there isn't any question in any once of the State Conventions that can not safely be put for discussion before a League, because the women are so sane, so high class, so number 'A', that those who are in the Chair, those that are responsible for that convention may safely trust to the sensible thing being done. I am so proud of women in the League that I simply haven't the words to express it. I believe that I have had one thing thrown up to me a good many times, and perhaps I better make my peace with you. They have reminded me that I said in St. Louis that I didn't think this organization ought to live longer than five years. They say - "How about it? It is time to dissolve", and now I answer 'it is here to stay, we can never get along without it. There is a woman's point of view about these great questions and if it were not for you and this organization, those questions would not reach anything like such large numbers of women as have now caused them to be considered. I am going to say something else that I hope you won't think is flattery, but I say that since women have the vote in this country, many other organizations that in times gone by were very conservative and 5. very backward about expressing their opinions upon public questions, have now come forward and are making an effort at being brave and courageous and progressive, and I believe that they would not take that stand unless the League of Women Voters led the way. I hope that the League will never travel in the rear of the procession of reform in this country. I hope that it will always lead on all questions, so that other organizations may be encouraged to follow. You have taken up the question of "Peace". The "World Court" you have endorsed. And yet in one of my meetings which was held under the League of Women Voters, they actually presented a petition to the audience for a World Court, they didn't present the petition, but that is what they said in the beginning, and I was obliged wo say that that was 'Pussyfooting'. I hope the League will never "Pussyfoot'. When the time comes to speak for anything, speak, and if the time hasn't come, keep silent, but don't muddle things by passing a resolution such as that to [sand] for a World Court. We have a World Court that is going to come perhaps. Down in Washington all such measures go before the Foreign Relations Committee. They in majority have pledged themselves to each other that they will never allow that measure to get out of committe and on the floor with the Harding-Hughes reservation. Mr. Lenroot of Wisconsin explains the reason why he introduced the reservation he did, because he said the measure could not get out of the Foreign Relations Committee on the old reservation and therefore he introduced one which he hoped would bring it on the floor of the Senate. Now when you stand for a World Court, you stand perhaps for a World Court with Mr. Lenroot's reservations. Let us go back just a bit. You know, of course, that it was this country that made the proposal of the Hague Tribunal, it was even called the American Idea. They asked a 6.a second Hague conference to be called. You will remember that one of the objects for asking for it was that our country might propose a World Court that from the lawyers point of view would be more legal as a permanent continuous Court than was the Hague Tribunal. You will remember that with all the force of our government behind it, our people were not able to set up that Court for that reason that there came a difference of opinion as to how the judges were to be elected and the little countries wanted as much of a vote as the big countries and the big countries were unwilling to give them that right, and consequently it failed for that reason. When Mr. Root was working with the International Commission upon the formation of that Court, Mr. Root suggested that the Judges should be nominated by the Hague Tribunal and elected by the League of Nations. The advantage was that big nations were in the council and the little nations were all represented in the Assembly and because the League of nations had been set up with that question which had troubled the nations in 1907, which had been all adjusted and settled, it was agreeable to all the Nations that were in the League. Now Mr. Lenroot proposes that the judges shall be elected that way, but in an entirely new way, and in order to get them elected in a new way it means that there must be an amendment to the statutes of the International Court of Justice, and there is no method provided for the amendment to those statutes; it means that a Commission must be called and a method of amendment provided and after that is provided that it shall go to all the Nations that endorsed the Court. It will take three years to get the chance to amend the statutes and then to actually put the amendment means three years more. It means that this Nation will put off joining for six years at the least in order to get in by those reservations, and it runs the risk of again bringing up the old question and finding a difference of opinions between the Nations that have already subscribed for the other. 7. Anybody who stands for a League of Nations stands for a move like that, and therefore we would like to see our Nation go into the Court, and stand for it with the reservations that were proposed by Mr. Hughes, which doesn't injure in any way the working of the Court, which takes us in immediately and which does XXX disconnect this Nation from the League, in Mr. Hughes' own words. Now Mr. Hughes is one - whatever you may think about in reference to national relations, Mr. Hughes his one of the clearest legal heads in this country and when he says it disconnects it from the League, it disconnects it from the League. I wanted to say this much about the International Court of Justice because it is the question now pending and the only possible chance of that question passing the Senate is to let some of these queer reservations come out of the Foreign Relations Committee and have them chopped off by the Senate, and the old ones (? - Hughs) put on and that will never be done unless there is a tremendous sentiment aroused in this country. One thing more, the authorities in Congress say that they hope that by the fisrt of June, when the first of the Political Conventions will be held that the reduction of taxation will have been achieved. In other words, we will ear reduction of taxation and a bonus discussed with probably some other questions and I suspect that the International Court will never get on to the floor of the Senate at all in this term. Now if you want to know why, I beg of you, don't think for a single moment think that it is because they haven't had time. It is because there are about sixteen men down there who are irreconcilables; they are playing with this thing exactly as they did with the League. In that case they were able to put over on the American Public a great deal of misinformation, those men will go after their constituencies and say that there was not time for it. It is a lie. They don't want to consider it, and 8. that is the reason it is put in the background. I think that is the kind of information we need to spread broadcast and know exactly why these things are as they are in Washington. The best compliment that I know of for the Bok Peace Award is the reception that has been given to it by these same irreconcilables in Washington, but I am only saying this as an aside. I want to call your attention to something infinitely more important. There is only one reason why it is important that we go into that Court of Justice and go now. If we don't do it, it will add very much to the suspicion that has been rapidly growing in the country concerning our intentions towards Peace. Perhaps you have never thought about it, but if you will peregrinate around the world a bit, you will have no difficulty in making a discovery that there is a very different feeling towards this country than existed a few years ago, and suspicion has grown up in the minds of the Nations all the world around, and the reason is not far to find. When the League of Nations was rejected, now don't for a moment get scared and think I am talking about the League, I am not. When the covenant of the League of Nations came before the Senate for consideration, there was you remember a break in the Senate, the Republicans refusing to endorse it without reservations and the Democrats refusing to endorse it with reservations. It was as though a jury had disagreed. Did you ever stop to think that you don't know why the Senate rejected the League, that nobody knows, that the Senate doesn't know? There never was a straight resolution saying that we shall or we have rejected this thing because thus and so. Now on the other side where diplomacy is a little more courteous than on our own, they don't go at things that way. It would never have been possible to have referred a question of that kind to the parliament of France or even Germany or Spain or Italy and have had no response. To be sure we were a sort of a charter member, we didn't get an invitation as Abssynia did to 9. join and consequently not having received a letter, I suppose our Government thought it wasn't necessary to reply, but on the other side they would have regarded it as a diplomatic necessity to have made an account of our action. They didn't do it. It was the first offense against the Nations of the world.] It was this country that proposed the League. It was this country that put the idea into the mind of the world that war might be abolished. It was this country that put the League into the Armistice terms, and our country rejected it, not by a vote but by a disagreement of the jury. [Now on the other side there are differences of opinion. In Germany, for instance, they say that we did not give Germany a square deal. During the last days of the war, aeroplanes were flying over Germany and tons and tons and tons of literature were being dropped and the people were being told that when Germany should set up aGovernment of the People that we, the allies, would deal with them, and that they were then to have certain justices, and that the League of Nations was to make an end of war, now this was given them when they went into the armistice terms, but when they set up their Government of the people, our Government went home and quit.]. Now anybody that has read apage [a page] or two of history should know that a people who have been under the discipline of an autocratic government for generations can not immediately become a smooth working Republic. There are the monarchistic classes at one end and the commonist at the other, and it is a struggle for those in the middle to keep the Republic going. This Government, the oldest of the self governing Republics, and the strongest, could at that time without being pro-German, without being more forgiving than its religion entitled it to, it might have extended a little advice, it might have given a little stability to that self governing people, but instead we quit and came home. [The French] say we cheated them. They [were great 10. advocates of a League of Nations with a great army and navy that could go out and give a thrashing to the first Nation that started a war. In this country, we will not have that kind of a League. We will only have one that has public opinion behind it. When we got the kind of a League we wanted, we quit and left France with the kind of a League they didn't want and didn't believe in,] but [the greatest of all the offenses is [was] that we have never given any reason as to how that League could be changed to make it acceptable ot [to] us. As a result of these things, a very great and growing suspicion has come up around the world] because when we didn't account for our own action, [they have interpreted our motives according to their own point of view and that is that we had aggressive imperialistic intentions or that we mean to be free so that when we do have them then we will be able to act. That opinion is almost universal now all the war around th world] and you may laugh at it and say as I think Mrs. Roosevelt did - "Of course, we desire peace". We, in America are quite unconscious of any desire on our part for war, so [we don't understand why they could say anything of that kind." Well, I will tell you. First of all our country has more submarines than any other nation in the world. Secondly it was this country that after the war started a great competition in the business of the manufacture of gas.]. For three or four years in this country as propaganda has been going on on behalf of the dye industries and some of you people were caught at it, some women in high place endorsed it, but the object was made quite clear. The object was this. The poison gases that were invented by Germany were manufactured almost entirely in her dye factories. For reasons which the chemists can understand the dye factories seemed to be the laboratories most easily turned to the manufacture of gas. [A few weeks ago our own Chemical War Service Board made an official announcement to the public to the effect that we now 11. have 75 dye factories in this country which are all military assets and which can be turned into the manufacture of poison gas at a moment's warning, further it said that the United States stands in the leadership in Chemical Warfare preparation of the world. ] You will remember that before the great war came to an end that we announced that we had the secreat of the most poison gas yet discovered. It was called Lewisite and it was discovered by Professor Lewis of the Northwestern University. Not long ago I was speaking in Evanston, and the President was on the Platform so I took occasion to ask him what manner of man? Professor Lewis might be. He replied - "He is a high class, estimable scientific gentleman. When the Government asked him to use his skill to discover a poison gas he did his best and now believes that poison gas is the most human method of taking large quantities of life in war that has yet been discovered". It was said of this gas that it could destroy a city in a night, that it could wipe out every vestige of life in a Nation. When Edison was asked if he believed London could be destroyed in 12 hours, he replied it could be done in three. When Admiral Sims speaking not long ago said when there shall come another war, if this Nation is attacked you may be sure that we will use gas and we will not care when or where nor why. Now remember as Mrs. Roosevelt said "Every Nation prepares for defense". No nation ever intends to be the aggressor, no nation intends to make war on another nation. If this is so, why is there ever war, since every nation only prepares for defense? And yet[ we announce that we are in the leadership of Chemical Warfare, that we have the most poison gas in the world, ever known. It is a fact that has not been lost on other nations, and the other day a private manufacturer had sold some tear bombs to Mr. Dana, and the embargo kept them from passing over the frontier. We are already in the business.] 12. You will remember how shocked we were when the first bomb sent the first ship to the bottom; you will remember that we could scarcely believe it when the Lusitania went down in 20 minutes and as soon as possible every Nation was engaged in the manufacture of airplanes and was dropping bombs in what they called necessary retaliation. Now there has come such a competition in aircraft building that Mr. Owsley tried to persuade this government to restrict or abolish it. The other day in St. Louis, Mr. Davis, the Assistant Secretary of War, said that in the days of the revolution a sailing ship could cross the Atlantic in six weeks, now he said an airplane could cross in forty hours and a flotilla bringing as many men in but little longer time. What are we doing to protect ourselves against this terrible menace? The facts are that[ we have 600 airplanes, some belong to the Army and some to the Navy. We have a building program to cover ten years at a cost of $350,000,000, which will bring the total somewhere between three and four thousand. There are two Nations supposed to have more airplanes than we, but no other Nation can approach us in aircraft, and one is England which is building to combat France, for France is building madly,] although in October our War Department announced that France confessed to 1250 only, but Great Britain believes she has many more and believes she is building the aircraft as defense against England. [ Do you think those countries are coming over to make war on us? They are both on the verge of bankruptcy and busy with home problems. Yet why are the militarists scared and why are we building the aircraft. At any rate we had enough airplanes to sell 8 to Mexico during their trouble. During the war our Government put petroleum on two naval ships, and it was found that the petroleum took so much less space than coal, and that the ships could travel 13. faster that it really meant a revolution in the whole naval business the entire world around.] It meant every Nation going to war must have Petroleum as one of its reserves and oil became suddenly such a factor that Lord Curzon said in Parlament that the allies had floated to victory on a wave of oil. [ This country has more oil than any other and now the authorities say the country that will win in the next war is the one which has oil. We have a navy equal to the largest in the world. ] They are now saying that we have not manned our Navy to the limit, but the other parts of the world do not know that. They only know it was agreed that the navies of the world should be five-five for Great Britain and the United States and three for Japan, so that we are equal to any one in that respect. [ We are the only country that has money. Half of the gold of the world is in this country. Our money has not fallen in value, we are the only Nation that could finance a war. We do not have a large army, but an army that can be mobilized very quickly. Now these are the things that they are saying upon the other side. These are the new ideas that have come up since the last war. And we have adopted all those instruments of destruction which we declared made Germany a barbarian country because it had introduced them, we have adopted them all, and at this time, we are said to be in the leadership of them. Now as the rest of the world believes that we are prepared for war, that we refused to go into a covenant which looks to World peace, perhaps you can comprehend with what suspicion the world regards us.] Now when the war came to an end, was it not true that all the world around there was one thought in the forefront of people's minds, that was that such a war should never happen again? It was a great and wonderful thing to try to find a way to see that such a war would never happen again. The League of Nations was 14. the answer to the world expression, perhaps not a good thing, perhaps not the best, it was the only thing that came in answer at that time and fifty four nations are members of it. Those Nations have agreed to submit any difference of opinion which might lead to war to arbitration or conference where it may be talked over; they have agreed that in the event any one shall brea[c]k that compact that an economic boycott may be visited against them. Nothing so sane was ever suggested before. Nothing that could approach it to make the experiment and arbitrate has ever been tried before. [ Now it may not be the best thing, let us agree to that, yet the experiment is going on. There are ten nations on the outside, (there are only 64 in the entire world.) One of them is Afghanistan, that little half wild country in Asia, the San Dominican Republic, the little country of Ecuador, hardly self governing, the Hedjar, that little Kingdom that was set up in south western Asia; Tibet, that until recently no man from a strange country was allowed in; Turkey, in the state of revolution; Mexico, it is said to be self governing; Russia, everybody knows about Russia; and Germany. These make [the] nine of the countries on the outside.] Now you know that it was said that we went into the war to fight for democracy. Mr. Harvey said we went in to save our skins, whichever we went in for, we got. When the League of Nations was set up it was said that no Nation can come into the League unless it is a self governing people, there can be no more divine right of kings in the world unless it happens outside the League. These nine Nations when they are self governing will without doubt come into the League.[ The [64th] 10th Nation on the outside is the one that proposed the League. It is the only country in the world that is prepared for war and it is the only country in the world which has no countering program looking to world peace. [T]here is no vision that [xx] there will come a time when war will end in this country. Mr. Johnson, whose hat is in the 15. ring, says we have no foreign policy. We don't agree to that but we certainly have no international peace policy.] [Now this whole question] in my mind and judgment, and I think you will agree with me,[ is between two kinds of thought, one is that we keep peace, and the best way to keep peace is by being prepared for war.] When the National Republican Club last Saturday had a program in New York of the military gentlemen to get their point of view, if you read the account you will notice that everyone declared we should have more preparedness. The way to get peace is to prepare for war. Those men are sincere believers in peace, and that they believe is the method to get it. [On the other hand some of us believe that the best way to avoid war is to be prepared for peace.] To acknowledge that there will be a time when there will be no war, when there will be eternal peace, but we can not come to that time without an evolutionary program leading to it, and until the people have changed their opinion, until they have a faith in the peace program as they now have it in the war program. I am old enough to remember when practically everybody believed women didn't know enough to vote. We didn't surrender. We said "Try us" and we won until we got the majority on our side. [That is the problem today to win from honest people who honestly believe in peace but who believe the way to peace is to be prepared for war.] We have no vision, no vision, of that time when there will be no war, we are not leading to it. Those irreconcilable Senators in Washington, honest gentlemen, I have no doubt, but having read now for five years, always with care, everything that I see in the papers I give you my word that I have never read in the speeches of any one of them an expression that he hoped or believed in eternal peace, except that they have said that they abhorred war, but never one of them gave a hope or belief that the time may come when there will be 16. eternal peace therefore they only belong to that military cast of men that believe we can best be prepared for war, and that preparing for it is now our business as a Nation. [We have assumed that attitude as a Nation before the world at large, [and] The world at large has said that eternal peace will come, it is as certain to come as the sun to rise, [we] they are going to look toward it, [we] they are going to see what [we] they can do. This Nation has never had that vision and so we stand outside the pale today. I do not say that we will go into the League of Nations, I don't even ask to go in the League. I don't know what we are going to do. I only say that the United States stands in a position] in a dilemma which has three horns to go on as we are going [preparing for war and not preparing for peace with the certainty that suspicion and distrust will grow higher and higher the world around, and that we stand exactly as Germany stood at one time, stimulating preparedness, stimulating the belief that peace could only be secured by being ready for war.] Another horn of the dilemma, we could go into the League. The third that we can do what the Bok Peace Award suggests, we can cooperate with the League and stay out until such time as we get ready to go, if we do ever. [If this country would say to the Nations of the world, we want peace as much as you and anything that you do which leads to the abolition of war we will work with you. If it would do that much it would take away that suspicion that rests upon us today. And I beg you therefore to take home with you that one thought no person in this world can dispute that we are the only country in the world prepared for war; that has no program for peace. ] Let us not forget it and it becomes our duty as women to say that we will not tolerate a Nation which is so out of step with the progress of the world as to have no program leading to that inevitable thing, which will come when we are civilized enough to get it. [I think this whole business is pretty largely a woman's job and I will 17. tell you why. You know ever since time began, men have been the hunters and the fighters and the warriors of the world. They have learned to consider themselves the great protectors of society until it has now become so established a tradition among men that when one stands out and says I do not believe in war, his fellow men may charge him with cowardice, with feminism. He therefore does not quite dare to come out voluntarily and strongly and say what he thinks. We women represent the society that men heretofore have been organized to protect. There is no reason why we dare not speak voluntarily] and I think women have more courage than men have. I would have doubts about this had I not said it one night and been told by a man in that meeting that I was right when I said a man did not dare come out strongly for peace for the reasons I had set forth, and it impressed me so that I made up my mind that I would say it every time thereafter. It depends on you. What can you do. We are in politics but not right in the middle of things yet and consequently we don't make programs, we don't make policies, we only come along and say "me too". The first problem we need to do is to dig this question out of partisan politics. I do not mean to say that it may follow. Now how can we do it. Down in South America I had a curious experience which I think might be an example, I was visiting the Zoological gardens in Buenos Ayres and the Superintendent, Mr. O'Nelley was showing us about. He is a very scientific gentleman, and he said I have now shown you everything but one thing, that is the most remarkable lion in captivity. I asked how he differed, and he said he is a man eater, that is he would be if he could get at his keeper, he would eat him, and just then we came before the great cage, and in the rear the two lions were apparently fast asleep, at the same time the keeper came to the cage, the great male lion must have smelled the man for he sprang to his feet and with one jump was at the front of the cage, there were 18. many people around but he didn't see anybody but that one man, his eyes flashed, his hair stood erect on his back, he swished his tail, and he roared as I never heard a lion roar before and all the time pawing at the bars of that cage, my heart stood still with the terror of it, it seemed as though something must break and just then Mr. O'nelley said to me "There is no feminism about the king of beasts". Just then the female lion sprang to her feet and made one dash across the cage and she took a great impudent cruel bite right out of the flank of her mate. It was for all the world as though she said- "John shut up" and the remarkable thing was not that, it was that John did shut up. Immediately the hair on his back laid down, he hung his head, his tail slunk between his legs, he roared no more, and he hung his great bushy head, it was as though he said "Maria you have humiliated me before all the world". He took on the aspect of a dogs you have seen when he is very much humbled. I could not refrain from turning to the Superintendent and repeating those lines of Kiplings "You see after all the female of the specie is mightier than the male" Now I think the time has come when we must re-enact a scene like that. I think of the women of this country must take and speak up. We must let the world know what we believe and I am inclined to think that men are in about the same position that one anti-suffragist who I heard speak was. She said in the course of her address before a committee at Washington or Albany, she said "Gentlemen, save us from ourselves". I am inclined to think if men could say what they think they would say "Oh, women save us from ourselves". We have the bravery, we have the courage, we have the feeling to do this thing, but we are timid, we are standing in the background, we think that somebody else must move first. We need not hesitate. Once we were all that makes society and men took everything that women had ever done and commercialized it, from the washing, cooking and 19. baking, they put them in factories, they organized them, they struck they had all kinds of hysterics over the things that women had done peacefully for centuries. Since they took out business away from us it is our duty to take their business away from them. When I came back from the tour about which I have been telling you, I said there is no great definite program in this country, not yet, but it is coming, there is coming a crusade, it is coming all over the country, it is rising now, we only hear the distant thunder, it is coming and it is coming from women, and when it comes men will be glad it has come because the anti war program is a program for decendy, for civilization, for christianity War is a degradation, it is an atrocity, it has no place in the twentieth century. In Texas one of the best known women told me she had two sons in the war, and every night she would go to bed tired over war work, but every morning at two o'clock she awoke, and could not sleep any more, thinking of her two sons across the sea, wondering what they were doing and what had happened to them and so on, and she would go out on her porch and walk up and down and one night there came to her as it seemed a voice and it said you must go on until the war is ended with the work you are doing, and whether your sons come back or not, it becomes your duty to give the rest of your life that such a war as thi shall never come again and out in the moonlight she fell on her knees and took a pledge that she would give the rest of her life to the cause of perennial peace. Her two sons came back and one on the right and one on the left, a trinity of people who stand before the public there and declare that war must end and eternal peace come. That sort of a pledge the women of this entire country must take and when taken, the crusade will be [here]. We will find it easy to make an end of war when the women demand it, and that is coming, coming. Women I do not know that is is your duty to lead the way. I am inclined to think there will be an 20. organization not yet born that will do that work and do it quickly. It must teach the men, women and children, and political parties that the women of this country are civilized enough so that they recognize that if it is a crime for one man to kill another man in private life, it isn't patriotism, nor honor for collective men to kill collective men. Men tell us that kind of talk is emotional, and sentimental. I say that the greatest emotion left in this world is war and the only sane and sensible thing that is going on is the work and talk and the demand that the emotionalism shall be put put and common sense establish some remedy for this age-old atrocity. I am glad the League of Women Voters exists. you women standing together, working together, thinking together, you are the one great oasis of promise in this great world of unrest. Put this same faith in the new program that you put in the vote for women. We were never frightened by anything. Let us be the same now and put the same faith upon this principle that law shall take the place of war and stand up and never surrender, always moving onward let us have the same faith that we shall see the reward, the victory of the right once more. APPLAUSE. Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.