NAWSA Subject File Woman Suffrage Amendment NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION 171 Madison Avenue, New York Carrie Chapman Catt, President. NATIONAL PRESS DEPARTMENT Rose Young, Chairman. April 17, 1920 NEWS SERVICE. RELEASE SUNDAY April 18, 1920. Forty-seven women from forty-seven states, journeying into Connecticut from the Pacific Coast, from the northern and southern boundaries of the country, from states where women vote, and from states where women's vote may depend on the action of the Governor of Connecticut, will join, on May 3rd, with the president of the Connecticut Woman Suffrage Association in launching a national protest week in Connecticut - a consolidated and concentrated protest of the women of the country and the men and women of Connecticut against the refusal of Governor Holcomb to call a special session of the Legislature to act on the federal suffrage amendment. The protest will cover the week of May 3 - 8, and will embody a series of some thirty or forty meetings throughout the state which will be addressed by groups of the forty-seven women, who will spend the week in Connecticut as guests of the Connecticut Woman Suffrage Association. These women will be leaders of the suffrage movement in their own states. Thirty of them will represent states where women are sure to vote in 1920, and the others will represent 9,000,000 women in the states where the women's vote will depend on ratification of the federal suffrage amendment. Arrangements for bringing these women into the state are being made by the National American Woman Suffrage Association, which is co-operating in every possible way with the state association in the campaign "to make Connecticut the 36th." The primary purpose of this protest week will be to provide the Governor with the proof of the special emergency which he has said he is ready to receive. It will be a protest of Connecticut people, men and women, against the false position in which the state has been put by the refusal of the Governor to give the Legislature an opportunity to act on the matter. "It will not," says Miss Ludington, president of the state association, "be an attempt to tell Connecticut how to handle her own affairs, but an endeavor to make plain that this -2- is not Connecticut's sole affair because by the method provided for ratification of the amendment the voting of 9,000,000 women hangs on the action of Connecticut ." According to plans announced today by the Connecticut Woman Suffrage Association, the women will arrive in Hartford, Monday, May 3rd, and will be given a reception on Monday afternoon. They will spend the night in Hartford, and on the following day will separate into four groups of twelve each to hold meetings in New Haven, Bridgeport, Waterbury and Norwich. On Wednesday the women will form twelve groups of four each, and during the next three days they will speak at meetings in the following cities and towns: Manchester, New Britain, Thompsonville, Southington, Farmington, Windsor Locks, Bristol, Ansonia, Meriden, Naugatuck, Wallingford, Guilford, Branford, New London, Stonington, Jewett City, Mystic, Niantic, Willimantic, Putnam, Danielson, Central Village, Middletown, Haddam, Saybrook, Essex, Norwalk, Stamford, Greenwich, Danbury, Ridgefield, Torrington, Winsted, New Milford, Litchfield, Thomaston, Lakeville, Rockville, Stafford Springs. A motor corp will be provided to make the tour of the state. On Saturday the flying squadron will meet again in Hartford, and will ask for a hearing before the Governor on that day, following which a large mass meeting will be held. Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, will probably be the chief speaker at this meeting. Members of the Men's Republican Ratification Committee have announced their approval of and readiness to co-operate with plans for the Protest Week, and it is possible that they will also furnish speakers for the various rallies. Members of the Ratification Committee will be guests of Miss Ludington and the Political Committee of the Connecticut Woman Suffrage Association at a buffet luncheon held Monday at one o'clock at Suffrage Headquarters, when further plans for the protest week will be discussed. BS&AU NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION 12646 Carrie Chapman Catt, President 171 Madison Avenue, New York NATIONAL PRESS DEPARTMENT Rose Young, Chairman RELEASE April 2, 1920 NEWS SERVICE INMEDIATELY STATMENT FROM MRS. CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association "Suffragist long ago eliminated the word defeat from their vocabulary. The most that happens in the suffrage struggle is delay", says Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, appropes to the Delaware situation. "Ratification is only delayed, and very temporarily at that, even in Delaware. Woman Suffrage in the United States is as inevitable as ever and all men and women with forward vision the world over know it. Delaware can defeat her own claim to priority in progress. She cannot defeat ratification of the Federal Suf- frage Amendment. Nor, do we believe that she intends to. The Delaware record is by no means a closed book and next week may see that state proudly preempting the 36th place in the ratification record. "Meantime, the Democrats of the South are coming more and more alive to the strategic advantage in wresting the 36th and 37th places on the honor roll for the glory of the Democratic party. Day by day adds to the list of possibilities in Democratic Legislatures, with North Carolina and Luoisiana now heading the list. "In the North our program of wotk for ratificaction goes straight forward in Republican Connecticut and Vermont, and our con- fidence of being able to overcome the opposition to special sessions in those states is not impaired. "I repeat woman suffrage cannot be defeated. It can only be delayed, and that delay at this moment is political suicide, is fully recognized not only by the seventeen million women who will vote in the presidential election this Autumn regardless of ratifi- cation of the Feferal Suffrage Amendment, but by every political leader of acumen in the United States." BS&AU NATION AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION 12646 Carrie Chapman Catt, President 171 Madison Avenue, New York NATIONAL PRESS DEPARTMENT Rose Young, Chairman April 22, 1920 News Service RELEASE IMMEDIATELY All the Western members of the Emergency Suffrage Corps bound East for Connecticut are due to reach New York City not later than May 2. On the evening of that day Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, will entertain them at dinner at the McAlpin. Other guests invited will be Mrs. Stanley McCormick, Miss Mary Garrett Hay, Mrs. Henry W. Rogers, Mrs. Frank J. Shuler, Miss Esther G. Ogdon, Mrs. Arthur Livermore, and Miss Rose Young, of the National Board, Mrs. Gordon Norris, acting chairman for the League of Women Voters for New York, and Miss Katherine Ludington who is expected to come over from Hartford to meet the women and escort them into Connecticut the next morning. All are to be lodged at the McAlpin and at dinner will receive their instructions as to the order of business in Connecticut. On Monday, May 3rd, they will be entertained at luncheon in Hartford and God-speeded on their way by the Connecticut women. Governor Helcomb has set 11:30 o'clock, Friday, May 7, as the date on which he will receive the deputation of women who are coming to Connecticut from every state in the Union for "Special Emergency Week". The deputation will be joined by a large group of representative Connecticut women, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, president of of the Nation Suffrage Association, and Miss Katherine Ludington, president of the Connecticut Suffrage Association, will head it. The women will not, however, come to Governor Holcomb until after a week's touring of the state during which time they will have tested out Connecticut's suffrage sentiment and will make their re- port to him. Following the hearing, as a culmination of the week's activity, in out-of-door mass meeting will be held on the Capitol grounds at which members of the delegation, together with prominent men of his state who are working for the ratification of the federal suffrage amendment, will speak. -2- When the "Emergency Suffrage Corps" as the group of visiting women will be called, arrives in Hartford, Monday morning, May 3, for the opening of the campaign, they will be entertained at a luncheon in Hartford, after which they will be motored, in groups of twelve each, to New Haven, Waterbury, Bridgeport, and New London, respectively, where they will hold evening meetings. Local committees of prominent men and women are making arrangements for these meetings. On Tuesday the women will separate into twelve groups of four women each and during the next three days they will address a series of approximately forty meetings which will be held throughout the state. Thirty-nine women from as many states have already accepted the invitation to be members of the "Emergency Corps", extended by the National American Woman Suffrage Association, which is cooperating with the state suffrage association in arranging for the "emergency" campaign. The Men's Republican Ratification Committee will provide men speakers for all the "Emergency Rallies" which will be held in the forty towns and cities throughout the state during the week of May 3 - 8. These rallies will all be addressed by members of the Emergency Suffrage Corps. April 21, 1920 Dear Friend: The possibilities for a story in Connecticut in connection with the visit of the "Suffrage Emergency Corp" are so bright that I am writing to call your attention to the essential factors in the situation, so that if you think it is worth while you can send a reporter into the state to cover the story. You know that the Governor of Connecticut declines to call a special session of the Connecticut Legislature for the purpose of acting on the Federal Suffrage Amendment because, he says there is no emergency to justify the procedure. The Connecticut Legislature will ratify whenever called. The Republican Party at its state convention has urged the calling of the session. The Legal Lights of Connecticut have set forth their conviction that the enfranchisement of nine-and-one-half million women of the United States constitutes an emergency. The Men's Ratification Committee of Connecticut, consisting of the most prominent party men in the state, have urged the calling of the special session. Thousands of Connecticut women have urged it. A majority of the legislatures have themselves petitioned the Governor to call a special session. So far he has done no more than say that he is not convinced that the emergency exists. To convince him a woman from every state in the Union, selected for her oratorical and leadership qualities, is going into -2- Connecticut the week of May 3rd, not only to appeal to the Governor but to appeal to the people of Connecticut for the special session. They are to be known as the "Suffrage Emergency Corp". Together with Miss Katherine Ludington, head of the suffragists in Connecticut, they will make a flying squadron of forty-eight. They will have a great mass meeting, then break, and break again, into smaller units to go over the state to urge the calling of the session in every corner of Connecticut. This is not Connecticut's affair alone. It is the affiar of the nation. Thirty-five states have ratified the Federal Suffrage Amendment. Unless we get the thirty-sixth, nine-and-one-half million women, who live in eighteen different states, will not be able to vote in the presidential elections, although seventeen-and-one-half million women who live in thirty states of the Union, will be able to vote in these elections. This discrimination is as ruthless as it is senseless and it is to present to Connecticut's Governor the evidence of the national sentiment behind the appeal for a special session in Connecticut that the women of all the states in the Union are massing in Hartford on May 3rd. The demonstration will be in the nature of an old-time suffrage stunt, such as we found so frequently necessary in New York's first suffrage campaign in 1915, but as a campaign feature it will be the largest and most impressive ever undertaken by the suffragists in any state. The National American Woman Suffrage Association is assembling the women chosen from its state branches and we shall be able to give you full and interesting personality sketches to cover all the members of the Suffrage Emergency Corp together with their photographs. Please command us if our press department can serve you in any special way in connection with the Connecticut drive. Very truly yours, ROSE YOUNG. BS&AU NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATIONS 12646 Carrie Chapman Catt, President 171 Madison Avenue, New York NATIONAL PRESS DEPARTMENT Rose Young, Chairman April 30, 1920 NEWS SERVICE RELEASE SUNDAY, MAY 2, 1920. One interesting classification of the women who are due to reach New York city today en route to Connecticut to join the Emergency Suffrage Corps can be made on the basis of Republican organization leadership. There are, for instance, Mrs. Walter McNab Miller of Missouri, one of the Advisory Board of the National Republican Committee; Mrs. John L. Pyle of South Dakota, already chosen a presidential elector by her state Republicans, the first woman elector chosen this year; Mrs. Margaret Hill McCarter, of Kansas, one of the four vice chairmen of the Woman's Division of the National Republican Committee. Maine is sending its State Republican Chairman of the Woman's Division - Mrs. Guy H. Gannett; Montana is sending Mrs. Wallace Perham of the State Central Republican Committee of the 2nd congressional district; Iowa is sending one of its four delegates-at-large to the Republican Convention, Mrs. James A. Devitt. Miss Rose Moriarty of Ohio, is a member of the Ohio Republican Advisory Committee. New Mexico is sending on of its County Republican Chairmen, Mrs. A. B. Stroup of Bernallillo County. Two women who have served their states in offices almost as high as the state can grant are ex-Senators Helen Ring Robinson, of Colorado, and Frances Willard Nunds, of Arizona. Senator Robinson was the first woman to be made a state senator in the United States. She will address the International Woman Suffrage Congress at Geneva, Switzerland, in June, on the platform with the women Members of Parliament of Europe, - women from England, Norway, Denmark and Czecho-Slovakia. Mrs. Munds is a relative of Frances Willard, one of the first women to be elected to Arizona's Legislature. BS&AU NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION 12646 Carrie Chapman Catt; President 171 Madison Avenue, New York NATIONAL PRESS DEPARTMENT Rose Young, Chairman April 30, 1920 NEWS SERVICE RELEASE MONDAY, May 3rd, 1920 WOMEN WITH STRONG ORGANIZATION BACKING TO BE COUNTED IN CONNECTICUT'S EMERGENCY CORPS The women who are opening Connecticut's Special Emergency Rally today are not rallying as suffragists merely. They have come as legislators, political party leaders, delegates to national conventions and as presidential electors; and they come backed by other women's organizations. The National League of Women Voters is out to fill force to back up the efforts of the women of the various states. It will send three of its regional directors, representing practically the whole eastern tier of states. Miss Katherine Ludington of Connecticut represents in her person not only the leadership of the Special Emergency Week, as president of the Connecticut Woman Suffrage Association, but, as Regional Director of the League of Women Votes for the New England States, she also represents five other states. Mrs. F. Louis Slade, Regional Director of the Mid-Atlantic States, is another member of the flying protest. Miss Della Dortch, of Tennessee, represents the states of the Southeast. Mrs. Solon Jacobs of Alabama is secretary of the National League of Women Voters. Of heads of states Leagues of Women Voters or state suffrage associations one can count ten or twelve. One of them is Mrs. Andreas Ueland of Minneapolis, chairman of the Minnesota League of Women Voters, under whose leadership the women of her state gained presidential suffrage and achieved ratification of the Federal Suffrage Amendment. Another is Mrs. Robert Clendenning of North Dakota, who as state suffrage president won not only presidential, but municipal suffrage for the women of her state. North Dakota ratified long ago. WOMEN WITH STATE ORGANIZATION BACKING, etc. -2- Mrs. Ben Hooper is still another chairman of a State League of Women Voters, being at the head of the Wisconsin League. Mrs. Desha Breckenridge, president of the Kentucky organization is an outstanding figure. Her state made a spectacular stand for woman suffrage when within a short time, in January, 1920, it ratified the Amendment and passed a presidential suffrage bill ensuring the women of Kentucky a place in this year's elections whatever happens to the Amendment. Mrs. Grace Wilbur Trout of Chicago, Illinois, will represent the first state in the Union to grant partial suffrage to women and make them voters for presidential elections. Mrs. Lilian Olzendam of Vermont is another woman who has achieved a signally successful state demonstration for ratification. As chairman of the State Ratification Committee, she was the organizer and executant of the "march of the 400" Vermont women who recently went en masse to Governor Percival Clement at Montpelier, to show him that the women of the state legal voters in the state's town meetings, could no longer be silent under an injustice which he can mend at a word. Mrs. Julian Salley of Aiken, president of the South Carolina Equal Suffrage League, Mrs. Charles Ellicott of the Woman Suffrage League of Maryland, Miss Annie Wright of Atlanta, Chairman of Georgia's League of Women Voters, are state leaders of associations in three of the only six states of the country which have refused to ratify the Amendment. Mrs. Henry Ridgely of Dover, Delaware, is the head of the suffrage forces of Delaware which gained the support of the Governor and many prominent state and national political leaders. Although Delaware has not yet ratified the Amendment, the esteem in which she is held as a political force, is shown by the fact that on April 28 she was invited to sit with the Democratic State Committee at all of its future meetings. Mrs. John L. Pyle, of South Dakota, heads the League of Women Voters in that state. The Federation of Women's Clubs is also lined up in force to push complete emancipation of the women of the country. From California to New Hampshire it is sending leaders. Mrs. Seward Simons of South Pasadena, famous club woman of the Pacific Coast is one. Montana will also send a club leader of note, Mrs. Wallace T. Perham of Glendive, president of the Montana State Federation of Women's Clubs, 1917-1919. She is now a member of the State Central Republican Committee of the Second Congressional District of Montana. Mrs. W. J. Sweeley of Twin Falls, Idaho, is another State Federation president. Mrs. Mary I. Woods of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, is Corresponding Secretary of the General Federation of Women's Clubs for the whole nation. She is also Chairman of the Americanization Committee of the New Hampshire Federation of Clubs and of the State Suffrage Association. It is Mrs. Woods who inaugurated the Citizenship Institutes under the New Hampshire League of Women Voters, which have been held all over the state. Personnel of the Emergency Corps -2- campaign in Rhode Island, which organization men of the state in Rhode Island's presidential suffrage struggle and put that state on the map as the first far-eastern gain for woman suffrage in any large measure. Massachusetts will send such a seasoned veteran in suffrage work as Mrs. Ida Porter Boyer, one of the old guard, known for her work as writer, lecturer, and organizer, from Boston to New Orleans, where she was editor of the new Southern Citizen. She has fought through state campaigns in Oregon, Oklahoma, Ohio, Michigan, Louisiana, and is now one of the lecturers in the citizenship schools of the Boston League of Women Voters. Mrs. Mary I. Wood of the New Hampshire Federation of Women's Clubs will also be of the New England contingent. From the Rockies will come ex-Senator Helen Ring Robinson en route for the International Woman Suffrage Congress at Geneva, Switzerland, to which she is one of the twelve American women delegates. She will represent the next to the oldest woman suffrage state of the Union, Colorado. She can speak for the growth of Colorado under woman suffrage during the last twenty-seven years. Another woman who has been state senator is Mrs. Frances Munds of Cottonwood, Arizona, kind to Frances Willard, supporter of women's causes. The oldest suffrage state, Wyoming, will send Dr. Grace Raymond Hebard, a professor of sociology in the state university at Laramie; and from the neighboring state of Utah, which also gave territorial rights of franchises to its women in 1870, the wife of the president of the Utah University, Mrs. John T. Widtsoe, who will speak of Utah's long prosperity under women's emancipation. Another western woman of more than national prominence who will go forth to manifest to Governor Holcomb that an emergency does exist which affects all the women of the nation and not just the women of a single state is Dr. Esther Pohl Lovejoy of the American Women's Hospitals. Dr. Lovejoy is also the president of the International Medical Women's Association, and will represent her state of Oregon, which she left during the war to serve the world in France under the Red Cross. Other western women are: Mrs. M. J. Sweeley of Twin Falls, Idaho, president of the Idaho Federation of Women's Clubs; Mrs. Charles H. Brooks of Kansas, the first chairman of the National League of Women Voters; Mrs. Wallace Perham of Glendive, Montana, state president of the Federation of Women's Clubs; Mrs. Charles Dietrich of Hastings, Nebraska, chairman of the State League of Women Voters; Mrs. Robert Clendening of Fargo, North Dakota, long president of the North Dakota Woman Suffrage Association; Mrs. John R. Pyle of Huron, South Dakota, already appointed by her party a Republican presidential elector; Mrs. Edward P. Fick of Seattle, Washington; Mrs. A. B. Stroup of Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Mrs. Edward Seward Simons, famous club woman from South Pasadena, California. From the middle tier of states Mrs. Walter McNab Miller of St. Louis, a former vice-president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, will represent the women of Missouri; Mrs. Andreas Ueland of Minneapolis, president of the state League of Women Voters, will represent Minnesota. Mrs. James A. Devitt of Oscaloosa, who will speak for Iowa women, has just been elected delegates-at-large for Iowa to the Republican National Convention; Mrs. Grace Wilbur Trout of Chicago will speak for Illinois; Mrs. Ben Hooper of Milwaukee for Wisconsin. Mrs. Trout is president of the III. Suffrage Assn., Mrs. Ho[?]per chairman of Wisconsin's League of W.V. These women are all voters by right of the grant of presidential suffrage from their state Legislatures. They will therefore be like the big majority of this Emergency Corps, those who work for the freedom of their sisters, not for their own. PERSONNEL of the Emergency Corps -3- From the south will come women who broke into state primaries and became women voters in Texas and Arkansas, because political leaders waned their help. Mrs. Minnie Fisher Cunningham, the women who did the biggest bit of work in whitening a state for suffrage, will speak for the woman of the Lone Star State. "If we could make all of Texas white for suffrage, and record its ratification of the Federal Suffrage Amendment within the first few weeks after it was passed in Congress", she says, "we out not to stop at a little thing like whitening Connecticut." Georgia and Florida, two states which have made rapid progress in gaining municipal suffrage, will come with pity in their hearts for their voteless sisters. Atlanta women have more voting privileges than Connecticut women. In 16 Florida towns in 10 of its counties women may vote in municipal elections. Miss Annie Wright of Atlanta, the newly elected state chairman of the Georgia League of Women Voters, and Mrs. John Fuller of Orlando, Florida, will speak up from the farthest south. From the neighboring Gulf States, Alabama will send that impressive speaker, Mrs. Solon Jacobs of Birmingham, and Mississippi will send Mrs. B. F. Saunders of Swan Lake. Sixth southern states, the only ones in the whole nation to take adverse action on the Federal Suffrage Amendment, - Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Virginia, South Carolina and Maryland, - are contributing strong women to put up their plea to the men of Connecticut. Maryland will be represented by Mrs. Charles E. Ellicott of Baltimore, one of the brave fighters for the cause; South Carolina by Mrs. Julian Salley, president of the South Carolina Equal Suffrage League; Virginia by Mrs. Edith Clark Cowles. Two triumphant southern states, Kentucky and Tennessee, both presidential suffrage states, will send Mrs. Desna Breckinridge of Lexington, granddaughter of Henry Clay, and Mrs. Guilford Dudley of Nashville, vice-president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and one of the ablest women speakers of the Liberty Loan drives. Among the young women leaders of the cause of women is Mrs. Philip Welein of New Orleans, Louisiana, whose Legislature may even now beat Connecticut in the race to become "the perfect 36th". As between Democratic and Republican Legislatures the race is now poised between Connecticut and Vermont on the north, and Louisiana and North Carolina on the south. Mrs. Werlein is a musician, who studied for opera under Jean de Reske, and is the head of the largest southern musical society, the New Orleans Philharmonic Society of 1,800 members. She is an author and lecturer, an active war worker, and was one of the campaigners in Louisiana's near-successful state referendum campaign for suffrage in 1918, when all of the counties outside of New Orleans voted yes to enfranchise Louisiana women. But the most triumphant southerner to reach out a hand to help the women of the nation is Mrs. Ellis A. Yost of West Virginia, whose state won the most dramatic victory yet won for ratification of the Federal Suffrage Amendment. [*For Mrs. Catt, from Mrs. Harper.*] RATIFICATION OF FEDERAL AMENDMENT. STATE DATE SENATE HOUSE 1. Illinois June 10, 1919 Unanimous 132-3 2. Wisconsin June 10, 1919 23-1 54-2 3. Michigan June 10, 1919 Unanimous Unanimous 4. Ohio June 16, 1919 27-3 76-6 5. Kansas June 16, 1919 Unanimous Unanimous 6. New York June 16, 1919 Unanimous Unanimous 7. Pennsylvania June 19,1919 31-6 June 24, 1919 153-44 8. Massachusetts June 19, 1919 34-5 June 25, 1919 185-47 9. Texas June 28, 1919 19-10 June 24 96-21 10. Iowa July 2, 1919 Unanimous 96-5 11. Missouri July 3 28-3 125-4 12. Arkansas July 28, 1919 29-2 76-7 13. Montana July 30, 1919 38-1 Unanimous 14. Nebraska August 1, 1919 Unanimous Unanimous 15. Minnesota September 8,1919 60-5 120-9 16. New Hampshire September 9,1919 212-145 September10,1919 14-10 17. Utah September 29," Unanimous September 30," Unanimous 18. California November 1, 1919 Unanimous 73-2 19. Maine November 4, " 24-5 November 5, " 72-68 20. North Dakota November 26, 1919 38-4 December 1, 1919 103-6 21. South Dakota December 4, 1919 Unanimous Unanimous 22..Colorado December 11, 1919 Unanimous December 12, 1919 Unanimous -2- STATE DATE SENATE HOUSE 23. Rhode Island January 6, 1920 Unanimous 80-3 24. Kentucky " 6, " 30-8 72-25 25. Oregon " 12, " Unanimous " 13, " Unanimous 26. Indiana " 16, " 43-3 Unanimous 27. Wyoming " 26, " Unanimous " 27, " Unanimous 28. February 7, " Unanimous 43-1 29. New Jersey " 2, " 18-2 " 10, " 34-24 30. Idaho " 11, " 29-6 Unanimous 31. Arizona " 12, " Unanimous Unanimous 32. New Mexico " 18, " 17-5 " 19, " 36-10 33. Oklahoma " 27, " 25-13 " 25, " (1st vote) 74-14 " 28, " (2nd vote) 76-4 34. West Virginia March 3, " 47-40 " 10, " 16-13 35. Washington March 22, " Unanimous Unanimous [*Look up [Coure?tious ?] *] April 15, 1915 THE CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE (5) 493 THE WOMAN'S LIBERTY BELL A bell, donated by Mrs. C. W. Ruschenberger, of Strafford, Pa., was cast at Troy, N. Y., on March 31, in the presence of many advocates of woman suffrage. The Pennsylvania delegation prepared for their journey by a ceremony in Independence Hall, where they gathered about the old Liberty Bell and Mrs. Ruschenberger said: "As suffragists we meet today in Independence Hall, the birthplace of our nation—now the world's great democracy —where in 1776 the Liberty Bell rang to proclaim liberty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants. As believers in equality of citizenship for men and women, we go from this sacred spot to cast a new national liberty bell—a woman's justice bell—which shall ring to proclaim the completion of democracy through the enfranchisement of American women. "As this old Liberty Bell of 1776, which we all cherish and venerate, was first a Pennsylvania bell, and later rang out our national freedom, so may the new Justice Bell ring first, in November, 1915, for political justice in our own State, and Pennsylvania lead the thirteen original States in the triumphant progress of human freedom." The photograph shows the pouring of the molten metal into the mold. On the right are the donor of the bell and Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt. THE BREWERS FIGHT FIRE WITH FIRE Pennsylvania at last has a Governor who is backing local option. On April 6 every county sent delegations to Harrisburg—bankers, merchants, ministers, educators, mechanics, miners, doctors, and lawyers—to plead for the pending bill. The opposition turned out also in large numbers, and made a counter demonstration, exhibiting a petition said to have been signed by 337,200 Pennsylvania voters, protesting against the passage of the local option measure. Governor Brumbaugh and others addressed great meetings in Chestnut Street Auditorium and in Grace Methodist Episcopal Church. sort that will stir the place and set the minister's heart a- beating with unusual rapidity. Perhaps there is a new man in the pulpit, and he is just the minister the officials invited, and forty nervous chills ran through the congregation during Conference for fear the Bishop would not appoint him, but here he is, thank heaven—and what about it? Well, just this: he is not a curiosity to be examined with scientific reserve, but a human being, who thrives on the fellowship of other creatures of the same species. Furthermore, he is a leader who cannot conduct an army very far unless it will follow him. Moreover, it will do him no harm to have his people push him instead of waiting to see how much skill he has in dragging an inert congregation after him. Let the preacher also consider: the time to begin is at the beginning. In a way the opening of a new Conference year is always a beginning, though the pastor has been ten years in the same place. If he has any new plans for advanced work let him get at them at once. The old minister becomes a fresh occupant of the pulpit when he starts off with an enlarged or different program or operations, and the new preacher seems like an old friend if he plunges into his work without waiting for a formal introduction to it. Every Little Helps With that wise interest in religion which is taking hold of the secular press, the New York Tribune is devoting a quarter page each Saturday to the promotion of church attendance. Last week it appealed to Sunday golf-players to take time enough out of the day's recreation for at least one service in a house of worship. These are some of its admonitions: You believe in God, yet you neglect Him. One short hour of the morning to spend in worship of God in such a small amount of time out of the whole week. And, yet, that hour will be well spent in church—well spent, perhaps, in the fact that you may be depriving yourself for that time of some other thing you would prefer to do. It is mighty good for you to deprive yourself sometimes. That hour will be well spent in church, mainly, because it will tend to keep you spiritually in condition—morally fit— just as your golf tends toward keeping you physically well during the coming week. So--play your golf, but-- Go to church tomorrow! That is not what a strict Sabbatarian would call an ideal plea for church attendance, but, considering the temper of those addressed, it will serve. It will seem to many Christians an unnecessary accommodation to the lax spirit of the times touching religion, but it will get under the cuticle of some persons who are impervious to more pious appeals. The Lincoln Who Was and Is The world never gets tired of listening to the praise of ABRAHAM LINCOLN, and writers never grow weary of celebrating his virtues. The fiftieth anniversary of his death, which coincides with the date of this issue of our paper, will call forth a flood of eulogy upon his character and services. It may be interesting to our readers to learn what THE CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE said about Lincoln's personality, in the number which appeared immediately after his assassination. DR. DANIEL CURRY was then its Editor, [*Norwood News*] ]WS, NORWOOD, NEW YORK MISQUOTED, SAYS MRS. CARRIE CATT Alleged That She Cast Reflections on St. Lawrence County at Dinner of Potsdam Alumni CLAIMED MRS. CATT DID CONDEMN NORTH COUNTRY Carrie Catt, chairman of the empire state woman surffage campaign committee, says she did not cast insinuations at the North county in a recent speech before the Potsdam alumni dinner in New York recently. It was published that the well known suffragist, who, by the way, is a native of St. Lawrence county, said that the county was a good place to get out of, that "moss" was thick up there, and the people were illiterate. There is nothing that makes a St. Lawrence county man get hot under the collar quicker than to cast any insinuations toward his county. The county papers were not slow in taking up the cudgel, and now the well known "snuff" has written the following letter to the editor of the Potsdam Courier and Freeman: "A dozen friends have each sent me clippings from papers of the north country arraigning me for remarks purporting to have been made in a speech at the Potsdam alumni dinner in New York. The report must have been written by a person either strangely lacking in a sense of humor, or so hostile to the cause I represent that he meant to deal it a sly blow at my expense. Most of the statements put into my mouth by the correspondent, I not only did not make, but I made none which could have been so construed even by the most indierent listener. The remainder are a confusion of disconnected half statements joined to other partial sentences in such way as to produce a sentiment I did not express or feel. I did say that the moss grows thicker in the east than in the west' It does. Why otherwise should such political reforms as woman surage, the initiative and referendum, the recall, the direct primary minimum wage boards, etc., etc., be coming eastward from the west' I did not insinuate that moss was thicker in St. Lawrene county than in other sections of the state; and most assuredly did [?ot] say or imply that the north county had an undue share of illiteracy. "What I attempted to convey, and failed in one case at least, was my continual surprise at the frequent reluctance of the American born to take up a new idea, although quite in line with his training; and the avidity with which many of the foreign born accept such ideas. "To be misunderstood and misquoted is the inevitable fate of any person, who ventures to speak extemporaneously and I accept it as part of the penalty of being a reformer. I can only say in defense that I did not cherish a reverence for the 'land of my fathers' and a respect for the Potsdam Normal, next to my own Alma Mater in the west, I should not have been at the dinner. I apologize to the correspondent for my presence there. "Carrie Chapman Catt, chairman of Empire state campaign committee." Potsdam, Feb. 8.—The denial of Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, who was a guest of honor at a recent dinner of the Potsdam Normal Alumni in New York, that she made disparaging remarks on the North Country on that occasion has been red with much interest here, particularly by those who were present at the dinner. Mrs. Catt's denial is in the form of a letter to a local paper which gave an account of her speech. Interviews Sunday with several of those who heard Mrs. Catt, on the other hand, confirmed the accuracy of the published reports. One man seen Sunday, who is prominently indentified with a local education institution, and would not allow his name to be used on that account, stated that there could be no question as to Mrs. Catt's meaning. "Mrs. Catt said all that has been credited to her." this man said. "It is evident that it has had a rather different effect than she anticipated. Possibly that has something to do with her denial now." The Normal Magazine, published by the Alumni Association of the local school, in its current number, just issued, has the following on Mrs. Catt's speech: "The principle speaker was Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, who has an international reputation as a suffrage leader and orator and whose parents were born in Potsdam. She was eloquent, witty and extremely sarcastic. It would be difficult for any guest to more thoroughly damn the gods whom her hosts had met to worship. It if be true that the people of St. Lawrence county are more ignorant and more illiterate than the eastsiders of New York city; if the people are so moss covered that they have learned nothing in a hundred years; if it be [?] substance that St. [L?] county is unexcelled in its God forsakenness, then we do not wonder that the speaker congratulated herself on having left it at an early age. As a suffrage address, it was interesting. It could ot be called persuasive." The Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment passed Congress June 4, 1919 States that Ratified R- In Regular Session (8) S- In Special Session (29) In 1919 1. Illinois, R June 10 2. Wisconsin, R, June 10 3. Michigan, S, June 10 4. Kansas, S, June 16 5. Ohio, R, June 16 6. New York, S, June 16 7. Pennsylvania, R, June 24 8. Massachusetts, R, June 25 9. Texas, S, June 28 10. Iowa, S, July 2 11. Missouri, S, July 3 12. Arkansas, S, July 28 13. Montana, S, Aug. 2 14. Nebraska, S, Aug.1 15. Minnesota, S, Sept. 8 16. New Hampshire, S, Sept.10 17. Utah, S, Sept. 30 18. California, S, Nov. 1 19. Maine, S, Nov. 5 20. North Dakota, S, Dec.1 21. South Dakota, S, Dec. 4 22. Colorado, S, Dec.12 In 1920 23. Rhode Island, R, Jan. 6 24. Kentucky, R, Jan. 6 25. Oregon, S, Jan. 12 26. Indiana, S, Jan. 16 27. Wyoming, S, Jan. 27 28. Nevada, S, Feb. 7 29. New Jersey, R, Feb. 9 30. Idaho, S, Feb. 11 31. Arizona, S, Feb. 12 32. New Mexico, S, Feb. 19 33. Oklahoma, S, Feb. 27 34. West Virginia, S, Mch. 10 35. Washington, s, Mch. 22 36. Tennessee, S, Aug. 18 Ratification Proclaimed by Secretary of State. Bainbridge Colby, when thirty-six states had ratified August 26, 1920 37. Connecticut ratified after Proclamation at Special Session, Sept.14, 1920 38. Vermont ratified after Proclamation at Regular Session, Feb.8, 1921 TOTAL RATIFICATIONS 38 HOUSE RATIFICATION The Federal Amendment passed Congress June 4, 1919 States that Ratified R In Regular Session S in Special Session 1919 1920 Ratification Proclaimed when 36 states had ratified Aug 26. 1920 by Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby after Proclamation Connecticut ratified at special [regular] session Sept 14 1920 Vermont ratified as regular session Jan 1921 Total ratifications 38 Failed to ratify Alabama Rejected Georgia " Florida No action Maryland Rejected Mississippi " S Carolina " Virginia " Delaware " Louisiana " N. Car [10] " 10 Recapitulation Twenty nine Special Sessions which ratified the Amendment were called by 10 Democratic governors and 19 Republican governors. Failed to Ratify Alabama, Rejected Georgia, " Florida, No Action Maryland, Rejected Mississippi " South Carolina, Rejected Virginia, " Delaware, " Louisiana, " North Carolina, " Recapitulation Twenty-nine Special sessions, which ratified the Amendment, were called by ten Democratic governors and nineteen Republican Governors. Twenty-four State Legislatures petitioned Congress to pass the Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment, and five of these, New York, Idaho, Nebraska, Ohio, and Missouri, called upon an opposed Federal Senator to change his vote. The Presidential suffrage had been extended in fourteen states: 1919, Illinois; 1917, Nebraska, North Dakota, Rhode Island; 1919, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, Vermont, Wisconsin; 1920, Kentucky. The total number of women enfranchised in the fifteen original states was 7,250,000. In the fourteen presidential suffrage states 8, 000,000 women were enabled to vote for President in 1920. In Texas and Arkansas primary suffrage had been granted to women which was equivalent to a presidential vote. The number of electoral votes affected by the kinds of woman suffrage already won was 326 out of the total electoral college of 531. The fact that so many women would thus vote for the President in 1920 had an overwhelming influence upon the final vote of Congress to submit the Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment and upon the states next called upon to ratify it. Ratification of the Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment 1st, Illinois, June 10, 1919; House, yes, 135; no, 3, Journals; Senate, yes, 46; no, 0, " 2nd, Wisconsin, June 10, 1919; House, yes, 54; no, 2; Journals; Senate, yes, 25; no, 1, " 3rd, Michigan, June 10, 1919 House, yes, 84;no, 0; Journals Senate, yes, 25; no, 0, " 4th, Kansas, June 16, 1919 House, yes, 120; no, 0, Journals Senate, yes, 35, no, 0, " 5th, New York, June 16, 1919 House, yes, 137; no, 0, Sec. State Senate, yes, 44; no, 0, " " 6th, Ohio, June 16, 1919 House, yes, 76; no, 6, Journals Senate, yes, 27; no, 3, " 7th Pennsylvania, June 24, 1919 House, yes, 153; no, 44, Journals Senate, yes, 31; no, 6, " 8th Massachusetts, June 25, 1919 House, yes, 185; no, 47, Journals Senate, yes, 34; no, 5 9th Texas, June 28, 1919 House, yes, 96; no, 20, Sec. State Senate, yes 19; no, 10, Journal 10th, Iowa, July 2, 1919 House, yes, 96; no, 5, Sec. State Senate, yes, 48; no, 0, Journal 11th, Missouri, July 3, 1919 House, yes, 125; no, 4, Sec. State senate, yes, 28; no, 3, " " 12th, Arkansas, July 28, 1919 House, yes, 74, no, 15, Sec. State Senate, yes, 29; no, 2, " " 13th, Montana, July 30, 1919 House, yes, 88; no, 0, Sec. State Senate, yes, 38; no, 1, " " 14th, Nebraska, Aug. 2, 1919 House, yes, 93; no, 0, Journal Senate, yes, 27; no, 0, " 15th, Minnesota, Sept. 8, 1919 House, yes, 120; no, 6, Sec. State Senate, yes, 60; no, 5, " " 16th, New Hampshire, Sept. 10, 1919 House, yes, 212; no, 143, Journal Senate, yes, 14; no, 0, Sec. State 17th, Utah, Sept. 30, 1919 House, yes, 40, no, 0, Journal Senate, yes, 17; no, 0, " 18th, California, Nov. 1, 1919 House, yes, 73; no, 2, Journal Senate, yes, 39; no, 0, " 19th, Maine, Nov. 5, 1919, Sec. State House, yes, 72; no, 68, " " Senate, yes, 24; no, 5 20th, North Dakota, Dec. 1, 1919 House, yes, 102; no, 6, Journal Senate, yes, 41; no, 4, Sec. State 21th, South Dakota, Dec. 4th, 1919 House, yes, 52; no, 0, Journal Senate, yes, 28; no, 0, " 22nd, Colorado, Dec. 12, 1919 House, yes, 58; no, 0, Journal Senate, yes, 31; no, 0, " 23rd, Rhode Island, Jan. 6, 1920 House, yes, 89; no, 3, Journal Senate, yes, 38; no, 1, Sec. State 24th Kentucky, Jan. 6, 1920 House, yes, 72; no, 25, Sec. State Senate, yes, 30; no, 8, " " 25th, Oregon, Jan. 12, 1920 House, yes, 39; no, 0, Sec. State Senate, yes, 27; no, 0, " " 26th, Indiana, Jan. 16, 1920 House, yes, 93; no, 0, Legis. Ref. Bur. Senate, yes, 43; no, 3, " " " 27th, Wyoming, Jan. 27, 1920 House, yes, 44; no, 0, Sec. State Senate, yes, 24; no, 0, " " 28th, Nevada, Feb. 7, 1920 House, yes, 25; no, 1, Sec. State Senate, yes, 8; no, 0, " " 29th, New Jersey, Feb. 9, 1920 House, yes, 34; no, 24, Journal Senate, yes, 18; no, 2, " 30th, Idaho, Feb. 11, 1920 House, yes, 53; no, 0, Journal Senate, yes, 29; no, 6, " 31st, Arizona, Feb. 12, 1920 House, yes, 30; no, 0, Sec. State Senate, yes, 17; no, 0, " " 32nd, New Mexico, Feb. 19, 1920 House, yes, 36; no, 10, Sec. State Senate, yes, 17; no, 5, " " 33rd, Oklahoma, Feb. 28, 1920 (Amended) House, yes, 84; no, 12, Chm. Ratification SEnate, yes, 25; no, 13, Committee 34th, West Virginia, Mar. 10, 1920 House, yes, 47; no, 40, Journal Senate, yes, 16; no, 13, " 35th, Washington, Mar. 22, 1920 House, yes, 90; no, 0, Sec. State Senate, yes, 40; no, 0, " " 36th, Tennessee, Aug. 18, 1920 House, yes, 50; no, 46 Senate, yes, 25; no, 4 The Woman Citizen How the Drys Did It Here is the order in which the first forty states ratified the federal prohibition amendment in one year beginning in January 1918, and ending in January 1919: MISSISSIPPI - Jan. 9, 1918. VIRGINIA - Jan. 10, 1918. KENTUCKY - Jan. 14, 1918. SOUTH CAROLINA - Jan. 23, 1918. NORTH DAKOTA - Jan. 25, 1918. MARYLAND - Feb. 13, 1918. MONTANA - Feb. 19, 1918. TEXAS - March 4, 1918. DELAWARE - March 18, 1918. SOUTH DAKOTA - March 20, 1918. MASSACHUSETTS - April 2, 1918. ARIZONA - May 24, 1918. GEORGIA - June 24, 1918. LOUISIANA - Aug. 8, 1918. FLORIDA - Nov. 27, 1918. MICHIGAN - Jan. 2, 1919. OHIO - Jan. 7, 1919. OKLAHOMA - Jan. 7, 1919. IDAHO - Jan. 8, 1919. MAINE - Jan. 8, 1919. WEST VIRGINIA - Jan. 9, 1919. WASHINGTON - Jan. 13, 1919. ALABAMA - Jan. 14, 1919. ARKANSAS - Jan. 14, 1919. CALIFORNIA - Jan. 14, 1919. ILLINOIS - Jan. 14, 1919. INDIANA - Jan. 14, 1919. KANSAS - Jan. 14, 1919. NORTH CAROLINA - Jan. 14, 1919. TENNESSEE - Jan. 14, 1919. COLORADO - Jan. 15, 1919. IOWA - Jan. 15, 1919. NEW HAMPSHIRE - Jan. 15, 1919. OREGON - Jan. 15, 1919. UTAH - Jan. 15, 1919. NEBRASKA - Jan. 16, 1919. MISSOURI - Jan. 16, 1919. WYOMING - Jan. 16, 1919. MINNESOTA - Jan. 17, 1919. WISCONSIN - Jan. 17, 1919. New Mexico - Jan. 20, 1919 Nevada - Jan. 21, 1919. Vermont - Jan. 29, 1919. New York - Jan. 29, 1919. Pennsylvania - Feb. 25, 1919. New Jersey, Connecticut and Rhode Island refused to ratify. 1) Georgia - July 24, 1919. 2) Alabama - July (?), 1919. 3) South Carolina, January (?) 1920 4) Virginia - February 12, 1920. 5) Mississippi - March 31, 1920. 6) Louisiana - May (?) 1920 (1) 7) Delaware - June 3, 1920 8) North Carolina - August 17, 1920 (2) 9) Maryland - September 22, 1920 (1) Vote on reconsideration; House had previously defeated ratification in April (2) Vote on reconsideration; ratification had been defeated in February [Question 5] The Woman Citizen How the Drys Did It Here is the order in which the first forty states ratified the federal prohibition amendment in one year beginning in January 1918, and ending in January, 1919: [6/28/19] MISSISSIPPI-Jan. 9, 1918 VIRGINIA-Jan. 10, 1918 KENTUCKY-Jan. 14, 1918 SOUTH CAROLINA-Jan. 23, 1918 [MINNESOTA-Jan. 19, 1919] New Mexico-Jan. 20, 1919 Nevada- Jan 21, 1919 Vermont- Jan. 29, 1919 New York- Jan. 29, 1919 Pennsylvania-Feb. 25, 1919 New Jersey, Connecticut and and Rhode Island refused to ratify [*or took no action*] MAZDA STATES THAT HAVE RATIFIED R—In Regular Session (8) S—In Special Session (29) In 1919 1. Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . R June 10 2. Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . R June 10 3. Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . S June 10 4. Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . S June 16 5. Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R June 16 6. New York. . . . . . . . . . . S June 16 7. Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . R June 24 8. Massachusetts. . . . . . .R June 25 9. Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S June 28 [*9 in June*] 10. Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S July 2 11. Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . S July 3 12. Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . S July 28 [*3 July*] 13. Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . S Aug. 2 14. Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . .S Aug. 1 [*2 Aug*] 15. Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . .S Sept. 8 16. New Hampshire. . . . . . S Sept. 10 17. Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S Sept. 30 [*3 Sept*] 18. California. . . . . . . . . . . . S Nov. 1 19. Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S Nov. 5 [*2 Nov*] 20. North Dakota. . . . . . . . .S Dec. 1 21. South Dakota. . . . . . . . .S Dec. 4 22. Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . .S Dec. 12 [*3 Dec*] In 1920 23. Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . .R Jan. 6 24. Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . R Jan. 6 25. Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S Jan. 12 26. Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S Jan. 16 27. Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . S Jan. 27 28. Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S Feb. 7 29. New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . R Feb. 9 30. Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S Feb. 11 31. Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S Feb. 12 32. New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . S Feb. 19 33. Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . S Feb. 27 34. West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . S Mch. 10 35. Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . S Mch. 22 36 Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S Aug. 18 37. Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . S Sept. 14 38. Vermont R Jan. 14 1921 Failed to Ratify 1. Alabama. 2. Georgia. 3. Maryland. 4. Mississippi. 5. South Carolina. 6. Virginia. 7. Delaware. 8. Louisiana. 9. North Carolina. Regular Session in 1921 Only the States that Have Not Acted Are Listed Vermont . . . . . . . January Florida . . . . . . . . . April Regular Session in 1923 1. Alabama . . . . . January Recapitulation Ratified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Failed to ratify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Meet in 1921 (no action yet) . . . 2 —— 48 Party in Power in Legislatures That Have Ratified Ratified Not Ratified Democratic Republican Democratic Republican ——— ——— Arkansas California Arizona Colorado Connecticut Illinois Indiana Florida Idaho Kansas Kentucky Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Non-Partisan Legislature, Missouri but Republican in presidential elections Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Dakota Ohio Oregon Tennessee Pennsylvania Texas Rhode Island Utah South Dakota Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Oklahoma Wyoming Vermont 7 30 1 1 Rejected Republican Democratic Delaware Alabama Mississippi Georgia South Carolina Maryland Virginia Louisiana North Carolina 1 8 Twenty-nine Special Sessions Which Ratified Called by Democratic Governors Republican Governors New York. . . . Smith Arizona. . . .Campbell Missouri. . . .Gardner California. . . .Stephens Arkansas. . . .Brough Colorado . . . .Shoup Utah . . . . Bamberger Connecticut. . . . ? Montana. . . .Stewart Idaho. . . .Davis Nevada. . . . Boyle Indiana . . . . Goodrich Oklahoma . . . .Robertson Iowa . . . . Harding West Virginia . . . Cornwall Kansas . . . .Allen Texas . . . .Hobby Maine . . . . Milliken Tennessee. . . . Roberts Michigan . . . . Sleeper Minnesota . . . . Burnquist Nebraska . . . . McKelvie New Hampshire . . . . Bartlett New Mexico . . . . Larrazolo North Dakota . . . . Frazier Oregon . . . . Olcott South Dakota . . . . Norbeck Wyoming . . . . Carey Washington . . . . Hart (10) (19) LEGISLATURES - [?] STATES BIENNIAL ANNUAL YEAR OF NEXT MEETING DAY AND MONTH LENGTH OF SESSION INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM WHAT MAJORITY ON AMENDMENT ALABAMA QUADRENNIAL 1919 JANUARY 14th NOT OVER 50 DAYS [*Feb 25*] ARIZONA - - 1919 JANUARY 13th 60 DAYS [*Apr 10*] ARKANSAS X - 1919 JANUARY 13th 60 DAYS [*Apr 10*] CALIFORNIA - - 1919 JANUARY 6th NO TIME LIMIT COLORADA - - 1919 JANUARY 1st NO TIME LIMIT CONNECTICUT X - 1919 JANUARY 3rd NOT LATER THAN JUNE 4TH BY CONSTITUTION DELAWARE X - 1919 JANUARY 7th 60 DAYS [*Mch 8*] FLORIDA X - 1919 APRIL 3rd 60 DAYS [*Mch 5*] GEORGIA - X 1919 JUNE 25TH 50 DAYS IDAHO - - 1919 JANUARY 6th 60 DAYS [*Mch 7*] ILLINOIS - - 1919 JANUARY 8th NO TIME LIMIT INDIANA X - 1919 JANUARY 9th - IOWA X - 1919 EARLY IN JANUARY NO TIME LIMIT KANSAS - - 1919 JANUARY 14TH 50 DAYS (OR MORE) KENTUCKY X - 1920 JANUARY 7TH 60 DAYS EXCLUSIVE OF SUNDAYS AND HOLIDAYS LOUISIANA X - 1920 MAY 12TH [*11th*] 60 DAYS MAINE X - 1919 JANUARY 1ST NO TIME LIMIT MARYLAND X - 1920 JANUARY 1ST 90 DAYS MASSACHUSETTS - X 1919 JANUARY 1ST NO TIME LIMIT MICHIGAN X - 1919 JANUARY 2ND SETS TIME - ABOUT APRIL 1ST MINNESOTA X - 1919 JANUARY 7TH 90 DAYS MISSOURI X - 1919 JANUARY 8TH 120 DAYS MISSISSIPPI X - 1920 JANUARY NO TIME LIMIT MONTANA - - 1919 JANUARY 6TH 60 DAYS [*Mch 7*] NEBRASKA X - 1919 JANUARY 7TH 60 DAYS [*Mch 8*] MARYLAND X 1920 JANUARY 1ST 90 DAYS MASSACHUSETTS X 1919 JANUARY 1ST NO TIME LIMIT MICHIGAN X 1919 JANUARY 2ND SETS TIME- ABOUT APRIL 1ST MINNESOTA X 1919 JANUARY 7TH 90 DAYS MISSOURI X 1919 JANUARY 8TH 120 DAYS MISSISSIPPI X 1920 JANUARY NO TIME LIMIT MONTANA 1919 JANUARY 6TH 60 DAYS NEBRASKA X 1919 JANUARY 7TH 60 DAYS NEVADA 1919 JANUARY 20TH 60 DAYS NEW HAMP. X 1919 JANUARY 1ST NO TIME LIMIT NEW JERSEY X 1919 JANUARY 8TH NO TIME LIMIT NEW MEXICO X 1919 JANUARY 9TH 60 DAYS NEW YORK X 1919 JANUARY 1ST NO TIME LIMIT NO. CAROLINA X 1919 JANUARY 8TH 50 DAYS PAY ALLOWED: SESSION LONGER IF NECESSARY NO. DAKOTA X 1919 JANUARY 7TH 60 DAYS OHIO X 1919 JANUARY 6TH NO TIME LIMIT OKLAHOMA X 1919 JANUARY 7TH 60 DAYS OREGON 1919 JANUARY 13TH 40 DAYS PENNSYLVANIA X 1919 JANUARY 7TH NO TIME LIMIT RHODE ISLAND X 1919 JANUARY 2ND 60 DAYS SO. CAROLINA X 1919 JANUARY 8TH 40 DAYS SO. DAKOTA X 1919 JANUARY 7TH 60 DAYS TENNESSEE X 1919 JANUARY 1ST 75 DAYS TEXAS X 1919 JANUARY 14TH 60 DAYS UTAH 1919 JANUARY 13TH 60 DAYS VERMONT X 1919 JANUARY 7TH NO TIME LIMIT VIRGINIA X 1920 JANUARY 14TH 60 DAYS WASHINGTON 1919 JANUARY 13TH 60 DAYS MONTANA 1919 JANUARY 6TH 60 DAYS NEBRASKA X 1919 JANUARY 7TH 60 DAYS NEVADA 1919 JANUARY 20TH 60 DAYS NEW HAMP. X 1919 JANUARY 1ST NO TIME LIMIT NEW JERSEY X 1919 JANUARY 8TH NO TIME LIMIT NEW MEXICO X 1919 JANUARY 9TH 60 DAYS NEW YORK X 1919 JANUARY 1ST NO TIME LIMIT NO. CAROLINA X 1919 JANUARY 8TH 60 DAYS PAY ALLOWED: SESSION LONGER IF NECESSARY NO. DAKOTA X 1919 JANUARY 7TH 60 DAYS OHIO X 1919 JANUARY 6TH NO TIME LIMIT OKLAHOMA X 1919 JANUARY 7TH 60 DAYS OREGON 1919 JANUARY 13TH 40 DAYS PENNSYLVANIA X 1919 JANUARY 7TH NO TIME LIMIT RHODE ISLAND X 1919 JANUARY 2ND 60 DAYS SO. CAROLINA X 1919 JANUARY 8TH 40 DAYS TENNESSEE X 1919 JANUARY 7TH 60 DAYS TEXAS X 1919 JANUARY 14TH 50 DAYS UTAH 1919 JANUARY 13TH 60 DAYS VERMONT X 1919 JANUARY 7TH NO TIME LIMIT VIRGINIA X 1920 JANUARY 14TH 60 DAYS WASHINGTON 1919 JANUARY 13TH 60 DAYS WEST VIRGINIA X 1919 JANUARY 9TH 45 DAYS WISCONSIN X 1919 JANUARY 8TH NO TIME LIMIT WYOMING 1919 JANUARY 14TH 40 DAYS NUE EW YORK CITY — [*# 5009 4 cuts 10 00 per 1000*] This Suffrage Outlook 1916 Can [?] be introduced this year? In the Legislature? By [Initiative] petition? Must it pass 1 or 2 legislatures? How large a vote must it perceive in the legislature? How often does the legislature meet? What is the earliest election at which it can be submitted? How large a vote must it receive? Constitutional Conventions and Remarks Alabama, Jan 1919, _, 1, 3/5 in each House, Quadrennially, G.S., E, Prohibition Arkansas, Jan 1917, yes 8%, 1, majority in each House, Biennially, S.R., E, no provision for a constitutional convention, not more than 3 amendments can be submitted at one time. Prohibition. Connecticut, Jan 1917, _, 2, majority of rep-representatives-1st time 2/3 in each house 2nd time, " , S, A, no provision for a constitutional convention. Delaware, Jan 1917, _, 2, 2/3 in each House, ", _, _, Amendment becomes law by vote of legislature. It does not have to be submitted to the voters. Census may be [?] Florida, April 1917, _, 1, 3/5 in each House, ", G, A, Constitutional Convention may be held whenever voted by 2/3 in each House and approved by majority of electors. Georgia, June 28th 1917, _, 1, 2/3 in each House, Annually, G, A, Constitution Convention may be held whenever voted by 2/3 in each House. Prohibition Indiana, Jan 1917, _, 2, Majority in each house, Biennally, E, No provision for a Constitutional Convention. Iowa, Jan 1917, _, 2, _, _, L, R, Prohibition Kentucky, Jan 1918, _, 1, 3/5 in each house, _, G, A, Only 2 amendments may be submitted at a time and the same one not oftener than once in five years Louisiana, May 1918, _, 1, 2/3 in each house, _, S.R., A, No provision for Constitutional Convention Maine, Jan 1917, Yes, 1, 2/3 concurrent vote in both houses, _, T.M., A, Prohibition Maryland, Jan 1918, _, 1, 3/5 in each house, _, G, A, Constitutional Convention once in 20 yrs Massachusetts, Jan 1917, _, 2, majority in Senate - 2/3 in house, Annually, L, A, No Provision for Constitutional Convention Michigan, Jan 1912, Yes 10%, 1, 2/3 in each house, Biennally, G, A, Michigan undoubtedly carried in 1912 but was fraudulently counted out. Minnesota, Jan 1917, _, 1, majority in each house, _, G, E, _ Mississippi, Jan 1918, _, 1, 2/3 in each house, _, G, E, Prohibition No Provision for Constitu. Convention Missouri, Jan 1917, Yes 5%, in at least 2/3 of the congres-sion [?] districts_1, majority in each house,G,A, if submitted by petition it must have majority of all votes cast at election. Constitutional Convention may be held any time. Nebraska, Jan 1917, Yes, 15% and 5% in 2/5 of counties, 1, 3/5 in each house, G,E,_If submitted by petition the amendment must receive at least 3/5 of the total vote cast at the election. New Hampshire, Constitution A-[?] only once in 7 yrs if approved by 2/3 of vote [?] does not come before [??], Jan 1917, Legislature can extend presidential any municipal suffrage to women without amending Constitution. Constitutional Convention only can propose amendments. New Jersey, Jan 1917,_2 majority in each house,_ Annually_S, A, No amendment may be submitted [?] than once in 5 years, no provision for Constitu. Convention. New Mexico, Jan 1917,_1 3/4 in each house, Biennially,Z, 3/4 of all voting at election; 2/[?] each [?], after 25 years only a 2/3 vote of legislators of electors will be required. New York, Jan 1917,2 majority in each house_ Annually_L,A North Carolina, Jan 1917,_1_3/5 in each house, Biennially, G,A Prohibition. North Dakota, Jan 1918, Yes. 25% in 1/2 counties, 2 Majority in each house, L, A Prohibition also Progressive" no provision for Constitutional Convention. Ohio, Jan 1917, Yes, 10% in state and 5% in 1/2 counties, 1 3/5 in each house, L, A 3% Petition possible if failed 10 days before Legislature meets. If passed it is subject to [?] if not 3% more signatures [??]. Maryland Jan 1 3/5 in each House " G A Constitutional Convention [?] in 20 yrs. 1918 Massachusetts Jan 2 Majority in Senate - Annually L A no provision for Constitutional 1917 2/3 in House Convention. Michigan Jan Yes 1 2/3 in Each House Biennally G A Michigan undoubtedly carried in 1912 1917 10% but was fraudulently counted out. Minnesota Jan 1 Majority in " G E 1917 Each House Mississippi Jan 1 2/3 in each House " G E Prohibition 1918 no provision for Constitu. Convention. Missouri Jan yes. 5% 1 Majority in " G A If submitted by petition it must 1917 in at least Each House have a majority of all votes 2/3 of the cast at election. Constitu- Congressional tional convention may be Districts held at any time Nebraska Jan Yes 15% 1 3/5 in each " G E If submitted by petition the 1917 and 5% in house amendment must receive at 2/5 of coun- least 3/5 of the total votes ties cast at the election New Hampshire Constitu- " Legislature can extend pres- tion A- identially and municipal suf- mended frage to women without only once amending constitution. Con- in 7 yrs. stitutional convention only if approv- can propose amendments ed by -- 2/3 of voters. Does not come be- fore [?? [ ? ] Jan 1917 New Jersey Jan 2 Majority in Annually S A No Amendment may be submitted 1917 each house oftener than once in 5 years no provision for constitu. convention New Mexico Jan 1 3/4 in each house Biennially Z 3/4 of voting at elec- 1917 tion; 2/3 each ety. after 25 yrs only a 2/3 vote of legislators [?] of electors will be required New York Jan 2 Majority in Annually L A 1917 each house North Carolina Jan 1 3/5 in each house Biennially G A Prohibition 1917 North Dakota Jan Yes 75% 2 Majority in " L A Prohibition also "Progressive" 1918 in 1/2 each house No provision for Constitu- counties tional Convention Ohio Jan Yes 10% 1 3/5 in each " L A 3% petition possible if 1917 in state house filed 10 days before legis- and 5% lature meets. If passed it in 1/2 counties is subject to referendum if not 3% more signatures will secure submission Oklahoma Jan yes 15% 1 Majority in " G E Any amendment submitted by 1917 each house. petition may not be voted a 2/3 vote on oftener than once in 3 would secure years. If defeated it must a special election have a 25% petition for re-submission. prohibition Pennsylvania Jan 2 Majority in " L A Some amend one in 5 years 1918 each house no provision for constitutional convention Rhode Island Jan 2 " " Annually T.M. 3/5 of all voting at the election 1917 South Carolina Jan 1 2/3 in each " S.R. Constitutional Convention 1917 After ratification house may be held whenever ap- by people must proved by 2/3 vote in come before legislature and majority legislature on- voting at next election going of representatives South Dakota C 1 Majority in Biennially G A Constitutional Convention Jan each house Nov 1916 any time if approved by 1917 2/3 vote in legislature and majority voting at next election of Leg- islators. Prohibition Tennessee Jan 2 Majority, 1st time " L R Same amend. submitted once in 6 1917 2/3 - second time years Prohibition Texas Jan 1 2/3 in each " L A There is some authority 1917 house for the claim that women can be enfranchised by act of legislature no provisions for constitu. Convention Vermont No, not 2 House Majority} 1st time " S.R. A Constitution may be till Senate 2/3} (1st time) amended only once in 10 1920- years except Majority} for par- in each} 2nd time No provision for con- tial suf- house} stitutional convention frage AND 5% FILED 10 DAYS BEFORE LEGISLATURE IN 1/2 MEETS. IF PASSED IT COUNTIES IS SUBJECT TO REFERENDUM - if NOT 3% MORE SIGNATURES WILL SECURE SUbMISSION. Oklahoma 1917 Yes - 15% 1 MAJORITY IN " G E ANY AMENDMENT SUBMITTED BY EACH HOUSE. PETITION MAY NOT BE VOTED A 2/3 VOTE ON OFTENER THAN ONCE IN 2 WOULD SECURE YEARS. IF DEFEATED IT MUST A SPECIAL HAVE A 25% PETITION fOR ELECTION RE-SUBMISSION Prohibitio? PENNSYLVANIA Jan 2 MAJORITY IN " L A Same amend. once in 5 years. 1917 No provision for Constitutional Convention. RHODE ISLAND Jan 2 " " ANNUALLY T.M. 3/5 of all voting at the election. SOUTH CAROLINA Jan 1 2/3 in EACH " S.R. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION 1917 After ratification MAY BE HELD WHENEVER by people must APPROVED BY 2/3 VOTE IN come before LEGISLATURE AND MAJORITY legislature again! VOTING AT NEXT ELECTION OF REPRESENTATIVES. SOUTH DAKOTA C 1 MAJORITY IN BIENNIALLY G CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Jan EACH HOUSE Nov. 1916 A ANY TIME IF APPROVED BY 1918 2/3 VOTE IN LEGISLATURE AND MAJORITY VOTING AT NEXT ELECTION OF LEGISLATORS. PROHIBITION. TENNESSEE JAN 2 MAJORITY, 1st TIME " L R Same amend. submitted once in 6 1917 2/3 - second time years. Prohibition TEXAS JAN 1 2/3 IN EACH " L A THERE IS SOME AUTHORITY 1917 HOUSE FOR THE CLAIM THAT WOMEN CAN BE ENFRANCHISED BY ACT OF LEGISLATURE No provisions for Constitu. Convention. [*5020 3 50 per 7A*] Record of Vote on Ratification of Federal Suffrage Amendment by Parties Record of Vote on Federal Suffrage Amendment by Parties Record of Vote on Ratification of Federal Suffrage Amendment by Parties in Thirty-Six States State Date Ratified Session of S. or R. Senate by Parties Vote in Senate Senate Vote by Parties Absent and not Voting House b Parties Vote in House House Vote by Parties Absent and not Voting Yea Nay Yea Nay Yea Nay Yea Nay Rep. Dem. Soc. or Ind. Rep. Dem. Soc. or Ind. Rep. Dem. Soc. or Ind. Rep. Dem. Soc. or Ind. 1919 Illinois.........June 10 Reg. Rep. 34 46-0 32 14 0 0 0 0 Rep. 2 Rep. 90 135-3 85 50 0 0 3 0 Rep. 5 Dem. 17 Dem. 3 Dem. 63 Dem. 10 (1 dead) Wisconsin.......June 10 Reg. Rep. 27 25-1 21 0 4 1 0 0 Rep. 5 Rep. 79 54-2 42 1 11 2 0 0 Rep. 35 Dem. 02 Dem. 2 Dem. 4 Dem. 3 Soc. 4 Soc. 16 Soc. 5 Michigan.......June 10 Sp. Rep 32 25-0 25 0 0 0 0 0 Rep. 7 Rep. 98 84-0 82 2 0 0 0 0 Rep. 16. Kansas..........June 16 Sp. Rep 30 35-0 28 7 0 0 0 0 Rep. 2 Rep. 110 120-0 106 14 0 0 0 0 Rep. 4 Dem. 10 Dem. 3 Dem. 15 Dem. 1 Ohio.......June 16 Reg. Rep. 21 27-3 17 10 0 3 0 0 Rep. 1 Rep.77 76-6 52 24 0 1 5 0 Rep. 24 Dem. 12 Dem. 2 Dem. 47 Dem. 18 New York......June 16 Sp. Rep. 29 44-0 25 19 0 0 0 0 Rep. 4 Rep. 94 137-0 88 47 2 0 0 0 Rep. 6 Dem. 22 Dem. 3 Dem. 54 Dem. 7 Soc. 2 Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.