GEORGE S. PATTON DIARIES Original July 3-Nov. 12, 1943 BOX 1 FOLDER 8 DIARY (V) JULY 3, 1943 I NOV. 12, 1943 July 3-43 to Nov 12-43 V 182 7-3-43 Called on Hughes. Col Julius Holmes came in with a wild story about bad behavior of 1st Div. Called Gen Allen to investigate. Hughes went with him. Have not seen H. but Allen says it was an absolutely groundless rumor started by Murphy and helped along by Beadle Smith who takes delight in smearing the character of every one. Visited Brig Strong G-2 AFHQ he had nothing new. * Saw Hewitt and asked that he report any trouble to me and not to AFHQ who always magnify and put what they hear to the discredit of the Americans. Went to see Vice Air Marshall Wigglesworth and told him that I was pleased with the Air Plan this is not wholy true but I can now only work by seduction. He showed me the combined Air and Navy map room of AFHQ not an American in it. It is not in the same 183 class with our map rooms Went for a swim. Saw Allen and told him how good he was, he is a good battle leader. Water was perfect. Sitting on flag bridge after supper with Keyes all the men steal looks at me it is complimentary but a little terrible. I am their God or so they seem to think. Heard that Truscott had the wrong date but don't believe it however I sent him word of the correct one. * Strong said that he felt we the U.S. would be counter attacked at the end of 24 hours I said I thought it would be 48 hours and that I believed the British would get more than the US as they were using vital ports. I told him we might have to swing half right to help the British. He agreed but he would agree to anything. Going to see Bradley in morning. 184 7-4-43 Flew to Mostaganem with Codman. Flint met us at Nouvion. Saw Gaffey at old H.Q. had clothes tried on and paid for them $15.00. Two trousers a shirt and a short coat fairly well cut. While we were at the tailor's quite a crowd collected probably attracted by the motorcycle escort. Drove to Oran had lunch on Kirks flag ship. Bradley and Middleton also present Flew back in fairly bad weather off Tunis I had to do a most distasteful thing. I asked Codman to tell the pilot that if it got worse to turn back. This is so far as I know the only time I ever publicly showed timidity. I think I did it because I hated to run a chance of the next battle. It is a good thing to be alone with nothing to do. it gives the spirit a chance to feed on its self there is 185 an infinite capacity in our own souls which we don't usually develop. It looks as if fate were fattening me up for something I hope I perform when the time comes. Battles take years to get ready for and all ones life can be [be] expressed in one little decision but that decision is the labor of uncounted years. It is not genius but memory - unconscious memory and character and Divine Wrath which does not hesitate or count the cost. A week from tomorrow we should get a good counter attack if one is to come. Last night I sat up till 0100 reading a detective story hundreds of pages about the death of one fool I am sending possible thousands to death and glory and don't or won't think about it 186 the human mind is very queer. Only God could have devised such a complex machine. 7-5-43 Keyes-Ridgeway-Gay and I went to say good by to Gen Ike. We got to the office just as the telegram with Gays promotion came in I took a star off my cap and pinned it on his collar. Ike started out by giving me a long lecture on the bad discipline of the 1st Div. I told him he was mistaken and that any how no one whipped a dog just before putting him in a fight. Then he talked about criticism of the Air Corps I told him that the only criticism of [the Air] had come from the Air Force (referring to Conyinghams attack on the II Corps. He said with out giving any reason that he had followed the British system 187 in using the Air Force. I told him that due to his efforts we were apparently going to get support. This was a fib as I was the one who attacked them and made them come across. At no time did Ike wish us luck or say he was back of us - Fool. After others, including Wedemeyer who had come in, left I told him that I was very appreciative of being selected. He said you are a great leader but a poor planner I replied that except for Torch which I had planned and which was a huge success I had never been given a chance to plan. He said that if Husky turned into a sluging match he might recall me to get ready for the next operation and let Bradley finish Husky I protested that I would like to finish one show 188 I can't make out whether he thinks Brad is a better close fighter than me or whither he wants to keep in with Gen. Marshall who likes Brad. I know that Brad is completely loyal to me. Ike has never asked me to a meal since I have been here; one week. However it turns out I would not change places with anyone I know. I am leading 90000 men in a desperate attack eventually it will be over 250000. If I win I cant be stopped if I lose I will be dead. 7-6-43 Gens Ridgeway and Swing came in at 0715 with the problem of how to get the succeeding lifts of the 82d Div in with out having our land AA shoot them down. On July 2 I took up this question with Adm Cunningham and Wigglesworth they assured 189 it was "Well laid on" we only got the dope at Malta yesterday. The C-47's will come in at our right flank, go in from 2 to 4 miles swing N.W following the coast drop near Gela and go on out near Lacata. This means that they may fly over the Canadians - 45 - 1st 3d & 2d Armored. They will fly under 1000 feet. I wrote a draft and Keyes corrected it I added Paratroops and Gliders. Swing will get it out for us. AFHQ will be excited because did not get the information out sooner regardless of the fact that we only got it this morning. We will have to rebroadcast D, D+1 night and to D+6 Monrovia gave the order "Let go all lines" at 0810 we stood out to the anchorage followed by our landing craft anchored and took them up. Much photography of Adm Hewitt and myself and Algiers as a back drop. 190. We passed the BB Nelson and Rodney and many other ships. At 1710 we got finally under weigh. It is a moving sight but over all is the feeling that only God and the Navy can do anything until we hit the shore. I hope God and the Navy do their stuff. To be stopped now would have a most adverse effect on the future of the World. We will not be stopped. Gen Lucas is sharing my cabin he is most excellent company. 191 7- 7- 43 Lovely day the convoy with the Canadian Div passed us to Port at 1500 we are now following them and Cent Convoy is behind us. Read "Beat to Quarters" most of day. Had the first roll of film from my Minox developed it - turned out well. One flight of 8 unidentified planes picked up on radar about 1430 probably friendly no subs reported Have troops ready if I have to get up in night for an attack. 7-8-43 A very quiet night last night. At the moment 0830 we are off the end of Cape Bonne. The Canadian Convoy is ahead of us and the Joss convoy behind. Lots of officers I talk to say that they look forward to fishing, farming etc after the war. I dont 192 I look forward to fighting here in Japan or at Home for the rest of my days. I called Col. Maddox in and explained that if I have to make a maneuver it will possibly be necessary to disengage the maneuvering unit by first attacking with it about four hours before dark and then pulling out So he is to keep me informed of the number of Trucks available to lift a mass maneuver That is as far as one should plan to do more at this stage of an attack cramps ones style. The motto "Attack and then look" is true. I got the French Legion of Honor Commander Class. I have the usual shortness of breath I always have before a polo game. Took photographs of Gen & Special Staffs 193 Then of Navy and Army Staffs After supper I heard more laughing & singing among the men than I have to date. I would not change places with any one I know right now. 7-9-43 Slept as much as possible. Wind came up in the PM to about 20 M.P.H. this will delay Truscott and his light craft I fear. Had no return of yesterdays nervousness. Read a detective story till 2200 then went to bed. Some soldiers out side the door were talking and said "When we get ashore tomorrow the papers will report that the marines have landed in Sicily." Had the chaplain in after supper to say a prayer Had a dream about a black kitten then lots of cats that spat at me and ran downstairs. Went to sleep 194 D. Day 7-10-43 The Davit on the boat outside my port broke at 0145 and made a loud noise a man fell over board but was rescued. Went on deck at 0155 GALA and all beaches were burning brightly from an air attack which came on earlier. There are four search lights near LACATA which no one is shooting out. At 0215 Kirk asked for an hours delay in H it was then 30 min to H (0245) and Dime has already started for shore. At 0250 some firing SE of Gala partly from us and I think partly from enemy. It was quite cold on deck I had on my leather coat. We may feel anxious but I trust the Italians are scared to death. No attack by Subs or Planes on us yet. Now 0323. All beaches except Joss Yellow were in our hands by 0530 or earlier. The Navy did a fine job in 195 gun fire support sending destroyers to within a mile of the beaches There was one search light E of GELA which kept opening up and then going out when ever it opened the 20 MM tracers flocked toward it like bees to the mouth of a hive. Our 4.2 mortars were very effective also the rockets from the navy patrol boats. About 0900 we could hear on the voice intercept the 16th Inf talking about an tank attack first there were 6 then 10 then 14 and finally 30 tanks the navy put the Boisy on them and the 1st Div got a couple of batteries on about noon they, the tanks pulled out leaving three or four. We also asked for dive bombers at 0925 got them at 1300 too late this is a good example of the need of having bombers waiting on for a call. They could wait for say an hour then on being 196 replaced by others could go on a previously started mission and so on. The Navy AA fired after and badly at our own planes a few Germans came over and got an [S] LST about 1845. it was unloaded. We lost a destroyer last night. Towards 0500 the Germans dropped flares to our east and west to silohete us againt the light but so far as I know did not attack. Our [?aledged] air cover came on at 0500 stay till 2030. Wind high and sea very rough at least 40 small landing boats beached on beach. As I know it now 2200 we are successful at all points "Cool" is landing now and the sea is moderating. We have over 1000 prisoners and have killed quite a fiw our losses are tiny not over 100 so far 197 as I know. Things were so complicated that I did not go ashore feel like a cur but probably did better here. Hewitt is a perfect fool Adm Lewis his C of S is good. Having trouble making Hewitt take over prisoners or move his LST now empty back for the next load. God has again helped me I hope he keeps on. 7-11-43 Keyes Lucas and Wedemeyer went to LACATA. GAY, STILLER and I went to GALA landing at 0930 The beach was pretty messy with six or seven smashed landing craft and three ducks destroyed by land mines While we were waiting to get the water proofing off the scout car, Several shells hit the water about 100 feet off shore We had intended to drive 198 the Hq 1st Div but in passing through Gala saw the Ranger Hq so stopped in. This was very lucky because at that moment there were nine tanks enemy on the road we had hoped to follow (on air roads is given on at this west 2200) one hit quite near to post. At Ranger Hq Col Darby told us he was being attacked so we went to an OP in a house and could see the enemy inf about 700 yards away but we stopped them with a battery of four captured 77 m/m and a company of 4.2 mortars. We then went back to Ranger Hq and found that nine tanks were on the coast road just east of the Bridge it was mined and ready to blow The Houston and a destroyer took them under fire also the Cannon Company of the 26 Inf and two of our tanks all were destroyed later or impressive blow 199 them up. While we were at Ranger Hq we were shelled by 88 and mortars the building was hit and also the house opposite. I have never heard such screaming as the natives put on. Things quieted down and some five hundred prisoners were marched in. Our soldiers started to feed them but I stopped it as we were short of rations Some of the prisoners were Czechs who were willing to talk. Gen Roosevelt came in and also ten tanks from LACATA which Truscott had sent to make contact. We left along the coast Road to find Gens Allen & Gaffey and passed the nine destroyed tanks. Met Allen on the road and were talking to him when some bombers came over I saw 12 our AA was falling all around so we got behind the embankment one piece hit 200 quite close to me. We went to Gaffeys Hq and arranged to renew the attack on the Ponte Olivo air field in the morning while we were there about thirty shells fell around but not too close. We then drove back to Gala and saw a huge explosion just a white cloud several thousand feet high and then black smoke it was a store ship but we lost no men as they got off after she was hit but before she blew up. When we got to Gala they had just repulsed a strong infantry attack with the aid of Navy Gen fire which was most effective. On the beach I saw some fool soldiers digging slit trenches in the middle of a pile of bombs. I told them that a trench then was just 201 a grave and they all moved but just then two planes flew over straffing the beaches and they all jumped back in the holes among the bombs I did not stop walking which steadied the men quite a lot. Returned to the [Ship?] at 1900 very wet. I am well satisfied with my conduct to day. And actually I was not much worried. One Sig officer got panicy and destroyed a lot of signal equipment when the enemy was still three miles away. I put him in arrest. I think that I am one of the firs army commanders who ever drove parallel to his lines and infront of his troops. It was quite a lonesome feeling but realy not very dangerous it is good for self esteem. God certainly watched out for me to day. 202 [*Beya*] 7-12-43 Gen Ike radioed that he would meet me on the beach or the Monrovia at 0600 today. I elected Monrovia. He came in a Lt. Cruiser escorted by a destroyer. The only American with him was Butcher. Adm H. had him to breakfast. When I took him to my room to show him situation he was not much interested but began to compare the sparsity of my reports with the almost hourly news bullitins of the 8th Army. Note: I have intercepts of many of them and they are both non essential and imaginary in the majority of cases. Further more they are not fighting and we are. I directed Gay to send in three reports in addition to regular 1600 situation Report. Ike also told me that I am too prompt in my replies and should hesitate 203 more the way he does before replying. I think he means well but it is most upsetting to get only piddiling criticism when one knows one has done a good job. Ike is now wearing suede shoes a la British. Left Monrovia in an LCT at 1700 saw three Bosche planes shot down on way in also one of our Barrage Baloons. Stopped first at Ranger Hq to see what was going on they had killed fifty and captured 250 Wops. They had one man hurt in the little toe either by a shell splinter or cactus he could not tell which. We have an advanced CP on a nose east of GALA and are sleeping in a huge double house in town. Very gorgeous in marble etc and bed bugs in the beds I had the forethought to use my bedding roll. 204 STILLER captured some champagne and that was all we had for supper excepting a can of cheese. 7-13-43 Got up at six and ate some issue chocolate and coffee went to C.P. and sat on a rock overlooking the water as nothing is set up yet. Sent for Ridgeway, Swing and Bradley. Keyes got in from LACATA. I am not too pleased with progress of 1st Div. They had halted just N of PONTE OLIVO Air Port. Waiting for 16 to catch up. I ordered them to keep moving. We explained the situation in the fronts of the different Divs and of those units of the 82d Air Borne. I then told them the next objectives I wanted and gave each a memo so there would be no mistake. Bradley wanted to get Lt Col Darby to command 205 180th RCT of 45 Div. with rank of Col. Darby preferred to stay with his Rangers. This is the first time I ever saw a man turn down a promotion. Darby is a realy great soldier. I gave him the D.S.C. Gen Wedemeyer asked to be reduced to a Col so he could get the 180th I sent him up to command it as a B.G. I have no real authority to do this but like to help a fighting man. At this moment got a wire from Ike cussing me out because night 11-12 some 27 T47 were shot down. He demanded an investigation and statement of punishments for those guilty of firing on them. Perhaps he is looking for an excuse to relieve me. Actually every effort was made to warn our AA not to fire. And few did but unfortunately the 82 came in during an air attack 206 did not follow the route preordered and were certainly fired on by Navy and probably attacked by Bosch. I am having a full report made but will not try any one if they want a goat I am it. Fortunately Lucas, Wedemeyer and Swing are here and know the facts. It is rather trying to have more trouble from the rear than from the enemy there were 160 planes over us the day of the 11th and many more during the night. Men who have been bombed all day get itchy fingers. Ike has never been subjected to continuous air attack or any other form of death. However he is such a straw man that his future is secure the British will never let him go. Went to lunch at 1250 207 Gen Alexander, Connyingham Aires, & Miller arrived at 1310 so I had to quit eating and see them. They gave us the future plan of operations (see typed diary) which cutts us off from any possibility of taking Messina. It is note worthy that the Allied Commander of a British and American Army had no Americans with him. What fools we are. Have permission to take Agrigento Swing, Lucas and I drove to a point some 3000 yds from BUTERA which Gaffey with Rangers will attack tonight. The whole country we passed through is full of bands of wire pillboxes dugouts as houses gen positions and day ones produced at a vast expense of time and material. All this was made clearer by lack of the will to fight. Had the Italians and the few Germans 208 with them fought to the limit of their ability it would have been most difficult to evict them. Mind over matter. I feel that our success so far has been due to continuous attack we are holding the initiative and must continue to do so. 7-14-43 Made out line plan for continuing the operation under new conditions. Will make a second Corps 3d & 2d Armored under Keyes this unit will have the left and the II Corps the right. Went to LACATA in the BISCAIAN with ADM. CONNOLLY visited Lacata and lunched with Truscott told him to take AGRIGENTO and to arrange with Connolly for naval fire support. Congratulated Truscott and 3rd Div most warmly. Truscott gave me an Italian flag taken at 209 Lacata. Lucas was with me. Again amazed at the work put on defensive positions and the lack of heart shown in their defense. BUTERA surrendered at 0400 took about 100 Germans and many Italians. Germans are not fighting as well as in Tunisia. I feel that the 3d Div & 2d Armored Div could take PALERMO in three days if we are turned loose. Shall ask to do it in a day or so. Met the Tabor of Goumes who just landed at Lacata and are attached to the 3d Div. Asked Adm. Connolly to supper. 7-15-43 Bradley - a most loyal man - arrived in great excitement about 0900 to report that a Capt in the 180 RCT 45 Div. had taken my insruction to kill men who kept on shooting until we got within 200 yds seriously and had shot 210 some fifty prisoners in cold blood and also in ranks which was an even greater error. I told him that it was probably an exaggeration but in any case to tell the officer to certify that the dead men were snipers or had attempted to escape or something as it would make a stink in the press and also would make the civilians mad. It turned out that some were actually snipers and that since the enemy had been booby traping their dead and blowing up our burial details the troops were pretty mad. Any how they are dead so nothing can be done about it. After lunch Col Campanole and I drove to Ragusa a fair town and also to COMISO air field and the Hq of the 45th Div where we complimented Middleton on his very fine performance. We then drove to BISCARI air port there had been quite a fight 211 there the day before and Gen Wedemeyer had done well as acting regimental commander. For at least five miles we smelled dead men whom there had been no time to bury. Wigglesworth came in at Hq and was much pleased with the honest compliments I could and did pay the air for their Pre D Day and D Day activities. Defensively against counter attacks they were too slow. Bet him we take Palermo by 7/23/43 Pointe Olivo got [bombard?] this morning no danger but they left delay action bombs. 7-16-43 At 0930 Bradley called to say that the 26 RTC 1st Div was being over run by enemy tanks and needed help I told him I would attend to it Keyes went up and phoned back "Fire out $10 damages". They had been hit from the left by 15 212 M-IV tanks that ran through a Bn on their left. But some of the 70 Tank Bn M 5 right met them and destroyed those M IV's with a loss of two M V slightly injured The artillery got two more tanks and the enemy pulled out. We are still attacking AGRIGENTO but have not taken it at 1800 they were counter attacking I think it is to cover a withdrawal Lucas left at 1500 via T 47 with a lot of hope especially to see that we get a share of the glory and can at least have a try at PALERMO also to get names of the divisions released. Lt Gen H. Lees 30 Corps says we can use road 117 this will be a great help. We deserve well of Lees as we have cleared most of his objectives for him. 213 7-17-43 Last night received a radio from 15 Army Group " On completion of the operations ordered in my 0.569 dated 13 July Eighth Army will drive the enemy into the Messina peninsula advancing by three main aces. (A) Northward from Catania. (B) Leonforte-Regalbuto-Ardano (C) Nicosia-Troina-Randazzo. Seventh army Will protect rear of echelon (eighth army?) in two phases. (1) Establish a secure base with one division in area RJ H087- Villarosa-Enna-Caltinissetta. (2) Thrust north to hold RJ's at Petralia & H0195" "The road Vizzini-Caltagirone- Piazza Amerina-RJ H1979- Passing east of Enna-Nicosia must be left free for use of eighth army. If it intails no heavy fighting the capture of Agrigento & Porto Empedocle will be captured-----" Since this message puts the Americans in a secondary 214 roll which is a continuation of such rolls for the whole campaign and may find the war ending with us being overlooked I am flying to Tunis to see Gen Alexander. I am sure that neither he nor any of his British staff has any conception of the power or mobility of the 7th Army nor are they aware of the political implications latent in such a course of action. I arranged a map showing how I want to operate which is to push N & NW with the II Corps and cut the cent road while at the same time we will send a provisional corps under Keyes on a long end run toward N to capture Palermo the 2d Armored to be held in Army reserve. The Keyes Corps to be composed of elements of 82 Air borne now in Sicily and the 34th CT ninth Div. all under Ridgway 215 We, Wedemeyer and I got to Hq 15 Army Group at 1345 Alex said that he had planned to do just what I asked but his Chief of Staff had failed to tell me (pretty weak) and said I could do it if I would assure him that road [net?] near Caltanissetta would be held. If I do what I am going to do there is no need of holding any thing but it is a mean man who wont promise so I did. While I was with Alex Gen Swing came in and showed me two letters he had written Ike about the shooting up of the second lift of the 82. The letters were very fair and showed that the whole thing was an incident of battle. Ike came a moment later and failed to criticize me for the first time since 216 I have served under him. In fact he was most complimentary and said "You ought to see the radio I am going to send Marshall about you to night if I keep on picking Army Commanders like you they may think I am a Napoleon" Got back to Gala at 1900. 7-18-43 Gen Bradley completed move of 45 div from right to left of II Corps a very fine and well executed operation. I had a very bad stomach attack last night and feel like hell. 7-19-43 Gillem Stiller and I drove to see II Corps and 45 Div we passed over all the battle fields of the 1st Div and Rangers. As always I was amazed at what our troops have accomplished over truly terrible country. Every where one looks 217 there are destroyed trucks guns and tanks. At Mazzarino there is a very fine chateau on the top of a rocky hill it must have been a hell of a climb. But these old people realy know nothing of the horrors of war even when they fed Christians to lions they dealt in hundreds. At Caltasetta we killed at least 4000 civilians by air alone the place smells to heaven as the bodies are still in the ruins. I had to feel sorry for the poor devils. We had lunch in the Facist palace which strange to say was not hurt much. It was truly magnificent all velvet and brocade and gold chairs we had lunch of "C" rations in the state dining room on a silk table cloth lovely china and silver and toilet paper napkins. After lunch we went to a high place and had a 218 look to the north where the 157 RTC is in a fight. The Canadians have slipped past Enna to the east leaving it to us though they were supposed to have taken it. This makes a nasty hole through which the Germans could penetrate if they had the strength - I doubt that they will. Bradley will take it tomorrow with the 1st Div. I have never seen such dust every time we passed any thing we had to stop till the dust settled as we could not see a thing. My face and hair were as gray as my shirt when I got back The whole trip of nine hours convinces me still more that my policy of continuous attack is correct. The further we press the more stuff we find abandoned that should not be 219 abandoned. The Italians are fighting very well in face of certain defeat. They must crack soon. I think that the British have a bear by the tail in the Messena peninsular and we may have to go in and help. Had they let us use road 117 and take CALTAGIRONE and ENNA our selves instead of waiting for them we would have saved two days and been on the north coast now. Alex has no idea of either the power or speed of American Armies we can go twice as fast as the British and hit harder. But to save B. Prestige the XXX Corps had to make the envelopment and now I think they are stuck. They attacked CATANIA with a whole division yesterday and only made 400 yds. Keyes has patrols in 220 SCIACCO now and we may be able to turn the Armor loose on the 21st. Our method of attacking all the time is better than the British system of stop build up and start but one must judge by the enemy reaction. I can do it here Alex cant in Tunis. Our score as of today is US K W M 611 2564 1500 = 4675 P Enemy 6572 25851 = 32423 US Losses Tanks Art Vehicles 26 77 279 Enemy. 84 248 446 (very low) 7-20-43 Sent Gay to see Keyes and Maddox to see Bradley. We took Enna at 0943 Butch came in from east 8 min later so that is that. 221 Gillem left to day I think he is quite impressed. Decorated large number of WTF with Legion of Merit it has taken eight months to shake them loose. Band played Star Spangled and God Save the King then I had a concert and all the dagoes cheered and danced and asked for food. I often wonder when one of them will try to kill me but I think that apparent lack of fear bluffs them it is good for the troops to see my flags flying all over the front. One dies but once and I am on a high spot, a victorious memory may be better than to survive success and be forgotten. However I feel that I have still much to do so probably wont get killed but I do hate to be shot at just as much as 222 I ever did. Keyes is going great we may get Palermo by the 23 and I will win my bet with Wigglesworth. 7-21-43 Moved CP from GALA to AGRIGENTO. Campy and I drove along the coast to CP CCA of 2d Armd some miles west of Menfi. Keyes had gone to see Truscott so we missed him 2d Armored started to move into assault position east of CASTEL[E]VETRANO at 1530 and we hope they will get PALERMO tomorrow. 82-39 RCT and 3d Div are stopping east of road 119 so asto avoid cramping style of 2d AD If this works it will be a classic example of the proper use of armor. I told Gaffey and Rose to take chances to smoke the enemy and then charge with tanks I am sure that this will work as the enemy is jumpy and justly so it is the proper use of 223 armor under the circumstances. Flew back in a couple of cubs had a tail wind and made good time. Gen Larkin & Col Stuart and Gen House were at my quarters. Gen Lees XXX Corps came to supper. Lees talked over the operation against Messina. The B's want us to take, Roads 113 & 120 to take the place from the west had they made this decision sooner we would now be much further advanced. I will give the II Corps 9th Div which in anticipation of this move I asked for on the 19th also I will give him all the extra artillery he can use. The B's have a pretty bloody nose south of CATANIA. XXX Corps will attack west on 121 and N on PATERNO. Also N on CATANIA. They have asked for their 78 Div which last week they said they did not need. They have been attacking LEONFORTE for three days 224 with out success. We will probably have to take it with the 1st Div from the N. I realy feel like a great Gen to day all my plans have so far worked I hope God stays with me. Keyes sent a message "Peanuts for breakfast which means that 2 A D will be on the way at 0600 22 July. 7-22-43 Campanole, Stiller and I left for the front at 1400 we drove in a Scout Car followed by a jeep as far as about six miles [E?] S of Castelvetrano the road was fairly open from then on it was solid with the rear elements of the Provisional Corps moving forward. We passed one enemy light tank by the road covered with blood also several 105 m/m German Guns destroyed with quite a few dead about them when ever I passed any of the 2d Armored they 225 first saluted and then waved it was quite cheering. There were very few operational casualties in the tanks I saw not over four out of some three hundred moving up. Road discipline was superior. About dusk we got to the CP of the 2d Armored and Col Perry the C of S told me that he thought Palermo had fallen and that Gens Keyes and Gaffey had entered he volunteered to guide me in the pass over the hills is most difficult and had been defended but to no purpose. The hills on each side were burning and also an ammunition dump lit up the night and made it thrilling I got to Hq in the Royal Palace at about 2200 and found that Keyes and Gaffey had gone to a hotel and that CCA & Elements of the 3d Div had the town under control So I went to the hotel and 226 Saw Keyes & Gaffey and congratulated them. We had a small flask and each took a drink On the way up we passed some very fine Tank traps there was a pit on the right ten feet sq and about ten deep covered with matting and dirt so it looked like the land. Then some 30 yds further a similar pit on the left each had wire infront of it so that traffic had to stop and make an "S" to get though the hope is that in battle tanks will disregard the wire and go straight in. They did not. "Loves labor lost" they also had anti tank ditches ten feet deep and twenty wide as long as a mile we went around them. Only killing stops good troops defenses sap the vitality of those who make them. I feel that future students of the C & G S will study the campaign of Palermo 227 as a classic example of the use of tanks. I held them back far enough so that the enemy could not tell where they were to be used then when the infantry had found the hole the tanks went through and in large numbers and FAST. Such methods assure victory and reduce losses but it takes fine leadership to insure the execution. Gen Keyes provided perfect leadership and great drive. The praise should be his. Alex radioed. "This is a great Triumph. Personal for Gen Patton from Gen Alexander. Well done. Heartiest congratulations to you and all your splendid soldiers" I told him once that Americans need praise here it is. 228 7-23-43 I won a bottle of jin from Wigglesworth. I bet him on the 15th that we would take Palermo by mid night of the 23 we took it at 1924 on the 22. Harbor less damaged than reported but water front and much of city terribly destroyed. I took some pictures. All the people clapped us and yesterday they threw flower at Keyes. Most of the Italian soldiers saluted me and then clapped. War is lots of fun I like it more all the time. Our men look pretty tired yesterday the 7th Inf marched 35 miles to battle We will move Hq to Palermo soon. Flew back to Agregento. 7-24-43 Hubner, Grunther and Hamblen came in at 0830. Hubner has been relieved as deputy 229 Chief of Staff at 15th Army Group largely I know because he stood up for American interests Beadle Smith (The SOB) relieved him at the request of Alex probably instigated by Richardson (C of S) it is a sad commentary that a man must suffer for being an American. Grunther is just snooping trying to find out how we do things every time I say any thing he writes it in his notebook. Hubner showed me a copy of a dispatch from Montey to Alexander as follows: Fol 0485. "Most Secret - Most immediate 12 July 43 "To be handed to Gen Alexander from Gen. Montgomery" "My battle situation very good. Have captured Augusta and my line runs thence through Sartina - Vizzini - Ragusta - Scicli. Intend now to operate on two axes. 13 Corps on Catania and northwards. 30 Corps on Caltagigona - Eina - 230 Leonforte. Suggest (American Division?) at Comiso might move westward to Niscimi and Gela. The maintenance and transport and road situation will not allow of two armies both carrying out extensive offensive operations. Suggest my army operate offensively northward to cut the island in two and that American army holds defensively on line Caltonessetta - Canicatti - Licata facing west. Proposition available maintenance to be allocated according. Once my left corps reaches area Leonforte - Enna, the enemy opposing the Americans will never get away." "Dist" "Pa to C in C 2 action personal" "Som 0600B/43" On the 13th (see diary) Alex stopped me from going east clearly as a result of the above message and was very reluctant to my 231 Agrigento. On the 16th Col. Henriques (Brit) told me that the C of S of the 8th Army sent me a message to pay no attention to any order from Alex. Whether this is in good faith or as a bait I did not and dont know. Nice people. On the 17 we got an order (see diary) completely tying us up and wholy in consonance with message from Monty of the 13 see above. In other words Monty [is] was trying to command both armies and getting away with it. Had the order of the 13th had left the 7th Army route 117 we could have taken Enna - Leonforte and Nicoisia by the 17 or 18 and would now be in or near Messina because at that time the third German Div was not on the island. Now the British have given me 117 and 120 and are damned glad 232 we are there. The Canadians never took Enna and lost 700 men trying then they took three days to take Leonforte the rest of the 8th Army has not gained a foot and the 7th Army has taken most of the island. Visited temples in the PM. accompanied by the Mayor. There are three the highest up Juno, is the middle one Concordia and the lowest one Hercules. Concordia is quite in tact only the roof missing and is said to be larger than the Parthenon they all three date from between 500 & 600 BC Hercules is badly bashed so I asked the Mayor what happened to it. He said it was destroyed in a war also I asked which and he said the 1st or Second Punic War. There is a Via Sacre connecting the temples along which there are hundreds 233 slot for rope. of tombs out in the split rock. The stones were pulled into place up inclined planes and in order to get them close together they cut a "U" shaped slot in the ends so that the rope could still pull while the stones were being forced up. Got a message about 1800 to report at Siracusa Air Port tomorrow at 1100 to see Alex and Monty - I fear the worst but so far have held my own with them. 7-25-43 The Hq. started for Palermo at 0800. Harkins, Codman and I left in Gen Houses T 47 with two Spits for escort at 0950 and got to Siracusa at 1020. Monty was there with several staff officers. I made the error of hurrying to meet him he hurried a little too but I started it. He at once asked me to look at his map and see about boundaries. He had it drawn so that 234 we 117 north of PLAZZA ARMERINA and route 120 as far as RANDAZZA. I told him I had to have as far as LINGUAGLOSSA so I could use the road running N from there I also said that if I got there ahead of him I would go on to 114 and then N. The 9 miles between Randazza and L. to be mutual he agreed so readily that I felt something was wrong but have not found it yet. I also got all of 117 which is in fact more or less useless to both of us now. 8th Army will push on with the Canadians and try to get ADRANO then on 2 August the Canadians will turn N on BRONTE-RANDAZZO the 51 will attack PATERNO in a NE direction and the 13 Corps N on Catania and to west. If they break through they will move N on 114 we will attack east along 120 & 113 trying to reach the line NICOSIA- S. STEFANO by 2 Aug. I hope to reach it by night of 28 July we do not have to stop. 235 After all this had been settled Alex came he looked a little mad and was for him quite brusque he told Monty to explore his plan. Monty said He and I had already decided what we were going to do so Alex got madder and told Monty to show his plan he did then Alex asked for mine. And agreed but said there were supply difficulties which Gen Miller would explain. All Miller wanted to do was to cut my LST's to 35 I held out for 45 to which Miller reluctantly agreed but said it was up to Admiral Cunningham on this Beadle Smith broke in and told Miller that AF HQ would make the division and that he Miller was too prone to forget the existence of AFHQ (so is every one else as it never asserts its self) I then said I wanted LCT's for at least a reinforced Bn for small amphibious [tanks?]. Alex did not think 236 much of this but agreed to try I also said I needed cruisers and Richardson said he would see we got them I doubt if he does. He also asked if I knew Hubner had been relieved I said I did he said "I want to assure you that 15th Army Group is completely allied in mind and favors neither Army". I know this was a lie but said I felt that he was right - God pardon me. The meeting then broke up no one got offered any lunch and I thought that Monty was ill bred both to Alex and me. Monty gave me a 5c cigar lighter some one must have sent him a box of them. We flew back to Palermo in just an hour arriving at 1430 at the same moment the rest of the Staff came in by motor. Keyes met me and there was a guard of honor from the 3rd Div and a band. We 237 occupy the royal Palace I am in the Kings room and there are by count seven Anti-rooms between my room and the State dining room. My bed has three matresses on it but is very uncomfortable there is a bath room with warm water also electric lights. Many fine oil paintings on the walls and much gold furniture mirrors etc. You drive up an incline through two courts to reach my rooms, there is also a grand stair case very dirty. All sorts of retainers live in holes about the place and all give the Facist salute. Stiller has no flare for history and said he was sure he could find me a nicer place in some good boarding house. I prefer the historical lift of sleeping in a royal bed and cleaning my teeth in a glass etched with the Arms of Savoy 238 7-26-43 Heard that Mussolini had retired. Drove to near CEFALU to see Middleton on way about 0930 heard firing at sea and saw a cloud of smoke one of our destroyers had been hit. Before I left Lucas went back to Algiers to see about Naval gun fire support and LCT's. I told him to see about relieving Allen and T.R. with out prejudice and replacing them with Hubner and Cota. I sent Ike a letter by him to the same effect. The 45 is having hard going due to road blocks and Germans but is pushing on. The 1st got run off a hill but retook it. Brad came in after lunch at Hq. 45 Div. He is a little windy about his rear and last night halted the 45 when some ships appeared at 239 sea off the coast they are ours. I told him to forget it and push on. Came back and called on the Cardinal. He lives in a convent as his palace was bombed. He is very small and quite intelligent. They took a lot of pictures of us in the bosom of the church. I offered to kiss his ring but Keyes said no that only the faithful did that - he did. We went into a chapel and prayed. The Mother Superior is a French woman and we talked a little. He is coming to call on me at 1100 tomorrow. Raised a little hell about supply. Wired Ike to try and make Hewitt send cruisers. McSherry and Truscott came in. Paddy Flint took over 39 CT 7-27-43 Inspected CAC AA the Colonel did not know 240 where his batteries were I told him to visit all of them at once and be able to guide me personally next time. Cardinal had Red hat red cape red gown covered with white lace. Arch Bishop also was pretty snappy we gave them canapes and champagne. The Church is on our side. Score for to day P. guns Trucks Tanks 72000 300 670 150 7-28-43 Tried to fly to CP II Corps at 0830 but weather too bad with heavy wind and dust. Gen Monty his AO and C of S arrived at noon Codman met them at Air Port with escort of Scout cars and motor cycles. Keyes and I met them at Palace with company of 15th Inf and a band. I hope Monty realized that I did it to show him up 241 for doing nothing for me on the 25th. After lunch he showed me his plan. Three Brigs of Canadians hope to take AGIRA to day and pass on to the east the 4th Canadian brig moving north of the River DITTAINO will attack REGALBUTO from the south. The 78th div now leading will attack on Aug 2 from CATENANUOVA on ADRANO the 51st will attack in the direction NE on PATERNO having reached the foot of Etna the 78 & 51 swing east on BELPASSO and the Canadians start north on BRONTE. 13 Corps 5 & 50 to hold. Monty kept repeating that the move of our 45th Div along the coast was the most significant operation. I cant decide whether he is honest or wants me to lay off 120. On the other hand he said that if we got to TAORMINA first we were to turn south. Previously he had insisted that we not come as far as the coast. 242 Air Marshall Broadhurst talked over air support with House. The 1st Div took NICOSIA this PM the 45 has not yet got S. STEFANO the 157 is approaching it and the 179 is trying to get MISTRETTA. I spurred both Bradley and Middleton a little to day. I felt they were getting sticky but probably I am wrong. 1830 just got word that after we took NICOSIA Germans on next hill to east waved white flags 91st Recon sent two half tracks and a peep to accept surrender when they got close Germans opened fire and killed or captured all but one man. This will mean the death of many more Germans. Damn them! 7-29-43 Tried to fly to II Corps at 0815 Too much fog at 1030 took off in scout car. Drove via 120 the road from PETROLLO to GANGI is terrible and made worse by the crazy driving of the 47 QM Truck Bn colored. Wrote the Colonel a letter 243 GANGI is the queerest town I have ever seen it looks like plant lice on a rose bud or like an armadillo on top of a pyramid got to II corps two miles E of Gangi at 1530. We talked over the use of the 9th Div and also about replacing the 45th with the 3rd. The 1st Div is doing well but is certainly lacking in elan. It was too foggy to fly back so I drove arriving at 2000 quite dirty. Eddy who came last night spent the night with II Corps. Got a wire in reply to my request sent by Lucas to relieve Allen and Roosevelt. But it said "Allen with out prejudice" and by implication left R. with prejudice. Now while I think R is not good still he fought with great gallantry for over eight months. I think he should go with out prejudice. Both of them are suffering from battle fatigue. Adm Davidson is coming 244 tomorrow with two cruisers to work the Navy and they should be of great value. 7-30-43 Left at 0715 to see Middleton got there at 1000 the CP is two miles south on the [unimproved?] road 5 miles E of CEFALU. M. looked tired and his attacks have lacked drive so I said "I think I will give the 45th a rest and use the 3rd" He said "I would never ask for a rest" I said "it is my duty to see that the best interests of the US are served so I will give you a rest" I wired Truscott to come up and arrange details of relief with M. Drove to the CP of the leading Bn 157 just W of S. STEFANO they were attacking I talked to the men and said "I hope you know how good you are 245 for every one else does you are magnificent". I also told the Engrs what fine work they had done. They have but love to be told. I caught a cub and flew back as Alex had said he would be in at noon. I got back at 1245 he was not here so at 1315 I dismissed the guard of honor at 1400 he wired he was not coming. Hubner & Weyman came in to lunch. I will hold them until I have talked to Ike about doing the right thing by Teddy R. Got some letters dated May 9th. 7-31-43 Gen Ike was to arrive at 0930 but due to the fact that he came in a C-47 instead of a B-17 he did not arrive till 1035. We had scout car escort and guard of honor the latter 246 from his old Bn of the 15th Inf The only unit he ever commanded. He was quite relaxed but did not compliment us. He did say that I had moderated which he thought a compliment but I regret. I tried to get him to stay all night so I could take him to the front and show him the truly appaling nature of the mountains but he had to leave at 1400. We had lunch and I showed him the harbor he was not much interested He says the 8th Army will cross at Messina and the 5th U S land at Naples with one American corps the 6th 34th & 36 and the 10 Brit Corps. If things get serious the 7th Army will land later near Florence otherwise we will go to U.K. for the big push. I have a feeling that the UK show will never materialize the British 247 don't want to have England bombed. The Philadelphia L. cruiser had a [torpedo] dive bomber attack to day but was not hurt. There were four Spits over her who chased the Bosch away. The 1st Div got to CERAMI [*mistake it was TROINA*] to day. The 45th is still sticky and is only in S. STEFANO I got Ikes permission to relieve both Allen & Roosevelt in same terms on the theory of rotation of command. There will be a stink over Teddy but he has to go brave but other wise no soldier. Hubner and Wayman go up in the morning. 8-1-43 We were bombed for an hour last night from 0400 to 0500. Our AA got two of them and our Spits two others. We lost one coaster and a train with 100 tons of ammunition & 50 of gas. Type 248 Keyes, Lucas and I drove around about 0415 we were on the dock when a bomb hit the water quite close but did no harm. The 3rd Div has passed through the 45 and has progressed some miles east of taking S. STEFANO on the right the 39 RCT has passed through the 1st Div and is west of TROINA - we have started to move and more. All the men of the 9th Div (2 RCT's) who came in last evening should be ashore by dark. I expect we will get bombed again to night hope we don't lose any combat equipment. Lucas went up to front to see country. The mountains are the worst I have ever seen it is a miracle that our men can get through them but we must keep up our steady pressure the enemy simply can't stand it besides we must beat the 8th Army 249 to Messina. 8-2-43 Inspected all sick and wounded in 91st Hospital, pinned on some 40 P.H. on men hurt in air raid [road]. Went to a special Mass in Royal Chapel. I was only one present except Campie. I told them to have a Low Mass The chapel was built in 1040 by a Norman Duke and is very beautiful with frescoes on the wall and inlaid pictures above the altar.) Alex came at 0930 we had an escort and Guard of Honor took him around water front and to lunch. After lunch I showed him around Palace it has one very fine room 140 feet long and 60 wide with frescoes of the Labors of Hercules on the wall. I told him I either had to retain the 82d Div or have it replaced by 250 an equal number of combat infantry. Gen Miller his G-4 was as usual trying to steal some of our boats. I told him that there was no use starting on a new war till we had won this one and we needed the boats to win it he had to agree. Gen Ridgeway wrote that his public relations officer objected to an order I had issued to shoot people who cut telephone wire "with out trial" I investigated and found that the order is in accord with international law if one leaves out the sentence "With out trial" I amended the order and had the officer relieved. August 3 1943 Lucas, Stiller and I left in the command car followed by a peep at 0730 to visit Hq II Corps at front. We stopped along the road to talk to men and find out why tanks had 251 not been repaired reached Bradley at 1300. His CP had been raided at 0645 by enemy planes who dropped nine bombs but hit no one. On way I stopped at an Evacuation hospital and talked to 350 newly wounded one poor fellow who had lost his right arm cried another had lost a leg all were brave and cheerful the 1st Sgt of C Company 39th Inf was in for his second wound. He laughed and said that after he got his 3d wound he was going to ask to go home. I had told Gen Marshall some months ago that an E man hit three times should be sent home. In the hospital was one louse. He was unhurt but told me that he was unable to take it - just a coward I gave him hell and slapped his face with my glove. Companies should deal with such men and if they shirk try them for 252 cowardice. After lunch w. Bradley we drove to CERAMI from which we had a good view of a battle in which the 1st Div reinforced by 39 RCT of 9th was attacking TROINA. Some big shells hit about a block from us but did no harm. One old civilian was sitting in front of his house the picture of woe. Gen Roosevelt came up all perturbed about being relieved I reassured him and also Allen. Flint came up looking fine. We then drove to S. STEFANO the country is appauling. We went east on the coast road to quite near S. AGATA where we talked to Truscott and Ratty Johnson who commands the 15 RCT leading the attack. Truscott is very confident that he will take S. AGATA tomorrow I doubt it but did not say so. The smell of the dead along the road is very noticeable. 253 We got a couple of cubs and flew to Palermo in 50 min arriving at 2000. The cars did not get in until after mid night. 8-4-43 Had an air raid at 0400 for about fifty minutes little harm was done. Worked on my diary. Asked Gen McSherry in charge of Civil Affairs to have cause local civilians to bury German and Italian dead found in their fields and bring us the Dog Tags. Also told him to put a crimp in the Fascists who are running a black market and stealing food from the poor. Gen McClure in charge of publicity was in. I told him he should take a motor trip over the country so he could see how bad it is and get proper credit for our men. He will do it tomorrow. 254 8-5-43 Inspected docks and all rear echelon installations. Busted some pictures of Mussolini with my dagger and had one realy good bust smashed at Post Office. I consider such acts a pity but if one is not an iconoclast one is considered unpatriotic. Bought a bed spread for $100.00 also sent 1800 to Riggs Bank and kept two hundred. Am having great trouble getting navy to go in for the Amphibious operation east of S. STEFANO. Navy have no idea of the value of time or the need for improvise if they cant have every thing they say they cant move. I don't think much of them as fighters. They have had two destroyers smashed here and realy think they should pull out. I move to S. STEFANO tomorrow. Tooey Spatts came in to see me as usual he was dirty 255 unshaved and [?ted] by British. 8-6-43 Advanced CP left for S. STEFANO at 0800. I left at 1600 by cub arriving at the landing field east of S. ST. at 1700. I stopped to inspect the Field hospital of the 3rd Div, saw two men completely out from shell shock, one kept going through the motions of crawling. [*Type here*] One man had the top of his head blown off and they were just waiting for him to die, he was a horrid bloody mess and not good to look at or I might develop personal feelings about sending men to battle that would be fatal for a general. The CP is in tents in an ancient olive trees it is quite pretty. The Germans fire at it every half hour with great regularity before dark 256 they were getting overs after dark they got shorts and the pieces came over I was a little worried for a few seconds and feel ashamed of my self but I got over it. I have trained my self so that usually I can keep right on talking when an explosion occurs quite close. I take a sly pleasure in seeing others bat their eyes or look around. TROINA TAKEN 0830 by 16 inf 8-7-43 Called Keyes right after breakfast to see how Amphibious operation was coming on, yesterday the Germans dived bombed one of our LST's, so it could not go last night. Keyes said that it is off for tonight too, so I went to see Truscott, he said he could support it tonight so I told Keyes to put it on. Truscott and I with Codman 257 drove to an [O.R.] O.P. up the mountain the 3rd Div Engrs had built the road five miles long from noon on the 5th to day light on the 6th - a great feat. It was very hazy. S. FRATELLO is not over 4000 yds from the OP air line but it takes troops seven hours to march it due to the necessity of climbing several ridges. We could see our shells hitting the enemy and also the little white puffs of our 60 m/m mortars. We could easily hear the machine guns and also individual rifle fire. On the way back we heard a lot of AA at St. STEF. later found that the Germans had attempted to bomb our LST's. Flew in two cubs up to Bradleys and had a look at TROINA from C.P. and then flew back it was pretty rough. 258 8-8-43 Landing operation near TORRENOVA completliy successful. No opposition at beach after troops had landed at 0300 a German column ran in to the landing force the Germans were marching from the East to West and had six tanks 2, Mach VI and 4, Mach IV. We got one VI and two IV. Also a lot of progress estimated at 1500. Gen Alex who spent last night at Palermo arrived at 0900 by cub with Gen Lemnitzer. Took them to CP 3rd Div where Truscott explained situation. Alex very pleased over landing operation. Then we went to an OP where we could see the final stages of the attack on the S. FRATELLO position. We then drove to CP 7th Army at S. STEFANO and thence via MISTRETTA to TROINA. Bradley met us on route and explained method of capture. Alex called it "A great feat of arms," which it was 259 in fact it is the hardest fight in which American troops have ingaged in either Africa or Sicily. As the weather was too bad to fly we drove back to S. STEF. the road over the mountains gives a fine example of the type of horrible country we have encountered. While we were gone the Germans again bombed our landing craft but had no luck and lost four planes shot down by 11 Air Support planes. Alex was most indefinite asto future operations I think there is some sort of Political show brewing in Italy. AFHQ and 15 Army Group are issuing contradictory instructions on Ducks and also 82. Perhaps they are at Cross purposes. 8-9-43 Gen Middleton came in to day 260 on question of relieving Gen Cushman. I have recommended it. We are trying to get out another landing operation for to night. [*Type here*] The road E. of CESARO is blown out in seven places and mined the 47 Inf is pushing on with out artillery and without AT guns so long as they keep one crater between them and the enemy they can't be attacked by tanks. [*Type*] CAST. MANIACE (7.5). Third Div is near ZAPPULLA. I hope we beat the British to RANDAZZO. We are just in receipt of a dispatch asking when we can spare the 9th Div. Not till we take Messina if I can help it. [*Type*] Bradley was in at 01030 he feels that we should try the two men responsible for the shooting of the prisoners by the 180 RCT He also reports that at least three Italian soldiers in the 1st Div have deserted and were caught living 261 in civilian clothes with natives. I shall try to have them shot. Desertion in face of the enemy - the bastards. I am staying home to day as I feel that I should not appear too often when things are going well. 8-10-43 Keyes came in at 0800 and said every thing was set for the landing to night near BROLO which is east of Pt. D'ORLANDO. He went on up to CP 3d Div at E end of ACQUEDOLCI. [*Type*] Bradley came at about 0945 on way to see Truscott. We waited for McSherry to arrive which he did at 1000. I had Bradley explain our problems (1) Germans in civilian clothes to be jailed and later tried as spies (2) Italian Facists getting passes on false pretenses from Civil Affairs officials. (3) American soldiers of Italian ancestry deserting 262 and living among natives. He is to offer rewards to local officials for their arrest. Bradley and I then drove to CP 3d Div. Truscott was having difficulty in getting guns forward and wanted some 75 mm pack guns Bradley called II Corps and located six. We had lunch. Landing all set using same Bn of 30 inf as last time loading to take place at CARONIA. Air to furnish cover from 1400 on. I drove back stopping at an evacuation hospital run by a Doctor from Hamilton. Met Lt Col Whitfields son in law there he is on a surgical team for head wounds. Saw another aledged nervous patient - realy a coward. I told the Dr to return him to his company he began to cry so I cursed him well and he shut up I may have 263 saved his soul if he had one. One boy with a shattered leg said "Are you Gen P. I have read all about you." All seemed glad to see me except one man with a head wound who kept shouting "How about chow" they said he would die. Got back to 7 Army CP at 1530 and saw Gen House about sufficiency of air cover which is good. Maj Gen. Davenport Johnston (1912) came and I sent Codman along with him to visit the Front. At 1945 Keyes called up to say that Bradley and Truscott wanted to call off landing on the ground that 3d Div had not gotten on fast enough to support it. I told Keyes that the landing would go on. Truscott then asked to speak to me and strongly protested going on the landing. I told him it would go on. He replied "All right 264 if you order it" and I said "I do" I then decided to go up to see Truscott and took Gay along to see that the boats got off dropping in at CARONIA for that purpose. The ships seemed to be under way. I got to the CP 3d Div at 2045 the first person I met was Captain Davis USN C of S to Adm Davidson he said the landing should be called off as it had started an hour late, and could not land before 0400. I told him that if it did not land till 0600 it still had to go on. Truscott was walking up and down holding a map and looking futile. I said "Gen Truscott if your conscience will not let you conduct this operation I will relieve you and put some one in command who will" He replied "Gen it is your 265 your priviledge to reduce me when ever if u [wantto] want to." I said "I dont want to I got you the DSM and recommended you for a Major Gen, but your own ability realy gained both honors. You are too old an athlite to believe it is possible to pospone a match" he said "You are an old enough athlete to know that some times they are posponed." I said "This one wont be." He said this is a war of defiles and there is a bottle neck which is delaying me getting my guns up to support the infantry. They - the inf - will be too far W to help the landing." I said "L'audace L'audace toujous l'audace." I know you will win and if there is a bottle neck you should be there and not here." Bradley called at this 267 moment to see whether or not we were going to attack. I told him we were and that I took full responsibility for a failure but that if things went well he could have the credit along with Truscott. I then told Truscott that I had complete confidence in him and to show it was going home and to bed and left. On the way back alone I worried a little but feel I was right. I thought of Grant and Nelson and felt O.K. That is the value of history. I woke Gen House up to be sure we would have air cover for the navy in the morning as we may need their support I also told him to put all his air infront of the 3d. I may have been bull headed but truly feel that I did my 268 exact and full duty and under rather heavy pressure demonstrated that I am a great leader. We sent Col Tank to Tunis to day to explain that if they take all our LCT's we can't unload as the docks at Palermo wont take a Liberty Ship until she is half empty and there are no barges. Also sent a letter to Algiers to explain the question of troops asked for by 5th Army . The people there are wholly [idor] ignorant of what troops we have over here. Clarks demand to get fighting troops back to Africa to train shows what a fool he is. One month of Sicily ended. 8-11-43 There was very heavy firing all night at least there was at 2400 and at 0300. When I woke up this morning the phone 269 was out until 0630 then we heard that the landing was successful against light opposition. There is very heavy firing at the moment 0900 sounds like Navy it may be Germans getting rid of their ammunition before pulling out -- if they can pull out. I am not going to the Front today as I feel it would show lack of confidence w Truscott. Heard about noon that Lodge was coming. He arrived about 1600. I am going to take him to the front in the morning He asked me whether he should resign from the senate and take up his commission. I told him not to do so unless he had a promise from the Sec War that he could get combat duty. Ninth div with Paddy Flint leading got with in one mile of RANDAZZO. Third Div took Brolo after a very hard fight. We lost 7 105 S.P. guns and 3 MIV tanks in this attack but killed 270 a great many enemy. 8-12-43 We left by car for front at 0730. Lodge was much impressed as I hoped he would be with the difficulty of ground and the fine work our men were doing as killers and as engineers. From Cape Orlando on the ground was covered with dead Germans at the West end of BROLO we met elements of the 30th Inf and some of the 7th coming out of the hills they looked very tired but were in good spirits. Lodge talked to a number of them. Some we saw sitting among German corpses eating this takes a strong stomach. The hazard of the landing were more than justified as it pushed the enemy so fast that he had no time to make demolitions. The bridge at Brolo was cut so we had to turn back we met Col Rogers of the 30th on this bridge 271 He had a broken left hand but was still carrying on. (give him a L.M). Returned to the CP at 1430 and left by cub for PALERMO at 1545. I felt very sick and had a chill. Lodge had dinner with the 2nd Armored. During night 3d Div took PATTI and 9th Div entered RANDAZZO. British 78 also came in. They are to halt here and let us push on some of their engineers were killed helping us remove mines. 8-13-43 Stayed in bed and ran high fever. Supposed to be due to Sand Fly bites. 39 RCT fully occupied Randazzo and pushed east. 8-14-43 Still quite sick at 1730 had a message that 3d Div was pushing on to FALCONE so I flew up to new CP 272 near NASO 8-15-43 Drove to front in morning and saw Truscott near SPANDAFORA. There was an enemy ammunition train going off. Saw Bradley on the way back. He is doing fine 3d Div has made contact with the 9th and the 1st Div is in the vicinity of BARCALONA The 157 RCT 45 Div is to land east of FALCONE. 8-16-43 Landing elements of 3d Div entered Messina at 2200 to night. I sent message to Alex and Ike in clear. Phoned Bradley at 0300 17th that we will enter Messina in morning at 1000. 8-17-43 Left by cub at 0850 Lucas Gay and self. Met Keyes at CP 3d Div east of Falcone and drove to R.J. 665 at top of hill 273 over looking Messina. Bradley not there must have failed to get message. about 1010 on the way a few shells from Italy hit close and wounded two officers in 2d car behind me.) In the town we met three British Tanks and a few men who had arrived at 1000. So we won the horse race as our troops had been in all night. Went to town hall and saw Mayor, Chief of police etc. I had Truscott do the honors. Messina is terribly destroyed the worst I have seen. Gen Smith and Gen. Lemenster and I drove with Smith to Hq 3d Div where we had lunch.) I had quite a discussion with Smith about promotions for Staff 274 of 7th Army. He said that when it was organized we were told that we would not get the makes. I said that I knew that but now that we had demonstrated our ability we demanded recognition not as a favor but as a right. I feel sure he will do his best to prevent it but I will get them any how. Smith is a most tipical SOB. Well I feel let down I got a second DSC yesterday and ended a war. I feel that the Lord has been most generous. If I had to fight the Campaign over I would make no change in any thing I did. Few Generals have ever been able to say as much. So far in this war I have been a chip floating on the river of destiny. I think I had best keep on floating I will surely be used some more 275 though at the worst things look gloomy. I have been very lucky. 8-18-43 Stayed in camp all day as I still feel rather shaky as a result of my Sand fly fever. We are moving the troops west of a general line GALA-S. STEFANO. British will occupy Island east of this line. 8-19-43 Gen Geroe and three officers came at 1000 to inspect Tabor of Goumes. Bradley and I met them at landing field. Bradley accompanied them to see the Goumes where several were decorated both with French and American decorations. In the afternoon units of the British 78 & 51 Divs began to use Route 116 N. of NASO. This was contrary to our agreement by which they were not 276 not to use this road until 1400 on the 20 so we had to halt them so that the 3d Div could clear on its move to the west. Army CP will move back to Palermo in morning. 8-20-43 After lunch Gen Blessey Chief Surgeon AFHQ brought me a very nasty letter from Ike. With reference to the two soldiers I cussed out for what I considered cowardice. Evidently I acted precipitatly and on insufficient knowledge. My motive was correct I was trying to restore the men's souls by making them mad with me. I shall make what amends I can. I regret the incident as I hate to make Ike mad when it is my earnest study to please him. Gen Lucas arrived at 1800 to further explain Ike's attitude. I feel very 277 low 8-21-43 I had put Paul G. Bennett ASN 70000001 C Battery 17 F A in and explained to him that I had cussed him out in the hope of restoring his man hood that I was sorry and that if he cared to I would like to shake hands with him - we shook. Gen John A Crane told me later that this Bennett was a skulker and had gotten to the hospital by falsly representing his condition to the battalion surgeon. It is rather a commentary on justice when an Army Commander has to soft soap a skulker to placate the timidity of those above. After lunch at 1300 Gen Lucas decorated Keyes & Gaffey with the DSM and me and a lt with the DSC. I then drove to the Air Port to see Lucas off. I have greatly enjoyed having him and I feel that he has 278 been of great help to us. Bob Hope and his troup called on me at the officer later we had them to dinner and they sang and carried on until after mid night. I put my self out to be amusing and human as I think it may help particularly if this business about the shirkers comes up. 8-22-43 Went to church in royal Chapple at 1000 at 1100 I had in all the Doctors Nurses and E M who witnessed the affairs with the skulkers. I told them about my friend in the last war who shirked was let get by with it and eventually killed him self I told them that I had taken the action I had to correct such a future tragedy. Campy and I went for a sail in a launch with a latine sale it had no keel so crabbed badly but was good fun. After supper we went to 279 a party at a private house very few present and terribly hot. 8-23-43 We left Washington for Norfolk ten months ago to day. A great deal has happened and I have acquired quite a lot of fame and also sustained a great deal of mental anguish which was in the light of subsequent events quite unnecessary. However with a few brief lapses I have retained my self confidence. I have always done my duty and I have trusted my destiny. At 1500 Pvt Charles H. Kuhl ASN. 35536908 Co "L" 26 inf came in he was one of the two men I cussed out for skulking. I told him why I did it namely that I tried to make him mad with me so he would regain his man hood. I then asked him to shake hands which he did. Tomorrow I will talk to the 2d Armd Div. 280 Bradley came to lunch on his way to understudy Clark for the next show. 8-24-43 Keyes and I drove to the Hq 2d Armd Div and give them a talk on how good they were. The CP is nearing FASSINI. The ground between the road and the ocean is beautifully cultivated. Maj Gen Lord RENNELL head of AMGOT[AD] called on me at 1500. In the course of the conversation he said "Our PM is very much opposed to a cross channel operation so I think all the troops in Africa and more too will be absorbed in Italy." Rennel used to be head of Morgan-Grenfell in Rome and has been all over Italy he says that the Brenna Pass is not too bad. I asked him about the two roads running from TREVISO to TRIESTE & UDINE and said I hoped he would get Alex 281 to let the 7th Army use them he said he would do his best if he comes with me. I asked him to supper tomorrow. 8-25-43 Drove to TRABIA and made a speech to the 45th Div. They were a most impressive looking group. Had lunch with Middleton. We talked about the operation of Clark at the Gulf of SALERNO. Here again the Americans will be in the covering roll and the 10 Corps making the main attack. [Gen Miller] Gen Rennel and two staff officers came to supper and we had a very pleasant evening. He takes snuff There was an air raid alarm but nothing came of it. 8-26-43 Flew to Termini East was met by Guard of honor Co "A" 47th Inf and a band many of the men had been wounded 282 I talked to each one with a P.H. or SS one very small man had a D.S.C. Made a talk to All officers & NCO of 9th Div. While I was gone Gen Miller head chief for Alex came to see what he could steal. We also got a Radio from 15 Army Group to send in list of all Half Tracks and Scout Cars not marked for 5th Army. I think that 8th Army is going to try to steal all this equipment I doubt that they have the right but if I suggest to Ike that this is the case he will tell me I dont see the "Big Picture" I wish to God he was an American. Gen Hughes radioed that if I could send a plane he would come to see me Friday (tomorrow) I am sending mine. I will take up the question of half Tracks and SC's for the British with him. 283 8-27-43 Flew to LACATA and made speech to all of 1st Div. they look fine and are much better disciplined. After lunch we talked to selected officers of all grades on their battle experience. I have done this with every Div and hope to get a good cross section of how wars are fought. Got here at 1600 Gen Hughes, Gen White (G-1 WD) and Gen Reynolds (G-1 SOS) and Mr Johnson of Treasury were waiting for me. We talked on many subjects connected with the campaign. Especially replacements. 8-28-43 Hughes, Mr Johnson and I flew to S. STEFANO then took a car and drove to BROLIO I explained the fights to them and took some pictures. We picked up the cub at D'ORLANDO and flew home. 284 8-29-43 Hughes and I went to Chapel then Bradley, Keyes, Truscott Gay and I flew to CATANIA Ike had just landed and was most elusive . We had lunch with Monty who was I think trying to make up for not feeding me last time. I handed Ike my letter about incidents of two soldiers. He just put it in his pocket. I had a letter from Lucas saying that Ike had written Gen Marshall a glowing account of me. Well that was a near thing but I feel much better. Ike ordered me to go to Algers and see Clark he said that we may loose Bradley Clark may be killed and I will have to take over. I seem to be third choice but will end up on top. 284 8 - 30 - 43 Hughes, Keyes and I flew to TRIPANI in cubs just as we approached it there was a huge explosion in the harbor and for a moment I thought we were seeing bombing but it turned out to be only a demolition All officers and NCO's of the 3d Div were assembled also a guard of honor. The men looked splendid. I talked to them for 20 min. Later Hughes told Keyes that it was the only time he had seen an officer make a speech and remain him self. Hughes and I flew to Alger and I spent the night with him. 8 - 31 - 43 Flew to Monstaganem arriving at 1000 went to meeting for discussion of final plans for Avalanche it lasted till 1800. Spent night with Clark in my former Villa. He left for his office after 285 supper to I had no chance to talk to him. 9- 1 - 43 Went to Gen Grunthers office and talked to him for perhaps forty five minutes on my experiences at Huskey. He was interested in administrative matters but not at all in tactics. However he did ask me what I thought of the plan for Avalanch. I was very tactful but could not help calling his attention to the fact that the plan used the SELE River as a boundary between the Brit. X Corps and the U S V I Corps with no one actually on or near the river. I told him that just as sure as God the Germans will attack down that river. He said that their plans provided for ample artillery to be ashore by 0630 on D day to stop any 286 German counter attack. Of course plans never work especially in a landing. I suggested this but it did not register. I cant see why people are so foolish. I have yet to be questioned by any planner concerning my experiences at Torch yet Torch was the biggest and most difficult landing operation so far attempted. "Whom the Gods would destroy they first make mad" Drove to ORAN to have a look at my old training area. Much impressed with troops. 9 - 2 - 43 Flew to Alger spent night with Hughes. Ike sent for me in his office at 0900 and lectured me till 1045. I realize that I acted precipitately and accepted his remarks in the spirit intended I feel that he likes me. Of course he should. He told me that the 7 Army would 287 be dispersed, that Brad was to go to England to form a new Army and Plan Bolero I told him I was a pretty good planner but he said I did not like to do it - in that it seems I am like him or so he said- (Compliment?) Flew back to Palermo taking 20 bags of mail. A day or two in Algers almost kills me. No one there except Hughes Lucas and Gen Davis mentioned that I had won a war. 9 - 3- 43 Recovered from Alger. dined with McSherry. 9 - 4 - 43 Recovered some more and read papers I had collected. 9 - 5 - 43 Went to Church. Paddy Flint came to lunch 288 We went sailing. Getting the sail up the head stay broke so we went out under the main only. We hit a straight squall the back stay, the main shrouds and the mast all broke. But three Italian boats rushed to the rescue and we were towed home. 9 - 6- 43 Got two Radios the first one said that no spare parts or [?marteriel] would be sent over here as we are to be withdrawn The second one ruined me Brad goes to U. K. to activate 1st Army. Bolero will be undertaken by (green) troops trained in US and U.K. A decision will be reached asto future of 7 Army Hq. Finally "The prestige of 7th Army may be useful in the follow up of Bolero." It is very heart breaking the only time I have felt worse was the night of 289 Dec 9? when Clark got the 5th Army for losing his pants. I feel like death but I will survive I always have. I called in all the heads of the staff sections and had the two telegrams read. I said, "Gentlemen what you have heard is secret and will not be discussed or mentioned to your assistants. I believe in Destiny and nothing can destroy the future of the 7th Army. However some of you may not believe in destiny so if you can find a better job get it and I will help you all I can. You may be backing the wrong horse. In any event we must go right on like we know nothing so that the enemy will fear the potential threat of the 7th Army." I feel that none of them will leave me. Gen Morris, Mr Marquand and a MD Gen. came I forgot to state that 290 on the 31st Ike decorated Clark with a Legion of Merit for his valorous performances. Also he sent two inspectors over to question soldiers about my aledged brutality to them. He said he did it on my behalf to counteract untrue stories I think this may be true but fear that it is to protect Ike. And yet I believe in my star. 9-7-43 Called on Gen. Bradshaw AA and Col Thompson AA and in the presence of Col Harkins told them that on the night of the 8-9 they would not fire unless attacked and that I expected all or most of them to be on duty all night to see that this order was carried out. Bradley came at 1045 to say good by we had a guard and band for him. We had quite a long talk and I told him a lot of my best ideas to tell Gen Marshall 291 I suppose I should have kept them to gain reputation with by springing them my self but I am not built that way the sooner they are put in effect the better for our armies. Bradley has a chance to help or hurt me with Gen Marshall I hope he chooses the former course but I did not ask him. My resilient nature worked all right and today I am almost back to normal. But I have to keep working on my belief in destiny and poor old Destiny may have to put in some extra time to get me out of my present slump. 9-8-43 Gen Bradshaw AA & Col Stone AC came in at 0900 with instructions from Tactical Air Force relative to possible landings in Sicily tonight and thence forth of Italian planes. They gave 292 routes, altitudes fields etc. It appears to me that if the Germans get on to this they can fly Italian planes in with German crews and raise hell also two nights ago they dropped a large number of Para troops at Matrue in Africa, to attack our planes on the ground. They particularly go after the P-38 as it has long range. Also all the T-47 troop carriers are in the same Air Fields as those where the Italians may land. We are thus menaced by either carrier or Para troop attack so I have moved troops usually an Inf regt to each field and instructed them what to do. It may turn out an exciting evening. Truscott was in and says our 82 AB Div is to land at Rome. The BBC broad cast at 0815 this morning said that in RAF raids over 293 Europe yesterday no enemy fighters had been met. This may be in Italy. I fear that as a soldier I have too little faith in political war. Suppose the Italians can't or don't capitulate? 9-9-43 My last sentence yesterday may have been profetic for so far as we know no Italian planes turned in last night. Brig Gen. Simonds (Res) incharge of preventive medicine in Office Surg Gen. Mr. John Marquand on a secret mission and Lt Col Stone MC. who have been here for a few days came to say good by They were very flattering in their remarks. Gaffey thought he heard firing at sea off his area a plane went out to take a look but could find nothing. I worked till 1900 on my 294 report of operations it is a very tedious business but necessary and I hope useful. We had a movie "Tortilla Flats" at the Palace it was quite amusing. I can now chin my self 5 1/2 times and do it three times a day. 9-10-43 Had a letter from Hughes saying that 7th Army had been accused of a. Using prisoners to unload ships. b. Driving PW's with artillery whips. c. Using Prisoners to clear mine fields. d. Unethical shooting of prisoners. I replied as follows. a. We did unload ships with Prisoners as no hazard was involved and they were removed from the port when ever a yellow alert went on. b. That some guards at 295 our PW cage were quartered in a captured barracks full of Artillery whips and did carry them with out authority until observed by Gen Keyes who stopped the practice. c. That early in the campaign I issued orders on the advice of my J.A. that the terms of surrender would include the removal of mines. That so far as I know this order was seldom if ever used. d. That on July 15 it was reported to me that A Capt and A Sgt had shot some prisoners wantonly and that I had the matter investigated That the Sgt had been tried and convicted and that the return of the Capt. from Africa had been asked for so that he could be tried. Some times I almost believe that there is a deliberate campaign to hurt me. Certainly it is hard to be victimized 296 for winning a Campaign. Hap thinks the cousins are back of it because I made a fool of Montey. I am leaving for Bizerta at 1300 to see Alex as Ike asked me to. Got to Bizerta at 1415 Gen Leminster met me and we drove to Alex Hq. He was waiting for me and took me to see the Italian Battle fleet sail by on the way to Tunis it was quite impressive 2 big Battle ships; there had been three but the Germans sank one with dive bombs; seven cruisers and a number of destroyers. Ike and Sir Andrew were out in a destroyer looking at them. Kay was on the hill with us she must be a most necessary driver? Alex took me to his map room and explained the situation it is not too good. The 5 Army has just a toe hold but our 36 Div is further in than the British 297 Alex said that while he did not wish to appear pessimistic he thought that the situation might be called critical largely due to lack of craft. He further said that the parade of 300 craft in the channel was ill timed as it would let the Russians say we could cross the channel if we wanted to and that we were yellow "which perhaps we are?" When I landed I found that Mr Norman Davis of the Red Cross had just landed. I asked him and his party to dinner. He impresses me a lot and is very pro American which is a relief Ike has not fooled him. Alex told me also that the Germans and Russians are actually conducting negotiations now. But the Russian terms are too hard - nice people. September 11 1943 The Cardinals Sec came to see me at 1100 with a few reasonable favors 298 he is a very clever man. The Cardinal sees 400 supplicants a day. Alex says that he missed being Pope by one vote. I forgot to state that I told Alex how much I regreted not being calm like he is he said he thought that the B's are too calm and that it is a recent development that when they were less calm they fought better. At 1400 Mr Davis self and staff made a tour of all Red + installations which are excellent then Mr Davis made a speech presenting them to the US Army & Navy I replied in what every one says was my best speech All the soldiers cheered a lot Mr Davis thought it a good speech. I forgot to say Arch Bishop also called on me at noon he is clever and I think speaks english but doesn't admit it. I could be elected Pope if I ran in Sicily 299 9-12-43 Went to Air Port at 0900 to see Mr Davis off gave him a nice piece of tapestry $45.00 also a bunch of flowers to Mrs Stevenson, woman head in Africa Lucas came to lunch and we went sailing. Went to supper with Capt Dothy Navy Red + women there a Mrs Hart who used to be at Riley and says she is a friend of R-E's was there her husband was killed in P.I. 9-13-43 Went flying in a cub after a couple of landings with pilot I soloed and did fairly well. On way back 24 Italian planes passed on way to surrender. Got radio from Alex at 1730. Situation Avalanch Critical do all you can to expedite follow ups - we are. Ridgeway also wired that 82 was flying in 300 reinforcements - things are looking up. 9-14-43 Gen Dillon the PM of AFHQ came to tell me all my sins against the Geneva convention I was very nice to him and he spent an hour telling Gay how good he (Dillon) was. I suggested that he talk to the Arch Bishop about the treatment - said to have been inhuman - of Italian Prisoners. He did and apparently the Arch. did his stuff. I was like a father to them. Well that hurdle is passed. 9-[15] 14 43 Things are going worse with the 5th Army. Last night they flew in a RCT of the 82 to help out. When I asked for such assistance last month I was told that the 82 was too valuable 301 to be wasted as Infantry I won the fight with out them I guess Clark needs them badly. He is on the defensive. The 3d Div starts to go over tomorrow. I hope they don't arrive too late. Truscott went over this PM in a torpedo boat. He told me that he is 2000 men short inspite of having asked Ike direct for replacements. He also told me that Ike told him I was the only General who could inspire men to conquer. Why did I not go to Italy? But perhaps my luck is still holding. I feel sure it is. 9-15-43 Had dinner with Gen Rennell, Alex, Leminster were there. Things are in a critical state at Avalanch in fact they 302 may have to pull out. The Germans attacked on the 14 down the SELE River just as I told Grunther they would and have apparently cut the X Corps and the VI Corps in two. The only comfort I get out of it is the fact that my military judgment was proved correct. I hope they can stop them a withdrawal would hurt our prestige and surely prolong the war. Forgot to say that Keyes and I went to the ship to see Truscott off. I told him to see whether or not it is possible to shorten the front use the X Corps to hold and attack with the Americans. We must attack or it will become a second Galapoli. Two Marines who were here yesterday told me that on D day the LST they were in was under machine gun fire 303 while beached to unload. They also said that a Brit Brigade were in bivouac on the beach at dusk on D day. Will they never learn. 1215 just saw a dispatch from Navy i(copy in typed diary) n which it seems that Clark has reimbarked I consider this a fatal thing to do, think of the effect on the troops. A commander once ashore must conquer or die. 9-16-43 Truscott got back last night and says that situation is OK he feels that Brit and Americans fought badly that Clark split up units like a map problem but that actually the Germans had very fiw troops and were just bluffing. Went for a sail with Nick. 304 9-17-43 Ike came in by plane at 0750 on his way to visit 5th Army. Clark wants to relieve Dawley from sixth Corps but needs Ike to hold his hand. I urged Ike to let Keyes have Dawleys place or if Lucas got that to let Keyes have II Corps. I told Ike I was willing to fight a corps under Clark I would serve under the devil to get in a fight. He said Clark and I were not soul mates so he could not do it. When I first heard he (Ike) was coming I thought it might be to relieve Clark but no such luck. I am to go to england and get an Army probably under that victorious soldier Jake Devers. Destiny had better get busy. Asked Ike not to reduce 1st Div any more to fill up 9th. 1st is 308 now 3000 short the 9th 2500 it is perfectly criminal the way Ike neglects to provide or bring up replacements. Replacements the thing. 9-18-43 Orders came through for Lucas to report to 5th Army, I think in replacement for Dawley, who is apparently the Ram that [Isaac] Abraham found need of in place of [Jacob] Isaac - good old jewish custom) And for Keyes to command the II Corps. I was delighted but at supper time a second message from B. Smith came saying Keyes was to be in "TEMPORARY" command. I smell a coon. Arthur Wilson came to supper full of life and lies but very amusing. He swears that Clark got his job due to the effort of Jews in the U.S. and that Clark's mother made speeches in favor of it. I think I will run on the Colored ticket? 306 Lucas was quite blue about going. 9-19-43 Sunday. Was going to have lunch with Nick and some French people but the party got too big so I quit. We are to have a party for the Red + tonight at 7:30 P. Keyes gave me an Italian officers dagger which I like very much. 9-20-43 For some reason all our recommendations for the DSM seem to be turned down by AFHQ. This morning we got a turn down on Bradley and on Truscott already Muller, Davidson and others have been turned down Gay's paper has yet to be returned. Decorated Col Flint and three Lts and six enlisted men at 1000. Three DSC Three Legion of Merit 307 Two Silver Stars Two Soldiers Medal. Finished notes on Sicilian Campaign. 9-21-43 Gay's recommendation for the DSM came back disapproved. They gave him an Oak leaf cluster on his L.M. Yet Grunther got a DSM for organizing the Hq. of the 5th Army before it had ever been in action at all. Gaffey got the DSM for being C of S in Tunisia which he deserved but which is much less of a show than this one in Sicily. I know that Ike and Smith do not think much of Gay. But actions speak louder than words. I wrote Hughes a personal letter to see if he can find out what is going on. I did not mention that I have gotten nothing for Sicily except a reprimand for doing my plane duty to a couple of cowards 308 of course I realize that I did my duty in a very tactless way. So long as my methods please the God of Battles I am content. 9-22-43 Gen Dawley came in this morning on his way home. He was most manly and restrained. I gathered that there was constant interference and vacillation on the Part of Clark and near duplicity on the part of Grunther. I also think that Dawley lacked drive and that McCreery of the 10 Corps complained that Dawley did not keep him informed. I forgot to ask if he kept Dawley informed - I doubt it. Took a trip with Muller and others including Codman by special car over the RR to Comiso via Caltanessetta Licata, Gela. It was most interesting Lt. Col 309 F.W. Okey Mrs. Gaddis' eldest son commands the RR Bn and has done a splendid job. He was a L.M. and a Soldiers Medal. I liked him. We flew back in the T 47 in 30 minutes it took six hours on the train. We had a Peep in the plane which met us at the RR Station and took us to the Field we then landed it. On the way down they had a pilot train in front of me for fear I should be blown up - at least my people like me the rest can go to Hell. 9-23-43 Finally finished my "Notes on the Sicilian Operation" I removed every point which to me is not provable but expect certain reactions from the Air and the Navy. Went out for a 310 fly but the air was too rough. Inspected ordnance shops where they are reconditioning captured weapons they are doing a really fine job. I was distressed to see how many American Arms are being picked up for salvage especially rifles. However there were also quite a few British weapons. I picked up some old weapons and also some ancient guns which I shall send home. Went to a tea with some upper middle class Italians. Women very fat. 9-24-43 Inspected Ordnance Auto Motive Shops called on Adm. Hewitt. We had a fairly good retreat formation which I attended. Weather horrid warm and muggy. 311 9-25-43 Adms Hewitt and Louis came to dinner and later we had a private movie show which for a change was very good it was the "Life of George Cohan". 9-26-43 Gay and I went to the english Church for an American chaplains service there was quite a large crowd. The Church is very pretty but the fleas are bad. Campy, Codman and I went for a supper with some Italian people at a little villa by the sea it was very pretty and we danced to a cracked victrola and ate many horrible things. At least we killed off another day of uncertainty. I am getting awfully fed up. 9-27-43 The Chief Monument tender took me over the palace 312 about which he knows very little. The vault where the Norman Kings kept their gold was interesting. with the floor based on solid rock. There were sort of pits in the four corners like wine jars for gold and a big cubical hole in the middle probably for vases etc. It was so fixed that the double door entering it was always closed that is when the inner door was opened the outer one shut.) Sent off my "Notes on the Sicilian Campaign" it is quite good. Mr Stimson wrote me last night a very nice letter. 9-28-43 Hubner and Eddy both came to lunch and we had a pleasant time they are both good soldiers. 313 Spent a long time reading the papers in the trial of Col. Mason under the 95 AW for having his PM provide whores conveyed in a Govt vehicle. I fear that due to a clever defense council the case may not stand up. Got a letter from Lucas in Italy apparently the X Corps B. is lagging behind him. Mixed armies will not work I think that they are only a British scheme to gain command. All their Army Commanders are four stars so they will always rank us. I have a hunch that the Russians and Germans have some sort of agreement and that the Battle of Russia will stop along the Polish Border that will release 100 German Divs to attack us in Italy. 9-29-43 Was very ill in night 314 and felt badly all day with a little fever. Sec Knox came at 1500 so Hewitt and I had to meet him later I dined on the Ancon. Butcher was in the party and told me that Gen M. may go to UK in senior command. That Ike may be Chief of Staff. He did not say who will follow Ike I hope it will be Hughes. He said Ike would prefer to stay in Africa and had told Gen M so. Ike has recommended me to command an Army in U.K. I knew that and can't see how he could have done otherwise. I have been very successful three times. Clark is having his first trial and to date has gone very slowly. GCM cussed Ike out for it. Butch says that the British are deliberately trying to build Monty 315 as the hero of the War. That is why they are not too fond of me. One British Gen said to Lemenster "George is such a pushing fellow that if we dont stop him he will have Monty surrounded." I know I can out fight the little fart any time. 9-30-43 Feel fine this morning. Gen Williams A C called to pay respects at 1500. Talked to Maddox Harkins & Gay on future plans as learned by Maddox at 15 Army Group. X Corps B to revert to 8 Army 82 AB Div to be withdrawn from 5th Army. No present intention to use 2d Armd, 1st or 9th Divs in Italy. 7th Army relieved 15 Army Group 3 Oct. to AFHQ. C in C to restate his authority as Navy and Air seem to have been running wild it would have been better if Ike had slowly squeezed 316 rather than let them get loose all of us have felt this for nine months. Butcher went on to Italy with Knox. We had a party at Mondello for some Italian people very nice. Self, Keyes, Gay Campy, Codman. Air raid warning at mid night nothing came of it. 10-1-43 Went to Air Port to see Sec. Knox off. Keyes showed me his reply to Ikes letter to him. I put the copies of Ike's letter in the diary as a very curious document. In which he warns against doing all the things he him self always does. 10-2-43 Just saw a wire that J.A. Crane, Gar Davidson and Anchorn had been promoted. I am delighted as I was 317 thier backer and in the case of Anchorn was told by Smith that he would never be made due to a marital laps years ago. With the record of Harry Chamberlain Bradford and Ridgeway as a precident I could not see it. Besides we promote men for what they are doing not for what they did. Adolph Mentjeau called at 0930 he told me how great he was and he also said something interesting if true While he was in England the heard the PM say in reply to what sort of a general is Montgomery "In defeat he is magnificent in success impossible." Much of Monteys ability to get his own way with Alex is due to the legend - built up by Montey - that if any one crosses him he writes direct to the P.M. I wonder? 318 10-3-43 Gay and I dined with Adm Davidson on the Brooklyn and he showed me a news item that I was a Maj Gen I am very tickled and hope it is true. Gay and I flew to Termini and were met by Keyes and Eddy then we drove to the 39th Inf and decorated 81 men it was most impressive and very well done. The whole look of the men especially their eyes and mouths have changed. They have looked at death and laughed. Had a very swell lunch with Eddy. 10-4-43 Much mail and clippings and candy. Have to start walking again much as I hate it. 10-5-43 Gay and I lunched with 319 Gen Keyes at HQ II Corps before lunch I met all the staff and made them a short talk. At 500 I went to tea with Princess SAN MARTINO at a realy beautiful chateau built early in 1700 it is squarish with a circular court at the rear composed of all the servants quarters. It has been in the family - Bourbons - all the time. The Princess has a heavy black beard which she shaves. She is very fat and talks as loud as she can about "my first Husband the Prince this little one is a professor he is my second." There were about a dozen upper crust people present and it was very nice except that a famous Pianist was there who insisted in playing me things in D minor which were terrible to hear Codman said that they 320 not very well played. They had a deep rich cake. 10-6-43 Keyes came to lunch with his staff or some of them he took off for Italy at 1300. I hate to see him go any one who serves under Clark is always in danger I told Jeoff to be careful never to mention the 7th Army and to always win. I wish something would happen to Clark. Had a very nice Radio from Ike on being recommended for a permanent Maj Gen. (Copy in typed diary) also a letter from Hughes. Also by chance a letter from FDR thanking me for a map I sent him. He threatens to make me Duke of Etna. 10-7-43 The Carabinieri had a show for me and let me use their riding 321 hall under the Palace They put on a very good Drill then jumping and then monkey drill. If I can ride daily my exercise problem is solved. I can ride during lunch and so will not have to eat. 10-8-43 Harkins and I decided that in order to keep the staff alive we would start a theoretical study on an Amphibious attack based on Corsica against either Marseilles Toulon, Genoa or Leghorn. It is too bad not to fight in the relatively warm winter months adjacent to these places. We could start with the 1st - 9th & 2d Armd and have a Convoy from the US with two more Divs arrive D+1 and a second similar convoy on D+30 I think I could hold on. Ikes folly in not getting more troops 322 over here sticks out again. He bogs on the supply question but in combat troops perform the impossible and the supply must also. We are not putting out more than 30% of our potential power. 10-9-43 Started to write up some DSC citations in an interesting form so they can be published. 10-10-43 It rained all day. In the P.M. I drove to PIANO DE GRECO some 20 miles SW of Palermo it is an original Greek colony dating from about 500 BC the people talk Greek and have a Greek church and are exceedingly dirty. 10-11-43 We got an order to day to send the 1st Div to the U.K. beginning on the 19th. I feel that this is the 323 height of folly Clark has only the 3d - 9th - 34th - 36th and 82d AB. Divs he will soon loose the 82d. Monty has only five Divs. Total for the two Armies of 9. Five German Divs face them there are three more on the west coast south of Rome and 19 more in northern Italy. As soon as the Germans are sure that the 1st & later the 9th are leaving Sicily they will move the three Divs south of Rome to face Clark & Montey. Nine Divs cannot advance at any speed if at all against 8. The Germans can rest half their divs. The Allies if they continue to attack can rest none. If the Russians stop or are stopped more German Divs will come to Italy. There can well be a disaster but hardly an Allied victory I don't get 324 the picture at all. I feel that I am lucky not to be in Clark's place. 10-12-43 B sent me some more paper for my diary. Received a Radio from Alex in reply to one I sent him when the 7th Army was relieved from his command. "Personal from Gen Alexander to Gen Patton. Thank you so much for your exceedingly nice messages which I greatly appreciate. I can assure you and your grand soldiers that I consider myself fortunate to have had the privilege honor and I may say pleasure to have had under my command such a famous commander and his army. My dearest hope is that we will be associated together again. The best of luck to you all." 325 10-13-43 I called on the 63 Typographic Engrs to day to congratulate them on their fine work in printing the Report of the 7th Army. On the way a Sicilian cart pulled into the car and we broke the shafts and spilled the old couple but did not hurt them however although it was their fault I had Campy pay for repairing the cart I also had the surgeons examine them to prove they were not hurt. I paid personally for the broken shafts. 10-14-43 Flew to GELA (EAST) air field and met Gen Andrus by appointment he took me over the East half of the battle field of July 11 & 12. The first thing which struck me is the fact that Allen through Ignorance as 326 had entirely mis represented the position of his infantry as of the morning of July 11. They were four miles further south than he said. I rather think he was mistaken or had failed to get reports. The next thing was the utter stupidity of the German attack they sent 40 tanks down the Gela valley at about 40 miles an hour with out artillery support and with no infantry present. They must have been very ignorant of the strength of our landing. At that they nearly won we had great luck in stopping them in fact they turned back with a loss of only 14 out of between forty and fifty. Had they waited behind some little hills just north of the Gela-Ragusa road till their infantry had captured our 327 OP's nothing could have stopped them. My ancient contention that the way to beat tanks is to destroy their tracks was clearly borne out every Mark VI I saw had first been stopped with a hit in the tracks. I feel sure that a Green division would have broken when the tanks came but the Veteran 1st Div stood its ground. It is note worthy that in the initial plan the 36th Div was to have attacked at Gela and I had a hard time getting AFHQ to let me substitute the 1st. As usual God was on my side. The weather is very bad and we got very wet and muddy. Still no news or even rumor asto what is in store 328 for the 7th Army. I know we are not pushing hard enough we should have four more division in Africa and be using them in Italy right now near Genoa or Leghorn. We push like hell and then rest to win one must keep up constant pressure. All the time. 10-15-43 Went up to see the field of the last fight for Palermo. Going to Alger in morning. 10-16-43 Left for Alger at 0800 arriving 1130 after a fairly rough trip. Stayed with Hughes had teeth cleaned in PM. Gen K.A. Joyce came to lunch and we had a nice talk. Ike, Kay, Mrs. Presnall, Hughes and I had dinner. After 329 dinner Ike gave a long monologue on him self and his early training. He then said I was always acting a part that it was probably due to my having an inferiority complex. It amused me a lot and I agreed. The truth is that I have too little of such a complex in fact I look down my nose at the World and too often let them know it. Later Everett and I were talking it over and He said "Ikes trouble is that he is not humble" he also said that since Ike did not dare to cuss out or criticize the British he has to take it out on the Americans and that the better he knows a man the more he preached to him. Kenyon Joyce told me however that Ike had talked much about me in a most complimentary way in front 330 of him, Morgenthau and Harriman and a lot of British. Everett asked me if I got my LM for Sicily I said no I got it for organizing the 2d Armd Div. He made a note. He also told me that Ike had personally turned down the DSM for Gay but that he would get it by some day. Ike asked me to have Hubner recommend Wayman for promotion pure favoritism. Rogers and de Rohan should get it first. 10-17-43 Hughes left at 0800 and will come to Palermo on Monday. I called on Admiral Cunningham now 1st Sea Lord and met his successor of the same name who is also a fine looking 331 man. Everett suggested that I fly Mrs. Presnall back with me so I did we had her to supper and put her up with the Red Cross. 10-18-43 Sec. Morganthau, Dr White Mr. Thompson, Capt. Warburg Col. Foley Capt. Bernstein arrived by Air Plane under the escort of Gen Hughes. We had a Guard of honor and took them to lunch. After lunch showed them Palace and Chapel then the Sec. White and Thompson sat in my office and questioned Gen McSherry on Amgot. His questions were very incisive but to me he seemed slow mentally in (finding out what was said.) Later I showed him the work at the Ordnance Depot and he was very anxious to get a lot 332 of German equipment to use in his bond selling campaign. I then took him for a trip around the harbor. He realy seemed anxious to save money for the U.S. and he is not pro-Brit. Hughes and I had a long intimate talk after supper. 10-19-43 The Sec. spent the morning with Amgot after lunch I took him to see the Cathedral at [Monte] MONREALE. He showed surprising historical ignorance. He left for Naples at 1500. Dr White who is a non Arian is very clever and a dreamer damned near a communist. 10-20-43 Flew to Hq 2d Armd Div Gaffey and I drove to SEGESTA to see some Greek Ruins. The Temple there 333 is the best I have ever seen only the roof is missing all the columns are in place. They are built of small stones instead of cut of two or three large ones. To the eye no two of them seem exactly the same size. Years ago Mr Bliss a minister told me that the lines of the base of the Parthenon are not straight but curved at the temple we put a helmet on the steps half way down and could not see it when we sited level. We then went to see the theater which is in a fair state of preservation and most interesting. All the top of the hill where it is must have been a city as it is covered with cut stones all the houses were canabalized by the succeeding generations. The columns at the 334 Cathedral at Monreale came in like manner from a Roman Ruin which probably stole them from the Greeks. The temple & theater must be over 2500 years old as the Greeks were run out of this part of Sicily in 490 BC by the Carthaginians. To me such age is very inspiring and stimulating. The 2d Armd Div had a play in Palermo tonight which I attended and later had my picture taken -by request- with the cast. It - the show - was very good. Wrote a farewell letter to 1st Div which I shall deliver in the morning. 10-21-43 Flew to LECATA and picked up some of the 1st Div including Col Bowen of the 26th then flew to Catania and drove to 335 SiRACUSA to see Hubner they leave for U.K. in morning. Had lunch on board. The British constantly made fools of them selves in the attack on Catania they came right down the road although there is fine tank country all around. When the history of the war is written fifty years hence Monty will catch hell for being so timid. After the British said they could transport the whole of the 1st Div they put on 1800 women and children from the middle east and told us to take 1860 of our men off inspite of the fact that we had loaded all their equipment. We kicked like hell and Hughes & Gay went over to see the Brit. Gen Clark by 336 appointment. Clark left for Tea before they arrived they pursued him and he was very sorry but his act was inexcusable. He should be reported. Yesterday they said they could move our 1860 to Algers. It pays to kick back. Decorated Gen Andrus with D.S.C. 10-22-43} Nothing 10-23-43 10-24-43 Went to Church at a Colored Q.M. Bn. There were several hundred men present. Each hymn or solo was applauded with fervor. One of the hymns was about Jonah and the Whale. However I think it had a good effect. Gen Joyce came to lunch and will be here for some days had McSherry 337 and Gen Holmes for dinner. 10-25-43 Flew to COMISO with Gay Williams (AF) Maddox and Koch to see some new glider developments. (They have a parashoot which they release to slow the glider up for landing.) The demonstration was well put on. Gen Ridgeway 82d Div was present and told me that the British X Corps simply did nothing he is the second person that has said this. Gen Spaatz was also there and said things are going too slow in Italy. On returning to office found the following Radio: "C in C directs you you Proceed initially to Algiers as soon as you can conveniently do so accompanied by 3 or 4 senior Staff officers of your selection, prepared for a tactical reconnaissance 338 of 4 or 5 days in an area to be communicated to you on your arrival. Please wire me date we can expect you." C in C" This is a somewhat cryptic message but all my operations starting with the creation of the Desert Training Center have started the same way. Here's Hoping. 10-26-43 9th Div had a Riview at Termini East Air Port for the decoration of some officers and men It was very well done and the march Past was fine and I wrote a letter of commendation. Leave for Algiers in the morning on question of future activities. 339 10-27-43 Arrived at Algiers at 1155 met by Cols Muller Davidson, Harkins, Maddox and Koch and Codman came with me we also gave a ride to Gen Joyce, Holmes Gaffey and two of his staff. Ike had me to lunch with Beadle, Kay and a Nurse. Later Ike and I went to a play put on by soldiers all of whom were professional in civil life they did a fine job. We laughed our heads off and Ike was his old self. Beadle Smith told me that I am to get an army in england. He said that he had told GCM that I am the greatest assault General in the world and should lead the attack. GCM agreed but said I don't trust his staff. Beadle said well they have always succeeded 340 GCM said I have been told that in Sicily the supply was not good I have my own means of knowing (That means either Wedemeyer or Bradley or both) I told Beadle that I would have to stick to my staff as they had stuck to me and that if I fell due to them it would be too bad. He agreed and told me how much he admired me. He is such a liar I wonder if he ever said that to Marshall. Gen Rooks is at last quite worried about lack of troops in V Army I have been for a long time. It is worse than stupid it is criminal to send Troops out of Sicily yet they cant be used in England for six months and cant train there. 341 10-28-43 Our present show is a cover plan. (Expand in typed diary) Flew to Tunis arriving at 1630 drove through Carthage to a Villa. Not a thing to see of Ruins except later Roman ones. The Villa belongs to a Mr. Levy a chain store owner and is very good taste looking right on the sea it is quite cold here. Keith is at Casa sorry not to see him. 10-29-43 Left Tunis at 0800 flew to CORSICA at 0915 we were over south coast of SARDINIA and flew up a wide fertile valley for 45 min I did not see any effects of war, many of the factories were working - one gets used to destruction very quickly. The Air Force promised to 342 give us fighter escort from the north end of Sardinea but we met none and after circling once went on for AJACCIO the home of Napoleon. The field is short and wet and we had to take a skid to stop our run. No one met us but a Lt Col Bradley (Brit) as we were one hour ahead of time. once to GEN MARTIN'S CP. (he used to command Marrakech)) I told him what I wanted to do and we made a plan then I had the officers visit the appropriate sections. We all met at Gen Martin's for lunch at 1300. I took a walk to see Naps Statue and a cave he is supposed to have studied in. After lunch we all walked to his house and I touched the bed or rather couch he was born on and also saw his bed room 343 We then drove to ILES SANGUINAIRES and climbed to a Genoese watch tower there are 89 of them around the coast. Apparently people built them and then the Government paid them to act as sentinels. One of Naps ancestors built one around 1550. It is quite a thrill to be in Naps home town. 10-30-43 Started at 0700 and drove to BASTIA arriving at 1200. Dropped Harkins and Koch at VIVIRIO to look at some new air fields in vicinity of ALERIA on east coast. We had to stop four times to inspect cos or Bns of "Shock Troops" made up of Corsican Patriots They have US uniforms with French badges and Brit automatic Pistols. Each unit to include the platoon is named after its leader rather than to have a number. Nap 344 started the idea unless I am mistaken. We inspected a harbor which is very poor and saw several US P.T. boats tied up and very dirty. Drove to a place called SAN MARTINO - DI LOTA where we had a long and deadly lunch - two hours - you could see Elba through the fog. After lunch we drove to a hog back just east of FLORENT from which you can see in to Bastia the French and Germans had quite a fight here. Drove through Florent to I'LLE ROUSSE for the night quite a fight at Florent and some demolitions some of the roads in fact most of them are the narrowest and most dangerous I have yet seen. The whole Island is just a mountain and much of it bare back like the Rockies. 345 some of the peaks go up to 8000 ft. It has little value as a base the harbors are poor and the road system bad and there is no room for installations but we could use it. Gen Gar Davidson and I think that the best way to put a harbor out of action is to sink ships half a ships length from the Quays so that it will prevent moving ships in. Also to lay mines say 10 feet from the edge of the Quays and blow the facing into the water. 10-31-43 Inspected the harbor at I'LLE ROUSSE. Not much possibly one 3 or 4 hundred ton ships Had guard of honor of a Tabor of Goumes. Drove to CALVE where Nelson lost his eye. The fort is very fine example of Pre Vaubon 346 structure especially the entrance which has triple Barbicans and a round cobbled approach where by spreading oil enemy would slip. [*omit for type*] (There is a local tradition that [Nels] Columbus was borne here and the Mayor showed me his place of birth and gave me a book to prove it.) Stopped at a resort hotel opened for our benefit - on the south side of the Gulf of Porto where we had a two hour lunch. Next we stopped at a Greek town supposed to have been founded by members of the Comnena family from Constantinople around 700 AD. The road is very beautiful and dangerous as the French feel they have done their full duty when they blow their horns and then cut the corners. Corsica is just as French 347 as France and the people are clean and mentally alert. As a base of operations against Genoa or Toulon it is only useful to have fighters form and possibly to stage two divisions for quick follow up for a landing attack mounted in Africa. For the above purpose perhaps five days would be saved. Sardinia should be investigated for an advanced take off point from the air it looks better. 11-1-43 Left AJACCIO at 0800 landed at Tunis at 1010 Left Gen JUIN. Left Tunis 1030 arrived Palermo at 1135. We had French fighter cover as far as south edge of Sardinia on way (Lt Gen Courtney Hodges arrived at 1615 348 We had a Guard and band Had a long talk he seems less dumb than I used to consider him) 11-2-43 Hodges and self Flew to St. STEFANO in cubs then took a car and drove to BROLO I explained battles and he was interested and asked intelligent questions. We had staff meeting at 1430 to discuss Corsica and decide on future plans for its use. Took Hodges to see Ordnance Depot and look at Captured equipment. Adm. Davidson came to say good by. * Gen Joyce called he is staying with McSherry asked them to dinner *Davidson took bronze shield for me. 349 11-3-43 Gen Hodges left for Naples at 1000. Butcher Gen. Nichols (B) and party arrived in Beadle's plane at 1230 to take me to Naples. On the 27th I told Beadle I would like to go so he stopped for me or his plane did he was on a cruiser that will arrive tomorrow. (Gen Pense SOS took Nichols and I to his house for the trip.) 11-4-43 (Drove drove around the Port in the morning they have done a realy fine job getting ti working but have only coppied the system we evolved at Casablanca and Palermo.) (Drove up to HQ VI Corps and saw Lucas he says that the war is stickey and that the troops are tired. He also thinks that 350 because the troops are tired they are asking for too much artillery support.) I fear he is right if troops are kept at it too long they loose their dash and simply close up after the guns. When we will have fewer guns they wont move. Saw Clark on way back he was quite cordial and is evidently having troubles with the British who simply don't fight. Their men are braver than ours but their officers have no push. Clark said "There is a very narrow margin between a successfull and an unsuccessful Gen. I almost got pushed into the sea" Both his map and that of his C of S showed the position of troops down to battalions this is bad as it tempts people to deal in battalions instead of Army Corps 351 Clarks CP is 2 1/2 hours drive from the leading Divs - too far. Last night I called Keyes on phone and he came to see me he has not been in yet. Called John Crane on phone today to congratulate him on second star which I got him. 11-5-43 Drove to Pompai it is a very interesting sight and lives up to all that I had expected. Vesuvius looks down on it as it has for more than two thousand years. (Drove from there to Hq 3d Div and saw Totten, Gearhart, Baher & Truscott. The latter is fed up with the campaign and with Clark and his staff. They keep meddling. He is very anxious to be with me when next I go in I would like to have him for a Corps Commander he and Keyes would be a fine pair. Middleton 352 could do a job in such a team two flashy players and one wheel horse I hope I have the chance some day.) [*type better*] (On the way home we got caught in an air attack on Naples. All the trucks stopped and the men took cover it was disgusting. Some of the AA spent shells and fragments hit the street around us and looked like fire flys. Went to dinner with Gen Robertson (B) who is Ikes representative Gale and Beadle were there too.) Beadle is certainly a SOB of the finest type selfish and dishonest and very swell headed. 11-6-43 Went shopping in the morning and spent $400.00 but got some nice presents. Flew to BARI to see Alex but he was held up 353 by weather so I missed him. Returned to Palermo 11-7-43 One year to day. In some ways it seems much longer in others only yesterday. However I have grown in stature in poise in self confidence and in self control very much. Further now I trust no one that is no human being. I have used every opportunity I had to the full and see no reason to change what I did had I to do it over again except that in view of my present knowledge of the British I would not have obeyed the order I got on the Night of April 7 1943 to pull back after we broke through at El Guetar. I was too good a soldier that time. Had I told Brig. Holmes, Alex's G-3 to go to hell when he phoned me the order and demanded to speak to Alex I could have stayed 354 and America would have gotten more credit. The final result would not have been affected. However as a result of that experience I refused to stay put on July 17 and made Alex let me start to take Palermo though he was very much opposed to my doing it. Live and learn. 11-8-43 We had Gens Eddy & Gaffey Cols Perry, Barth and Flint to a good by dinner. In the afternoon I was on the docks looking at the men and letting them see that I did not mind getting wet. There were some Colored QM Soldiers who saluted well when ever I passed finally I called a Corporal to me and said "What outfit do you belong to?" He gave the unit fearing I was going to raise hell about something, and I said "You 355 are fine soldiers tell the men they should be very proud of them selves." I had not taken two steps before they began slapping each other on the back and yelling "Hot dog atta Boy" In the first five rape cases we had one was white and four niggers. Through a miscarriage of justice the white man only got life and the niggers were hung. When three more niggers from the same battalion were arrested for rape I put two nigger officers on the court. Although the men were guilty as hell the colored officers would not vote death. A useless race. 11-9-43 Went down to call on Eddy on his ship and tell him good by. At Naples a British Brigadier had gotten on for a joy ride and taken the C.G. state 356 room. Of course Eddy moved him. But the act is typical of the race. They have no shame nor modesty and will take all they can get. Larkin, Strawbridge, and Stewart came to dinner. 11-10-43 Gerow and Gearhart stopped in on way back from Italy and had lunch we intended to take a walk in PM but it rained. 11-11-43 One year ago we took Casa now I command little more than my self respect. Gen McNair wrote me "You are the Seventh Army" he was more right than he knew. Yet once in 1812 Ney said, "The rear guard of the grand Army is all right I am the rear guard." Gen Truscott told Keyes that he wished I was in Italy as I was 357 worth a division". That is an under estimate. We went to a Memorial service at the Cemetery at 1100. The Chaplain preached a sermon on sacrifice and the usual bull so as I put the wreath at the foot of the flag Pole I said "I consider it no sacrifice to die for my country. In my mind we came here to thank God that men like this have lived rather than to regret that they have died." When the troops marched off I had them play quick time. At 1500 Gay and I went to say good by to Gen Gaffey and his men most of the old crew came to say good by but how few are left. At 1900 we had a big reception at the Grand Hotel to celebrate not Memorial Day but 358 our capture of Casablanca. We had cocktails and there was a table for me with a birthday cake. I had wired Ike and Smith but of course they could not come. 11-12-43 In PM had Gen Clark Air C report that due to cutting the food ration to 200 grams per day there had been riots at Agrigento and that a Communist uprising is supposed to come off Sat night. Sicily is not under me for protection or security but under a British Maj Gen Clark. We could not locate him. So we told the 5th FA Group to get up there units of 3 officers and 60 men all in half tracks or scout cars also at least one assault cannon per group and be Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.