[*151*] Taku, China, Received November 17, 1900. 3.30 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. November 16, Number 86. Replying your number 72, our battery better than battery any other army in campaign; German battery, recently arrived, some features superior to ours; powder charge in case fired with trigger like pistol; more rapid fire result; brake arrangement also better; caliber gun not quite so large. Our battery highly prasied, particularly so by General Liniveteh, who said he felt like taking off his hat whenever he saw it. No battery so effective as ours in attacks on Pekin. Chaffee. -oOo- Taku, China, Received November 17, 1900. 6.10 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. November 17, Number 88. The following casualties have occurred since last report; November 3d, at Tien Tsin, Clifford R. Bedford, E, 14th Infantry, typhoid fever; November 14th, at Pekin, Edward J. Jennings, civilian teamster, chronic leptomeningitis. Chaffee. -oOo- 53062 H.M.S STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER NOV 19 10 AM 1900 ALBANY Department of the Interior United States Patent Office Washington, D.C. November 17, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber Albany, N. Y. Dear Sir: Referring to my letter of the 15th, in answer to yours of the 14th, in re Patent no. 33,187, I desire to inform you that Senator Platt wrote me in reference to the matter, and to enclose a copy of my reply to him, for the purpose of showing the position taken by this office long before Mr. Ward interested himself in the matter. Very respectfully yours, C. H. Duell Commisioner. 5307 J. Noble Hayes, Attorney & Counsellor, 120 Broadway, New York, November 17, 1900 Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Governor State of New York. My dear Governor Roosevelt: In view of the statement which you are about to make in re Mayor Removal proceedings, and in the hope that there may be no variance between any of us in regard to the history of the matter, and irrespective of any comments which either you or the World may wish to make upon the same, I beg to supply you with copies of one or two letters which I have in my possession which may help to keep the record straight. I wish else to say that no personal letter from you to me has been shown to my client since the filing of the amended charges, except the brief letter of July 25, 1900, which is as follows: "My dear Mr. Hayes: I have received the copy of the amended charges. I shall see the Attorney General at once and go over them with him. Sincerely yours, (Signed) Theodore Roosevelt." I am not quite sure whether they saw the brief letter of July 20, in reply to mine saying I should continue in the case as counsel, but that is of little importance. You of course understand that my correspondence with you will be regarded, so far as I am concerned, as personal and private. I do not see that the correspondence between myself and Attorney General Davies, between September 21 and my retainer this week, during which time I was not under the retainer of the World, 5308J. NOBEL HAYES, Attorney & Counsellor, 120 Broadway, New York, ___________ can become a proper subject for comment in your controversy with the World, unless some inadvertency of statement, which might easily arise in all this confusion of correspondence, should make it essential and material, which I think not at all likely. You understand that my position in the matter hardly admits of my taking sides in the controversy, and I hope not to be drawn into it. What I have written you I stand loyally by. As I told you yesterday, I am retained to try this case, and not to take part in the controversy between yourself and the World, and neither party expects me to be oth- erwise than just. After turning the matter over in my mind a good deal, it occurs to me that there is not much mystery about the whole situa- tion. The first misunderstanding arose from the World's Editorials in the early part of July, urging you to suspend the Mayor upon the origi- nal charges without other proof than the incompetent evidence afforded by the testimony taken in the Gaynor proceeding. It is true, that while the World was urging you to act, I was urging you to delay until I could file amended charges. Complications growing out of this matter resulted in my withdrawal from the proceedings. I was subsequently re- tained on or about July 10, to prepare the amended charges, as was also Mr. Peckham. In my letter to you of July -- (11th?) - I stated as follows: "I have consented to set in connection with Mr. Peckham in preparing the amendments, and will file them with you not later than next Wednesday". 5309J. NOBLE HAYES, ATTORNEY & COUNSELLOR, 120 Broadway, New York, _______________ #6 I did not see you again until September 1st, when I called at the Executive Chamber to speak a good word for my friend Judge Daly. I had a brief conversation with you, in which, if I remember, I told you that Mr. Peckham and I had prepared the charges and that I had the World's assurance that we would be retained to prosecute them, and that it was prepared to see them through and to back them with all its resources. Here the matter rested until I was advised by Mr. Peckham, in a letter dated July 19, to suggest to the World that, as action was likely to be taken upon the charges at any day, the preparation for the trial should be at once commenced. This was forwarded to the World by me in a letter of my own, and called forth the letter of September 21, which was published by the World on the 19th inst., and which was as follows: THE LETTER TO THE WORLD'S COUNSEL As Attorney-General Davies refers to a private letter from The World for its attorney, the letter is here given in full: PRIVATE September 11, 1900 Mr. J. Noble Hayes, 120 Broadway, New York City Dear Mr. Hayes: [Illegible] to your [illegible] of yesterday, I beg to say that the World has to [Illegible] of CONDUCTING THE PROSECUTION against Mayor [illegible] a Commissioner, if Gov. Roosevelt [illegible] The Governor, [illegible] to you his desire, if not [illegible] If the [illegible] Mayor, pending a legal [illegible] should of [illegible] have added, in every way, the [illegible]. Yours very truly, THE WORLD By the Managing Editor [*5310*] I received this letter on my way to the train for Vermont. As soon as I got to Vermont I forwarded a copy of it to Mr. Peckham, asking him what he thought I ought to do, that is seemed clearly my duty, to me, to inform the Attorney General of our changed relations to the case. After receiving his reply, considering the matter for a day or [*5311*]J. NOBLE HAYES, ATTORNEY & COUNSELLOR 120 Broadway New York, #5 I did not see you again until September 1st, when I called at the Executive Chamber to speak a good word for my friend Judge Daly. I had a brief conversation with you, in which, if I remember, I told you that Mr. Peckham and I had prepared the charges and that I had the World's assurance that we would be retained to prosecute them, and that it was prepared to see them through and to back them with all its resources. Here the matter rested until I was advised by Mr. Peckham, in a letter dated July 19, to suggest to the World that, as action was likely to be taken upon the charges at any day, preparation for the trial should be at once commenced. This was forwarded to the World by me in a letter of my own, and called forth the letter of September 21, which was published by the World on the 19th inst., and which was as follows: [?] 19 THE LETTER TO THE WORLD'S COUNSEL. As Attorney-General Davis refers to a private letter from the World its attorney, the letter is here given is full: Private. September 21, [?] Mr. J. Noble Hayes [?] Broadway, New York City, Dear Sir: Replying to your note of yesterday, I beg to say that The World has at present no [?] of CONDUCTING THE PROSECUTION against Mayor Van Wyck before a Commissioner, if Gov. Roosevelt should appoint one. The Governor's [?] delay indicates to me his desire, if not to shift the responsibility as he did the prosecution of the canal frauds, as leapt to avoid or postpone a decision. If the Governor, had suspended the Mayor, pending a legal inquiry, we should of course, have aided, in every way, the prosecution. Yours very truly, The World By the Managing Editor. [*5310] I received this letter on my way to the train for Vermont. As soon as I got to Vermont I forwarded a copy of it to Mr. Peckham, asking him what he thought I ought to do, that it seemed clearly my duty, to me, to inform the Attorney General of our changed relations to the case. After receiving his reply, considering the matter for a day or [*5311*]J. NOBLE HAYES, ATTORNEY & COUNSELLOR, 120 Broadway, New York, -------------- #4 two, I first tried to get in communication with you, and failing in this, notified the Attorney General on September 29. From that time until this week I have been out of the case, and I have consented to take it up again because I believe the public interest demands it. What occurred between you and the Attorney General and myself I think has been sufficiently commented upon. I should have said nothing about it, except that I have felt that the General's letter placed me in a rather false position. I am not blaming him now; it was only fair for me to place myself right, and I am not very sensitive, I hope, about such small matters -- perhaps it would have been as well to have let this matter pass. I tried to do it considerately. With the publication of the Answer, dictated opinion of General Davies, and the alleged telegram from Mr. Odell, I of course have absolutely nothing to do. There is a good deal of "tempest in a teapot" about it all, and it seems to me, if your Excellency will permit me to express a very friendly opinion, that the best way to end so tiresome and unprofitable a discussion is by executive action upon the merits of the case, which is the course that you are taking, and which I always excepted you to take. You are to decide whether there shall be a trial, as I understand it, after you receive my statement which will consider the question, first, whether the Mayor's Answer has changed the situation, respecting the necessity of a trial, what issues the answer raises, and what proofs we have of the necessary facts which are denied. [*5312*]J. NOBLE HAYES, ATTORNEY & COUNSELLOR, 120 Broadway, New York, #6 I should be glad to look over your anticipated statement in so far as it relates to any fact, the proof of which will rest in me or in any of my letters, that no subsequent controversy may,by any possibility,arise respecting them. If you think this advisable I am at your service is the matter. I hope to be in Albany Monday night or Tuesday morning to hand you my brief. Faithfully yours, J. Noble Hayes[*For eve, see 11-17-00*] J. NOBLE HAYES. ATTORNEY & COUNSELLOR. #5 I should be glad to look over your anticipated statement in so far as it relates to any fact, the proof of which will rest in me or in any of my letters, that no subsequent controversy may, by any possibility, arise respecting them. If you think this advisable I am at your service in the matter. I hope to be in Albany Monday night or Tuesday morning to hand you my brief. Faithfully yours, Noble Hayes P. 2 J. Noble Hayes Attorney & Counsellor STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER Nov 19 9 33 AM 1900 120 Broadway New York, Nov 17 1900 EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED NOV 20 1990 Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of the State of New York, My dear Governor Roosevelt, I am happy to inform you that after a length consultation with Mr Packham this morning (in which we went carefully over all the points in this case as it now stand on this May answer) be [Paas] decided to go into it with me, and will join in this brief [us] statement which I [can] to submit on Tuesday and take part in the trial should we be induced. I was quite sure I should have him with me when we got down to a careful [couriduation] of the care. faithfully yours, Noble Hayes 5314 1211 Manila, Received November 17, 1900. 9.28 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Killed: October 27, Catbalogan, Samar, D, 29th Infantry, Corporal Herbet H. Chase: October 30, Bugason, Panay, First Lieutenant Howard M. Koonts, 44th Infantry; November 12, La Pas, Luzon, H, 12th Infantry, John Lambert. Wounded: Charles McCollister, severely; November 2, Point Bane, Luzon, C, 28th Infantry, Patrick W. Crann, arm serious; Cook, John Bogt, thigh serious; Corporal Henry Kunkel, head, slight. MacArthur. -oOo- Manila, Received November 19, 1900. 10.30 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Following deaths have occurred since last report: Dysentery: November 15, B, 11th Cavalry, Melvin M.Hauk; November 9, H, 47th Infantry, James J.Tochel; October 31, E, 18th Infantry, William H.Silvers; October 29, K, 16th Infantry, John V.Ackley; Variola: November 8, F, 48th Infantry, William Jackson; November 11, H, 48th Infantry, Thomas Williams; November 9, E, 48th Infantry, Louis Kline. Drowned: November 6, G, 28th Infantry , Guy F. Wooten; November 12, F, 22d Infantry, William P. Miller. Died from wounds received in action: October 27, G, 9th Cavalry, Job McKinzie; November 2, H, 33rd Infantry, Henry S. Johnson. Suicide: October 27, E, 18th Infantry, Sergeant William T.Smith. Killed by comrade: November 5, K, 49th Infantry, Andrew Hardy. Cirrhosis liver: November 11, M, 17th Infantry, Patrick B.Rooney; October 25, F, 4th Artillery, John P.Watkins. Typhoir fever: November 5, M, 47th Infantry, George F.Thomas. Diphtheria: November 12, G, 34th Infantry, Augustus F.Waite. Insolation: November 10, A, 17th Infantry, Musician Harry T.Raub, Tuberculosis: November 12, G, 48th Infantry, Frank Hunter. Appendicitis: November 14, M, 27th Infantry, Henry Kind. Peritonitis: November 3, D, 26th Infantry, Frank H.Crosby, Inanition: November 13, L, 46th Infantry, John D.Carpenter. MacArthur. -oOo- 5315 REFORM CLUB 233 FIFTH AVENUE 17/11. 1900 STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER NOV 19 1002AM 1900 ALBANY EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, NOV 23 1900 Albany. Personal His Excellency Theodore Roosevelt Governor of New York Dear Sir After near five years of absence I reached home on the eve of the great demonstration for honesty and integrity in political & financial matters. Old friends made me join the procession on the following day; notwithstanding that the sky was anything but Italian the warmth of the patriotic enthusiasm made me forget the discomforts of the weather: it was a triumphal day for your good self and the good cause you have been successfully fighting for all your life! You will understand, that the interest I still hold in Colorado, did not make me forget of doing my duty as conscience and sympathy dictated: the election having given a 5316 2 new proof to the world that the Americans still possess horse sense enough to choose the best man for the highest office! The favorable result is largely due to your indefatigable work, for it was solely your good self who created and inspired the much needed enthusiasm among the growing generation; a fact which will be properly appreciated four years hence. - On my way across the Atlantic I got acquainted with the Rev. Joseph Algué S.J. Director of the Manila Observatory. It happened that our conversation began in French, drifted into Italian and ended in English; he evidently at first not taking me for an American unbosomed himself rather freely on the affairs of Manila in the past and present. I learned more thro' him than if I had studied the island's history for years. It was highly interesting to hear that the policy of the U.S. Government gradually becomes better understood 3. and appreciated, it continued on the line, loud out try President McKindey and put in force by Judge Tatf. Fr. Algué added a proviso: if proper officers and civilians - men without prejudices to the habits and religion of the natives - are sent out by our Gov., able of acting impartially, without fear and favor, on the principle of "Juaviter "in modo, fortiter in re"! It is not the place, here, to point out mistakes of the past, if such have been made; anyhow, a modified sort of an Indian policy, as has been in vogue twenty years ago, is not likely to be successful with the Islanders, who have been proven to be rough and stubborn fighters as they are astute and '[?ute]. It is not easy to restore faith, if the Natives ever had any in the purity of the motives, which prompted our Government to hold the Islands until the Islanders were fit to govern themselves. Contrary to the opinion, expressed by Bishop Potter, Fr. Algué thinks, that to pacify the inhabitants of Luzon (whose somewhat passive energy, frugality, productiveness is still underestimated) in lieu of a better element, we, for the present, have to rely more or less on the Parish priest - no matter, how low his standard - and on the Alcalde, who certainly cannot be far below the level of an Eastside Ward politician. Fr. Algué has made three trips this year between Manilla and Washington, but mind: via Rome and Madrid! It is somewhat humilating to our "home talent" to have our Government employ in a diplomatic mission, when only American Interest is at stake, A Spanish Priest, even be he the cleverest of the disciples of Loyola! - I am now gradually recovering from 5317 [11-17-00] 4 REFORM CLUB. 223 FIFTH AVENUE. an accident on Electionday, when I was nearly ran over, and am getting re-arme-ricanized, a most necessary process afer having lived almost eight years in Italy, three of them in Rome, where since the Hague Conference I became a sort of inofficial representative of the late South-African Republic, besides being interested in commercial affairs. The atmosphere in the Eternal City is not adapted to American ideas and practices; especially, if success is with the American resident, his head is apt to swell, an ailing which can only be cured by a speedy return home. - To settle my private affairs after so long an absence will take me some little time. I shan't be idle, but try to look 5318 5 for an occupation, where I can make use of the experience I gathered abroad. The income of a small fortune allowing me to live modestly wherever I choose, I am not hankering for a fat job, preferring a position where I can show ability, if I have any. Hoping that before you enter your new and ardent duties in Washington, you will enjoy a few more months of restful family life, I remain, with most sincere admiration, Yours faithfully, W E MantiusForm No. 1. 1 THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. P. 7 -INCORPORATED- 21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA. CABLE SERVICE TO ALL THE WORLD. This Company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following messages. Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays by transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Messages, beyond the amount of tolls paid thereon, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission. This is an UNREPEATED MESSAGE, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. THOS. T. ECKERT, President and General Manager STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER NOV 17 1234 PM 1900 ALBANY NUMBER B133 SENT BY [?] REC'D BY C CHECK [?] paid 151 RECEIVED at the Western Union Building, Broadway & State St., Albany, N.Y. Nov 17 1900 Dated New York 17 To Hon Theodore Roosevelt Executive Mansion Albany What an opportune time for Demonstrating that after due proof of either criminal or moral guilt you will judge impartially Your subordinates according to that high standard of official integrity by which you have always measured your own public 5220 Form No. 1. THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. -INCORPORATED- 21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA. CABLE SERVICE TO ALL THE WORLD. This Company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following messages. Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays by transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Messages, beyond the amount of tolls paid thereon, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission. This is an UNREPEATED MESSAGE, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. THOS. T. ECKERT, President and General Manager NUMBER B135 SENT BY [?] REC'D BY C CHECK RECEIVED at Western Union Building, Broadway & State St., Albany, N.Y. ___190 [Dated] Conduct Today when their frightened [To] leader is deserting them once more in the hour of their danger the mercenary and hypocritical underlings upon whom he is attempting to unload suddenly his own responsibilities would be completely panic stricken by that just and fearless action which I still firmly believe their detached manikin will recourse at your own hands. Excuse persistency [Henry D Purroy] 5321(Enclosure) STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ALBANY NOV17 1900 My Dear Sir: Permit me to thank you most sincerely for your very kind communication of congratulation. I was greatly touched and pleased at your thoughtfulness, and shall try not to be unworthy of your confidence. Very sincerely yours, Theodore Roosevelt. 5322[Eve in Turk 3-30-01] State Of New York Executive Chamber Albany My Dear Sir: Permit me to thank you most sincerely for your very kind communication of congratulation. I was greatly touched and pleased at your thoughtfulness, and shall try not to be unworthy of your confidence. Very sincerely yours, Theodore Roosevelt[*? of New Y? ?cutive chamber? Nov 19 9 33 AM Albany*] PF Department of Agriculture Office of the Secretary Washington D.C Nov 17 1900 EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED, [?] 21, 1900 Filed by ----------- Governor Roosevelt Dear friend I thought you might like to hear of the expressions made regarding yourself in our western country after you did your work among [th?] people out there I met them after the cheers and their echoes ceased to reverberate among the corn fields Every remark was heartfelt and enthusiastic concerning yourself. Western men were pleased with your vigor, approved of your courage and were profoundly [*5323*] impressed with your stated - manlike utterances. It is the settled opinion of the men of the prairies that you did more for the success of our party than the combined efforts of many others. You know the cosmopolitan character of western people, their independence, and the generosity of their impulses, I speak of their settled conclusions regarding yourself with esteem James Wilson [*5324*] [Ca 11-17-00] Albany, N. Y. July 11, 1900. J. Noble Hayes, Esq., 120 Broadway, New York City. My dear Mr. Hayes: The governor has handed me your communication of July 7th, with a request that I answer the same. He instructs me to say to you that he hopes you will prepare your amended charges, as you state you propose to do in your letter, and forward the same to the Executive D Department with as little delay as possible. I leave this afternoon for New York, and have instructed that the matter of the testimony of which you speak be carefully investigated, as suggested in your note. Yours very truly, (Signed) J. C. Davies, Attorney-General. Oyster Bay, July 20, 1900. Mr. J. Noble Hayes, 19 W 34th St., New York City. My dear Mr. Hayes: Many thanks for your letter. I am very glad that you continued as counsel in the case. I hope that your mother's illness will prove light. When the amended complaint has been gone through by the Attorney General he will bring it to me and I will then go over it with him. Sincerely yours, (Signed) Theodore Roosevelt. Block Island, R. I., July 25, 1900. Hon. J. C. Davis, Atty. Gen. State of New York. My dear Sir: I have been here for twenty-four hours consulting with Mr. Peckham in regard to the amended charges, which I am about to file in the World's proceedings for the removal of Mayor Van Wyck. We have them in shape now and they will be forwarded to you as soon as I can reach New York, and have them copied and signed by the petitioners. The Governor will have them Thursday or Friday. I am Very truly yours, (Signed) J. Noble Hayes. [*5325*]2 Block Island, R. I., July 25, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Governor State of New York. My dear Gov. Roosevelt: Mr. Peckham and I have just completed the amended charges which we are about to file in the World's proceeding for the removal of Mayor Van Wyck. As soon as I reach New York and have them copied verified I shall endeavor to present them to you in person. Yours very truly, (Signed) J. Noble Hayes. 120 Broadway, New York, July 26, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of the State of New York. My dear Governor Roosevelt: I enclose you a copy of the amended charges in the World proceeding for the removal of Mayor Van Wyck. I shall deliver the original amended charged to the Attorney General in Albany to-morrow morning. If, after looking the same over, you think I can be of any service in explaining the amendments, you will, of course, command me. Faithfully yours, (Signed) J. Noble Hayes. Bennington, Vt., Sept. 24, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Gov. State of New York. Dear Governor Roosevelt: A matter of very great importance has come up in the Mayor Removal Proceeding which I deem it my duty to advise you of at the earliest possible moment. If you will accord me an interview and suggest a time when it will be convenient for you to see me on your return to Albany, I will present myself there at your pleasure. I expect to remain in Bennington all of this week and am only forty miles from Albany so that I can come upon short notice. Faithfully yours, (Signed) J. N. H[Eve. ? Hayes 11-17-00] St. James Hotel Thos P. Miller President Cor Broadway & Walnut St. Louis, Nov 18 EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED, NOV 23, 1900 Gov. Roosevelt Honored sir I am a plain Southern man, a rail road contractor and sawmill man. Know nothing of politics in the popular use of that term. I and all my ancestors were Southern Democrats. My home is on the Gulf Coast between Mobile Ala. and New Orleans in Jackson Co Miss. but I will be here all the winter. It seems to me that any child [?aught] to see that the Democrat party is down for years to come. I heartily supported you & McKinley in the last election because I (like a large majority of Southern business men) am an [expansionist?] and favor tariff & " as held by the [*5327*] 2 St James Hotel Thos P Miller President Cor. Broadway & Walnut. St. Louis,---------------- 1900 Republican party, the South would be Republican tomorrow if they could be assured against negro domination. Now Mr Roosevelt, I can't hope to get you to listen to me, but will at least write you what I know to be facts, and how you can if you will try, do more for America than Geo Washington or Abraham Lincoln. The next fight or contest for the Presidency will be between you and Mr. Hanna or his influence. You are a wise and far seeing man, but you know absolutely nothing about our unfortunate conditions in the South. In view of the Isthmian Canal and other causes 5328 3 St. James Hotel Thos P. Miller President Cor. Broadway & Walnut St. Louis, ---------------- 1900 it is the South that is the [coming?] country. Roosevelt is the [coming?] man. The object of this letter is to make an effort to bring the man & the country in touch with each other. I earnestly beg of you, that you will go South, get away from Pullman Pallace cars and big hotels. Visit the common business men, at their mills, stores, plantations and farms. Tell them you have come to learn of the real facts and I pledge you the whole South will receive you in a way that will astound you and make you happy. My personal friend [Se?atar] Money. and S.J. McLauren 5329 4 [*St. James Hotel ThsPMiller President Cor. Broadway & Walnut St. Louis,_____1900 both rabid Southern Democrats of the Free Silver ilk, can be captured & converted by your visits & kind sympathy. So dawn these free of all prejudice and honestly learn the situation and I am free to say that I have watched your life, and I believe you have the ability and bravery to act as you see is right. I have seen for years that there is no hope for the South through the Democrat Party, and that an able and honest Republican President who would go South and learn for himself is our only hope. Do as I here lay out and in 1903 the South will be rallied for [*5330*] [5?] St. James Hotel Thos P. Miller President Cor. Broadway & Walnut St. Louis, -----------------1900 You, and you would be in a condition to do really more for America than any man who ever lived. Hoping you may see enough in my appeal to at least investigate the facts. I am your most [?] and well wisher. If you deem this worthy, you can address me care of this hotel. Yours Mr. A. Dess[*shorthand*]P.F. HOTEL CAMBRIDGE. FIFTH AVENUE & 33 ST. S.W. NEW YORK HENRY WALTER, PROP. Nov. 18. 1900. My dear governor Roosevelt! I regret very much to be unable to cancel a engagement to dine next Wednesday with Mr. Charles H. Godfrey and consequently to be unable to follow. your kind invitation. Please accept the most sincere [*5332*]thank for your kindness. From your Most obediant servant Fr. Graf Zu Limburg Hiram."IN BRUSH, SEDGE, AND STUBBLE," A PICTURE-BOOK OF SHOOTING FIELDS AND FEATHERED GAME. P. F HIGH-GRADE SUBSCRIPTION BOOKS AND PICTURES. THE SPORTSMAN'S SOCIETY. PUBLISHERS. 512 RACE STREET [CINCINNATI] Toledo Nov 18 1900 The Hon. Theodore Roosevelt Governor [?] [?] [?] N.M. My dear Governor: Thank you for your repeated praise of my book. I was especially glad to hear from you after you had time to read some of it. Your sister went to my Cincinnati office, then in to the publishers and I am therefore somewhat late in acknowledging it from Toledo. A. B. Frost Or. Cones James Lane Allen and others have endorsed the book but as you are best able to give an opinion upon such a book your letter is most gratifying Permit me to add my congratulations to those of this [feat] of mankind which no doubt reached you by wire and [b?] [?] Yours Sincerely [Dwight W Huntington] [*5334*]Personal USF0 Newark Manila P.I. 18th November, 1900 My dear Governor Roosevelt: It is a very great pleasure to congratulate you upon your election to the x Presidency of the United States. I have also had the livliest satisfaction in reading of the evidences of great prosperity which you x x, in all parts of the Country, during the recent political campaign; because I believe they were the strongest indications of the belief of the great majority in the sincerity of your intentions, and in the x and x of purpose which have characterized your admission x of every public office which 2 you have been elected or appointed. x x x dear Governor, Very Sincerely, x.x.x Colla [Ms Colla] To Governor Roosevelt, Albany 5336[*shorthand*][[???]] Manila, P.I., 18th November 1900. My Dear Colonel; The news of the election has at last reached these benighted parts of the earth, and I desire to express the great gratification felt in all army circles at the result. We all feel that we will be for the next four years in the hands of our friends-- and what more could we ask? The condition of affairs that I wrote to you in August s till continues with little variation, and will continue until there is put in effect here a vigorous repression of brigandage and guerrilla war. The people of the United State approved without a dissenting voice what had to be done at Galveston: is there a license in a brown skin to do the same kind of dirty work without restraint? This thing will have to be stamped out by the commanding officers in the field. It cannot be done from padded office chairs in the city of Manila, nor yet in the city of Washington. It is much more merciful to stamp it out fiercely and at once than to let the terrorization practiced by these pirates continue. We fellows in the field see the situation more clearly than anybody else can see it, in a military way; we do not know much about policies, but we do know that the friendly people ought to be and must be adequately protected against the system of terrorization adopted by the so called insurrectos. You may think we are not living up to and using the full limit of our authority; but I tell you we are doing all we dare to do. You know that under G.0.100, A.G.O. 1865, we ought to summarily dispose 5337a certain class of cases. We dare not do so. It is not the policy here to do so; not even when we bring them to trial and get them convicted as spies and war rebels can we get the full penalties of the law. The insurgents know this, and it makes them bold. The people know it, and therefore know we cannot protect them. For example; why should I imperil my commission, risk disagreeable investigations (based on the evident assumption that I am wrong and a murderer) all to carry out the provisions of the law of war? I cannot afford to do it, nor can any other officer, as long as it is in the policy to let these brigands off with little or no punishment. The assassination of a native has occasionally been punished with the death sentence, when the circumstances were peculiarly atrocious: but I do not know of a single case where the murder of an American, either soldier or civilian, has been so punished. How long are these people to be permitted to shoot down our men when they are peaceably passing through fully occupie[e]d territory-e-- a perfidious enemy, clad in country clothing, hidden in the jungle grass,living inside and under the pro tection of our garrisons, and relying on that fact coupled with the disguise of countrymen and the difficulty of identification, together with our mistaken policy of leniency, for their security? Are we not entitled to the protection of[f] those laws of war our country requires us to obey? Sir, the time for clemency is after cessation of such opera[tin]tions, not before. The people of each jurisdiction should be held to strict and instant accountability for every such breach of the laws of civilization, by the officer on the spot, whether he be a corpor al or a Major General. Not only that, but such officers shoul[a]d understand that if they fail to do so they will be held responsible themselves for [*5338*] 3. the lives of the men intrusted to th eir care. No other way will do this. An order from the Department, directing all commanding officers, of every grade, to strictly enforce the provisions of Paragraphs 82 to 85 of the above named order would put an end to this miserable business in one week. Then we c ould reconstruct in earnest. I am writing to you on this as you once wrote to the President about the condition of our soldiers in Cuba. You could and did say the truth. So can I do the same thing. My own conscience is clear. The official records will show you, over my Colonel's signature-- "Major Parker is a wonderfully energetic and intelligent officer, who has established and maintained peace and order in his territory". They will show you similar remarks by my District Commander. I have not hesitated, personally, to put a stop to guerrilla operations--but no one man can do it, nor will everybody go as far in that direction. I have stayed well within the policy of the administration, and the laws of war; but do you suppose all are equally familiar therewith? Has any other officer put his finger right on the sore spot for you? Has any other pointed out the exact place where the lost motion is in the machine? Named exactly what we need here in the way of reinforcement-- not in the way of men, but of definitio n of the limits of authority? I know they have not, and I know that I am right-- just as I was in '98 on my Gatling proposition-- just as I was in '99 on the proposition of promotion by selection within certain limits, and on the question of staff re-organization. I do not know what you can do for us; but I believe your heart is heavy, as mine is, not only for our own men who suffer from this avertible evil, but also for the poor deluded dupes of Agwinaldo, to whom the greatest mercy would be a short and sudden termination to this campaign. We can do it if you of the [*5339*]4 government will let us do it. But when we are fighting against an enemy where every [?] called Comandante has the power of life and death to be used at his discretion, if you want us to bring peace and order you must at least let us use those penalties [?] and made mandatory by the laws of war. I state emphatically that it is my belief based on a life right down among the natives for the last ten months, with every opportunity to study their habits and peculiarities, aided by a fluent command of the Spanish language (acquired since you knew me) that the day it is made known to them that the laws of war against the rebels and brigands and spies are going to be put in force summarily--that same day will see the end of the whole business, and the country will revert to a tranquil condition within a week, without the execution of a dozen natives. We are now losing that many of our own men every week. Shall we not consider them also? I met a member of the "K" troop here yesterday as a soldier of the 4th regular infantry. There had been a little quarrel between a 4th. Inf. man and one of mine, and I found this old "K" Troop man just where you would have wished him--putting a stop to the thing, and doing it in a business like way. I know that to the extent of your ability you will also help us to put a stop to the thing just as [?] was doing in his smaller way. Mrs. Parker wishes to join me in congratulations on the great honor that has befallen you, and in the hope that it may be only a stepping stone to new fields of active work for our common country. Sincerely, John [?] [?] 5340the District Commander, Col. Birkhauer, says by endorsement on a letter of mine,endorsement dated 17 October- "Major Parker hits the nail right on the head when he says these people fear and obey the insurgent authorities more than those of the U.S. When the authority of the U.S. is to be exerted in such a manner as to cause the terrorizers to respect it is not known or were guessed at; but, as far as I can see, it will be necessary to adopt drastic measures in dealing with these defiers or their aiders and abettors. It looks like the longer the day of reckoning is postponed the more defiant the enemy becomes and the less faith the common people have in our ability to successfully assert govern- mental attributes" In endorsement dated 29th Gen McArthur says the statement within and in 2nd Endorsement that the people favor and obey the insurgent authorities more than those of the United States is largely true, but that this is the result of a policy of terrorizing enforced by the insurgents in open violation of the laws of war is equally obvious. The resort by the U.S. authorities to similar methods is of course not to be thought of. The adoption of more drastic measures within the laws of war against parties engaged in or in sympathy with insurrection is the one which may well be considered, but whether the best ultimate results would follow the inauguration of such a policy as the present time, is not certain". You will see that I have pushed the within views as far over here as I can. To the best of my knowledge this is the only time anybody has ever succeeded in obtaining such an expression from the office of the Governor General. He is wrong. Nothing, nothing outside of hell, can be as bad as this condition of terrorization and licensed assassinations. They don't realize this in Manila- the land of white suits and collars; but we do in the field. J. H. C.Taku, China, Received, November 18, 1900. 11.45 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington November 18, Number 89. Reference your number seventy-one. We are absolutely at mercy Hong Kong Bank; especially desire avoid its extortion; my opinion, one way to accomplish it, import our own Mexican silver. Have talked with agent; he demands fifty- six cents gold for Mexican dollar now, and will not guarantee rate, nor obligate himself to supply sums required. His plan evident corner coined silver, all of which must be imported. Chief Surgeon recently lost ten and half per cent and rate con- stantly raising. Paymaster should be prepared to pay in gold, to meet requirements law and as protection to officers and men against extortion, exchange at once for Mexican two for one, - which understand is value now in Manila, - thus making same gold available for next and subsequent payments. Fifty thousand gold and two hundred fifty thousand Mexican, with plenty Mexican fractional currency, required to protect interests. Paymaster should be prepared to issue check also, if desired. Unless above method be adopted I fear our gold will be forced nearly to value of Mexican silver before Spring. Demands other nations quite as great as ours, and bank hoards Mexican to enhance value. Paymaster should be en route immediately. Chaffee(To be published Monday, November 19th, 1900.) MEMORANDUM OF THE CHARGES AGAINST THE MAYOR IN CONNECTION WITH THE ICE TRUST -:-:-:- There are three wholly, distinct sides to the Ice Trust matter. In the first place, there is a general question whether The American Ice Company, dealing as it does in a necessary of life to the poor people of New York, was one into which it was proper for a public spirited man to en- ter. This is, of course, not a question for legal action in any shape or form. Moreover, it is unnecessary to point out that whether the corporation is legal or illegal, proper or improper in character, it is an act of utter hypocrisy on the part of any public man to denounce trusts in general and this trust in particular, in the platform and on the stump, while he, at the same time, in his pri- vate capacity, holds stock or has held stock in the trust that he thus denounces. Attention is called to this feature simply because an effort has been made to show that unless legal action against the trust or some of its stockholders can be taken, these same public men are to be exonerated. Second: There is the question whether or not the existence of this so-called Ice Trust is in violation of the Anti-Trust Law. (Chapter 690 of the Laws of 1899). This, of course, can only be decided by the courts. On May 28th, 1900, the Attorney-General instituted 5342 -2- proceedings to annul the certificate of the Ice Company under this statute. The corporation through its counsel has fought the action at every stage on technicalities, not on the merits of the case. The first decision before Judge Chester was in favor of the State. An appeal has been taken by the defendants, which was argued weeks ago, and the Attorney-General is daily expecting a decision by the Appellate Division on this appeal. The defendants obtained a stay of proceedings pending the appeal. All possible diligence has been shown by the Attorney-General in the effort to secure the annulment of the certificate, and nothing could be have been done by the State to expidite proceedings, which has not been done. The delay is due, of course, to the course of the corporation itself, whose stockholders include the public men above alluded to. We now come to the third side of the matter; the only one in which the Governor, in his official capacity, has any power whatsoever to act, vis.: The charges against Mayor Van Wyck. Inasmuch as the question as to whether the Ice cor- poration is or is not a trust or monopoly is before the courts for decision, until they have acted, action by the Governor can only with propriety be taken under Section 1833 of the Greater New York Charter. So far as the charges are brought under this section it makes no differ- ence, as regards the Mayor's conduct, whether the aforesaid corporation is or is not a trust within the meaning of the law. The history of the proceedings in connection with these charges against the Mayor, is as follows: On June 24, 1900, a memorial to the Governor was sworn 5343 -3- to by David Ferguson and Louis R.Southworth, reporters of the New York World, which memorial was submitted to the Governor the following day. The charges were turned over by the Governor to the Attorney-General with instructions to examine. While the charges were being considered and before formal notion upon them was taken, under date of July 7th, 1900, Mr .J.Noble Hayes, counsel for The World, wrote to the Governor a letter, which contained the following: "I want to amend the charges preferred by The World before any formal action is taken upon them, the situation having changed somewhat since they were filed in consequence of the Hayer's appearance upon the stand after having first refused to testify." On July 9th, this letter was turned over by the Governor to the Attorney-General. On July 13th, the Attorney-General received the following telegram from the petitioners, signed: "David Ferguson, L. R. Southworth, New York World." "We beg to advise you that J.Noble Hayes, attorney for the petitioners in the matter of the removal of Mayor Van Wyek , having withdrawn from the case, the petition will be amended and filed with you by Mr.Wheeler H.Peckham, or other counsel, within a few days." However, in spite of this telegram, Mr.J.Noble Hayes apparently did return again as counsel in the case, for as July 27th,1900, the amended charges were filed, signed by David Ferguson and Louis R. Southworth and endorsed on the outside as fellows: " J.Noble Hayes, Wheeler H.Peckham, of Counsel." A somewhat humorous feature of the proceeding thus 5344-4- for was that at the very time The World, through its counsel Mr.Hayes and through its two reporters, was asking for delay by requesting to put in amended charges, the paper itself from day to day editorially demanded immediate action on these charges. Throughout July the paper thus continued to demand action before its own counsel and its own reporters had put in their final complaint. The amended charges were carefully considered both by the Governor and the Attorney-General, separately and together, and on August 14th the Governor directed the Attorney-General to serve the Mayor with a copy of the charges, giving him fifteen days in which to answer. The Mayor asked for two extensions which were granted, although in neither case was he given the full time for which he asked. On September 27th, the Mayor swore to his answer and submitted it to the Attorney-General within a day of two at Syracuse, this being on Friday, and the answer was duly filed in the Executive Chamber and thereafter placed in the hands of the Attorney-General. On September 30th, Mr.J.Noble Hayes wrote the Attorney-General a letter which concluded with the following sentences: "It is but fair that you should be advised that neither Mr.Peckham nor I have as yet been retained by The World to do this work." To this, the Attorney-General immediately replied under date of October Rd, as follows: "Albany,October Rd,1900. "J.Noble Hayes,Esq., "Bennington,Vt. 5345-5- "Dear Sir:- "I beg to acknowledge receipt of yours of September 30th, and I have carefully noted its contents. "I am certainly astounded at the assertion contained in the last five lines of your communication, viz.: That neither yourself nor Mr. Peckham have been retained in the matter. "The charges are signed by two men who are unknown to us. The names of both you and Mr.Peckham appear on the charges as counsel for the petitioners and from your letters and oral communications to the Governor and me, we certainly had the right to assume and in fact, have assumed nothing else but that you were the counsel for the petitioners in the proceeding. "I am very sure that the Governor has and I know that I have relied on the fact that Mr. Peckham and you were the proper persons to treat with in the matter. "Now, for the first time, you have informed us that neither of you are retained and, therefore, I would like to know with whom we are to treat. "It is needless to recall the fact that it was at your written request that the Governor suspended the service of the original charges upon the Mayor until you could file amended ones, for which he has received harsh and unmerited criticism by the daily press. "Upon receipt of this letter I think it would be well for you to see me at this office at once, that the Governor may be informed and that I may act intelligently in the matter." "Yours very truly, (Signed) "John C. Davies." On receipt of this letter Mr.J.Noble Hayes came down from Bennington to Albany and had a conference with the Attorney-General and on October 4th wrote the Attorney- General a letter, which contained the following statement: "First, let me state the case in a word. On July 26th, when the amended charges were filed with the Governor and in your office, he had my assurance that The World stood sponsor for them, as was well known at that time and would appear and prosecute them through Mr.Peckham and myself as counsel and that all the resources of the paper would be employed to collect and present the evidence to sustain them. 5346-6- On September 21st The World claimed to be dissatisfied with the delays which had occurred in getting the matter to a formal issue and notified me that neither Mr. Peckham nor myself would be required to make any preparations for the impending trial as it did not intend to prosecute the charges against the Mayor which it had caused to be filed and which with so many solemn assurances, it had pledged itself to support-- squarely receding from its original position." Meanwhile the Governor and the Attorney-General had been in conference over the matter orally and in writing. On September 5th, in a conference between them at Saratoga, it had been agreed, as the Governor was going out of the State, that after the answer was received, in the event of its not proving satisfactory, a Commissioner should be appointed to take testimony in the matter, said Commissioner to be Hon. Tracy C. Becker of Buffalo. At this time it was not known that the Mayor would require more than the fifteen days that had been given him in which to make his answer, although it was also agreed at the same time that any request for a reasonable extension of time should be granted. On September 27th, the Governor wrote to the Attorney- General from Pueblo, Colo., a letter, running in part as follows: What about that Ice Trust matter? Mayor Van Wyck must have put in his answer by this time. Has Tracy Becker been notified to go on with the work? I gave you the instructions about Tracy Becker and about the whole matter generally before leaving the State." On October 1st, the Governor telegraphed from Araphoe, Neb., to the Attorney-General, as follows: 5347 -7- "What progress has been made Van Wyek matter and has Commissioner been appointed to take testimony? Answer Platsmouth, Neb." Which he followed by a telegram on the following day from York, Neb., which ran as follows: "It seems to me that there should be no unnecessary delay in Ice Trust matters. Do you regard answer of Mayer as satisfactory? Can you not send me copy of answer Chicago where I shall be next Sunday, together with your opinion? Then if necessary to take testimony can you not have Mr. Becker appointed as per my conversation before leaving the State? If not, can we not consult Lieutenant-Governor Woodruff to find out if it is not possible to take immediate steps?" The Attorney-General wired in reply to Platsmouth, Neb.: "Unforeseen complications have arisen in matter concerning which you have wired. We have received a notification by letter that attorneys heretofore acting for petitioners are not retained to act in the case. Do not know with whom to communicate. Will keep you informed." Then followed under date of October 4th, the opinion and letter of the Attorney-General, which is herewith appended. This opinion was the one which the World surreptitiously and with gross impropriety procured and published. After receiving the opinion and letter under date of October 7th, the Governor wrote to the Attorney-General from Chicago as follows: "Your letter is most interesting, and I am as surprised as you are at the unexpected development. It is so absolutely unexpected that I am at a loss to know what to say. I, of course, entirely agree with you that there should be no publication of anything affecting the matter at all until we are able to render our decision 5348 -8- one way or the other, and in view of the complete change in the situation, I think it will be absolutely necessary for me to see you in person and go over the whole matter in detail with you before deciding what to do. "Faithfully yours, (Signed) "Theodore Roosevelt." "Dictated to W.Loob, Jr." In connection with this letter it should be mentioned that the counsel for the Mayor, when he gave his answer to the Attorney-General, had specially requested that it should not be published until the decision was reached; this request, being in accordance with the usual practice in such matters, was, of course, respected by the Governor and the Attorney-General. It may also be mentioned, that when about October 25th, The World charged that the answer was being suppressed lest it should hurt the members of the political party to which the Governor belonged, the Governor immediately, in an interview with the Associated Press, stated that as far as he was concerned, the Mayor was entirely at liberty to publish his answer if he desired. On October 24th, the Governor and the Attorney-General had a conference on the matter and it was agreed that although Mr. Hayes had notified the Attorney-General that neither he nor Mr. Peckham was longer retained as counsel for The World and that The World had abandoned the case, yet, that as a matter of courtesy, a copy of the answer should be given to Mr. Hayes for the use of himself and Mr. Peckham. The following day the Attorney-General wired Mr. Hayes, who came to Albany and was there handed a copy of the Mayor's answer. After waiting until November 15th, the Attorney- 5349-9- General sent Mr. Hayes the following telegram: "On or about October 25th I delivered to you a copy of Mayor Van Wyek's answer to The World charges, by direction of the Governor. You then stated that you would immediately furnish me with your comments upon the answer in writing. Nearly three weeks have passed and you have not furnished me the comments. The Governor notifies me that there can be no further delay and that if you or Mr. Peckham or either of you desire to be heard either orally or in person, you must write or appear here in person by Thursday the 15th, at noon. If you do not so write or appear, the Governor will be obliged to make a disposition of the charges." (Signed) "John C. Davies." One the same day Mr. Hayes wrote, not to the Attorney- General but to the Governor, stating that "he would come up to Albany to-morrow" to lay the situation before the Governor. At the interview, held at noon November 15th, Mr. Hayes notified the Governor and Attorney-General that he was once more retained by The World, and in response to a request from the Governor, said that he would file a further brief and statement in the matter, by or before Tuesday the 20th. 5350(COPY) "State of New York, "Attorney General's Office, "Albany, October 4th, 1900. "Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, "Governor of the State of New York, "Chicago, Ill. "My dear Governor:- "As you are already aware, the answer of Mayor Van Wyck, under date of September 27th, was delivered to me on September 29th and duly filed in your office. "In response to your request that I forward the answer to you, together with my opinion upon the same, I have the honor to say: "I have carefully examined the answer and find that the same contains a specific denial of each and every charge involving any criminality or moral offense, and a detailed explanation as to the circumstances set forth in the charges from which such criminality or moral guilt might be inferred. "First, let me say a word as to the form of the charges. They are made wholly upon information and belief. They do not state the grounds of the petitioner's belief nor the sources of their information as to the matters alleged against the Mayor, nor is the petition accompanied by any papers, documents or other evidence in its support. The charges purport to be made by one David Ferguson and one Louis Southworth. These men are unknown to me and neither their residences or occupations appear in the papers, excepting that the answer of the Mayor 5351asserts that they are reporters upon the New York World. "When the charges and the amended charges were filed with you, the names of J. Noble Hayes and Wheeler H. Peckham appeared endorsed upon the same as counsel in the proceeding. On the day when the Mayor's answer was presented to me, September 29th, Mr. Hayes wrote me a letter of that date, in which he stated that neither he nor Mr. peckman had as yet been retained for the purpose of procuring or presenting evidence which would be necessary to support the charges. I enclose a copy of my reply to Mr. Haye's letter. As you will readily see, this leaves us in a situation where there is no responsible party with whom we can communicate or confer, with respect to the proceeding to be taken in case you should conclude that the appointment of a commissioner was necessary or advisable. "The Mayor by his answer admits that during his incumbency of the office, he has been the owner of shares of stock in the American Ice Company. He also admits that during the period in which he has the owner of such stock, the American Ice Company had contracts with the city for the sale of ice to various departments of the city and for the leasing of docks belonging to the city. "In my opinion, the owner of stock in the corporation is "interested" within the meaning of that word as employed in Section 1533 of the Greater New York Charter, in a contract between the corporation and the city. I base this opinion upon the authority of The Commonwealth vs. De Camp, 177 pa.State Reports, P.112, and the case of Foster vs. City of Cape May, 36 Atl.Rep.,P.1089, where it was decided by the Supreme Court of the State of Pennsyl--13- vania and by the Supreme Court of the State of New Jersey, that a stockholder of a private corporation was interested in a contrast between the corporation and the city. In the absence of a contrary decision by the courts of this state, I feel that these authorities are practically controlling, although they are opposed to the view taken by Judge Dillon in his opinion, which is appended to the Mayors answer. But the mere fact that the Mayor was interested in a contract or contracts with the city in this indirect manner, is not in my opinion, a sufficient ground for his removal. "In order to justify his removal, I do not believe that it is necessary to establish a case against him upon which he could be convicted of a crime under the provisions of Section 1533 above referred to; but I do believe that there should be clear and satisfactory evidence of his moral guilt. "It should be borne in mind that while the charges as already seen are wholly upon information and belief, the Mayor's answer is under oath and the allegations and denials of the answer are in positive terms. He admits that on the 11th day of April. 1899, he became the owner of certain shares of stock in the American Ice Company. He alleges that at the time when he purchased this stock, the Company had no contracts with the city. He further alleges that he never became aware that the company had any such contracts until the latter part of May, 1900, when the proceeding before Justice Gayner was instituted and that upon being informed that the Company was interested in contracts with the city, he immediately commenced disposing of his stock and on the 28th day of June, 1900, [*5353*]-13- he sold the last of his stock and has never since that time been, directly or indirectly, interested in the Company. He swears in the most positive terms that all the contracts between the city and the Company were made without his knowledge or volition and without any suspicion upon his part of their existence. That when he bought the stock in question, he did not know or have in contemplation that the Knickerbocker Ice Company or the Consolidated Ice Company, or any other companies, were about to become or would become merged in the American Ice Company or united with said Company in any way. "In short, the answer shows that when the Mayor acquired his stock in the American Ice Company it had no business relations whatever with the City of New York and did not have for a long time afterwards and that as soon as he discovered that it had such relations, he immediately commenced to dispose of his stock. The answer also contains the most explicit denial of any intention of creating or fostering a monopoly or of any knowledge or information of such a scheme. "With a single exception, the answer is very complete and satisfactory. The exception to which I refer is the admission contained in the answer that the Mayor bought the stock in question from the President of the American Ice Company and gave his promisory notes for $200,000.00 in payment for the greater part of the same. Certain inferences may, perhaps, be legitimately drawn from this transaction, but standing alone, it is not sufficient evidence of a criminal intent. "It is of the utmost importance that no further proceedings should be taken in the matter unless you are 5354-14- satisfied that the charges can be sustained. The Mayor of the greatest city in America should not be humiliated by being placed upon trial upon charges which are groundless, or which cannot be proven. Under all the circumstances and in view of the fact that the charges are made upon information and belief and that Mr. Hayes and Mr. Peckham appear to have practically withdrawn from the case and considering the great expense both to the Mayor and to the State involved in such a trial, I believe that before a Commissioner is appointed or any further proceedings taken in this matter, you should require the petitioners to place you in possession of evidence which standing alone and undisputed, would justify the removal of the Mayor. "In my judgement, the Mayor's answer should not be made public at this time. As I have already stated, its denials and allegations are clear and explicit and it might be at once suggested, either that the charges should be dismissed or that a Commissioner should at once be appointed and the Mayor given a speedy opportunity to exonerate himself. "You are powerless to act in this matter during your absence from this state. You cannot appoint a Commissioner until you reach this State and I am informed that Mr. Woodruff will decline to take the responsibility of appointing one. "I, therefore, believe, that the answer should not be given out until you return to the State and are prepared to take immediate action. In the meantime, if you consider it desirable, I can communicate with the petitioners and request them to furnish the evidence in support of the charges and be prepared to advise you as [*5355*]-15- to its sufficiency when you return. "Yours very truly, (Signed) "John C. Davies." 5356MEMORANDUM OF THE CHARGES AGAINST MAYOR VAN WYCK IN CONNECTION WITH THE ICE TRUST. 5357[*PL*] DICKENSON, WARREN & WARREN, UNION TRUST BUILDING DON M. DICKENSON. CHARLES S. WARREN. BENJAMIN S. WARREN. JAMES M. CULLEN. DETROIT. Nov. 19-1900 My dear Governer:- On returning from an absence, I find your very kind letter of the 9th inst. Because of my sincere admiration and respect for you personally I shall preserve it and leave it as a most prized heritage to my son. Very sincerely and faithfully, Your Friend Don M. Dickenson Honorable Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, New York 5358H.M.S. Department of the Interior United States Patent Office Washington, DC November 19,1900 Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber, Albany, N.Y. My dear Governor: In compliance with your request I herewith return the papers forwarded to me under date of the 17th. As you infer, no one other than yourself has a legal right to use the patent. Very truly yours, C.H. Duell Commissioner (Enclosures) 5359Spokane Washington Nov 19-1900 [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED DEC 3 ?? Filed by ___*] Hon Theo. Roosevelt Albany NY Dear Sir It is quite possible that you may have forgotten me and in order to identify myself will say that I had the pleasure of your acquaintance while treasurer of Billings County and at that time had my office in Joe Finis' store at Medora. It is perhaps [milless] to say that it has been with the greatest pleasure that I have watched and admired your public career and would have been much more gratified if I could have cast my vote for you at the head of our ticket. Please accept my most hearty Congratulations and allow me to Express the hope that I may at some future time cast my vote for you for first place. I saw by the press reports that you are likely to visit this state perhaps this coming year. There is a matter to which I would like to call your attention but hardly know how to approach it for fear you may think I am interfering with what is none of my business but trust you will believe it is from a sincere desire to relieve you of a possible cause for embarrassment in case you should visit Spokane- I only learned of its Existence a few days since during 5360a conversation with Mr. H. B. Wadsworth who you will remember as one of the catch men of Medora. He claims that there is an old account between you and him relating to a "line" camp on winter at Medora and says if you were come to [Medora] Spokane he intends to institute a suit and get service on you then. I simply mention it to you in order that you may not be taken unawares and perhaps subjected to some annoyance. I know nothing of the case and trust you will believe it is from a sincere claim to be of some slight service to you. Yours very Respectfully [Jno]. C. Fisher 5361[[shorthand]] Nov. 19, 1900. To His Honor Gov. Roosevelt: In July last I was retained by The World to advise as to certain proposed amendments to the charges against Mayor Van Wyck, and did so. My employment extended no further. Since a conference between you, the Attorney-General and Mr. Hayes on some day last week I have been retained by The World to assist in the prosecution of those charges. Mr. Hayes has prepared a brief to submit to you on the 20th inst., i. e., to-morrow. The time is too short for me to more than read it and to say that I generally concur with it, and while I might, if time permitted, suggest some changes, I have concluded simply to join in the same and to add a few words of my own. On what may be called the technical charges., i. e., breach of the Charter provisions, the Mayor says that he did not know that it was wrong. Laying aside the question whether in any case that could be any defense, surely it can ve none in this case.It for many years now has been a common proceeding in forming trusts to do it through the very means employed in this case., i. e., the buying up of competitors and the buying of their stock if corporations. The initial step of the Mayor was an exchange of stock he held in the Knickerbocker Ice Company for stock in the American Ice Company. Does the Mayor wish us to believe that he did not know that that proceeding, ex necessitate rei, was not a step toward getting rid of competition by consolidating with competitors? Can Your Honor believe, in view of the universal organization of trusts in just precisely that way for the last five or six years, that every one did not understand that this consolidation was just like all the rest., i. e., to effect so far as possible a monopoly? Every child in the country knows it. The Mayor thus became interested in this trust or monopoly-- 53632 interested after his additional purchase to the extent of 5,800 shares; interested in making money out of the city and citizens of the city of New York; interested in having the American Ice Company get every possible dollar out of the city and citizens of New York. His answer shows that last spring, with the President of the Ice Company, and with his bosom friend and co-share-owner of ice stock, Carroll, he went to the ice-fields of Maine, and from a steamboat provided by the President inspected the plant of the American Ice Company. His statement that the trip was a social visit to the President, and that they did not talk of ice, is so absurd that it becomes affirmative evidence that they did and that the trip was in furtherance of the ice monopoly, to obtain which was the sole raison d'etre of the American Ice Company. Now, during this time Van Wyck was Mayor of New York. The very essence of the Charter provisions is to secure not only the independence but the absolute disinterestedness of all the corporate officers. We have a right to their action untrammelled by any personal interest. And yet we are told by this Mayor that he, while holding 5,800 shares of this Ice Company engaged in the effort to crowd out all competition and actually raising the price more than 100 per cent., was qualified to and was actually exercising in behalf of the city and of its citizens the Charter duty of at the same time protecting their interests. What other Mayors in other cases have done is of no consequence. We are not trying their cases. In this particular case I submit that, from the evidence attached by the Mayor to his answer and from the nature of the case, it is impossible to arrive at any other conclusion than that at the time the Mayor transferred his 800 shares of Knickerbocker stock and purchase his 5,000 shares of American Ice Company stock he did it with the intent of aiding to the best of his ability the American Ice Company to so monopolize the ice business in the city of New York as to enable it to charge such price as it chose and to compel the city and citizens to pay such price. Any other intent is unthinkable. Now, should a man thus3 conspiring against the city of which he is Mayor, against the citizens thereof, who sells his stock only under the pressure of public indignation, remain Mayor? Remember, too, that his statements in avoidance of liability are statements only - they remain to be proved. His answer is no proof. His answer he wrote in quiet, with the help of his counsel. I imagine that you will agree that his testimony, subject to cross-examination, will be quite a different thing. Under the circumstances, I submit that you have no choice of action. Public interests, public decency alike demand that a commissioner be appointed and the case heard. Yours truly, WHEELER H. PECKHAM. 5363[For enc see 11-19-00] [ca 11-19-00] BEFORE HIS EXCELLENCY, HON. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. IN THE MATTER of The Removal of Robert A. Van Wyck from the Office of Mayor of the City of New York. In compliance with the request of His Excellency the Governor, counsel for the petitioners respectfully submit the following statement of that they deem to be: First, the issues raised by the Mayor's answer to the petition, referring to the facts which stand admitted by the answer and those which remain to be proven in support of any charges, together with a statement of the nature of the proof which petitioners are prepared to offer in support of the same; second, the law applicable to the whole case which calls for executive action. STATEMENT OF THE CASE PRESENTED BY THE PETITION. Three separate and distinct charges are preferred against the Mayor. The first is, that while, as chief magistrate of the city, he was charged with the enforcement of the laws, especially those affecting the well-being of the municipality and its inhabitants, he was engaged, with others, in the violation of laws prohibiting monopolies in commodities which may be regarded as necessities of life. That he was directly concerned in the creation and maintenance of such a monopoly and deriving enormous profits from it, and that his official position was being used for such purpose. It is charged that this monopoly, known and the "Ice Trust," was not only engaged in bringing privation and suffering to the poor, but was engaged in corrupting the public officials of the city, and that not only the Mayor 5364 2 and all his Dock Commissioners, but those in control of the local dominant political party, known as "Tammany Hall," were heavily interested stockholders and promoters of this monopoly; and it is charged that the Mayor acquired his stock from the President of the company operating this monopoly for a very small, if not a nominal, consideration; all in express violation of the salutary laws of the State, and, as to the Mayor, of Section 115 of the Charter, which required him to enforce, rather than to break, the laws. The second and third charges are for violations of another law, to wit, Section 1,533 of the Charter of the city of New York, which declares "that no officer of a corporation shall be or become, directly or indirectly, interested in the performance of any contract, work or business, or the sale of any article, the expenses, price or consideration of which is payable from the city treasury; . . . nor in the purchase or lease of any real estate or other property belonging to or taken by the corporation." The Mayor is charged with having violated this law in two respects; First, in being directly or indirectly interested in leases made by the city and renewals of leases to corporations in which the Mayor was a stockholder; and second, in being interested, as such stockholder, in contracts made between the city and the American Ice Company for the purchase of ice, all while he was Mayor of the city of New York. These charges were in form made upon information and belief, as it was proper to make them; but the original sources of such information were in many instances indicated, both in the petition itself and in the testimony taken before Judge Gaynor, and concerned matter and facts which were mostly contained in public documents on file in the city of New York, such as the city contracts on file in the Comptroller's office; leases in the Deck Department; lists of stockholders, and other documents of a quasi-public character. As we shall presently show, most of these essential facts, so alleged upon information and belief, have been admitted by the Mayor in his answer, so that the form of the allegations is no longer material with respect to those matters at least. THE ANSWER. THE QUESTION IS, WHAT FACTS ARE PUT IN ISSUE 3 BY THE ANSWER, AND HOW FAR IS THE CASE, AS IT STANDS UPON THE PETITION, CHANGED OR AFFECTED BY THE ANSWER! We submit that the answer is a clear confession of guilt, and that its attempts to avoid the consequences thereof are ineffective. GENERAL ADMISSIONS. The Mayor in his answer starts out by frankly admitting all the facts which were wrung from him in the Leech proceeding respecting his acquisition of BETWEEN FIVE AND SIX THOUSAND SHARES of the stock of the American Ice Company from Mr. Morse, the President of that company; and he tells us of the way in which he got it; and, if Your Excellency is disposed, you may read all of that story which has come to light in his testimony, given in the Leech proceedings before Judge Gaynor, for HE HAS SUBMITTED IT TO YOU WITH HIS ANSWER AND HAS THUS MADE IT COMPETENT FOR THIS PURPOSE (see sub. div. VII.). REPENTANCE AND SALE. He next tells us that, having discovered the error of his ways, or having had the error of his ways discovered for him in a court of justice, he has parted with his stock at a loss; or, in other words, he is sorry that he was discovered in breaking the law. We are left to wonder whether Mr. Morse did not arrange the sale of this stock, and as to how much it netted the Major in dividends while he held it. Why he sold it at all if it was proper and legal for him to own it is not explained. IF HE WAS RIGHT HE SHOULD HAVE STOOD HIS GROUND. But he says he would have sold it before the Leech proceedings in which he was examined if he had known of the action of his Dock and Finance Departments in making leases and contracts with the Knickerbocker, consolidated and American Ice Companies, in which he was interested. We shall speak of ignorance as a PLEA hereafter. But he should have known what his departments 5365 4 were doing, for the charter under which he accepted office provides (section 115) that "It shall be the duty of the Mayor . . . . 3. TO KEEP HIMSELF INFORMED OF THE DOINGS OF THE SEVERAL DEPARTMENTS." The printed reports of the Dock and Finance Departments were placed before him each year. ANSWERS II. AND III. CHARGES. After making these general admissions the answer next takes up the refutation of the charges in their inverse order, and proceeds to admit all the fact which the petitioners could be required to prove to establish the second and third charges of the petition. We agree with the learned Attorney-General in his memorandum of opinion dictated to Your Excellency, in so far as he says "The Mayor, by his answer, admits that during the incumbency of the office he has been the owner of shares of stock in the American Ice Company. He also admits that during the period in which he was the owner of such stock the American Ice Company had contracts with the city for the sale of ice to various departments of the city, and for the leasing of docks belonging to the city." This brings the Mayor clearly within the provisions of this section of the charter, unless the special matters alleged by him constitute an exception to its provisions. But there are no exceptions mentioned in the law itself, and they can only be engrafted upon it by a CONSTRUCTION which will nullify it. But let us examine the special excuses which constitute the Mayor's defense to clauses II. and III. before discussion the law and the cases which have arisen under it, and see how meritorious they are in the forum of common sense. First - THE PLEA OF IGNORANCE, which we have noticed above. If ignorance and inattention will avoid the law, then there is no law that is enforcible. But happily for the law there is no such rule; and ignorance excuses no man. When a man assumes the office of Mayor of New York he takes the office with all its responsibility, no matter how onerous, and subject to removal for cause. To hold otherwise would be to invite official misconduct. The law, when it imposes duties upon public officials, is not curious to inquire into their intent in violating them, and this belongs? 5 belongs to that class of cases where the intent is immaterial. "THE LEGISLATURE MAY ENACT LAWS FOR THE MERE VIOLATION OF WHICH, IRRESPECTIVE OF CRIMINAL INTENT, PENALTIES ARE ATTACHED." --- (8 Amer. Ency. of Law, page 291 and cases cited.) In the People vs. Roby, 52 Mich. 577, where the owner of a saloon was convicted of violating the law relative to keeping open his place on Sunday, upon a sale made by his clerk without his consent, Chief Justice Cooley observed: "Many statues which are in the nature of police regulations impose criminal penalties irrespective of any intent to violate, the purpose being to require a degree of diligence for the protection of the public which shall tender violations impossible." In the People vs. Schaeffer, 41-Hun. 23, the defendant was indicted for selling adulterated milk in violation of chapter 202 of the Laws of 1884 (N.Y.), and chapters 183 and 458 of the Laws of 1885, when the plea of ignorance was interposed. the defendant was convicted and the conviction was sustained, the Court saying: "The offense is established by proof of sale of milk which is shown to be adulterated. That the seller had knowledge of the adulteration need not be shown," citing People vs. Cipperly, 3 East. Rep. 558. PEOPLE VS. BROOKS. ( Denio 457.) The defendant, a Justice of the Peace, was indicted for refusing to take an affidavit. 2. R. S. 696 '38 provides that the wilful neglect of an officer to do an act which the law requires of him shall be a misdemeanor. It was held in this case, that to constitute such neglect WILFUL it is immaterial to show that the refusal was not in bad faith. Opinion, Beardsley J. "* * * The Justice knew what was asked of him and he knew what he refused; * * * He refused to administer the oath and he intended so to refuse. This was a wilful violation of duty, for 'every intentional act is necessarily a wilful one.' (Commonwealth vs. Green 1 Ashmeads R. 299). 5366 6 That the Justice believed he was not bound to take the affidavit and acted in good faith in refusing to do so are no defense. Ignorance of the law is no excuse, and an honest conviction that one has a right to do what the law declares to be illegal will not make the act innocent. A mistake in point of law, which every person of discretion not only may but is bound and presumed to know, is in criminal cases no sort of defense. (4 Blackstone Com. 227, Rex Vs. Esop, 7 Carr & Payne, 456). * * * By the terms of the statute a wilful neglect of duty is made indictable, and it need not, in any other sense, be CHARGED or FOUND to be CORRUPT." (The King vs. Holland, 5 Durn. & East, 623, 618)." Muzzy, Supervisor, vs. Shattuck et al, 1 Denio, 233. Declaration was on a bond executed by defendants to the Supervisor, conditioned for the faithful performance by Shattuck of his duties as collector. It was held no defense that the sums of money lost were stolen without the connivance of Shattuck and by persons unknown to him. NO CRIME. But the Mayor says he has committed no CRIME and that you cannot remove him unless has, and he next proceeds to garble section 1533, the provision of the law which he is charged with violating, by quoting the portion of the section under which the petitioners are NOT proceeding, and omitting the portion under which they are asking Your Excellency to remove him from office. This is the part of the section which he does NOT quote: "No * * * officer of the corporation shall be or become directly or indirectly interested in or in the performance of any contract, work or business, or the sale of any article the expense, price or consideration of which is payable from the city treasury * * * nor in the purchase or lease of any real estate or other property belonging to or taken by the corporation." The portion which the Mayor has quoted in his answer is that which creates a penalty for the violation of the foregoing. It is7 the PENAL provision of the section and creates a MISDEMEANOR, in order to be convicted of which the Mayor must be charged with KNOWLEDGE in acquiring the interest prohibited, from which a criminal intent may be inferred. This penalty is cumulative and is in addition to any other penalty which the general provisions of law create for the violation by a public official of a positive provision of a statute under which he holds office. It was so held in the case of People vs. Shaler (52 Hun, 483), where Chief Justice Van Brunt, writing for the Court, says, referring to a law almost identical, under which Gen. Shaler, as the Health Commissioner, was removed by the Mayor. "The Mayor has power to remove for cause, and any violation of a law which restricts the powers and duties of heads of departments us a cause for removal, THE MERE FACT THAT HE THEREBY SUBJECTS HIMSELF TO AN ADDITION PUNISHMENT IS NO ANSWER TO THE CLAIM THAT SUCH ACT CONSTITUTES A CAUSE FOR REMOVAL," MISDEEDS OF OTHERS. This, indeed, is the most novel defense of all. That the law-breaker should escape punishment by charging others with the commission of similar offense to his own, upon the theory of "practical construction," is a new doctrine and might safely be dismissed without comment. It may be observed in pasing, however, that it does not appear that the infractions of law charged against Mayors Strong and Grace and other public officials results in any oppression of the people, nor that they caused general suffering or distress. DEVOLUTION OF INTEREST. The Mayor next tries to bring himself within the exception to the PENAL provision of the act, which, as we have before pointed out, we are not proceeding under; but there is no exception to that portion of the section under which we are proceeding to remove him It is mandatory and unqualified, and says that no officer of the corporation SHALL BE OR BE- 53678 interested, &c. But even if we were proceeding under the penal provision of the act, the "devolution of interest," contemplated by the statute is such a devolution as would result from the vesting of a title in him by the death of somebody under the laws of descent, or by will, or by operation of law for which he was not responsible. Any other construction of this portion of the section would make the law too easy of evasion. All a corrupt Mayor desiring to deal with the city against the prohibition of this section would have to do would be to have his dealings through a corporation of which he might hold the great majority of the stock, and let a selected board of directors (of which he was not a member) make the unlawful contracts, he meanwhile deriving the profits of the transaction and claiming that the interest had "devolved" upon him. He might really not even know of the contracts which his board of directors were making with the city, but might rest well content in ignorance so long as the dividends on his stock were piled up. The Mayor says several times in his answer that before he became interested in the American Ice company it had no contracts with the city. If he can derive any comfort from the fact that the contracts with the city began to be made shortly after he became interested in such contracts as a stockholder he is welcome to it, and we would not deprive him of any consolation which that reflection may afford him; but we submit that it does not constitute a defense. On the contrary, it is just what might be expected and what the statute seeks to guard against. The favorable contracts would be expected to follow and not to precede the acquiring of the official's interest, if evil were intended. Judge Dillon's Opinion. It is next attempted to mislead Your Excellency's judgment by the assertion that an eminent lawyer and jurist has rendered an opinion upon the questions here presented, and has declared that the Mayor is not removable for the causes assigned in the second and third divisions of the charges. (See answer, Subd. 2, page 6.) And this seems to have for the moment misled the learned Attorney- General, who in his memorandum of opinion appears to accredit Judge Dillon with having passed upon this question, by implication at least. This opinion, with all the correspondence relating to it, is paraded in the answer with great ostentation. A moment's consideration of it will show that it has no bearing whatever upon the questions here presented, and that they are in no wise involved in it. Judge Dillon was asked to construe another portion of this section - that relating to the relief of the city from a contract entered into in violation of its previous provisions - and he held 9 that the Comptroller might not set aside such a contract by reason of the circumstances that a private corporation which had made a contract with the city happened to have a city official among its list of stockholders. He states the proposition thus: "Does the mere fact, if it be true, that the Mayor owned stock is the ice company on or about Jan. 17, 1900, when the said ice contract was made, and still owns such stock, EMPOWER THE COMPTROLLER, UNDER SAID SECTION 1533, TO DECLARE FORFEITED AND VOID THE SAID ICE CONTRACT!" This eminent jurist holds upon this proposition that such circumstances would not be sufficient in itself to avoid the contract. This option is not shared in by Judge Tracy, who holds directly the reverse of Judge Dillon. (See Judge Tracy's opinion hereto annexed.) But, whatever may be the merits of this question, upon which learned jurists disagree, it has nothing whatever to do with the question of the OFFICIAL'S GUILT, except to emphasize the proper method pointed out by the statute of avoiding such contracts at the start by holding the offending city official to a strict accountability under the law. In a letter written to Mr. Hayes by Judge Dillon on June 11, 1900, Judge Dillon said: "On coming to the office this morning I found your note re my opinion to Comptroller Coler concerning his powers and duties under section 1533 of the charter, with newspaper comments and statements. IT IS TO BE BORNE IN MIND THAT MY OPINION RELATES ONLY TO THAT PORTION OF SECTION 1533 THAT REFERS TO THE POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE COMPTROLLER." And yet this option is set forth in the Mayor's answer as a defense. This method of defending charges requires no characterization. MISSTATEMENT AS TO THE LEECH PROCEEDING. Again the answer resorts to a misstatement of fact to mislead Your Excellency and the public in regard to the opportunity which the proceeding prosecuted by five members of the Municipal Assembly before Judge Gaynor in the Supreme Court afforded for proving the existence of the monopoly alleged in the present proceedings. We refer to it not because it would, if true, constitute a defense to the charges here pressed in the remotest degree, but as showing the utter RECKLESSNESS of this much-vaunted but nevertheless absurd answer. It says at sub. div. VII.: "The same counsel employed by the same newspaper conducted a proceeding before the Hon. William J. Gaynor, a Justice of the Supreme Court, in May and June, 1900, to take the examination of the Dock Commissioners and myself and other persons as witnesses under section 1534 of the charter. "This proceeding was based on allegations similar to those obtained in these charges. In that proceeding The World and its counsel examined nine 536810 witnesses, including myself, and were given time and opportunity by the Justice to compel the attendance of any person with papers. "They produced no evidence which showed or tended to show that I was cognizant of, concerned in or connected with any plan, arrangement or conspiracy to create or maintain a monopoly in the ice business or to advance the price of ice or restrict or prevent competition therein, or that I was unlawfully interested in any contract or lease made to or by the city to any ice company or other person, or that I had received stock of any corporation as a gift or upon a nominal consideration." The evidence in the Leech proceeding before Judge Gaynor is referred to in the answer and made a part of it, and is thus rendered competent and is now before you. The following extracts from it will serve to show that the petitioners in that proceeding were not permitted to go into the questions of the creation and existence of the monopoly charged, but were expressly excluded from going into that question on the hearing, although the order directing the examination provided that they might. At page 53 of the testimony counsel for the petitioners put the following question to the president of the ice company: Q: Mr. Morse, is it true that, whatever the legal relations of these constituent companies, they are all under the same management, and that the American Ice company dictates the price at which ice shall be sold in New York? Mr. Nicoll (for Mr. Morse) - I object to any such question. The Court --I exclude it. Again at (page "add." 20) in the examination of Mr. Schoonmaker, vice- president of the American Ice Company. Mr. Hayes - Q. Wasn't the American Ice Company formed in contemplation of absorbing these other companies? Mr. Nicoll -- I object to any of these questions. The Court -- I exclude this. At (page "add." 23 of testimony) the question was again distinctly raised by Mr. Peckham and excluded, the Court intimating that the monopoly proof had been sufficiently proven. You could not connect an official with a monopoly by proof until you had established the existence of the monopoly to start with, otherwise this ruling was an absurdity. In consequence of this ruling counsel for the petitioners went no further in the investigation before Judge Gaynor. what shall we say of such a misleading answer as this, and to the excuses which its misstatements present to Your Excellency as a reason for staying the trial of this proceeding? It is enough for our purposes now to say that, assuming all this mass of misstatements to be true, no part of it presents the slightest defense, either in law, logic or morals, to the charges preferred. We are not surprised that the Mayor declined the invitation extended to him by Your Excellency and joined in by the press to publish this answer several weeks prior to Nov. 7. The question remains to be considered as to how the case now stands respecting the second and third charges upon the admissions of the Mayor's answer, if the excuses offered by him are to be disregarded as not constituting a defense, bearing in mind that the Attorney-General agrees with us in this opinion, that "the Mayer, by his answer and during his incumbency of 11 office, has been the owner of shares of stock in the American Ice Company, and also admits that during the period in which he was owner of such stock the American Ice Company had contracts with the city for the sale of ice to various departments of the city and for the leasing of docks belonging to the city." The Mayor, having been brought squarely within the provisions of section 1533 of the Charter by these admissions, is certainly very seriously involved if the statute is to have any effect. In determining whether his offense constitutes ground for removal, we respectfully submit that Your Excellency may safely follow the statutes and adjudicated cases. The statute says that the Mayor SHALL NOT BE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY INTERESTED. His excuses failing as a defense, he is put, by the admissions of his answer in this position--he must establish as matter of law that a stockholder is not interested in the contracts of his corporation within the meaning of this statute, a position which is absolutely untenable, either in law or justice. Could anything be plainer in reason and common sense than that a stockholder of a corporation who shares in the profits of its contracts is INTERESTED in such contracts, directly as well as indirectly, whether they be contracts for services, supplies, or contracts of lease? In England they have a statute almost identical with Section 1533 of the Charter, and which in its earlier derivation is probably the prototype of our own, which very eminent English judges have construed and applied with their characteristic clearness and precision. Case of Todd vs. Robinson (54 Law Jour. Common Law Rep., N. S., 47), arose under section 193 of the Public Health Act of 1875, 38 and 39 Vic. C. 55, which provides as follows: "Officers or servants appointed or employed under this act by the local authority shall not in any wise be concerned or interested in any bargain or contract made with such authority for any of the purposes of this act," and providing as a penalty for violation thereof incapacity to hold office and a forfeit of fifty pounds. The case held that a clerk of a local district board under this act, who is a shareholder in a gas company which supplies the district at so much a lamp, paid by the local board, IS AN OFFICER INTERESTED in a contract made with the board for the purpose of this act, AND IS LIABLE TO THE PENALTY THEREIN PROVIDED. Three very eminent English judges joined in the opinion. BRETT, M. R., held that the penalty was in respect to being INTERESTED in the contract, which it appeared the defendant was. The Court observes that the defendant was morally guiltless, or at least that the violation of law which he had committed was through inadvertence, there being no discreditable and doubtful circumstances connected with his acquisition of the stock which disqualified him, as in Mayor Van Wyck's case, and yet they held that they were bound to enforce the law. COTTON, L. J. "The schedule to the act helps to show that he was interested in the contract made with the corporation of which he was a stockholder, as participation in profits thus made a form of interest. THE 536912 PROFITS FROM THE CONTRACT GO INTO THE POCKETS OF THE COMPANY AND THEN INTO THE DEFENDANT'S POCKET" Lindley, I.J., concurred. WHITELY vs. BAILEY (Law Rep., 31 Q. B. D., 154), an action for penalties under the Public Health Act of 1875: the defendant was surveyor of the Corporation of Ramsgate. While such surveyor the town desired to make certain improvements in streets and sewers, the corporation authorized the surveyor to make out specifications and advertise for bids, and this being done the CORPORATION provided in its contract with the contractors that should PAY THE SURVEYOR 2 1/2 on the contract price. Lord Esher said: "There was no contract between him and the CORPORATION that they should pay him for taking the quantities, and no contract between him and the contractors, but there was between the corporation and the contractors. That percentage the defendant could only get by the reason of the contract...In what way would he get it may be in doubt, but it seems to me if the money were in the hands of the corporation they would hold it as trustees for the surveyor. That the defendant's position was such as this enactment strikes at is clear. He was to be paid by percentage on the contract price, and so the larger that was, the larger would be his remuneration. Therefore it would be to his interest that he would make the quantities as large as they could be made." KELLER VS. WEST B. C. MFG. CO (39 HUN., 348.) A STOCKHOLDER of a corporation other than a bank is incompetent to give evidence of a personal transaction between himself and a deceased person in an action against a corporation by executor of a deceased person under Sec. 829 Code on account of PERSONAL INTEREST. In Mullally vs. Mayor (3 Hun, 665), the action was to recover for the publication of city notices. The plaintiff was the proprietor of the "Metropolitan Record," the paper designated to publish such notices; there was due him for such publications $8,661. HE WAS AT THE TIME SUCH PUBLICATIONS WERE MADE A HEALTH COMMISSIONER OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. Held, within the provisions of the Act of 1870, chap. 115. Daniels, J., in writing the opinion, said: "The restriction created by the statute was highly salutary in its character. It was designed to prevent persons employed for the promotion and protection of the public interests from being diverted from those objects by means of pecuniary advantage they might otherwise secure for themselves. It was to harmonize the obligations of duty and the inclinations of self-interest to avoid the neglect or misconduct which a conflict between duty and interest would be apt to generate and which could not fail in the end to increase the public expenditures and burdens requiring for their satisfaction enhanced taxation. The policy is similar to that which courts of law and equity have, from a high sense of duty, imposed upon all persons acting in the capacity of trustees. "INSTEAD OF BEING UNREASONABLY RESTRICTED BY CONSTRUCTION, IT SHOULD BE LIBERALLY APPLIED FOR THE PROMO-13 TION OF THE ENDS DESIGNATED TO BE ACCOMPLISHED BY ITS ENACTMENT." In McAdam vs the Mayor (36 Hun. 340) the plaintiff was the chief clerk of the Bureau of City Revenue in the Finance Department of the city of New York, was appointed by the Board of Education of that city an instructor in the High School, his duty being to lecture three evenings in each week of the school term. He sought to recover the sum of seventy dollars for services rendered in delivering a series of lectures on "THE DUTIES OF CITIZENSHIP IN NEW YORK CITY." Whether he discoursed too freely on the baneful results apparent from the neglect of such duties in our municipality does not appear in the report, but the city refused to pay, and the Court sustained it. The case holds, that the employment of the plaintiff was a violation of Sec. 59 of Chapter 410 or 1883, which is the same as the section under which we are proceeding (Sec. 1533). Judge Bench said in delivering the opinion of the General Term: "THE OBJECTION SEEMS TO BE FATAL TO THE PLAINTIFF'S CLAIM. HE IS A CLERK OF A BUREAU AND IS DIRECTLY INTERESTED IN THE WORK FOR WHICH HE SEEKS TO RECOVER, NAMELY, THE DELIVERY OF LECTURES IN THE EVENING HIGH SCHOOL. The case of Mullaly vs. the Mayor seems to be directly in point in principle." In Fitch vs. the Mayor (40 Hun. 512) the plaintiff held the position of examiner in lunacy of the Department of Charities and Corrections in which position he received a compensation of thirty-seven dollars and fifty cents a month. While he held that position he was appointed a sanitary inspector by the Health Department in the vaccinating corps, for which, if his appointment was valid, he was entitled to receive a compensation of $100 per month. It was held that while retaining this office in the Department of Charities and Corrections, the plaintiff was, under the provisions of Sec. 55 and 59 of Chapter 410 of 1883, ineligible to official employment as a sanitary inspector in the vaccinating corps of the Health Department, and was not entitled to receive the salary attached to the office. Judge Daniels in delivering the opinion of the General Term said: "This case is brought by its facts more directly and especially within those of McAdam vs. the Mayor (36 Hun. 340) and Mullaly vs. Mayor (3 id. 661). The case last decided is especially applicable to this controversy, and by the principle which is settled in the construction of this prohibitory provision of the charter, the plaintiff is excluded from the right to claim compensation for the services rendered by him as an inspector to the Health Department." In Roosevelt vs. Draper (23 N. Y. 318-329), which was an action to set aside a conveyance of real property to the City of New York on the ground that one Simeon Draper, a governor of the Almshouse of the City of New York, had been interested in the negotiations for the sale, Judge Denio, speaking for the Court of Appeals, said: "I am of the opinion that Mr. Draper, as a governor of the Almshouse, was forbidden by the City Charter to be concerned in such a purchase. *** Laws 1849, Sec.19. The Almshouse Department is a branch of the government, and MR. Draper is one of its chief officers. If there is any doubt of this, he is certainly an officer of the corporation. The Legislature saw fit to14 extend the prohibition to all the corporation officers, including, of course, the governors of the almshouse, and we cannot make an exception." It has also been held that a judge who is a stockholder cannot sit to try a case in which the corporation is a party. He is interested. Matter of Dodge Mfg. Co., 77 N. Y., 101, 107. Wash. Ins. Co. vs. Price, 1 Hop., Ch.1. I. Greenleaf on evidence, Sec 333, 14 Ed. WE CONCLUDE THAT THE OVERWHELMING WEIGHT OF AUTHORITY SUPPORTS THE CONTENTION OF THE PETITIONERS THAT THE MAYOR HAS VIOLATED THE SALUTARY PROVISIONS OF THE ACT, AND SHOULD BE REMOVED UPON THESE GROUNDS, IF NONE OTHER EXISTED. It was held in the case of the People vs. Shaler (52 Hun. 453), where General Shaler was removed from the office of the Health Commissioner for violating the statute which prohibited city officials from being interested in contracts for the sale of land to the city, upon charges that he was interested in certain lands sold to the city for armory purposes, THAT THE VIOLATION OF SUCH A LAW BY AN OFFICER OF THE CORPORATION IN BECOMING INTERESTED IN THE PURCHASE OF REAL ESTATE BY THE CITY CONSTITUTES SUFFICIENT CAUSE FOR HIS REMOVAL FROM OFFICE BY THE MAYOR, the Court refusing to review the matter upon certiorari. We add the opinions of two very eminent jurists, Judge Pryor and Judge Tracy, which (unlike the opinion of Judge Dillon) bear directly on the questions here involved and coincide, with the conclusions which we have reached above. OPINION OF JUDGE PRYOR. 45 Cedar Street, New York, June 7, 1900. That a stockholder in a corporation is interested in a contract of the corporation with the municipality of the city of New York I should suppose to be a self-evident proposition. For, obviously, he may lose or gain by the result of the contract. If the contract increase the profits of the corporation, it increases the dividend of the stockholder, and, conversely, if the contract diminish the profits of the corporation, it diminishes the dividend of the stockholder. Hence, under the common law rule that an interested person was incompetent to be a witness, it was elementary that a stockholder could not testify in an action to which the corporation was a party. 1 Greenleaf on Evidence, sec 333 (14th Ed.) So, "if a Judge is a stockholder of the corporation he cannot sit, because he is interested." Rapallo, J., in Matter of Dodge & Stevenson Mfg. Co., 77 N. Y. 101, 107 Washington Ins. Co. vs. Price, 1 Hopkins Ch. 1. 15 INTENTION IS TO PREVENT INTEREST IN CONTRACTS. The obvious policy of section 1533 of the New York charter is to prevent an officer of the municipality from being INTERESTED in a contract to which a corporation of which he is a member may be a party. It is the familiar principle, prevalent over all persons in a fiduciary relation, namely: That they shall not occupy a position exposing them to a conflict between interest and duty. The law does not inquire whether they have yielded to the pressure of sinister influence, but peremptorily forbids that they be subjected to the temptation involved in an antagonism between duty and interest. The language of the charter is that no officer of the municipality "shall be or become directly or indirectly interested in or in the performance of any contract the consideration of which is payable from the city treasury." STOCKHOLDING CITY OFFICER IS CULPABLE. I take it to be true, beyond all question, that a municipal officer, stockholder of a corporation which supplies the city with ice, is interested in the performance of a contract with the municipality for such supply, and that an officer so situated is within the condemnation of the statute. Again, as the charter forbids that an officer of the city shall lease its property to a corporation of which he is a stockholder, it follows that an officer making such lease is equally within the condemnation of the statute. Respectfully, ROGER A. PRYOR. OPINION OF JUDGE TRACY. I am asked the following question: Are the stockholders of a corporation having contracts with the city for the performance of labor or for the sale of any commodity the expense, price or consideration of which is payable from the city treasury, or for the purchase or lease of any real estate or other property belonging to the city, directly or indirectly interested in such contracts? This question presents simply the inquiry whether a stockholder is interested in the business of his corporation. The contract is a part of the business of the corporation, and, if the stockholder is interested in the business, it necessarily follows that he is interested in its contracts. The stockholders of a corporation are a company of persons who are joint proprietors of a common fund in various amounts. The contract of a corporation is, in effect, the contract of these owners made through their officers or agents, and the gain or loss which may result from its contracts will be the gain or loss of each shareholder accordingly to the extent of his interest in the fund. The corporation is the party to the contract in form; the stockholders are the parties in substance. They, and they alone, are interested in its gains or losses. THE SHAREHOLDERS ARE IN INTEREST While in contemplation of law a corporation is regarded as a legal 16 entity—as something apart from the natural persons who compose it—this is but an abstract idea an is a mere legal fiction introduced by the law for the convenience of management and control, but the only persons in interest are the individual shareholders. No person except a shareholder is interested in the property or business of a corporation, and the amount of each individual's interest is measured by the number of shares he holds. It has been held by the Court of Appeals in this State that a stockholder has an insurable interest in the assets of his corporation. It is well settled that a mere hope or expectation which may be frustrated by the happening of some event is not an insurable interest. The interest to be insured, therefore, must be a real interest. And while the corporation itself is the legal owner, the stockholder has a beneficial interest, against the destruction of which he may insure. The object of business corporations is to make profits through the exercise of the corporate franchises, and gains so made are distributable among the stockholders according to their respective interests; and upon the winding up of the corporation the assets, after the payment of debts, are divisible among the stockholders. It is this right to share in profit which constitutes the inducement to become stockholders. DIRECT INTEREST IN CONTRACTS FOR STOCKHOLDERS. The profits of a business corporation are made through its contracts, and it follows that every stockholder has not only an indirect but a direct interest in every contract made by the corporation of which he is part owner. A Judge is disqualified from presiding at a trial in an action in which a corporation is either plaintiff or defendant if he is a stockholder in such corporation; and this is put upon the express ground that, although not a party to the action, he is, by reason of his interest in the corporation, interested in the event of the action. So, at common law, where persons interested in the event of an action were excluded from being witnesses, a stockholder of a corporation which was a party to an action could not be a witness on behalf of the corporation because of his interest in the result of the action. Greenleaf, in his work on "Evidence," states the rule thus: The members or stockholders in institutions created for private emolument, though not parties to the record, are not, therefore, admissible as witnesses. For in matters in which the corporation is concerned they, of course, have a DIRECT, certain and vented INTEREST, which naturally excludes them. And in a foot note accompanying the statement of the rule it is said that— This rule extends to the members of all corporations having a common fund distributable among the members and in which they therefore have a private INTEREST, the principle of exclusion applying to all cases where their private interests would be affected.17 GEN. TRACY SURE OF THE SHAREHOLDERS RELATION. I cannot doubt, therefore, that a stockholder of a corporation having contracts with the city is one directly interested in the contract of the corporation and comes directly within the provisions of section 1533, which declares that— No member of the Municipal Assembly, head of department, chief of bureau, deputy thereof or clerk therein, or other officer of the corporation shall be or become directly or indirectly interested in or in the performance of any contract, work or business or the sale of any article the expense, price of consideration of which is payable from the city treasury, nor in the purchase or lease of any real estate or other property belonging to the corporation (the city). I therefore answer the first question in the affirmative. I am also asked the further question: Are such contracts made by a corporation which numbers among its stockholders a member of the Municipal Assembly, head of a department or other city officer at the time of making such contract voidable by the Comptroller under section 1533? COMPTROLLER CAN ANNUL THE CONTRACTS. AS TO THIS QUESTION, I HAVE NO DOUBT OF THE POWER OF THE COMPTROLLER TO ANNUL A CONTRACT THAT HAS BEEN MADE WITH THE CITY BY A CORPORATION IN WHICH CITY OFFICERS ARE STOCKHOLDERS. WHETHER HE SHALL DO THIS IS A MATTER RESTING IN HIS SOUND DISCRETION. WHETHER HE WILL AVOID IT OR NOT IS A QUESTION WHICH HE MUST DETERMINE UPON ALL THE FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE. The contract is not void ab initio, but he has the option to void it if he believes that the interests of the city require it. This imposes no hardship upon the corporation making the contract. It knows its own stockholders, and it is presumed to know the officers of the city with which it contracts. If, knowing that city officers are among its stockholders, it chooses to enter into a contract with the city, it does it with full knowledge that it is within the power of the Comptroller to void it, a power which he may and probably will exercise if he believes that contract to be improvident and extravagant on the part of the city, and one which he will be likely to affirm and enforce if it is a contract not prejudicial to the city's interest. CITY OFFICER HOLDING STOCK IS GUILTY. And, finally, I am asked if a member of the Municipal Assembly or head of department or other officer of the city government purchases stock of such company, knowing that it has such contracts with the city, is he guilty of a misdemeanor under that section? This question I answer in the affirmative. We have already shown, in answer to the first question, that a stockholder has a direct interest in the contracts of his corporation. It follows, therefore, that the city officer who acquires the stock of a corporation, knowing that such corporation has such contracts with the city, commits the act prohibited by the statue, and is guilty of a misdemeanor. B. F. TRACY.18 CHARGES I., (MAINTENANCE OF A MONOPOLY, &C.) It is to be noted that this respondent is not charged merely as a "public man" with a violation of public law, but as an OFFICIAL—the Chief Magistrate of a great city is charged expressly with the duty of enforcing the laws of the State within his municipality (Charter, section 115), when the public good requires it, as it would seem. It is the official character of the offense that gives the Governor of the State jurisdiction. So important did the lawmakers deem it that a Mayor, District-Attorney, Sheriff or other high functionary should not while in office be engaged in violating the laws that they made his trial for such an offens a high executive function, that a summary remedy might be provided and the public service might not be made to suffer through the more hardy process of the courts. Even a summary power of suspension before trial is given to the Governor in this case. It is essentially a public matter. The Mayor does not deny that a monopoly known as the American Ice Company existed in New York at the times alleged and that it created an ice famine in this city in the early summer of 1900, and raised the price of ice from 30 to 60 cents a hundred, to the great distress of the poor, and that he shared in its ill-gotten gains. He merely says he did not know about it, and was not responsible for its existence. Although he has to admit that he made a tour of inspection of its ice-houses in Maine last May with Mr. Morne, its President, from whom he got his stock, in company with Stockholder Carroll, the sub-leader of the Tammany Hall, and that HE SHARED IN THE PROFITS WHICH THE MONOPOLY MADE and WAS A MEMBER OF THE COMPANY. We are aware that a suit is now in progress in the courts designed to annul the certificate of the American Ice Company to do business in this State, on the ground that it is violating the anti-monopoly law of 1899, chapter 690, and we assumed that in that suit, to deprive the corporation of the right which it has from the State to do business in the State, that a TECHNICAL rather than a "moral" case will have to be made against it. But it would be a mistake to suppose that in the proceeding now before Your Excellency for the removal of Mayor Van Wyck you will be called upon to determine this question in advance of the courts, which you might be reluctant to do. You certainly have no jurisdiction in this proceeding to try the question whether the American Ice Company's charter should be annulled, and you are not expected or called upon to determine with the technical exactness necessary to a judgement decreeing a forfeiture of a corporate franchise that the American Ice Company did constitute a monopoly for this purpose. The question presents itself to Your Excellency in this proceeding in a different aspect, and you are only called upon to determine whether Mayor Van Wyck entered into any "arrangement or combination" whereby it was ATTEMPTED to restrain or prevent competition in the supply or price of ice in the city of New York, or if he was a party to an arrangement or combination which did; ice being a commodity of common use. This is a question of FACT primarily. We may ignore the corporation and go directly to the Mayor and ascertain at once if through any instrumentality, corporate or otherwise, he was lending his aid, money or name, or was a part19 of any "COMBINATION or ARRANGEMENT" to restrict or prevent the supply or price of any article or commodity in common use: If he was, then he, as chief executive of the city, was engaged in violating the laws, the violation of which it was his duty (under section 115 of the charter) to prevent, and he has justly incurred the penalty of removal. But we are not limited to the law of chapter 690 of the laws of 1899 in determining the illegality of the Mayor's acts. Monopolies are illegal by the law of the land, and courts as well as parliaments have pronounced against them since the days of Lord Coke, who, in deciding in the case of Darcy vs. Allen (8 Coke, 846 —, decided about 1602), that grants by the king in restraint of trade were illegal, said: "Monopolies are grown up like hydras' heads; they grow up as fast as they are cut off. The monopolist who engrosseth to himself what should be free to all men is as bad as the depopulator who turns all out of doors and keeps none but the shepherd and his dog." In the State vs. Standard Oil Co. (49 Ohio St. 137): "Monopolies have always been regarded as contrary to the spirit and policy of the common law." In Arnot vs. Coal Co., 68 N. Y. 558, it was held that the agreement in question was for the purpose of enhancing the price of coal and was therefore against public policy and void. Rapallo, J., said: "That a combination to effect such a purpose IS INIMICAL TO THE INTEREST OF THE PUBLIC, and that all contracts designed to effect such an end are contrary to public policy and therefore illegal, is too well settled by adjudicated cases to be questioned at this day." Cited with approval in PEOPLE VS. MILK EXCHANGE (145 N. Y. 263). As to the illegal character of such combinations at common law see: People vs. Milk Exchange, 145 N. Y., 267 People vs. North River Sugar Ref. Co., 121 N. Y., 582. People vs. Sheldon, 129 N. Y., 251. Judd vs Harrington, 139 N. Y., 105. We anticipate little trouble in proving the facts necessary to establish to Your Excellency's satisfaction, should they be considered denied, that the association of individuals known as the American Ice Company, of which Mayor Van Wyck was a member, and to which he says he contributed his money and name, by certain operations which it carried on in the city of New York, obtained and still retains control of all or nearly all the numerous ice companies which formerly did business in the city of New York, and that it limited the supply of ice to the inhabitants of this city and fixed the price at which ice was sold by such companies in New York, raising it from 30 to 60 cents per hundred pounds, and that such increase in price netted large dividends to the said individuals constituting the said combination who were stockholders of said company, including Robert A. Van Wyck, and resulted in great hardship and suffering to the poor people of New York. We shall prove these notorious facts if required to by the officers, directions, promoters and organisers of the American Ice Company and its constituent companies, by the charters, contracts, reports and other statements of said companies, as well as by the testimony of persons engaged20 in the ice business in said city and on the North River, and citizens of New York. The fact that the mayor invested his money, as he says, in this combination, that he was a member of it, and SHARED IN ITS PROFITS, makes him unalterably a part of it. He cannot hide himself behind the fiction of a corporate entity. In the North River Sugar Ref. Co. case (121 N. Y., 583) the corporation endeavored to escape the death penalty of dissolution by claiming that the unlawful acts charged against it were in reality done by its stockholders. Judge Finch disposes of this sophistry in a most effectual manner. He says (p. 619): "And yet it is argued that the corporation, the legal entity, has done nothing; that Searles was guilty, but the corporate robe that enveloped him was innocent, and so he must be left to wear it undisturbed; that while all that was human and could act had sinned, yet the impalpable entity had not acted at all and must go free. • • • • The abstract idea of a corporation, the legal entity, the impalpable and intangible creation of human thought, is itself a fiction, and has been appropriately described as a figure of speech. It serves very well to designate in our minds the collective action and agency of many individuals as permitted by law, and the substantial inquiry always is what in a given case has been the collective action and agency. As between the corporation and those with whom it deals, the manner of its exercise is usually material, but as between it and the State the substantial inquiry is only what that collective agency has done • • • what has been its conduct." It will be observed that in the present proceeding the attempt is to employ the corporate fiction inversely to the attempt in the Sugar Co. case; there the INDIVIDUAL stockholder's action was interposed to shield the corporation; here the corporate action is held up to shield the stockholder from the State. But the law is well settled now that the fiction of a corporate entity separate from its stockholders cannot be employed to shield those who compose it from responsibility to the State for acts of the body which they constitute. State vs Standard Oil Co., 49 Ohio St., 137. In Ford vs. Chicago Milk Dealers' Ass'n. (155 Ill., 166), the Court said: "The corporation as an entity may not be able to create a trust or combination with itself, BUT ITS INDIVIDUAL STOCKHOLDERS MAY, IN CONTROLLING IT, TOGETHER WITH IT, CREATE SUCH TRUST OR COMBINATION THAT WILL CONSTITUTE IT, WITH THEM, ALIKE GUILTY." As to the monopoly of the docks and the unfair and interested and unlawful action of the Dock Board, that was one of the means by which the American Ice Company sought through official favor to create the monopoly. It may or may not be important to prove this as showing the plan; we do not consider it essential. We shall prove it if called upon to do so by the leases on file in the department and by the testimony of experts and persons engaged in the ice business. The Governor of the State has plenary jurisdiction in cases like the present.21 ent. The fact that no Mayor of New York has ever before so conducted himself in the office that public safety required his removal will not, we are sure, deter Your Excellency from action when a proper case arises. The American Ice Company has been the instrument of this wrong against the public, and it would be a travesty upon justice indeed if we were obliged to await the tedious and uncertain operation of its extinction by the courts before the guilty public officials who are part of it and share in its profits could be called to account before the Governor in the manner privided by the Constitution and the statues of the State. This jurisdiction was intended to be exercised upon broad principles and for the public welfare. It is an attribute of kingly power transmitted to the executive in the appointment of powers under the Constitution and to the three great departments of government—legislative, judicial and executive—and its exercise, when the jurisdiction is properly acquired, is not subject to review by the courts. People vs. Broderick & Morton, 156 N. Y. 136. There are three separate and distinct charges in the memorial. Each may stand alone, although they are intimately related and connected, and are all equally grave in the eyes of the law. The circumstances under which the official violated section 1533 of the charter are material in determining the degree of turpitude involved in his act, which the Attorney-General thinks is important. We should say that they were more important as showing the amount of public injury likely to result. However, set up in the memorial, these acts constitute one transaction or series of transactions. The facts alleged in charge I. are incorporated with charges II. and III. as matters in aggravation. IF ANY REASON EXISTED FOR ORDERING THE TRIAL OF THE CHARGE BEFORE THE MAYOR'S ANSWER WAS FILED, THOSE REASONS STILL APPLY WITH GREATER FORCE SINCE THE SERVICE OF SUCH ANSWER. We do not understand that the Attorney-General's opinion rendered to Your Excellency on Oct. 4 is intended to be conclusive; it appears to have been informal and dictated, and as I read it with care it seems to me hardly more than a recommendation to Your Excellency to proceed with caution in the situation in which the proceeding was at that time. We hope still to have his concurrence in the views above expressed. Respectfully submitted, J. NOBLE HAYES, Of Counsel for Petitioners [*5374*][Eve in Peckbarn 11-19-00]Form No. 1. THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. [*PF*] INCORPORATED 21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA. CABLE SERVICE TO ALL THE WORLD The company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions, limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following message. Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Messages, beyond the amount of tolls paid thereon, nor in any case where the claim is nor presented in writing within sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission. This is an UNREPEATED MESSAGE and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. THOS. T. ECKERT, President and General Manager. [*4 45 P*] NUMBER SENT BY REC’D BY CHECK 4 PH K 11 & Paid RECEIVED at Nov. 19, 1900 Dated Ca Albany Nov. 19 To Hon Theo Roosevelt Oyster Bay NY In getting letters of Western trip D. found Missing telegram as follows! "Date Oct 3rd Newburgh NY To Hon Theo Roosevelt care Republican Committee Deadwood Form No. 1. THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. INCORPORATED 21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA. CABLE SERVICE TO ALL THE WORLD The company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions, limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following message. Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Messages, beyond the amount of tolls paid thereon, nor in any case where the claim is nor presented in writing within sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission. This is an UNREPEATED MESSAGE and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. THOS. T. ECKERT, President and General Manager. NUMBER SENT BY REC’D BY CHECK H [*2*] RECEIVED South Dakota & Han 190 Dated, talked with Attorney To: General and any action by you now would be unwise. You can better afford to delay than to do anything or give over any interview until your return on twentieth This is important and ImperativeForm No. 1. THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. INCORPORATED 21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA. CABLE SERVICE TO ALL THE WORLD. This Company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following message. Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Messages, beyond the amount of tolls paid thereon, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission. This is an UNREPEATED MESSAGE, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. THOS. T. ECKERT, President and General Manager. NUMBER SENT BY REC'D BY CHECK {?} 3 RECEIVED at Wire Answer [Neuburgh] Dated Signed BB Odell Jr To In new world centennial publication of [fake] telegram thought I would send above for such use as you desire to make of it. Everything in Department quite tell Mrs Roosevelt I have written and wired about Form No. 1. THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. INCORPORATED 21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA. CABLE SERVICE TO ALL THE WORLD. This Company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following message. Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Messages, beyond the amount of tolls paid thereon, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission. This is an UNREPEATED MESSAGE, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. THOS. T. ECKERT, President and General Manager. NUMBER [?] SENT BY REC'D BY CHECK {? possibly initials} {? unknown mark} RECEIVED at 1/19 1900 Dated __________ To _______________ Sewanhaka tickets but can get no reply Wm Loeb Jr 5379[11-19-00] 19 Nov 1900 [* Executive Chamber, Answered, Nov 21, 1900 *] Dear Governor Roosevelt Kindly telegraph me to Philadelphia if it will be agreeable to give me 5 minutes when you are next in New York & when & where Yours truly Jim Wanamaker To the Vice President 12.15 [* 5380 *] [* shorthand *] Nov 20/1900 Union Club, Fifth Avenue & 21st Street. [* Executive Chamber, Answered, Nov 21, 1900 *] My dear Colonel, I don't want to say anthing to you on any military subject. But if at some time you care to let me show you [*5381*]EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, Nov. 21, 1900 Dear Governor Roosevelt Kindly telegraph me to Philadelphia if it will be agreeable to give me 5 minutes when you are next in New York & when & where Yours truly Jim Wanamaker To the Vice President. 12.15 5380 Nov 20/1900. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, 21, 1900 FIled by ________________ Union Club, Fifth Avenue & 21st Street. My dear Colonel, I don't want to say anything to you on any military subject. But if at some time you care to let me show you 5381 [*shorthand*] next pageall real America gave you. Remember we most kindly to Mrs. Roosevelt & believe me Yours very friendly McCoskry [?] the saddest thing that has happened to the Guard of this state I am completely at your disposal. I trust you have completely recovered from the fatigues of the campaign & you are satisfied with the vote that 5383[second page] Nov 29 1900 My dear Governor, When you are passing through our city may I have the privilege of intruding on you for a few moments to present my son Lieutenant Martin L. Simmons who was with your Regiment in San Antonio and Tampa. While in the Philippines he was dangerously ill with tropical dysentery 5383I am pleased to advise you that he is now in excellent health. He is interested in Army work in the Philippines and is anxious to return. He leaves the City on December 1st for San Francisco. With sincere regards. Very faithfully yours [J???] Simmons To His Excellency Theodore Roosevelt Governer of [?] the State of New York Albany NYStamped Executive Chamber, Answered Nov 23 1900 Wm. Dudley Faulke, Richmond, Ind. Richmond, Ind. Nov. 20, 1900 Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York. My dear Mr. Roosevelt: I want to talk to the President in regard to what I think will be a formidable attack upon the civil service system in the coming Congress. I believe an effort will be made to establish fixed terms of office for civil service employes, and that it will have strong support. I have met the President on two occasions but do not suppose he remembers me, and I would be much obliged to you if you would send me a letter of introduction. I want to be differentiated from the great bulk of the members of our League who have been antagon izing the Administration during the past campaign. In as much as I have been engaged for nearly two months and a half, almost every day, in speaking for Republicans in all parts of the country from Maine to Louisiana, I feel that I am entitled to a considerate hearing upon this subject. With kindest regards to Mrs. Roosevelt, I remains as ever, Your friend, W. D. Faulke [Shorthand] 5385 [[shorthand]] M.A. HANNA, Ohio Chairman Perry S. Heath, Indiana, Secretary Cornelius N. Bliss, New York, Treasurer Volney W. Foster, Illinois, Ass't Treasurer Edwin P. Brown, Illinois, Sub-Treasurer Geo. N. Wiswell, Wisconsin, Sergeant at Arms Republican National Committee Western Headquarters Executive Committee Chicago Henry C. Payne of Wisconsin Vice Chairman Perry S. Heath of Indiana Secretary Richard C. Kerens of Missouri Graeme Stewart of Illinois Henry S. New of Indiana Executive Committee New York Joseph H. Manley of Maine N.B. Scott of West Virginia Fred S. Gibbs of New York Franklin Murphy of New Jersey Cornelius N. Bliss of New York Cleveland, Ohio Nov. 20th, 1900 EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, Nov 22 ... Filed by ______________ Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N. Y. My Dear Governor: I have just received your letter of the 16th inst. in reference to the case of Mr. Wm. A. E. Moore. The father of this young man was connected with me in the vessel business for a number of years, and I felt that I could do no less for him than to make the request which I did of you. I am perfevtly willing, however, to be guided by your judgment in the matter and your report is satisfactory to me. Truly yours, M.A. Hanna 5386[EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, Answered Nov 29 1900] ST GEORGE'S RECTORY. 209 East 16th St New York, November 20, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N. Y. My dear Governor: It would be impossible for me to give you the name of the man whom we found killing a cow-elk (or rather, it was his nephew who was with him who killed him, as I said in my letter.) It would be impossible, I say, to do this, without giving away my men, and you will understand that in a country such as that Blackfoot reservation is, it is a pretty dangerous thing to start feuds. For one to inform on his neighbor - except he held an official position compelling him to do so - would be likely to draw dire vengeance on his head. My impression is that the appropriation may be very in- sufficient out there, but there are other difficulties as well. I believe the men appointed are very poor, many of them, and quite incapable of doing intelligently their work; and believe me, I have grounds for saying this. I think, from what I gathered after a long conversation with Pinchot, that he thinks so too. 5387T.R.#2 ST GEORGE'S RECTORY, 209 East 16th St Make any other use you see fit of my letter, only don't get my men into trouble. Always sincerely yours, N. J. Ramsford 5388Stamped Executive Chamber Answered Nov 22 1900 209 Bay State Road Boston, Mass. Nov. 20th 1900- My dear Teddy, I have neither written or wired you during the last campaign, because I knew you were very busy and had more letters & telegrams to answer than any one man could attend to, but now that the row is all over I want to tell you that I have watched all you have done-and it has been a lot. With much interest and have felt sure that you would do what you had to do as well as you did the work that came to you 24 years ago when we were all kids together at Harvard. Do you know now that these many years have gone by - it makes me laugh to think that 24 years ago this month you - the Vice Pres't of the Greatest People on Earth - held my coat and half a lemon the day we played the Yale Freshmen on the old Boston Grounds. I can see you now running up and down the line ready to put the old ulster on me when time was called - for anyone hurt - and I can remember our running home together after the game so I could dig the ground out of my face and get back to Parkers for the drinks. I was out at the old club - the only club - 5369209 Bay State Road Boston, Mass. this afternoon for a few minutes and if you knew how the kids felt about you - you would be pleased. I was going to say proud - but - well we were all kids together and feel a bit different from those we have met in late years. This letter is only to tell you how glad I am that you have done well - I knew you would - whatever you went at - and that the "old gang" Minot - Hary Chapin - Harry Shaw and I. I have rejoiced in your works & what is best "your deeds" - these many years. I tried to go to Cuba with you but as I had just come from a hospital after Typhoid - the Dr. said "go & stay there" I had to quit & never wrote you. You had troubles eno' then without listening to explanations. Give my best to Mrs. R. and all the kids. The picture of the "the bunch" is right in front of me this minute and has been [been] ever since I received them. I really hope to see you soon and tell you a whole lot of things. Yours as ever John S. Tebbets 5390[*Shorthand*]Seal of NY State of New York Executive Chamber Albany November 20 1900 Dr. H. H. Haas, Abindgon, Va. Dear Sir: I am directed by the Governor to acknowledge the re- ceipt of your letter of November 16th and to thank you for writing. [handwritten note] This encouraged me to write again in Jan. 1901 H.H.H. Very truly yours, [ ] J. Youngs Secretary to the Governor. [Shorthand] Stamped Executive Chamber Answered, Nov 23 1900 AVERY C. ANDREWS, COUNSELLOR AT LAW, 11 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. November 21, 1900. Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, New York. My dear Governor: On October 20, I was so certain that your election was as- sured that I joined a yachting party for a prolonged cruise in the West Indiesand South America, and have only today returned to New York. Congratulations at this late date may be somewhat out of order, and yet I cannot permit your latest and most overwhelming political triumph to pass without at least a word of most cordial and heartfelt congratulations. There is but one further step in your political career, and as you know I have for a long time been a firm believer that this has been, and is now more than ever, within your grasp. I was in the midst ofa Venezuelan wilderness, about 80 miles up the San Juan River which flows into the Gulf of Paris on Election Day, and did not hear of the result until several days later. It must be gratifying to think that you personally were so instru- mental in bringing about the result which was so greatly desired. With my best compliments to Mrs Roosevelt, believe me Yours very sincerely, Avery D. Andrews 5392[*11-21-00*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, NOV 22 1900 Filed by...*] The Commercial Advertiser. ESTABLISHED 1797. 29 PARK ROW, NEW YORK. EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT. NEW YORK. 2 Nov. Dear Governor - You will see by tonight's paper, which you told me you have regularly now, what I think of the Odell telegram episode. You have shut 'em up finally on that, or if not, nothing they say will count. I was told you had, as Vice President, some Naval Academy appointments and it was those I had in mind when I wrote. It was greatly against my inclinations that I made the request, as I am sure you know. I have told the young man's friends what you say and hope soon to know who his Congressman is and how he stands toward him; but if you are not able to help him I am afraid his prospects are poor. Of course I know you will do all you can. Yours always J.B. Bishop [*5393*][[shorthand]]ALFORD WARRINER COOLEY, ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW Telephone, No. 3. B. Westchester EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED, Nov. 28, 1900 Filed by ____________ Westchester, New York City, Nov. 21, 1900 Hon. Theodore Roosevelt Executive Chamber, Albany, N.Y. My dear Governor:- I have been asked by some of my friends in the Borough of the Bronx to try and get you to come to a commercial dinner to be held at the Fifth Ave. Hotel on the 30th of November. I understand that they have already written to you in regard to the matter and they merely want me to urge you to come, if possible. I can only say, that I should be very much gratified if you could find the time to go to this dinner and meet some of the representative men from my section of the City. I had hoped to get up to Albany last week while you were still there, but business prevented my getting away. I want very much to see you some time in the near future and have a talk with you over the proposed State Constabulary Bill. Don't you think that it would be a great mistake to pass any such measure just before the Municipal Campaign? I have talked to a large number of Republicans and I find very few, even of the strict organization men, who favor it. Perhaps if you are going to be in New York some time in the near future, I could see you and have a talk with you then. With best wishes, I am, as always, Faithfully yours, Alford Warriner CooleyAlexander Lambert, M.D. 125 East 36th St, New York Until 9.30 A.M. 1 to 2 P.M. TELEPHONE 899 MADISON [*"Executive Chamber, Answered, NOV 22 1900 Filed by...*] Nov 21, 1900 Dear Theodore I was much disappointed not to have you go down to Princeton with me last Saturday. The game was only exciting for the first ten minutes while wear was fumbling but after that it was interesting to watch a perfect machine. I hope you are going up to New Haven on Saturday as that will be one of the best causes in years. I think it about an even thing between two first class elevens about as even as one can hope before hand. If you come through New York before Saturday I wish you would wire me [*5395*]where I can meet you. I must see you very soon about the Urise matter. You see he is up for appointment & I believe his tenure is considered to expire Dec 31st. It will be a dauity to have him in his position for the next six years. Let me know how soon I can see you. John McHenry will go to New Haven with me to see the game. I meant to congratulate you on your you by the election letter if was the patteth thing that has occurred here for many years. Faithfully yours Teepaudee Lawbach [Shorthand]445 Form No. 1512 The Western Union Telegraph Co., SPECIAL No. CNY192TP CO Paid NP Sheet Letter Dated New York Nov 21 1900 To Hon Theodore Roosevelt , Governor of New York, Albany, N.Y. In the matter of the removal of Robert A Van Wyck from the office of mayor of New York supplemental statement : since filing the petitioners statement yesterday the appellate division of the supreme court h as handed down its decision in the initiatory proceedings brought by the attorney general to annul the certificate of the American Ice Company to do business in this state which seems to entirely remove any possible embarrassment which the executive might have labored under in not wishing to prejudgee in this proceeding any question which might be before the courts for adjudication in that proceeding , respecting the unlawful character of the combination known as the American Ice Co .The prevailing opinion of Judge Kellogg makes it quite clear that only a question of procedure under the statute of 1899 , chapter 690, is involved in the attorney generals proceeding and that so far as the merits of the real controversy is concerned ,the court holds that it appears that the American Ice Co is an unlawful monopoly which may be proceeded against criminally and that in determining whether it is such an unlawful monopoly for the purposes of this statute it is not necessary to establish a technical monopoly which will forfeit its chapter , but only,that a "practical monopoly" exists which is precisely the argument presented in petitioners statement Time 5396Form No. 1812 The Western Union Telegraph Co., SPECIAL. 2 No. Sheet Letter Dated To heretofore filed.We append this portion of Judge Kelloggs opinion " Thepapers in the case go to show that there was created in the american company an ownership or practical monopoly in the disposal of this article of common use in the New York market and as a result of which ownership and power of disp[sal?] flowing directly from the power to own the stock of other corporation s the price of this article has been increased and the consumers have been made to pay what ever the owner has found it profitable to ask .And I think it may be conceded for the purpose of disposing of this appeal and the real question which lies at the threshold that the consummated agreements stated in the petittion are repugnant to the provisions of the law of 1894 touching contracts created or tending to create monopolies in article of common use .The question here relates to the remedy If the AmericanIce Company or any other person or corporation has unlawfully offended against these provisions the offence is criminal and the law provides a penaly and so the act declares, with that we have nothing to do " .Atrial of all the issues should be ordered .Dated November 21 ,1900. respectfully submitted. Time 5397Form No. 1512. The Western Union Telegraph Co. SPECIAL. No. Sheet Letter Dated To Wheeler .H.Peckham J.Noble.Hayes of counsel for petitioners . Time 5398 701Ref. to Tracy opinionThe S.S. McClure Company Publishers New York and London EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, Nov 22 1922 Nov. 21, 1900 Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, L. I., N. Y. Dear Sir, We were very sorry to get your note of November 19, stating that you could not write the article about Mr. Riis. We regard the article as a contribution to the work that Mr. Riis is most interested in, and we have assumed, as you evidently have, that he would at least be complaisant to the idea. We would regard an article of the personal sort as more important and more convincing and helpful to our readers than a more general article could possibly be. The substitute plan that you suggest is certainly interesting, but it does not seem quite to take the place of the other, and for the moment we would a little rather let the matter go, and try to devise something that would be more appropriate for our magazine-- something that both you as a writer and we as editors would regard as [slials?] and important. When a topic does occur to us we trust that you will permit us to submit it to you. Again expressing our regret that the article upon which we had set our hearts which you had kindly consented to write, cannot be realized. we are Faithfully yours, John S Phillips Vice President The S. S. Mc Clure Co. 5399 [short hand]THE Youth's Companion 55 East 76 St New York 21.11.1900 Dear Governor Roosevelt I do not mean to say that we have any kind of a lien on your [lit?y] worth, but you will not be offended I hope if I remind you that in [?] in a caveat some months ago for a little article on the usefulness [?] Pray forgive me if I am importune, as I fear I am, but if you do find time for any little article you will, I trust, direct it towards us. I am, dear Governor, Yours, faithfully William H. Riding To Governor Theodore Roosevelt school of diplomacy, and the necessity of some special methods of training capable young men for the consular and diplomatic service. I cannot expect you to remember it, but I suggested that the British system of so-called " student interpreters" in China had value for reference and example. [*5401*]1212 Manila, Received November 21, 1900. 3.50 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Transport LNNLANAW arrived yesterday. All animals lost typhoon. MacArthur. Manila, Received November 21, 1900. 4.40 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. With reference to your telegram of 16th, ship immediately in addition to all previous orders 750 mules, 125 escort wagons. No more animals required for four months; this severs transport LNNLANAW'S less 257. MacArthur. Adjutant General's Office Washington, November 21, 1900. MacArthur, Manila. With reference to your telegram of August 15th, reporting Captain William L.Murphy killed Tuesday, which was August 14th, report has been received since giving August 13th. Suggest reports deaths give specific dates. Corbin. Adjutant General's Office, Washington, November 21, 1900. MacArthur, Manila. What is the present state of Sergeant Kitchen, Company F, 44th Infantry, U.S. Volunteers. With reference to your telegram of 21st, no objection distribute Annual Report. Corbin. 5402[Enc in Martinez, 12-17-00] Mr. Henry H. 940 Wall Str. SD Hugh Kelly Georgetown University Washington D. C. Nov. 22, 1900 Mr. W. E. Mauticy My dear friend: In replay to your very kind letter of the 12th inst I would beg to say that I am very glad that you are willing to offer your service and cooperation for the welfare of a country which is in the greatest need of good and broad minded men. A son of Judge Taft applied to Rev. N. Campbell. at 30 W. 16 St. New York to have some names suggested to be approves Judges in the Philippines. But here is an essential to be lawyer and Pontios. I think you could do great deal of good in the Philippines as a governor of some province or Islands where civil administration will be established. S403I expect to sail from San Franciso about the end of December next. Very Sincerely yours Jose Agui (??)EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED, NOV 24 1900 Rectory 460 Madison Avenue The Cathedral New York, Nov 22 - 1900 Governor Theodore Roosevelt My Dear Governor, You can not appreciate how pleased I am, as your time, manly and broad spirit - of course . I gain nothing personally. From the actions of the U.S. Government and the amelioration of church property, in Cuba -- but withal, I rejoice in finding sincerity and strength of character, manifested by you, in all the Cuban affairs -- I hate selfishness and [?]. The world would be a Heaven if they were absent. I hope to have a long conversation with Abp. [?Cornjan], today and I will take pleasure intelling him of your deep interest. If my duties have, and also, those of Superintendent of Schools, permit, I will go to Cuba, right after Xmas. Sometime in the near future, I will forward a few practical suggestions, withing the domain, of Chaplain of N.J.N.Y.S, and also an outline of the building for history [?relics] of the Army and Navy. I am deeply thankful to you, for your interest, and will [?imibe?] Bp. {?Starietti], of your constant faithfulness. I trust you are keeping strong routine. Very sincerely [?WYB DALY]2 letters of congratulation have a petition of some cost attached. I am sorry that mine cannot be an exception. I am forwarding this Channel my application for a Commission in the Cavalry branch of the Regular Service. I am not presuming when I say that my military indorsements will be all right, and I would be very much pleased if you could put in a word for me [* 5407 *] Palo Leyte P. I. Nov. 22, 1900 Dear Colonel, Allow me to congratulate you on your election and the overwhelming manner in which it was effected. You will never know how anxiously we waited for the news over here. Not that the fighting makes much difference one way or another but the position of these natives who have aided and befriended us was where we felt anxiety. I suppose most of your [* 5406 *]4 Asking favors is something very foreign to my nature and believe me, I would never trouble you to this extent for my personal benefit or pleasure. Please give my kindest regards to your wife and family. Yours very truly Gordon Johnston [* 5409 *] 3 This is no impulsive move of mine for I have considered it fully and the cold facts are that I love the profession and my family need the assistance I can afford from a certain income right now. I am supporting one sister in College and have the larger share of anothers expense at school. It would hurt me very much for them to be forced to drop out while I worked my way to a sufficient amount to continue them in their courses. [* 5408 *]EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, [??] 23 1900 Filed by JACOB A. RiiS, 301 MULBERRY STREET, will you write, if you answer this, to Richmond Hill I shall not be at office. NEW YORK, Nov. 22 1900 My dear Governor. Shall I always be asking you for something? Good for you you are going away out of my reach soon. Do you recall a baker by the name of Ackerman, in Third [???], who was the head of a charity Committee over here and an [???] of Mayor Strong, when you were President of the Police Board? He was a good fellow, is now, clear as water, big, stout- you must remember him. You introduced him to me: Just now he was in the office with a note from his rector, which I enclose & he is now very poor, lost all in [????], and has dependent upon him his old parents and 5410some brothers and sisters. He tells me that he was promised a position in Appraiser Wakeman's office, if he got the endorsement of his local party managers. He did get the hearty endorsement of Congressman Storm and - I think he said Judge - Ingraham but the "Judge" may have been "John", only to find out the position was gone the night before. So he was told. The poor fellow has been chasing around for months and is on his very last leg. He is a big good-natured innocent sort whom politicians easily get the best of. But it is a great pity. Can you and will you smooth the his way to Wakeman and work? I would not ask, if I did not think it was reallyJacob A Riis 301 Mulberry Street 3 New York_______________________ a good and Christian thing to do. You know you always make me a Christmas present. Last year it was Hannigan's pardon . Will you do this for me this year? It is the last time. I am going out west lecturing and may be I will stop off going or coming back to see you and take a last look at Albany. I shall not go back there when you are gone . Please give my loyal love to your whole house . I wrote to Mrs Roosevelt about you the other day . I hope that by no possible mischance either of you has taken one ill what I wrote . It can not be , for it was well meant, as ever from your friend Jacob A RiisAll shorthandcomfortable than to have you go to a hotel. Please dont hesitate to accept as it will give me great pleasure to make your visit enjoyable. Hoping to have a satisfactory reply I am Yours sincerely Edw. T [S???sbury] To Hon Theodore Roosevelt [*5413*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, NOV 23 1900 Filed by...*] 1925 WALNUT STREET Philadelphia, Penna November 22 / 1900 My Dear Governor I have sent you an invitation to the reception I am giving at my house to President Mc Kinley on Saturday November 24th at 4:30P.M. prior to his going to the Union League to dine & I will be glad to see you at my house & want to extend an invitation to you to be my guest while you are in Philadelphia as I feel I can make you more [*5412*]Shorthand[? ] Dapitan Min. P.I. Nov 23, 1900. Col. Theodore Roosevelt. Oyster Bay. N.Y. Dear Colonel: I am just in receipt of the news (through a Manila paper) of your almost unanimous election to the Vice- Presidency. Please accept my heartiest congratulations on your great victory. As a result of the election, peace will come very shortly over here now that the natives know beyond a doubt that our government is not a quitter. All that has kept the insurrection going in the past year, was the thought that the United States would step down and out and give [*5414*]the Tagalos a chance to run riot with this government and every thing else. My father and mother wrote me that they saw you for the first time, at Lawrence, Kansas during the first half of July, but were unable to speak to, or shake hands with you on account of the immense crowd that surrounded your car. Mindanao is one of the finest islands in the Philippines and with its natural resources, and the push and vim of americans will certainly go forward in great strides. I like the army very much and cannot half express my gratitude to you for your kindness in getting me my commission. I have tried hard to prove myself worthy of the trust placed in me Trusting that from years hence I will have the pleasure of helping elect you to the supreme office in the 'gift of the people. I am, Very respectfully yours. Fred [???] 2nd St 40 [?] Inf Vols Manila, P.I. 5415COPY: Boston, Nov. 23, 1900. Mr. Geo. A. Draper Hopedale, Mass. Dear Mr. Draper: I have a letter from the superintendent of the Mechanics Building giving as open dates for March Monday 18th-25th Tuesday 19th-26th Wednesday 20th-27th Thursday 21st-28th Friday 22nd-29th Saturday 23rd-30th While of course it is impossible to know at this time what else may be going on in Boston which might in a measure conflict with our entertainment on either of these evenings, yet I think ours is of sufficient importance and prominence to be fixed irrespective of others, and when the announcement is made, other people will steer clear of that date as far as they think they might be dependent upon any who would naturally attend our dinner. Therefore, had you not better correspond with Governor Roosevelt, giving him a choice of these dates? My own opinion is that Tuesday, the 19th, is about the right time. But probably any of these dates will be fairly convenient. Yours truly, (signed) Albert Clarke, Secy. 5416Enc in [??] Draper 12-24-00State of New York, Attorney General's Office, Albany, November 23d, 1900. TO THE HONORABLE, THE GOVERNOR. Sir:- I have the honor to say that pursuant to your verbal request, I have carefully examined the briefs submitted to you by counsel for the petitioners in the matter of the application to remove from office the Mayor of New York City. I am unable to find anything in these briefs which leads me to change the views expressed to you in my former communication under date of October 4th. In that connection, I suggested to you that before any further proceedings were taken in this matter, you should require the petitioners to place you in possession of evidence which standing alone and undisputed would justify the removal of the Mayor. At the outset of their brief, counsel state that it contains a statement of what they deem to be "first, the issues raised by the Mayor's answer to the petition, referring to the facts which stand admitted by the answer and those which remain to be proven in support of any of the charges, together with a statement of the proof which petitioners are prepared to offer in support of the same." In spite of this statement, I have searched through the brief in vain for any statement of the proofs which the petitioners could or would furnish in support of the charges or for any suggestion as to where such proof could be obtained. So far as this point is concerned, there is absolutely no change in the situation since the date of my former communication to you. I do not intend to discuss the legal questions involved further than to say that my views as heretofore expressed to you are unchanged. I still believe that an official who 5417 2. is the owner of stock in a corporation having contracts with the city is interested within the meaning of Section 1533 of the charter; but if his ownership of the stock was acquired before the transactions complained of and such transactions were without his knowledge, then he is guilty of no moral offense, as guilty knowledge is the essence of the offense. This seems to be the view entertained by General Tracy and expressed in his opinion appended to the brief of counsel. The concluding sentence of the opinion, summarizing his views as to the criminal liability of an official, is as follows: "It follows, therefore, that the city officer who acquires the stock of a corporation, knowing that such corporation has such contracts with the city, commits the act prohibited by statute and is guilty of a misdemeanor." You have also submitted to me a telegram under date of November 21st, in which it is suggested by counsel for the petitioner that the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court have decided that the Ice Company is an illegal combination; and in this connection they call attention to certain remarks, which are entirely dicta, in one of the opinions delivered in that case, --an opinion which was not concurred in by any of the other members of the court. I am at a loss to understand how this contention can seriously be made. It is to be remembered that the Attorney-General has not yet commenced an action against the company, and it follows, of course, that no pleadings have yet been drawn, no evidence has been adduced, and the contracts which it is alleged create or tend to create a monopoly have never been presented to the court. The preceeding above referred to was one instituted by the Attorney-General pursuant to the provisions of Section 4, Chapter 690, Laws of 1899, for the purpose of examining witnesses and pre- 54183. curing evidence, preliminary to the bringing of an action to test the question whether or not the ice company was an unlawful combination. The questions before the court related wholly to the constitutionality and validity of the statutory provisions as to this preliminary proceeding. Under those circumstances it must be apparent, even to the lay mind, that no court has yet decided that the ice company is a trust or that its operations have been in violation of the law. Very respectfully yours, John C. Davis Attorney-General.November 23d,1900. TO THE HONORABLE, THE GOVERNOR. SIR:- I have the honor to say that pursuant to your verbal request, I have carefully examined the briefs submitted to you by counsel for the petitioners in the matter of the application to remove from office the Mayor of New York City. I am unable to find anything in these briefs which leads me to change the views expressed to you in my former communication under date of October 4th. In that connection, I suggested to you that before any further proceedings were taken in this matter, you should require the petitioners to place you in possession of evidence which standing alone and undisputed would justify the removal of the Mayor. At the outset of their brief, counsel state that it contains a statement of what they deem to be "first, the issues raised by the Mayor's answer to the petition, referring to the facts which stand admitted by the answer and these which remain to be proven in support of any of the charges, together with a statement of the proof which petitioners are prepared to offer in support of the same." In spite of this statement, I have searched through the brief in vain for any statement of the proofs which the petitioners could or would furnish in support of the charges or for any suggestion as to where such proof could be obtained. So far as this point is concerned, there is absolutely no change in the situation since the date of my former communication to you. I do not intend to discuss the legal questions involved further than to say that my views as heretofore expressed to you are unchanged. I still believe that an official who is the owner of stock in a corporation having contracts with the city is interested within the meaning of Section 1533 of the charter; but if his ownership of the stock was acquired before the transactions complained of and such transactions were 54202. without his knowledge, then he is guilty of no moral offense, as guilty knowledge is the essence of the offense. This seems to be the view entertained by General Tracy and expressed in his opinion appended to the brief of counsel. The concluding sentence of the opinion, summarizing his views as to the criminal liability of an official, is as follows: "It follows, therefore, that the city officer who acquires the stock of a corporation, knowing that such corporation has such contracts with the city, commits the act prohibited by statute and is guilty of a misdemeanor." You have also submitted to me a telegram under date of November 21st, in which it is suggested by counsel for the petitioner that the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court have decided that the Ice Company is an illegal combination; and in this connection they call attention to certain remarks, which are entirely dicta, in one of the opinions delivered in that case,--an opinion which was not concurred in by any of the other members of the court. I am at a loss to understand how this contention can seriously be made. It is to be remembered that the Attorney-General has not yet commenced an action against the company, and it follows, of course, that no pleadings have yet been drawn, no evidence has been adduced, and the contrasts which it is alleged create or tend to create a monopoly have never been presented to the court. The proceeding above referred to was one instituted by the Attorney-General pursuant to the provisions of Section 4, Chapter 690, Laws of 1899, for the purpose of examining witnesses and procuring evidence, preliminary to the bringing of an action to test the question whether or not the ice company was an unlawful combination. The questions before the court related wholly to the constitutionality and validity of the statutory provisions as to this preliminary proceeding. Under these circumstances it must be apparent, even to the lay mind, that no court has yet decided that the ice company is a trust or 54213 that its operations have been in violation of the law. Very respectfully yours, John C Davies Attorney-General. 5422 [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, Nov 24 1900*] Filed by ________________ St. Paul. Nov. 23. 1900 Dear Sir- I have written to President McKinley, suggesting that it would be an act of most wise statesmanship to put a Catholic in his next Cabinet, & I now write to you to invoke in favor 5423 has to be put forward, let it be Richard C. Kerens of Missouri. Mr. Kerens would do admirably as postmaster- general or as Secretary of the Interior. Another matter-Please Keep in mind your devoted friends Bellany & Mrs. Storer- who are, indeed, your devoted friends. They wish to be sent to Paris. I spoke of this to the President a month ago - 5424 of this idea of mine your potent intercessory aid. You will remember that Some years ago you & I did have a talk over the advisability for country & party - of giving Catholics a representation among the presidential advisors. That advisability is now more apparent than ever heretofore- in view of our new possessions, where the Catholic faith is prominent. I have no doubt but that you think today on this matter, as you did when we had occasion to discuss it in conversation. The principle is, of course, more to me than the man= & what I desire first above all else is a Catholic in the cabinet level whoever the man selected for this position may be. But, if a name 5424you as President of the United States Very sincerely yours John Leland Hon. Theodore Roosevelt [*shorthand*] 5426? 2 and he promised to aceede to [?] wishes in this matter, if there were a vacancy in Paris of course, Mr. Porter is an admirable man, a friend of mine, & unless he of his own free accord retires from Paris, nothing is to be done at present. But perhaps he may retire or perhaps he may become Secretary of War. You might dispose 5425things, so that he do been Secretary of War and if is any way, Paris is made vacant, remember Bellamy and Mrs. Storer. I shall be in the East towards the end of the first week of December, & I shall be delighted if an opportunity is given me to see you- that I may consult with you on the points I am [*5425?*] now submitting to you - & congratulate you, [?] [?], on the great victory we have won. The triumph of the Republican Party meant this year for America, more, perhaps, than ever before. We must do all we can for the weal of the nation from 1901- to 1905 - and, in March, 1905, we must be able to Salute 5426POSTAL TELEGRAPH-CABLE COMPANY in connection with THE COMMERCIAL CABLE COMPANY. ALBERT B. CHANDLER, President. I.O. STEVENS, Sec'y WM. H. Baker, V.P. & G.M. JOHN W. MACKAY, President ALBERT BECK, Sec'y GEO. G. Ward, V.P. & G.M. TELEGRAM The Postal Telegraph-Cable Company transmits and delivers this message subject to the terms and conditions printed on the back of this blank. NUMBER 144 SENT BY Go REC'D BY PD CHECK 38 Paid 149P Received at 46 State Street, Albany, N.Y. (Telephones 5060 & 409 D.) Nov 23 1900 Dated New York 23 To Hon Theodore Roosevelt Executive Mansion Albany Misunderstood first letter Pray go ahead with article as outlined in your letter of yesterday upon certain forms of philanthropic and civic work bringing in your experiences with Riis we hope for early publication for good of cause 5427 S.S. McClureStamped Executive Chamber Answered Nov. 27 1900 Commissioner. In your reply refer to John. B. Procter, President. John B. Harlov File No. Mark S. Brewer. And Date of this Letter. A. Ralph Serven, Chief Examiner. John T. Doyle, Secretary Address: "Civil Service Commission, Washington, D.C." United States Civil Service Commisssion, Washington, D.C. November 23, 1900. My Dear Theodore: I have a letter from Miss Foster inviting you to speak at the intended meeting of the Massachusetts Federa- tion of Women's Clubs. This Federation has been doing admirable work, based upon the idea that the women, irrespective of polit- ical considerations, may unite in the movement for reform in the civil service, giving a common meeting ground. I have promised that you would accept. The object of the movement is stated in an editorial in the Springfield Republican as follows: It is one of the organizations to take hold of the idea that the Federations need some purpose for useful existence, some cause for which they may do service, some object of direct endeavor, lifting them out of that wretched pettiness and those vacation social notions which form no reasonable basis for a national existence. These good women believe that if you would go to their Boston meeting in April and give them a talk, that the mere fact of your coming would insure an enthusiastic meeting. They will meet in a hall where two thousand can be seated. I have guaranteed that 5428 2 you will go, and I do not want to be put to the necessity of coming and taking you bodily; and therefore beg that you will indicate your acceptance. They have informed me that your expenses will be provided for that you will be properly entertained in Boston; but as you are at home in the Harvard locality you probably would prefer to look out for yourself after you get there. I believe that these women's clubs can do the cause of civil service reform great good. They are especially interested in questions relating to colonial government. You will be gratified to know that the civil service work in the Philippines is making satisfactory progress. We are sending some very bright young people out to the islands for service under the Taft Commission. The civil service law enacted by that Commission has certain improvements over our national law. I have been in correspondence with a number of first-class colleges with a view to bringing here bright young Filipinos who might be selected by the Taft Commission or by the Superintendent of Education, Atkinson, for education in this country, and have met with most generous responses. I hope you can write me at an early date that you will accept the invitation to make a talk before the Federation of Women's Clubs in Boston on Thursday evening, April 11, 1901. Put that 3 down in your entertainment book as "filled". They will be very happy if I can assure them you will be on hand. Miss Foster says in her letter that they are promised the presence of the gov- ernor of Massachusetts and his staff in uniform and of the mayor of Boston, and both the governor and the mayor will make brief speeches. Miss Foster says that all of the women's clubs of the six New England States will be represented by delegates at this meeting. Very truly yours, John B Procter 5430 Inc.shorthand PF JACOB A. RIIS, 201 MULBERRY STREET, STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER NEW YORK Nov. 23 1900 NOV 24 9 54 AM 1900 ALBANY My dear Governor. You do not know how much your letter and your decision relieved me- I was just a bit afraid I might have offended you by seeming lack of appreciation. There was no want in me of that, you may believe; but it was a case, not of loving Caesar less but of loving Rome more. You are Rome. I am glad. Go ahead with your applied philanthropy or applied Christianity. It is all one. Only remember when you would give me credit for save troop that it was not I who applied the lever that made my dreams real, but you. Ever yours Jacob A Riis 5431THE YOUTH'S COMPANION [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED, NOV 26 1900 Filed by *] 55 East 76 St. New [?] 23.11.1900. Governor Roosevelt: — We propose to pay you [?] for your article on The [?] of Heroism, five hundred dollars for about 3000 words, if that will be quite satisfactory to you, but on this and other questions we are eager to meet your views, and to do what may seem proper to you. [*5433*][?] subject. The contraction of it is the one phase you mention and it seems to me narrow its interest. But you view that you avoided stirring up any nest of anti-imperialistic hornets (There are a few among our readers, and we are invariably non-controversial) the article ifyour kind note. [?] dear forever, Yours faithfully, William H. Rideing. [?] to His Excellency Governor Roosevelt [?] [?] [?] [?] [*STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER NOV 24 9 55 AM 1900 ALBANY*] [*THE YOUTH'S COMPANION*] written on the modified plan you suggest [?] do. Possibly, however, you can suggest an altogether different topic of more comprehensive intent, and with a wider appeal. There are two and a half million [fans?] you know, all [intirely?] national, and many all receptive and pliant. a really great topic [*5433*]for such an audience would be in relation to the office of the President (not the man, but the office). Explaining in a way to impress youthful readers in particular [with] its various responsibilities, its duties and its cares with the object of [impressing on] inculcating [?] a one sense of its [*5434*] dignity and elevation. An article on this would undoubtedly have not any interest, But a salutory influence in the direction of a higher and more serious views of political life. At all events we must have some article from you, and I shall be eager to have as soon as possible. Thanking you for [*5434*]STATION WROTHAM, [*shorthand*] EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, NOV 23 1900 Filed by_______________ PRESTONS, [*[11-23-00]*] IGHTHAM (TEL) SEVENOAKS. Kent My dear Governor: I write to you, now that the election is over, to congratulate you not only on your personal [???] but also for the great services you have rendered the country- your work, energy, & devotion to 5435 -ed. Just before leaving for England, whither I have been called on business, I made one [?] live speeches in Maryland for the administration. I often recall, with pleasure, the pleasant trip I made with you, when you delivered, what I consider the best & most striking address ever made, about my grandfather at Galena. Wishing you every success & hoping to see you, ere long, in Washington believe me, Colonel, very [??] yours [???] Prestons. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, NOV 23 1900 Filed by STATION WROTHAM, [????] PRESTONS, [*[11-23-00]*] IGHTHAM (TEL) SEVENOAKS. Kent My dear Governor: I write to you, now that the election is over, to congratulate you not only on your personal [???] but also for the great services you have rendered the country- your work, energy, & devotion to 5435the party has done more than anything else to bring about the great victory just achieved. I am one of those who desire to see America take her place amongst the nations as a great World Power- you are the principle exponent of the great principle of "expansion", & while I am sorry, in a way, that you shall have to assume the rather quiet duties of President of the Senate, yet I feel that you will be in a position to bring your great personal influence to bear strongly on the national policy, & with in[???] energy, vigor & life into, that, which is need 5436Nov 23 1900 10 WEST FORTY-THIRD STREET [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED NOV 26 1900 Filed by _*] My dear Governor Since you find the English view interesting I send you another - the conclusn of Tuesday's story , (which appeared at 7 on Wednesday) & the Wednesday reflections. The last paragraph might please Mrs. Roosevelt Yours ever G. W. Smalley [?] [*5437*] [*/2/3*] Manila, Received November 23, 1900. 1.37 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. With reference to your telegram of 22d, death Murphy, 13th. Frederick W. Altstaetter, 1st Lt. Corps of Engineers, released by insurgents, November 20, now on route to Manila. Transport Wysfield arrived yesterday. MacArthur. -o0o- Manila, Received November 23,1900. 7.35 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. With reference to your telegram of 21st, Kitchen killed in action, Burgason, Penay, October 30. Never reported here. MacArthur. -o0o- Adjutant General's Office, Received November 23, 1900. MacArthur, Manila. What is the present status of Corporal Burns, Company F, 44th Infantry, U.S.Volunteers. Corbin. -o0o- 5438153 Taku, China, Received November 23, 1900. 4.30 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. November 21. Number 80. Humphrey returned from Shan-hai-Kwan and Ching-wan-tae, reports as follows: At former place consulted General Reid who states British would build pier for their own use that place, but other troops could use it, and stated some 16 miles railroad each side Peitang River and bridge crossing same throughtly destroyed. No doubt of putting railroad, excepting bridge, in order if were in hands of English. Was informed by Reid, international pier, costing two hundred thousand dollars, to be built Ching-wan-tae; intention to build pier by Christmas, extending it to fourteen feet water; my opinion pier will not be built by that time, and fear pier will not stand unless built and protected in substantial manner; not possible this season year. Informed General Reid we desired to share due proportion expense construction pier for reception mails, etc. Shan-hai-Kwan not even roadstead, and Ching-wan-tae little better, but ice at latter place has not, in past season, prevented landing Chinese mails, whence it is carted to railroad six miles distance for dispatch Tien Tsin, Pekin. Mr.Drew, Chief Customs and Imperial Posts Tien Tsin, informed me will be impossible for him to land our mail Ching-wan-Tae, but he will establish station there and maintain surf beat for landing mails and Chinese cart transfer it to railroad and ever break in same. Mail, American force, China, should be sent Shanghai for Chinese Imperial Mail, to be transferred from Shanghai to Chefee. Imperial Posts intend send two mail per week Chefee, Ching-wan-tae; other nations will look after transportation their own mail to latter point, and better United States charter vessel for that purpose, and other necessary construct station Ching-wan-tae with six month supply, post office and quartermaster agent and supply surf beat, with crew, and messenger transporting mails to railroad. Recommends that chartered vessel run between Nagasaki, Ching-wan-tae, vessel fourteen feet draft, loaded eight or nine feet, light, 11.018 or 12 knots speed with accommodations few first class passengers. Informed such vessel can be scoured Shanghai or Hong Kong. If we could get mails with regularity to Chefee think steamer would carry them from there Ching-wan-tae, but cannot estimate cost now, in which case we still obliged maintain postal station Ching-wan-tae with facilities landing and caring for our own mails. Reported Russians leaving and British to have control railroad; if this be fact, problem delivery mail after landed, easily solved. End report. Wish our mail sent Nagasaki and semi-monthly service, by our own vessel there, to Ching-wan-tae. Upon receipt information proper vessel chartered, will make arrangements delivery mail Ching-wan-tae to American garrison in China. Chaffee. -o0o- Navy Department, Washington, Washingto23, 1900. Sir: Referring to your letter of November 20, the Department has this day sent the following cable to Rear-Admiral Remey: "Direct NEW ORLEANS carry mails Chefee to Shan-hai-Kuan weekly or when mails arrive." Very respectfully, John D.Long, Secretary. The Honorable The Secretary of War. 5439 -o0o-COPY Nov. 24, 1900. Honorable Theodore Roosevelt, Albany N.Y. My Dear Sir: Since I called on you last Sunday I have seen most of the Executive Committee of the Home Market Club, and I am pleased to write you that they all agree with me in postponing the Home Market Club Dinner until next March, so as to be able to have you at the dinner. I have, further asked our executive officer, Col. Clarke, to see the management of the Mechanics Building in Boston, where our dinners are held, and obtain from them the open dates after March 15th next. I enclose you copy of his letter. If you will have the kindness to name one of the days included in his list of open dates, which will I trust meet your approval, I shall be very greatly obliged to you, and will make all arrangements with the end in view of having our dinner on the date designated by you. I thank you very much for your courtesies extended, and to be extended. I feel very confident we shall be able to give you an audience of 1500 representative New England business men. Awaiting your reply at your convenience, I am Yours sincerely, (Signed) Geo. A. Draper. [*A*] [*S440*] [Enc in [???] 12-17-00] [For enc see Clarke 11-23-00]FIFTH AVENUE HOTEL Madison Square, New York. November 24, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber, Albany, N.Y., Dear Theodore:- I have just received your letter and the enclosure. Thanks. I have attended to the matter of which we spoke, when I last saw you. I have just met your loyal Secretary Youngs. He tells me that you are to be in town, but knowing how you are tormented and even your Sunday leisure encroached upon, by officious friends, I am going to spare you this time, though of course you know how I should love to see you. I am sorry to hear of the illness of Amos Kapp. You have no more faithful or loyal friend. You probably did not notice in the newspapers that the Home Market Club have postponed their dinner till Spring. It is the most representative political body in all New England, an organization whose friendship is well worth having. You simply backed up in that interview, repeating exactly what I have told them, and from my point of view nothing that you could have said would have been better. You see you confirmed my own statement to them, to the last detail. I do hope that you will come to them in the Spring, for your own sake. They have always been loyal friends of mine. With cordial regards to Mrs. Roosevelt, believe me as ever Faithfully yours, Curtis [Guild] [*5441*] Manila, Received November 24, 1900. 7.10 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. With reference to your telegram of 23d, Burns killed in action, Bugasn, Panay, October 30th. MacArthur. Manila, Received November 24, 1900. 1.41 p.m. Adjutant general, Washington. Killed: November 11th, Bulusan, Panay, L, 47th Infantry, Thomas W. Hollingsworth; November 14, Amulug, Luzon, F, Signal Corps, Sergeant Robin J. Todd; November 22, Montalban, Luzon, K, 27th Infantry, William H. Hart, Jr.; A, 42d Infantry, Lawrence P. Kappner. Wounded: Fred.B. Riley, hand slight; B, 27th Infantry, Sergeant Daniel Gump, loin slight; Harry S. Gatto, hand slight; 27th Infantry, battalion sergeant major Daniel W. De Cardenas, face slight; Pantijan, Luson, I , 46th Infantry, Charles T. Smith, Arm slight, William E. Turner, thigh moderate; November 11, Bulusan, Panay, L, 47th Infantry, Augustus Nelson, arm serious; October 21, Guadalupe, Cebu, M, 19th Infantry, John D. Hofman, hip severe: Cook, Joseph M.Petter, thigh slight November 16, Abusay, Luzon, F, 32nd Infantry, John G. Lees, thigh moderate; October 16, Payo, Cataduanes, C, 47th Infantry, Corporal John W. Jackson, head serious; November 10, Subig, Luzon, L, 25th Infantry, Corporal Arthur R.D.Smith, thigh serious; November 13, Santa Cruz, Luzon, E, 4th Cavalry, Musician Thomas Matuchewica, neck serious; November 16, Nerzagaray, Luzon, Philippine Cavalry, 2d Lieutenant Clarence M. Condon, chest slight. MacArthur. 5442San Fernando, Camerines, Sur. P. I. November 24" 1900. Col. Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, N. Y. My dear Colonel: Have just heard of the very gratefying result of the elections. Allow me to offer my sincere congratulations. Nothing could be more pleasing except that you had been at the top of the ticket. General satisfaction is expressed by all the soldiers in this district, particularly so among the volunteers, who expect to sent home early in the coming year. My little campaigning has been done [* 5443 *] 2 in this section for the past two months on account of the almost impassable condition of the trails, but in a couple of days a general "round up" of this district will commence and will probably last a month, by the end of which time it is expected to have every insurgent in this district corraled. Of course there will be more or less insurrection here as long as the old Spanish system of taxation is in vogue; and so long as the administration of justice and the colection of taxes are in the hands of of the natives. The people must be educated by practical illustrations. Once the native is freed from the excessive tax to which they are subjected by their own people in power and taught the American system of taxation, they will become a satisfied and thrifty nation. At present, in the provinces outside of Manilla where local government have been formed,3 everything they eat, is taxed. This naturally incenses them, moreso because the Americans have promised them something better, and have not as yet given it to them; hence those who have "come in" and went to work are now going to the hills again. They do not seem to appreciate that "Rome was not built in a day." Lieut. Curry is in excellent health and is stationed at Minelabag in this province. He is now in command of "K" troop, but it has not become as famous as "K" troop of the RRRs. The Eleventh is scattered all over the island, but is doing excellent work. Myself, I have been in most excellent health every since my arrival in the Islands. Was wounded in the right arm while conducting the point on Gen. [?Schoran's?] expedition, on the 7th of last January which laid me up for a couple of weeks. I still carry the [* 5444 *]4 ball in my shoulder. I since have been made 1st Sgt of "M" Troop. The more I soldier the better I like it, but I commenced to late in life. I will probably quit after this enlistment, unless I get something better. With my kindest regards to yourself and all RRRs yo may see, I am Your Obt. Servant, George A. McCarter [? shorthand ?]Office of The Conservative J. Sterling Morton, Editor. A Weekly Journal devoted to the discussion of Political, Economic and Sociological questions Terms of Subscription, $1.50 per year, invariable in advance EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED Nov 27 1900 Nebraska City, Neb., Nov. 24, 1900 Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N.Y. My dear Governor: Now that you are our from under the avalanche of congratulations which must have poured in upon you by telegraph and mail since the 6th of this month, I lumber in to tell you that I am personally and polit- ically very much gratified at your success. It is most agreeable to me, because I believe that you are thoroughly in earnest and desperately honest in your endeavors to give to this country a decent classified service. Therefore, I shall hole when you shall get to Washington to hear of a little more backbone, energy and non-partisan fairness in the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Thanking you for the kind words which you have written about my four sons - Joy, Paul, Mark and Carl- who re worthy of their competent mother and a great pride and joy to their father, and wishing that you, when you shall have arrived at my age, may have as much satisfaction out of your children, I remain, Very faithfully your friend, J Sterling Montose [short hand] 5445 Newburgh, N.Y., Nov. 24, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N.Y. My dear Governor:- I have your favor of the 23rd concerning Constabulay ry bill. I am working on a solution of that problem that will be satisfactory all around, I think, provider Mr. Dana and our other friends will be as sincere as I propose to be in endeavoring to get a satisfactory result. With kind regards, I am, Sincerely yours, [B B O'dell?] 5446Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Mansion, Albany, N.Y. Dear Sirs: We sent our answer to your letter of Nov. 19th to Oyster Bay. When we received your second letter of Nov. 22nd, we at once realized that in our answer we had misunderstood the character of the article which you kindly proposed to write to take the place of one on "Jacob Riis, Meet Influential Citizen of New York." On receipt of that second letter we wired you to please go ahead with the article as outlined in your second letter, "upon certain forms of philan- thropic and civic work, in which you could bring your experiences, Mr. Riis." It seems to us that an article on such lines and undertaken in that spirit would be of vital importance to our readers since it would have that personal element which we have found to be meet necessary in bringing an object lessen forcibly and straight to the majority of the people. As we said in our telegram, we hope for early publication, that the article may be an important factor in focusing public interest on the work the best jettisons of New York have done and are doing , and helping thereby, every one to realise that i order to secure good civic government, it is every one's duty to set to work unselfishly and energetically and on some [?] practical line for the public good. We would very much like to be able to publish the article in our Feb- ruary number. Would it be possible for us to have it about Dec. 10th, and pay 5447THE S.S. McCLURE COMPANY, PUBLISHERS NEW YORK AND LONDON, Editorial Rooms 141 EAST TWENTY-FIFTH ST. NEW YORK November 24, 1900. Gen Roosevelt, (2). we know in advance who are that salient personalities you intend to bring in, that we may have portraits of them? Jacob Riis and Arthur Von Briesan will go in surely; are there any others? There might also be scenes, and can you suggest other schemes of illustration, which would still better further the ends of the article? With anticipated thanks for your most valued cooperation, I am, Very sincerely yours, The SSMcClure Co John S Phillips [[shorthand]][C??se] received the earnest support of [?] many members of the faculty the opposition sucseeded in preventing a reopening of the case. Now what shall we do? I am absolutely opposed to relinquishing a fight for the free speech. I am eager to carry the matter further if possible. Don't you think it wrong that a young man should be dismissed in his senior year for statements published Williamstown - Mass Nov. 24, 1900 My dear [?] Roosevelt I trust you will pardon my writing you on a matter which can be of little in- terest to you. However I want your help and advise if you are willing to give it. We have published in Williams College a Campaign paper to which you were good enough to send a telegram. We have The result was that shortly after our paper appeared our Editor-in-chief Sidney B Wood was dismissed from college on the charge of using insulting language toward faculty. I enclose the article in question for your perusal. We have wasted nearly two weeks in the hope that the faculty at the urgent request of many of the alumni and several ([?]) of the trustees would reconsider their action. In spite of the fact that our carried on a most vigorous campaign but which culminated in the publication of our paper. In it were several pretty severe & I acknowledge disrespectful roasts on the democratic members of our faculty who have brought our college some disrepute by upholding the course of Bryon. In our small college we had seven or eight Bryon professors while at Princeton I understand there is not a single one. We therefore directed our guns against them. [*5450*] shorthand [11-24-00] in the heat of a campaign and for which he subsequently apologized? As I said before I suppose this may seem very trivial and [?] to you but it is a most real misfortune for us. Would you be willing to write a letter to our faculty expressing your disapproval or better still make some comment on the matter in the Press? The Democratic Papers are all roosting us terribly and must confess would [*5451*]like to be able to make some reply, Of course we do not want our names to appear but we believe the ease is of a character which merits the support of the Republican papers. I hope you will excuse the liberty I have taken but we have felt from the first that if we told you about the atter you would advise us and help us if possible. Sincerely yours Stanley Woshburn Box6. William [?] Mass. [*5452*]DISMISSED CHARGES AGAINST VAN WYCK. "World" Failed to Furnish Any Evidence Against Mayor. GIVEN PLENTY OF TIME. After Months of Waiting Governor Is Finally Compelled to Dismiss Charges Governor Roosevelt late yesterday afternoon announced that he had dismissed the charges made by the "World" against Mayor Van Wyck on account of his connection with the American Ice Company. The reason for such dismissal was that neither the "World" nor its attorneys, J. Noble Hayes and Wheeler H. Peckham, had furnished the governor, after months of waiting on their part, with a scintilla of evidence which would warrant the governor in even appointing a special commissioner, as was done in the charges against District Attorney Asa Bird Gardiner, to take testimony regarding the charges. Attorney-General Davies has repeatedly advised the governor that the "World's" attorneys had not in the least degree made out a case against Mayor Van Wyck, so at last, after giving the "World" months of opportunity to substantiate its case against the mayor, the governor was forced under the law, and pursuant to the advice of the attorney-general, to throw the charges out. The governor's decision follows: "State of New York, Executive Chamber, Albany Nov. 23, 1900. "In the matter of the charges preferred against Robert A. Van Wyck, mayor of the city of New York- Decision: "The brief presented by Mr. Hayes of counsel to the 'World' undated, but received in this office November 20, contains no additional testimony can be obtained. The situation is therefore unchanged from what it was on October 4, 1900, when the attorney-general wrote his letter to me. There is, therefore, as stated by the attorney-general in his letter of November 23, little to add to what was contained in his letter of October 4, and in the statement issued by me on November 17. "I concur in the attorney-general's opinion. My judgement is that the so called ice trust is not a corporation in which the mayor of New York should have stock. But no proof has been offered of any wilful violation of law on the part of the mayor such as would justify the drastic measure of removing him from office. The power of removal from office of elective officers should be treated much as we treat the power of impeachment. It is an extraordinary and not an ordinary remedy. "Theodore Roosevelt, Governor." Attorney-General Davies's letter advising the governor to dismiss the charges follows: "To the Honorable, the Governor: "Sir:-I have the honor to say that , pursuant to your verbal request, I have carefully examined the briefs submitted to you by counsel for the petitioners in the matter of the application to remove from office the mayor of New York city. I am unable to find anything in these briefs which leads me to change the views expressed to you in my former communication under date of October 4. In that connection I suggested to you that before any further proceedings were taken in this matter, you should require the petitioners to place you in possession of evidence which, standing alone and undisputed, would justify the removal of the mayor. "At the outset of their brief counsel state that it contains a statement of what they deem to be 'first, the issue raised by the mayor's answer to the petition, referring to the facts which stand admitted by the answer and those which remain to be proven in support of any of the charges, together with a statement of the proof which petitioners are prepared to offer in support of the same. In spite of this statement, I have searched through the brief in vain for any statement of the proofs which the petitioners could or would furnish in support of the charges or for any suggestion as to where such proof could be obtained. So far as this point is concerned there is absolutely no change in the situation since the date of my former communication to you. "I do not intend to discuss the legal questions involved further than to say that my views as heretofore expressed to you are unchanged. I stil believe that an official who is the owner of stock in a corporation having contracts with the city is interested within the meaning of section 1533 of the charter; but if his ownership of this stock was acquired without his knowledge, then he is guilty of no offense, as guilty knowledge is the essence of the offense. "This seems to be the view entertaind by Gen. Tracy and expressed in his opinion appended to the brief by counsel. The concluding sentence of the opinion, summarizing his views as to the criminal liability of an official, is as follows: 'It follows, therefore, that the city officer who acquires the stock of a corporation, knowing that such corporation has such contracts with the city, commits the act prohibited by statute and is guilty of a misdemeanor.' "You have also submitted to me a telegram under date of November 21, in which it is suggested by counsel for the petitioner that the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court have decided that the ice company is an illegal combination; and in this connection they call attention to certain remarks, which are entirely dicta, in one of the opinions delivered in that case-an opinion which was not concurred in by any of the other members of the court. I am at a loss to understand how this contention can seriously be made. It is to be remembered that the attorney-general has not yet commenced an action against the company, and it follows, of course, that no pleadings have yet been drawn, no evidence has been adduced, and the contracts which it is alleged create a monopoly have never been presented to the court. The proceeding above referred to was one instituted by the attorney-general pursuant to the provisions of section 4, chapter 690, laws of 1899, for the purpose of examining witnesses and procuring evidence preliminary to the bringing of an action to test the question whether or not the ice company was an unlawful combination. "The questions before the court related wholly to the constitutionality and validity of the statutory provisions as to this preliminary proceeding. Under these circumstances it must be apparent, even to the lay mind, that no court has yet decided that the ice company is a trust or that its operations have been in violation of the law. Very respectfully yours, "John C. Davies, Attorney-General. "November 23, 1900." In addition to his written opinion dismissing the charges, Governor Roosevelt had this to say on the Ice Trust question: "There has not been an hour's unnecessary delay on the part of the state authorities. Fifty-five days elapsed from June 2, when the 'World' first filed its charges, until July 27, when its amended complaint put those charges in final form, and forty-two days elapsed from August 17, when these charges were served upon the mayor, until September 27, when the mayor filed his answer. The delay since then has been solely due to the fact that the 'World' at that time discharged the counsel which it formerly employed and refused to go on with the case, leaving it completely in the air for the time being. "Although the matter of the trusts is not directly involved in this decision, I wish to point out that the existing law of the state, even provided that under it the attorney-general's action against the ice corporation should be successful, is not adequate. In my last annual message to the Legislature I recommended the adoption of a system which would secure reasonable publicity of such facts concerning corporations as the public has a right to know, and reasonable restriction of their powers. Events have shown, especially in view of what has occurred in connection with the ice trst, that even stronger action than that which I recommended should be taken. Not only should such provisions concerning corporations as above mentioned be enacted into law, but there should be ledged somewhere the power to prescribe the conditions under which foreign and domestic corporations can do business in this state, and to deprive them of their charter if they at any time violate these conditions." The additional statements of alleged evidence filed recently by the "World's" attorneys in the Van Wyck charges do not, the attorney-general and governor say, embrace any facts additional to those contained in the preliminary charges, which have already been published154 Taku, China, Received November 25, 1900. 5.40 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington November 24, Number 92. Cabell (De Rosey C., Capt. 6th Cavalry) made clean job small band robbers and house burglars, eighteen miles south, marching at midnight, guided by villagers; surrounded compound at daylight; killed band of eight, but saved the women five and children three. German, Italian and Austrian column, twelve hundred strong, sent northwest eight days ago, supposed to have arrived Kalgan to-day. No opposition last reports from Suanhua. Chaffee. 5455 -cOc-[*Personal!*] EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED Dec 2 1900*] University Club Fifth Avenue & 54th Street Nov. 25 1900 Dear Governor. The Associated Harvard Clubs meet in Minneapolis Dec 1st. (first) The meetings in St. Louis & Chicago in previous years were largely attended. You know what I have in mind and you know how extremely timid the average Harvard man is lest he should be "worked." Would you care to come? 1906 is a long way off but I want to get as many men "put" as will stay "put" early. I do not think if you should go now that your going would be construed as it might be later. There is of course no necessity for your [*5456*]going at all. I merely write this on the theory that the other fellows feel as I do -- the more they see of you, the more they like you. As President of the Minnesota Harvard Club, I am authorized to invite you. Let me know at Minneapolis and if you don't come send me a line. I go west today with Rev J.J Hill I was present Yesterday at the "slaughter of the innocents". Some one is to blame for the selection and training of our men. You know I believe in forceful men and things! Don't you? Yours Cordially Samuel Buck 5457[*Copy*] Balauga, Balaan, Luzon, P.I., November 25/1900 Hon. Mr. H. Taft, PI., The Philippines Commission, Manila. Sir:- In the event of Provincial treasuryships being established with Americans in charge, I would respectfully apply for an appointment to one such- probably the province of Cagayan or one in the island of Mindanao. By way of indicating probable qualifications for such, I will say that when quite young I was assistant-bookkeeper in the Iowa Nalt Bk. Des Moines; afterwards bookkeeper for Western Loan-Trust Co., Pierre, Dakota, and general agent for that and the New Hampshire Trust Co., with contract to place $1,000.00 per day on farm mortgages. I have been a rather extensive real-estate and mine operator and should know considerable of land titles and values. I attended the Iowa State University and read law two years, attending the Keokuk Law School; afterwards practicing the profession for about five years, and have since continued the study of its general principles, more or less systematically- [*5458*]While not speaking Spanish, I am studying the language, with some progress. I was endorsed for my present position by Gov. Roosevelt, under whom I served in Cuba as a trooper, and by Senator Hay, Speaker Henderson, Senator Wilson of Washington and others. I believe these gentlemen will again speak for me. As to my [???] [???] in this island, I refer with confidence to my major and colonel and reports of record. Very respectuflly H K. Look 2" Lt., 32 [???], U.S.V.[Enc in Love 12-1-00]1730 BROADWAY. Nov.26.1900 Dear Theodore Here's a letter that I found in my desk this morning at Franklin Square that I think you will want to read. Let me have it back. please. She says destroy it, but I don't think she would mind your seeing it. Poor dear, I have felt mortally sorry for her. [???] E. S. Martin We missed you at the Yale game. 5461 1730 BROADWAY. New York Nov.25.1900 Dear Theodore I didn't write the editorial in Harper's Weekly that you liked. Johnny [???] wrote it. I write nothing but jokes and scoffs at you as usual. Why have you taught the little lad at Groton to feel it his duty to lick folks? [???] it terrible. I hope he'll get over it. My son George is in the first form- same as Ted. He says Ted can lick the form, but I can't find out how he knows, or whether Ted has actually done it in detail. My chap is blessed with a cheerful spirit and seems to have a first rate time at Groton. I can't find that he has ever been homesick. 5460thank you for your letter. You make me feel poor when you speak of having six children. There are three in this family, and all of them would be greatly interested to meet Johnathan Edwards. As for you going further in politics, I don't suppose you will ever be out of politics again. I am an hereditary [???] & though I have had to vote twice for you because the alternative was so forbidding. I hope presently to get back in to my own fold again. That when Lord Payn speaks of a codfish being no good when he is not of water I resent it, and I don't believe that Lord Payns are going to [?????] oblige the puddle again for long. Remember me. please to Mrs Roosevelt. Sincerely E. S. MartinTHE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. Incorporated. 21,000 Offices in America. Cable Service to all the World. Thos. T. Eckert, President and General Manager. Number NY 9 Sent by JE Rec'd by D check 32pd 1150am RECEIVED at No. 5 West Bridge St., cor Water St., Oswego, N. Y. 11/ 25 1900 Dated Newburgh NY 25 To Hon Theo Roosevelt c/o Jno T Mott Pay no attention about publication spoken of in New York paper this morning. There is no truth in it will see you tomorrow & talk matters over with you until then [say nothing?] B. B. Odell Jr This Telegram has just been received at the office, No. 5 West Bridge Street, where any reply should be sent. Cable Office. [[shorthand]][*Ans Dec 1 1900 PF*] WILLIAM A. OTIS & CO., BANKERS AND BROKERS COLORADO SPRING, COLO. [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED DEC 3 1900 Filed by*] NOVEMBER [??]th 1900 WILLIAM A. OTIS. PHILIP B. STEWART. WILLIAM P. SARGEANT Hon Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N.Y. My dear Sir, I learn by letter just at hand from Dr Lambert that you And Mr Goodrich may give me the great pleasure of joining in a winter hunt for "lion" and bob cat with Goff's dogs in the western part of the state. Lambert tells me that it will be convenient for you to take January for this outing. I had picked out a very rough but virgin section lying between Grand and White Rivers for my winters hunt but was expecting to go in about Jan'y 20th. The time chosen was fixed because I understood the conditions of snow for running the dogs were likely to be better then than earlier. I have written today (I only arrived from the East this morning) to ascertain whether we could put the time earlier without taking chances on finding unfavorable conditions for the dogs. They need snow and this section is warm - winter comes late. There is good hunting for "lion" in other [*5464*]WILLIAM A. OTIS & CO., WILLIAM A. OTIS. BANKERS AND BROKERS. PHILLIP B. STEWARD. COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO. WILLIAM P. SARGEANT. 2 parts of the same general country where we will certainly get good sport - but this Lane's Ranch region is so very rough that it is still a refuge for "lion", bear, wolves and bob - cats. The latter altho' not very great trophies, give a fast and exciting run! and they are so plentiful that no day need be without a good chase with the dogs. In midwinter we shall miss the excitement of a run on bear at which these dogs are past masters. Goff got 42 lions last winter in territory where he has hunted for years. He has never been in the Lane's Ranch Country with his dogs. If its merits are not overstated to us, we could not be better placed. Goff has complete outfits of every kind so that personal wearing apparel and possibly a large clean blanket to supplement Goff's somewhat over worked bedding is all that you need consider - I can not hear from Goff for three or four days, but will communicate with you at the earliest possible 5465WILLIAM A. OTIS & CO. BANKERS & BROKERS. COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO. WILLIAM A. OTIS PHILIP B. STEWART. WILLIAM P. SARGEANT. 3 moment that I can give you definite report from him as to proper time for starting. I am delighted to congratulate you on the splendid republican triumph. I am very sincerely yours Philip B. Stewart[[shorthand]][*[11-26-00]*] EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, NOV 27 1900 Filed by 163 HIGHLAND AVENUE. BUFFALO. My dear Governor Roosevelt. I wish to thank you for the compliment you paid me by my selection as Commissioner, in the matter of the Ice Trust charges against Mayor Van Hyck. Had the evidence necessary to support the Worlds charges "[???] out" to any [???], the position would have been one of great responsibility. As it turned out I might [??] pay than I do not see how you could 5467heartily for the distinguished work of your appreciation, and wishing, as well as believing, that your destiny leads "on to Washington-" for eight years as well as four. Yours very truly [????] Becker 2 Hon Theodore Roosevelt Albany N.Y. Buffalo November twenty sixth Nineteen Hundred, make any other disposition of the charges than to dismiss them, as you did. I have been informed that the main reason which indeed the NY. Journal people to withdraw the charges made by them against the Mayor, was at the bottom not so much a desire not to "play second fiddle" to the World, as a growing connection- that the [????] cover was to be obtained to support the charges made by either accuser. Thanking you again most 5468[*STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER NOV 30 1044 AM 1900 ALBANY*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 8 1900 Filed by*] Wm. Dudley Foulke, Richmond, Ind. Richmond, Ind. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster Bay,Long Island,New York. My dear Mr. Roosevelt: I received your letter but no [?????] introduction to the President to which you referred in it. I think you must have mislaid that. I am very glad to hear that you are to be with us at our annual meeting. I confess that Mr. McAneny's voting for Bryan surprises me exceedingly. He told me in the summer that although he did not like McKinley and could not vote for him that he would rather see him president than Bryan. I can hardly understand what brought about his change of view,for I should have supposed that Bryan's campaign speeches would be an education in the other direction I have read Mr. Lowell's article on the "Boss". In the main I think he sizes up the question very fairly especially the New York references. I think however his definition is rather too restricted. I see he says that Samuel J.Tilden was not a "boss". I should think that a man who had the political machinery so completely in his own hands ad who used it as corruptly as Tilden attempted to do in the purchase of the Oregon vote ought to be regarded as a boss. I should not say that the combination of national, state and municipal politics was at all necessary to the development of the boss,though I can see how it has been generally a very potent factor in that development. Certainly bosses have existed long before the days of our republic. Cosimo de Medici was undoubtedly a boss in Florentine politics when he obtained absolute control of the govern- 5469Wm. Dudley Foulke, Richmond, ind 2 ment without holding any office at all, [while]by manipulating the machinery of elections. There was no question of the combination of national and municipal politics in this. I strongly suspect that even Pericles was a boss when it was said of him that without holding any office he was the absolute master of Athens. I don't know that a boss is necessarily a bad man at all,but he is a little like other trustees who deal with trust property,liable to extraordinary temptation and very apt to fall. With kindest regards to Mrs. Roosevelt,I remain as ever, Your Friend, [*Wm Dudley Foulke*] 54701215 Manila, Received November 26, 1900. 7.40 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Following the deaths that have occurred since last report: Dysentery: November 18, E, 43rd Infantry, John H. Weld; November 22, K. 3d Infantry, Harry Rich; November 17, A, 13th Infantry, Thomas H. Doyle; D, 28th Infantry, Charley Hulme; November 12, M, 6th Infantry, Conrad Gautier; October 27, K, 45th Infantry, Hiram Gilpin. Varicla: November 17, E, 48th Infantry, John Commons; November 15, G, 48th Infantry, Corporal Frank Taylor. Tuber- culosis: November 23, K, 35th Infantry, Corporal Jesse C. Dodson; Malarial fever: November 22, B, 34th Infantry, Gilbert B. Laflin. Amnesia: November 19, D, 35th Infantry, Charles A. Miles. Heart disease: November 15, A, 24th Infantry, Corporal Louis Morgan. Died from wounds received in action: November 18, L, 25th Infantry, Corporal Arthur R. D. Smith. Alcoholism: November 19, K, 49th Infantry, Williams Ammons. Pulmonary congestion: November 21, G, 27th Infantry, Raymond Lisk. November 2, F, 4th Artillery, Charles Welch. Pneumonia: November 19, G, 33d Infantry, John W. Lew. Pleurisy: November 11, G, 3d Artillery, John B.Condlin. Cerebral Hemorrhage: November 18, E, 17th Infantry, William M. Rupel. Nephritis: November 19, E, 25th Infantry, John M. Jones. MacArthur. 5471The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway System. Great Northern Building, 77 Jackson St., Chicago. Paul Morton, Second Vice-President. SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT'S OFFICE. Nov. 26th.1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of New York, Albany, N.Y. My Dear Colonel;-- I have your note and thank you for it. There is no doubt about Mr. Bryan having been vigorously stepped upon. It is a good thing for the country. I wish you every success in the new office that you have been elected to. I don't want you to forget that we are to have a Rough Rider's Reunion in Colorado next year. Yours very sincerely, Paul MortonSTATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER Nov 28 9 33 AM 1900 ALBANYJACOB A. RiiS, 301 MULBERRY STREET, NEW YORK Nov [??] 1900 My dear Governor, Is it allowable to say about the Governor of the Empire State that he is a brick- then I say it. A whole house in fact. Ackerman has your letter by this time. If it does not get him a job, it will be queer. It was a good deed. Ever yours Jacob A Riis. 5473Extract copy of personal letterbto Major Gen. Corbin. HEADQUARTERS 1ST.DISTRICT DEPARTMENT NORTHERN LUZON? Viagn, Luzon, P.I., Nov 26th, 1900. Copy. Dear Corbin:- Howze would like a detail as Commandant of Cadets to succeed Hein on expiration of his term, and Iam particularly anxious that he should get it, not only in recognition of his splendid services out here, but also for the great benefit it would be to the Academy. He is deserving of recognition for his gallant and heroic work in his last fight commanded by me in person at Tangadin Pass December 4th, 1899, and for the pursuit and release of the American and Spanish prisoners. His successful work since in command of the province of Ilogos Norte, the formation and organization of civil government at Laoag and neighboring towns required courage, energy, judgment and discretion in a high degree. He is thirty-six years of age and has not been off duty a day since his arrival in the Philippines. he has an iron constitution and is the personification of energy, besides a gentleman of exemplary life and habits. I do not know of any Officer in our Army better equipped by nature, education and experience for Commandant of Cadets at the U.S. Military Academy. Howze, March and Duvall have been my main pillars of strength in the operations against these mountain guerillas, and they are deserving of substantial recognition. With Mills as Superintendent and Howze as Commandant, West Point should turn out young officers the equals or superiors of those from any military schools in the world, capable and worthy of commanding and sustaining the high reputation of our army in discipline and training in peace, and heroic and intrepid in war. x x x x x (The remainder of the letter personal on other subjects.) (Sgd.) S.B.M. Young True copy respectfully furnished Lt. Col. R.L. Howze, 34 Inf., U.S.V. By Command of Brig. Gen. Young, H.P. Howard, 1st. Lieut. SD Cavalry, A.D.C. 5474[Enc. in Howze 12-24-00]- [productive?] Edicts instead as she will tell you of us -Small fry is flourishing & knows his Uncle Teddy well by sight though only through photographs. Devotedly Bye [*[A R Cowles]*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED. DEC 3 1900 Filed by __*] November 27-1900 My darling Theodore The enclosed from Mrs [L? p?] was directed here - I watch all you are doing with interest & wish I could give you a personal charade of Calvin laying down the law firmly to me as to your Inauguration speech apparently [*STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER NOV 28 933 am 1900 ALBANY [*5476*] EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED. DEC 3 1900 Filed by __*] New Rochelle Nov. 27.1900 My Dear Governor Roosevelt I was about writing you and I received your letter, to reassure you I have had no intention of quoting you or referring to you in anyway since our unsatisfactory conversation. That I must express some surprise at your intimation that anything I might say of you would be inaccurate. Yours sincerely H.R. Nelsonthought of having you here again - Will had to go in to New York to inspect a ship yesterday & spent the night at Corinne's whose hospitable house as seems to me in a very [?] [?] fashion. I would write you more often but know how little time you have even to read letters & inflict myself as a correspondent [*5475*] fearing that you might explain to the Senate how little you had wished for or valued the privilege of presiding over it! & that I would aid & abet you! It is so good to see Cabot again & I thoroughly enjoyed the evenings he dined with me last week. All your old friends are enthusiastic at the102 Remsen Street. Brooklyn assure you that we would give earnest heed to your admonitions. I was also requested to set you right on one or two matters concerning which there seemed to be a misunderstanding, which official answer sent to Albany today For myself I desire to say that in my present happy frame of mind over the results of the Election to which you have contributed so largely I am more than willing to accept my scolding without the slightest inclination to answer back„ and I wish [*5478*] [*[11-27-00]*] [*STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER NOV 29 8 24 AM 1900 ALBANY*] 102 Remsen Street Brooklyn. Personal Nov 27/1900 [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 3 1900 Filed by.....*] My Dear Governor I want you to bury the hatchet. You did such admirable work during the Presidential campaign that you have placed us all under a great obligation. I believe most firmly that the overwhelming defeat of Bryan and all that Bryanism stands for was largely the result of your doing and has made us all your debtors. It changed doubt and anxiety with confidence and hopefulness and has given the Country a new base of prosperity. Your letter to our Board was read at its meeting last Monday and I was directed to reply to it and [*5477*]102 Remsen Street, Brooklyn. is received for every dollar of public money that is expended. With the hope that your Thanksgiving reunion will be as happy as I wish it to be, that the responsible duties of your new office will be successfully administrated and that higher National honors await you I am Yours very truly A. E. Orr Hon Theodore Roosevelt Governor I see that you are going to Oyster Bay so I send this there. [*5480*] 102 Remsen Street, Brooklyn. to go further and say that while I cannot help feeling that you have largely misjudged my motives, I regret exceedingly that I have given you offense either officially or personally My association with the State Hospitals has only these objects to serve To alleviate as far as I possibly can the distressing conditions of the insane in whom I am deeply interested, to keep Hospital Management outside the range of political influence and political interference and to see to it that an honest value [*5479*][[shorthand]][*STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER NOV 30 10 43 AM 1900 ALBANY*] [shorthand] THE YOUTH'S COMPANION. 55. East 76. St. New York. 27. 11. 1900. [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED. DEC 3 1900 Filed by ___*] Dear Governor:-- I am delighted that you see the value of the Presidential topic. Your article will make the header in a group we are arranging under the head of "The Ship of State." James Boyce is writing on the Queen and her prerogatives, and for the same series we [*5481*]PS. Does your household receive the Companion regularly? If not I shall be delighted to have it sent ( a complimentary copy) to any address you desire. expect an article of Speaker Henderson. May we count on having yours in hand before March? Wishing you and yours a happy Thanksgiving. I am, with high regards, Always yours faithfully William H. Rideing To His Excellency Gov. Theodore Roosevelt [*5482*]on you, in Albany- or New York, on Friday of this week, or the 8th, 9th, or 10th of December at any time you might name. Yours respectfully. Stanton Cort [*[Coit?]*] EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 3 1900 Filed by HOTEL MAJESTIC NEW YORK Nov 28. 1900. Dear Sir, Mr. Jacob Riis has very kindly given me the enclosed letter of introduction. I should like to consult you as to what work an "ethical lecturer" might do in the political party life EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 3 1900 Filed by Nov 28 1900 My dear Governor You know of Dr. Stanton Coit who started and was the first social settlement in New York, but has since lived in London. Here he is. He is a great admirer of you, and therefore, if on no other ground, a friend of mine. I can not let him go back to England without seeing you, as he wants to badly enough, if occasion can be [???]. I make the occasion, and believe you will not regret it. Ever yours Jacob A Riis 5483of this country. For ten years, I have been the leader- if I may say so- of the Ethical Movement in England. But during the last three years- since public thought has turned towards international adjustments- I have become painfully American in sentiment, and feel as if I could not continue 5484 to live in England. Besides, my social interests have become more political; but, as I never could become a British subject, I am barred out from political activity there. Yet I need some one like yourself to advise me. [???] until I became acquainted with your career, I had supposed there was no haven for anyone to do ethical service in American politics. If you have a spare half hour, I could call [*155*] Adjutant General's Office, Washington, November 28, 1900. MacArthur, Manila. Your Chief Quartermaster reported to Quartermaster General, transport GRANT sails via Taku. Chaffee states Taku closed ice. If true must make other disposition Mexicans and Ordnance and Ordnance stores and transport GRANT sail via Hong Kong, Nagasaki. It is desirable to have her San Francisco as quickly as possible to make needed repairs so as to permit her return in due time. Suggest that you correspond with General Chaffee concerning Mexicans and Ordnance. Corbin. -o0o-United States Senate, Washington, D.C., Nov, 28, 1900. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 5 1900 Filed by______ Dear Theodore:- I send you under another cover an oration which my friend Mr. Stephen O'Meara of the Boston Journal delivered last Fourth of July. I want you to do me this favor to read it over, for it is admirably written and preaches a doctrine in which you and I very cordially believe. I think it also is to be sold that it preaches it in a fine manner and in exceptionally good English. Mr. O'Heara has been for years of your most through and cordial supporters, He now controls the Journal, and if you could write him a line about his option I know it would gratify him extremely, I hate to bother you with things like this, but it is really worth reading. Always yours, H.C [?] Hon. Theodore Roosevelt.[[shorthand]]My sister called to pay her respects to Mrs Roosevalt last week, and regretted that she was unable to see her Sincerely yours [*[McCullen?]*] [???????] To Hon Theodore Roosevelt STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER NOV 30 1900 ALBANY EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 3 1900 Filed by Albany Nov. 28. 1900 My dear Mr Governor I stopped in to call upon you this morning but found that you had returned to New York. You may remember that I am under contract to give you a Sunday dinner before you leave Albany. I see that you will not be 5487have only a few men half a dozen to meet you but I wish to set up a friend from the City, I can not promise you very much from my establishment here but still I wish you to understand that you have been treated with proper consideration. Before asking you I have experimented on Parker Ch J. and OBrien and Haight JJ- they never survived. able to give me a Sunday so I write to you to ask if you can give me the pleasure of your company at dinner on Friday of next week at half past seven. I have suggested Friday because Saturday is a sort of [????], but if that day will not be convenient for you, please give me a day the week following, I shall 5488service to take effect Dec. 1st. No explanations have been given to him for this action & both he & his friends as you may well believe have been deeply hurt by this seeming injustice. He feels that it is a blow at his honor & a stain upon his reputation both of which are especially dear to Saratoga, Nov. 28th 1900 [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBERS, ANSWERED, DEC 8 1900 Filed by*] My dear Gov. Roosevelt For a week past it has been my intention to either call upon you or write & ask your kind offices in behalf of my brother, Lieut. Col. Russell B. Harrison. As you doubtless know he entered the government service [*5489*]like soon after the outbreak of the war with Spain. He has seized in Jacksonville, Savannah, Santiago & Puerto Rico where he now is. I know he has given his his undivided time & strength to his office, has shirked no duty however onerous, went cheerfully under orders in to the yellow fever district where he contracted the disease which almost cost him his life. Having performed his duties to the best of his ability he is entitled to consideration & certainly justice. Two weeks ago without any word of warning he was notified by the Adjutant General of the Army that he had been mustered out of the [*5490*]I am not asking too much in begging that you will use that influence to have the War Department re-instate my brother Hoping that in the midst of your many pressing duties you will be able to give this matter your personal attention & thanking you in advance for anything you may do I remain Yours sincerely (Mrs J.R.) Mary Harrison McKee 178--Union Ave. Saratoga, N.Y. MLM him, as well as the rest of us. It is especially hard on him because he had fully expected to remain in the service for some months at best & had invited his family to join him in San Juan. He had naturally made no plans or calculations. [*5491*]for returning to civil life at once & consequently the stunning blow comes to him & his family with well nigh crushing effect. He is not here to plead his own cause & I am sure you will forgive the love of a sister in pleading it for him. I naturally turn to you, Governor, by reason of our former acquaintance & because of the regard that I know you have for my Father & his family. I know I can appeal to your sense of justice in dealing with a comrade who gave his best services to the government in time of need. I also know you have great influence with the administration & I hope [*5492*] [11-28?-00] POSTAL TELEGRAPH-CABLE COMPANY Albert B. Chandler, President. J. O. Stevens, Sec'y. Wm. [H.?] Baker, V.P. & G.M. In Connection with THE COMMERCIAL CABLE COMPANY. John W. MacKay, President. Albert Beck, Sec'y. Geo. G. Ward, V.P. & G.M. T E L E G R A M The Postal Telegraph-Cable Company transmits and delivers this message subject to the terms and conditions printed on the back of this blank. Number 1 ny Sent by Mh Rec'd by Wn Check 15 Paid Received at 46 State Street, Albany, N.Y. (Telephones 5060 & 409 D.) Nov [28?] 190 Dated Newburgh ny 28 To Hon. Theodore Roosevelt Albany ny The twelfth was conditioned on being satisfactory to you How would luncheon on seventh do? B. B. Odell Jr 536p STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER NOV 30 1042 AM 1900 ALBANY HOWARD TOWNSEND 32 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK. November 28, 1900 Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, N.Y. Dear Teddy: I have your letter of November 27th enclosing a letter of introduction to Hon. B. B. Odell. Thank you very much for it. I shall go to see him in the next day or two. I am very much amused at your description of yourself as a "setting sun". From my knowledge of your itinerary this summer and autumn I should say there was a good deal of heat left in you yet. I am looking forward with anticipations of much pleas- ure to seeing you "setting" in the Vice-Presidential chair in the Senate during a warm debate. Believe me Sincerely your, Howard Townsend 5494HEADQUARTERS 1st DISTRICT DEPARTMENT NORTHERN LUZON. Vigan, Luzon,P.I.,November 28, 1900. Dear Roosevelt:- Lieutenant-Colonel Howze has done splendid work in the Philippines and I am anxious to secure some reward for him. Colonel Hare was fittingly rewarded for his services in pur- suit and relief of the Gillmore party. Lieutenant-Colonel Howze performed hard work in that same pursuit and relief, and was equally deserving of high recognition as reported by hare . A study of the reports rendered by both these gallant and deserving officers shows this fact. Previous to starting on this last 'chase' Howze led the final charge, after dark, on the fortifications of the enemy in Tan- gadan Pass December 4th, 1899,- this last [???] commanded by me in person in my campaign and chase after Aguinaldo and for the release of the American and Spanish prisoners, which charge, in my opinion, was the most daring and essentially necessary piece of work of the whole campaign. Howze would like the detail of Commandant of Cadets on expira- tion of the term of the present incumbent June 15th, 1901, and I am anxious to have him detailed. This would, in a measure, be a recognition of his gallant and successful services in the field, and better, it would, like the detail of Mills as Superintendent, be a great object lesson to the Military Cadets, showing recognit- ion by the government for hard, conscientious and valiant services in the field. Aside from all this Howze is peciliarly and thorough- ly well equipped by nature, education and experience for the posi- tion. He has been twice on duty as tactical officer at the Academy; 5495#2 and the Commandant is the head of the tactical department. His services in Cuba you know of from personal observation.His services in Luson have been surpassed by none and equalled by only one of his rank, so far as I know, both in military operations and in the formation and organization of civil government as commander of a province. He is thoroughness and energy combined. He is now thirty-six years old, with an iron constitution and most exemplary in his life and habits. I always fall in love with an officer who serves his country so loyally, ably and uncomplainingly with soul and body, regardless of hardships, deprivations and rewards, which he has surely done. I recommended Howzr for Brigadier-General of Volunteers at the same time I recommended Hare. I will write to Major-General Corbin asking that this detail be given to Howze. It will be great for the country and great for the Military Academy to have two such gallant and successful soldiers as Mills and Howze for Superintendent and Commandant respectively. We rejoiced greatly over the success of the Republican ticket and are all strongly impressed with the belief that you are personally responsible for the winning of at least four of the Middle Western States over to the support of the administration. The country and the Republican party in particular owe a debt of gratitude which can only be paid by making you President in 1904. I trust you are fully rested and recovered from the tiresome effects of the political campaign. As for me, I am in excellent health and my troops are doing [*5496*]#3 hard work in the mountains. I have not the slightest information as to the intentions of the department concerning my future movements or station. There seems to be no outlook from a chance to win the "two stars" in the past assigned me by Otis at the close of last years campaign. The spring and summer have worn away but the [???] is still tender. The force under my command has been materially increased of late and vigorous efforts will be made to accomplish successful results that prevent [???]. To pressure a force of 200 or 300, more or less, into a jungle where my troops have to start the growth to get through and keep together for self protection. and then to emerge and find nothing but peasants scantily clad hard at work harvesting rice- apparently innocent and knowing nothing whatever of any insurgents is discouraging. It is more discouraging to hear officers in charge of these various detachments who allow themselves and their soldiers to be hoodwinked by their ignorant but crafty Maylays (child-devils). I am now about to apply the remedial measures that proved successful with the Apaches (if permitted) I sincerely wish and hope for your continued good health and advancement to the high honor- the highest any nation can give- which you have fairly won. Faithfully S M Young [*5497*]game shooting, to see yr man & shoot him before he sees you. It almost ceases to be war in the accepted terms of the phrase Roberts, in my humble opinion is too easy, Kitchner, who is cold steel may adopt different measures. Grant said "War is hell" & he knew what he was talking about. If you are going to boil a man it is better for him to put him into water at a temperature of 212 at once than to put him into cold water & raise it to boiling point [*POST & TELEGRAPH FORRES & [?]*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by*] [*[11-29-00]*] 29 Nov 0 ALTYRE, FORRES, N.B. My dear Roosevelt My congratulations to you. You seem to have had a busy time & a rough one. Its a poor game when you are attacked & cant strike back I suppose you are real glad it is all over & you can sit on yr tail & rest a bit Well, in [few] a few days I expect to be ordered off to S. A again to be sniped at. The game now approaches more to big [*5498*]The cold water plan is what we seem to be trying. Our side is beginning to understand the game now & in most engagements we come off top dog as far as numerical losses. There is much talk of Army Reforms over here. I have heard the same thing before. But in a short time it will die out. The HUNTER (I write his name in Capitals) is the man of the future war. But where is he to come from now game is wiped out. See yr game before it sees you was always an axiom in the hunt. [*5499*] Where is the keen eye, ever on the look out for sign or meat, the instinct to take advantage of every bit of cover, the knowledge of range, the use of the telescope, where are they to be obtained sane when on the trail Where will men of the type if yr good Rough Riders be in 50 years. Why, handing old Charon a nickel to ferry them over the Styx. Sending is the thing in the presentthat I was kept on the run all day, & sent for to decide knotty points, as well as being kept to top of high hills to send down bihourly reports, till my eyes got so bad from effect of cold wind blowing between object glass & my eye, that at last I had to provide myself with a bottle of Cocaine, & at intervals dope my eyes When I go out this time I shall try & get a Staff Billet [*5500*] 2/ [* POST & TELEGRAPH FORRES & MILES*] ALTYRE, FORRES, NB. [*[11-29-00]*] war. When I went down to S.A. I had a very first class telescope & having used one all my life, I, to a certain extent understand the use of it. Mine was one of the few in my division every one else having binoculars, the difference between the 2 being as great as the range of the old Winchester & the present Maven or Lee Metford. The result waswhich will be a much softer job Am not sound on my feet yet but can do quite a bit of work if I have a horse between my legs I would have written you long ago but knew you had lots of other things to do than read frivolous letters. Should you in course of next few years find time to drop me a line, believe me it will be very welcome. For yourself, Mrs Roosevelt & family pray accept - my very best wishes for the coming year Yr triumphant career I will ever watch with interest Yours very truly Walter Gordon Cumming This as been about the best grouse hunting year on recordtable, as well as at the hearth- and in our hearts- for you. We shall be little more than an extended home circle, without ceremony or publicity, so that if you can drop in on us, you will be thoroughly welcome & "at home". With kindest regards to Mrs. Roosevelt, Believe me Sincerely Yours Walter M B[???] EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 4 1900 Filed by B 172 West 75th [??] Nov 30th 1900 My dear Governor, Your very good note of the 27th inst. is at hand. Mrs By[??] & I appreciate how very much pressed for time you must be at present. We feel, however, that both you and Mrs Roosevelt would enjoy the genius and intellectuality of the "divine Sarah". Pray let us say to you therefore, that if "you or either of you" (as the law has it) shall be able to run in on us any time Sunday Dec 9th after 105 P.M. -there will be a place at the 5501books which we propose selling at the Brearsey League Entertainment, in aid of a very worthy cause, supported by the graduates of this school - I have sent some volumes by express prepaid and will ask you to [*5503*] [*[11-30-00]*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 4 1900 Filed by...*] To his Excellency the Governor of New York My dear Mr. Roosevelt I am encouraged by the enclosed note of introduction I ask a great favor of you - we want your autograph in some of your return them to me with your valued signature - (the charges to be C.O.D.) I feel I am asking a great deal but I shall be proportionally grateful. Very truly yours Elizabeth Marshall Hoffman. November 30th Address Miss Hoffman 116 West 43rd St - [shorthand]LAW OFFICES OF HOLLS, WAGNER & BURGHARD. 120 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. FREDERICK WM HOLLS. LOUIS A. WAGNER. EDWARD M. BURGHARD. November 30th, 1900. Dear Governor Roosevelt:- I am very sorry to hear that you will be neither in Washington nor at the Pennsylvania Society dinner, but under the circumstances I shall make a necessary visit to Washington and be gone most of that week. I am very anxious, however, not only to have a talk , if possible, with you along with Shaw and Butler, but also to introduce to you a very interesting and important German who is traveling here, namely: Professor von Halle of the University of Berlin. I have known him for some years. He is not only a professor at the University but is also attached to the Imperial German Navy Department and is perhaps as close to the German Emperor as anyone. He is really the author of many of the Emperor's proclamations and arguments about the increase of the German Navy. He is also a very competent judge of international affairs and his knowledge of this country is marvelous. He has traveled here repeatedly and is now writing an economic history of the South. He is extremely anxious to make your personal acquaintance but with your great number of engagements I should think it would only be possible sometime at lunch, when you are in the city, and if you will indicate a day I would be glad to arrange to have Professor Halle meet you at lunch at the LavYers' Club. Consul-General Buens, who you already know, is another man whom I have promised to secure an interview whenever practicable. If necessary, we can combine the two. I make these suggestions knowing full well how very likely it will be impossible for you to follow any of them. I shall understand perfectly and know that you will not take my making the suggestions amiss. Have you still decided to go hunting immediately after New Years or will you be available during January? I understand that the Administration is making a de sperate effort to secure the ratification of the Hay-Pauncefete 5504LAW OFFICES OF HOLLS, WAGNER & BURGHARD, 120 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. FREDERICK WM HOLLS. LOUIS A.WAGNER. EDWARD M.BURGHARD. 2. Treaty but this is very ill-advised, for the reason that inasmuch as the Democrats are committed against it by their national platform, and their opposition alone would be sufficient to defeat it, the Administration ought not to expose itself to anything which could be considered a rebuff. Hoping that you are very well and with many sincere regards, Very faithfully yours, [*Frederick W Holls*] 5505(Extract copy.) Vigan, P.I., November 30, 1900. My dear Howze:- At the General's direction and with much pleasure I enclose copies of letters he has sent to General Corbin and Colonel Roosevelt. x x x n xx He (the General) speaks of your services more warmly than he writes and believes you to deserve the greater part of the credit for Gilmore's release and told several Naval Officers so. Yet I suppose he does not wish to detract any way from the honors given to Hare. I think you can count on his active assistance in any thing you want at any time. You would make a fine "Com." _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _with you there I should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ etc. x x x x Yours, (Signed.) Howard. 5506[Enc. in Howze 12-24-00]125 EAST 36th STREET. Nov 30 1900- Dear Theodore Miss Hoffman who sends you her request about your books is a sister in law of Bill Drapersand anything or anybody can see to write him is of great interest to me. If you can grant her request it will be a favor to her and to me Faithfully yours Alexander Lau(?) 55071730 BROADWAY. New York Nov. 30.,1900 Dear Theodore Did you ever hear of that aspiring man who wanted to have all the virtues of Christ without any of his faults? It seems to me not impossible that Ted's aspirations - and perhaps your's for him - may be touched with a flavor of that spirit. Your letter is very interesting to me. Knowing you I had concluded that Ted could not be a quarrelsome or hectoring chap, but it seemed to me from what I heard of him, that he had undertaken an unnecessary and unprofitable burden of com- [*5509*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 8 1900 Filed by*] HOTEL MANHATTAN HAWK & WETHERBEE 30 Nov 1900 My dear Governor I send you by this mail a few extracts from my recent writings on the Boer war, which I hope may prove interesting to you. Except in the article, "The Boers as Organisers" I have sought only the picturesque and dramatic [???] aspects of my campaign. I and also one of my articles written in 1894 in "[???] of Fire". The conclusions I arrive at, you will recognize, are simply those of common-sense; yet had the British Army authorities reasoned out the matter on these lines, they would have been spared half their blunders in South Africa and would have saved the lives of many thousand men "ultimately sent to Hades", as Homer says. As I have no other copy of this last article I beg you [*5508*]will oblige me by returning it. As to the question we talked about of my entering the service of the United States, I say frankly, as one soldier to another, that nothing could be dearer to my heart, and if you are able to secure the matter you will not merely have strengthened the natural feeling of sympathy & liking which I entertain towards you, but you will make me your eternal friend, & that is the word of a man who has never lost a friend yet in this world. Of course I could not expect in the U. S. Army the rank I held with the Boers, but that is a question which you will be able to deal with, with due regard to the service I am qualified to render. That service is indeed the basis of my credentials, for I believe I have seen more good work even than most Colonels, & I would do my best to earn distinction with every chance of active fighting I could get. I believe I was born a soldier, & I want to die a soldier. With my kind regards, & my homage to Mrs Roosevelt, Believe me Sincerely yours Arthur Lynch combativeness and was wearing out his spirit in labors that wouldn't really do him much good. Christ, a dauntless person, and in certain particular exceedingly aggressive, ignored physical force and never used it nor countenanced it - except possibly a show of it when he drove the money changers out of the temple. His example is somewhat perplexing, & maybe too high for us. Take Lincoln, a wrestler, an athlete, an ambitious man, but gentle all his life, a man with very little vanity, a meek man like Ceaser, a pacifier, a man who disarmed envy and jealousy, whom his rivals3 1730 BROADWAY. all have to do that. What I would fear if he were mine is that his valiant spirit would wear out its shell, but very likely there is no danger of that. My chap is a philosopher and I don't think him apt either seek battle or refuse it. As for his poor old father he needs more fresh air. More old gentlemanly sports like golf, better guts, far better ears, & more ginger generally. It is pretty sad about him, for he is far, far from being the sort of man he would wish to be. This is far from being an adequate answer to [*5511*] 2 1730 BROADWAY. like Stanton, were compelled to love. Yet a man of absolute courage. He wore no man's scalp at his belt. He never except in sport beat a man for the sake of beating him. He came to the top in a great competition as all great leaders must, but he made his progress by tending to business and meeting that cause. Take Seward, not so great a man, but still a great one. In reading his life last summer I was struck by his imperturbable amiability. He was a sweet-tempered creature, very slight in physique, killing vows by his good humor, yet a [*5510*]leader in the very front of a cause that was fought more bitterly than any course our country has known. And Seward stood by his guns. Mentally he was as bold as he was adroit. Most of us are always prepared to fight for what we think is right, but we take that for granted. I don't believe but that Ted will find it feasible to be just as good as he knows how without having to down all the boys in sight. But no doubt Ted will work out all right. He is probably simply working out what is in him. and we your letter, which, as I said interested me very greatly. Good luck to you, sometime I hope to see you & Mrs Roosevelt at Groton or somewhere & meet Ted. Sincerely Edw. S. Martinpossible interest in seeing our Child introduced. to the world under the most favorable auspices. Do, therefore, come if it is a possible thing. We shall lunch at this house, at half past one. [???] Truly Your G. L. [???] [*[Rives?]*] To Hon: Theodore Roosevelt & &c Oyster Bay. 5512 EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 4 1900 Filed by 14 WEST 38TH STREET. My dear Roosevelt, I have to thank you for your note saying that you thought you could surely lunch with me on Wednesday, the 12th. of December, to meet Mr. Odell and the members of the Charter Commission. I have accordingly written to Mr. Odell accepting hissuggestion of a lunch on that day, instead of a dinner, and then sending formal notification to the Commissioners accordingly. I know, of course, how difficult it must be for you to give up a day in the middle of the week, - but it seems to be the only day and hour available to the Governor-elect. I hope you will make every effort to come, partly because I should like to repay in some small degree your many acts of kindness, but also - and perhaps chiefly- because I think you may thus help to secure for our work a more candid and unprejudiced examination that it might otherwise receive, We have all worked tremendously hard for the past few months, and we all very naturally feel the greatestNov 30th [00] HAVARD CLUB 27 WEST 44th STREET My dear Col. Roosevelt. I received your note yesterday. I shall be delighted to accept your invitation to spend Wednesday evening with you at Albany. Very sincerely Guy H. Scull 5513A. VON HAAKE Post Office Department Topographer's Office Washington November 30 - 1900 My dear Governor: I thank you very much for your kind letter to the Postmaster General, who informed me of its receipt to day. It enables me to fight my own battle before the Committees of Congress with the sanction of the Department. Again my sincere thanks. Faithfully Yours, A. von Haake 5514[*[ca 11-30-00]*] EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 8 1900 STATE OF NEW YORK EXECUTIVE CHAMBER NOV 30 1042 AM 1900 ALBANY Filed by UNION LEAGUE CLUB NEW YORK Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, New York. My dear Governor: On the morrow we celebrate by official designation a day of thanksgiving. While I joyfully join with one and all in gratitude for our National and State prosperity, I am especially grateful to God for the priceless friendships of life; among them I cherish none more highly than yours. I appreciate deeply your more than busy life and the unlimited party and other public demands made upon you; hence I hesitate to trespass upon your time by even reading this note, but I thought it might possibly be restful for you to stop a minute to remember a friend who does not ask, neither does he expect to ask of you any political favor, but, my dear Governor, I do earnestly ask you not to forget me. With continued friendship I hope we may many times meet in good fellowship as of yore. So thankful that friendships can and do reach beyond mere politics. With every good wish for your own dear self and bespeaking the largest measure of success in your new field of political and public usefulness, I am Faithfully yours [*John W. Vroonian*] Wednesday afternoon. 5515EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC [?] 1900 Filed by ARMY AND NAVY CLUB. OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. Nov 30th 1900. His Excellency Gov Roosevelt Dear Governor. Will you please let me know when you are in New York. With high regard Sincerely your friend Joseph W[???] 5516[??] to say we don't know how long we are to be here and [??] [??] the time to come. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 5 1900 Filed by HEADQUARTERS DIVISION OF CUBA. HAVANA. November 30, 1900 Col. Theodore Roosevelt. Governor of New York Albany. N. Y. Dear Theodore:- Your note just received. I have just returned from Florida. Only a line to tell you that I thank you so much for your interest and efforts on my behalf. I really cannot understand the delay or the reason for it. The subject of this letter, however, is about your coming to Cuba. I want you to come down and bring Mrs. Roosevelt with you if possible. Then you can both with Mrs. Wood and I take a trip together around the Island, at least over to Santiago. You 5517will not have any time to do this after you go into office in March, at least not until too late to do it with safety, so make it a point to come down as soon as you can and let me know when to expect you and I will make all my arrangements for the trip. This invitation is sincere; we want you to come and hope you will do so. With kindest regards and best wishes Yours as ever [*Leman Wood*] [*[Wood]*] [*Do come without fail many things to talk to give you [??] & you can [???] see the island. under here [???] [???], that 5518confer. If you are to be there and wish to improve your mind by having me stay at the "Mansion" I will be graciously pleased to condescend to do so provided I am advised to that effect at the Knickerbocker Club 319 Fifth Avenue by Wednesday morning All of which is respec ly submitted yrs WAW [*[Wadsworth?]*] "THE HOMESTEAD," GENESEO, LIVINGSTON COUNTY, N.Y. November 30th 1900 Dear Theodore I don't remember exactly what I wrote you officially but I guess it was about right and stand by it. I don't quite agree with you in the Lansdowner matter; personally I can [writ] outvote him on the Commission but you appointed him and he is the incarnation of all such things in politics as you are supposed to stand against, and which the belief [*5519*]What Odell at the Senate or others do does not concern you, but if [they] you refuse to act they will naturally say. Why should we interfere? This is one of T. R.'s patent, private, pure politics, appointments. Let us look on. And invite others to see the circus. I am going to strike Albany Wednesday evening or Thursday morning (The Commission meets Thursday noon] and we can that you really do stand against is one of your greatest (I think far the greatest) sources of strength. You told the Board when you appointed them that you would have no low politics in its management, and not one man has tried it but him, he has tried it from the very beginning and is trying it now, and he has caused a serious scandal, the end of which is not yet. So I think you should request him to resign, and clear your skirts. [*5520*][ca Nov. 1900] THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. Incorporated. 21,000 Offices in America. Cable Service to all the World. Thos. T. Eckert, President and General Manager. Number 345 Sent by CB Rec'd by Jm Check 29 Paid RECEIVED at 190 Dated Excutive [Executive] Mansion Canton O 7 To Hon Theo Roosevelt I hearty appreciate your kind expressions I congratulate you upon concluding in one of the most memoable [memorable] campaigns in our political history William McKinley[*PF*] [*[Nov? 1900]*] UNITED STATES PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. My dear Theodore, My congratulations, though late, are none the less heartfelt. The magnificent victory in the states of the Far West and in New York is elegant testimony to the good which you have done. The party for whom you made a great sacrifice will not forget it. I have no doubt that you will be the nominee in 1904 and I earnestly and sincerely hope that you will be. The conditions here are getting better every day and while [*5522*] our prophesy in August that the election of McKinley would end the insurrection in sixty days may not quite be realized, it will not be much beyond that time. I think the time will be at hand, when this letter reaches you to give the military an auxiliary position and to make the civil authority supreme. The time has come when the military can be rather more efficient as [??] army if relieved of civil duties. The army officer is not fitted for civil authority; he is utterly incapable of working without friction with civil officers. He must be a subordinate to be tolerable. I shall not bore you with a recital of our difficulties [*5523*]growing solely out the jealousy of Gen. MacArthur of our expertise of our powers and his fears lest we might step beyond the line of our jurisdiction. I did not think it possible that in the pursuit of a great and common object a commanding officer would be so willing to waste time and energy in the discussion of small points of jurisdiction. It really seems that he thinks it of more importance to make the Commission "keep off the grass" than he does to subdue the insurgents. In such a work as this which is largely political one would think he would be glad to have the advice of men of much greater political experience than he has, but it is reason enough for him to reject any suggestion that we make it. There is not the slightest apparent desire on his part to cooperate with us to bring the disturbed conditions to an end. He told us that our coming was a personal humiliation to him and since we have differed with him in some things, he has become [?]. MacArthur is a pleasant sincere, straightforward gentleman, but trained in the red tapes of the Adjutant General's office and the harrowing life of an army post so that for years he has not had anything of more importance to besides that petty questions of rank and administrative jurisdiction. He has no[t]ne of the brilliant decisiveness of a genius like that of Newton. He is slow ploddingVicomte De Tocqueville Ancien Depute Conseiller General de la Manche [*5526*] 17. rue Victa (Avenue de Villiers) Courlaville [*[ca Nov 1900?]* ] UNITED STATES PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. hard working and timid, afraid of a Congressional investigation, and conversely that ten years of military government are the best for this people, [I read] He is really quick in only one thing and that is in resenting the slightest fancied infringement of his jurisdiction. All the business I have to do with him now I do rather by letter or through his subordinates. The people are praying for the military government to end need as am I. If Congress will pass the Spooner bill, I [*5524*] am sure that we can improve matters by leaps and bounds, but the army must be relegated to the auxiliary place. Its control is less arbitrary than that of the Spaniards, but it is about as far from civil government as we know it as it can possibly be. The work here is full of interest, though how we are going to do all we have to do is a perplexing question. I am glad to say that thus far Mrs Taft and the children have all kept well. We are very pleasantly situated on the bay. Please present my [*5525*]warm remembrances to Mrs Roosevelt and sending congratulations to you both in which Mrs Taft joins me, believe me, Cordially & sincerely yours Wm H Taft. The Honorable Theodore Roosevelt Governor of new York peur aux J'adresser à Monsieur Roosevelt jai plus sympathetiques félicitations a l'occasion de son brillant succès electoral, qui regare aux états-unis de celles années de prospérité its author. It is just people of the "Urban" stripe, and just such misstatements than often cause unpleasant and unnecessary friction between two Countries. Very respectfully Yours "Urban" Morris Baer [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 4 1900 Filed by..*] Hotel Traymore Atlantic City NJ December 1. 1900: His Excellency Governor Roosevelt Albany N.Y. Permit me to call your attention to an undoubtedly gross, if not malicious misstatement published about you int he enclosed issue of "Die Zukunft." While the entire article fairly teems with what can hardly be other but intentional inaccuracies, not the least of which is the almost belittling of the services rendered our Country by you during the recent war, I desire [*5527*]only to point out the following sentence, appearing in quotation marks, as your very words, on page 73, which I herewith translate: "We can lick the whole world, if we want to, and we shall do it, too; we must have the prestige of war- the gory prestige of war. Who does not believe that, is no true American." As the "ZuKunft" is the leading weekly publication of Germany, read especially by the thinking and progressive element, I think the statement, which is not unlikely to cause not only you, but the Republican Party, and, indeed, the [Government] nation to appear in a wrong light, ought not to go unchallenged. You have better faculties at your command than I to have the proper correction made, but, if you wish it, I will take pleasure in contradicting the statement myself. You will note that (what lends some color to this affair) the article emanates from this Country, a certain Henry F. Urban, the New York correspondent of the ZuKunft, being [*5528*]2 action in the So. States. As conditions now are and it seems will probably be there is no one who is personally more interested in the next Presidency than you and I think but fear, persons who can do more in some parts of the south in bringing about a change in political conditions in some of the Southern States - than myself - Confidential [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 4 1900 Filed by...*] New York 202 West 80 st Dec 1st 1900 Gov Theodore Roosevelt Albany - New York Dear Sir You will remember me and my communications to you last Summer - If agreeable to you I would be glad to have a confidential talk with you on the same line of thought and probable [*5529*]the next Presidency, or as the person whom the people favorably regard for the place and the time, to bring about the changed condition with the cooperation of the President and with Mr Hanna than any one I shall be in New York a few days, and if I could have an interview (confidential & with you without attracting any notice from the newspapers it would 3 the commencement of a new administration will afford the best opportunity for such policy as will bring about this result I took no part in the late canvass and I am therefore in a position to suggest advice and act in accord with this idea and you as the candidate for the [*5530*]5 promote the object referred to the least it would determine whether it would be possible for such line of policy to be pursued or would change the present political conditions in the So. States. Very respectfully William [???] Ex US 202 [??????] [*5531*][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED, DEC 4 1900 Filed by _*] WILLIAMS COLLEGE, WILLIAMSTOWN, MASS. Dec 1", 1900. Dear Governor Roosevelt, We were to have an address at our commencement on Wednesday evening June 24" from some distinguished speaker. It will be a new venture in out anniversary. It is my privilege to invite you to be the speaker this year. The honorarium for [*5532*]the service will be two hundred dollars. If you can accept the invitation, it will afford us great pleasure if you will remain and receive us (Wednesday morning the degree voted you last spring and also be present at our alumni dinner - an early reply will greatly oblige us. With highest esteem I am very sincerely yours, Franklin Carter. [*5533*][*156*] Taku, China, Received December 1, 1900. 7.41 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. December 1st. Number 95. The following casualties have occurred since last report: November 26th at Tien Tsin, Albert Carter, Co.C, 15th Infantry, dysentery. Chaffee. -o0o- Pekin, China, Received December 3, 1900. 12.03 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. December 3rd; Number 96. Following letter, in substance, addressed Waldersee to-day: "Having heard that astronomical instruments are being removed from Observatory, an officer my staff went there yesterday and on return confirms report; Have honor inform your Excellency my Government would vehemently denounce any officer of its service who might enter upon spoilation of this sort, and it will sincerely regret to learn that any nation with which it co-operated to relieve besieged legations Pekin, authorizes or permits its troops to injure or remove any instruments or other part of Observatory. As commander of one of the four co-operating columns which relieved legations, August 14th, I make to you respectful protest in this matter and shall inform my Government of the fact." Chaffee. -o0o- 5534M. A. HANNA, Ohio, Chairman. PERRY S. HEATH, Indiana, Secretary. CORNELIUS N. BLISS, New York, Treasurer. VOLNEY W. FOSTER, Illinois, Ass't Treasurer. EDWIN F. BROWN, Illinois, Sub. Treasurer. GEO. N. WISWELL, Wisconsin, Sergeant-at-Arms. Republican National Committee Western Headquarters 223 Michigan Avenue Executive Committee Chicago Henry C Payne of Wisconsin Vice-Chairman Peny S. Heath of Indiana Secretary Richard C. Kerens of Missouri Graema Stewart of Illinois Harry S. New of Indiana Executive Committee New York Joseph H. Manley of Maine N. B. Scott of West Virginia Fred S. Gibbs of New York Franklin Murphy of New Jersey Cornelius N. Bliss of New York Chicago, Illinois 1800 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, D. C., December 1, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, (Personal) Albany, New York. My dear Governor: I have just returned from a week's stay in Utah, and find your favor of the 27th ultimate inbehalf of Mr. Nevin of St. Louis. I had presented, through my secretary, this subject to Postmaster General Smith some days since, and had believed the arrangement perfected before this time; but I will myself take the subject before the Postmaster General on next Monday. This seems to me to be a case of great merit. I do not doubt that I shall succeed in securing him a position in some direction. Yours faithfully, Perry S. Heath Secretary 5535Balanga, Bataan, Luzon, P.I., December 1st, 1900. Gov. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N.Y. My dear Colonel: My congratulations have been anticipated and, so, should not be repeated - you know very well they are genuine - providing it all means more four years hence. I am sorry tho' for the overwhelming victory, believing it may not conduce to temperate methods, but such is not to be found of Republicans as of Democrats. Yours was, personally, a wonderful campaign and great triumph - from the papers it seemed the campaign. You will think I am always asking something. It seems so to me and I don't like it. Still another. If you are not disgusted by a recent letter, I wish to ask you to recommend me to Judge Taft for a Provincial treasuryship. I called upon him lately and asked for a Provincial judgeship, but he thought my legal experience rather too limited. He spoke of a treasuryship, himself. And I would ask that you especially suggest I be given Cagayan province, if any- [*5536*]You will be pleased to hear that two weeks ago, in the handsomest little battle of my experience since San Juan, my Major - a Regular - mentioned me with four others of thirteen officers present, recommending for a brevet and commission in Regular army. We took a celebrated strong hold, Mt. Nac Byabas, after 4 1/2 hrs. hard fighting. My part was very little. To remain here is not all important to me; it is not a life to be desired, like Hamlet's apothecary "it's my necessities, not my will, consents" - To remain there must be inducement - I sought the honors of a judgeship, rather than the profits of a treasuryship. I practiced law a few years but have not for several. I. know more of its principles than length of practice indicates, as have always kept up my reading from pleasure. But naturally must be judged on the showing. It is very right. I inclose copy of letter of application. Colonel, please do not think compelled to this. Already, I owe you far beyond any possible claim, where, indeed, a claim most existed. I know my recent letter may have offended your sense of propriety and your judgment of my common-sense. Iwould not ask, when it becomes charity, and my faith in you and my obligations shall remain the same and always. Please allow me to remain, Yours devotedly, H. K. Look [*5537*][*[For enc see 11-25-00]*][*1216*] Manila, Received December 1, 1900. 12.28 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Sick in hospital 3286; sick in quarters 1471; .88 per cent. MacArthur. -o0o- Manila, Received December 2, 1900. 7.25 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Service John S.Mallery, (Captain 2d Infantry), Hong Kong practically of very little value as impossible to arrange cooperation with Consul General. Request that I be granted authority to recall him. MacArthur. -o0o- 5538 ST GEORGE'S RECTORY, 209 EAST 16TH STREET New York, December 1, 1900. My dear Governor Roosevelt: It is very kind of you to write as you do, asking me if I have any pamphlet which would give you an outline of my work at St. George's Church. I have, however, nothing of the sort. Each year I publish a report of our work which is quite a volume. I send you the last two volumes, not thinking, of course, for a moment that you should look over them; but in each there is a page turned down, and if at this marking you read for a page or two, you will there find, I think, a record of things that will interest you, and perhaps apply somewhat a key to our work at St. George's. I came there eighteen years ago. I found fourteen families all that was left of the Church, and $35,000. floating debt. I accepted the rectorship on condition that the Church should be made absolutely free. It has remained free. Its membership is over 4,000. A great majority of these are working people, and young working people at that. Most of them have come in from the 5539The Governor, #2 ST GEORGE'S RECTORY, 209 EAST 16th ST. Sunday-School. One year with another we raise nearly $100,000., this not given by a few. I should think the young working people of the Church raise not less than 6 or 7,000 a year, one way or another. I have made an honest study of the conditions of life in our neighborhood. I found them in many ways abnormal. These ab- normalities I have tried in a poor way to minister to in the Church. For instance: there are no opportunities given for the young people - boys and girls - to meet in our East side life, except opportunities where the environment is unfavorable to virtue. Our young people meet in the large Parish building constantly. I suppose we average one dance a week. Years ago these dances needed to be policed by chosen ladies and gentlemen and clergy. the whole standard of conduct has risen immensely; the beahviour of our young people is now exemplary. They conduct their entertainments as they see fit. Our industrial school seeks to supplement the imperfect teaching in the day schools. Our Boy's Battalion catches the lads from 13 up, drills them 5540ST. GEORGE'S RECTORY, 209 EAST 16th ST The Governor, #3 and helps the form a club. Roe told me the other night that he did not think he had seen a regiment in New York go through the manual as smartly as did my boys. Then we have got a large athletic club, and a Men's Club numbering about six hundred men. These are all more or less connected with the Church. Then we have sewing classes, cooking classes, dress-making classes, gymnasium, fancy needlework, classes in hygiene for our working girls. One way or another there must be over 1500 of these coming more or less regularly to the Parish House. My clergy live together at the top of the Building. I have three or four trained ladies at the little Deaconess House opposite the building. These, with an invaluable secretary, form my staff. I pick the best young men I can find leaving the universities, who purpose to themselves to take orders, keep them two or three years under my immediate supervision, and then send them out. I am thankful to say that many of the men who have been with me give promise of leaving their mark. Though some left me quite a number of years ago, I think a strong bond of real affection 5541ST GEORGE'S RECTORY, 209 EAST 16TH ST The Governor, #4 binds us all together still. It is kind of you to care to have this outline. I have made it as brief as I can. Always sincerely yours, W.S. Rainsford I sh? say- tho I don't do much personal attacking business in the religious line - I try and have in my organization- a number of really religious people one more thing - we were asking Tammany to do years ago. I rarely speak on politics, yet the last year has seen cast from our parish building a practically solid reform vote. I don't think five of my men voted for Bryan. out of several hundreds. [*5542*]Charter Revision Commission 280 BROADWAY N. Y. CITY. TELEPHONE, 2934 FRANKLIN December 1, 1900. The Honorable Theodore Roosevelt, Etc., Etc., Albany, N. Y. Sir:- By direction of this Commission, I transmit herewith our final report in relation to the matters referred to us by the Statute under which we were appointed, being Chapter 465 of the Laws of 1900. In concluding our labors, my colleagues and I desire to express to you the assurance of our high appreciation of your personal and official courtesy. I am, Sir, Very Respectfully Yours, [*G L. [????]. President. 5543fileDear Governor-- The indeed Official ballot of the most populous counties in this State, will show you to what depths of political depravity the democratic party leaders have dragged the people of this dear old commonwealth. A State convention has been called to repair or remodel, our constitution, so as to make such atrosities, as this ballet shows, impossible, but the "ring" expects to manipulate it, and while obeying the demands of the people, will go through the forms, merely, and will either adopt the North Carolina plan, or so complicate the ballet a to place the territory in the hands of the "ring"-appointed judges. My "McKinley-Roosevelt" club has reorganised, re-elected our old officers and began afresh to work, looking to our Party's representation in the coming convention, to strengthen our party in every possible way so as to manfully combat for the rights of the people in that convention, and to show a bold party front on every line where our presence is needed. I hope that the Administration will strengthen our hands and aid us in our righteous defense of our liberties and of honest State government. To our disadvantages, I regret to say, we have a decayed and decrepid State organization, and our committees have been in office till each man feels that the office inheres to his, by right, and and he has nothing to do buy fold his hands and wait. We can do nothing to improve our machinery till we can have another Republican State Convention, but then we propose to put some active workers on our Committees, and in the future our tactics shall be more aggressive than it has been in the past. We largely increased the white republican vote in the County at the last election, and by wise management we shall soon bring the majority to us. Mr. Gibbons, or Congressional nominee, while being a gentlemen and a good fellow, was wholly passive in the campaign, and did not even visit either of the four counties on this side of the mountain, but confined himself to his home in the valley, and had the mortification, of losing his term and County by large odds. He ran far behind the Presidential ticket. The Congressional nomination was offered to me, but for reasons before given you, I declined: but from all directions the word come to me, that I must make the race for Congress in 1902, and if I do, promise to make an active and vigorous campaign. In 1904, I propose to give you the vote of Virginia in the NationalGov. T. R. Charlottesville, Va Convention, and if supported by the Administration, in the meantime, I propose to give you Virginia's electoral vote for President of the United States at the close of that campaign. That I may be strengthened for this work, I think I should be given a commission in the Government service, such as Collector of Internal Revenue, or Marshall, or some work which would take me among the people, where I could do work all the time. I wish you would talk this matter over with the President, who knows me well, and have me placed where I can best serve my Country and advance the cause of good Government. Please to not consider me an "office seeker" through Government appointment, for if I seek office at all, for the sake of the office, it will be at the hands of The People, but I feel that you appreciate the wisdom of the course I have suggested above, and that you will seriously consider it. Most sincerely and truly, yours, Theos Rosset Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Vice-President elect, of the United States, and Governor of New York, Albany, New York.[For enc see 12-1-00]Grace Parish founded A.D 1864 312 West First Street, Elmira, New York. Dec 1, 1900. My dear Governor Roosevelt: Will you han the to let me send you the accompanying article (From a tiny magazine of Boston) concerning Charles I. of England, as a gentle protest against some rather violent phrases of your "Cromwell"? I think you have misunderstood the regard some of us cherish for the memory of that unhappy King; and I beg you to bring that it involves neither contradiction of histories facts nor disloyalty to American ideals. Indeed, I have cherished a fancy that if you had lived then, you would have followed Prince Rupert - nay, rather, have outstripped of him! Be that as it may, it is surely matter for gratitude that we have you in this day which needs honesty and courage and loyalty, and finds them all in - mate in you. Mugwump as I am, I am me of the thousands who voted for your first and only incidentally for President McKinley. Please God, we shall have your name at the head in 1904. With pleasant memory of Holland Society gatherings and other encounters. I am your excellancy's faithful servant, William Harman Van Allen[For enc see 12-1-00][Column#1] Official ballot for Election Tuesday For President of the United States William McKinley of Ohio. for vice-president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt of New York, for electors at large for the state of Virginia Warren S. Lurty of Rockingham county George W. Butler of Warwick county District Electors For First District S.B. Hardwick of Westmoreland For second district John J. Deyer of Southampton county for Third district Jonas Marcu[?]e of Richmond city for Fourth district R. Bolling Wilcox of Prince George for Fifth district M.D. Martin of Carroll county for sixth district Jacob Baer of Roanoke county for seventh district Samuel J. Hoffman of Shenandoah county for Eighth district M. K. Lowry of stafford county for Ninth district D.F. Bailey of Washington county for Tenth district E.L. Mattice of Rock Bridge county For President of the United States William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska. for vice-President of the United States Adlai E. Stevenson of Illinois for electors at large for the state of Virginia William Hodges Mann of Nottaway county J. L. Jeffries of Culpepper county for District Electors for First District T. J. Downing of Lancaster county for Second district John Whitehead of Norfolk city for Third district S. L. Kelley of Richmond city for Fourth district Robert Turnbull of Brunswick county for Fifth district Eugene Withers of Danville city for sixth district Graham Claytor of Bedford country for seventh district R. S. Parkes of Page county of for Eighth District L. H, Machen of Fairfax county for Ninth district R. T. Irvine of Wise county for Tenth district Pembroke Pettitt of Fluvanna county [Column#2] the county of Scott November sixth, for President of the United States Eugene V. Debs for vice-President of the United States Job Harriman for Electors at large for the state of Virginia for First district for second district for Third district for Fourth district for Fifth district for Sixth district for seventh district for Eighth district for Ninth district for Tenth district for representative of the Ninth congressional district of Virginia in the Fifty-seventh Congress of the United States William F. Rhea for president of the United States Joseph F. Malloney of Massachusetts for vice-president of the United States Valentine Remmel of Pennsylvania for electors at large for the state of Virginia A. H. McCulloch of Manchester city H. D. McTier of Roanoke city for district electors for the state of Virginia for First district Hugh Bolton of Hampton city for second district Louis Peglar of Elizabeth City for Third district Jos. E. Madison of Henrico county for Fourth district B. D. Downey of Roanoke City for Fifth district Louis S. Mavo of Richmond city for Sixth district Wm. T. Welch of Roanoke city for Seventh district Otto Blersch of Richmond city for Eighth district Edward Schade of Newport News for Ninth District I. N. Dunkleberger of Roanoke City for Tenth District Hugh O'Connor of Newport News. [Column#3] State of Virginia nineteen hundred for President of the United States Wharton Barker of Pennsylvania for vice-president of the United States Ignatius Donnelly of Minnesota for electors at large for the state of Virginia W. H. Tinsley of Roanoke County J. Luther Kibler of Shenandoah County for district electors for the State of Virginia for First district for Second district for Third District for Fourth district Cephas N. Stacy of Amelia County for Fifth district for Sixth district Thomas W. Evans of Campbell County for Seventh district Wm. H. H. Martin of Clarke County for Eighth district G. W. Bradshaw of Loudoun county for Ninth district for Tenth District for representative of the ninth congressional district of Virginia in the Fifty-seventh Congress of the United States James A. Walker for president of the United States John G. Wooley of Illinois. for vice-president of the United States Henrv D. Metcalf of Rhode Island for electors at large for the state of Virginia J. H. Busby D. J. Hoge for district electors for the state of Virginia for the First district W. T. Asaby[?] for second district W. B. Wilder for Third District L. N. Fox for Fourth District E. S. Emory for Fifth district Geo. S. Dyer for Sixth district O. B. Rucker for Seventh district T. B. Winter for Eighth district S. T. Nichols for Ninth district R. H. Farrier for Tenth District D. S. Sheets I obtained this ballot by mail, without any additional writing or name or from where it came. I have no knowledge as to how it was obtained. Will you be kind enough to return this, after inspection J. W. M Brownthe imminent downfall of even such government as we now have; they are the sole safeguard against anarchy. These practical reforms once established, the substitution of just and accurate theories of civil rights, or individual liberty, of the source of power, and of the nature of kingly authority in place of the foolish and illogical ideas that now obtain and are our unwelcome heritage from the dark ages of the eighteenth century, would be a matter of no great difficulty. I do not mean that the two tasks, the practical and the theoretical, must be separated; they must proceed together, but the practical reforms are instantly imperative, while they are also actually possible of immediate achievement; the theoretical reforms demand a revolutionizing of the entire mental temper of the people, a thing doubly hard to attain. It is our duty to accept the the labor that lies closest to hand, entering upon it gravely and reasonably, while at the same time we do all in our power to overthrow the erroneous theories on which our present regime is based, compel the acceptance of the true principles of government and political economy. I shall shortly deal with this subject more in detail, and submit my conclusions to you for your approval. In the meantime, this may be accepted only as an outline of the policy of the O. W. R. in America, for which I would ask your concurrence and support. But it is not for us to regard only our duties as components of the body politic, there is yet another obligation that rests upon us, and one that I must refer to, even though I believe it is to be firmly accepted by every member of the Order. The White Rose is the symbol not alone of loyalty and faithfulness to lawful rulers, and of undying devotion to the Princes of the House of Stuart and the cause for which they suffered, it is as well the emblem of all loyalty of heart, all personal faithfulness and devotion. Those who died for their God and their King in the Great Rebellion, and in the "Fifteen" and the "Forty-five," were the type of singleness of purpose, perfect loyalty and noble devotion in all relations of life, in all personal and social intercourse. We are unfaithful to the memory that we revere if we do not give all our strength to the labor of standing with them in these qualities that God honors above all else. We cannot lay down our lives for our King, but we can hold them at the service of those that are dependent on us, whether friends or kindred. Without this, our labor is of no avail. With it, we may accomplish much of that for the achievement of which we are constituted. As our kinsmen during the gloom of the interregnum watched and prayed for the Restoration, so do we, in a new land, a later [*5548*] time. "For the coming of the Restoration"; this might almost be our watchword, but it is the restoration not only of just and 17 [*3*] So we find the Duke of Buckingham's chaplain, in the very year of the martyrdom, writing, "He is now a Saint in Heaven;" while a contemporary "Apologetick for the Sequestered Clergie of the Church of England" speaks of "the Best of Kings, our late most Dear and Glorious Sovereign, St. Charles the Martyr, Nomen ejus in Benedictionibus!" It is even yet more significant to find six churches of that period still surviving, consecrated by the title of "King Charles the Martyr." The splendid word "martyr" has been too much misused, but its real meaning is not hard to find. A martyr, in the Catholic sense is one who dies for the Faith, voluntarily, and in a state of grace. Now Charles Stuart, just before his murder, made his confession to Juxon, Bishop of London, was absolved, and received the Holy Sacrament as his last earthly act. (Vide Sir Philip Warwick's "Memoirs.") That he died in grace is, therefore, humanly speaking, certain. The question of the cause for which he dies is really one with the question as to whether he chose to lay down his life. No fair-minded man can read the history of the negotiations between Charles and the rebels, during the years of his captivity, without seeing that the real issue was the Church. The King himself said: "I do not know any exception I am so liable too in their opinion, as too great a fixedness in the Religion of the Church of England"; and he said to Sir Philip Warwick: "I should be like a Captain that defends a place well, till I make some stone in this building my tombstone. And so will I do by the Church of England." In his directions to the commissioners for the Treaty of Uxbridge, he declared himself bound by his coronation oath not to abandon Episcopacy nor to alienate the Church's patrimony. The Treaty of Newport offered him life and sceptre if only he would renounce the Church; and, knowing what refusal would mean, he utterly declined to yield. His own authority he might have consented to diminish, but he could not betray the Catholic constitution of the Church. "My Lords," said he, "I believe we shall scarce see each other again; but God's Will be done! I have made my peace with Him, and shall undergo without fear whatever he may suffer man to do unto me." So Keble says explicitly that he was "brought to trial for refusing to sacrifice the Church of his country"; and Bishop Creighton affirms, "Charles I saved the Church of England by his death, when life was offered at the price of abandoning her." What can be plainer? Charles was imprisoned by secretaries, who offered him his life on condition that he abolish Episcopacy. But Episcopacy is of the very essence of the Church, even as Saint Ignatius saith, Sine episcopo nulla ecclesia. Wherefore this prince of gentlemen chose death rather than apostasy, and went "from a be. No, it is not the rightful sovereign that I honour, battling [*2*] gallantly for his throne and his people's true welfare against a military despotism, tragic and glorious though that figure be. It is Charles Stuart, royal by a higher coronation than sealed him King of Great Britain, being one of "them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus and the word of God," the saint, not the king, - shall I say, the saint in spite of the king? Waive, then, all questions of public policy or ancient prerogatives, for the present purpose. Think, instead, of one, "True son of our dear Mother, early taught With her to worship, and for her to die" whom the Church has wisely honoured with a unique commemoration, enrolling him, alone since the Reformation, in her Kalendar, as "King Charles the Martyr." Let no one question that fact, which in itself is final for loyal Churchmen. After the overthrow of the monstrous usurpation which had devastated England's church and realm so long, when once more the houses of God were hallowed, and their carved work set up in place, the Bishops of England, at the instance of the King and the Parliament, solemnly set apart January 30 in her Prayer-book as "the Day of the Martyrdom of the Blessed King Charles." Exercising the power which anciently appertained to every Bishop in his own see, and which surely a provincial synod might rightly claim, the Church of England canonized St. Charles; and for two centuries the Day was kept at all her altars. To stumble at her action is either to reject altogether the Catholic practice of honouring those preeminently holy, or else to fall in with the very modern theory that in such affairs one prelate only has jurisdiction, the Roman Patriarch. It is, unhappily, true that in 1859 the civil authorities removed the proper services for the day, together with some other office of less consequence, from the Prayer-book, so taking away the legal obligation of their use: but no trace of ecclesiastical warrant can be found for that act of ingratitude. In any event, though the observance of his day is now a free-will offering of reparation, yet the title deliberately conferred on Charles by the Church still endures. Lest any one should try to distinguish between saint and martyr, it suffices to point out that a martyr is in the nature of the case a saint, the higher rank comprehending the lower. For the saints are the nobles of the City of God; and martyr, confessor, doctor, virgin, all bear the generic name that tells of holiness. So blessed John Keble does not scruple to invoke him as "our own, our Royal Saint," and says [*5549*] "Oh for one hour of prayer like thine, To plead before the all-ruling shrine For Britain lost and found!" 19 [*1*] divinely sanctional government, of righteous and orderly society, but of all those ideals of chivalry, and honour, and personal devotion, cast down and destroyed by the anarchy of the last two centuries, the chiefest of which is perfect loyalty to God and His Holy Church. RALPH VON CRAM, Prior. ALFRED JOHN RODWAVE, Registrar. Boston, St. George's Day, 1899. King Charles the Martyr: A STUDY. BY THE REV. WILLIAM VAN ALLEN, M.A. Over my desk hangs a little portrait, gold encircled as with a halo. Our Lady with her Son, St. Francis, and St. Thomas, of Canterbury, are set all around it; and looking up at the group of holy faces, my eyes dwell tenderly on that sad, sweet, kingly countenance, serene and lofty, above gleaming armour and falling lace, and I am not ashamed to murmur an ora pro nobis. It is St. Charles of England, king and martyr. Does some one mock or question? Then here is my apologia. Give a lie two hours' start of the truth, and it will be a long chase before it is overhauled and destroyed. But if the lie be diligently propagated in print, if the justification of a great political party and of a religious faction hangs on it, and if it runs with popular prejudice, who can reckon its vitality: That Charles I. was a tyrant, a perjurer, and a coward, who met a well-earned death at the hands of outraged justice, factious historians (from Milton to Macaulay and from Macaulay to Aubrey) have asserted often enough to make it perilous to champion his cause. Yet common fairness requires us to hear the other side; and, American as I am by nine generations and a revolutionary ancestry, I am bound to avow that I have heard that other side and am in consequence a king's man. Still, in general I am no monarchist. "Jacob-Jacobite" is the title one of my cronies unfairly flings at me; and I cannot borrow miss Ailie's phrase, calling "Republican," or even "Socialist" "words we have no concern with." Yet a cassock looks unseemly in affairs of haute politique; and I am content to see God's sign-manual of approbation set plain on "the Powers that be," not searching too curiously for the powers that ought to 18When he was reviled, he reviled not again; when he suffered, he [*6*] threatened not. A rough soldier spat in his face: wiping it meekly, he answered, "My Saviour suffered more for my sake." Even though Parliament - so zealous for liberty! - made it "a capital crime for any to speak, preach, or write against the present proceedings," the sound of the nation's lamentation for a national crime, hitherto unparalleled, went up to God in a mighty chorus of deprecation. Like his Master, he "forgave all his enemies, and hoped God would forgive them also"; while the religious observances that the devout began at once to use in honour of so illustrious a sacrifice anticipated the solemn rites which the Church herself set forth some years later. Evelyn fasted all the day of the Martyrdom, calling it "an execrable wickedness," while the boys of Westminster School, undaunted by the bloody Cromwell's threats, met for prayers, and the people treasured handkerchiefs and napkins, hallowed by stains of that righteous blood, as precious relics. This sketch does not attempt a philosophical study of the conditions existing at the time of the Great Rebellion. Yet I should be negligent if I did not point out that of all extraordinary historical delusions none is more absurd than that Charles's death meant the deliverance of an oppressed people, and the establishment of a free government. Honouring the Blessed King for his Sainthood, I hold no brief for the doctrine of kingship that lay at the core of the British Constitution three centuries ago; and St. Charles' beliefs concerning Divine Right and the extent of his sovereignty have no more to do with the reverence we pay him now than his literary preferences, or his taste in costume. David reigned over Israel, and without a parliament too. But what rabid Democrat would tear the Psalter from the Bible, because the Psalmist wore a crown? Ah, it is cowardly Erastianism for Americans to deny due homage to one of God's saints because Providence set him on a throne. But, Republicans though we be, we need not be blind, and because we are Republicans, all the more should we abhor the name of Cromwell and the "Protectorate." The most deadly foe to true liberty is the military despot - let South America witness; and Cromwell, patron saint of modern puritanism, was a military despot nothing less. Admit his great ability, his unfailing resourcefulness, his courage; and then you will appreciate better Mozley's epigram, that Milton studied his "Satan" from life, when he was Cromwell's secretary. Every act that Charles stretched his prerogative to cover was repeated by Cromwell, without shadow of warrant, hereditary, constitutional, or delegated. New taxes were levied, free speech denied, liberty of worship unthought of, strange courts invented, the faction parliament insolently dismissed by its own creature, women and children butchered as at Droghe- [*5551*] 23 corruptible to an incorruptible crown, where no disturbance can [*4*] be, no disturbance in the world." By a single act of betrayal, he might have lost for England and for us the living Bond that makes the Church to-day one with the Pentecostal company; and by God's grace he never faltered. Men called him weak; but heavenly strength is made perfect in such weakness. Saint, then, and Martyr, we joy to call him, echoing dutifully the deliberate decision of our spiritual Mother. Who shall gainsay us? But there are fair-minded men, Dissenters and Recusants, for whom ecclesiastical approbation may not mean much, and who have been content to accept the tradition of Cromwellian writers. Let such hear testimony from another source. And first Clarendon: - "He was, if ever any, the most worthy of the title of an honest man; so great a lover of justice that no temptation could dispose him to a wrongful action, except it was so disguised to him that he believed it to be just. He was the worthiest gentleman, the best master, the best friend, the best husband, the best father, and the best Christian, that the age in which he lived produced. And if he were not the greatest king, if he were without some parts and qualities which have made some kings great and happy, no other prince was ever unhappy who was possessed of half his virtues and endowments, and so much without any kind of vice." Alexander Henderson, author of the Scottish Covenant, who disputed on matters theological with the king, testified of him on his death-bed: "The sweetness of his disposition is such that whatever I said was well taken. That mild and calm temper convinced me the more that such wisdom and moderation could not be without an extraordinary measure of divine grace." Hume, whose unbelief made him no votary of saints, bears witness to the king's excellence on the one point most often assailed, his sincerity: - "Some historians have rashly questioned the good faith of this prince; but for this reproach, the most malignant scrutiny of his conduct, which in every circumstance is now thoroughly known, affords not any reasonable foundation. On the contrary, if we consider the extreme difficulties to which he was so frequently reduced, and compare the sincerity of his professions and declarations, we shall avow that probity and honour ought justly to be numbered among his most shining qualities. Even Macaulay, hired advocate of Cromwell's and Bradshaw's political successors, and so bound to earn his pay by justifying that abominable murder, forgot himself, and for once wrote the truth, in his "Conversation Between Cowley and Milton": "Never was there a more gracious prince, or a more proper gentleman. [*5550*] In every pleasure he was temperate, in conversation mild and 21 [*5*] grave, in friendship constant, to his servants liberal, to his queen faithful and loving, in battle brave, in sorrow and captivity resolved, in death most Christian and forgiving." And Keble calls him, "A Christian King, pure and devout in his daily life as any character that adorns history," and again, "The holy, martyred king, whose memory the Church of England religiously honours." Going back a little, we find that his elder brother, Henry, used to say of him: "When I am king, I shall make my brother Charles Archbishop of Canterbury," so marked was his devotion even in the midst of a court's temptations. Then, as later, he could say, "I esteem the Church above the State. I desire always more to remember I am a Christian than a Prince." So clean was he from the reproach of incontinence (hardly accounted sinful among princes) that even his bitterest enemies dared not accuse him of it; while in his dying hours he could bid the little Lady Elizabeth "Tell her mother that his thoughts had never strayed from her, and that his love should be the same to the last." "White King," indeed, we call him, not merely because of the gleaming dalmatic he wore on the Candlemas of his crowning, or the snowy mantle that clothed the coffin at his private life, and the high carriage that won for him a place among the white-robed army of martyrs. These testimonies, culled from a mass a thousand times larger, are not like what Puritan mendacity has propagated diligently; but I submit that a cause which can summon such witnesses must not be dismissed with an epigram, or ruled out of court by a paradox. Some one may object: "But what of Strafford?" And I answer in the king's own words, broken by penitential sobs: "Thou, O God of infinite mercies, forgive me that act of sinful compliance. I acknowledge my transgression and my sin is ever before me. Many times does God pay justice by an unjust sentence. An unjust sentence that I suffered for to take effect, is punished now by an unjust sentence upon me." Yet that great offence, for which he never ceased to grieve , was not so great as the guilt of those bloodthirsty conspirators who demanded Stafford's head, promising to be therewith content, only to heap up perjury and murder more and more against the day of retribution. And it does not become their political or religious inheritors to fling Strafford's death as a reproach against the King. The record of that ghastly tribunal, which Cromwell set up to accomplish his murderous purpose, sounds like an echo from Pilate's judgment hall. Silenced when he strove to speak, denied the ordinary decencies accorded to the very criminals, condemned by a mock court in a mock court in a horrible travesty of justice, he, anointed king, was led forth to be slaughtered, while all Europe groaned. 22 [*7*] da or enslaved, as the Colonies knew, the clergy hounded, the church driven to caves of the earth, until at last, frantic under years of such hideous usurpation, the people welcomed as a blessed relief the milder burthen of the monarchy, even though impersonate in Charles II. But I come back to my thesis. Citizens of the one universal Fatherland, we owe a debt of reparation to the memory of this gallant gentleman, this mirror of fidelity, this unfaltering Churchman. Inspiring in life a passionate devotion, gaining in death a martyr's crown, he has earned since the added benediction on those of whom all manner of evil is spoken falsely for the sake of Christ and His Church. But the White King's name has not yet lost its power; and there are many who rejoice in the thought that they are one with him in the common cause of Catholic Christianity among English-speaking folk the world around. And though his aureole may shine brighter because of earthly contumely, our duty is plain. The sweetest voice in all our western land to-day has uttered an aspiration that finds response in such hearts: "WRIT IN MY LORD CLARENDON'S "HISTORY OF THE REBELLION." How life hath cheapened, and how blank The Worlde is! like a fen Where long ago unstained sank The starrie gentlemen; Since Marston Moor and Newbury drank King Charles his gentlemen. If Fate in any air accords What Fate denied, O then I ask to be among your swordes, My joyous gentleman; Towards Honour's heaven to goe, and towards King Charles his gentlemen! But since that may not be, it remains for us to pray, with our brethren of old time, "that we may follow the example of his courage and constancy, his meekness and patience and great charity," that we may be made worthy to receive benefit by his prayers, offered in communion with the Church Catholic for that part of it here militant. So, praying and living, St. Charles of England will be no mere figure of history, but a living friend, the thought of whom shall lift our hearts to kinglier victories over every adversary that may assault the citadels of our souls. 24[*[Dec. 2, 1900]*] 21. GRAMERCY PARK My dear Teddy I sail on Dec. 8th on the Patricia to return in March for some lectures at Columbia - between now and sailing I have two lectures one in Worcester, another in Princeton. You are as hard to find as I am, but I hope we may b get our orbits crossed if only for five minutes. I shall come up from Princeton Tuesday afternoon. Love to you in any case [*[??????] Bigelow*] 5553me here on December the fourteenth at eight o'clock and I would ask Signor Lopez and anyone else whom you suggest, or none. Sincerely Yours Austen G. Fox 5553 EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 4 1900 Filed by 45 WEST [????] THIRD STREET. Dec. 2. 1900 My dear Roosevelt, A. few evenings ago, Signor Sixto Lopez said to me that you were the one man whom he would like to meet. It would give me much pleasure if you would dine withhotel Touraine. Boston 190 Northern Worcester County. They have entertained Miles and Dolliver and are very anxious to give a dinner for you if you can stop either going to or from the Home Market club. I have told them that you are overwhelmed but I 5555 EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, [????] Filed by hotel Touraine. Boston Dec 2, 1900- Dear Theodore: I think you remember my good friend Congressman Heyworth of Litchburg. He's a good strong Roosevelt man and [???], among other things, the Merchants Association of Fitchburg, the strongest [???] organization in 5554Hotel Tourmine. Boston. --------------190------ am sure that if you can come you will and I assure you that if you do you will find it well worth while. Cordially, Curtis Guild, Jr. 5556Nothing to transcribe.[*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 4 1900 Filed by...*] 601 WEST END AVENUE. N. W. CORNER 93RD ST NEW YORK Dec 2nd 1900 Dear Theodore: I see that today is your wedding-day. Let me present every felicitations as the Anti-Dreyfusites would phrase it. When are you going to be in New York again? I've something [*5557*] to show you when I see you next. In the mean time I want to know something. My friend, Coquelin, is President of the French Actor's Fund, and the French government has authorized the society to get up a lottery. Of courseCoquelin cannot openly offer the tickets of this lottery for sale here. But how far is he doing anything actually illegal in letting his friends pay him for them? To me, the thing seems to be contrary to the letter of the law, to say the least. And yet the authorities wink at raffles &c. And this, being for charity, may stand in some such position. How does it strike you? Yours truly Brander Matthews [shorthand]The only hardening which I venture to suggest as a precaution for comfort is to do as much horseback riding as may be convenient between now and the time of your coming. Goff & his following are of the same mind as those types known so well to you of Cowboy & ranger- when in his own feet & legs, he is awkward, unhappy & helpless- but when astride of tough leather & a taut cinch, he will follow his pack of dogs up the side of the Grand Canon or to the lowest depths of perdition (and afterward. will be too modest to number [*[12-2-00]*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, Dec [??] 1900 Filed by..*] 112 EAST SAN RAFAEL STREET. [*[12-2-00]*] Governor Theodore Roosevelt. Albany, New York. My dear Governor Roosevelt, Your two letters- one from Albany and one dated in New York- reached me yesterday. A letter of mine to you is by this time in your hands, which roughly sets out the kind of trip we can look forward to and what provisions we can count on from Goff. Were the season of our going advanced sixty days, I should confidently promise you bear & lion. [*5558*]length of times as is at your disposal the pick of the lion country can be reached. These dogs under Goffs handling are absolutely sure to convert a lion track into a rushing charge, a fast hard fight unless a bullet robs the pack and the fine trophy of seven to nine feet of tawny hide and tail. Goffs record lion was ten feet six inches. We must not look for bears. Even in the low, warm country they do not move before March 20th (2) - Seven bears & thirteen lions was the fruit of a hunt last March & April in the territory about Douglas Creek head waters- this territory lying well down toward the Utah line and reached by way of White River Valley. This section is very large- a splendid winter range for deer & cattle & horses- and therefore a favorite resort for panther until they attach themselves to the black tail migration in the Spring, bound back to the Mts. I assure you a good lion hunt- of this there is no doubt unless something happens to Goff & his dogs. With such a [*5559*]When, in a moler, a quick shot at close range is called for to save some of the dogs. Your 30-30 is just right. If you have the carbine length of barrel, you will find it the convenient one for quick riding in the prairies. I note your desire to make use of several weeks in the expedition. I am after Goff for six weeks, beginning on or about Jan'y 10th. I have not succeeded in getting an answer from him as yet. He is very likely away from his ranch for a few days. My brother-in-law, Alfred Cowles, who battled for the Blue at New London in three races was planning to join me in this winter hunt. Dr Lambert 2 (2) 112 EAST SAN RAFAEL STREET mention of the fact). These long hours in the saddle day in & day out, I find greatly mitigated by some previous toughening; but I am no horseman and perhaps place over stress on this feature. As to foot-gear - I know of nothing better than the "German sock" and the heavy mountain Arctic. These are impervious to cold and full protection from Winter. We are most unlikely to experience any weather in which they would be over warm, yet this is the greatest danger from them. These can be secured at almost any general store. If you will give me your [*5560*]As for the coat - a leather one made very plain with fur or no outside pockets and very plain to catch limbs so serviceable both to withstanding the branches and also to keep out wind. This should be large enough to admit of indefinite flannel & wool underneath to conform to the exigencies of the weather. I met a storm up there one day when double sweaters, double shirts, and double undershirts were none too much. I can provide such a coat for you readily if you will let me have your measurements. There is no occasion for bringing a revolver. Our guides will each have a "gun" and their use is confined to occasions measurements, I can make full provision for you. "Lion country" is invariably "pinion" & cedar ridges, This timber is easy to walk through but terribly hard to ride through even at a walk. The limbs are stiff as metal lances and every mature tree is jagged with points of dead limbs as well as living ones. Therefore, the outer clothing must be tough & smooth. Leather "shaps" are favored by those to the manner born, as guard for the legs: but these are heavy and, when wet, especially annoying on a long ride. I have favored a tough smooth cloth, like corduroy, sufficient altho I saw a pair of these last pretty well skinned off in a bear chase. [*5561*][shorthand] [*3*] (9) 112 EAST SAN RAFAEL STREET. thought Mr. Goodrich was likely to share your outing with you. This would be most agreable to us! And in case he should be unable to come and there is some other friend whom you would like to have with you, it will make our party just Eight I neglected to say that for head-wear something very firm in the head must be used, the limbs are forever after ones hat and there is not always the time to stop and recover it. Please use me in any way for helping you get your outfit. We have here a first rate outfitting store. The owners are young men who have devised several garments [*5562*]for mountain use! Their stock is large & complete. Probably I[t] can meet the need of any of us out of stock on hand; but if not, they will have our measures filled to order. I remain Very Cordially Yours Philip B Stewart Sunday Eve December 2d 1900. 5563Washington. The past two years, during which I have been with you at Montauk Point, on your ante-election tours of the State and at Albany have been about the pleasantest of my life and I shall always look back upon them with the greatest of pleasure. Believe me that you will have no friend who will look to your career at Washington with more interest than I, and no one wishes you more abundant success or is more confident that you will attain that success eventually. Perhaps some day [*P F*] The Evening Post NEW YORK. EDITORIAL ROOMS. Governor Theodore Roosevelt Executive Chamber Albany N.Y. 3rd December 1900. My dear Governor, Being new to the ways of the "Post" I did not know that I had a private letter box and that your kind letter of November 24 has been quietly reposing therein. It was good of you to write me. Of course I understand thoroughly how necessary it is that your private secretary should be a stenographer as the Government does not make provision for you to have both. Lou is a rattling good fellow and I congratulate him heartily. I am very sorry that I shall not be able to accompany you to [*5564*]-3. good fortune may so favor me that I may be sent as political correspondent for some newspaper to Washington. May that day come soon. With Kindest regards to Mrs Roosevelt yourself and the children - especially Archie. Believe me Always Yours very Faithfully Laurance Hill Grahame I am having lots of fun with Senator T.C.P. over the Constabulary bills - "roasting" them. I do not think that the worthy Lieutenant has a very deep affection to me. LHG. [*5565*]1217 Manila, Received December 3, 1900. 12.15 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. 2180 Katipunan insurrectos whom Connisque enrolled, Bolomen, came from mountains and surrendered to General Samuel B.M.Young to-day at Santa Maria. (They) renounced insurrection and swore allegiance to the United States. The oath was administered by the Padre at the church with impressive religious ceremonies. General Young attributes the surrender to President's re-election and vigorous presecution of the war. Although no rifles surrendered this is important as indicating a re-action among the people Iloses Sur. Movable columns Samar, Panay, commenced operations. 28th Regiment U.S. Volunteer Infantry goes to Mindanao. Every thing is to be pushed as vigorous as possible for the next sixty days. MacArthur. -ooo- Manila, Received December 3, 1900. 6.30 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Killed: November 26th, Umbao, Luzon, D, 9th Cavalry, Samuel Walker: November 24, Maloles, Luzon, F, 3d Infantry, Joseph H. Winkler. Wounded: L, 3d Infantry, Otto Kruger, Daniel O. Harkins, wounded in head serious; November 12, Cabatuan, Panay, H. 26th Infantry, Otis Manchester, wounded in chest slight. MacArthur. -oOo- Manila, Received December 3, 1900. 12.43 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Following deaths have occurred since last report: Dysentery: November 27, K, 4th Cavalry, James A. Innis; November 18, F, 18th Infantry, Harvey Bimson; A, 19th Infantry, Frank F. Smith; November 25, B, 30th Infantry, Christopher C. Keogel; November 6, A, 19th Infantry, Musician Wm.H.Dorey; November 30, B, 34th Infantry, Frank E. Glumm. Diarrheea: November 26, B, 34th Infantry, Edward Hoover. Heart Disease: November 30, G, 22d Infantry, John Vansandt; H, 25th Infantry, Henry Gage. Typhoid fever: November 26, E, 14th Infantry, Edward Pierson; M 24th Infantry, James H. Wilson; November 27, 30th Infantry, Willard C. Gifford; November 20, I, 39th Infantry, Sergeant Albert R.Krueger. Drowned: November 28, 24th Infantry, unassigned recruit, Charles G. Geiger; November 24, G, 4th Infantry, Jacob Wisler; October 12, D, 30th Infantry, Andrew J.Nelson. Tuberculosis: November 26, A, 30th Infantry, John M.Ramdles; November 14, E, 3d Cavalry, William M Renner. Nephritis: November 18, A, 29th Infantry, Joseph C. Morgan; September 10, E, 25th Infantry, John Bell. Alcoholism: November 23, M, 21st Infantry, John B. Sullivan; October 12, G, 38th Infantry, Joseph L. Mowrey. Malarial Fever: November 26, I 41st Infantry, William S. Brown. Syphilia: October 18, F, 11th Cavalry, Sergeant Vernie J.Edwards. Tetanus: November 26, B, 48th Infantry, Isaac Reeves. Diphtheria: November 24, B, 3d Cavalry. Farried Herman J.A.Jordens. Uremia: November 26, F, 38th Infantry, Ray W.Nihart. Hemorrhage: November 4, L, 19th Infantry, John J. Barry. Killed by comrade: November 24, L, 12th Infantry, Patrick O'Day: November 25, H, 3d Cavalry, Samuel Byers. Killed by sentry: October 30, L, 25th Infantry, Wm.Burles. Suicide, shot head: November 26, 35th Infantry, Principle Musician Lewis E.Gale. With reference to my telegram of 5th November death Burns, October 29th. MacArthur [*5566*][*1217*] Manila, Received December 3, 1900. 12.15 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. 2180 Katipunan insurrectos whom Connisque enrolled, Bolomen, came from mountains and surrendered to General Samuel B.M.Young to-day at Santa Maria. (They) renounced insurrection and swore allegiance to the United States. The oath was administered by the Padre at the church with impressive religious ceremonies. General Young attributes the surrender to President's re-election and vigorous presecution of the war. Although no rifles surrendered this is important as indicating a re-action among the people Iloses Sur. Movable columns Samar, Panay, commenced operations. 28th Regiment U.S. Volunteer Infantry goes to Mindanao. Every thing is to be pushed as vigorous as possible for the next sixty days. MacArthur. -ooo- Manila, Received December 3, 1900. 6.30 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Killed: November 26th, Umbao, Luzon, D, 9th Cavalry, Samuel Walker: November 24, Maloles, Luzon, F, 3d Infantry, Joseph H. Winkler. Wounded: L, 3d Infantry, Otto Kruger, Daniel O. Harkins, wounded in head serious; November 12, Cabatuan, Panay, H. 26th Infantry, Otis Manchester, wounded in chest slight. MacArthur. -oOo- Manila, Received December 3, 1900. 12.43 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Following deaths have occurred since last report: Dysentery: November 27, K, 4th Cavalry, James A. Innis; November 18, F, 18th Infantry, Harvey Bimson; A, 19th Infantry, Frank F. Smith; November 25, B, 30th Infantry, Christopher C. Keogel; November 6, A, 19th Infantry, Musician Wm.H.Dorey; November 30, B, 34th Infantry, Frank E. Glumm. Diarrheea: November 26, B, 34th Infantry, Edward Hoover. Heart Disease: November 30, G, 22d Infantry, John Vansandt; H, 25th Infantry, Henry Gage. Typhoid fever: November 26, E, 14th Infantry, Edward Pierson; M 24th Infantry, James H. Wilson; November 27, 30th Infantry, Willard C. Gifford; November 20, I, 39th Infantry, Sergeant Albert R.Krueger. Drowned: November 28, 24th Infantry, unassigned recruit, Charles G. Geiger; November 24, G, 4th Infantry, Jacob Wisler; October 12, D, 30th Infantry, Andrew J.Nelson. Tuberculosis: November 26, A, 30th Infantry, John M.Ramdles; November 14, E, 3d Cavalry, William M Renner. Nephritis: November 18, A, 29th Infantry, Joseph C. Morgan; September 10, E, 25th Infantry, John Bell. Alcoholism: November 23, M, 21st Infantry, John B. Sullivan; October 12, G, 38th Infantry, Joseph L. Mowrey. Malarial Fever: November 26, I 41st Infantry, William S. Brown. Syphilis: October 18, F, 11th Cavalry, Sergeant Vernie J.Edwards. Tetanus: November 26, B, 48th Infantry, Isaac Reeves. Diphtheria: November 24, B, 3d Cavalry. Farried Herman J.A. Jordens. Uremia: November 26, F, 38th Infantry, Ray W.Nihart. Hemorrhage: November 4, L, 19th Infantry, John J. Barry. Killed by comrade: November 24, L, 12th Infantry, Patrick O'Day: November 25, H, 3d Cavalry, Samuel Byers. Killed by sentry: October 30, L, 25th Infantry, Wm.Burles. Suicide, shot head: November 26, 35th Infantry, Principle Musician Lewis E.Gale. With reference to my telegram of 5th November death Burns, October 29th. MacArthur [*5566*]EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 4 1900 Filed by THE S.S. McCLURE COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK AND LONDON, Editorial Rooms. 141 EAST TWENTY-FIFTH ST. NEW YORK. December 3, 1900 Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Mansion, Albany, N. Y. Dear Sir:- The list of portraits for your articles suggest a doubt in my mind, which I can but present to you, begging you in case I should be wrong, to take no notice of this letter. I do hope it is not too late to make the suggestion that the article which we are looking forward to so eagerly, be chiefly devoted to Mr. Riis and a few public-spirited citizens, has not been done necessarily as officials of philanthropic or charitable organizations. This comes to my mind because in looking over the list of pictures you suggested, I notice that many of them are the heads, or important officers of societies. I do not know that our ideas are inharmonious at all, but the plan growing out of the Riis article seems so naturally to me the one that deals with the work of the citizen soldier, the "private" in philanthropic and civic work. I feel very strongly that with the authority of your name and achievements, such an article would bring its lesson home to everybody. 5567THE S.S.McCLURE COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK AND LONDON, EDITORIAL ROOMS 141 EAST TWENTY-FIFTH ST. NEW YORK. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, 2. and in a most fascinating way. It would have that extremely important quality of human interest which we have found to be the surest passport to the minds and hearts of our readers. I am sure you will pardon me for bringing the matter up to you however wrong I may be in my interpretation of the article you contemplate - My excuse after all, is, that we are trying to put our experience at your service,in order to help make the article as powerful a factor in advancing the good cause as it is possible to make it. Very sincerely yours, [*John I. Phillips*] [*5568*][[shorthand]]of legation by addressing a letter to the President, asking for my appointment - if feasible - & saying what you can for me. - Mr Lodge has told me that if you would be willing to [*5569*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED, DEC 6 1900 Filed by*] 241 Marlboro St. Boston Dec. 3rd 1900 Hon Theodore Roosevelt Albany My dear Teddy. If I am not presuming on friendship I want to know if you will help me to get a secretaryship I go to N.Y. Thursday so please address me 28 East 36th St. N.Y.write such a letter it would be- as of course I appreciate, a great help. I am asking for a 1st secretaryship at either Tokio Constantinople Vienna or St. Petersburg.- in the order named. Mr. Moody (my representation in Congress) has asked me to send any letters [I] that may, [have] be written to the President. in my behalf, under cover to him; that he may personally present them with my application - Can you do this for me? With kind regards I am. Yours sincerely R.M. [Sapleton?][*157*] Pekin, China, Received December 4, 1900. 12.58 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. December 3; Number 97. Recommend Conger be instructed demand concession Temple of Ages grounds to United States and if this suggestion meets approval no time be lost in filing notification. Russia will do so, but better we forestall her, if possible. Good place to quarter Legation Guard, probably left here after peace article signed. In time of threatened trouble, five thousand troops could be camped inside wall temporarily. It is reservation about two thousand seventy five acres for ceremonial some sort, not practically useful to Chinese, in my opinion, and seldom used for any purpose from appearances when we took possession; mile and half from Minister's residence, but this would not effect decision to secure the ground for use in case of need. My experience has shown great mistake made when American concession Tien Tsin was given up; we found ourselves at mercy of other powers for place to pitch tent or house to cover stores. If influence United States in China is to be pushed along any particular line, Chili Province and westward seem to me offer fairest field remaining uninfluenced by other powers. Satisfied that Germany is working to influence Pechili as well as Shanghai. Soil of country probably not so rich as farther south; products for exchange few; climate healthy. If desirable to obtain concession of park, recommend that, if necessary to do so, it be considered as part indemnity for losses sustained by Americans. Have no doubt English will hold Temple of Heaven and demand it as concession. Chaffee. -oOo- [*5570*][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 5 1900 Filed by..*] [CREST] HOTEL MANHATTAN HAWK & WETHERBEE [END CREST] [shorthand] 4 Dec 1900 My dear Governor I was very glad to get your letter of 3 Dec., and hope that all may be well. As to documents I have my commission as Colonel of the 2nd Irish Brigade & Vrederechter (Magistrate) signed by President Kruger and the State-Secretary Reitz, 12 Feb 1900. The original is in Paris, but I have a photograph here which was intended for "Colliers' Weekly." Also I have a note from General Lukas-Meyer, who was the general in charge of the operations in Natal, referring to reports of the enemy's strength at Elandslaagte; & commending the work of my scouts. During the retreat to Pretoria I lost many things, as I dispensed with tents [*5571*]2 & later even with wagons ~ sleeping on the ground - & there was a good deal of pillaging from the wagons sent on in advance Moreover as I attended all the war-councils most of my instructions were verbal. General Louis Botha, the Commander-in-chief told Mr Michael Davitt that he had a high opinion of me as an officer, but I could not expect him to write, or even tell, me such a thing. The Boers hardly ever paid a compliment - in fact the only instance I know of is in the few words of praise which General Lukas Meyer affords to the note to me I speak of. This & my Commission, however, make my credential complete. I am naturally very anxious about the matter, as I only want the chance of earning distinction in the U.S. service, and I Thank you most cordially for the interest you have shown Believe me, Sincerely Yours Arthur Lynch[*1218*] Manila, Received December 4, 1900. 9.03 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Killed, November 30, Pilar, Luzon, A, 36th Infantry, Cornelius J.Leahy. Wounded: H, 36th Infantry, Samuel A.Roberts, arm serious; F, 36th Infantry, Ulric Jusseaume, [?] serious; K, 36th Infantry, Frank Hilliker, groin moderate; L, 36th Infantry, Courtney Morris, leg above knee slight; G, 36th Infantry, Charles Clark, foot slight; H, 36th Infantry, John G.Kertz, arm serious; I, 36th Infantry, Albert Padesky, leg above knee slight. Killed: November 21, San Vincente, Luzon, L, 45th Infantry, George R. Whittier. MacArthur. -oOo- Manila, Received December 6, 1900. 3.55 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Total strength present and absent November 30, ascertained as near as possible: Officers, enlisted men, 1st Cavalry, 35, 843; 3d Cavalry, 41, 1336; 4th Cavalry, 47, 1355; 6th Cavalry, 13, 354; 9th Cavalry, 35, 837; 11th Cavalry, 50, 1003; Philippine Cavalry, 11, 435; Battery E, 1st Artillery, 4, 154; 3d Artillery, 13, 396; Battery F, 4th Artillery, 3, 148; 6th Artillery, 42, 1352; 1st Infantry, 34, 1065; 2d Infantry, 35, 1058; 3d Infantry 46, 1402; 5th Infantry, 44, 1402; 5th Infantry, 25, 1045; 6th Infantry, 46, 1395; 8th Infantry, 24, 1004; 12th Infantry, 46, 1373; 13th Infantry, 47, 1428; 14th Infantry, 40, 1114; 15th Infantry, 11, 496; 16th Infantry, 46, 1451; 17th Infantry, 45, 1408; 18th Infantry, 37, 1144; 19th Infantry, 35, 1372; 20th Infantry, 47, 1392; 21st Infantry, 46, 1348; 22d Infantry, 46, 1378; 23d Infantry, 36, 1402; 24th Infantry, 37, 1004; 25th Infantry, 48, 1530; 26th Infantry, 50, 1172; 27th Infantry, 50, 1153; 28th Infantry, 50, 1213; 29th Infantry, 49, 1217; 30th Infantry, 50, 1174; 31st Infantry, 49, 1189; 32d Infantry, 50, 1122; 33d Infantry, 49,1191; 34th Infantry, 50, 1189; 35th Infantry, 50, 1209; 36th Infantry, 49, 934; 37th Infantry, 50, 936; 38th Infantry, 49, 1181; 39th Infantry, 50, 1179; 40th Infantry, 49, 1195; 41st Infantry, 50, 1249; 42d Infantry, 50, 1133; 43d Infantry, 47, 1195; 44th Infantry, 50, 1230; 45th Infantry, 50, 1202; 46th Infantry, 50, 1200; 47th Infantry, 48, 1230; 48th Infantry, 50, 1270; 49th Infantry, 50, 1200. Engineers, 6, 232: Hospital Corps, 84, 2771; Signal Corps, 26, 454; Total, 2420, 66,044. Acting Assistant Surgeons, 311. MacArthur. [*5572*]considerate letter from Gen Corbin explaining the situation very satisfactorily. On the face of things my brother was justified in thinking he had not been fairly treated, but when he returns I think he will alter his opinion. I wrote the President personally & numerous friends went to see him but Saratoga MLM Dec. 4th 1900. [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, [DEC] 5 1900 Filed by...*] [shorthand] My dear Gov. Roosevelt, I desire to thank you most earnestly for your kind letter of Dec. third & for the interest you express in my brother's [matter] case. Since writing you I have had a frank, kind & [*5573*]he decided the order must stand and it went in to effect on Saturday. In view of this I am sorry I caused you to dictate any unnecessary letters but when I addressed you I had great hopes of having the order suspended. Again thanking you believe me Yours sincerely Mary H. McKee 178-Union Ave Saratoga, N. J. 5574[*[12-4-00]*] [*F*] THE YOUTH'S COMPANION 55 East 76 St. New York, 4.12.1900. Dear Governor:— Just one word more: please not divulge to anybody the fact that you are writing this article for us, for in the first place we desire to have full benefit of announcing it when the time comes, and in the second place some of our competitors [*5575*]might anticipate us if they had for knowledge of what you are doing so kindly for us. I am dear governor Roosevelt, Yours Faithfully, William H. Rideing. [?] to His Excellency the governor. [*5576*]The Commercial Advertiser. ESTABLISHED 1797. 29 PARK ROW, NEW YORK. EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT NEW YORK [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 6 1900 Filed by...*] 5th Dec [*[00]*] Dear Governor - I have been so overwhelmed with work that I have not had time to write you a line saying that the Congressman who must appointment Handy, the young man I spoke to you about for Annapolis is William J. Douglas, the only Republican elected in this city in November. If you could have any influence with him, I should be deeply gratified to you for exercising it. I hope all goes well with you. The World was very glad to let go of that case, was it not? Yours always J.B. Bishop To/ Gov. Roosevelt [*5577*][[shorthand]]P7 Harvard College Cambridge, December 5th, 1900 Dear Gov. Roosevelt: Thank you for sending me a copy of your letter to Robinson- a letter with which I cordially agree. Sincerely yours, L.B.R. Briggs. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt 5578New York- Dec. 5 1900. Dear Theodore: I take pleasure in introducing to you the bearer, Mr. Frederick Wesson an old friend of mine, dating from Jamaica days when Mr Wesson was President of a most important American enterprize at work in that Island. Mr 5579Wesson has had a wide experience in Spanish-American Countries, is an accomplished linguist and is in every way fitted to take hold of certain work concerning which he would like to see you. I had such a pleasant time at Oyster Bay and hope to see you again before you [s???t] for the West Affy yrs J S Elli t [*[Elliott?]*] Gen. T. Roosevelt Albany N.Y. [*5580*]San Miguel, Panay, P.I. Dec 5th 1900. My dear Colonel:- I have not had a chance to write for some time but now I send you my heartiest congratulations. I have been reading of your trip throughout the West and I judge you must be glad it is all over. I wish I had been with you at Victor to join in the fun. Everything has been going in great shape in this island since election; in one town Jaro over 1000 natives took the oath inside of three weeks after election while they did have 10 to take it before. All the officers I know have been very gratified at the result of the election because we judged from some papers that the people were against us and it seemed unjust that we should be trying to do 5581our best to quiet things out here while the people at home ecouraged the trouble. It is very easy to fight this war in an arm chair some people think. We are going on a last "hike" and clean up everything and I am almost sure that the trouble will be ended here in a month With best wishes for a successful term I remain Yours sincerely G. Roland Fortescue 1 Lieut. 26 Inf U.S.V. P. S. Colonel and Mrs Rice wish to be remembered to you. [shorthand] 5582EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by Seguin Club, SEGUIN, TEXAS. Dec. 5th 1900 My dear Governor. I send you today some pecans to Oyster Bay- Some of these nuts come from the [???] bottom just below the house where we trapped. A thousand congratulations on your election, I will put a tombstone over the remains of "Jim Swinger". With best regards to Mrs Roosevelt & the children. I remain yrs truly John Moore 5583EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC [?] 1900 Filed by PHILBIN, BEEKMAN & [?KEN] [??] BROADWAY, NEW YORK, (TRINITY BUILDING.) EUGENE A. PHILBIN. CHARLES A. BEEKMAN [?] STANWOOD [?] 5 December 1900 Hon Theodore Roosevelt, Dear Governor Roosevelt I have procured one of your photographs from Pack Bros. and would esteem it a great favor if you would place your autograph upon it. It is not only for the pleasure it will give me to have a picture of you thus authenticated before me, but I also desire to obtain the favor because 5585 of my boys. It is my most earnest ambition to imbue them with a love for the highest standards of patriotism, and I know of no better way to obtain that end than to remind them of one who has received the highest honors from his fellow citizens in recognition of his devotion in the past to the duties of public interest confided to him. I will ask Mr. Hefford of the State Charities Bond to hand you the picture if you desire to sign it. I am with just respect Sincerely yours Eugene Philbin[[shorthand]]THE S.S. McCLURE COMPANY, PUBLISHERS NEW YORK AND LONDON. EDITORIAL ROOMS. 141 EAST TWENTY-FIFTH ST.NEW YORK. Dec. 5, 1900. My dear Governor Roosevelt: I am very sorry that my letter puzzled you. However badly I may have expressed myself, nothing was really further from my thoughts than the expectation that the art- icle would include trivial personal details about the persons men- tioned. We had rather a desire that in the article these men should appear as types of citizens who would, by such presentation of themselves and their work, inspire others to similar interests and endeavors. We supposed that to do this they necessarily would appear in the account of the work as individuals rather definitely marked and clearly pictured. Very sincerely yours, John S Phillip Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N. Y. [*5586*]WAR DEPARTMENT. WASHINGTON. December 5, 1900. My dear Theodore: Your letter of December 3d has been received. Russell Harrison was one of a large number of volunteer staff officers appointed on the 12th of May, 1898, immediately after the breaking out of the war with Spain. He was appointed Major and Inspector-General of Volunteers, and has had continuous service since that time. On the 24th of January he was promoted, as against many competitors, to be Lieutenant-Colonel, and assigned to duty as Inspector-General of the Department of Puerto Rico. He is the last of all volunteer staff officers, appointed at the time mentioned, to remain in the service. A few weeks ago, following the consistent policy, which has been pursued by the Department, of reducing the expensive military establishments in the West Indies as rapidly as we reduced the number of troops, we reached the point where the Department of Puerto Rico could be discontinued and the expensive staff establishment dispensed with. An order was accordingly made discontinuing the Department, and annexing the Island of Puerto Rico to the Department of the East, as a district. This left no occasion for the further service of Colonel Harrison, unless he were sent to Manila. If sent to Manila, he would simply have to turn around and come back again, for we must have the volunteer officers there back in this country by the 30th of June, if possible, and his commission, together with all volunteer commissions, will expire at that time. As there was nothing for him to do, and as he was the last of his class to remain in the service, he was honorably discharged, in the performance of a plain duty on my part for the protection [*5587*]-2- tection of the public treasury, and the cutting down of expenses, which is now, as it always has been, a difficult, onerous and thankless task. He has no occasion to complain, and is subject to no discredit, unless he brings it upon himself by claiming that this simple and honorable termination of his service is discreditable. The Cuban church question has been passed upon by a commission in Cuba, satisfactory to both sides, and the matter will be disposed of upon their report. Always faithfully yours, [*Elihu Root*] Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of New York, Albany, N. Y. [*5588*][*PF*] WILLIAM A. OTIS & CO. BANKERS AND BROKERS. COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO. WILLIAM A. OTIS. PHILIP B. STEWART. WILLIAM P. SARGEANT. 12/5/1900. My dear Governor Roosevelt, I am in receipt of a letter from Goff, saying that he holds himself ready for us. He is still in doubt just when he will take us, and is studying the situation before making up his mind. He tells me that the season has been so dry and bad in the Davis Ranch country that he does not believe it is wise to go in there. He now favors Coyote Basin and its vicinity - this section has suffered from lion lately - and gray wolves have increased there rapidly. It is a favorite cattle range as well as deer range. Goff is coming over to see us here shortly when I can get much more specific data from him as to the exact plan which he wishes to follow than, as possible from his laconic style of writing. The important thing at this writing is that he will be ready for us. I remain Most Sincerely Yours Philip B Stewart [*5589*]book on Cromwell had just reached the office. I sent it out to be reviewed at once but the review when it came back was so entirely inadequate that I had to write word that it must be suppressed. Directly I get back to London at Xmas time I shall see about it being noticed on a proper scale. I dont suppose you will mind one way or the other but I do in the interest of the Spectator. I think criticisms of statesmen & men of action by statesmen & men of action is always most interesting & informative. Besides Cromwell is my special Anglo-Saxon hero. Next or rather beside him I put Lincoln. Pray excuse this garrulous letter Yrs sincerely J. St. Loe Strachey British Agency, Cairo. I hope our government will not be pedantic when the Nicaragua Canal business comes up. Personally I have always believed strongly in Mr Hay's treaty as being sound & useful from the American point of view - a piece of sound diplomatic work which would save many [*5591*]158 Adjutant General's Office, Washington, December 5, 1900. Chaffee, Pekin. December 5. Number 76. Confer with Conger on subject message Number ninety-seven, December 3d, and ask him to calbe Secretary of State his recommendation. Corbin -oOo- Adjutant General's Office, Washington, December 5, 1900. Chaffee, Pekin. December 5. Number 77. Referring your dispatch giving substance of communication to Count Waldersee regarding taking of instruments from Observatory, the President regrets the severity of the language which appears to have been used. Corbin. -oOo- Nagasaki, Japan, Received December 5, 1900. 10.53 a/m. Quartermaster General, Washington. Transport ROSECRANS arrived Nagasaki on December 4th; one battalion 15th Infantry ordered to the Philippines. Hyde. -oOo- Taku, China, Received December 5, 1900. 9.50 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. December 5. Number 100. Regimental Headquarters and First Battalion 15th Regiment U.S. Infantry, sailed for Manila on ROSECRANS, December 2d. Chaffee. -oOo- 5593[*PF*] Knighton, Buckhurst Hill. 6th Dec 1900. My dear Roosevelt, It is very pleasant indeed to get your long and interesting letter, and a great compliment that you should have taken the trouble to write to me in the middle of the most arduous political contest ever seen. It could not have gone better, and I am greatly delighted at your personal share in it. The world is the richer. Moncreiffe has just been to see us, so I had heard something of you. A very interesting official book from you arrived a few days ago. It is beautifully got up, and I like to possess it. I think Seleus' new book, though rather slight, is the best new thing in that way. I am sending it to you, Enclosed is an advertisement of a compilation which I have not seen. The writers are certainly of unequal merit, but that is all I know about it. As to the Boer War I personally had very great hesitation[s] about it, but Kruger's insane ambition and obstinacy, culminating in the ultimatum, have removed any doubt I had that the war could not have been avoided. Our empire is an inheritance which this generation will not allow [g]to be diminished, and evidence is accumulating that Kruger and his corrupt gang of foreigners, with whom he surrounded himself, were determined to try and oust us from South Africa. This gang have now taken themselves off with the large fortunes that they made out of their country. Joubert was thoroughly honest. The rest, including Kruger, exploited the country for their own benefit. The Boers themselves are a race with fine qualities, and I trust they will be treated as leniently as it is possible to do, and that [*5594*]your prophesy will be fulfilled. I am going in a few weeks up the Nile with an Austrian friend to a point some hundreds of miles south of Khartoum. I hope we may bring back a few trophies. Pray remember me to Mrs Roosevelt. With best Christmas wishes Yours always, [*E N Buxton*] [* Grogan's Cape to Cairo is an interesting book Dr Von Wissman has just published a finely illustrated book on his African travels in German*][Dec. 6, 1900] DEAR SIR:-- Regarding the National Homes Bill, H. R. 12449, before it was introduced, Governor H. S. Pingree wrote, "From what little attention I have been able to devote to the matter I consider it a most excellent measure, and I sincerely hope that it may become operative as I am confident it will work great good and be the means of securing to many persons a competence which they otherwise would be unable to secure because of lack of funds to provide themselves with suitable dwellings, etc. "Let me thank you for so kindly sending me a copy of the bill in question, and wish you every success in your good work. "Respectfully, "H. S. PINGREE, "Governor." If every one who can will light a little fire of active energy to spread favorable public interest in it, the National Homes Bill can be passed. Your very respectfully, ANNA GOODYEAR. 8 Allston St., Boston, Mass. 33 5595[For enc see 12-6-00][*[12-6-00]*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED, Dec 10 1900 Filed by...*] Capt. W.H.H. Llewellyn, Chairman Capt. Fritz Muller, Capt. Geo. Curry Capt. Max Luns. Capt. Day, Capt. J. L. B. Alexander, Capt. McGinnis, Capt. Massie. Lieut. W. E. Dame, Secretary, Lieut. W. E. Griffin, Lieut. S. Coleman, Lieut. J. W. Green, Lieut. Chas. Dillard, Lieut. W. H. Kelly, Lieut. D. J. Leahy. HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF THE First Annual Reunion Roosevelt's Rough Riders [Las Vegas New Mexico.] 1899. Las Cruses D. 6-1900 My Dear Colonel:- I very much desire you to come to New Mexico for your hunt, the place is in the Sacramento Mountains about 100 miles North from El Paso Texas - The El Paso N.E. RR runs to a place called Alamogordo, from there. [*5596*]Capt. W.H.H. Llewellyn, Chairman Capt. Fritz Muller, Capt. Geo. Curry Capt. Max Luns. Capt. Day, Capt. J. L. B. Alexander, Capt. McGinnis, Capt. Massie. Lieut. W. E. Dame, Secretary, Lieut. W. E. Griffin, Lieut. S. Coleman, Lieut. J. W. Green, Lieut. Chas. Dillard, Lieut. W. H. Kelly, Lieut. D. J. Leahy. HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF THE First Annual Reunion Roosevelt's Rough Riders Las Vegas, New Mexico, 1899. 2 a line runs to the top of the mountains elevation 9,000 feet. You can can stand on the siding right near the hunting grounds at a place called Norton - Black tail deer, wild turkey plenty, I will have two Apache Indians accompany your party [*5597*]Capt. W.H.H. Llewellyn, Chairman Capt. Fritz Muller, Capt. Geo. Curry Capt. Max Luna. Capt. Day, Capt. J. L. B. Alexander, Capt. McGinnis, Capt. Massie. Lieut. W. E. Dame, Secretary, Lieut. W. E. Griffin, Lieut. S. Coleman, Lieut. J. W. Green, Lieut. Chas. Ballard, Lieut. W. H. Kelly, Lieut. D. J. Leahy. HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF THE First Annual Reunion Roosevelt's Rough Riders Las Vegas, New Mexico, 1899. 3 will have your car taken free from El Paso up & back -- We can make an excursion into the Guadalupe Mountains if you desire to - I have tents & camp outfit - horses & every thing, you will not incur any expense [*5598*]Capt. W.H.H. Llewellyn, Chairman Capt. Fritz Muller, Capt. Geo. Curry Capt. Max Luna. Capt. Day, Capt. J. L. B. Alexander, Capt. McGinnis, Capt. Massie. Lieut. W. E. Dame, Secretary, Lieut. W. E. Griffin, Lieut. S. Coleman, Lieut. J. W. Green, Lieut. Chas. Ballard, Lieut. W. H. Kelly, Lieut. D. J. Leahy. HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF THE First Annual Reunion Roosevelt's Rough Riders. Las Vegas, New Mexico, 1899. 4 For your sake Colonel dont go to Meeker Colorado, that place & section is hunted out. If you want to hunt big horn can also accomodate you, also bear - You can come over the Santa Fe to El Paso or you can come [*5599*]Capt. W.H.H. Llewellyn, Chairman Capt. Fritz Muller, Capt. Geo. Curry. Capt. Max Luna, Capt. Day, Capt. J.L.B. Alexander, Capt. McGinnis, Capt. Massie. HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF THE First Annual Reunion Roosevelt's Rough Riders. Lieut. W.E. Dame, Secretary, Lieut. W.E. Griffin, Lieut. S. Coleman, Lieut. J.W. Green, Lieut. Chas. Ballard, Lieut. W.H. Kelly, Lieut. D.J. Leahy. Las Vegas, New Mexico, 1899. 5 Via St. Louis & Iron Mountain to Fort Worth thence via Texas Pacific to El Paso Down here no game Wardens to harrass you. I promise you a grand time and game- Come if possible about Jan 1st or sooner- Excuse pen & paper [*5600*]Capt. W.H.H. Llewellyn, Chairman Capt. Fritz Muller, Capt. Geo. Curry. Capt. Max Luna, Capt. Day, Capt. J.L.B. Alexander, Capt. McGinnis, Capt. Massie. HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF THE First Annual Reunion Roosevelt's Rough Riders. Lieut. W.E. Dame, Secretary, Lieut. W.E. Griffin, Lieut. S. Coleman, Lieut. J.W. Green, Lieut. Chas. Ballard, Lieut. W.H. Kelly, Lieut. D.J. Leahy. Las Vegas, New Mexico, 1899. 6 Regarding Don Goodrich he would under no circumstances vote for Bryan, but he is a great admirer of Olney- He was also fearful Bryan would charm people & he impressed him - No soldier who served in your regiment would presume to vote [*5601*]Capt. W.H.H. Llewellyn, Chairman Capt. Fritz Muller, Capt. Geo. Curry. Capt. Max Luna, Capt. Day, Capt. J.L.B. Alexander, Capt. McGinnis, Capt. Massie. HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF THE First Annual Reunion Roosevelt's Rough Riders. Lieut. W.E. Dame, Secretary, Lieut. W.E. Griffin, Lieut. S. Coleman, Lieut. J.W. Green, Lieut. Chas. Ballard, Lieut. W.H. Kelly, Lieut. D.J. Leahy. Las Vegas, New Mexico, 1899. 7 against a ticket you were on & expect to excape being shot off at the pockets, and the best of all is none of them went to vote against you. Do Colonel come to N.M. Faithfully W.H.H. Llewellyn [*5602*][[shorthand]][STAMP] EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by [END STAMP] [*[Dec. 6, 1900]*] WILLIAM A. OTIS & CO. BANKERS AND BROKERS. COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO. WILLIAM A. OTIS. PHILIP D. STEWART. WILLIAM P. SARGEANT. My dear Governor Roosevelt, Your favor of December 1st is just at hand. I think my Sunday letter meets all Your inquiries. Personally, I like a silk handkerchief or some light, wind proof scarf (not too large) to tie around my head and ears; and separate from the cap, as a method of keeping the ears warm, Such a scarf can be made much closer than ear flaps - but there is no trouble about providing you a good cap with ear flaps, at this end. If you will tell me the size, I can assure your being supplied when we leave here. I am planning to join you on the 10th. The way of getting [to] Goff from here [so] is rather from Albany - to go clear back, can be as follows (unless of course you prefer other trains and routes.) The Lake Shore Limited to Chicago:- from there the Rock Island at 10 P.M. arriving here at 7:35- the second morning. This train leaving at Lake Shore (Polk Street) Station in Chicago saves transfer of baggage; It has very nice dining car service all the way and hauls a car directly to the Springs - which no other road but the Santa Fe does. We leave here at night and reach Rifle at about 10 A.M. when we tackle a 55 mile [*5603*]2 WILLIAM A. OTIS & CO. BANKERS AND BROKERS. COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO. WILLIAM A. OTIS: PHILIP B. STEWART, WILLIAM P. SARGEANT. stage ride (I think I will secure a light hitch, letting the stage take our duffle). This ride over the divide between Grand River[s] & White River may be very cold. We ought to reach Meeker about 8 P.M. then Goff will await us and thence forth it is all horseback. I did not mean to imply "bobcat" as a substitute for lions - but that they would offer breezy interludes. We may have to ride two days at a stretch before locating lions. They go in bunches. Goff had five up trees at one times last spring. A bitch in heat had drawn four toms about her. The dogs jumped onto their trail and, scatterring, tried every one of them and all were secured, but even when no such special attraction to gather as in the above instance - they are apt to be in twos and threes. I wish to suggest a diversion in Your outing which may or may not commend itself. Mr. Otis has a very beautiful place in the Pecos Valley, New Mexico, unoccupied except by his superintendent & the latters wife. Antelope and ducks are exceedingly abundant: and two days to the west a fair wild turkey country. Every possible facility comfort is to be had. Mr. Otis would be delighted [*5604*]3 WILLIAM A. OTIS & CO. BANKERS AND BROKERS. COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO. WILLIAM A. OTIS: PHILIP B. STEWART, WILLIAM P. SARGEANT. delighted to place these accommodations at your disposal. As a change, it occurred to me that you might like to take say ten days of your allotted time down there. I remain Most Sincerely Yours Philip B. Stewart December 6th 1900 [*5605*][[shorthand]]ADVISORY BOARD C.C. CUTLER S. READING BENTRON S. F. HOUSTON D.M. GOODRICK WALTER CAMP T. D. M. CARDERA THE OUTING PUBLISHING COMPANY 239 FIFTH AVENUE CASPAR WHITNEY, President and Editor ROBERT BACON, Vice President FLETCHER HARPER, Secretary and Treasurer New York, December 6, 1900. Dictated. My dear Colonel: I see by the papers you are going to Colorado after cougar. May good luck attend you. I want to ask if you won't do a paper for Outing on the subject, making your trip an excuse for an article on cougar hunting generally? [*This of course not to take the place of the one on Practical Value of Game Protection*] I shall see you at the Boone & Crockett Club dinner and we can then discuss it. Very truly yours, Caspar Whitney His Excellency, Governor Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N. Y. [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by...*] [shorthand] [*5606*]56th CONGRESS, 2D Session. H. R. 12449 .IMPROVED. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. December 6, 1900. MR. NAPHEN introduced the following bill, excepting slight alterations. It was referred to the Committee on the Public Lands and ordered to be printed. A BILL To provide homes and employment for the homeless poor and make them self-sustaining home owners. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives 2 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That a Bureau of National Homes be, and the same is herby 4 established and placed under the direction and control of the 5 Secretary of Agriculture. 6 SEC. 2. That the Secretary of Agriculture is hereby authorized 7 and directed to, immediately upon the passage of 8 this Act, proceed to select from the best situated public lands 9 of the United States, five million acres, grouping the same 10 together in as large tracts as possible, three-fourths of which 11 shall be of the best quality of arable lands, susceptible to 12 irrigation; one-fourth of said lands to be of the best quality of timber, coal, and mineral land. In addition to the five 14 million acres he shall select all necessary water supplies res- *All amendments added are in italics [*5607*].2 1 sites, roadways, and other necessary lands to provide roads, irrigation, and water powers, to be used as hereinafter 3 provided. 4 Sec. 3. That the lands referred to in section two of this 5 Act be, and the same are hereby, withdrawn from market, 6 and the title to the same shall remain with the Government 7 of the United States, to be used as hereinafter provided. That 8 the Secretary of the Interior shall, upon notice by the Secretary 9 of Agriculture, withdraw from market and settlement all 10 lands specified in said notice (and notices hereinafter named 11 in this section), which notice may be followed by similar 12 notices, to withdraw from market and settlement, in 13 order that it may be appropriated for the purposes of 14 this Act, as much more of the best public land (as 15 long as there is any that is good) as is needed fully 16 to accomplish this Act, according to the number of persons 17 wishing employment. 18 Sec. 4. That the Secretary of Agriculture shall, immediately 19 upon the passage of this Act, publish its 20 passage, requesting names and addresses of all wishing 21 employment under it, and then proceed, as soon as 22 a suitable tract of land can be selected, as herein provided, to 23 begin the preparation and improvement of as much of said 24 arable part of five million acres as there are applicants 25 to cultivate and utilize, fitting it for homes by 26 constructing suitable irrigation systems, dwelling houses, and3 1 other buildings, together with suitable industrial plants, all 2 to be used by the people as hereinafter provided. 3 SEC 5. That the Secretary of Agriculture shall, as soon 4 as practicable, appoint managers and laborers from among 5 the poor and homeless people of these United States in 6 necessary numbers to carry out all the provisions of this Act, 7 regulating the price paid to said managers and laborers by 8 an equitable scale according to his best judgement, giving to 9 each one the full value of the product of his or her labor, 10 except that, if necessary to the full accomplishment of this 11 Act, he shall deduct from the wages of each of said 12 employees who is of age merely enough to defray the 13 necessary running expenses of said national homes, 14 and to repay, without over five percent interest, the 15 United States Government for funds expended for his or 16 her benefit under this Act: first, the amount, without 17 interest, necessarily expended for necessities (under 18 sections nine and ten of this Act) for the sole benefit 19 of him or her and of each of his or her dependents, 20 and second, a non-annual sum not exceeding two 21 hundred dollars, last named sum to include all interest 22 below named, in this section, and ceasing to be 23 required, as soon as the United States Government 24 is fully re-imbursed (with five per cent interest) for 25 all above provided to be repaid. [*5608*]4 1 SEC. 6. That as soon and as fast as the arable lands 2 can be supplied with irrigation and buildings, according to 3 section four of this Act, a part of the same shall be sub-divided 4 into small home tracts of suitable size to employ and 5 support one family to each of said subdivisions, the balance 6 to be farmed collectively on equitable terms to the workers 7 thereon. 8 SEC. 7. That the Secretary of Agriculture shall provide 9 all necessary teams, tools, and machinery for the use of the 10 people in all departments of work, as herein provided, including 11 that of the cultivation of the lands, on such terms as will 12 equal the cost of repairs and renewals, except that in the 13 matter of manufacturing necessities he may enable said employees 14 to make all kinds by hand, himself supplying all 15 requisite thereto, including instruction. 16 SEC. 8. That the Secretary of Agriculture shall, as soon 17 as practicable, establish at convenient localities on the said 18 lands, together with proper machinery and appliances, all 19 practicable manufacturing and mining industries (excepting 20 the production of intoxicating drink, which is hereby 21 forever prohibited on all land of said national homes) 22 necessary to make occupants and workers thereon self-sustaining, 23 and, as near as possible, the producers of all things 24 needful to their comfort and highest development, or he shall 25 accomplish the same ends by enabling said employees to 5 1 manufacture by hand, added to producing by machinery, 2 wherever, all things considered, it is best. He shall, as soon 3 as practicable, cause to be established and conducted a 4 thorough system of free public schools, to which all employees 5 and their children shall have free access. He shall establish 6 and manage all necessary money and property depositories, 7 exchanges, purchases, and sales for the convenience of the 8 people employed under this Act, and, as far as well may be, 9 furnish trade for them after being discharged, but (as far 10 as consistent with the complete welfare of said employees) 11 only non-home owners, without means of self-support 12 without being hired, shall be allowed to do 13 any gainful business on any land of said national 14 homes. All purchases, sales, and exchanges shall be, as near 15 as possible, upon the bases of value for value, covering cost, 16 but eliminating all profits. 17 SEC. 9. That the Secretary of Agriculture shall, as fast 18 as possible, call to his aid in carrying out the provisions of 19 this Act the poor and homeless people from all parts of these 20 United States (as far as possible, throughout all time), adhering 21 to the policy, as nearly as well may be, of employing no 22 one for any part of the work herein provided or of its supervision 23 except citizens and those wishing to become citizens, 24 each of whom has no home of his or her own 25 and no means of self-support independently of being [*5609*]6 1 hired. He shall furnish transportation for all employees from 2 the point of their engagement to the lands herein provided, 3 placing the good-class poor in distinct sets of said national 4 homes, on separate Government plantations from the other poor. 5 SEC. 10. That the Secretary of Agriculture shall make 6 it the policy of this bureau, first, to supply all necessities 7 wanting to the employees until they have had time in said 8 national homes to become self-supporting; second, to assist 9 all employees to make themselves and families self-sustaining; 10 third, to aid and direct them in accumulating to their individual 11 credit, out of their own products, a sufficient amount to 12 enable them to secure and equip for each of themselves a 13 home of his or her own and independent employment 14 (sufficient for comfortable self-support without being 15 hired) free of all debt; and as fast as any employe under this 16 Act has netted such credit (it being allowed to be at 17 least fifteen hundred dollars for each employe, besides 18 two hundred dollars for each of his or her dependents) 19 he or she shall withdraw such credit and relinquish, 20 for the time, his or her right of employment under this 21 Act and another be allowed his or her place. 22 SEC. 11. That the money necessary to carry the provisions 23 of this Act into effect be, and it is hereby, appropriated, 24 out of any surplus money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated; 25 and in case there shall be no surplus money in7 1 the Treasury, then sufficient money shall be procured (without 2 taxing necessities) by the United States Government for 3 said purpose. 4 SEC. 12. That all laws and parts of laws in conflict herewith 5 be, and the same are hereby, repealed, or shall immediately 6 upon the passage of this Act be so altered as not to 7 conflict herewith. 8 SEC. 13. That every evangelical minister or missionary, 9 not elsewhere herein provided for, may live 10 in said national homes, and have the full benefit of 11 the land belonging to the cottage therein, in which he 12 or she resides, as long as he or she does Gospel work 13 for said employees. 14 SEC. 14. That no crying of hawkers, of rag or 15 soap-grease men, or of newsboys, or similar disturbance, 16 no elevated railway, no street cars (on or below 17 the ground), unless noiseless or drawn by horses 18 without bells, and no cobblestone or similarly noisy 19 pavements be, at any time, allowed on any of the 20 lands mentioned in section three of this Act.[[shorthand]]The Commercial Advertiser Established 1797. 29 PARK ROW, NEW YORK. EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT. NEW YORK, 7th Dec [*[00]*] Dear Governor I have some doubts about the wisdom of putting so much in the letter to Douglas about me, but possibly if you mail if from Albany, and it is never known that I have knowledge of it, no harm will be done. If you were to recast it and say simply that I was among the sponsors for the boy I should like it better. Still, do as you think best and leave me without exact knowledge of what you do. Yes, Mrs. Bishop and I hope for the pleasure of lunching with you on Sunday. We had also hoped that Mrs. Roosevelt was to be present, but you do not mention her. We shall be much disappointed if she is not there. Yours always, J. B. Bishop [*5611*]The International Federation for the Abolition of State Regulation of Vice BRITISH COMMITTEE- Chairman-HENRY J. WILSON, Esq., M.P. Treasurer-PROFESSOR STUART. Hon. Secretary-MRS. JOSEPHINE E. BUTLER. Secretary-MISS FORSAITH. Office open from 10 to 6 p.m. Secretary can be seen from 10 to 4. Office-17, TOTHILL STREET, WESTMINSTER, Dec. 7th, 1900. Mrs. Charles Russell Lowell. Dear Madam, I am desired by the Chairman of the British Committee to write to you on the following matter:- You have doubtless seen the well authenticated reports, which have appeared in the American papers, of the system of State Regulation of Vice which has been started at Manila by the United States Government, and we are aware that many societies and individuals in your country are taking the matter up. But the suggestion has been made to us that if you would kindly bring the matter to the attention of Colonel Roosevelt, Governor of the State of New York, who we know to be such a good man, he would bring to bear upon Mr. McKinley's Government a very powerful influence in favour of suppressing this evil. My Committee would be thankful if you could see your way to do anything in this matter, and beg your acceptance of some literature on the Abolitionist question, which I am sending by Book post. Some of the papers refer to the remarkable Medical Conference held at Brussels in Sept. 1899 at which the hygienic failure of the Regulation system was admitted by some who [*5612*] [Enc in Lowell 12-17-00] had been, and still are, its ardent supporters. I am, dear Madam, On behalf of the British Committee, Faithfully yours, [*F. Forsaith Secretary*] P.S. I am sending two copies of each pamphlet in the hope that you may be able to send one set to Colonel Roosevelt.(Copy) Office of MacIntyre Iron Company, 15 North Pearl Street, Albany, N. Y., Dec. 7th, 1900. Hon. W. AUSTIN WADSWORTH, President, Forest, Fish & Game Commission, The Capitol, Albany, New York. Dear Sir:- I take the liberty of calling the attention of your honorable Board to a clause in the Act of the Legislature, passed in 1897, constituting the Forest Preserve Board which is, in my opinion, oppressive and, in the opinion of many eminent lawyers, unconstitutional. The Act of the Legislature gives to the Forest Preserve Board power to confiscate private property not for public use but for public non-use. The clauses to which I refer are paragraphs 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the Act of the Legislature which provide for the creation of the Forest Preserve Board and give this Board certain powers. These read as follows: "3. The forest preserve board may enter on and take possession of any land, structures and waters in the territory embraced in the Adirondack park, the appropriation of which in its judgement shall be necessary for the purposes specified in section two hundred and ninety of the fisheries game and forest law, and in section seven of article seven of the constitution. 4. Upon the request of the forest preserve board an accurate description of such lands so to be appropriated shall be made by the state engineer and surveyor, or the superintendent of the state land survey, and certified by him to be correct, and such board by a majority thereof shall indorse on such description a certificate stating that the lands described herein have been appropriated by the state for the purpose of making them a part of the Adirondack park; and such description and certificate shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state. The forest preserve board shall thereupon serve on the owner of any real property so appropriated a notice of the filing and the date of filing of such description and containing a general description of the real property belonging to such owner which has been as appropriated; and from the time of such service, the entry upon and appropriation by the state of the real property described in such notice for the uses and purposes above specified shall be deemed complete, and thereupon such property shall be deemed the property of the state. Such notice shall be conclusive evidence of an appropriation by the state. The forest preserve board may cause duplicates of such notice, with an affidavit of due service thereof on such owner, to be recorded in the books used for recording deeds in the office of the clerk of any county of this state where any of the property described therein may be situated and the record of such notice and of such proof of service shall be evidence of the due service thereof. 5. Claims for the value of the property taken and for damages caused by any such appropriation may be adjusted by the forest preserve board if the amount thereof can be agreed upon with the owners of the land appropriated. The board may enter into an agreement with the owner of any land as taken and appropriated, for the value thereof, and for any damages resulting from such appropriation. Upon making such agreement the board shall deliver to the owner a certificate stating the amount due to him on account of such appropriation of his lands, and a duplicate of such certificate shall also be delivered to the comptroller. The amount so fixed shall be paid by the treasurer upon the warrant of the comptroller. 6. If the forest preserve board is unable to agree with the owner for the value of property so taken or appropriated, or on the amount of damages resulting therefrom, such owner, within two years after the service upon him of the notice of appropriation as above specified, may present to the court of claims a claim for the value of such land and for such damages, and the court of claims shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine such claims and render judgement thereon. Upon filing in the office of the comptroller a certified copy of the final judgement of the court of claims, and the certificate of the attorney-general that no appeal from such judgement has been or will be taken by the state, or, if an appeal has been taken a certified copy of the final judgement of the appellate court, affirming in whole or in part the judgement of the court of claims, the comptroller shall issue his warrantor the payment of the amount due the claimant by such judgement, with interest from the date of the judgement, and such amount shall be paid by the treasurer." Such powers of confiscation - for they amount to that - should never be resorted to by the State except in the exercise of its police or military power in the event of some sudden emergency. This Act does not provide for the "day in Court" to which every citizen is entitled when it becomes necessary for the State to take his property. It does not provide "due process of law". No intelligent citizen questions the power of the State to take private property for public use, but ample provisions have been made for an orderly process by applying to the Courts of the State to appoint a Commission to condemn the land. This provision in the Forest Preserve Act is a dangerous[??ress] one and is against public policy. It is dangerous because no one can foresee what amount of money the state may be obliged to pay for damages, if the Forest Preserve Board should err in its judgement of values; it may result in endless litigation and expenses to the state. It is against public policy because it discourages private owners of land in the Forest Preserve from spending money in protecting the forest and game, free of expense to the state, on land not now owned by the state and deters owners of large tracts of land from entering upon scientific plans of forestry which are always carried on with the idea of a "sustained annual yield" during an indefinite period of years. Many of these private owners have proved much better guardians of the forest than have many of the state officials to the post. Up to date the state has appropriated about $2,000,000 for the purchase of forest land in four years. It will require from $30,000,000 to $50,000,000 to purchase the balance of the land in the proposed Adirondack Park. Until such sums of money shall be appropriated and expended, reliance must be had on private owners, clubs and corporations for the protection of the forests and game on land not now owned by the state. It would seem to be the part of wisdom to do everything to encourage such unofficial protection, instead of discouraging it through the ever present menace of confiscation of private property at the whim of a trio of men no matter how honest they may be, nor how good may be their intentions. Furthermore, the land which the Forest Preserve Board may purchase or confiscate, as the case may be, is not for public use but for public non use, so long as section 7, Article VII remains a part of the Constitution of the State. This provision is as follows: [*5615*] "The lands of the state, now owned or hereafter acquired, constituting the forest preserve, as now fixed by law, shall be forever kept as wild forest land. They shall not be leased, sold or exchanged, or be taken up by any corporation, public or private, nor shall the timber thereon be sold, removed or destroyed." I would respectfully request that your honorable Board will recommend in its next report to the Legislature that this harsh, unnecessary and probably unconstitutional provision of condemnation, or confiscation, of the act of the Legislature of 1897 be repealed. Carved on the Court House of the Appellate Division of the supreme court in New York City in this legend; "Every law not based on Wisdom is a menace to the State". I do not think that any learned Judge of the Supreme Court of our State will decide that this condemnation provision for acquiring forest land for the State is based on wisdom. I represent the owners of some 90,000 acres of forest land in the most picturesque region of the Adirondacks. This great tract has been in the possession of the present owners or of their immediate ancestors for three-quarters of a century and we challenge comparison of our protection of the forest and game with the methods exhibited in the history of the state protection of its forest lands. I speak advisedly when I state that for the last few years the owners of forest property in the Adirondack region of this state have been almost terrorized by foolish, hasty, ill-advised and almost hysterical legislation in regard to the state forests, among the most absurd of which is the Constitutional provision before quoted, under which an enlightened system of forestry on State lands is impossible and under which the citizens of the State are debarred from the proper and reasonable enjoyment of their own property after they have acquired it. Very respectfully yours, James Mac Naughton. President of MacIntyre Iron Company, [*5616*]2 North ie the Republican Party to the South ie The Democratic Party - Its the old story! Boreas could not make the traveller throw his cloak away - but Sol did; I have seen no one of property & bisness, who is not glad of McK's, re-election But they all voted for Bryan - not all - but nearly all - It is the queerest mental condition I ever saw. Free the South from the Negro Bogy, & it will become Federal & Protectionist & Subridgist - It wants the Phillipines & the open door & is The Woodlands Amelia C.H. Va Dec 7, 1900 [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by...*] Gov Roosevelt Your letter was very agreeable to me, for no one is closer to my heart after my son, & Gr son. I'm glad you are going to the Rockies & will be better pleased if you take a month - It will rest you & you will need all your fortitude & patience for next February & March! Its hard on me too for I want to talk over some interesting questions with you The attitude of the [*5617*] [*Some mistake - I sent the P.S. to this yesterday - I think*]3 going to supply the world with Cotton Cotton goods & iron products- But- more important- where will you be Xmas- I have ordered some birds sent you to Albany for your Xmas dinner- so if you go to Sagamore Hill see that your express matter is sent there- But I ought to get an answer before they start I am now going to try to go to Cuba for the Journal. The Phillipines South Africa or China either will do for me, I want work! Employment for my mind & that sort of writing suits me. I would be very useful in Cuba. I was in correspondence with some of the Chiefs in the field in 1896 & very close to them & I could know more about the interior working of the Constitutional Convention than most Americans And that will be very interesting in the next four or six months. Love to all Yours to call on Bradley P. Johnson 5618HEINS & LA FARGE, ARCHITECTS, TEMPLE COURT, 7 BEEKMAN ST. NEW YORK. December 7, 1900. [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED DEC 10 1900 Filed by...*] Dear Theodore:- It is very good of you to write me about the Lansdowne charges, and I appreciate of course what a very difficult matter it usually is to exercise the power of removal. I suppose it is quite likely that Lansdowne has so arranged his misdoings that charges against him would fail on legal grounds, but this question still is in my mind:- He is becoming notorious in the western part of the State; a discredit to the Commission, and a scandal to your administration. Is this not sufficient ground for you to request his resignation? Faithfully yours, C. Grant LaFarge Hon. Theodore Roosevelt. The B. & C. dinner will be on Friday evening, January 4th. You will get your notice shortly. [shorthand] [*5620*] [*4*] P.S The most important thing I want to say, I keep for the last. Sometime ago, you told me you would do what you could to get my Grandson an appointment to [West] Annapolis. This has been his Mothers, & his dream for years. Life is very uncertain & in a month I may be starting an expedition from which we cant tell if I can return. I want to put it to you to do this for me alive or dead. It is all I care to live for Life certainly has no attractions to me, except the love of my family & friends [*5619*][*5*] The fellow is 16 1/2 & will be 17 on the 20th of next May. If I'm alive I'll call on you. If I am dead, remember!! [*[Bradley Johnson]*]HEINS & LA FARGE, ARCHITECTS, TEMPLE COURT, 7 BEEKMAN ST. NEW YORK. December 7, 1900. [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED DEC 10 1900 Filed by...*] Dear Theodore:- It is very good of you to write me about the Lansdowne charges, and I appreciate of course what a very difficult matter it usually is to exercise the power of removal. I suppose it is quite likely that Lansdowne has so arranged his misdoings that charges against him would fail on legal grounds, but this question still is in my mind:- He is becoming notorious in the western part of the State; a discredit to the Commission, and a scandal to your administration. Is this not sufficient ground for you to request his resignation? Faithfully yours, C. Grant LaFarge Hon. Theodore Roosevelt. The B. & C. dinner will be on Friday evening, January 4th. You will get your notice shortly. [shorthand] [*5620*] 4 P.S The most important thing I want to say, I keep for the last. Sometime ago, you told me you would do what you could to get my Grandson an appointment to [West] Annapolis. This has been his Mothers, & his dream for years. Life is very uncertain & in a month I may be starting an expedition from which we cant tell if I can return. I want to put it to you to do this for me alive or dead. It is all I care to live for Life certainly has no attractions to me, except the love of my family & friends [*5619*][*F*] YALE CLUB. 17 MADISON SQUARE, NORTH. Dec 7 1900 Dear Theodore I meant yesterday to acknowledge the check you sent me for Mrs Roosevelts tickets. Much obliged, it came with the other letter. I hope in the next & this to send you enough new matter on copper & ice to cinch matters beyond a doubt. Wise is rushing around from one hospital to another looking after his political fences. I think I can get the new stuff to you by Monday. Faithfully yours Alexander Lambert [*5621*][*12*] United States Senate, Personal. WASHINGTON, D.C., Dec. 7, 1900. Dear Theodore:- Thanks for your note of the 5th. I am very glad you wrote to O'Meara. I am afraid there is nothing you can do about the Foreign Relations Committee. Everybody wants me to have it on both sides of the Senate, in the Committee, and I think throughout the press. I have had letters and articles from Minnesota in regard to it and from other parts of the country, but there Cullom stands in the way, and unless he can be induced to get out of the way there will be difficulties. I am sorry you cannot come here on the 12th, but I understand perfectly your reasons. Always yours, H. C. L. [Lodge] Hon. Theodore Roosevelt [*5622*]t Headquarters Division of the Philippines. Chief Surgeon's Office. Manila, P. I., December 8th 1900. To, (Wants your influence in aiding to get commission in U. S. Army for the grade of second lieut.) Honorable Theodore Roosevelt. Washington, D. C. U. S. America. Sir:- I have the honor to state that on the 6th inst., my application for a a commission in the U. S. Army for the grade of Second Lieutenant, accompanied by some twenty recommendations for the same from geleral officers and others in the Army under whom I have served, was forwarded through military channels to the Secretary of War at Washington, D. C., whose office it should reach on or about January 20th 1901, and to respectfully request that you use your influence in my behalf as the re-organization of the Army is fast approaching and I understand the opportunities of receiving a commission are much better now than at any time in the past. You may not recall the undersigned who is a son of the late Charles N, Boschen of Kings County, New York, but as I have had the pleasure of meeting you on several occasions both at Oyster Bay and Albany, I take the liberty of addressing you in my own behalf and trust you will pardon me for so doing. Thanking you in advance, I remain, Very respectfully, Frederick W. Boschen Acting Hospital Steward, U. S. Army. [*5623*][*5624*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 23 1900 Filed by...*] AMERICAN EMBASSY. LONDON. 8 December 1900 My Dear Roosevelt. I send you an advance print of my address on Lincoln Yours most truly and with warmest congratulation on all your triumphs Joseph H.Choate Hon Theodore Roosevelt. State of New York, Senate Chamber, Albany. Timothy E. Ellsworth. 45.District. Lockport, N. Y., Dec. 8th, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, New York. My dear Governor:- I have yours 6th inst. I shall take pleasure in endeavoring to aid Senator Cocks in the matter regarding Mr. Knapp to which you refer, doing what I may to accomplish the purpose desired. Very Truly, [*T. E. Ellsworth*] [*5625*]WILLIAM H. H. LLEWELLYN, ATTORNEY AT LAW DISTRICT ATTORNEY FOR DONA ANA AND OTERO COUNTIES, THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT NEW MEXICO TERMS OF COURT LAS CRUCES [????] COUNTY: FIRST MONDAYS IN APRIL AND OCTOBER A[?????????????] COUNTY: FIRST MONDAYS IN MAY AND NOVEMBER LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO, December, [?], 1900. My Dear Colonel:-- I have just had a talk with Capt Carrotte Sheriff of this county who has very recently been invited by Sheriff V.R.Baker of Otero County,[?.?] to join him in a hunting party to go into the Sacramento Mts. Baker tells Carrott that there are plenty of Black-tail deer, wild turkey and some bear. Your car can go to Weston Siding in the heart of the mountains where there is a good ranch house and a fine place to start from, Weston Siding is on the Sacramento and Alamogordo railway, a branch line from Alamogordo 80 miles north of El Paso, Texas, This road was built upon to the top of the Sacramento Mts. and is used to haul logs down to the big mills at Alamogordo and runs up to an elevation over nine thousand feet. The scenery is the most beautiful in the Rocky Mts. It is a timbered country with glades, fine grass, springs and an ideal hunting country, you will not encounter the terrible storms you are sure to strike in Colorado, but there is some snow there now. From Westons ranch we would start with a pack outfit and get into the hunting country, commencing a few miles from the ranch. At Alamogordo there is a good hotel, electric lights bath rooms and good accommodations. Should you go to Colorado you'll doubtless be followed by Governor Thomas's game wardens. In Colorado under the Law you are only permitted to kill one deer, or one elk. 5626TO Col. Roosevelt, CONTINUATION SHEET NO. #2# FROM W. H. H. LLEWELLYN, LAS CRUCES, N. M. And I am sure that you will not kill any bear up there as they will be holed up for the winter. I notice by the papers that you are slated to hunt in Colorado, hence my anxiety. The El Paso North-eastern Railway Co. will take your car from El Paso,Home free of cost, and I have tents and camp outfit complete. If I did not think that this was the best place for you to hunt and thoroughly rest up I would not ask you to come here. I have hunted in the [???] country, it is such a great distance from the railroad and there is actual danger of your being snowed in. Whatever you conclude to do kindly advise me. Faithfully yours. [*W. H. H. Llewellyn*] Dictated:-- 5627[[shorthand]][*Duplicate*] Stickney, Spencer & Ordway, CABLE ADDRESS: "FIBROUS". Counselors at Law. Albert Stickney. No. 31 Nassau Street, Nelson L. Spencer. Samuel H. Ordway. Otto C. Wierum Jr. New York, Dec, 8th, 1900. George [?], [?], Secretary of the Civil Service Reform Association, [?] Village Street, City. Dear Sir: I have reviewed with care, the proposed regulations of the State Civil Service Commission in regard to exemptions from competitive examination in the office of the Sheriff of Erie County, and pursuant to your request write you this [?] rough and [?] [?] statement of my [?]. There are in [?] one [?] [?] Sheriffs, the other [?] the [?] of the sheriff employed in the Erie County jail, it [?] in [?] that the Civil [?] ought to oppose [?] of [?] [?], on it [?] to me that they are not justif[?] under the Civil [?] law of the constitution of the state of New York So far as the [?] for the [?] of deputy sheriffs is concerned, it [?] to be [?] upon two [?], first, that such deputy sheriffs are "[?] [?] [?] to [?] generally for and in place of their principals", and are therefore entitled to exemption as a matter of law, and, [?] that their positions are of such an important and confidential character that the filling of the [?] by competitive examination is not practicable. 5628C.McA.2. I have read Mr. Fleishman's brief and Mr. Wilson' letters, but cannot agree with them that the deputy sheriffs of Erie County are exempt to a matter of law under the provision of the statute is alluded to. My understanding of that provision of the statute is that it was intended to apply not to a large class of deputies, but to a single deputy, or at least not exceeding a very limited number. Under the statutes the Sheriff of Erie County substantially has power to appoint as many deputies as he may see fit. He could, if he wants, appoint every subordinate to his office down to the scrubwoman, deputy Sheriffs. There is, however, one officer subordinate to his who is in every state of this word, his Deputy, that is the Under Sheriff, and to [?] [?] that is the officer that the provision of the Statute above cited refers to. I tied my opinion not only upon my [?] as to the limitation of the statute, but also upon the strict wording thereof. It applies only to those deputies who are authorized by law to act generally for and in place of the Sheriff. The Under Sheriff is the only officer in the Sheriff's office who is authorized to act generally for him and in his place. It is true that Deputy sheriffs are authorized to act in manyrespects for and in place of the Sheriff, but not in all respects. Whereas, so far as I have been able to discover, the Under Sheriff is authorized to act for the Sheriff in all respects. For example, when the death penalty was executed by hanging, instead of by electricity, only the Sheriff or the Under Sheriff could execute the same (Former Code Criminal, Procedure, Secs. 307,308). Warrants by the Governor for the arrestC.McA.3. of fugitives from justice in extradition cases are to be issued to the Sheriff or the Under Sheriff, and not to Deputy Sheriffs (code Civ, procedure, (1887). Only the Sheriff or the under Sheriff can drop grand, jurors to Revised Statutes, 120, (10), or trial jurors (Code Civ. Procedure, Secs. 1040 to 1044). So also in case of the Sheriff's death, the Under Sheriff sits for him [( )]. If there is no under Sheriff when a vacancy occurs in the office of Sheriff, then the Coroner acts, but not a Deputy Sheriff (1, [?]...). So far as the stated reason for the exemption of Deputy Sheriffs to command, that their positions are such that competitive examinations are not practicable, this of course is a question of fact, rather than of law, and I think that it will be wanted by all who are familiar with the New York Sheriff's office that the filling of the position of Deputy Sheriff's by competitive examination is entirely practicable and most desirable. I have no personal familiarity with the Erie County Sheriff's office, and possible conditions may to different, but I doubt if they are substantially so. So far as I am sure, Deputy Sheriffs in large cities, whatever their legal authority may be, are in fact assigned to do certain subordinate work, such as the levy of executions, the keeping of property, the making of arrests, etc. The performance of the duties of Deputy Sheriffs does, it is true, involve the responsibility of the Sheriff, but is in no sense confidential, and involves no more trust and confidence than a thousand other subordinate positions. [*5630*]C.McA.4. which could be named, and which are classified as competitive. The fact that the Sheriff is responsible for their acts, however it may have affected the matter under the former Civil Service Law, ought to have no controlling weight under the present law, for the reason that Section 15 of the present law on the subject of the competitive class provided as follows: "That the position to be filled "involves fiduciary responsibility, the appointing officer, where otherwise prohibited by law, may require the appointee to furnish a "bond or other security, and shall notify the state or municipal commission of the [?] and necessary details thereof." This clearly implies, and has always been construed to meaning, that the fact that a position involves fiduciary responsibility is in itself no reason for the position being exempted from competitive examination. There are hundreds of positions which involve the responsibility of the superior officer, but which nevertheless have always been classified as competitive, and are so classified to-day. Prominent instances of this are subordinate positions in the offices of the Comptroller and of other financial officers, and any others could be appointed, is a matter of fact the County Sheriffs in New York. County are required to give a large bond to protect the Sheriff. I do not know whether this is required in this County, but presume that the Sheriff has power to require it there as he sees fit. The arguments stated above against the exemption of County Sheriffs apply with much greater force to the second resolution propose, which exempts from competitive examination the Jail assistants [*5631*]C.McA.5. assistants of the Erie County Sheriff including "one jailer, one turnkey, two assistant turnkeys, two matrons, three guards, which I presume means all of the employees of the Sheriff in or about the jail. The only reason stated for exempting these subordinates is that the Sheriff is responsible for their duty, the insufficiency of this reason for their exemption has been commented upon above but I still again point out that the two duties the Sheriff responsible for the duty of all of his subordinates, but if that is a reason for exempting them from competitive examination, it seems that all subordinates, of all Sheriffs, of all counties in the State, are entitled to be exempted from competitive examination. More than this, it will undoubtedly be claimed that the same reason exists for exempting all examinations to the offices of all [?] officers to the State, and of all cities and counties thereof, further, it may well [?] that other officers will have [?] introduced into the laws regulating their offices providing that they shall be responsible for their subordinates, and surely all subordinate officers will be removed from the competitive class, and there will be an end to the civil service system as at present organized. I feel especially strongly as the subject of this raised resolution, for it seems to me to contain within itself the [?game] of a movement which may result in absolutely defunding all the work that has been done towards the reorganization and perfection of the Civil-Service of the State of New York and of the cities and counties thereof. It seems to me on this general subject that the Commission is inclined [*5632*]C.McA.6. inclined to give too much weight to what was said by the majority of the almost equally divided Court of Appeals in the Crittenden case. That case was decided upon the old Civil Service law, and not upon the present one, and it seems to me should not be regarded as a controlling authority under this present statute. However that decision was rendered in a case shows the Commission had exempted the position and not in a case above the Commission had classified the positions as competitive. If the latter had been the case, I venture to express the opinion that the decision of the Court would have been the other way. In any event, the Court stood four to three, and while the case is law as it stands, it must be regarded as controlling the application of the law in other and different offices from those which were considered to in that case. While there may be room for difference of opinion as to whether it is desirable to exempt county sheriffs from competitive examination, it seems to me that there are to some on the question of exempting such subordinates as turnkeys, matrons and guards from competitive examination. It seems to us that as good a Civils Service reformer as Gov. Roosevelt would be disinclined to approve at least of this second resolution, I can hardly believe that Messrs. Burt, Collier and Pound[?] are prepared to adopt it. I return the letters from Mr. Willcox and Mr. Loomis and Mr. Fleischman's brief. Yours very truly, Samuel H. Ordway, Chairman Law Committee (Enclosure) [*5633*]REGULATIONS GOVERNING PASSAGE OF CHINESE IN TRANSIT THROUGH UNITED STATES (Amendatory of Department Circular No. 100 of September 28, 1889.) 1900. Department Circular No. 163 Treasury Department OFFICE OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION, Washington, D.C., December 8, 1900. To Collectors of Customs and all other Officers charged with the enforcement of the Chinese-Exclusion Laws: Complaints having reached the Department of attempted violations of the laws enacted for the exclusion of Chinese by those who have been allowed to pass through the United States to foreign territory, the following rules are hereby adopted for your guidance in granting permission for such transit: Any Chinese person arriving at your port claiming to be destined to some foreign country and seeking permission to pass through the United States, or any portion thereof, to reach such alleged foreign destination, shall be granted permission for such transit only upon complying with the following conditions: 1. The applicant shall be required to produce to the collector of customs at the first port of arrival a through ticket across the whole territory of the United States (and to him or her alleged foreign destination according to the steamship manifest) intended to be traversed, and such other proof as he (or she) may be able to adduce, to satisfy the said collector that a bona fide transit only is intended, and such ticket and other evidence presented must be so stamped, or marked, and dated by the said collector, or such officer as he shall designate for that purpose, as to prevent their use a second time; but no such applicant shall be considered as intending bona fide to make such transit only, if he (or she) has previously, on same arrival, made application for and been denied admission to the United States. 2. The applicant in each case, or some responsible person on him (or her) behalf, or the transportation company whose through ticket he (or she) holds, shall furnish to the said collector of customs a bond in a penal sum of not less than $500, conditioned for applicant's continuous transit through, and actual departure from. the United States within a reasonable time. not exceeding twenty days from the date of arrival at said port. 3. The said applicant shall furnish to the collector of customs at the first port of arrival four photographs of himself, to be taken as directed by said collector, which shall be used in the manner specified in the following rules. 4. The collector of customs shall prepare a descriptive list of such applicants, bound in book form, for file in his office, containing as to each applicant information in the following form, to which one of the photographs mentioned in rule 3 above shall be permanently attached: 5634[*[Enc in Powderly 4-4-01]*] Description list of Chinese persons in transit through the United States. Name.| Age.| Occupation.| Last place of residence. Height. Feet. Inches. |Complexion. | Color of eyes.| Physical marks Port of ----- ______, 190_. I have made a strict examination for, and noted the physical peculiarities of, --- ---, whose photograph appears hereon, and am satisfied of his (or her) bona fide intention to pass through and out of the United States, and have permitted his (or her) landing under bond, for that purpose. Collector. (Photograph, with seal of collector partly covering name, but not to cover any part of face.) 5. Two copies of the foregoing description must be prepared by the said collector, on corresponding detached blanks, to each of which a photograph of applicant is permanently attached, sealed as above, one of which is to be kept in the files of the collector's office, or in the office of the Chinese inspector assigned to said collector, and the other to be forwarded by mail to the collector of customs at the proposed port of exit, to the first-mentioned copy being attached loosely the fourth paragraph of those required by rule 3 above. 6. When the applicant reaches the port of exit, he (or she) shall be compared by the collector, or inspector assigned to that duty, with the photograph and description contained in the copy of the descriptive list forwarded from the port of first arrival, and, if found to agree therewith, shall be allowed to pass through to the foreign country of destination, the officer who makes the comparison indorsing on the said copy the following legend appropriately filled in: Port of (departure) --, -, --, 190-. I have compared -- with copy of descriptive list forwarded by the collector of customs at ---, --, and, having no doubt of his (or her) identity, have seem him (or her) depart for --, --, via (proper railroad or steamship line). --, --, Inspector. Filled in offices of collector of customs at - - , -, 190- --, --, File Clerk. 7. Upon receipt of a report from the collector that the applicant has passed through the port of exit, as stated by inspector's return according to the foregoing rule, the collector at the first port of arrival shall cancel the bond given in accordance with rule 2, above. T.V. POWDERLY, Commissioner-General. Approved: L. J. Gage, Secretary.[shorthand] [*Personal*] Saturday - Philad 4041 Walnut Dec 8 1900 My Dear Sir- I was born in this - Harrison - twenty miles from Cincinnati - in which town in C - my mother, a preachers wife, - left 4 Brick Houses, just being "divided", among 9 children, and 38 Grandchildren! That number in that My Mother (she left the earthly for the Heavenly then, at 92) was a strong Grand woman (beautifully created by James Matlack - a quaker member of Congress, in N Jersey); who taught me her eldest boy that the Lord wd take care of a man, even in politics! - She didn't know a man must have a heap of worldly sense and judgment breadth! in Political I have kept a nasantly close eye on Ohio politics for a quarter of a century & saw Garfield vault onto a Presidential [* Hannah her treats you well! so try & [?]- Mr.S [*5635*]3/ This is impotant, in showing what Hanna would do in the "Green Tre" he wd do in the "dry" - But he Cant buy the great heart of the north which shill throbs for my knight of the politics, of the 20th Century, Theodore Roosevelt! If high Hanna dont want to be President, But knowing him I think he is playing on the "Lyre" (liar)'. He may have the sciatica too badly to be a candidate. But the better reason will be (that with all Kindness and Even tenderness for McKinly) the people have got enough of this (Hays called it "the Mediterranean pf States') for Quarter of a Century. All you have to do is to [????ts] the Art of waiting" As ever yours Jm Matlack Scovel [*[?? ???] the magazines said "Senator Hanna has "a cash-register conscience"! Good bye JmS.*] [*2*] Nomination was the dead [?] I go John Sherman! I saw it It becomes natural for an Ohio man to biting somebody! And I believe we [?] as the best of the whole Brickery gang, albeit my [?] or Law a Sugar Plank on the Boyer Ticket in La-told me (with particulars) how Hanna [?] bought up every available niger not in La- and every available white man too for McKinley St. Louis convention and this, is why they knocked Quay ([?]) out of a nomination so quickly. Our Ohio man Howell (who carried the ["B???"]) is now in the New Orleans Custom House under a man (the Head officer, Coelista) with a french name! and both these men verified the [?] [?] [?] (Planter) told me [*5636*][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by...*] MASSACHUSETTS DELEGATION, TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL, NASHVILLE. Dec. 8, 1900 Dear Teddy This is the only paper which I find in my office except business & I am "on pleasure bent"- I have the Patriots Dining Club dining with me on Wednesday Dec 19th at 7.30 pm. & we should all enjoy it if you would join us. I am writing in case you would be able to care to come over. [*5637*]Hoping you may be able to manage it tho' I know how doubtful it is I am faithfully yours Wm D. Lohier 79 Beacon St. Boston Dec. 8. 1900 Put up with me of course for as long as you like. Its nothing except a mans dinner. Geo Lyman, Murray Crane Harry Parkman, Geo Meyer, Curtis Guild, Joe Bigelow, [Carti?] [Feu?] Steve [???] &c. About 16 in all. The 3 last are not regular members but I have asked them in. As I say I've nothing to offer but a mans dinner & a glad welcome from a lot of good fellows. [*5638*][*Confidential *] New York City 202. West 80th St Dec. 9. [*[00]*] Hon. Theodore Roosevelt- Gvnor My dear Sir, I know of no men who have a greater responsibility and influence than you and Wm C. Whitney for the future of this country. The late election, in which you took part so prominently- with your personal popularity, makes you a prominent power in the next Presidency- the solid south [*5639*]may be made no longer solid or it may with discontented elements in the north which the last election shows exists in great force became a dangerous element to the established order and to the business and social conditions It is with that view that I write you - and it is for you to consider and decide how far you will illustrate your life for the public good & for the distinction of the country Yours [???????] allyall do well - Yours very truly Joseph H. Choate Hon. Theodore Roosevelt [shorthand] 5640 [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC20 1900 Filed by _______________ *] AMERICAN EMBASSY. LONDON. 9 December 1900 My Dear Roosevelt, As you may have already learned - Frederic Harrison - the English essayist and scholar - and for some years Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law at the Inns of Court, is going to Chicago, on the 22nd of February next to deliver the annual oration in Washington upon the invitation of the Union League Club -after which he goes to Harvard to talk to the students upon the invitation of President Eliot - As I am largely responsible for his being invited to Chicago and for his accepting the invitation. I want him to see all the lions including yourself. And as he will of course visit Washington. I hope that he may be permitted to see you in your new role of V.P. presiding over the Senate. and perhaps you will take him to the White House and introduce him to the President - He is a great enthusiast for America and for Washington. and is worthy of all acceptation. I think that his writings have been largely read in America - and of course the literary men know all about him. I enclose his recent review in "The Speaker" of your Oliver Cromwell - How do you find time to do so many things - and do them[shorthand] [*5641*] 1733. R. Street. December 9- 1900 Darling Theodore- It will be enchanting to have you here Will is so glad & Hopkinson is yearning & Baby [?] which is Uncle Teddy's chair- Today I am going on to see my little [H??] & to be at James Roosevelt's funeral I will miss him he has been a very loyal friend & I alwaysAsk who you please to what meals you please Will & I consent in your doing so, as Corinne says she "is accustomed to having my guests dictated to me"- felt keenly his devotion to Father during all the sad minutes before his death & he was honorable in a [fr] degree not understood by many - If practicable I will come down by the same train You do Tuesday if not then on Wednesday to see you after the parade & before Cabot's dinner. Devotedly Bye [*[AR Cowles]*]I saw Arthur Lee in London the day before I sailed, he was in great form, immensely pleased at his election, & full of ambition to succeed in the House of Commons. - He is very anxious you should go over to Hyland for a visit, before you enter on your office at Washington, & if you could go, I feel sure, he would do his utmost to give you a good time. - With my kindest regards to Mrs. Roosevelt Believe me Yours faithfully Gerald C Kitson. [shorthand] [*[12-9-00]*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by*] British Embassy, Washington. My dear Governor Roosevelt I have to thank you for your very kind letter of the 5th inst. which I only received this morning on my return from Hyland, where I had been for orders. - I heard over there, that my appointment was greatly due to a letter, you were good enough to write to Lord Minto about me & for this also I owe you my deepest gratitude, especially as I hear that [*5642*]half the British Army were trying for the appointment. There is one thing more, I would ask for you to do for me, Could you help me to an acquaintance, or may I say friendship, with the Secretary of War, Mr. Root, Arthur Lee told me he was a great friend of yours, & though Lee has given me a letter of introduction to him, I feel sure a letter from you would be of great service to me. Lord Wolseley's instructions to me were that I was to make myself of use to the American Army in every possible way, & I am most anxious to get a chance of being so.- I expect to be going to Canada about the 18th of Dec. & if there was a chance of seeing you in Albany on my way up, I would like very much to pay my respects to Mrs. Roosevelt & yourself.- I came over in the same ship with young Winston Churchill, if you should come across him, you will find him a very amusing and interesting companion, he has perhaps a little too much self assurance, but is a real good fellow at heart & I am sure you would like him. [*5643*]EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 17 1900 Filed by The Outlook 267 Fourth Ave (near 23d Street) New York Editorial Staff Lyman Abbott, Editor in Chief Hamilton W.Mable, Associate Editor R. D. Townsend Charles B. Spahr Elbert F. Baldwin James M. Whiton December 10, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of New York State, Albany, New York. My dear Roosevelt: I take the liberty of enclosing to you the advance proof of an editorial which will appear in this week's Outlook. It appears to me that if the Republican party could agree, as I should suppose they easily could, upon a joint resolution involving a pledge to the Filipinos of the civil and religious services enjoyed by citizens of the United States, and a self-government analogous though not necessarily identical with that of a Territory of the United States, both of these promises to be immediately fulfilled on the cessation of the guerilla warfare and the pacification of the islands, it would hardly be possible for the Democrats to vote against such a resolution. If they did, they would certainly put themselves in the wrong before the country; if they did not, the whole country would make its guarantee 5644The Outlook 287 Fourth Avenue (near 234 Street) New York The Outlook 267 Fourth Ave (near 23d Street) New York Editorial Staff Lyman Abbott, Editor in Chief Hamilton W.Mable, Associate Editor R. D. Townsend Charles B. Spahr Elbert F. Baldwin James M. Whiton to the Filipinos, and one cause for continuing in arms would be taken away, and the spirit and purpose of those Filipinos who are already rather inclined to be loyal to the American Government, would be greatly strengthened. Personally I should be glad to see these resolutions accompanied by another promising that when the pacification of the islands was complete, a joint Commission of Americans and Filipinos should be in some way constituted to consider and report upon the future relations of the Archipelago to the United States, so that while the United States would not be pledged to adopt the Filipinos' recommendations, it would be pledged to take these recommendations into consideration. Such a joint resolution need not stand in the way of a bill definitely providing a form of government for the Philippine Archipelago, but might rather, one would think, prepare a way for it. And it would enable the 5645[[shorthand]]The Outlook 287 Fourth Avenue (near 23d Street) New York Editorial Staff Lyman Abbott, Editor in Chief Hamilton W.Mable, Associate Editor R. D. Townsend Charles B. Spahr Elbert F. Baldwin James M. Whiton 3 Filipinos to know at once authoritatively what the United States proposes to do if those in arms against the United States lay down their arms and submit to its authority. You will know whether there is anything in this suggestion, and if so, whether it is wise to attempt any special method of putting it in the way of accomplishment. Yours sincerely, [*Lyman Abbot.*] 5646[For enc see 12-10-00]EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by Seneca Falls, N. Y., December 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N. Y. My dear Governor: I submit herewith the article for which [??] so kindly and cheerfully consented to act as preliminary editor-- a sort of buffer between the writer and a possible publisher. Its primary object, to give a deserved reputation to my son and "Your major," might be attained by the simple account of one of the battles, but it occurred to me that the renewed activity in the Philippines might create a demand for what this article attempts to be-a description of a typical campaign brought substantially to the same conclusion that we trust the whole war will be in a few months-- and giving deserved credit to several officers for both bravery in action and wisdom in administration. I desire your good judgment on this proposition also-- as the article could be cut, without defeating the primary object. I can furnish photographs for any illustration that might be desired. I have some of scenes of the battles, &c Thanking you again for the task which your interest in the young man has induced you to undertake, I am, Respectfully yours, [*Chas I. Andrews*] [*After you shall have examined this I shall be glad to talk with you about it, at your convenience.*] 5647[[shorthand]]EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by GEORGE R.BISHOP. N.Y.STOCK EXCHANGE. December 10th,1900. Gov'r Theo. Roosevelt, Albany, N., My dear Governor:-- I see that it is announced, on the program of Proceedings, that you are to be at the National League Dinner on Friday evening. It was suggested, at first, that I be on the Committee of Arrangements for the dinner, but luckily--as I am so much occupied-- I was not placed there finally,and so, know of the arrangements only from the printed announcement and what Mr Goodwin has told me this morning. I am delighted that you are to be present; and I trust that there will be no stinted recognition of your service in securing us the White Law--the best we ever had. The recognition ought to have come before. I see,also,that Mr. Schurz is to preside. That also may be in order, but I confess to regarding that gentleman with rather mixed feelings, considering all that he has said and done--and not done--since the summer of 1898. Mr Slicer--who had an engagement out of town for ten days, from which the death of Mr.Horace J. Hayden recalls him, at least for a day or two--says I have been,as he expresses it,"mad at Mr.Schurz, ever since he delivered his Chicago University Address, in Jan., 1899.I shall not deny that I was completely disgusted with that address , partly 5648 2 because of the assumption that anything so wildly irrational as some of its misapprehensions, and so inconsistent with each other as the two great fears it expressed, should be accepted by any considerable number of reasoning American citizens. I made no public criticism, but I sent a letter to Mr.McAneny--who rather idolizes Mr. S.,--a copy of which I showed to my friend Prof. Giddings, of Columbia, who said it ought to be published,because it very completely showed up the weaknesses of the Address . However, I am not thirsting for notoriety, and thought possibly Mr.Schurz might quiet down and use to some degree the reasoning powers of which we supposed he possessed a small measure at least;- so, I never had it printed. One has to exercize reserve, sometimes; and I concluded it might be well to restrain my first impulse. I now regret that I did so; and I also regret that when the Evening Post published, some time ago, an editorial on The Civil Service Fable,I had not shown up its obvious design--unless one were to assume great ignorance on the part of the writer, who was probably Mr.Godkin-- to suppress a historical fact. But I might have rested under the imputation, had I done so--as I could have done,by a simple, short quotation from Molesworth's England-- of trying to play into the hands of the enemies of Civil Service Reform . The point was, that in its effort to show, that the possession of colonies never aided the competitive system in any way, it cited the fact that Parliament passed the Acts, one for the East Indies, the other for the home administration, both in 1853--the same year-- 36493 even italicizing--a thing not common in an editorial--the fact stated, but wholly suppressing the fact that, because, as Molesworth says, of the strength of prerogative at home, the East Indies had eighteen years' experience of the competitive system, before it could be introduced into the home service,at all. I think, now, that I ought to have fired my gun,and let the Post wriggle out of the mesh created by the demonstration as best it might. No doubt the Tribune would have printed it:--I would not have gone to the Post itself expecting it would have been manly enough to make an acknowledgment of an error;--I believe you were about the only one who ever extorted a real open apology from the former leader writer of the journal in question. I suppose Mr.Schurz's resignation will come before the coming meeting, and I hope it will be accepted--I mean, of the Presidency. I believe he very much desires it. If we only had as President such a well balanced, broad minded gentleman, and at the same time accomplished lawyer, as Mr.Henry Hitchcock of St. Louis, I think it would be better for the League; and as to the City Ass'n, some appropriate person might be found. I may be so engaged that I cannot attend many of the meetings( I have my ticket for the Dinner), but I hope provision will be made for conducting all our business on rational lines; that we may have executive officers who will be in accord with those in authority whom they will have occasion to approach, in the interest of the Reform. The attitude of some of our friends has been picturesquely ludicrous [*5650*]4 ludicrous, during our whole campaign lately ended.The Mail and Express published part of a letter of mine declining honorary membership in the Association of Anti-Imperialist Clubs, in which I drew attention to the fact that in supporting Bryan gentlemen not only voted, as much as in supporting the other ticket, for so called Imperialism, because Bryan was going to first of all establish a stable form of government in the Philippines, but voted for what the candidate himself ,if a rational creature, would regard as a usurpation, pure and simple--because he had said we got no title there, and if we got none, then our doing anything except to get out with all practicable speed, would be a usurpation--doing that which we had no authority for doing. I showed this,or sent it, to one of our active civil service people--one who, I think, some time ago registered at a Primary as a Republican--and it made no impression;--I doubt if he saw the point of the usurpation at all; or else, that was one matter which he no more appreciated than Mr. Schurz has been able to comprehend an international obligation. The above rather hurriedly thrown together observations will indicate to you that I have had very great dissatisfaction-- perhaps I should say I have felt extreme disgust--with the attitude of some of our friends; and I send you this believing that you must have had the same feeling. How those people could support the candidate who embodied the very utmost antagonism to the reform,in letter and in spirit, and as to permanence of tenure was at variance with and antagonized the best men of his own party-the very founder [*5651*]5 founder of it,who, as I showed in the Tribune, wrote a very stiff letter in denunciation of the Four Years Law,--as against candidates identified for years with the reform, the head of the ticket making most ample provision for a strict application of the highest and broadest ideas,in the Eastern service,- has been one of the mysteries that I have been unable to fathom. Our friend Wheeler, a Democrat, has been with us, right through , never for a moment tolerating the idea that it would be justifiable to turn over the Eastern service to those representing and emphasizing the"spoils" idea. The attitude of some of these other friends, whose names I need not mention, has certainly been one of the paradoxes of the century. I hope to see you on Friday evening. Have you seen the Parkman biography? I have read it, and have been glad to get so much insight into the great historian's life. It has occurred to me that a suggestion you once made, when I was expressing a good deal of admiration for Mr.Lodge--about the time,I think, that he delivered his Phi Beta Kappa address at Cambridge-- might possibly [still] yet be carried into effect;--that is, if I were in Washington when you and he were there, that you would bring us together.That would please me very much. I am, very sincerely,-- [*Geo. R. Bishop;*] [*5652*][[shorthand]][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by...*] Wyoming Southern Railway Company. Henry H. Boyce. H. A. Trambach, President. #71 Broadway, N. Y. Saratoga, Wyoming. Dec. 10, 1900. Gov. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N. Y. My dear Sir:- I am glad to learn that you are going to spend some time in the Mountains near the country into which we are building a little line of railroad. I regret that our operations are not a year in advance or we should be glad to send you over our line at least part way into the mountains. From the published news of your intended trip I infer that you are to leave the Union Pacific at some point near Rock Springs and I presume that whoever planned the trip knows the ground thoroughly. It is well known however that the easiest and quickest way to reach the big game country, being the western part of Routt County, Colorado is to go from Denver via the D. & R. G. railroad and take the stage at Rifle for Steamboat Springs. Making that point headquarters you can get the best of outfits and you are in the very heart of the Rockies where big game is plentiful. As I shall be out in that country after the first of the year I wish I might be able to do something to make your trip even more pleasant and profitable. My home is in Westchester County, N. Y. where my Republican brethren have agreed to send me to the next National Convention from the 16th District, where I hope I go to cast a vote for you as our candidate for President in 1904. Soon after you became Ass't. Secretary of the Navy I wrote you saying that the American people looked to you to build the most powerful navy afloat and you replied that you were glad to have me say it. How well you did your full duty there, the whole world now knows, and applauds you for it. Most of us little thought of the Spanish War at that time. If you did you are "wiser than your day and generation." If however you had known all about it you could not have done better than you did. Since then you have become Colonel, Governor and Vice-President. I sincerely hope, and confidently expect to see you elected President in 1904 and shall do what I can in my humble way to that end. Faithfully yours, [*Henry H. Boyce*] 5653Monday - Dec 10 1900 [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by...*] Union Club, Fifth Avenue & 21st Street. My dear Colonel, I am in receipt of G.01.6 H.q.MS.NY "to "consider proposed" "amendments to the" "present military code" Allow me to thank you for the honor & also to say that you have now [*5654*]to do a job & ask his bookkeeper to say if it is well done. That bookkeeper dare not say his mind. Thanking you for the honor conferred Very sincerely yours McCoskoy Butt initiated a reform and [showed] for the first time to my knowledge ordered done the correct thing about these changes in the Code. It is sure to stop scandals & fights. We should have an Inspector General reporting to the Governor direct. It is not proper for a man [*5655*][*159*] Pekin, China, Received December 10, 1900. 9.30 p.m. Adjutant General's Office. December 10. Number 101. Matters so shaped have decided keep Joseph C.Byron here, sending James B.Aleshire Manila, instead. So ordered some time ago, but it has been impossible to spare James B.Aleshire from Tisn Tsin, in connection with forwarding supplies before Bay closed. General Charles F.Humphrey reports great discrepancies property responsibility, receiving, shipping, and shift of stores at Tongku and Tien Tsien, and that James B. Aleshire should stay until affairs are straightened out. I have authorized this, directing make all possible haste in the matter. First railroad repair train arrived yesterday. Temperature at day-break ten degrees; troops in tents comfortable. Paymaster arrives to-morrow. Mail arrangements unsettled; no boat obtained yet but General Charles F.Humphrey trying charter one. City and surrounding country quiet. *** *** *** Chaffee. -o0o- 5656State of New York. Attorney General's Office, Albany, December 10th,1900. To the Honorable, The Governor. Dear Sir:- In reply to your note of November 27th, "What about Captain Goddard's request for a Special Term to try policy cases;" permit me to say that the request made by Captain Goddard for an extraordinary term of the Supreme Court to be held in December, say about the 5th, 6th or 7th or somewhere along there "to try policy cases", it will be impossible to do this as the law provides that a notice of at least thirty days must be filed with the County Clerk and a Judge designated to try them before the Trial Term begins. You will see, therefore, that it was impossible even at the time that Captain Goddard wrote his letter for this to have been done and I most thoroughly doubt the expediency of your calling an extraordinary term of court to be held at any time after your administration has closed. Very truly yours, [*John C Davies*] Attorney-General. ENCLOSURE. 5657 Respectfully referred to Captain Goddard by the Governor for his information.represent the high-water mark of my recollections of this "wieldy" tour- The three facts: that I had not seen you with a hat before, that I did not expect to see you in N. Y. a few hours after leaving Albany, and- that I am a German Professor whose reputation requires according to historical tradition "Verglas lodebreit" and a "floating mind", will, I hope, serve as an excuse why I did not recognize you on Friday evening at once. I am afraid I was the only man on the trolley-car who did not, and think absent-mindedness is a bad thing. [*5658*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by...*] THE CITY CLUB OF NEW YORK 19 WEST 34TH STREET Dec. 10. 1900. Sir, It is with a feeling of real gratification that I express my sincere obligation and thanks for the kind reception I met with at the Executive Mansion in Albany. Goethe says: "Nichts gleicht dem Genius, em'en grossen Mann getroffen en haben"- and for this enjoyment I am greatly indebted to you. The day spent in Albany will in many respectsIn case you allow me to have the questions of your "Coat of Arms" investigated, please let me have a copy, if possible, in colours. It shall give me the greatest pleasure to get all available information about it. I take the liberty to include an article on the effect of the Blockade on the Southern States during the Civil War which I wrote a few months ago. Will you kindly submit the expressions of gratitude for your hospitality to Mrs. Roosevelt, together with my respectable compliments. Yours very respectfully, Ernst von Halle His excellency, Governor Theodore Roosevelt Albany, N.Y.EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 10 1900 Filed by Bethel Mil. Acady. Va. Dec. 10th 1900. His Excellency Gov Theodore Roosevelt Albany N.Y. My dear Colonel, After consultation with Congressman Elliott in Washington recently, I find that sections 16,17 and 20 of the Army bill as passed by the House on the 7th inst., provide for fifty-four Quartermasters, twenty seven Commissions and twenty seven Pay masters, all with the rank of Captain, and authorizing the President to appoint to these positions officers of Volunteers whose commissions bear date since April 21st 1898. This is the only 56593 the lines just stated- he mentioned the fact that he knew you and said he would write you about the change from the plan relative to retirement to the one I have just outlined. I shall be very grateful to you for any assistance that may induce the President to give me one of the appointments referred to. As Colonel Elliott is to write you I will leave the form of this assistance untouched upon, knowing well that you will understand, much better than I, just what is needed. With great regard, I am sincerely yours, M.J. Jenkins. 2 provision in the bill under which my officer on the Rough Riders could be given the grade of Captain. I should of course, have preferred re-instatement in the line, but Colonel Elliott seems to think such a bill not only doubtful but almost certain to drag through two or three sessions. The fate of the sections to retire certain General officers, has decided me to ask you to do what you can to secure me, first- a Captaincy in the Quater- Master's Dept: 2nd in the Commissary and last in the Pay Dept. should the others in turn be impossible. Colonel Elliott is undertaking to carry through the matter along 5660LAW OFFICES OF LAUGHLIN & EWELL, 1212 Prudential Building, Buffalo, N.Y. John Laughlin. Joseph E. Ewell. Walter F. Hoffeins. George W. Gillette Telephone, Seneca No. 360. December I0th, I900 EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED Dec 10 1900 The Honorable Theodore Roosevelt, Governor, Albany, N.Y. My Dear Governor:- I regret being the source of any embarrassment to you, but by reporting my interview with you at the Executive Mansion four weeks ago to-night, as I understood it, I now find myself greatly embarrassed. After asking as to the expiration of the terms for which Judges Rumsey and McLaughlin were assigned and saying that you believed the constitution contemplated retation or change in these assignments every five years, and that if these vacancies occurred during the balance of your term you would appoint my brother and Judge Russell, I understood you to say you would explain what your wishes had been in regard to Frank to Mr. Odell and ask the latter to transfer him to the First Department, if you did not have the opportunity yourself before January 1st. I wrote Judge Cohen the substance of the interview as I understood it that night before leav- ing Albany, and the same information was conveyed to Senator Platt and Mr. Odell. Thereafter I was informed that your recommendation to Govern- er-elect Odell would have great weight; hence my letter to you of the 3rd inst. I recall that you spoke of not wishing to make endorse- ments to Mr. Odell the day we were at his house at Newburg, but did not think of it in connection with our later talk at Albany. I gathered from our interview then that in addition to your desire to do me a favor, which I assure you I greatly appreciate, you wished to do what you could to have your own intentions carried out so as to relieve the embarrassment surrounding my brother's assignment to Rochester (which you considered only temporary) and the circumstances which made it impossible for you to send him to New York later when there was a vacancy as you intended, and did not understand you as making your promise to recommend that it be done by your successor conditioned upon his asking for you recommenda- tion. Much as I regret that owing to the inaccuracy of my un- derstanding I have been lead to give assurances that I cannot carry out, I deeply deplore having caused you any embarrassment. I hope you under- stand me well enough to know that I would never knowingly do it. While in New York last Friday on canal affairs I saw Mr. Odell, and I explained to him that I must have misunderstood you. I have thus laid the situation fully before you knowing that if you can see any way open to you to help me you will do so. What would you think of a letter from you to me which I could send to Mr. Odell, referring to Your desire to send Frank to New York, you assurance at the time you as- signed him to Rochester that you intended to transfer him when opportunity offered, and whatever you see fit to say as to what you would like to see done in the premises when a vacancy occurs? Perhaps some better plan will suggest itself to you. With kindest regards, believe me, Faithfully yours, John Laughlin 5661 [[shorthand]]1219 Manila, received December 10, 1900. 12.25 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. September 19, Novaliches, Luzon, I, 27th Infantry, June E. Plemons, thigh slight; September 18, K, 27th Infantry, William J. Armour, scalp slight; December 4, Cabiao, Luzon, L, 22d Infantry, William Dold; abdomen serious; December 3, Capas, Luzon, C, 12th Infantry, John P. Ritchey, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; December 6, Rio Chico, Luzon, A, 4th Cavalry, Sergeant John Schwartz, face severe; First Sergeant James Alexander, shoulder moderate; November 20, San Rouque, Luzon, B, 47th Infantry, Peter J.O'Brien, knee moderate; November 22, Bulysan, Luzon, Acting Assistant Surgeon Frederick J. Jackson, knee moderate; August 5, San Ildofonse, 33d Infantry, 1st Lieutenant Thomas L. Sherbourne, hand moderate; September 2, San Gregorio, Luzon, C, 33d Infantry, Corporal Richard Geiger, arm serious. MacArthur. -o0o- Manila, Received December 10, 1900. 12.50 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Following deaths have occurred since last report: Dysentery: December 3, K, 8th Infantry, Michael Welch; November 30, I, 2d Infantry, Henry Waldschmidt; November 24, E, 33d Infantry, Owen Reilly; August 1, M, 47th Infantry, S[????]k Henry Carnahan. Suicide: December 5, K, 32d Infantry, Leroy Taylor; December 6, F, 3d Cavalry, Alfred Hartley; October 17, B, 19th Infantry, Sergeant John Dudley. Died from wounds received in action: December 2, F, 36th Infantry, Ulric Jusseaume; December 4, C, 12th Infantry, John P. Ritchey; December 6, L, 22d Infantry, William Dold. Variola: December 4, G, 48th Infantry, William K. Harden; December 8, E, 48th Infantry, Grant Latimer. Killed by comrade: November 30, M, 49th Infantry, Sergeant George Givens. Killed by sentry by mistake: November 21, B, 45th Infantry, Shan Doyle. Drowned: December 1, D, 1st Cavalry, Vincent Zlatnieki. Uraemia: December 8, B, 34th Infantry, Isaac Thomas. Chloroform Narcosis: December 2, C, 17th Infantry, Charles H. Stinnett. Tuberculosis: December 1, H, 48th Infantry, Samuel Hardy. With reference to my telegram of 4th October, death of John Dolan, K, 37th Infantry, mistake; Corporal John A. Dolan, C, 37th Infantry correct. MacArthur. -o0o- 5662[*PF*] The Arlington: T. E. ROESSLE, Proprietor. WASHINGTON, D. C. Dec. 10, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber, Albany,N.Y. My dear Governor:- I have an affection for Chandler and a great affection for you, and any suggestion from you would be a command. I have already tried to do everything in my power for him. It must be done in a delicate way. I mean to seek an opportunity to have a chat with you before the 4th of March. Sincerely yours, J H Manley [shorthand] [*5663*]days or so before you leave New York. Very Sincerely yours Randolph Morris. [shorthand] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 17 1900 Filed by...*] Dec-10-1900 To his Excellency The Governor of New York. My dear Mr Roosevelt I desire to recall myself to your mind as a son of Gouverneur Morris, of Morrisania, who died 10 years ago, and grandson of the Gouverneur Morris whose life you wrote & published, as not having had the pleasure of seeing you for some time now would doubtless not remember me. The Colorado press has been quite full lately, [*5664*]of a report that you were coming out to Meeker after mountain lions, and I desired to acquaint you with the fact that you can get plenty of these animals up Parachute Creek, within but a few miles of Parachute Station on the Denver & Rio Grande Ry. where as Meeker is 45 miles by stage from Rilfe. I will be delighted to get packs of dogs and all that for you if only you will advise me ten [*5665*]War Department, Office of the Secretary. Washington. December 10, 1900. Dear Theodore: I am afraid I shall not be able to get over for the dinner on the 29th. I should like to very much, but I am continually behindhand in my work here. I am glad that, like the converted yachts of the Spanish War, you are going to lead a decent life. Your resolution for a two months' hunt shows that serene wisdom has already descended upon you. There is not the slightest possible chance for Colonel Arthur Lynch. Congress is now engaged in the first moves of a campaign to get all the volunteer officers who have held commissions since the outbreak of the Spanish-American War into the regular army. The most worthless will of course be fiercely urged for appointment. I am looking forward to an exceedingly disagreeable and thankless task in which I shall make many enemies and receive much abuse. I can oppose a worthless volunteer officer with a good volunteer officer, but I cannot very well oppose any volunteer officer with an [Englishman] outsider. Faithfully yours, [*Elihu Root*] Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of New York, Albany, N. Y. 5666WILLIAM A. OTIS & CO., BANKERS AND BROKERS. COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO. WILLIAM A. OTIS. PHILIP B. STEWART. WILLIAM P. SARGEANT. 12/10/1900. My Dear Governor Roosevelt, As to the time for leaving Colorado Spring, for Rifle, I appreciate fully your desire to avoid annoyances by tarrying En Route. Except as the fact of your leaving New York is made known ahead of your arrival, I will see to it that you are expected in Colorado on some date other than the true one. The only reason why we can not take the day train to Rifle is that it reaches there about midnight, the town is small and the hotels wholly uninviting in appearances. If you reached here on the 7:35 A. M. train, I had it in mind to secure the local pack of greyhounds and arrange for you to have a coyote chase with them. This would consume the time up to lunch & would withdraw you absolutely. This sport is exciting- I presume you have tried it.- and would give you a hardening ride with a days full rest before work in the mining country. If the day were fine, we could have lunch brought out to us and so take the whole day to it. Or you can arrange to come down from Denver on some afternoon train- or even on the same train which passes here en route [*5667*]WILLIAM A. OTIS & CO., BANKERS AND BROKERS. COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO. WILLIAM A. OTIS. PHILIP B. STEWART. WILLIAM P. SARGEANT. 2 to Rifle. In such event you would be compelled to spend some hours in Denver instead of here. I have located the territory of our hunt and shall be badly disappointed if we can not do well. I am instructing Goff to hang at once a quarter of beef and ten 'muttons' to be packed to some central place for our consumption. It is good grub that we may slip up on is there, if we don't forestall the habits of our guides who dont care what they take into their stomachs. I am also going to ship in some chickens and turkeys. I remain very Sincerely Yours Philip B Stewart [*5668*]than a casual glance (of course I wrote it all) was the preface of Recommendations to Congress for legislation - coincidentally emasculated from its original form. – I am not the same man since New Haven - but congratulate you - all of your daughters was on our car. Yours faithfully F.J. Stivenson[?] Dec 12th [*5669*] [*P F*] Dec. 10, 1900 459 Marlborough Street. My dear Gov. Roosevelt My smaller daughter promptly seized your note for the autograph, which is why I have not answered it before. My card undoubtedly dropped from the Report of the U.S. Industrial Com. (of which I am "advisory counsel") to Congress on Labor Legislation, while it (the report) was on its way to the dept. ––The only thing worth morePersonal. Headquarters Department of Cuba Havana December 10, 1900 Col. Theodore Roosevelt. Governor of New York. Albany, N.Y. Dear Theodore: - You will get more rest here than out West and will do you more good. Change your mind and come down. No one can get at you. Winter climate is delightful. I shall be bitterly disappointed if you do not come. I wish you would do this for me. The new Bill makes a lot of new general officers. I am the ranking officer of Volunteers not already made a Brigadier General of the Regulars and have occupied this position for nearly a year. I stand next to MacArthur. When the appointment of new brigadiers is made I want to come in as I stand now, namely, to be the first appointment. They can do me se- rious injury by appointing over my head men whom I have ranked for over a year, and perhaps affect my entire future prospects in the Army. There is no general officer in the Volunteers who ranks me who has not already been made a brigadier general of his Regulars. With kindest regards, Yours as ever, Leonard Wood [*[Wood]*] [*5670*]EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, [??] Filed byIndependence or Liberty America ought at once to promise the Filipinos liberty; it is not so clear that it ought at once to promise them independence. A great deal of current discussion assumes that the words are synonyms. They are not; sometimes they are absolutely inconsistent. Sometimes liberty can be secured only by the sacrifice of independence. Liberty is always a blessing; independence may easily be a curse. Spain in the sixteenth century was independent, but her people were not free. Canada in the nineteenth century is not independent and her people are free. The several States of the Union are not independent. They are dependent on each other and on the Federal Government. And they surrendered their independence and accepted this dependency the more effectually to secure and protect the liberty of their people. This is, indeed, distinctly affirmed in the preamble to the Constitution. Still more strikingly does the Civil War illustrate the contrast between independence and liberty. In that war the Southern States fought for independence, and if they had won would have established slavery for a large proportion of their population. The Northern States fought to prevent the independence of the Southern States, and winning, gave liberty to the slave. The Civil War was a war between independence and liberty. Whether a nation is morally entitled in independence or not depends upon the use it makes of independence. In our judgement, the Transvaal is not entitled to independence, because it used its independence to deny the simplest civil and religious liberties to its people. But every man is entitled to civil and religious liberty; that is, to be protected in his right to worship God according to the dictates of his own reason and conscience, or not worship if he chooses not to do so, and to use his person and his property as he likes so long as he does not use them to injure his neighbor. He who believes that the overthrow of the Spanish fleet and the subsequent treaty with Spain made the United States her to the responsibilities of the Spanish Government will not believe that the Philippines are entitled to independence until the Filipinos have proved themselves to be able to secure to their people civil and religious liberty. But the expansionist and the anti-expansionist ought to be able to agree that the Filipinos are entitled at once to civil and religious liberty. There may be, in our judgment there are, very good reasons why this United States should not now make any promise of independence to be fulfilled in the future. But there is no reason why the United States Government should not now promise to the Filipinos civil and religious liberty to be secured under military rule the civil and religious rights which Americans possess under our Constitution and Bill of Rights. We have once printed this direction, but it is at once so specific and so fundamental that we reprint it: Until Congress shall take action, I directed that: "Upon every division and branch of the government of the Philippines must be imposed these inviolable rules: That no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law; that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation; that in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, to be confronted with the witnesses against him, to haveabilities of the Spanish Government will not believe that the Philippines are entitled to independence until the Filipinos have proved themselves able to secure to their people civil and religious liberty. but the expansionist and the anti-expansionist ought to be able to agree that the Filipinos are entitled at once to civil and religious liberty. There may be, in our judgment there are, very good reasons why the United States should not now make any promise of independence to be fulfilled in the future. But there is no reason why the United States Government should not now promise to the Filipinos civil and religious liberty to be secured to them as fast as the cessation of guerrilla warfare makes it possible to fulfill the promise. The President has, indeed, directed that the Filipinos be secured under military rule the civil and religious rights which Americans possess under our Constitution and Bill of Rights. We have once printed this direction, but it is at once so specific and so fundamental that we reprint it: Until Congress shall take action, I directed that: "Upon every division and branch of the government of the Philippines must be imposed these inviolable rules: That no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation; that in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, to be confronted with the witnesses against him, to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense; that excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted; that no person shall be put twice in jeopardy for the same offense, or be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself; that the right to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated; that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist, except as a punishment for crime; and no bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed; that no law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people to peaceably assemble and petition the government for a redress of grievances; that no law shall be made respecting the establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; and that the free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed." This is explicit; it would be adequate if the powers of the President were adequate. But he expressly declares that this guarantee is good only "until Congress shall take action." And the more intelligent of the Filipinos know very well that this limitation is imposed on the President by the Constitution. He cannot make laws; he can only recommend and enforce them. He cannot commit the Nation; he can only say what he believes the nation will do. It is quite time that Congress did take action. It ought at once to guarantee to the Filipinos the civil and religious rights which the President has directed they shall enjoy until it acts. The Filipinos who are in arms against the United States have a right to know what will be done with them if they lay down their arms. The Filipinos who are hesitating whether to take up arms for or against the United States have a right to be told what will be the result to them and their people if the sovereignty of the United States is everywhere and by all accepted. And they are entitled to know this at once. While the President has furnished this temporary guarantee- and it must be remembered he could only make it temporary- the Schurman Commission have indicated the kind of government which in their judgment should be accorded to the Philippines so soon as the sovereignty of the United States is established. Their recommendation we quote: 5671 From the very outset it will be safe and desirable, in the opinion of the Commission, to extend to the Filipinos larger liberties of self- government than Jefferson approved of for the inhabitants of Louisiana, assuming that in the Sulu Archipelago, and in such portions of Mindanao andPalawan as are still occupied by tribal Indians, the government will be conducted through the agency of their Sultans, datos, or chiefs. It is to the remainder of the Philippine Islands, more particularly to Luzon, the Visayas, and the coast of Mindanao, that the Territorial form of government is to be adapted. The people of these regions, under suitable property and educational qualifications, should be permitted to elect at least the members of the lower branch of the Territorial Legislature. The model Constitution, prepared for the Commission by those Filipinos who sought to adjust the claims of the insurgent leaders to the rights of American sovereignty, provides for a Legislature whose branches are designated respectively the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Constitution proposed by the Filipinos themselves provided that the House should be elective, but that of the twenty-two Senators one-half should be elected, and one-half appointed for life by the American Governor-General; the Schurman Commission recommended that these eleven Senators be appointed by the President, and only for a brief term of years. It is not important that Congress should immediately adopt either of these plans, or, indeed, any specific plan; what is important is that Congress should declare officially and authoritatively to the Filipinos that they shall have immediately civil and religious liberty so far as we are able to secure these rights to them, and some form of civil government in which they shall have adequate representation as soon as civil government can be substitute for military government, with safety to person and property. Congress has no more important and no more immediate duty than to formulate the directions of the President and the recommendations of the Commission in a joint resolution and adopt it, so that the Filipinos may have, not the mere temporary promise from a President, nor the mere unindorsed recommendation of a Commission, but may have a pledge of the American people, enacted by their representatives who speak with authority. The Outlook, then, would like to see some Republican leader, with the approval of his colleagues, introduce into the House or the Senate a joint resolution containing four distinct clauses. The first should pledge to the Filipinos those civil and religious liberties which all Americans enjoy, and which the President has specified in the first of the above two extracts; the second should pledge to them a Territorial form of government, in which they should be represented in a popular assembly elected by the people on some basis of just and equal suffrage; the third should promise that this civil government should take the place of the military government as soon as the guerrilla warfare ceases and peace is sufficiently restored to make adequate and practicable protection of life, property, and liberty without military law; the fourth should reserve for determination the question of the final relation between the Philippine Archipelago to the United States until the guerrilla war ceases, the civil government is established, and the real wishes of the Filipinos can be ascertained in a peaceful and orderly manner. Doubtless an amendment would be introduced by the Democratic party substituting for the last of these clauses a clause in harmony with the Democratic platform- that is, a declaration promising immediate independence as soon as a stable form of government has been secured. Doubtless also this amendment would be voted down by the Republican majority. We can hardly think it doubtful that Democrats would then agree with Republicans in promising the Filipinos atCommission in a joint resolution and adopt it, so that the Filipinos may have, not the mere temporary promise from a President, nor the mere unindorsed recommendation of a Commission, but may have a pledge of the American people, enacted by their representatives who speak with authority. The Outlook, then, would like to see some Republican leader, with the approval of his colleagues, introduce into the House or the Senate a joint resolution containing four distinct clauses. The first should pledge to the Filipinos those civil and religious liberties which all Americans enjoy, and which the President has specified in the first of the above two extracts; the second should pledge to them a Territorial form of government, in which they should be represented in a popular assembly elected by the people on some basis of just and equal suffrage; the third should promise that this civil government should take the place of the military government as soon as the guerrilla warfare ceases and peace is sufficiently restored to make adequate and practicable protection of life, property, and liberty without military law; the fourth should reserve for determination the question of the final relation between the Philippine Archipelago to the United States until the guerrilla war ceases, the civil government is established, and the real wishes of the Filipinos can be ascertained in a peaceful and orderly manner. Doubtless an amendment would be introduced by the Democratic party substituting for the last of these clauses a clause in harmony with the Democratic platform- that is, a declaration promising immediate independence as soon as a stable form of government has been secured. Doubtless also this amendment would be voted down by the Republican majority. We can hardly think it doubtful that Democrats would then agree with Republicans in promising the Filipinos at least liberty and self-government, so that this guarantee would be that, not of a dominant party, but of the entire Nation. To such a guarantee the Filipinos are entitled. Such a guarantee ought to be given them by unanimous consent at once. The right of the Filipinos to liberty and self-government ought not to be made dependent on the question whether they are ready also for national independence. We cannot doubt that action by Congress, guaranteeing in the name of the Nation the implied but unauthoritative promise of the President and the recommendation of the Philippine Commission, would do something, perhaps much, to satisfy those Filipinos who are anxious only for the welfare of those people, and are willing to see that welfare secured by any plan which will assure the people their civil and religious liberties and such a share in the government as will help to make that assurance doubly sure. 5672[Enc in Abbott 12-10-00][*5000000*] [*F*] HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS NEW YORK AND LONDON FRANKLIN SQUARE, NEW YORK CITY December 11th, 1900. My dear Governor Roosevelt :- Thank you for your favor of December 7th. I shall be delighted to make use of the photographs to which you refer. If you will send them to me at once, I think it will be possible to get them in the last number of 1900, although, it may be that a pressure of other material will com- pel me to lay them over for a period of a week. If at any time there is anything I can do to aid you in any of your pious schemes for the improvement of the public morals, I hope you will remember that I am at your service. Faithfully yours, John Kendrick Bangs Editor, HARPER'S WEEKLY. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber, Albany, N.Y. [*5673*] [shorthand] [*5674*]Committee of the Judiciary United States Senate Washington, D.C. December 11, 1900 My dear Governor Roosevelt I am told you have been somewhat annoyed by a report you have seen of what I said the other day to the Harvard students. I do not think you will be in the least disturbed when you see the whole address in print, if you have time to read it. It was not reported, and what got into the newspapers evidently was from the recollection of somebody who heard it, obtained at secondhand by some reporter who did not hear it. A few sentences of it come from an article which I wrote some time ago for Scribner's, which is not yet published, and I cannot properly print the speech until after the article comes out. The main purpose of my address was to tell the boys the result of my observation, first, as to the method of acquiring the gift of public speaking, and, next, as to the qualities which would fit them to be leaders in public life, if they were so inclined, it being especially an attack on the character and methods of our friends the mugwumps. Indeed, Mr. Henry Higginson, member of the Corporation, told somebody that he thought I meant the speech for an attack on Charles Eliot Norton, who was upon the plafform. The sentence which I suppose has cought your eye was an afterthought, a little while before I dictated the address, although I had it pretty much in my mind. I met Mr. Joseph B. Warner, who married my niece, 5675 Page 2 who is an eminent lawyer in Boston, and asked him how his two boys were getting on. One of the boys is just out of college and the other about half way through, both fine scholars and in every way fine fellows, who expect to be lawyers as their ancestors have been before them. Warner said, "Why, they are all broken up." "What is the matter?" said I. "Oh, they've got all full of the strenuous life, and think they must go out West and do something that requires great method. They think the law is altogether unfit for them." That conversation induced me to put in the sentences about the strenuous life and hunting grizzly bears. I do not think any young man need be cautioned about overstrenuousness or a fondness for hunting or sporting or fighting if he will only fight wild beasts at Ephesus, as you did when you were Police Commissioner in New York, or fight political evils as you did when you stood steadfast for civil service reform, or has manifested the intellectual capacity shown by your speech on enforcement of law in New York City, or your historical and other writings. Nobody during the recent campaign has paid more hearty, zealous, and eulogistic tribute to your character and public services than I have, although I daresay there may have been others abler and more eloquent. I do not ordinarily trouble myself much to explain matters of this kind, and I suppose after the battles of this campaign, both physical and intellectual, you are not likely to disturb yourself much about slight scratches. But I would be sorry to have you 5676 PAGE 3 think I would say anything anywhere disrespectful about you, in pub- lic or private, and especially that I should say anything disres- pectful about you to Harvard students. Indeed that man would have littlecapacity for successful public speaking, or for pleasing audi- ences, who should try anything of that kind on to Harvard students about you just now. I am, with high regard, faithfully yours, Geo F Hoar The Honorable Theodore Roosevelt. 5677CORNELL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Ithaca, N.Y., Dec. 11, 1900 [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 17 1900 Filed by...*] Gov. Theodore Roosevelt Albany, N.Y. Dear Governor Roosevelt: I saw Mr. Odell on Saturday. Your suggestion regard- ing his general position were of great service. I feared that I had troubled you unnecessarily, but the event proved the contrary. You were entirely right regarding his probable attitude with one slight exception. I think he is likely to go farther in the way of attempts at reform through new legislation than had been anticipated. The Board of Health matter seems likely to be satisfactorily arranged, although not quite in the way that I had thought, -- quite possibly in a better way. The question of Uniform Accounting for Cities will certainly be carefully considered, and it seems not that it is not unlikely that that may also be taken up practically. Corporation Legislation, on the other hand, I am inclined to think, is not likely to go very far along the lines that have seemed to you and me highly desirable in the public interests, although possibly some things in that direction will be done. Very sincerely yours J. W Jenks. [shorthand] [*5678*]LAW OFICE OF OTTO KELSEY GENESEO, N.Y. [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER DEC 14 1900 ALBANY,N.Y.*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 17 1900 Filed by...*] December 11, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N.Y. My Dear Governor : In the event of the resignation of Judge E. P. Coyne as judge of Livingston county I am one of the candidates for appointment as his successor. Should a vacancy occur before the expiration of your term, may I beg to be remembered as an applicant and respectfully ask that a successor be not appointed to my disadvantage in the canvass for the nomination next year. In other words will you allow me to be heard before action is taken? My annual turning down in the legislature has become so irksome that I want to try for an office where a disposition to be honest does not cost a man all chance for promotion. Very sincerely yours, Otto Kelsey. [shorthand] [*5679*](COPY). No. 271. Foreign Office, Dec. 11, 1900 My Lord: - With ref. to my preseding dispatch of this days date, I have to inform you that Sir. C. MacDonald has brought to my notice the conduct of certain gentlemen who particularly distinguished themselves during the attacks on the Legation quarter, and who gave invaluable assistance both to him personally and to the defence in general. Sir Claude mentions the names of Rev.F.D.Gamewell, of the American Methodist Mission, and Mr.Herbert Squiers, Secretary of the U.S. Legation. He states that the Rev.F.D.Gamewell carried out the entire defences of the Br.Legation and that these defences have excited the admiration of the officers of various nationalities who have since inspected them. As a tribute to their excellence he mentions that notwithstanding a constant rain of rifle fire during 5 weeks of the siege not a single woman or child in the Legation suffered. He adds that a deep debt of gratitude is owed to him by all the besieged. Mr. Herbert Squiers noted in the capacity of Sir Claude's chief of staff after the death of Capt. Strouts of the Royal Marines. Sir Claude mentions that his earlier services in the U.S. Army were of great use in the defence and that he cannot speak too highly of his seal and ability. The Barricades on the Tartar wall were designed and carried out by him and under Sir Claude's orders he drew the plan for the entry of the troops which was converyed to Gen. Caselee by a messenger let down from the wall. 5680I request that you will bring the names of those two gentlemen to the favourable notice of the U.S.Govt. and express the appreciation felt by the H.M.G. of their eminent services. I am, etc., (Signed) Lansdowne.[*[Enclosed in Wood, 4-2-02]*]THE S.S. McCLURE COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK and LONDON. EDITORIAL ROOMS. 161 EAST TWENTY-FIFTH ST. NEW YORK. [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 17 1900 Filed by...*] Dec. 11, 1900. My dear Governor Roosevelt: We have received the copy of your article, which I find interesting. I particularly like the part about Riis and his work, probably because the original suggestion for the article came out of this material. I wish we could give a little different title to the paper. We would welcome any suggestions for another title that might more precisely give the idea of the article and indicate that it told of the work of a few who, in their day and generation, were examples of the best citizenship. I enclose a cheque for $500. in payment for the article. Very sincerely yours, John S. Phillip [shorthand] Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Mansion, Albany N.Y. [*5682*][*[ca 12-11-00]*] Extract- "I am very strongly of the opinion that the uplifting of the people in these tropic islands must come chiefly through making them better Catholics and better citizens, and that on the one hand, we shall have to guard against the reactionary Catholics who would oppose the correction of abuses in the ecclesiastical arrangements of the Islands: and on the other hand guard against Protestant fanaticism which will give trouble anyhow- and which may be fanned into a dangerous flame if the above-mentioned Catholic reactionaries are put into control. On every account I should feel that the election of Archbishop Ireland to be Cardinal would be a most fortunate thing for us in the United States Catholics and non-Catholics alike- While I would not like [the] to have this letter published, you are most welcome to show it to anyone you [may] see fit. With warm regards to Bellamy Always Yours Theodore Roosevelt-" (How I wish everyone in and out of the Church would act up to these principles.-M.L.S) [*5683*][*[Enc in Storer 12-11-00]*] [*File*]West Side Italian Industrial School of the Children's Aid Society 24 Sullivan Street New York, Dec.11 [*[00]*] Dear Governor, The school is in a state of wild and enthusiastic delight. One of the children just told me they could hardly live until next Wednesday. Thank you so much for coming. Ever gratefully yours. Mattie Griffith Satterie 5684and asking us why this red rag should be shaking at the Spanish bull- post bellum! We are in the position of the Christian martyrs in the arena- and get all the knocks- A little courtesy to the fallen foe would- on the contrary, have connected peace and good will- The Spaniards are like children easily offended and easily pleased. Just now we are glared at,- and all our attempts at politeness in the last 18 months are trodden in the dust- I am getting so much of a diplomate that I believe in the "suaviter in modo" which you know how to use when you choose- and really (as I assured the President 4 years ago) you only fight when it is necessary- (would not I like to see you presiding over the [*[For enc see 12-11-00 0]*] [*Senate and listening to the speeches!) I enclose the only extract from any letter of yours which has been seen by anyone, outside of Archbishop Ireland. Cardinal Rampolla & some intimate friends in France who are working hard for Republican Catholicism!) - With love to all affectionately yours M. L. Storer- Madrid- Dec- 11th 1900 Dear Theodore: Thank you very much for the nice letters- one to me and one to Bellamy- I can't tell you how delighted we are that you and Edith and the dear little and big Bunnies are to live in our house- and hate the idea of letting strangers have it- and it is bad for it to be uninhabited- I only hope you may find it comfortable- and wish that we may see you in it- [*5685*]I sincerely hope that we may get another post in the Spring- The President has really promised Paris to us (if it should be vacant!) but it remains to be seen whether General Porter will leave- I doubt it unless he gets a place in the Cabinet- They say that Mr. White will leave Berlin on account of his advanced age- of course we should like that if we can't get Paris- but we should prefer Paris because it is more important for Bellamy- and because I should be near the children and the little grandbaby- This climate slays me- I am having my second acute laryngitis since I came back on October 20th- and am writing with a fever temperature of over 100°- It is not all fun- and poor Joe, is wintering at St. Moritz- although he is much better- thank God! Our Diplomatic position has grown worse since the President's message- I am really sorry that in addition to "righteous" war- he spoke of freeing the Colonies from odious tyranny- All those things go without saying "-and the Spanish papers are furious and the European powers offended- [*5686*][*[Dec. 11, 1900]*] COPY. North American Trust Co., New York, N.Y., Sept. 27, 1900. M. L. Muhleman, Esq., City, Dear Sir:- [*file*] The bearer of this, Mr. Theodore F. Baldwin, was in the employ of the International Banking & Trust Company as Manager of the Chatham Square Branch when I took charge of that institution; and it was only for the reason that our board dispensed with all its Branches that Mr. Baldwin's services were dispended with. The fact that all the accounts of the branch balanced and that Mr. Baldwin was able to close the matter up satisfactorily to us demonstrated his ability as a manager. Yours truly, Oakleigh Thorne, President. I. heartily recommend Mr. Baldwin's application. F. D. Tappen. COPY First National Bank, Jersey City, N.J., 9/21/1900. M. L. Muhleman, Esq., My dear Sir:- This will introduce you to Mr. Theodore F. Baldwin, personally known to me for many years. Mr. Baldwin has had many years experience in banking. I had him appointed 1. [*5687*]in the International Banking & Trust Company, but the consolidation threw him out, as he was among the last appointed. Any favors shown Mr. Baldwin will be appreciated. Very truly yours, E. F. C. Young. COPY Phenix National Bank, New York, N.Y., Sept. 25 1900. M. L. Muhleman, Esq., Dear Sir:- I have known Mr. Baldwin both socially and in a business way for many years and do not hesitate to say, I believe him to be thoroughly qualified in every respect to fill the position for which he is an applicant in your Bank. Respectfully yours, Pierson G. Dodd. COPY. Cyrus J. Lawrence & Sons, Bankers & Brokers, 15 Wall St., New York, Sept. 22, 1900. M. L. Muhleman, Esq., New York, N. Y. Dear Sir:- The bearer of this, Mr. Theodore F. Baldwin, I have known for the past five years or more, and during that time have had the opportunity to learn something of his personal 2. [*5688*]and business qualities. It affords me much pleasure to say that I have always found him most courteous and obliging, self possessed and clear headed, quick and accurate, and can, with confidence, commend him to anyone requiring the services of someone possessing the above qualifications. Yours very truly, Cyrus J. Lawrence. COPY. Home Life Insurance Company, 256 Broadway, New York, Sept. 25, 1900. Mr. M.L. Muhleman, My dear Sir:- While I have never had the pleasure of a personal acquaintance with you, I take the liberty of addressing you regarding my old business and personal friend, Mr. Theodore F. Baldwin, who I believe is anxious to obtain a position, the character of which I am not sure of, in your contemplated Federal Bank. I can only say that I have known Mr. Baldwin and his family for a great many years, and do not hesitate to unqualifiedly recommend him for any position that he himself feels competent to fill. He has already had many positions of trust and I feel quite certain that all of his associates will speak highly of him as I do, Excusing myself again for the liberty I have taken in addressing you, and hope that my feeble words may carry some weight in Mr. Baldwin's favor, I remain Yours very truly, F.C. Hilliard, Cashier. 3. [*5689*]COPY. Gorham Mfg. Co., Silversmiths, New York, N. Y., Sept. 27, 1900. M. L. Muhleman, Esq. City. Dear Sir: I take pleasure in writing this letter as a recommendation for Theodore F. Baldwin. I have known his socially and in business about five years, and he can be depended upon to faithfully discharge every duty devolving upon him. He is all right every way, being capable and true. Come to me personally if you want any more recommendation, and it will be cheerfully given. Yours very truly, H.A. Bliss. COPY. The J. M. Horton Ice Cream Co., New York, Dec. 11, 1900. To Whom it may Concern. I have known Mr. Theodore F. Baldwin for over ten years, and can say that I regard him an exceptionally good man. Trustworthy, active, and persevering, and in deportment a gentleman. I have faith in his ability to give satisfaction in any business that he would undertake. Very truly yours, J.A. Cozzino. 4. [*5690*][Adjutat General's Office, Washington, December 11, 1900. MacArthur, Manila. (Translation) Send Volunteer convalescents to capacity next transport returning and volunteer regiment by transport following. As you report 69,000 now, Secretary of War directs you start home volunteer regiments until force reduced to 60,000, number fixed before re-inforcement regulars. Will send your regular regiments to further relieve volunteers. Carbin.] Adjutant General's Office, Washington, December 12, 1900. MacArthur, Manila (translation) Under Ice Plant agreement, July [8?]th, 1899, LaVerne Company was entitled second payment 65,000 dollars on erection plant. Obligation provide suitable building rested on us. Machinery delivered Manila, February and March last. Building apparently will not be ready short of full year. They need money and ask second payment without delay. Secretary of War thinks claim just. Inspect their machinery and if appears to be in accordance with contract and you can see no objection, Secretary will direct compliance demand. MacArthur.[*[12-12-00]*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 17 1900 Filed by*] Advance N. C. My dear Theodore Would it not be possible for you to cut loose from duty for a few days between the 1st and 15th Jan. and come here to get new life & energy in a little good North Carolina quail shooting. I have my own place here and we really have good [???] 5692you the troubles of office for a few days healthy exercise in this quiet but sporting retreat Sincerely yours Royal Phelps Carroll His Excellency Governor Roosevelt this season.-- It seems a pity that you cannot get a few days off & have some shooting & a little relaxation.--By leaving town at 4.25 you would get to Lexington at 7.30 the next morning & drive over here by nine oclock.-- I do wish you would turn up old chap and Mrs Carroll & myself would both try to banish from [*5693*]Matinecock Lodge, No. 806, F. & A. M. Oyster Bay, L.I. December 12, 1900 Dear Sir: It affords me great pleasure to inform you that you were elected a candidate to membership in this Lodge, at a regular Communication therof held on the twelfth day of December 1900. You will be duly notified when required for Initiation into the mysteries of Free Masonry. Respectfully yours, Walter Franklin Secretary To Mr. Theodore Roosevelt.Ophir Farm. Purchase N.Y. Dec. 12th, 1900 Gov. Theodore Roosevelt, Vice-President Elect of the U.S., Executive Chamber, Albany N.Y. My dear Governor:- Yours of the 10th is just at hand. I shall be in New York on Wednesday, the 19th, on my way to Albany to attend the Regents' meeting on the 20th. It is entirely easy, therefore, and it gives me pleasure to accept your invitation for luncheon at the Union League Club at one o'clock. The political situation in the State seems to me to be developing more nearly along proper and desirable lines than most of us could have hoped for months ago. There are many points in the early future, however, that need a good deal of careful thought and consultation Yours sincerely, Whitelaw Reid [*Genl Green Robt Bacon*] [*5695*][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 17 1900 Filed by*] CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS PUBLISHERS 153-157 FIFTH AVENUE, BETWEEN 21st AND 22nd STREETS NEW-YORK Dec.12,1900. Dear Governor Roosevelt: Enclosed I return the manuscript from Miss Langham recently sent by you in behalf of the author. We have read the story with interest but I regret we find it unavailable for our Magazine. Yours sincerely Charles Scribner To Governor Theodore Roosevelt [*Return to Miss Langham*] [*5696*] [shorthand] [*5697*]does and fawns by the islanders, during the autumn and spring migrations. I was in Canada and Newfoundland this fall and only just missed meeting you again in New York. I shall hope for better fortune at some future time. I got two moose bulls in Canada -fine full grown animals with fair but not large heads- both 18 pointers and with a spread of 49 and 49 1/2 inches respectively. Two very fine bulls were shot in the district where I was hunting by two American sportsmen; one with a spread of 58 inches, the other 57 1/2. I also got one Whitetailed Deer Buck Dec 12th 1900 [*P.F*] Heatherside Worplesdon Surrey Dear Col Roosevelt I have just received your letter of Nov 23rd and have also to thank you for reading [me] me the last report of the Fisheries and game and Forest Commission for the State of New York. I shall look through it with interest. It is indeed melancholy to reflect upon the rapid disappearance or great diminution of many [*5698*]noble forms of animal life both in North America and Africa. I believe that large numbers of Elk still winter in the Jackson's Hole country to the south of the Yellowstone Park, but from what I saw in 1897 and 1898, and all I heard from the Ranchmen at the foot of the hills; no large herds now come out [of] on the eastern side of the Park, and there are not many Elk now left in the Bighorn Range. The settling up of their winter feeding grounds, and wasteful destruction when the Elk and Mule Deer came every fall down into the neighbourhood of the Rancher accounts I think for the rapid diminution in their numbers. The same thing is going on in Newfoundland, where I saw with my own eyes the most reckless and unsportsmanlike destruction of Caribou, on migration. American and British sportsmen are responsible for killing a certain number of Caribou Stags, but after all such men only shoot for heads and the damage they do is infinitesimal compared to the indiscriminate slaughter of [*5699*]do not marry, whilst the Dutch Boers have almost invariably very large families. The future of South Africa is I fear full of difficulties for England. Pray accept my hearty congratulations on your success in the campaign for the Vice Presidency, even though the office is not in itself very congenial. Mr W. Moncriffe came to see me the other day, and begged to be remembered to you. I hope that when I next visit America I shall be fortunate enough to meet you in New York; but when my wife is not with me I am always in a great hurry to get home, and now that we have two small children she cannot accompany me any longer on little hunting trips With every good wish believe me Yours very truly F. C. Selous [*[12-12-00]*] by pair still hunting (tracking)- You must have been having a very wearing and harrassing time of it lately- ever since the Spanish War indeed, and during the trying time which preceded the election of President MacKinley, I daresay you often' wished yourself back once more in the grand wild solitudes of the Rocky Mountains. I feel quite hopeless about the future of South Africa from a British point of view. Whatever the rights and wrongs of the controversy which led up to the war may have been, England has now got another and a worse [*5700*]Ireland on its hands in the southern hemisphere. All hope of reconciliation between the British and the Dutch in South Africa is I think now past. Up to the time of the Jameson Raid the great mass of the Dutch in Cape Colony were I am sure quite as loyal- I believe their personal loyalty to the Queen was greater- as the French Canadians. Now we have turned them into bitter enemies and made one people of all the Dutch Africanders, throughout all the States of South Africa; and unless there is a large immigration of English speaking people who will settle on the land in South Africa after the war, I believe that the Dutch Africander element will ultimately get the upper hand. This war has I think made it manifest that had the Dutch and the British had to fight it out alone in South Africa, without the presence of British, Canadian and Australian troops, the Dutch would have won the day. As time goes on- unless there is a settlement on the land of Britishers on a large scale, of which I am afraid there is little home- the Dutch will become relatively stronger, as living healthy out of doors lives on the land, they are a stronger and more vigorous race than the majority of the British who live in the towns, and large numbers of whom [*5701*]EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 28 1900 Filed by Lay. Colo. 12-12-1900. My Dear Mr. Roosevelt. I understand you are coming to Meeker next month for a Lion hunt. As Meeker is only 45 miles from my home I could easily ride over there and I would like very much the pleasure of meeting you. Would it be agreeable to you or do you wish to leave the "madding crowd" and go where you will see- nobody. You are going to the best Lion hunting grounds I know of. Mr. Wm Wells 5702spent several winters in that locality and I put in the best part of 4 winters with him there getting Lion pictures. Very truly Yours A G Wallihan Lay Colo. Routt Co.Law Offices of Holls, Wagner, & Burghard. 120 Broadway New York .December 13th, 1900. Dear Governor Roosevelt:- I find that it will be absolutely impossible for me to go to the Civil Service Reform dinner to-morrow evening, as an engagement of long standing - which I had entirely forgotten when I promised you to go, stands in the way. In as much as you are not to be there until late I know I will not miss much and I am so out of sympathy with many of these people that I don't believe that I could do any good in any event. I am very anxious to hear what you ascertained at Senator Lodge's dinner last night, with reference to the treaty, Personally, I believe that it is as dead as Julius Caesar, and every day's delay in the vote makes this more certain. I am glad the New York papers set both yourself and me right, with reference to what I said in Washington. I saw Brother Shaw this morning and he is anxious to see you before you leave for the West, as is also Butler, with whom I dined last night. I wish it were possible for the four of us to meet next week. I shall probably have to go to Harvard between Christmas and New Years. If you could come down to the Lawyer's Club for lunch on any day, I will get the others and we can have a room to ourselves or can talk in my office, which is on the same floor. I ascertained a good deal in Washington which you ought to know. Every politician there is mortally afraid of you and hopes for some mistake on your part which will make you less dangerous. With kindest regards, As ever, Faithfully yours, Frederick W. HollsThe New York Herald. Washington Bureau. Washington D.C., Dec. 13, 1900. [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 27 1900 Filed by...*] My dear Governor: I cannot tell you how deeply I regret having caused you concern. I received only this morning your letter in answer to mine, for which I thank you; otherwise, I would have made more of an effort to have seen you yesterday, and, in view of the circumstances of which you speak, beg of you to drop this whole matter. It is difficult for me to explain, even to myself, why I failed to call you yesterday, but I did not want you to take any notice of my letter unless you really desired to do so, and, therefore, decided, much as I wished to see you, that it was better for me to wait until I heard from you. Is this clear? It is, perhaps, best that I should remain in civil life. You know that I have a very good position, and I suppose I should not grumble, but there is absolutely no future here, and, though I am getting a higher salary than I would receive even as a major in the Army, you will understand that this is not encouraging to a man who is anxious to do something. However, I propose to buckle down and if hard work and perseverance can bring success I am confident I can achieve it. My disgust with newspaper work is due to the treatment of men of long and faithful service by the newspapers that employ them, examples of which you can easily recall. I want you to feel, however, that I thoroughly appreciate your interest and your desire to aid me, and that it is pleasant to know that if you could consistently have granted my request you would have done so. Baron von Sternburg, as you may recall, was withdrawn in disgrace because of the conciliatory attitude he adopted, contrary to the desire of [*5704*]The New York Herald Washington Bureau -2- Washington D.C. his government, in connection with China. He has been transferred to Calcutta, but is anxious to return to Washington, and he asked me to suggest to you that the time is opportune, you use your influence in his behalf. Secretary Hay instructed Ambassador White to say that this government was highly pleased with Von Sternburg's work as Charg[?] d'Affaires and that it regretted his recall. Von Sternburg apparently thinks that if, when a question of some importance arises between the two Governments, the United States will indicate its desire to have him in Washington, the Emperor will be prompt to comply with its desire. He is, therefore, anxious to know if you will be willing to do what you can for him when the moment arrives. I am afraid you will think, Governor, that I am eternally asking for some favor; and please believe me when I say that in my own case, whatever the action, I am truly grateful; that I thoroughly understand your position, and that it has afforded me the utmost gratification to receive evidence of your interest in me. I shall shelve my military ambition, and trust that you will dispose of the concern you feel in the same manner. Heartily thanking you, and trusting to see you shortly, I am, As ever, sincerely, Col O'Laughlin Gov Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N.Y.[[shorthand]] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED. DEC 20 1900 Filed by _______*] Dec. 13, 1900. Dear Governor Roosevelt:— Your article on the Presidency is every thing we hoped for, and we cannot sufficiently thank you for so remarkable a contribution. It is admirably lucid, and cannot fail to inspire new and stronger respect for the great office which you so clearly describe. Please [*5706*]accept Miss Penny Mason s Company's check for $500 in payment for all social rights. We intend to make the article one of the central features of our next announcement, and if I may, I will again point out to you the expediency of not divulging to any body for the present the fact that you have written it. Again thanking you, I am, dear governor Roosevelt, Yours Faithfully, William H. Rideing. Jr. to His Excellency Governor Roosevelt. N.Y. [*5707*]Head [??] 1st District Southern Luzon Dec 13th 1900. Dear Governor. If Congress passes the Army bill foreshadowed in the papers, there is likely to be several overnight appointments as Brig. Generals, I would like to secure one of these appointments, & if my claims receive favorable consideration it is of importance to me that I be named in the first list as rank will go with date of appointment. by this means I may regain, in part, the rank & position lost thro' the changes of the past two years.- I commanded a Brigade in China & am now commanding a District in Luzon, embracing the Province of Cavite & most of Batanga; it is, I believe, considered one of the important Districts, & has been considerably enlarged since I assumed Command. I am glad I took your advice & left London, my service in China 5708tho short, was very interesting, & while life in the Philippines, is not altogether enchanting still it has its bright side, & I am more content to be back with the Army & surrounded by military influence We will need a considerable force in these Islands for some years, but I take rather an Optimistic view of matters; believe the problem will be solved & satisfactorily solved much sooner than many seem to think. Hoping you are well & having a good rest after your hard work, I am Very Truly Saml S. Sumner [*5709*]P F1221 Manilla, Received December 13, 1900. 8.56 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. With reference to your telegram of 11th, 37th Infantry, transport SHERIDAN, January 1st; 11th Regiment Cavalry, January 15th; Movement continue as directed till completed; 36th Infan- try is in the field; cannot leave at present. Authority requested retain regular officers, volunteer services, whose regular organ- ization here; also volunteer officers, now assigned to special duty, who so desire, with view muster out June 30th. Important question policy involved as departure Volunteers almost renders is impossible furnish officers for special duty, necessities for which increasing. Transport SHERMAN leaves December 15th, about 500 volunteer convalescents; transport WAREEN, December 22d, same number. Any remaining on transport SHERIDAN, January 1st. MacArthur -oOo- Adjutant General's Office Washington, December 13, 1900. MacArthur, Manila. (Translation) with reference to your telegram of 2d Secretary of state cabled Consul General Hong Kong, place himself under direction John S2Mallory (Captain 2d Infantry.) Failing, recall will be considered. Volunteer officers not responsible for public property and returning to the United States with a view ro discharge, must bring with them affidavit and certifi- cates require by Section 2, General Orders, War Department, A.G.O., Series of 1899, Number 13. Wasbin -oOo- 5710ASSOCIATION OF THE BAR. 40 WEST 44TH STREET. NEW YORK. New York, December 14, 1900. Captain N. Norton Goddard, 100 Bleeker Street, New York City. Dear Sir:- I am in receipt of your note of December 12th, with which you enclose letter of the Honorable John C. Davies, Attorney General, dated the 10th instant, addressed to the Honorable, the Governor, and ask my opinion as to the same. I think that the best way to proceed with such opinion is to outline the exact situation as it stands at present and when this is done to point out how in my mind it can be dealt with. We now have twenty-one cases against policy men shortly to come up for trial in the courts; they are distributed as follows, 5 in- dictments found last Spring, the cases now being on the General Sessions calendar awaiting trial, 13 indictments found by the Grand Jury last week and the defendants indicted can be tried as soon as the court will be ready to take the cases up, and 3 complaints await- ing consideration by the Grand Jury which can be presented to that body on Monday, next. You will readily see from this statement that with the prospect of making more arrests each day, a court 5711 ASSOCIATION OF THE BAR. 40 WEST 44th STREET. New York. -2- forward for the purpose of dealing with these cases and to which they might be transferred would readily have its time occupied to the limit, when consideration is had of the fact that a day and a half is often consumed in dealing with one case. I confess I am unable to appreciate the difficulty which the Attorney General suggests in his letter as to obtaining immediately as extraordinary Trial Term of the Supreme court for the purpose of disposing of these cases. As the matter is of such vital import- ance, permit me to explain to you at some length what I consider the procedure will be. The statutes of the State provide for the appointment of judges of the Supreme Court for the various term in two ways. The first and ordinary way is by appointment of the Appellate Division; the second is by appointment of the Governor, who designates an extraordinary term of court and names a judge to hold it; the latter is what we want; the statute covering this point reads as follows: "The Governor way, when in his opinion the public interest as requires, appoint one of more extraordinary terms of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court in any Department, or of the Special or Trial Terms of the Supreme Court. He must designate the time and place of holding the same and name the justice who shall hold or preside at such term, except of the Appellate Division, and he 5712ASSOCIATION OF THE BAR. 40 WEST 44TH STREET. NEW YORK. -3- must give notice of the appointment in such manner as in his judg- ment the public interest requires." (New York Code of Civil Procedure,Sec.234) This seems to be the only requirement on the statute books for creating these extraordinary terms of court and an investiga- tion of the cases on this subject so far as they throw any light on the procedure in such instances bear out the correctness of this view. Thus, in a recent case in Queens county, tried before an extraordinary trial term of the Supreme Court, in which the de- fendant was convicted of the crime of grand larceny, the power of the Governor to appoint such extraordinary term was considered, and the Appellate Court in its opinion cited the above statute and ruledthat an appointment of a trial term of the Supreme Court in accordance with the requirements of said statute was legal and proper. The Governor in that case gave notice of such extraordinary term by proclaimation and nothing is said on the opinion,any more than in the statute in question, about a notice xxxxxxx of at least thirty days^required to be filed with the County Clerk and a judge designated to try the cases before the trial term should begin. Of course it is evident that the judge must be appoint ed, but he is appointed at the same time that "the time and place of hold- ing" the term is designated; furthermore, there is no magic in 5713 the word "term", in the Supreme Court as applied to periods of ASSOCIATION OF THE BAR. 40 WEST 44th STREET. NEW YORK. -4- time of sitting of courts appointed by Appellate tribunals a "term" covers a period of one month, but this period is the period fixed by the rules of the court itself and "a term" of court as known to the law in general may extend over any period of time during which the court may sit for the despatch of business and the duration of terms depend upon the constitution of the court. There is nothing to prevent the Governor from designating a term of court to try these policy cases at any time he may see fit, for instance, any day next week,the court would then convene and sit until the cases were disposed of and it would be immaterial whether the Governor went out of office during the sitting of the court, its existence would be an established fact and it would keep on doing business until there was no more business done. Now note how simple the whole matter is: there are 18 indict- ments pending which must be tried and 3 more without doubt to follow immediately, to say noting of further cases to come later; no question arises as to calling an extraordinary Grand Jury with the accompanying requirement of filing the court order for the same with the County Clerk "at least twnty days before the term for which the jury is ordered",for practically all indictments which would 5714 occupy the attention ofxthe court for a long time to come have been-5- found and the defendants are waiting trial; the Court of General Sessions is over crowded at the present time with election and other cases which must be disposed of; the remedy lies with the extraordi- nary term of Court. I saw Attorney General Davies in person this afternoon and went over this entire matter with him, at the same time showing him the enclosed letter which he had written to the Governor. Upon call- ing his attention to the difficulties therein set forth he seemed to agree with me that they were not such as were represented there- in and hinted that the statements might have been made under a mis- apprehension as to what was wanted, pointing out that in order to obtain an extraordinary Grand Jury it would be necessary to give the notice above referred to. This I immediately showed him we did not require or ask for. Mr. Davies also seemed to admit that the matter might not have received the careful attention that would have been given it had his office not been busy as it is at the present time and said that he himself had been absent from Albany, so that I further inferred that it had not necessarily received his personal attention. In fact he said he had turned the matter over to Mr. Young s, secretary to the Governor, for investigation. From what I could gather from his conversation I believe that a very careful examination of the question 5715ASSOCIATION OF THE BAR. 48 WEST 44TH STREET. NEW YORK. -6- would have resulted otherwise. Mr. Davies stated further that he would be very glad to help me and suggested that I lay the facts before him personally and in writing, so that he could act upon them after careful deliberation. I see no reason,however, why the matter should be taken up by the Governor forthwith; I have written you this long letter with this purpose in view and I would suggest that in the light of present developments every effort should be made to urge the Governor to act before the expiration of his term of office. Very respectfully yours, Chas. P. Haney 5716[*PF*] James Clarke & Co. Decker Bldg, New York City December 14, 1900 Dear Sir: - Major Byrne has sent me your very kind note to him of November 10th, in which you are good enough to mention my name in connection with the work of the Honest Money Democratic League. We were very fortunate in our work because we had so good a leader as Major Byrne to fight the battle under. Anything that he undertakes generally succeeds, and any cause he fights in is always a good one. I am satisfied with the Administration that the people have selected, and more than gratified to know that we did our small share in burying Bryan and the crowd of interlopers that associated with him and usurped the name, and forced us to oppose, the Democratic party. I thank you sincerely for your very kind words, and feel confident that you will carry into the new office you are about to occupy the same high principles and purposes that have actuated your work as chief executive of this state. Yours respectfully, James Clarke Honorable Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber, Albany, New York. [*5717*][*[Dec 14, 1900]*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER ANSWERED DEC 24 1900 Filed by*] Duquesne Club Pittsburgh Hon. Theodore Roosevelt. Albany, New York. Dear Colonel. I regretted so much that business prevented my coming with my mother and father to Oyster Bay on Thanksgiving day. They were so pleased with their visit. I looked for you at the Foot Ball game [and] as did your friend of white-vest fame but without avail so the foot ball team from Harvard was without its inspiration. I have two friends now officers in the U.S.V. Army and both serving in the Phillipines who are very desirous of receiving appointments in the Regular service [*5718*]Duquesne Club Pittsburgh 2 and I should esteem it a favour if you would drop a line to the Hon Sec'y of War in their behalf. Provided you can see your way clear to do so. If you can I would kindly ask you to do this without delay as this matter is now up. before the Department and prompt action is necessary. I think they are both good ones and will prove [be] a credit to the service. I think it is pretty nearly time to get together You. Woody, John McI'y, Dave and etc and have that little dinner we used to talk about. With love to Mrs Roosevelt and all your family believe me as ever your very sincere friend Jno. C. Greenway [*[Greenway]*] P.S. I send herewith data for the matter mentioned above. To Duquesne Club ./P_y December Fourteenth [*5719*][For 2 enc, see 12-14-00][*[ca 12-14-00]*] Duquesne Club Pittsburgh Alpha. T. Easton Has seen continuous service in the national gaurd of Penn. as First Lieut and Captain for twelve years Served one year in the United States service during the war with Spain as Captain of the fourteenth Regiment of Pennsylvania. He is now First Lieutenant Company W. twenty eight Regiment of Inf. on duty in the Phillipines and has been in the service since July of 1899. Mr Easton is a Pittsburger and a son of Capt Wm. T. Easton who served with distinction in the Civil war from 1861 to 1865. He desires an appointment as first lieut of infantry in the regular service. [*[John C Greenway]*][Enc in Greenway 12-14-00][*[ca 12.14.00]*] Duquesne Club Pittsburgh Richard W. Walker Jr. Now Second Lieutenant Comp C 37th Infty U.S.V and on duty at Mauban Tayabas Province Phillipines Enlisted as a private in Comp. L. 1st Tenn. Regt about June 1st 1898 - at Nashville. reenlisted for duty in Phillipines sometime in 1899. His application for the appointment he now seeks is on file at Wash. and is endorsed by Genl Joseph Wheeler, Senators Bate and Pettus and congressman John Allen. Mr Walker is a native of alabama and seeks appointment as second Lieutenant in the regular service any branch. [*5721*] [*[John C. Greenway]*][Enc in Greenway 12-14-00]2 And I am sure I can get letters from all the Va members of Congress I will meet you in Washington any time you appoint. (The Boy has just come in. We went out an hour ago after his morning lessons - in a glow of 16 year old enthusiasm Got four 3 birds - quail & one hare - "Got three birds out of a rising covey!" Lets see you beat that with Lions on Dacotah The Lady shall have her Xmas dinner at Sagamore Hall, from the Woodlands [*[12-14-00]*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 20 1900 Filed by*] The Woodlands Dec 14, 1900 Hon Theo Roosevelt Albany N. Y. My dear Governor Thanks for your cordial letter. It was just as I expected of your loyal heart. I will engage that the two Virginia Senators will go with you to the President if you go during the Session of Congress & I think I could bring them there to meet you at any time you fix if other engagements do not hinder. [*5722*]3 The Father & son get 25 Birds a day not a big bag, but plenty of shooting I wish Teddy could have a chance It would be a great thing for him! I declare I want to see 'you all' more than I can say--& I am in hopes to have the entire crowd down here during these four years in Washington I look with great interest to your western trip--It will restore your nervous eqilibrium for such a scrap as you've been thro is most exhausting My love to all I am Yours to call on Bradley T. Johnson [*[Johnson]*] [*5723*]Manila, Received December 14, 1900. 9.11 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Killed: Lusen, December 8, Boot Peninsula, M. 1st Cavalry, Ernest Shrey; November 24, Cobo, C, 47th Infantry, Frank Herman. Wounded: Thomas G.G. Brydges, chest mortal; December 8, Boot Peninsula, B, 21st Infantry, Carl N. Schultz, slightly; D, 21st Infantry, Michael C.O'Donnell, severely; November 30, Sorsegon, K, 47th Infantry, Artificer, Aaron A. Knee, arm, slight; Corporal William B. Webb, hand slight; Louis S. Nesbitt, head serious;; James A.Marsh, thigh serious; H, 47th Infantry, George McBride, arm serious. Mac Arthur. --- Manila, Received December 15, 1900. 7.41 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Sick in hospital 3,446; sick in quarters 1520; 7[?]85 per cent. MacArthur[*Fi*] Headquarters United States Military Academy, West Point, N.Y. Dec. 14, 1900. My dear General: I found your very kind letter of the eighth awaiting me here on returning from Washington this morning. I would be glad indeed if you feel you can speak to Colonel Roosevelt about me and will greatly appreciate your doing so. I fully realize the importance [*5725*]save this answer to you. I hope Mrs Patterson and your foot-steps will turn this way sometime, and if they do you are assured a warm welcome. Mrs Mills joins me in kindest regards for my best, Sincerely yours A. L. Mills [*[Mills]*] Dec. 14. 1900. Gen. John H. Patterson. U. S. Army. to me of the subject you mention, especially as over 30 younger men in the Cavalry have jumped me by past unequal promotion, but I have a feeling I am on trial here and can not bring myself to ask for further recognition. I think you will appreciate my sentiments in the matter. I have said nothing or written nothing to anyone on the subject. [*5726*][*This may be of interest to you W. J. Y.*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 24 1900 Filed by*] 1911 East 9th St. Kansas City, Mo. December 14th 1900 Subject: - A Curious Book. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N. Y. Dear Sir - Now that the smoke of the late political campaign has fairly blown over, I trust you can spare time to read a letter not connected with politics, as I believe it may prove of much interest to you, and, as I neither want office nor publicity, you are safe from any future demand for a "come-back" in the shape of [fee for] cold victuals from the Republican pie country or notoriety at great expense. During the past few months [*5727*](2 I have noticed several times in newspapers (especially the Chicago papers), that whenever you are away from home on Sunday, it is your custom to attend the Dutch Reformed church, of which you are a member, if you happen to be where there is one - Here I assume that being an adherent of the faith of your ancestors, you are acquainted with descendants of families of like origin whose home is now or was formerly in New York city - About twenty years ago, a friend who, like myself, is a lover of old and curious books (see enclosure no. 1), gave me a copy of an old book, of which I enclose a transcript of the title-page (see enclosure no. 3), printed in 1767 - It is in a good state of preservation, except that the covers are loose from the binding - On the [*5728*]3 book cover is stamped in gilt letters, now slightly defaced "Mary Vaughton"- I have often thought that it might be a pleasure to some one of her descendants (if such there be and if the book in and of itself is not a rarity) to possess the volume, but I have never had an opportunity, since its possession, to make inquiries- and it has recently occurred to me that it might be. a. pleasure to you and a gratification to someone of her family now living, to receive the book at your hands, or lacking the descendant, you might think of it enough interest to accept it for yourself as a slight mark of esteem from a stranger who admires you as a typical American gentleman, who can be a politician (and a good one, too) without being 5729 4 a demagog - I send herewith three enclosures relating to the book, which explain themselves - If the foregoing is agreeable. to you, please give me directions as to sending the book, whether by registered mail or by Express, and whether to Albany or to your home at Oyster Bay, and please give your exact address, which I am ashamed to say I donot know - Yours truly John P. Nourse [*5730*][*[For enc see ca 12-14-00]*]Manila, P.I., Received December 14, 1900, 2.13 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. ROSENCRAWS arrived, December 13th. MacArthur -ooo- Pekin, China, Received December 15, 1900. 3.08 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. December 15th. Number 103. The following casualties have occurred since last report: At Pekin, December 8, Sergeant John M.O'Conner, L, 9th Infantry, pneumonia; December 11, Samuel Womack, H, 9th Infantry, oedema of the glottis; December 14, Joseph Knox, K, 9th Infantry, pneumonia. Chaffee. -ooo- Pekin, China, Received December 18, 1900. 1.41 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. December 18th. Number 104. Humphrey reports Secretary of War disapproves Quartermaster furnishing mail boat. Have requested Hyde contrast if possible with Japanese transports carry our mail each way semi-monthly. Cabled regarding this subject November 2, and now without settled mail arrangements. Chaffee.Incorporated May 1, 1784 University of the State of New York Established 1843 New York State Museum John M. Clarke, State Paleontologist [*Executive Chamber, Answered. Dec 22 1900*] State paleontologist's office State house, Albany, N.Y. December 15, 1900 Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of the State of New York. Dear sir: There is not much that science can do to perpetuate the memory of its friend and patrons. The little beast whose portrait accompanies this letter, is one of the recent discoveries in the ancient rocks of our state. Millions of years ago he was one of the denizens of our sea when there was no land above tide in western New York. To a paleontologist the interest attached to this creature is extraordinary, for with a single exception he is the only known representative of his race, and of his pedigree we can conjecture little except that he was probably from the same stock as that atavistic animal, the horseshoe crab or "boat bailer" of our Atlantic coast. This fellow belonged to the fauna of our Salina period of the age of the New York salt beds and was taken from the rocks beneath the Erie canal in Monroe county; the other member of the genus is from rocks of the same age on the little island of Oesel in the Baltic sea.Hon. Theodore Roosevelt -2- Dec. 15, 1900 Will you permit me to attach your name to this unique and bizarre creature, as a testimony of my personal appreciation of your generous and stimulating attitude, both personal and official, toward scientific investigations? Very respectfully yours, [*John M. Clarke*] 5733[[shorthand]]J. W. Goddard & Sons 98, 100, & 102 Bleeker St. and 197 Mercer St. New York, Dec 15th 1900. M Governor Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, N.Y. [*Executive Chamber Answered Dec 20 1900*] [Dear Sir:] My dear Governor Roosevelt, I received the letter of Dec. 10th addressed to you and signed by the Attorney General. I return it to you herewith. I also enclose a letter addressed to me by Mr. Blaney to whom I referred the Attorney General's letter. You will see, if you take the trouble to read Mr. Blaney's letter, that the Attorney General was under a misapprehension and that a notice of thirty days is not necessary. Moreover, you will see that there is a chance that the Attorney General would tell you that he noted a little inconsiderately or hastily. So much for the actual legal difficulties. If they are not removed, in your opinion, by the letter of Mr. Blaney, I will secure an opinion from my lawyer here in town that you may name, whose opinion you would accept as being sufficient basis to warrant your action. Now as to the argument of the Attorney General in the last part of his letter where he says that he doubts "the expediency of your calling an extraordinary term of the Court to be held at any time after your administration is closed." Now Governor, I want to say there is nothing in that, in my opinion. It is not a political action this calling of an extraordinary term; therefore it is not essentially the action of the particular incument,of the Governor's office, but is the action of the Governor as functionary. For such purposes as this of calling an extraordinary term of the Court, or even any other non-political business for the good of the citizens of the State, the Governorship does not terminate or change; it is a continuous office. Even if I haven't expressed the above very clearly, at least I am sure you will understand the point I am trying to make, and I will spare you further argument. Now Governor, I want this thing very much indeed, and I want it very much indeed quite irrespective of any considerations outside of the considerations of the good of the tenement house population. I have had a good while to think this thing over, and it is no snap judgment of mine, and I would say I really believe it is a fair request to make of you, that you will do this for me. I feel so well satisfied on the subject that I venture to go beyond my ordinary practice, and say to you that I feel willing to urge you. Of course I recognize that it is a matter that you must to some extent, - to a large extent, - consider from the point of view of your official duty and responsibility, and from that point of view I hope that you will come to the conclusion that it is your duty to appoint this extraordinary term. So far as it might be a question that you could consider from any other point of view, I would say that I hope you will consider the fact that I am willing to say that I am very urgent to have it. You know very much that it hinders progress to let a matter cool down, and I think that Elsberg's suggestion should have weight with you, that not only will this extraordinary term be good in itself in striking terror into the hearts of the policyJ. W. Goddard & Sons, 98, 100, & 102 Bleecker St. and 197 Mercer St. New York, Dec 15th 1900. ESTBLISHED 1847. New York, _______ 190 M_____________________(2) Dear Sir: men, but it would also have a very great effect in crystalizing public opinion and thus helping the passage of a stringent law by the Legislature this winter. I suppose that the Morning Telegraph would berate you, possibly the Journal might - I don't know about that - but it is very plain that the other papers, -and I don't speak of them merely because they are newspapers but also in their representative character, for they do, to a certain extent represent the opinions of their readers, - would approve very strongly of such action. I have had an opportunity just within the last two or three days of testing the feelings of the newspapers. I don't suppose you have noticed it, but I have made an attack on Anthony Comstock, and I found all the papers were very much in sympathy with me. The Times, the Tribune, the Herald and the Evening Telegram, through their representatives, who called on me, and through their columns, showed they were very much interested in my favor in this matter, and the Evening Post, to my great surprise, last night published an article, which is calculated to make Anthony mind his P's and Q's. I enclose the Post article. I feel sure, because you told me so in so many words, that [*5735*]you are on my side in this matter. Now I beg you to let your instincts have their way; when you trust your instincts you never go wrong; that is a common-place in the mouth of every politician that I have ever heard talk about you. The thing isn't such a tremendous thing any how, - that needs a tremendous amount of consideration as though it were something that could affect your career, or the course of history for the next century; it is certainly an important matter, but there is nothing political about it, so as the law doesn't stand in the way, and as your instincts and wishes are altogether on my side, I wish, - I beg that you will decide to order the term without giving any particular weight to the considerations which would stand in the way of striking a notable blow at an outrageous evil. The Attorney General's office, or for the matter of that Mr. Youngs himself, are almost bound by the very fact of their official positions, to dissuade from anything and everything that is a hair's breath outside of the ordinary, but heaven knoww if you had never swerved outside of the ordinary you would never have been where you are now. Sometimes by too much consideration a mountain is made out of a mole-hill. Your right in the premise is unquestionable. The advantage to be gained is obvious and real; the inconveniences are either imaginary or too trifling in my opinion to count. I remember very well some years ago I was in company with a young lady and I wanted to show her a certain building which I was interested in. I spoke of it to her and said, "but I suppose it would not be quite suitable for us to go there together." She answered, I remember, "Well, perhaps so, but any way letsJ. W. Goddard & Sons, 98, 100 & 102 Bleecker St. and 197 Mercer St. New York, 190 ESTABLISHED 1847. M Dear Sir: (3) just plain go," and we went; it was distinctly unconventional, but I think she showed her sense. The lady is now my wife! Now I say to you, won't you please just plain order this extraordinary term. Faithfully yours, [*F. Norton Goddard*] 5736[[shorthand]]Dec. 15th 1900 Honorable Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber, Albany, New York. Dear Sir:- I beg to acknowledge your letter of Devember 12th, and desire to express to you my great appreciation of what you say regarding my brother, and to thank you most, sincerely for your suggestions relative to the best method of procedure in his case. I written Mr. Goldsborough and General Green, and have no doubt that they will use every reasonable effort in his behalf. I shall take the liberty of advising you of any important developments that may occur. With high esteem, I am, Yours very truly, W. [?]. GoldsboroughDec. 15th 1900 [*Executive Chamber, Answered Dec 20, 1900*] Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N.Y. My dear Governor;- Pardon me for taking your valuable time with a matter that may seem of slight importance, but is a matter in which I am very much interested, as I am a member of the Order and of the Committee having the matter in charge. When you visited Buffalo last, a Committee from the Order of Odd Fellows united upon you with the request that you favor the use of the 74th Regiment Armory by the uniformed bodies of Odd Fellows January 31st, 1901. You referred them to the Colonel of the Regiment, Brig. -Gen'l Doyle and Maj. - Gen'l Roe, stating that if favored by those officers, it would meet with your approval. The request was then made to Col. Fox and eventually passed through the regular channel and was approved by the three officers above mentioned and found its way to you. On November 23rd I received a letter from you as follows;- "I am in receipt of your letter of the 22nd inst., in reference to the use of the 74th Regiment Armory for the Odd Fellows. I will most gladly grant the request as soon as it comes to me recommended by Generals Roe and Doyle [??]." Under date of December 10th, Adjutant General Hoffman wrote to out Committee as follows;- "I have the honor, by directionNo. 2 Hon. T.R. Dec. 15th. of the Governor, to acknowledge the receipt of yours of October 31st last, requesting the use of the 74th Regiment Armory on January 31st and April 26th next, by the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of Buffalo, and in reply to express his regrets that it is not possible to comply with your request, the law expressly prohibiting the use of a State Armory for the purpose desired." At the time I received your letter of the 23rd ult. I was in possession of a letter from Major General Roe, saying he had approved the request and forwarded to you, so under the circumstances our Committee felt assured that the request would be granted and began to make arrangements accordingly, so that they are now in a very embarrassing position before the members of the Order in this City when they were chosen to represent. I thought it advisable to lay this matter before you, giving all the details with the suggestion that possibly you may devise some plan by which the Committee may secure what they desire, or at least a way for the Committee to make a satisfactory explanation to those whom they represent. Trusting you will pardon me for troubling you with this matter and earnestly requesting an reply, I am, very respectfully yours, Erastus C. Knight [*5739*][[shorthand]][*For 2 encs see 12-15-00] [*Private file*] EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 20 1900 Filed by Seattle, Wash., December 15, 1900. Gov. Theodore Roosevelt, New York City. Sir: I have not the honor, nor the pleasure, of personally knowing Gov. Roosevelt, but the honor of the circumstances detailed herein, warrants the intrusion upon your valuable time. Am pleased to refer you to Capt. Robley D. Evans, U.S.N., and ex-Senator Watson D. Squire, of Washington, who are personal friends, as to the identity of the writer. The whirlwind of excitement which carried about 20,000 venturesome spirits, unskilled and unprepared, to Nome, Alaska, this last summer, has deluged the Federal Courts, particularly at Seattle, with maritime causes. The wail over flattened "pokes" culminated in attempts to get even on the ships and transportation Companies which brought the "cold- footed" back to civilization. 5740Cases against the steamships "Tacoma" and "San Pedro", the one involving about $100,000. and the other about $30,000. are prominent in this litigation. During the examination, a few days ago before the United States Commissioner, the enclosed copy of the testimony of one witness, shows no less a person that your honored self as being "par excellence" - "his standard of a manly man". "John D. Rockefeller and D. O. Mills might 'kick' under the circumstances detailed, but 'Teddy, the Rough Rider' would not." His answer was not prompted, but was a genuine surprise to all, and you can imagine the roar of laugher and applause which swept over the Court room. The gallant services of the Governor of the Empire State and Vice President Elect, had impressed the humble Swedish boy with the fulness of the "Americanism" of his active career. Please find excerpt of the testimony referred to. Trusting you will pardon the intrusion, believe me with much respect, Yours truly, J. B. Metcalfe - Encl. [*5741*]Believe me Most gratefully yours Putnam Bradlee Strong 18 WEST 57TH STREET December 15th [*[00]*] [*PF*] Dear Governor Roosevelt I appreciate your letter to Gen Wood more than anything else that has come into my possession since I became a man- I shall always try to prove myself worthy of your praise. [*5742*]Manila P.I. Dec 15 1900. Hon T. Roosevelt Albany. My dear Colonel= Arrived here the 8th inst. It is scarcely necessary. for me to congratulate you upon your very significant election to the Vice Presidency- You must know how proud we all feel at every possible preferment the American people show you. I received your letter of introduction to Prof Worcester. I thank you sincerely for what you said to him and assure you that my constant effort will be to prove myself worthy to its very letter. I presented the letter to the Professor and he has shown me every courtesy and kindness. [*5744*]2. He at once secured for me a position under the Commission in the Construction Dept for which I am specially trained and skilled. My first work will be the construction of 50 miles of road in Benguet Province, commencing Jan 1st and later the building of a short line of Gov't rail-way. The professor is profuse in admiration and commendation of your public principles and career. As in all other places there are several of our boys here. I believe it about impossible to find a place that is much talked about where there is not a Rough Rider. Lt. Sweet out of the 46th Volunteers is in Manilla, a member of a gen'l Court Martial. He is still suffering from dysentery contracted in Cuba, but [*5745*]3. otherwise doing nicely. You will remember him as a Sergeant of "K" troop. H. W. Nash a Sergeant of Capt Bucky ONeil's troop is a teacher here under Prof. Atkinson, the Supt Public Instruction at a salary of $100 00 per month. McFee a son of U. S. Judge McFee of New Mexico and a trooper of Capt Mueller's troop, is Chief clerk to Lt Burritt who has charge of the Phillippine Mining Bureau, at a salary of $125 00 per month. Have not seen Fortescue, Davis Sage, Day, Coleman, Green, Curry and several others known to be in the Army here, but learn they are doing well in their several spheres of action. Sweet, McFee and Nash wish to send you their congratulations and best wishes. Again thanking you for the letter [*5746*]4 of introduction and assuring you of my profoundest respect and sincere good wishes I am obediently your old Color Serg't Albert P. Wright Manila P. I- 5747[[shorthand]][*[ca 12-15-00]*] [shorthand] Bowman, Bolster & Eaton, Law Stenographers, Seattle, WN. Excerpt from the testimony of Thomas Johnson. Q. (Mr Metcalfe) Now, you say that you slept down in the hold on the coal? A. Yes, I slept there on the trip. Q. How were your quarters prepared there; what was done for the comfort of these persons who did sleep in the hold? A. Well, sir, I was very comfortable down there. Q. State what was done. A. Well, we had a big piece of canvas stretched over the coal, so that it was perfectly clean there. Q. Was the coal lumpy, or hard or soft, on which the canvas was placed? A. Well, it was fine coal; there was very few lumps in that coal. Q. The canvas was spread upon it. A. Yes sir, and each man had his blankets, that I know about; I seen other men having their own blankets. Q. These people slept there? A. Yes sir. Q. Now, how was it as to comfort down there, Mr. Johnson? A. Well, it was comfortable enough for any working man, I should think; of course, you take a millionaire, he would not consider that comfort, but I do. Q. You do not think that Mr. Rockefeller or Mr. D. O. Mills would care to sleep there? A. Well I think Teddy Roosevelt would not object to sleeping there. Q. You mean Governor - A. "I mean Teddy Roosevelt, the Rough Rider." [*5748*][*[Enc in Metcalfe 12-15-00]*][*[12-15-00]*] Form No. 5. RECEIVED at 6 a.m. Dept Manila Phl, this 15th day of December, 1900, from Werner Barnes and Co. in good order and condition, the undermentioned packages of X mas gifts for transportation and delivery to Col. Rosevelt at Oyster Bay Long Island, N.Y NO OF PACKAGES ARTICLES AND QUANTITIES. COST. GROSS WEIGHT. Dolls. Cts. 1 Box x mas Gift. 125 lb. [*Shall be forwarded on J.S. Sherman 12/15/00*] Received 12/15/00 CHAS. D. PALMER, A. Q. I. U. S. A. In Charge Water Transportation G A Hanson Shipping Clerk, F. Arnold B.C. Quartermaster [*5749*] SIGNED IN DUPLICATE.[*[ca 12-14-00]*] T.R. - Enclosure No. 3- (Transcript of Title - page). The Psalms of David with The Ten Commandments, Creed. Lords Prayer &c. in Metre- also The Catechism, Confession of Faith, Liturgy &c. Translated from the Dutch. For the use of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of New York City- New York. Printed by James Parker, at the New Printing Office. Beaver Street. MDCCLXVII. [*5750*][*[Enc in Nourse 12-14-00]*] [*-Enclosure No. 3-*]Mr. James Bard Metcalfe. Rooms 417 &c. Pacific Block- Seattle WN- 5751 [NEW PAGE] [*P F*] Ft. Brown Texas Dec. 17th 1900. Gov. Theodore Roosevelt. Oyster Bay L. I. Dear Governor Roosevelt. I am delighted at the order of Sec. Root prohibiting army officers from influencing legislation. That was the danger to public interests not the men who do the fighting. A crowd of staff officers and other coffee coolers has been kept in Washington for years, and nothing has come up in Congress relative to the army without the whole lot of them going to work on Congressmen to benefit themselves look at [*5752*]the rank they hold. We of the line know them and we also know that if a few of them had been shot during the war things would have moved. I am much gratified to see that Mr. Root is about to shake loose from them, there will be some results after he does. The staff lobby in Washington has been powerful and dangerous. Chaffee's attempt at snubbing Waldersee was a trifle thin no? Watch him in the Philpines. He is liable to "astonish the natives" likewise some others. I trust you are well. Truly Yours. Charles G. Ayres. I have again asked for a leave. Have been with my troop since the war began. (over) [*5753*]If they let me go I hope to see you in Jan. C. G. A. WILL PRACTICE IN ALL COURTS IN THE STATE AND THE UNITED STATES, (IN ILLINOIS AND [*P.F*] IN WASHINGTON) AND BEFORE THE DEPARTMENTS IN WASHINGTON. LAW OFFICE OF JOHN O. BLACK, 1262-63 MONADNOCK BLOCK, CORNER DEARBORN STREET AND JACKSON BOULEVARD. TELEPHONE 2343 HARRISON. Chicago, Decr 17 1900 My Dear Governor How very few, in either war or civic affairs, can bend the Parthian bow, and how effective it is! With great pleasure I acknowledge your favor of the 10th I am glad. The great century goes through the gates with exaltation. I believe America goes into a mightier career. May we & you be prospered Your friend John C. Black Hon Theodore Roosevelt Albany N.Y. [*5754*]Rathbone Stove Works. Rathbone Sard & Co. Albany, Chicago & Detroit North Ferry Street. Albany, N.Y. Dec. 17, 1900. 190 [*Executive Chamber Answered Dec. 20 1900 Filed by...*] My dear Governor:- Your letter of the 11th inst. I found awaiting my return from the West, where I have been for the past ten days. It was very good of you to remember the conversation about the lion hunt, and of course I appreciate the fact that you can only take Austin Wadsworth with you, under the circumstances, and it is very good of you to say that if you make another trip you will get me to go along with you. Nothing would give me greater pleasure. I sincerely hope that the trip you are about to make will be a great success and that you will have lots of sport. With kind regards, I am Yours very truly, Edward Bowditch [*5755*][[shorthand]][shorthand] [*5756*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by __________*] Dec. 17, 1900 119 EAST THIRTIETH STREET My dear Governor, Please give gamest consideration to George C. Holt as Backman's successor on the Supreme Court bench. His appointment would close your administration on the same plane as that of Col. Partridge opened it. Not only has Mr. Holt every possible personal and professional qualification, but he has certain political claims. Our [friends?] nominating committee - Republicans, Cits, City Club, Labor & the rest - agreed onhim as our Supreme Court candidate to run with Judge Daly in 1899; & when the Barrett [boom?] could no longer be resisted, Holt retired gracefully. He is a Strong Republican, enrolled of course, & has long been regarded by his colleagues at the bar as a man who could be a Judge in any community but governed by Tammany Hall. With cordial regards to Mrs. Roosevelt & remembrances to the children. I am as always, Sincerely yours Nicholas Murray Butler Governor RooseveltUnited States Senate, WASHINGTON, D. C., Dec. 17, 1900. 1900. My dear Governor:- I return to you Manley's letter; I handed you Mr. Depew's. Both these gentlemen are doing all they can in a judicious way to assist me. I dislike to be obliged to get re-elected through certificates from persons outside the state intended to commend me to my own people, who ought to know me and love me better than anyone outside the state. Unfortunately, there is great danger of my defeat throughrailroad pressure of the local railroad men. The superior railroad men vacillate; sometimes they think they ought to defeat me and other times they think it would be bad policy. The qu estion of my election or defeat will depend largely upon my vote on the first ballot. To aid me in the peculiar situation now existing, nearly all my Republican colleagues in the Senate are going to say something which will be published very soon. They will answer the question: Has Senator Chandler, by reason of his views and votes on the silver question, and by other political acts of his, greatly injured his standing in his party and lost the confidence and support of his Republican associates in Congress? 5757United States Senate, WASHINGTON, D. C., , 1900. (2) The President freely declares privately that he is my personal and political friend and would be glad to see me re-elected, but, of course, I say to him promptly that he must not do anything which would not seem proper for a President in connection with a local election, even that of a Senator. You are not under any particular stress of weather and, perhaps, will think you can some way let your views be publicly known. You will have to strain to a point, perhaps, to say publicly what you really think. The emergency is before you. Do, or not do, as you on the whole think best. Yours truly, [*W. E. Chandler*] Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, New York. 5758ESTABLISHED 1816 The Draper Company Incorporated 1896 Hopedale, Mass. Dec. 17, 1900. WILLIAM F. DRAPER, PREST. J.B. BANCROFT, VICE PREST. GEORGE A. DRAPER, TREASURER. EBEN S. DRAPER, AGENT. GEO. OTIS DRAPER, SEC'Y. E.D. BANCROFT, PURCHASING AGENT. FRANK J. DUTCHER, ASST. AGENT. My Dear Curtis: On Nov. 24th last I wrote Governor Roosevelt letter of which I enclose copy, and have not yet heard from him. Col. Clarke has received two letters from the Middlesex Club, asking us what date we are to hold our dinner, so that they may arrange for a dinner not to conflict with ours. I feel a little delicacy in importuning Governor Roosevelt to reply, and know he is very busy. I would like very much to have him set a date. Can you make any suggestion? I am sorry to impose upon your good nature, but you know "one good turn deserves another". Yours Truly, Geo A Draper The Republican Club is honored in its President to be - I congratulate it - Mr. Curtis Guild, 282 Washington St., Boston, Mass. [*5759*][*[For enc see 11-23-00]*]No. 2491 FIRST NATIONAL BANK of LOS ANGELES. J.M. ELLIOTT, President. Wm G. KERCHHOFF, Vice-President. FRANK A. GIBSON, Cashier. W.T.S. HAMMOND, Asst. Cashier. LOS ANGELES CAL 17 Dec., 1900 [*Executive Chamber, Answered, Dec 22 1900 Filed by...*] Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N.Y. Sir:- I assume that no apology is necessary for addressing you on behalf of Mrs. Jessie Benton Fremont, although without her knowledge. She told me yesterday of her having written you on the 11th instant, asking your good offices in securing for her son a leave of absence from foreign duty, in order that he might give attention to her claim before Congress. Miss Fremont fears that even if leave were promptly granted, it would be impracticable for him to reach Washington much before the end of the present session. It seems necessary, therefore, that others should do something, if anything is to be done. If Mrs. Fremont has been as reticent with you regarding her difficulties as she is with most of her friends, you have no adequate idea of her distress. Her sole means of support is the pension which she receives as Gen. Fremont's widow. Upon this she and her daughter lived modestly but comfortably until she met a severe accident early in this year. Since then she has constantly needed medical attendance and the services of a trained nurse, in addition to devoted attention of her daughter, who is herself elderly (nearly 60) and in ill health. The closest economy has not enabled them to have many things which are necessary under such circumstances. In the course of her conversation with me yesterday Mrs. Fremont said proudly: "We have no debts, but" and her eyes filled-"we have a deal of skimpiness." Still worse, however, is her haunting fear that her death and the consequent stoppage [*5760*]No. 2491 FIRST NATIONAL BANK of LOS ANGELES. J.M. ELLIOTT, President. Wm G. KERCHHOFF, Vice-President. FRANK A. GIBSON, Cashier. W.T.S. HAMMOND, Asst. Cashier. LOS ANGELES CAL. T.R.-2- of her pension will leave Miss Fremont absolutely unprovided for. You can imagine better than I can describe how the sleepless nights of such a high spirited woman are tortured by such thoughts. The attorney formerly looking after her claim has been appointed to the bench, and is disqualified. The absence of her sons on foreign duty has delayed the selection of another. Her friend, Senator Cushman K. Davis, had investigated the matter and was ready to urge its early consideration. His death was thus a double loss to Mrs. Fremont. As far as I am judge from the statement of both fact and law contained in the report of the Senate Committee on Military Affairs submitted July 9, 1892 (Senate Report No. 898 52nd Congress 1st Session), her claim appears to be a just and equitable one. It is a matter of record that other owners of land taken at the same time and place have had their property restored to them by Congress. I am told that Hon. Jno. J. Jenkins of the House Judiciary Committee, has familiarized himself with the case, and is competent to speak as to its merits, but have no intimation as to his opinion. The great party of which we are members should do no less than simple and exact justice to the distinguished widow of its first presidential candidate. She asks no more. But if it is to be done at all, it must be done quickly. She is very feeble. If the present Congress should fail to act, I greatly fear that her dying hours would be [*5761*]No. 2491 FIRST NATIONAL BANK of LOS ANGELES J.M. ELLIOTT, President. Wm G. KERCHHOFF, Vice-President. FRANK A. GIBSON, Cashier. W.T.S. HAMMOND, Asst. Cashier. LOS ANGELES CAL. T.R.-3- embittered by forebodings as to the future of her beloved and loving daughter. I realise, to some extent at least, the countless demands upon your time and patience, and write this letter (making it as brief as possible), because of the emergency of the case. At the same time I know a word from you can do a great service to Mrs. Fremont. Prompt action and such consideration as the merits of her case entitle her to is all that she or her friends ask. Your suggestion that such action and consideration are due her would have great and deserved weight. I am, very respectfully yours, Frank A. Gibson [*5762*][[shorthand]]SIMONDS & L'HOMMEDIEU, Attorneys at Law, MEDINA, N.Y. E.B. SIMONDS IRVING L'HOMMEDIEU [*Executive Chamber, Answered, Dec 22 1900 Filed by...*] December 17" 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N.Y. My Dear Governor: - A New York Journal reporter came here yesterday bearing copies of letters written by S. E. Filkins, of this place and myself to Senator Platt. It seems that Senator Platt upon receipt of these letters inclosed them in one of his to Colonel Youngs, with a request that the letters be returned to Senator Platt. It seems that this reporter also has a copy of Senator Platt's letter to Colonel Youngs. I send you this for your information and the query on my part is, who has been selling the private correspondence which was sent to your office. Very truly yours, Irving L'Hommedieu [*5763*][[shorthand]]your speech at the Civil Service Reform dinner, and in the details you gave as to the possibilities & limits of the examinations. Certainly you have a right to speak with authority on those points. I wish you and Mrs. Roosevelt much happiness in your new life in Washington, and many Merry Christmases and Happy New Years to you and all yours. Sincerely yours Josephine Shaw Lowell I also enclose note from Mr Jackson EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 17 1900 Filed by My dear Governor Roosevelt I am asked to make to you a very urgent request that you will speak in January at the Annual Meeting of the "Purity Alliance," upon the dangers of the attempts to "regulate" 5764vice, and I hereby do so. I wish very much that you could do this, for what you say would have great weight and there seems to be so much ignorance on the subject that there is need of instruction both as to the moral & physical evils to result from such a system. I enclose part of the last issue of "The Philanthropist", because the subject treated in it is so serious, and also to remind you what the "Purity Alliance", is. We remember with great gratitude what you did last year about our Bill, & I hope you have observed that men are being punished under that law who used to go scot-free. I was much interested in 5765[*[For enc see 12-7-00]*] EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 20 1900 Filed by 120 E. 30th St. New York Dec. 17 /00 My dear Governor Roosevelt- It was not one hour after I had written to you today, enclosing that account of the "licensing" system in Manilla, when I received this letter from London. I am sure they are right in trusting to you, as a "good man", 5766to do what you can to influence the Government to stop this evil, and I shall so write to [Miss Torsaith] Mr. Wilson. I will send the pamphlets when they reach me. Sincerely yours Josephine Shaw Lowell P. S. I wrote many weeks ago to Judge Taft about this matter, but have had no answer. I begged him to let me know if the account was not true. [*[Josephine Shaw Lowell]*] [*5767*][*Executive Chamber, Answered, Dec 20 1900 Filed by...*] [shorthand] The Civil Service Reform Association. Office of the Secretary. 54 William Street, New York. December 17, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber, Albany, N.Y. My dear Governor: Some of the members of the Law Committee of the Association feel that exemption of Deputy Sheriffs in Erie County, as proposed by the resolutions recently adopted by the State Commission, would establish a very unfortunate precedent. It is proposed to exempt not only deputies actually employed as such, but even a bookkeeper, a jailer, and several turnkeys and matrons who are commissioned as deputy sheriffs, for the sake of giving them a nominal claim to the same treatment - all on the theory that that part of civil service law which exempts "the deputies of principal executive officers authorized by law to act generally for and in place of their principals", applies to such cases. It has been our belief that this language was intended to exempt only such a deputy who is the alter ego of his principal, and that the words "generally for and in place of" can have only this meaning. We feel that if this construction stands the result will be, inevitably, to exempt the entire subordinated force in the Sheriff's Office not only in Erie County, but in corresponding offices of the other counties already classified. In New York the number of affected would be very great. We understand that the Civil Service Commissioners have given the matter very careful thought, and that they believe that they are bound by the law and by decisions of the Courts, to take the action that they have. We feel that there is at least so much doubt on this point, that you may be willing to examine a brief, embodying our contention, before the resolutions in question are approved. I enclose this brief, furnished by Mr. Ordway of counsel for the Association. If the matter is still open, and there is any point at all about which I can give you any further information from the point of view we take, I hope that you will command me. [*5768*]THE CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ASSOCIATION. OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY. 54 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK. 2. I want to thank you very heartily for coming to us as you did the other evening. It was exceedingly good to have you. Faithfully yours, Geo McAneny [*[McAneny]*] Secretary. Enclosure. [*5769*]2 americanizing the people. To tell the truth: my aspirations did not run exactly in that line! For our Administration going seriously and with a full view of permanency into the Colonial business - so to speak - is like a big manufacturing concern trying to open a new market: the merits and defects of the latter should be studied and weight before definite conclusions can be arrived at! A versatile and adaptable personnel is wanted, able of meeting reasonable demands made by the native element, not necessarily half-ways, but with a consideration it is entitled to. Germany - otherwise so successful - made a mess of its Colonies by attempting to run affairs, partly from Berlin, partly by sending abroad red-tapy and prejudiced officials, who had no sympathy for the now "subjects." The enclosed letter, written by the Rev J. Algué explains [*Executive Chamber, Answered, Dec. 24, 1900 Filed by...*] REFORM CLUB, 233 FIFTH AVENUE. December 19, 1900 To His Excelling Theodore Roosevelt Governor of the State of New York Albany Dear Sir, I beg leave to thank you for your very amiable letter, of Nov 23, the contents giving clear evidence that you had the Manilla affairs much at heart; they are certainly of vital importance to us, not solely in our position as a world's power more so, to demonstrate in face of all the jealous nations our fitness as civilizers with Olive branch in hand, after the sword has its innings. During our trip across the Atlantic and while here, Fr. Algué frequently suggested my going to the Philippines to assist Judge Taft in pacifying and americanizing [*5770*]4. has stirred up the desire to offer my services at the Philippine Islands to our Government, provided you believe me to be a fit and loyal pioneer of Americanism, in its broadest sense. In an old, well-settled place, one cannot show much ability, I therefore am anxious to get to a place where I have a hard task before me and a difficult problem to solve. Since my employment, years ago by Guzman Blanco in the Venezuelan- Dutch Guiana frontier conflict, my knowledge of Spanish has become a little rusty; I believe, however, that - having had a classical education and with the French and the Italian at my command - it will not take me long to master the Spanish language, respectively the patois spoken in the various islands, Some three weeks ago, on the very same day, two gentlemen expressed with great satisfaction their hopes that, instead of presiding over the 3. REFORM CLUB, 233 FIFTH AVENUE. December 17, 1900 explains itself. Thro' this first priest and Mr. Henry W. Taft, of 41 Wall Street, a brother of the Judge, directly, and thro' the reports of Genl McArthur and Archbish. Chappelle, indirectly, we learn that the progress in establishing a stable administration, enjoying the confidence of the natives is still rather slow and somewhat disappointing. At the request of his brother in Manila, Mr. Taft, of New York, made it known to members of the Bar Association that young lawyers were wanted as Judges of the local court: not a single application was made! Likewise positions of importance in the Civil Administration of the Island and of its municipalities remain vacant. The state of affairs, as described above, has [*5772*]6 Archbishop Ireland, who heartily indorses my application for a Manila post, gave me this morning a very lucid description of the way our Colonial affairs are managed in Washington by stating that, on this side of the line, all depended on Sec'y of War, Root, while on the other side, Judge Taft was the sole authority. Should you indorse my plans, would you be kind enough to point out ways and means for me to reach the desired end? Also, if there was a chance for me to serve in the Civil Administration of the Islands. I am not sure, if a letter of introduction to the Secretary of War would be the proper thing. - I have had a rather hard time ever since I arrived here; eight Italian winters seem to have weakened me considerably, I suffered all possible aches and ailings, from being run over to a tonsilitis, which confined me to my room 5 REFORM CLUB, 233 FIFTH AVENUE. December 17. 1900. the venerable, but somewhat fossilized body of Senators, there were good chances of your going as Governor General to the Philippines, one was Mr St John Gaffney the other Mr Oswald Ollendorfer: the news was too good to be true! - How highly the late Mr Ollendorfer esteemed you shows the following; in the conversation I had at his appartment, hardly three weeks ago, of course, your name was mentioned and the old gentleman said: "I think a great deal of Mr "R. because once he refused, on principle, a "bill which I intended to push thro' the Assembly "in regard to exempt the Charitable Institute "my family had organized - from taxation. "Since then I know Mr R. is a man of honor "and of principles, just what we need in politics "and so rarely have"! [*5774*][*[For enc see 11-22-00]*] 7. REFORM CLUB. 233 FIFTH AVENUE. December 17, 1900 room most of the time, thus preventing paying my respects to you in person. Should you desire to see me, please, appoint any day and hour, here or in Albany, which suits you best. I remain, dear Sir, with assurance of my most sincere admiration & loyalty, Yours faithfully W E Mantius 1/ one Enclosure. [*5776*]5777[shorthand] The American Monthly Review of Reviews 13 ASTOR PLACE, NEW YORK ALBERT SHAW, EDITOR [*Executive Chamber, Answered, Dec 22 1900 Filed by...*] December 17, 1900 Dear Governor: I would like to know in half a dozen lines exactly where you are going and what you are going to do from now until your inauguration on March 4. Of course I know you are going off hunting, and I hope you will have the best time you ever had in your life. But it is for business that I am writing you now. I want to say in just a few lines in the number of the Review that I am now putting to press a word or two about the wind-up of your administration as governor, and another word or two about your plans. I don't happen to see what looks like an accurate statement in the newspapers. I hope to see you before you go. As ever, Sincerely yours, Albert Shaw. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt. [*5778*][*PF*] Rio Grande Hotel Company E.A. THAYER Hotel Glenwood. HOTELS: Monte Cristo Hotel, SALIDA, COLORADO. Union Depot Hotel, PUEBLO, COLORADO. DINING STATIONS: Pueblo, Salida, Leadville, Minturn, Glenwood Springs. [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 17 1900 Filed by...*] Glenwood Springs, Colo. 190-- Gov. T. Roosevelt My Dear Col. I hear you are thinking of coming out on a hunt If so come to Glenwood and go out with me we would have to go out and stop at a ranch but there will be no trouble in getting lion if you can stay 2 or 3 weeks. My dogs are working fine. and I get every one I find a fresh track off. I have caught 2 big toms the last 2 weeks. give my best regards to Elihu Root. your Trooper. G. S. Smith [*5780*]No. 2127. [*Executive Chamber, Answered, Dec 31 1900 Filed by...*] United States Consulate at Munich. December 17th, 1900 Hon. Theodore Roosevelt Governor of New York. [shorthand] Dear Governor Professor Jenks of Cornell while with us studying the trust question in South Germany, had occasion more than once to speak of your great interest in all his work. There is just now a new movement inaugurated in this country to cope by legislation with the trust problem, and it may not be amiss to call your special attention to these new phases and suggest most respectfully that you instruct some one in Berlin to send you regular reports keeping you in command of the subject as it shall there progress. The coal question is an all absorbing topic here like the ice agitation at home and I enclose the latest discussions in the Reichstag as to the coal syndicates and their control of the trade. Professor Jenks found me interested in these topics and claimed to have attained his best help here. I hope I may prove of service [*5781*]to you also. The country is looking to you for work on a still broader basis than that so grandly done in Albany and while I am proud to have at least a small share in the effort to see you called to gubernatorial honors I regret that my duties here were so confining this fall as to have obliged me to circumscribe myself to the use of my pen only. However the result was glorious enough and is only an augury of what awaits you later. God bless you and have you and our country in his keeping. Very respectfully yours [*James H. Worman*] [*Enclosures*] 5782[For enc see 12-17-00][*[12-17-1900]*] NEWFOUNDLAND. The following is an exact copy of the Project of Reciprocity Treaty between United States and the Colony of Newfoundland agreed upon by Secretary Blaine and Sir Robert Bond, Colonial Secretary of Newfoundland, December 17, 1900, after several conferences. Copied from Vol. 118, Great Britain, Notes. Convention between the United States of America and Great Britain, for the improvement of commercial relations between the United States and Her Britannic Majesty's Colony of Newfoundland. The Governments of the United States and Great Britain, desiring to improve the commercial relations between the United States and Her Britannic Majesty's Colony of Newfoundland, have appointed as their respective Plenipotentiaries, and given them full powers to treat of and conclude such convention, that is to say, The President of the United States has appointed, on the part of the United States, James G. Blaine, Secretary of State; Her Britannic Majesty, on her part, has appointed Sir Julian Pauncefote. And the said Plenipotentiaries, after having exchanged their full powers, which were found to be in due and proper form [*5783*][*2*] form, have agreed to and concluded the following articles: ARTICLE I. United States fishing vessels entering the waters off Newfoundland shall have the privelege of purchasing herring, caplin, squid and other bait fishes, at all times, on the same terms and conditions, and subject to the same penalties, in all respects as Newfoundland vessels. They shall also have the privelege of touching and trading, selling fish and oil, and procuring supplies in Newfoundland, conforming to the harbor regulations, but without other charge than the payment of such light, harbor and customs dues as are or may be levied on Newfoundland fishing vessels. ARTICLE II. Dry codfish, cod oil, seal oil, seal skins, herrings, salmon, trout and salmon trout, lobsters, cod ross, tongues and sounds, the product of the fisheries of Newfoundland, shall be admitted into the United States free of duty. Also, all hogsheads, barrels, kegs, boxes or tin cans in which the articles above named may be carried shall be admitted free of duty. It is understood, however, that "green" codfish are not included in the provisions of this article. [*5784*]3 ARTICLE III. The officer of customs at the Newfoundland port where the vessel, laden with articles named in Article II, clears shall give to the master of the vessel a sworn certificate that the fish shipped were taken in the waters of Newfoundland; which certificate shall be countersigned by the Consul or Consular Agent of the United States and delivered to the proper officer of customs at the port of destination in the United States. ARTICLE IV. When this Convention shall come into operation, and during the continuance thereof, the duties to be levied and collected upon the following enumerated merchandise imported into the Colony of Newfoundland from the United States shall not exceed the following amounts, vis: Flour; twenty-five cents per barrel. Pork; one cent and a half per pound. Bacon and hams, tongues, smoked beef and sausages; two and one quarter cents per pound, or $2.50 per 112 lbs. Beef, pigs' heads, hocks and feet, salted and cured; one half cent per pound. Indian [*5785*]4 Indian meal; twenty-five cents per barrel. Peas; thirty cents per barrel Oatmeal; thirty cents per barrel of 200 lbs. Bran, Indian corn and rice; 12 and one half per cent ad valerem. Salt; in bulk, twenty cents per ton of 2,240 lbs. Kerosene oil; six cents per gallon. And the following articles imported into the Colony of Newfoundland from the United States shall be admitted free of duty: Agricultural implements and machinery imported by agricultural societies for the promotion of agriculture; Crushing mills for mining purposes; Raw cotton; Corn for the manufacture of brooms; Gas engines, when protected by patent; Plows and harrows; Reaping, raking, plowing, potato digging and seed sowing machines, to be used in the Colony; Printing presses and printing types. [*5786*]5 ARTICLE V. It is understood that if any reduction is made by the Colony of Newfoundland, at any time during the term of this Convention, in the rates of duty upon the articles named in Article IV, of this Convention, the said reduction shall apply to the United States. ARTICLE VI. The present Convention shall take effect as soon as the laws required to carry it into operation shall have been passed by the Congress of the United States, on the one hand, and the Imperial Parliament of Great Britain and the Provincial Legislature of Newfoundland, on the other. Such assent having been given, the Convention shall remain in full force for five years from the date at which it may come into operation, and further until the expiration of twelve months after either of the high contracting parties shall give notice to the other of its wish to terminate the same; each of the high contracting parties being at liberty to give such notice to the other at the end of the said term of five years or at any time afterwards. [*5787*] 6 ARTICLE VII. The present Convention shall be duly ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by Her Britannic Majesty; and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington on the first day of February, 1891, or as soon thereafter as practicable. In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have signed this Convention and have affixed our seals. Done in duplicate at Washington this............................... day of............. in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-one. 5788[*[Enc. in Adee 9-13-02]*]/223 [Adjutant General's Office, Washington, December 17, 1900. MacArthur, Manila. (Translation) With reference to your telegram of 13th, authority granted for retention of regular and volunteer officers Philippine Islands. By direction of the Secretary of War. Corbin] -oOo- Manila Received December 17, 1900. 11.46 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. With reference to your telegram of 13th, Ice Plant machinery inspected. No objection second payment. MacArthur. -oOo- Manila, Received December 18, 1900. 6.57a.m. Adjutant General, Washington Following deaths have occurred since last report: Dysentery: December 12, H, 32nd Infantry, Benonie Banning; M, 32nd Infantry Colter Shaw; December 10, B, 17th Infantry, George A. Newland; December 11, G, 24th Infantry, Sergeant Pleasant H. Hammond; December 14, M, 8th Infantry, John G. Hammer; November 24, F, 40th Infantry, Artificer James F. Barrett. Malarial Fever: December 8, D, 5th Infantry, Charles D. Phipps; December 9, F, 3d Cavalry, Alfred J. Maud; November 5, F, 2d Infantry, Richard B. Reddick. Typhoid fever: December 3, M, 24th Infantry, Senos Daniels; December 4, H, 2d Infantry, Corporal Leonard B. Neal; December 11, L, 41st Infantry, Frank Dechert. Died from wounds received in action: December 9, D, 21st Infantry, Michael O'Donnell; November 25, C, 47th Infantry, Thomas G.G. Brydges. Killed, kicked by horse: December 9, M, 7th Artillery, Thomas J. Labreck. Murdered by Moro, neck severed by Kris: November 25, A, 31st Infantry, Oliver L. Harter. Peritonitis: December 6, B, 3d Cavalry, Charles Conlin; November 28, A, 9th Cavalry, John H. Anderson. Asthma: December 12, B, 49th Infantry, Edward Jones. Pneumonia: November 15, K, 43d Infantry, Robert F. Lane. Variola: December 10, G, 48th Infantry, Samuel Duncan. Tuberculosis: December 9, C, 12th Infantry, Lee V. Haynes. Diphtheria: December 12, F, 35th Infantry, Charles W. Hake. Nephritis: December 10, Hospital Corps, Benjamin F. Jones. Drowned: December 4, C, 25th Infantry, William T. Jackson. MacArthur. [*5789*]Volkswirthschaftliche und bandels=Heilage zur Allgen Zur Lage des Kohlenmarktes. Noch immer zeigt der Kohlenmarkt das Gepräge un= veränderter Festigkeit, wenngleich im allgemeinen die ge= stellten Ansprüche befriedigt werden können und der Druck erträglicher zu werden beginnt, weil in Deutschland un= leugbar augenblicklich mehr Kohle vorhanden ist als im gleichen Zeitpunkt des Vorjahrs. Der Bericht über die Produktion der preußischen Steinkohlenbergwerke in den ersten neun Monaten des laufenden Jahres zeigt eine Förderungszunahme von 5,000,000 t gegen das Vorjahr, die Zahl der Betriebe ist von 267 auf 277, die der Arbeiter von 341,584 auf 375,591, also um rund 10 Proz., gewachsen. Noch bedeutender ist die Steigerung beim Braunkohlen= bergbau: hier hat sich die Förderung in den ersten neun Monaten von 20,300,000 t auf 24,300,000 t, die Anzahl der im dritten Quartal beschäftigten Arbeiter von 34,975 auf 41,207 gehoben, was in beiden Fällen eine Vermehrung von etwa 20 Proz. bedeutet. Eine weitere Zunahme werden die beiden letzten Monate gebracht haben, besonders in Oberschlesien, wo die Klagen über Arbeitermangel und unregelmäßiges Anfahren fast gänzlich verstummt sind. Auch die Verhältnisse bei der Ein- und Ausfuhr haben sich befriedigend entwickelt: bis zum 31. Okt. d. J. betrug der Einfuhrüberschuß in Braunkohle 6,300,000 t, dem aller= dings eine Mehrausfuhr in Steinkohle von 6,500,000 t gegenüberstand, so daß alles in allem gerechnet, bis jetzt im laufenden Jahre etwa 11 bis 12 Mill. Tonnen mehr den Verbrauchern zur Verfügung gestanden haben als im Vorjahr. Besonders weist der verflossene Oktober gegen= über seinem Vorgänger eine Einfuhrzunahme von 70,000 t Braunkohle und 200,000 t Steinkohle auf, von denen 140,000 t aus England kamen. Allein nach Hamburg wurden 80,000 t mehr verladen als im Oktober 1899; dies und das gleichzeitige Eintreffen von 10,000 t westfälischer Kohle warf den Preis der Steinkohle in Hamburg zeit= weilig um 4 M. für die Tonne. Der Grund dieser Ein= fuhrsteigerung liegt ohne Zweifel in der augenblicklichen Lage des englischen Kohlenmarktes. Infolge der amerika= nischen Konkurrenz in den Mittelmeerhäfen und des Nie= derganges der englischen Eisen- und Textilindustrie ist die Nachfrage bedeutend geringer geworden, so daß ein be= trächtliches Abflauen der Preise stattgefunden hat, wenn= gleich diese immer noch hoch und über dem Niveau des Vorjahres stehen. Beste Cardiffkohle, die im August kaum für 30 bis 35 M. zu haben war, kostete am 19. November M. 22.25, beste Northumbrische ist gleichfalls um 4 M. auf etwa 16 M. gesunken; rechnet man die Fracht vom Tyne nach Swinemünde mit M. 5.25 für die Tonne hinzu, so ergibt sich als Durchschnittspreis engli= scher Kohle für die Ostseehäfen 22 bis 23 Mark, wie denn thatsächlich am 19. November englische Kohle mit M. 1.10 bis M. 1.15 für den Zentner notirte. Während sich nun in Cardiff der Markt in letzter Zeit wieder zu versteifen beginnt, wird bereits am Tyne und in Glasgow über Mangel an Aufträgen geklagt, vor allem wollen die Verbraucher, die sonst um diese Zeit sich für das ganze Jahr deckten, sich nur noch auf Dreimonat= abschlüsse einlassen. Unter diesen Umständen, die übrigens kaum lange anhalten dürften, würde der Import nach Deutschland noch größer gewesen sein und noch mehr auf den Preis gewirkt haben, wenn sich nicht die Verladungs= vorrichtungen in den Häfen der Ostküste aus vollkommen unzureichend herausgestellt hätten, so daß die Abfertigung der Kohlendampfer nur langsam vor sich geht. Jedenfalls aber liegt die Ursache der gesteigerten Einfuhr aus Eng= land vorwiegend in der wahrscheinlich vorübergehenden Schwäche des dortigen Kohlenmarktes und nicht etwa in der allgemeinen Einführung der Rohstofftarife auf deut= schen Bahnen. Diese haben vielmehr bis jetzt nur die eine höchst eigenthümliche Wirkung gehabt, daß die Aussig= Teplitzer Bahn mit Genehmigung der k. k. Regierung die Frachten von den böhmischen Braunkohlenfeldern nach dem Aussiger Umladeplatz um annähernd ebensoviel er= höht hat, wie die durch die allgemeine Einführung der Rohstofftarife auf deutschen Bahnen erzielte Ermäßigung beträgt. Der Preis der Braunkohle ist nicht gesunken und der ganze Unterschied besteht nur darin, daß die deutsche Frachtermäßigung den Aktionären der Aussig-Teplitzer Bahn in die Tasche fließt. Trotzdem also im allgemeinen etwas günstigere Ver= hältnisse auf dem Kohlenmarkt platzzugreifen beginnen, ist doch von einem Niedergang der Preise oder von einer An= sammlung größerer Vorräthe nirgendwo in Deutschland etwas zu spüren. Nach wie vor wird die gesammte Mehr= förderung glatt vom Kohlenhandel aufgenommen, und daß die Lage so ziemlich überall und noch auf längere Zeit als fest betrachtet wird, beweisen einige größere Abschlüsse, die in letzter Zeit gemacht worden sind. Die Pariser Gas= werke haben kürzlich ihren Lieferungsvertrag von 300,000 t auf drei Jahre zu M. 13.75 ab Grube abgeschlossen, was gegen 1897 eine Erhöhung um 6 M. für die Tonne be[??] [?] bleche sogar um 17 M. für die Tonne gestiegen. Dazu kommen nun noch sehr bedeutende Aufträge der Regierung, die allein für 63 Mill. Mark Panzerplatten in Bestellung gegeben haben soll. Ebenso sicher aber ist es, daß sich bis jetzt der deutsche Markt dieser Besserung gegenüber ziem= lich passiv verhalten hat. Zwar die Produktion von Roh= eisen hat zugenommen und im September und Oktober die vorjährigen Zahlen um 48,000 und 50,000 t überboten, allein das ganze Plus scheint in die Bestände gegangen zu sein und nun auf die Preise zu drücken. Die Auflösung des sächsisch-schlesischen Walzeisenverbandes, die Einschränkung mancher Betriebe sowohl im Rheinland wie in Oberschlesien, endlich das fortwährende Niedergehen der Preise, die in der Verdingung des Werkstattmaterials für die östlichen Eisenbahndirektionsbezirke ihren doch wohl nicht mehr zu unterbietenden tiefsten Stand erreicht haben, das alles sind Züge, die zusammen ein sehr unerfreuliches Bild der gegenwärtigen Lage des Eisenmarktes in Deutschland ergeben. Umsomehr Annerkennung verdienen die Be= mühungen der Regierung, die eine Hebung der Eisenaus= fuhr bezwecken, doch wird die von ihr erzielte Fracht= ermäßigung der russischen Eisenbahnen für den deutschen Eisenimport bei dem Daniederliegen der südrussischen Eisenindustrie -- der Roheisenpreis ist dort von M. 92.40 im Beginn des November auf M 66.70 per Tonne ge= fallen -- nicht sofort den gewünschden Erfolg haben können. Eher ist eine Belebung der Ausfuhr zu erwarten, wenn das Beispiel des Westfällischen Walzdrahtsyndikats, das seinen Mitgliedern für die überseeische Ausfuhr eine Ver= gütung von 20 M. auf die Tonne versuchsweise für die beiden Monate November und Dezember gewährt hat, auch bei der preußischen Regierung Nachahmung finden sollte, wie die Antwort des Handelsministers an die Großindu= striellen des Saarreviers vermuthen läßt. Neuerdings hört man von größeren Ausfuhrgeschäften nach Oester= reich, die in Oberschlesien gemacht sind, und alles das wäre als der Anfang einer Gesundung des Marktes zu bezeich= nen, weil dadurch jedenfalls mit den Lagerbeständen ge= räumt wird, die augenblicklich die Preise drücken. Anderer= seits ist nicht zu leugnen, daß eine gewisse Neigung zur Schwarzseherei vorliegt: insbesondere ist doch wahrhaftig kein Grund vorhanden, von einem allgemeinen Nieder= gang der Industrie zu sprechen, jetzt, wo die Oktoberein= nahmen der deutschen Eisenbahnen aus der Güterbeför= derung eine Steigerung von 6 Mill. Mark gegen den Okto= ber des Vorjahres zeigen. Wie hat nicht das Ausblasen eines Hochofens der Donnersmarckhütte für die Beurthei= lung des Marktes herhalten müssen und nachher stellt sich denn heraus, daß der Ofen, einer der ältesten Ober= schlesiens, vollständig verbraucht war und ein Ersatzofen schon bereit steht, der im Februar in Betrieb gesetzt wer= den soll! Dem gegenüber hat Kommerzienrath Albert Hösch noch kürzlich darauf hingewiesen, daß bei den meisten Werken noch genügend Aufträge für eine mehrmonatige Beschäftigung vorhanden seien und auch aus Oberschlesien kommen ähnlich lautende Nachrichten. Ueberhaupt würde die Flauheit kaum einen solchen Grad erreicht haben, wenn man nicht trotz der neulichen Meldung, daß amerikanische Roheisenlieferanten sich infolge des Steigens der dortigen Preise weigerten, die vor Monaten verkauften Mengen zu liefern, noch immer mit der amerikanischen Konkurrenz rechnete. Allerdings sollen die American Steel and Wire Co. und Andrew Carnegie beabsichtigen, im Frühjahr einen direkten Export von den großen Seen durch die Welland- Kanal und den St. Lorenz nach Liverpool ins Werk zu setzen und die dazu nöthigen Dampfer sich bereits gesichert haben. Immerhin träfe das zunächst den englischen Kohlen= markt und außerdem mag bis dahin, wie es ja neuer= dings den Anschein hat, der Krieg in China sein Ende erreicht haben, wodurch unzweifelhaft ein neuer Aufschwung, jedenfalls der amerikanischen Eisenindustrie hervorgerufen würde. Möglicherweise beruht die Schwäche des Eisen= marktes auch zu einem Theil darauf, daß die Händler mit Aufträgen zurückhalten, um noch günstigere Preise zu er= zielen. Alsdann würde, wenn der fortgehende Verbrauch sie zwingt, ihre Karten aufzudecken, sich der Eisenmarkt ganz plötzlich befestigen; die steigende Produktion würde neuerdings große Ansprüche an die Kohlengruben stellen, die nicht gelinder als die erste ausfallen dürfte. Um so größeres Interesse müssen die Verhandlungen des Reichstags erregen, der sich bei Gelegenheit der Inter= pellation des Abg. Heim über die Kohlennoth gleichfalls mit den einschlägigen Verhältnissen befassen muß. Ein= schneidende Maßregeln freilich, durch die eine Verbilligung der Kohle herbeigeführt würde, werden sich allerdings schwerlich ergeben: das liegt in der Natur der Verhält= nisse. Ueber das Ausfuhrverbot habe ich mich schon im letzten Bericht vom 4. November ausgesprochen; zu den dort geäußerten Bedenken kommt noch dies hinzu, daß nach dem letzten Monatsausweis über unsern auswertigen Handel (Oktoberheft) unsre Kohlenbilanz fortgesetzt passiv [missing text]............ werden die beiden letzten Monate gebracht baben, besonders in Oberschlesien, wo die Klagen über Arbeitermangel und unregelmäßiges Anfahren fast gänzlich verstummt sind. Auch die Verhältnisse bei der Ein- und Ausfuhr haben sich befriedigend entwickelt: bis zum 31. Okt. d.J. betrug der Einfuhrüberschuß in Braunkohle 6,300,000 t, dem aller= dings eine Mehrausfuhr in Steinkohle von 6,500,000 t gegenüberstand, so daß alles in allem gerechnet, bis jetzt im laufenden Jahre etwa 11 bis 12 Mill. Tonnen mehr den Verbrauchern zur Verfügung gestanden haben als im Vorjahr. Besonders weist der verflossene Oktober gegen- über seinem Vorgänger eine Einfuhrzunahme von 70,000 t Braunkohle und 20,000 t Steinkohle auf, von denen 140,000 t aus England kamen. Allein nach Hamburg wurden 80,000 t mehr verladen als im Oktober 1899; dies und das gleichzeitige Eintreffen von 10,000 t westfählischer Kohle warf den Preis der Steinkohle in Hamburg zeit= weilig um 4 M. für die Tonne. Der Grund dieser Ein= fuhrsteigerung liegt ohne Zweifel in der augenblicklichen Lage des englischen Kohlemarktes. Infolge der amerika= nischen Konkurrenz in den Mittelmeerhäfen und des Nie= derganges der englischen Eisen- und Textilindustrie ist die Nachfrage bedeutend geringer geworden, so daß ein be= trächtliches Abflauen der Preise stattgefunden hat, wenn= gleich diese immer noch hoch und über den Niveau des Vorjahres stehen. Beste Cardiffkohle, die im August kaum für 30 bis 35 M. zu haben war, kostete am 19. Novermber M. 22.25, beste Northumbrische ist gleichfalls um 4 M. auf etwa 16 M. gesunken; rechnet man die Fracht vom Tyne nach Swinemünde mit M. 5.25 für die Tonne hinzu, so ergibt sich als Durchschnittspreis englischer Kohle für die Ostseehäfen 22 bis 23 Mark, wie denn thatsächlich am 19. November englische Kohle mit M. 1.10 bis M 1.15 für den Zentner notirte. Während sich nun in Cardiff der Markt in letzter Zeit wieder zu versteifen beginnt, wird bereits am Tyne und in Glasgow über Manel an Aufträgen geklagt, vor allem wollen die Verbraucher, die sonst um diese Zeit sich für das ganze Jahr deckten, sich nur noch auf Dreimonat= abschlüsse einlassen. Unter diesen Umständen, die übrigens kaum lange anhalten dürften, würde der Import nach Deutschland noch größer gewesen sein und noch mehr auf den Preis gewirkt haben, wenn sich nicht die Verladungs= vorrichtungen in den Häfen der Ostküste als vollkommen unzureichend herausgestellt hätten, so daß die Abfertigung der Kohlendampfer nur langsam vor sich geht. Jedenfalls aber liegtdie Ursache der gesteigerten Einfuhr aus Eng= land vorwiegend in der wahrscheinlich vorübergehenden Schwäche des dortigen Kohlenmarktes und nicht etwa in der allgemeinen Einführung der Rohstofftarife auf deut= schen Bahnen. Diese haben vielmehr bis jetzt nur die eine höchst eigenthümliche Wirkung gehabt, daß die Aussig= Teplitzer Bahn mit Genehmigung der k.k. Regierung die Frachten von den böhmischen Braunkohlenfeldern nach dem Aussiger Umladeplatz um annähernd ebensoviel er= höht hat, wie die durch die allgemeine Einführung der Rohstofftarife auf deutschen Bahnen erzielte Ermäßigung beträgt. Der Preis der Braunkohle ist nicht gesunken und der ganze Unterschied besteht nur darin, daß die deutsche Frachtermäßigung den Aktionären der Aussig=Teplitzer Bahn in die Tasche fließt. Trotzdem also im allgemeinen etwas günstigere Ver= hältnisse auf dem Kohlenmarkt platzzureifen beginnen, ist doch von einem Niedergang der Preise oder von einer An= sammlung größerer Vorräthe nirgendwo in Deutschland etwas zu spüren. Nach wie vor wird die gesammte Mehr= förderung glatt vom Kohlenhandel aufgenommen, und daß die Lage so ziemlich überall und noch auf längere Zeit als fest betrachtet wird, beweisen einige größere Abschlüsse, die in letzter Zeit gemacht worden sind. Die Pariser as= werke haben kürzlich ihren Lieferungsvertrag von 300,000 t auf drei Jahre zu M. 13.75 ab Grube abgeschlossen, was gegen 1897 eine Erhöhung um 6 M. für die Tonne be= deutet; die Schweizerische Nordostbahn hat ihren Bedarf für 1901 sich im Saarrevier diesmal nur für M. 25.47 per Tonne sichern können, während der Abschluß für 1900 noch zum Grundpreis von M. 20.17 erfolgte, und endlich hat die englische Admiralität, die eine Lieferung von 800,000 t best Cardiff zu vergeben hatte, nur 250,000 t zu M. 20.25 bis M. 21. - erhalten; während der Rest zu höheren Preisen angeboten, aber von den Lords der Admiralität nicht an= genommen ward. Demgemäß scheint es, als ob sich auch weiterhin die Preise auf derselben Höhe halten werden wie in den Vormonaten, so daß die Kohlennoth latent bleibt und jeden Augenblick wieder ausbrechen kann, sei es durch ausbrechende Strikes, deren Verhütung von den Grubenbesitzern als moralische Verpflichtung empfun= den werden müßte, sei es endlich durch den von vielen Seiten erwarteten, aber in Deustchland immer noch nicht eingetretenen Aufschwung der Eisenindustrie. Allerdings ist gerade über diesen letzten und wichtigsten Punkt schwer ins Reine zu kommen, da sich die einlaufenden Berichte einigermaßen widersprechen. Thatsache ist zunächst, daß die Belebung des amerikanischen Eisenmarktes, die man von McKinley's Wiederwahl erwartete, auch wirklich ein= etreten ist, und wenn auch die Juli=Preise noch nicht wieder erreicht sind, so ist doch der Preis für Stahlknüppel in der letzten Zeit durchweg um 12 M., der für Grob= 5790 (missing Text) mühungen der Regierung, die eine Hebung der Eisenaus= fuhr bezwecken, doch wird die von ihr erzielte Fracht= ermäßigung der russischen Eisenbahnen für den deutschen Eisenimport bei dem Daniederliegen der südrussischen Eisenindustrie - der Roheisenpreis ist dort von M. 92.40 im Beginn des November auf M. 66.70 per Tonne ge= fallen - nicht sofort den gewünschten Erfolg haben können. Eher ist eine Belebung der Ausfuhr zu erwarten, wenn das Beispiel des westfälischen Walzdrahtsyndikats, das seinen Mitgliedern für die überseeische Ausfuhr eine Ver= gütung von 20 M. auf die Tonne versuchsweise für die beiden Monate November und Dezember gewährt hat, auch bei der preußischen Regierung Nachahmun finden sollte, wie die Antwort des Handelsministers an die Großindu= striellen des Saarreviers vermuthen läßt. Neuerdings hört man von größeren Ausfuhrgeschäften nach Oester= reich, die in Oberschlesien gemacht sind, und alles das wäre als der Anfang einer Gesundung des Marktes zu bezeich= nen, weil dadurch jedenfalls mit den Lagerbeständen ge= räumt wird, die auenblicklich die Preise drücken. Andrer= seits ist nicht zu leugnen, daß eine gewisse Neigung zur Schwarzseherei vorliegt: insbesondere ist doch wahrhaftig kein Grund vorhanden, von einem allgemeinen Nieder= gang der Industrie zu sprechen, jetzt, wo die Oktoberein= nahmen der deutschen Eisenbahnen aus der Güterbeför= derung eine Steierung von 6 Mill. Mark gegen den Okto= ber des Vorjahres zeigen. Wie hat nicht das Ausblasen eines Hochofens der Donnersmarckhütte für die Beurthei= lung des Marktes herhalten müssen und nachher stellt sich denn heraus, daß der Ofen, einer der ältesten Ober= schlesiens, vollständig verbraucht war und ein Ersatzofen schon bereit steht, der im Februar in Betrieb gesetzt wer= den soll! Demgegenüber hat Kommerzienrath Albert Hösch noch kürzlich darauf hingewiesen, daß bei den meisten Werken noch genügend Aufträge für eine mehrmonatige Beschäftigung vorhanden seien und auch aus Oberschlesien kommen ähnlich lautende Nachrichten. Ueberhaupt würde die Flauheit kaum einen solchen Grad erreicht haben, wenn man nicht trotz der neulichen Meidung, daß amerikanische Roheisenlieferanten sich infolge des Steigens der dortigen Preise weigerten, die vor Monaten verkauften Mengen zu liefern, noch immer mit der amerikanischen Konkurrenz rechnete. Allerdings sollen die American Steel and Wire Co, und Andrew Carnegie beabsichtigten, im Frühjahr einen direkten Export von den großen Seen durch den Welland= Kanal und den St. Lorenz nach Liverpool ins Werk zu setzen und die dazu nöthigen Dampfer sich bereits gesichert haben. Immerhin träfe das zunächst den englischen Kohlen= markt und außerdem mag bis dahin, wie es ja neuer= dings den Anschein hat, der Krieg in China sein Ende erreicht haben, wodurch unzweifelhaft ein neuer Aufschwung, jedenfalls der amerikanischen Eisenindustrie hervorgerufen würde. Möglicherweise beruht die Schwäche des Eisen= marktes auch zu einem Theil darauf, daß die Händler mit Aufträgen zurückhalten, um noch günstigere Preise er= zielen. Alsdann würde, wenn der fortgehende Verbrauch sie zwingt, ihre Karten aufzudecken, sich der Eisenmarkt ganz plötzlich beestigen; die steigende Produktion würde neuerdings große Ansprüche an die Kohlengruben stellen, und wir hätten eine zweite Auflage der Kohlennoth, die nicht gelinder als die erste ausfallen dürfte. Um so größeres Interesse müssen die Verhandlungen des Reichstags erregen, der sich bei Gelegenheit der Inter= pellation des Abg. Heim über die Kohlennoth gleichfalls mit den einschlägigen Verhältnissen befassen muß. Ein= schneidende Maßregeln freilich, durch die eine Verbilligung der Kohle herbeigeführt würde, werden sich allerdings schwerlich ergeben: das liegt in der Natur der Verhält= nisse. Ueber das Ausfuhrverbot habe ich mich schon im letzten Bericht vom 4. November ausgesprochen; zu den dort geäußerten Bedenken kommt noch dies hinzu, daß nach dem letzten Monatsausweis über unsern auswärtigen handel (Oktoberheft) unsre Kohlenbilanz fortgestzt passiv bleibt, so daß, falls Oesterreich dem Beispiel des Aus= fuhrverbotes folgt, wie es im eigenen Interesse muß, die Spitze der Maßregel sich gegen uns selbst kehren würde. Daß ferner die Aufhebung der Ausfuhrtarife bei der ge= ringen Kohlenmenge, die zu ermäßigten Preisen aus= geführt wird, auch nicht viel nützen würde, ist gleichfalls längst anerkannt. Und so bliebe denn als einziges Mittel das in der That ein Sinken des Kohlenpreises zur Folge haben könnte, eine bedeutende Ermäßigung der Eisen= bahntarife für die Beförderung von Kohlen überhaupt. Allein, wenn man bedenkt, daß von den 230 Mill. t, die im Jahre 1898 auf den deutschen Eisenbahnen befördert wurden, annähernd 100 Mill. t lediglich Kohlentransporte waren, so begreift man, was für einen Einnahmeausfall das geben würde, zumal für Preußen, auf dessen Eisenbahnen sich die oben gegebenen Zahlenverhältnisse noch wesentlich ungünstiger gestalten. Und wenn man sich dann erinnert, in wie hohem Maße die Einnahmen des preußischen Staates auf den Eisenbahnüberschüssen begründet sind, so ist es ohne weiteres klar, daß der preußische Finanz= minister ein sehr gewichties Wort zu ungunsten der Maßregel in die Waagschale werfen muß. In der That müßte der Ausfall doch auf irgend eine Weise gedeckt werden, und ein Loch aufzureißen, um ein anderes zu stopfen, ist keine verständige Politik. Um so wichtiger da= gegen sind die Verhandlungen im Reichstag insofern als — 2 — Hauses Rothschild hat vorgestern 30 Millionen Kronen der un= garischen Kronen=Rente übernommen, in drei Tagen war dieser Betrag ausverkauft. Das ist ein so erfreuliches Moment auf dem Anlagemarkte, daß die ganze Börse dadurch naturgemäß günstig influencirt wird. Hundertzwanzig Millionen Kronen beträgt die ganze Emission, und dieselbe wird in wenigen Monaten rasch und günstig placirt. Das zeigt, daß billige Anlagewerthe, deren Boni= tät außer Zweifel steht, immer noch ihren Anwerth finden. In= teressant war auch noch, daß sich seit vielen Jahren zum ersten= male wieder eine Coulisse für Renten bildete und daß die Speku= lation sich der ungarischen Kronenrente bemächtigte. Seit langer Zeit hatten wir in Wien keine Renten=Spekulation mehr und die Kurse richteteten sich nach dem zufälligen Zusammentreffen von Angebot und Nachfrage. In den letzten Tagen haben wir wenig= stens für die ungarische Kronenrente wiederum einen ziemlich regelmäßig funktionirenden Markt. Der günstige Emissionserfolg bewirkte, daß die Aktie der Kreditanstalt im Kurse gehoben wurde; das gab der Börse im allgemeinen eine freundlichere Physiognomie. Der Verkehr ist bei alledem noch sehr minimal und auf wenige Effekten beschränkt. Allein es ist doch nicht mehr die absolute Todtenstarre, die wir seit vielen Wochen beobachten, und die Börse befindet sich nicht mehr vis-a-vis de rien, sondern hat wieder eine allerdings sehr schwache und spärliche Hoffnung. O. Paris, 29. Nov. Die Woche ist, was den Umfang der Umsätze anbelangt, höchst bedeutungslos gewesen. Die Abstände der Notirungen sind von einer Woche zur anderen kaum erwäh= nenswerth und vielleicht steht das Ensemble der Cote demjenigen der Vorwoche eher nach. Diese Erscheinung bedarf der Erklärung, zumal sie den Verfügbarkeiten des Platzes, sowohl als dem ge= schäftlichen Horizonte widerspricht. Sie rührt vornehmlich von der Zurückhaltung der Spekulationen her, aber diese ist wiederum nur ein Symptom und eine Erklärung. Die Kernfrage ist die, warum diese Unlust des Zeitgeschäfts, die weder die Flüssigkeit der Kapitalien, noch der flotte Gang der Durchberathung des fan= zösischen Staatshaushaltes, noch der positive Erfolg der Weltaus= stellung, noch irgendwelcher wirthschaftliche Faktor rechtfertigen. -- Die Londoner Liquidation hat einen unerwartet billigen Geld= stand erwiesen, Berlin befriedigende Kurse bei relativ animirter Stimmung, die Nachrichten vom Befinden des Zaren lauten ver= heißungsvoll, die innere fanzösiche Politik geht ihren glatten Gang, und das Ministerium sitzt fester als je; der Rumor der Be= grüßung des Transvaalpräsidenten Krüger, aus der die Umsturz= parteien des Nationalismus und Royalismus so gern Verlegen= heiten für die Regierung herausgeschlagen hätten, verläuft mit einer Harmlosigkeit, die in die Ferne vor den Parisern staunen machen muß. Auch die an eine Panik streifende Rückwärts= bewegung der Traditionswerthe von Anfang Oktober hat sich trotz noch immer nervöser Schwankungen der Kurse gelegt, und der Kurssturz der Exterieures ist theilweise verschmerzt und eingeholt. Zudem gehen wir der Ultimo=Regulirung entgegen, welche Schwie= rigkeiten der Abwicklung unmöglich in sich bergen kann. Unter solchen Verhältnissen ist die apathische Trägheit des Zeitverkehrs verwirrend für den Berichterstatter. Es scheint aber, daß die Platzsituation ncoh immer nicht genügend durch die Exekutionen des vorigen Monats gereinigt und die Spekulation entnervt ist durch die Nothwendigkeit, ihre Sanirungsarbeit immer wieder von neuem beginnen zu müssen. Dank dem Baarverkehr hielten sich die französischen Renten und die um sie gravitirenden Staats= und Privatpapiere mit Staatsgarantie recht gut. Sonst fehlt dem Kontantenverkehr des Rentenmarktes seit langem jener mächtige Sporn der Käufe für Rechnung der Sparkassen, seitdem aber die Maximaleinlage der Sparhefte herabgesetzt worden ist, verkaufen die Sparkassen, und die zur Auszahlung gelangenden Beträge wenden sich nicht den Renten, sondern den Loosen der Städte und des Credit Foncier zu, in denen trots der hohen und deßhalb wenig elastischen Kurse das Angebot immer die Nachfrage deckt, deren Umsätze jedoch auf die Börse und für sich wenig Einfluß ausüben und zum größten Theil sogar außer Börse effektuirt werden. In auswärtigen Staatsfonds, die großentheils in Spekulationswerthen bestehen, ist das Geschäft eher still geworden, daher ein gewisses Einsinken ohne Belang der Italiener, Portugiesen, Brasilier, während ottomanische Fonds im Gegentheil nach so langandauernder Vernachlässigung sich erheb= licher Käufe mit Kursaufbesserung erfreut haben. Die Ex= erieures hatten sich, wie bemerkt, tüchtig erholt, bleiben aber immerhin etwas schwachbeinig. Man ist ganz in Ungewißheit bezüglich der Absichten der Regierung rücksichtlich des Convenios. In Paris scheint man überhaupt das Convenio sozusagen aus den Augen verloren zu haben und schimpft weidlich über die "Asso= ciation francaise des porteurs de fonds etrangers", was auch eine Art des Trostes ist. Die russischen Fonds sind stationär, was auch der Ungewißheit des Zeitpunktes einer neuen Anleihe seine Erklärung findet. Unsre Kreditbanken wiesen die letzten Tage durchweg Kursminderungen auf, die nur in der Augenblicks= laune begründet sind. Fast alle haben ein gutes Geschäftsjahr hinter sich, eben ein Ausstellungsjahr, und nur diejenigen unter ihnen, die zu sehr in den Traditionsunternehmungen engagirt sind, scheinen eine unzureichende Remuneration ihrer Kapitalien heraus= zuschlagen. In Ungunst steht augenblicklich die Schlafwagengesell= schaft, was für ein Ausstellungsjahr ein böses Omen ist. Umsonst versucht die Verwaltung seit Monaten gagegen zu reagiren, es scheint halt doch, daß sie in den großen Palace=Hotels Geld unpro= duktiv festgelegt und deßhalb im Rechnungsjahre um nahezu fünf Millionen verloren hat. Die Dividende mag deßhalb immerhin ansehnlich ausfallen, die Thatsache an und für sich allein bietet der Kritik die Flanke und leitet den Verkäufern Wasser auf die Mühle. Im Minengeschäft ist die schlechte Haltung der Kohlenwerke zu vermelden, die darauf hindeutet, daß Niemand an das Anhalten der hohen Kohlenpreise glaubt. Dagegen ist Rio Tinto Objekt zahlreicher Umsätze gewesen. Die Goldminen sind unter Londons Einfluß vernachlässigt. [missing text] [missing text] bis 4 Proz., achttägiges 3 3/4 - 4 Proz. und vierzehtägiges 4 1/2 Proz., feinste Zwei= bis Sechsmonatswechsel 4 - 4 1/8 Proz. Wiewohl die deismalige Liquidation an der hiesigen Werth= papierbörse ungleich glatter von Statten ging als man in Anbetracht ihres Umfangs vielfach erwartet hatte, fand nach ihrer Beendigung doch eine ausgesprochene Verschlechterung der Stim= mung statt. Zum Theil war das darauf zurückzuführen, daß in amerikanischen Bahnen eine von New=York ausgehende Reaktion veranlaßt wurde, weil man daselbst auf das Vorhandensein eines hiesigen Decouverts rechnete, und in dieser Erwartung gelegent= lich der Liquidation enttäuscht wurde. Aber auch abgesehen davon, haben Yankee=Werthe nun noch dadurch zu leiden, daß in weiteren Kreisen eine Unterbrechung der steigenden Bewegung bis zum neuen Jahre erwartet wird. Spekulationen realisiren daher flott ihre Gewinne, aber Kapitalisten, die für ihre Stücke bezahlt haben, dürften im allgemeinen die Zukunft ruhig abwarten, die als eine so vielherheißende erscheint. Alle Berichte über die kommerzielle und industrielle Regsamkeit in den Vereinigten Staaten lauten glän= zend, und selbst in der Eisenindustrie ist ein erneuter Aufschwung zu verzeichnen. Die jüngsten Ausweise der Kohlenbahnen fielen allerdings schlecht aus, doch war das des letztenBergarbeiteraus= standes wegen zu erwarten. Fremde Renten enwickelten im großen Ganzen Stetigkeit, aber nennenswerthe Nachfrage bestand nur nach der 1856 er argentinischen Anleihe, die zum Theil von Deutschland ausging, und ferner nach Chinesen. Unter letzteren standen 6 proz., die 5 proz. und die 4 1/2 proz. Anleihen die meiste Beachtung. Während südafrikanische Minen unter dem Einflusse der noch immer recht ungünstigen Nachrichten aus dem Transvaal ganz vernachlässigt bleiben, hat sich das Interesse für Westaustralier neuerdings be= deutend belebt. Namentlich für Lake Views machte sich reger Be= gehr bemerklich, nachdem die jüngsten Versuche der Baisseclique, die Preise durch Verläufe zu beeinflussen, mit einem entschiedenem Fiasko endeten. Es fanden sich eben zu den derzeitigen Preisen, ebenso wie für alle anderen leitenden australischen Minen bereit= willige Nehmer. Sobald die Großspekulanten der Versuche müde sein werden, das Herabdrücken der Notirungen bis auf einen Standpunkt yu bewirken, der es ihnen ermöglichen würde, sich alle die leitenden Minen für eine gewaltige Kombination zu sichern, dürfte sich die ganze Lage der Westaustralier mit einem Schlage ändern. New=York, 29. Nov. Der animirte oder vielmehr er= regte Ton, der unsre Werthpapierbörse seit der Beendigung der Wahlen auszeichnete, hiel auch während der letzten Woche noch in unverändertem Maße vor, wiewohl kleine Reaktionen an mehreren Tagen die Marktpropheten bereits veranlaßten, lärmend das Ende des sogenannten "Boom" zu verkünden. Eine Unter= brechung der steigenden Bewegung wäre allerdings auch jetzt nichts Ueberraschendes, doch nur eine solche steht zu erwarten, weil ein= mal das Tempo, in dem die Preise sich nach oben bewegten, ein gar zu schnelles war und wir außerdem jetzt am Anfang derjenigen Periode stehen, in der es auf den Eisenbahnen still zu werden be= ginnt. Der Winter unterbricht vielfach den Bahnverkehr, ver= hindert infolge der Unwegsamkeit der Landstraße die Farmer an der Abfuhr ihrer Erzeugnisse und außerdem leidet der Güter= transport Abbruch durch das Stocken des Binnenschaffahrtsver= kehrs, vornehmlich auf den großen Seen. Bis zum Augenblick macht sich aber, wie gesagt, kein einziges wirkliches Anzeichen der unausbleiblichen längeren Reaktion bemerklich. Wenn dieselbe kommt, wird sie voraussichtlich nicht länger wie etwas bis Mitte Januar anhalten, denn einmal wird es jetzt schon wieder in Handel und Industrie ungemein lebhaft, neue Unternehmungen werden allenthalben gegründet, und die Menge des lohnende Anlage suchenden Kapitals wird in dem Maß größer, in dem unser Ausfuhrgeschäft steigt. Ohne Zweifel haben die vorsichtigen Spekulanten jetzt bereits damit begonnen, ihre während der letzten Woche gesicherten ungeheuren Gewinne zu realisiren, aber die= jenigen, die Eisenbahnwerthe behufs Kapitalanlage kauften, dürften sich durch die kommende Reaktion schwerlich beunruhigen lassen, und ihre Stücke wieder abstoßen. Die fernere Prosperität unsrer Eisenbahnen erscheint unbedingt gesichert, und wie bedeutend auch die Notirungen durchweg gestiegen sind, so ist ihr erhöhter Stand= punkt doch im allgemeinen durch die Dividenden gerechtfertigt, die die Bahnen jetzt verdienen. Ja, man darf wohl sagen, daß sie im Vergleich zu ähnlichen Kapitalanlagen in Anbetracht der Inter= essen, die sie abwerfen, zum großen Theil noch als billig zu be= zeichnen sind. Atchison=Stammaktien, auf die an dieser Stelle wiederholt aufmerksam gemacht wurde, errichten soeben den höchsten seit der diesmaligen Hausse berührten Standpunkt. Dazu trug nicht wenig der Umstand bei, daß der Oktober=Ausweis der Ge= sellschaft glänzend ausfiel, indem derselbe eine Vermehrung der Roheinnahmen un 560,504 Doll. und der Reineinnahmen um 282,605 Doll. zeigte. Auch Southern Pacific Stamm= wie Vor= zugsaktien waren lebhaft gefragt, was mit erneuten Gerüchten zu= sammenhing, denen gemäß die Pennsylvania=Eisenbahn bermüht sein soll, sich durch Erwerbung der Aktien die Kontrole der Bahn zu sichern. Wie es heißt, wird nun auch der Voting Trust der Southern, wie unlängst der der Nothern Pacific aufgelöst wer= den, weil die Bahn wiederum zur permanenten Dividendenzahlerin geworden ist. Abschlüsse von Brauereigesellschaften im Jahre 1899/1900. Der Aufsichtsrath der Berliner Weiß= bierbrauerei Ed. Gebhardt Aktiengesellschaft be= schloß, der Generalversammlung die Vertheilung einer Dividende von 8 Proz. (wie im Vorjahr) in Vorschlag zu bringen bei Abschreibungen von ca. 65,600 M. (im Vor= jahr 58,200 M.). -- Der Ueberschuß der Vereinigten Werder´schen Brauereien für das abgelaufene Ge= schäftsjahr beträgt rund 68,000 M. (gegen rund 45,000 M. [missing text] ä : Alt + 0228 ö : Alt + 0246 ü : Alt + 0252 ß : Alt + 0223 Ä : Alt + 0196 Ö : Alt + 0214 Ü : Alt + 0220nenswerth und vielleicht steht das Ensemble der Cote demjenigen der Vorwoche eher nach. Diese Erscheinung bedarf der Erklärung, zumal sie den Verfügbarkeiten des Platzes, sowohl als dem ge= schäftlichen Horizonte widerspricht. Sie rührt vornehmlich von der Zurückhaltung der Spekulationen her, aber diese ist wiederum nur ein Symptom und eine Erklärung. Die Kernfrage ist die, warum diese Unlust des Zeitgeschäfts, die weder die Flüssigkeit der Kapitalien, noch der flotte Gang der Durchberathung des fan= zösischen Staatshaushaltes, noch der positive Erfolg der Weltaus= stellung, noch irgendwelcher wirthschaftliche Faktor rechtfertigen. -- Die Londoner Liquidation hat einen unerwartet billigen Geld= stand erwiesen, Berlin befriedigende Kurse bei relativ animirter Stimmung, die Nachrichten vom Befinden des Zaren lauten ver= heißungsvoll, die innere fanzösiche Politik geht ihren glatten Gang, und das Ministerium sitzt fester als je; der Rumor der Be= grüßung des Transvaalpräsidenten Krüger, aus der die Umsturz= parteien des Nationalismus und Royalismus so gern Verlegen= heiten für die Regierung herausgeschlagen hätten, verläuft mit einer Harmlosigkeit, die in die Ferne vor den Parisern staunen machen muß. Auch die an eine Panik streifende Rückwärts= bewegung der Traditionswerthe von Anfang Oktober hat sich trotz noch immer nervöser Schwankungen der Kurse gelegt, und der Kurssturz der Exterieures ist theilweise verschmerzt und eingeholt. Zudem gehen wir der Ultimo=Regulirung entgegen, welche Schwie= rigkeiten der Abwicklung unmöglich in sich bergen kann. Unter solchen Verhältnissen ist die apathische Trägheit des Zeitverkehrs verwirrend für den Berichterstatter. Es scheint aber, daß die Platzsituation ncoh immer nicht genügend durch die Exekutionen des vorigen Monats gereinigt und die Spekulation entnervt ist durch die Nothwendigkeit, ihre Sanirungsarbeit immer wieder von neuem beginnen zu müssen. Dank dem Baarverkehr hielten sich die französischen Renten und die um sie gravitirenden Staats= und Privatpapiere mit Staatsgarantie recht gut. Sonst fehlt dem Kontantenverkehr des Rentenmarktes seit langem jener mächtige Sporn der Käufe für Rechnung der Sparkassen, seitdem aber die Maximaleinlage der Sparhefte herabgesetzt worden ist, verkaufen die Sparkassen, und die zur Auszahlung gelangenden Beträge wenden sich nicht den Renten, sondern den Loosen der Städte und des Credit Foncier zu, in denen trots der hohen und deßhalb wenig elastischen Kurse das Angebot immer die Nachfrage deckt, deren Umsätze jedoch auf die Börse und für sich wenig Einfluß ausüben und zum größten Theil sogar außer Börse effektuirt werden. In auswärtigen Staatsfonds, die großentheils in Spekulationswerthen bestehen, ist das Geschäft eher still geworden, daher ein gewisses Einsinken ohne Belang der Italiener, Portugiesen, Brasilier, während ottomanische Fonds im Gegentheil nach so langandauernder Vernachlässigung sich erheb= licher Käufe mit Kursaufbesserung erfreut haben. Die Ex= erieures hatten sich, wie bemerkt, tüchtig erholt, bleiben aber immerhin etwas schwachbeinig. Man ist ganz in Ungewißheit bezüglich der Absichten der Regierung rücksichtlich des Convenios. In Paris scheint man überhaupt das Convenio sozusagen aus den Augen verloren zu haben und schimpft weidlich über die "Asso= ciation francaise des porteurs de fonds etrangers", was auch eine Art des Trostes ist. Die russischen Fonds sind stationär, was auch der Ungewißheit des Zeitpunktes einer neuen Anleihe seine Erklärung findet. Unsre Kreditbanken wiesen die letzten Tage durchweg Kursminderungen auf, die nur in der Augenblicks= laune begründet sind. Fast alle haben ein gutes Geschäftsjahr hinter sich, eben ein Ausstellungsjahr, und nur diejenigen unter ihnen, die zu sehr in den Traditionsunternehmungen engagirt sind, scheinen eine unzureichende Remuneration ihrer Kapitalien heraus= zuschlagen. In Ungunst steht augenblicklich die Schlafwagengesell= schaft, was für ein Ausstellungsjahr ein böses Omen ist. Umsonst versucht die Verwaltung seit Monaten gagegen zu reagiren, es scheint halt doch, daß sie in den großen Palace=Hotels Geld unpro= duktiv festgelegt und deßhalb im Rechnungsjahre um nahezu fünf Millionen verloren hat. Die Dividende mag deßhalb immerhin ansehnlich ausfallen, die Thatsache an und für sich allein bietet der Kritik die Flanke und leitet den Verkäufern Wasser auf die Mühle. Im Minengeschäft ist die schlechte Haltung der Kohlenwerke zu vermelden, die darauf hindeutet, daß Niemand an das Anhalten der hohen Kohlenpreise glaubt. Dagegen ist Rio Tinto Objekt zahlreicher Umsätze gewesen. Die Goldminen sind unter Londons Einfluß vernachlässigt. V. London, 29. Nov. (Vom englischen Geld= und Werthpapiermarkt. Während der letzten acht Tage fand eine wesentliche Versteifung des hiesigen Geldmarktes statt, die ab= gesehen von dem Vorgehen der Bank von England, sich durch Dar= lehensaufnahmen die Kontrole des Marktes zu sichern, von einer Reihe anderer Einflüsse veranlaßt wurde. Im Zusammenhang mit der diesmaligen Liquidation an der hiesigen Werthpapierbörse machte sich eine ganz ungewöhnlich große Nachfrage bemerklich, sodann offerirte das Schatzamt 3,000,000 Pfd. St. neuer Bonds, und schlißlich begann der im Dezember übliche Geldabfluß nach der Provinz. die großen Joint Stock=Banken stellten ihre Wechsel= käufe mehrfach vollständig ein, und so mehrte sich das Angebot bei der Zentrale, die indeß nur Zweimonatspapiere übernehmen mochte. Der Privatdisconto stieg daher über das offizielle Mini= mum. Die ausländische Goldnachfrage mnahm keinen größeren Um= fang an, aber die Bank verlor während der Woche per Saldo immerhin 318,000 Pfd. St. ihres Vorrathes. Falls jedoch Geld auf den Märkten in Berlin oder New=York jetzt knapp und unsre Gold= reserve dadurch bedroht würde, wäre eine unmittelbare Erhöhung des offiziellen Discontos unausbleiblich. Die gegen Ende der Ver= kehrs bewilligten Raten stellten sich wie folgt: Tägliches Geld 3 1/2 [missing text] [missing text] 5 proz. und die 4 1/2 proz. Anleihen die meiste Beachtung. Während südafrikanische Minen unter dem Einflusse der noch immer recht ungünstigen Nachrichten aus dem Transvaal ganz vernachlässigt bleiben, hat sich das Interesse für Westaustralier neuerdings be= deutend belebt. Namentlich für Lake Views machte sich reger Be= gehr bemerklich, nachdem die jüngsten Versuche der Baisseclique, die Preise durch Verläufe zu beeinflussen, mit einem entschiedenem Fiasko endeten. Es fanden sich eben zu den derzeitigen Preisen, ebenso wie für alle anderen leitenden australischen Minen bereit= willige Nehmer. Sobald die Großspekulanten der Versuche müde sein werden, das Herabdrücken der Notirungen bis auf einen Standpunkt yu bewirken, der es ihnen ermöglichen würde, sich alle die leitenden Minen für eine gewaltige Kombination zu sichern, dürfte sich die ganze Lage der Westaustralier mit einem Schlage ändern. New=York, 29. Nov. Der animirte oder vielmehr er= regte Ton, der unsre Werthpapierbörse seit der Beendigung der Wahlen auszeichnete, hiel auch während der letyten Woche noch in unverändertem Maße vor, wiewohl kleine Reaktionen an mehreren Tagen die Marktpropheten bereits veranlaßten, lärmend das Ende des sogenannten "Boom" zu verkünden. Eine Unter= brechung der steigenden Bewegung wäre allerdings auch jetzt nichts Ueberraschendes, doch nur eine solche steht zu erwarten, weil ein= mal das Tempo, in dem die Preise sich nach oben bewegten, ein gar zu schnelles war und wir außerdem jetzt am Anfang derjenigen Periode stehen, in der es auf den Eisenbahnen still zu werden be= ginnt. Der Winter unterbricht vielfach den Bahnverkehr, ver= hindert infolge der Unwegsamkeit der Landstraße die Farmer an der Abfuhr ihrer Erzeugnisse und außerdem leidet der Güter= transport Abbruch durch das Stocken des Binnenschaffahrtsver= kehrs, vornehmlich auf den großen Seen. Bis zum Augenblick macht sich aber, wie gesagt, kein einziges wirkliches Anzeichen der unausbleiblichen längeren Reaktion bemerklich. Wenn dieselbe kommt, wird sie voraussichtlich nicht länger wie etwas bis Mitte Januar anhalten, denn einmal wird es jetzt schon wieder in Handel und Industrie ungemein lebhaft, neue Unternehmungen werden allenthalben gegründet, und die Menge des lohnende Anlage suchenden Kapitals wird in dem Maß größer, in dem unser Ausfuhrgeschäft steigt. Ohne Zweifel haben die vorsichtigen Spekulanten jetzt bereits damit begonnen, ihre während der letzten Woche gesicherten ungeheuren Gewinne zu realisiren, aber die= jenigen, die Eisenbahnwerthe behufs Kapitalanlage kauften, dürften sich durch die kommende Reaktion schwerlich beunruhigen lassen, und ihre Stücke wieder abstoßen. Die fernere Prosperität unsrer Eisenbahnen erscheint unbedingt gesichert, und wie bedeutend auch die Notirungen durchweg gestiegen sind, so ist ihr erhöhter Stand= punkt doch im allgemeinen durch die Dividenden gerechtfertigt, die die Bahnen jetzt verdienen. Ja, man darf wohl sagen, daß sie im Vergleich zu ähnlichen Kapitalanlagen in Anbetracht der Inter= essen, die sie abwerfen, zum großen Theil noch als billig zu be= zeichnen sind. Atchison=Stammaktien, auf die an dieser Stelle wiederholt aufmerksam gemacht wurde, errichten soeben den höchsten seit der diesmaligen Hausse berührten Standpunkt. Dazu trug nicht wenig der Umstand bei, daß der Oktober=Ausweis der Ge= sellschaft glänzend ausfiel, indem derselbe eine Vermehrung der Roheinnahmen un 560,504 Doll. und der Reineinnahmen um 282,605 Doll. zeigte. Auch Southern Pacific Stamm= wie Vor= zugsaktien waren lebhaft gefragt, was mit erneuten Gerüchten zu= sammenhing, denen gemäß die Pennsylvania=Eisenbahn bermüht sein soll, sich durch Erwerbung der Aktien die Kontrole der Bahn zu sichern. Wie es heißt, wird nun auch der Voting Trust der Southern, wie unlängst der der Nothern Pacific aufgelöst wer= den, weil die Bahn wiederum zur permanenten Dividendenzahlerin geworden ist. Abschlüsse von Brauereigesellschaften im Jahre 1899/1900. Der Aufsichtsrath der Berliner Weiß= bierbrauerei Ed. Gebhardt Aktiengesellschaft be= schloß, der Generalversammlung die Vertheilung einer Dividende von 8 Proz. (wie im Vorjahr) in Vorschlag zu bringen bei Abschreibungen von ca. 65,600 M. (im Vor= jahr 58,200 M.). -- Der Ueberschuß der Vereinigten Werder´schen Brauereien für das abgelaufene Ge= schäftsjahr beträgt rund 68,000 M. (gegen rund 45,000 M. im Vorjahre). Der für den 21. Dezember einberufenen Generalversammlung wird vorgeschlagen werden, davon ca. 12,000 M. zu Abschreibungen auf Außenstände, den Rest zu den sonstigen Abschreibungen zu verwenden. --- Die Brauerei Germania Akt.=Ges. in Berlin erzielte aus Bier und Nebenprodukten einen Gewinn von 709,283 M. (i. V. 622,209 M.), die Abschreibungen 70,417 M. (i.V. 67,857 M.), der Reingewinn 91,617 M. (i.V. 63,679 M.=. Davon erhalten die Aktionäre 5 Proz. Dividende mit 70,000 M. (i.V. 4 Proz. = 56,000 M.). Zu Tantiemen werden 10,637 M. verwendet, dem Reservefonds 4500 M. (i.V. 3107 M.) überwiesen und restliche 6479 M. auf neue Rechnung vorgetragen. Die Hofbierbrauerei Hanau vormals Gg. Koch erzielte laut "Frkft. Ztg." im Betriebs= jahr 1899/1900 einen Bruttogewinn von 117,584 M. (i.V. 142,825 M.). Nach Abschreibung von 56,211 M. (55,376 Mark) auf Mobilien und Immobilien verbleibt ein Rein= gewinn von 61,373 M. (87,449 M.). Die General= versammlung beschloß, nach Dotirung des gesetzlichen Re= servefonds mit 2269 M. (i.V. 3572 M.), wie im Vorjahr 4 Proz. Dividende mit 32,000 M., zu vertheilen, für Tantiemen und Gratifikationen 3094 M. (6003 M.) zu ver= [missing text] Deutscher Reichstag. 14. Sitzung. Berlin, 6. Dez. Tel. Das Haus fährt in der Besprechung der vom Centrum gestellten Anfrage wegen der Kohlentheuerung fort. Der preußische Handelsminister Brefeld bemerkt im Rückblick auf die frühere Debatte: Der für die Genossenschaften zu reservirende Kohlenfonds aus preußischen Staatsgruben soll nicht nur den landwirthschaftlichen, sondern auch den gewerbliche Genossenschaften zugute kommen. Die gewünschten Verkaufsbureaus bestehen bereits zwar nicht auf jeder einzelnen Grube, aber doch für das gesammte Saar= und oberschlesische Revier. Es ist dafür gesorgt, daß die Bergverwaltung vom Kohlensyndikat nicht beherrscht und majorisirt wird. Der Hr. Abg. Heim theilte neulich mit, daß ein preußisches Armeekorps seinen Kohlenbedarf aus England habe decken müssen. Ich weiß nichts davon, aber verwerflich wäre das nicht, denn die englische Kohle ist billiger und hat außerdem sehr schätzbare Eigenschaften. Bisher hat sich in Preußen kein Anlaß gezeigt, die Bergwerksbesitzer zu besserer Ausnützung ihrer Grubenfelder auf Grund des § 65 des Berggesetzes anzuhalten. Wenn das in Bayern der Fall gewesen ist, so wird jedenfalls dazu ein Anlaß vorgelegen haben; dann ist das aber eine Sache, die lediglich Bayern, nicht aber Preußen angeht. Preußischer Eisenbahnminister v. Thielen: Der Hr. Abg. Heim hat neulich behauptet, daß die deutsche Kohle den Fabrikanten in der Schweiz weniger koste, als den deutschen infolge billigeren Transportes und der Bewilligung billigerer Preise, aber schon am 25. März dieses Jahres wies der Präsident des Reichseisenbahnamtes diesen Irrthum zurück. Die Tarife einer Grube des Saargebietes nach Zürich betrugen 105 M., während die Tarife nach dem Inland auf eine gleiche Entfernung von 358 Kilometer nur 85 M. pro Tonne betrugen; die Tarife vom Ruhr=Gebiet betrugen nach Zürich 146 M. bei einer Entfernung von 664 Kilometer, im Inlande 128 M. Auch die Grubenpreise nach der Schweiz sind nicht billiger als nach dem Inlande, in meisten Fällen sogar höher. Ich hoffe, daß die vom Abg. Heim als erregt bezeichnete Stimmung in seinen Nachbarorten sich beruhigen wird. Abg. Graf Kanitz hat vorgeschlagen, daß jedem Waggon, der für Kohlenhändler bestimmt ist, ein Zettel beigegeben werde, auf dem verzeichnet ist, woher die Kohle kommt und zu welchem Preise dieser Waggon Kohle vom Händler oder vom Syndikat gekauft worden ist; das sollte das beste Mittel gegen eine ungerechtfertigte Preissteigerung sein. Zunächst halte ich mich nicht für befugt, die Gewährung von Ausnahmetarifen — denn um einen solchen Tarif handelt es sich auch hier — an Bedingungen zu knüpfen, die mit dem Frachtvertrage an und für sich in gar keiner Beziehung stehen. Außerdem würde eine solche Bedingung den ersehnten Zweck nicht erfüllen. Die so sehr beklagte Preistreiberei der Händler ist nicht so sehr in die Erscheinung getreten beim Verkaufe von ganzen Waggons direkt von der Grube, als bei Verkäufen in dritter und vierter Hand, beim Kleinverkauf. Außerdem gelangt ein großer Theil der Kohlen nicht direkt vom Produzenten an die Konsumenten, sondern wird im Osten und Westen auf dem Wasserwege den Konsumenten zugeführt. Wer soll ferner die Sache kontoliren? Die Eisenbahn? Oder wer? Die Preise können sich auch in acht bis vierzehn Tagen ändern: soll etwa der Händler in jedem Falle von den Konsumenten den gleichen Preis fordern? Diese [????????????] Quelle unausgesetzter Prozesse und Schwierigkeiten werden. Am besten wird es sein, wenn das Angebot die Nachfrage übersteigt, dann wird sich alles von selbst regeln. Abg. Sachse (Soz.): Ich begrüße mit Genugthuung, daß die bayerische Regierung auf Grund des bayrischen Berggesetzes die Kohlenmagnaten veranlaßt hat, ihre Grubenfelder mehr abzubauen. In Preußen ist das nicht geschehen; der preußische Handelsminister hat sein Einschreiten nicht für nöthig erachtet. Die Bergarbeiterstrikes im Frühjahr sollten die Kohlentheuerung verschuldet haben. Im Zwickauer Steinkohlenrevier war der Strike nur von kurzer Dauer und Hunderte haben wegen der Theilnahme am Strike die Abkehr erhalten; nicht also der Strike ist schuld, sondern eventuell der Mangel an Förderung, d.h. die Bergverwaltung, die die Leute aus Rache ablegte. Die massenhafte Ausfuhr deutscher Kohlen ins Ausland ist die hervorragendste Ursache der Kohlennoth und Kohlentheuerung; aus Sachsen sind ganz ungeheuere Quantitäten über die deutsche Grenze gegangen. Die Steigerung der Löhne hält mit der der Kohlenpreise nicht Schritt. Das Kohlensyndikat hat, ebenfalls zur Steigerung der Preise, die Förderung systematisch eingeschränkt und zwar seit seinem Be= stehen bis Mai dieses Jahres. Auch die Großhändler haben die Kohlenpreise gesteigert. Die Kohlenausfuhr ist auch durch die billigen Eisenbahntarife begünstigt worden. Redner sucht dies ziffermäßig nachzuweisen, wobei er hervorhebt, daß durch die Preissteigerung besonders die Hausbrandkohle betroffen worden sei. Es werde überhaupt für die Bergarbeiter zu wenig gesorgt; daher weigerten sich auch die deutschen Bergarbeiter, in den Gruben unsrer Kolonien Dienste zu nehmen. Das Parlament müsse auf die Regierung einwirken, daß die fiskalischen Gruben die Kohle zu angemessenen Preisen liefern und den Kohlenwucher nicht mitmachen, aber das könne man von diesem Reichstage nicht erwarten, und auch Organe der interpellirenden Partei hätten nach dieser Richtung sehr deutlich abgewinkt. Man habe auch im Centrum nichts dagegen, wenn die katholischen Kapitalisten mit den anderen gegen die Bergarbeiter zusammengehen. In welchem Tone andrerseits die Amtsvorsteher die Berarbeiter behandeln, wie sie deren Versammlungsfreiheit mit Füßen treten, dafür könne er viel Belege beibringen. Sächsischer Ministerialdirektor Fischer erwidert, daß die sächsische Regierung wegen der Kohlenausfuhr und wegen der Ablegung zahlreicher Bergarbeiter im Zwickauer Revier nichts habe thun können. Durch die Kohlenausfuhr sei die Kohlennoth keineswegs vermehrt worden. Abg. Gamp (Reichsp.): Die jetzige Konjunktur muß allerdings den Kohlenproduzenten Vortheil bringen, aber sie haben früher mit geringem oder gar keinem Verdienst produzirt; es ist ein Verdienst des Syndikats, das Gleichgewicht wiederhergestellt zu haben; man kann ihnen nicht verdenken, daß sie sich auskömmliche Preise sichern, ebensowenig wie den Spiritusproduzenten und der Landwirthschaft. Die Syndikate haben die Preise stabilisirt, die Preissteigerung selbst wäre auch ohne Syndikate eingetreten; die Preissteigerung ist vielmehr auf die internationale Gestaltung des Kohlenmarktes zurückzuführen. Aber zu bedauern ist, daß das Syndikat schon früher die Preise für die Exportindustrie ermäßigt hat. Auch die Bedürfnisse der Konsumenten müssen sachgemäß befriedigt werden. Der Absatz der Kohlen im kleinen ist nicht immer sachgemäß gewesen. Der Verkauf sollte so organisirt werden, daß die Händler die Kohlen in Kommission bekommen. Der Staat sollte sich genug Grubenbesitz in Rheinland und Westfalen sichern, um einen maßgebenden Einfluß auf die Gruben zu haben. Die Zurüstungsarbeiten der Gruben können nicht den gewünschten Fortgang genommen haben, denn sonst müßte die Produktion ganz andere Zahlen aufzuweisen haben; allerdings hängt das mit dem Arbeitermangel zusammen. Die Regierung sollte mehr Galizier zulassen. Die Regierung ist rechtzeitig auf den Arbeitermangel in den schlesischen Gruben aufmerksam gemacht worden, sie trägt also an den hohen Kohlenpreisen die Mitschuld. Redner hält ein Ausfuhrverbot zwar für rechtlich möglich, aber mit Rücksicht auf unsre Handelsbeziehungen nicht für praktisch und empfiehlt der Regierung, für eine möglichst große Kohlenförderung zu sorgen. Minister Brefeld: Daß die Regierung keine Einwirkung auf das Kohlensyndikat besitzt, bedaure auch ich, aber zunächst ist nicht abzusehen, wie dieser Einfluß geübt werden soll. In Oberschlesien ist seitens der Bergverwaltung Vorsorge getroffen, daß eine Kohlenreserve für die Genossenschaften bereitgehalten wird. Kohlen den Händlern auf Kommission zu geben, ist nach den Berichten der Grubenverwaltungen nicht zu empfehlen. Der Vorredner empfiehlt der Bergverwaltung, in Rheinland=Westfalen Gruben zu erwerben. Wenn ich diese Absicht hätte, würde ich vorher darüber nichts sagen. Abg. v. Czarlinski (Pole) wünscht, daß die fiskalischen Gruben angehalten werden, mehr Kohlen als bisher direkt an die Konsumenten abzugeben. Abg. Pachnicke (Frs. Bgg.) hält ein Ausfuhrverbot für unvereinbar mit den bestehenden Handelsverträgen; wäre es damit vereinbar, so wäre von den anderen Staaten ein Zollkrieg zu erwarten. Der Höhepunkt der Kohlenpreise, die sich nicht nach Angebot und Nachfrage regeln, sei bereits überschritten. Wolle man den Syndikaten zuleibe, so dürfe man die Spiritus= und Zuckerringe nicht vergessen. Den legalen Zwischenhandel dürfe man nicht antasten, doch könnten sich Einzelne und Gemeinden zu Genossenschaften zum Kohlenbezug direkt von der Grube vereinigen. Um 5¾ Uhr wird die Berathung auf Freitag 1 Uhr vertagt.[missing txt] als ein Jahrhundert zurück: außer Zweifel aber steht es, daß unsern modernen Staatsmännern und Politikern die Geneigtheit, zu dem bezeichneten Zweck zur Feder zu greifen und - sei es noch bei ihren Lebzeiten, sei es in der Form posthumer Publikationen - an die breite Oeffentlichkeit zu appelliren, in höherem Grade eigen ist als ihren Vorgängern. Unser großer erster Kanzler wird auf der Bahn, die er in seinen letzten Lebensjahren mit der Ausarbeitung seiner "Gedanken und Erinnerungen" beschritten hat, sicherlich noch viele Nachfolger finden, wenngleich nur Wenige in auch nur annähernd gleicher Weise das Interesse der Nachwelt zu fesseln vermögen. Als eine Art Mittelglied zwischen den amtlichen Akten und Dokumenten und den Autobioraphien und Memoiren= werken erwisen sich die Sammlungen mündlicher und schriftlicher Kundgebungen hervorragender Männer, die an den politischen Ereignissen in maßgebender Stellung aktiv betheiligt und daher selbst imstande gewesen sind, "Geschichte zu machen". Derartige Sammlungen, aus denen uns die betreffende Persönlichkeit oft lebendiger und in ihrer Eigenart greifbarer gegenüber tritt, als aus mancher Biographie, mag sie von ihr selbst oder von Anderen geschrieben sein, bieten ja selten etwas wirklich Neues oder anderwärts kaum Auffindbares, aber sie er= leichtern Jedem, der sich über die mehr oder minder weit zurückliegende Vergangenheit und die in ihr handelnd und entscheidend mitwirkenden Männer informiren will, die Arbeit in dankenswerther Weise, da sie das weithin zer= streute Material in bequemer und zumeist auch kritisch gesichteter Form zusammenstellen. Was Horst=Kohl auf diesem Ebiete durch Sammlung, Sichtung und kurze Kom= mentierung der Bismarck'schen Reden geleistet hat, wird von der Geschichtschreibung, ja von allen denen, die für die große Periode unsrer nationalen Erhebung und Wieder= vereinigung Interesse haben, auf das anerkennendste ge= würdigt werden. Und auf Dank und Anerkennung hat ein jeder vollgültigen Anspruch, der unter ähnlicher Mühe= [missing text] 2nd column ...... Sinn, und zwar mit vollem Recht, denn nur was, annähernd wenigstens, Geschichte geworden, läßt sich nutzbrinend verwerthen - in sieben Abschnitte getheilt und jedem derselben eine kurze orientirende Darstellung vorangestellt, außerdem hat er, wo es irgend erforderlich war, auch die einzelnen Kundgebungen und Ansprachen mit ebenso knapp wie objektiv gehaltenen Kommentaren versehen, die nur dazu dienen, dem Leser das Verständniß zu erleichtern, aber offenbar nicht den Zweck haben, ihn zu kaptivieren oder zugunsten irgend einer bestimmten Auffassung zu beeinflussen. Dr. Krone durfte in der That die Reden für sich selbst, bzw. für den hohen Redner sprechen lassen. Namentlich die Thronreden, in denen der Landesherr zu den berufenen Vertretern seines Volkes, der deutsche Fürst zu den deutschen Männern spricht, werden jeden liberal und national Empfindenden auf das wohl= thuendste berühren. "Wer die Thronreden des Großherzogs aufmerksam liest", bemerkt der Herausgeber durchaus zutreffend, "der wird in den allermeisten derselben, so= viel sie auch über die innere Politik und die Verhältnisse und Bedürfnisse des Großherzogthums zu sagen wissen, immer einen Ton der Sehnsucht und des Strebens nach einem großen, machtvollen, einigen deutschen Vaterlande erklingen hören. Und das ist ein Ton, der zu dem vollen Accord der Grundstimmung des Fürsten nothwendig ge= hörte, weil sein weiter Blick von Anfang an nicht nur auf dem eigenen Lande und der Gegenwart ruhte, sondern auch auf die Gesammtheit und die Zukunft gerichtet war." Diese Zukunft sicher zu stellen, war er zu eigenen Opfern jederzeit bereit und er hat diese Opfer schließlich mit einer Freudigkeit und Vorbehaltlosigkeit gebracht, für die man in nationalgesinnten Kreisen ihm heute noch aufrichtig Dank wissen muß und die von der Geschichte in aeternam memoriam verzeichnet werden wird. Aber bei allem Idealismus, bei aller Begeisterung für den Reichsgedanken fehlte es ihm doch niemals an der nüchterenen, ruhigen Erwägung der realen Verhältnisse. Klar und bestimmt sprach er in seiner Schlußerklärung auf dem von Oester= reich einberufenen Fürstenkongreß zu Frankfurt am Main, der über Deutschlands innere Neugestaltung berathen sollte, am 1. September 1863, es aus, daß er um das Zustandekommen einer solchen neuen, den gerechten Ansprüchen des badischen Landes und des deutschen Volkes entsprechenden Bundesreform auch wirklich zum Abschluß gebracht werde". Eine bessere Vereinigung von Ideal= und Realpolitik ist sicherlich nicht denkbar. Doch lassen auch wir die Reden für sich selbst sprechen dadurch, daß wir an der Hand der uns vorliegenden Aushängebogen der Krone'schen Publikation aus den An= sprachen des Großherzogs einzelne Stellen hier hervor= heben und zur Kenntniß unsrer Leser bringen, und zwar ohne kommentirende Zusätze. Daß in den Kundgebungen 3rd column ..... Hand in Hand gehen wird mit fortschreitender Be= friedigung seiner wahren Bedürfnisse im Innern." Fest und zielbewußt, unerschütterlich in dem Ent= schlusse, der nationalen Einigung nachzustreben, auch wenn sie sich in anderen Bahnen vollzog als in denen, die ihm zunächst als die richtigen vorgeschwebt hatten, bemühte er sich unmittelbar nach dem unglücklichen Kriege von 1866, in dem, seinem Wunsch und seinem Empfinden zuwider, die badischen Truppen gegen Preußen mit im Felde ge= standen hatten, den Anschluß Badens an den damals ge= schaffenen Norddeutschen Bund vorzubereiten. So heißt es in der Thronrede zur Eröffnung der Ständeversammlung am 5. September 1867: ".....Ist auch die Form der nationalen Einigung Süd= deutschlands mit dem Norddeutschen Bund noch nicht ge= funden, so sind doch schon bedeutungsvolle Schritte zu diesem Ziele gethan. Schon im August vorigen Jahres wurde gleich= zeitig mit dem von Ihnen bereits genehmigten Friedens= vertrag ein Ihnen vorliegendes Schutz= und Trutzbündniß mit Preußen abgeschlossen, welches beide Staaten zur gemein= schaftlichen Abwehr eines Angriffs gegen deutsches Gebiet verpflichtet und für solchen Fall Meine Truppen unter die bewährte Führung des Königs von Preußen stellt. Dank dieser Uebereinkunft, die mit leichem Inhalt auch zwischen den anderen süddeutschen Staaten und Preußen besteht, ist die erste und dringendste nationale Forderun erfüllt: Ab= wehr jedes Angriffs von außen mit den geeinigten Kräften Aller unter einheitlicher Führung. Meine Regierung be= trachtet es als ernste Pflicht, durch Einführung einer der norddeutschen analogen Wehrverfassung und Heereseinrichtung dem Bündniß mit Preußen seine volle Kraft und Bedeutung zu geben. Diese tief eingreifende Neuerung erlangt dadurch eine gesteigerte Wichtigkeit, daß es Mir gelungen ist, in der Stuttgarter Konferenz Mich mit den Souveränen der anderen süddeutschen Staaten über eine gleichmäßige Behandlung der Militärfrage zu verständigen. .... Mit Befriedigung kann Ich noch auf einem anderen Gebiet auf einen erfreulichen Erfolg hinweisen. Durch den Berliner Vertrag vom 8. Juli d.J. ist der Zollverein aufs neue befestigt, und mehr als dies, er hat eine wesentlich verbesserte Organisation erhalten, welche es ermöglicht, ohne gewaltsame Krisen den rasch wechselnden Bedürfnissen des Verkehrslebens gerecht zu werden und welche die Keime weiterer Entwicklung in sich trägt. Ich begrüße in dem Zollparlament, wenn auch seine Wirksamkeit eine be= schränkte ist, doch freudig eine reguläre Vertretung des ge= sammten deutschen Volkes." Auch in der Schlußansprache, mit der Großherzog Friedrich am 15. Februar 1868 die Ständeversamm= lung wieder entließ, werden warme nationale Accorde angeschlagen: "... Größere und mächtigere Aufgaben," bemerkte der hohe Redner, "waren auf dem ebiete der nationalen Politik zu lösen. Mit hoher Befriedigung spreche Ich aus: Ich habe Mich nicht getäuscht in der Erwartung, daß Mein getreues Volk Mir folgen wird auf dem Wee zu festerer, nationaler Einigung. Sie, die Vertreter des Landes, haben durch die That die Uebereinstimmung desselben mit den höchsten ZielenExecutive Committee O. F. ALLMENDINGER, PRES., ANN ARBOR K. J. HAMILTON, V. PRES., WHITE PIGEON J. J. [HA??HUE], SEC. AND TREAS., LANSING C. B. CHATFIELD, . . . . DAY CITY F. THOMAN, . . . . LANNING C. J. DE ROO, . . . . HOLLAND Michigan State Millers Association Lansing, Mich. Dec. 18, 1900 Hon. Julius C. Burrows, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir:- Pir Association has a very deep interest in the success of Senate Bill No. 1439, mandatory of the Inter-State Commerce Law. You will be interested in learning that there is represented in this body a constant investment and use of considerably more than 20 millions of dollars and an annual output nearly as much, and this class of shippers is composed entirely of average manufacturers, all of whom are affected adversely in a dire degree by the discriminations which are allowed so favor a few concerns as against the mass of users of the railroads. You have no doubt received advice of similar conditions in other states with petition for relief, so that we are not alone in our urgent request. We do not ask for special favors, only for fairness and equality of opportunity upon the great public highways. We have never petitioned for low rates, and have always paid and expect always to pay rates that will in ordinary circumstances be profitable to the carrying lines. Much has been said in these later days about so called "trusts" and the terrible devastation that is likely to be wrought by their operations. There is no doubt that if the trusts were shorn of their special privileges including the secret out rates and rebates on the transportation lines, the trust question would be on the highway of speedy solution. The key to the regulation of trusts lies in the abatement of this injusties. It may be true that as this moment the matter of rebate and discrimination is not as serious as one year ago. Now, even if there were perfect equality and fairness to all, this fact would send strongly to prove that such a condition, secured constantly by the operation of the new act, wouldMichigan State Millers Association Lansing, Mich. __________ 1900 T.R. #2. This petition comes from the strongest Republican State in the Union, a Sate that would hail with delight and enthusiasm the assurance of your enforced residence in Washington for 12 years from this date. Most respectfully, G.F. Allmendinger Pres. J.J. Hanshue Sec'y. [For attachment see 12-18-00.EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 31 1900 Filed by Ft. Brown Texas Dec. 18th 1900. Gov. Theodore Roosevelt. Oyster Bay L.I. Dear Governor Roosevelt. It is quite evident that the Sec. of War has placed the end of his lever under the right place when he prohibited the staff from trying to defeat the ends of the administration. I saw this morning in a Galveston paper of the 15th inst., what is stated came from the staff at Washington that they would ignore his order. That is where the danger of an army to public interests lies; no where else. Now is his time to smash 5794them. If nothing else he should order everyone now in Washington out of the country as Stanton did at times during the civil war. They care little for the army proper. The staff are the only ones almost who got any promotion for the Spanish war and lobbied the bills through Congress in person. The army will remain at a standstill, until some action of force is taken to break the power of the staff and now is the time. They have given the Sec. a fine opportunity by showing "their teeth" and now is his chance to smash them and do the army a great good as well as the whole country. If the attitude is correctly [*5795*]correctly reported in the paper I saw, it is mutinous. It is very difficult for the Sec. to get facts. Of course they won't tell him anything which they think will hurt their interests, but we of the line know. They are at his elbow all the time, and the line is thousands of miles away, and cannot address him for their letters have to pass through the hands of staff officers, and therefore suppressed, as I have had done time after time. My gallant friend, this is not a growl, but facts. You saw how near we came to disaster in Cuba. The staff But for the gallantry of the line alone we would be there now. Your devoted friend C. G. Ayres (over) [*5796*]The honor of the army is at stake. I wish you could hear the muttering. C. G. A. These men are as they say, the èlite of the army, the brains. The first order issued by the Sec., legal order at that, which interferes with them they won't obey. Fine advisers he has about him. They defeated his measures before, and will again if he does not smash their power. They are a dangerous class. A. Please do not think me intrusive. My heart is in it.[SHORTHAND] [*5797*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, [illegible] Filed by...*] 172 WEST FIFTY-EIGHTH STREET Dec 16 [*[00]*] Dear colonel, You are always slipping in and out of the city without my seeing you. I want very much to have a lot- a select lot- of the Cuban band to meet you at dinner, Whitney, Kane Remington &c. Can you give me a night next month or this month, or would youI would not ask you just now. I know how busy you are. But I hope you will give us a chance to see you soon, and Mrs Davis a chance to meet your wife. Sincerely yours Robert Harding Davis2. in New York and lived there a short time. Her guardian found her and compelled her to come with his family to Indiana. Her husband remained in New York. All communication between them ceased. He could not find her and she could not send a letter to him. Her people insisted that she had been the victim of a false marriage. Later, when it became evident that a child would be born, the guardian's family drove her out, and she took refuge with a neighboring family. She was a wonderfully beautiful woman, and a bachelor who owned a cabin and a piece of land, persuaded her to marry him. When I was five or six years old my own father found us, I can never forget the terrible grief he manifested. I [*5799*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED DEC 31 1900 Filed by...*] North Liberty. Ind. Dec. 18. 1900. Hon Theodore Roosevelt. Oyster Bay. N. Y. Dear Sir, Hoping you will pardon an entire stranger for addressing you, also that you will appreciate the precaution I have taken to prevent this letter from falling into other hands than your own, I shall explain why I write to you. It has recently come to my knowledge my father was a Mr. Roosevelt of New York city. Until lately I had believed myself the daughter of the man who brought me up. My mother, a fifteen year old girl, and my father a boy under age, were married [*5798*]4. The news of the divorce came and some more money. I believe they received money from him for several years. At last there came an extra large sum. My supposed father took it and went to California. He refused to remarry my mother until she destroyed the marriage certificate. You can see what that meant for me. I saw her put it in the fire. I think they were married again at Notre Dame. They are all dead now, guardian and all. Among them they managed to rob me of my birthright. What I want now, is to find my father if he is alive. Also- to obtain proof that he and my mother were lawfully married. and afterward divorced. When my supposed father died, I discovered that I was not his daughter. [*5801*] 3. can feel his arms around me yet, though it must be nearly fifty years, and his tears and kisses on my hair. He wanted to take me away with him but my mother would not give me up. He promised to go away and get a divorce, and advised them to be married over again as soon as the divorce was granted. He gave my mother a marriage certificate and charged her to "keep it safe for Mary's sake." He gave her money, several gold pieces, and bargained with them for my comfort and safety. He promised to provide for my education and to send me to school when I was old enough to leave home. For some time after that they taught me that my name was Mary Rosavelt. Then the guardian took charge again and my name became the old one. [*5800*]6. I cannot afford a trip to New York, and if I were there I would not know where to begin. If my father is gone there are perhaps no living witnesses. Any record of a marriage or a divorce so long ago might be hard to find. There may exist some tradition of such an incident, that might be a clue to the tangle of events. I have thought that you, Sir, being a resident of New York and hearing a name similar at least in pronunciation might be able if you were willing, to help me to unravel the tangle. Unless you do find something to confirm this story, you will be apt to think it is a fairy tale. It does seem something like a novel (a French one at that.) But knowing it to be true, it is my duty to refute, if I can, the impeachment of my mother's honor, and to remove the stigma that rests upon my-self. [*5803*] 5. I might have known it long before, if in my busy life, I had ever taken time to think of myself. Nearly the last words my mother spoke to me were: "Your name is Mary Rosavelt." The day you came to South Bend, was the first time I ever thought to associate the name with your name. It came to me that perhaps you might know my father, or know about him, and that you might be able to put me in communication with him; or to obtain the evidence I am seeking. If he is living, I shall leave the rest to him. You will ask if I can prove what I tell you. If I were sure that I could prove it, I would not be troubling you. The facts exist, and in eternal justice the proof ought to be found. [*5802*]8. away and left us to our fate. I hope I may obtain what I desire without working any injury or annoyance to any one. With this in mind, let me suggest that if you reply to this, it might be well to leave your letter unsigned. Some one here might get hold of it and want it for an autograph. Also, to substitute some other name wherever the name Roosevelt comes in. I know you are not afraid of anything, but neither are those people who furnish material for the papers, and there are two of them in this family. Please to pardon the suggestion if you cannot approve of it. This letter is more prolix than explicit but if you choose to aid me in my quest, I shall answer any questions you ask. Also give you references. As an entire stranger perhaps I ought to give them now. I refer you to: 5805 7. So much is my natural right. I have not spoke of this to any one here. If the truth could be known there is nothing to be ashamed of. You may look for my father among gentlemen I am sure. He was an honorable and self-respecting man. The marriage certificate, the divorce, and his desire to provide for me prove that. I know that he was made to believe that I was dead, also that the last money was to pay all the expenses incident to any death. My mother came of a good family. She was a mere child, a stranger in this country and she fell among thieves. The guardian made the trouble, first and last. What his motive was for concealing my real name, I can only infer., He conducted al the correspondence with my father in New York. I am sure he was responsible for its discontinuance. When he could do no more mischief he went 58049. Mr. Calvin Moon. Supt. of Schools South Bend. Ind. who kn[ows]ew me as a teacher for many years. Mr. Demas Bates, law partner with Hon. A. L. Brick South Bend. These gentlemen know my husband; and Mr. Frank Pearse, Attorney, North Liberty Ind. Any how if I were an imposter I should know enough to keep out of your way. Now will the Governor of New York please to pardon this tax upon his time and attention? I am, Very respectfully, Yours, (Mrs.) Mary Bettcher. North Liberty Indiana Box 112. [*5806*][[shorthand]][*Ackd File ppf P*] The Commercial Advertiser. ESTABLISHED 1797. 187 BROADWAY AND 5 & 7 DEY STREET, Editorial Department. NEW YORK, 18th Dec. [*[1900?]*] Dear Mr. President- If I were to be in Washington on Saturday and Sunday, Dec. 28 and 29, would it be convenient for you to "have a talk" with me then? It occurs to me that the adjournment of Congress for the holidays may relieve somewhat the pressure on your time. It would annoy as well as disappoint me to make the journey and then find you too busy to talk things out with me. Mr Payne appointment is immense in every way. I enclose what I have said about it today. Yours always J.B. Bishop To/President Roosevelt [*5807*][*F*] (8-17-96-100 M.) 2.T G 51. M. SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY Sunset Ogden & Shasta Routes [*Most of this Company's freight cars were built to carry twenty to in reply refer to no.......... thirty tons weight. Never load less than 12 tons. If shippers load to weight capacity, which is plainly marked on sides of car, it will do much to obviate delay in furnishing cars for loading and prevent detention in transit. Do not load to extend weight capacity.*] Lordsburg N.M. December 18th. 1900. Col. Theo. Roosevelt. Albany New York. Dear Colonel. Your kind letter about appointment of Fred. W. Bugbee to a lieutenancy in the regular army. Governor Murphy has written me from Washington, that he has written a strong letter to the Sec'y. of War, and also called on him on Fred's behalf. Our delegate to congress Mark Smith, has also written the Sec'y. of War. Mr. Cleveland Dodge of New York City, who knows Root personally has also written him for Fred. My father writes me that both senators and two representatives from Kansas will endorse him. Also the chairman and a member or two of the Repub. State Central committee will put in a good word for the boy. I hope when you are in Washington you will find time to call on the Sec'y. of War, and tell him you think he would make a good officer. It may interest you to know that I have one of the boys of the old regiment in charge of my night yard here, and also three others braking between here and Tucson on the road. Trooper Mills of A. troop who left the Sup't.cy. of Detroit Copper Co. to enlist, is back in his old position and has seven of the boys with him. You will see from this, that all of them do not reach Washington for Gov't. positions. With kind personal regards I am, Sincerely yours, Geo L Bugbee [*[Bugbee]*] [*5808*][*PF*] House of Representatives, U.S. Washington, D.C., Dec 18 1900 To Hon Theodore Roosevelt My dear Mr Roosevelt Had I acted less hastily I should not upon consideration have sent my telegram of the 6th. I am glad you pursued the course you did. It was proper. I have no personal interest in the Sag Harbor project, the people of that village for many years have worked for it, have at last received a favorable report from Board of Engineers of U.S. but by reasons of shortness of session and a disinclination to enter upon new enterprises that are not backed by strong political influence are likely to loose it Had I taken more time I would have seen the impropriety of your interference though it was suggested to me by a member of the committee that a word from you would be very powerful Very truly yours Townsend Scudder [*5809*][shorthand] Headquarters Fortieth Infantry. Cagayan de Misamis, P.I. December 18th 1900. Governor Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York, U.S.A. My Dear Colonel: I have made application through military channels for a commission of Judge Advocate, with rank of Major, in the Judge Advocate General's Department of the regular army. Three vacancies will occur in this Department in 1901, the first on May 21st, the second on June 9th and the third November 18th. But if the Army is impressed, as seems probable, there will likely be other and earlier vacancies in the Judge Advocate General's Corps. I would like to get the earliest available appointment as promotion will be slow. I beg the favor of your interest in support of my application. It is much to ask of you, but I hope you may feel disposed to call upon the President and Secretary of War in my behalf. I enclose a copy of the application, with copies of the endorsements placed thereon by my Battalion, & Regimental and - Department Commander's. Your past kindnesses of word and deed encourage me to hope that I may receive your help. Faithfully Yours, Henry P. Fletcher 1st Lieut. 40th Infantry. [*5810*] [*As I leave for a campaign in the interior this afternoon - will not wait for early of Department Commanders endorsement.*]appointments- & thus is where she wished your help. Mrs. Whitwell's husband served all thro' the Civil War & is a famous hunter & sportsman- her Grandfather was in the English Army. Dr. W's father was a civil engineer, built the first R.R.s in Georgia before the Seminole War- so that Cutler comes very naturally on both sides to his love of the open. Alice wanted you to see the boy - & he & his Father stand ready to come here, or go to N.Y. or anywhere 99 Washington Ave Dec 18th 1900 [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED DEC 20 1900 Filed by...*] My dear Theodore I am very sorry to say that Alice does not dare to leave Mother just now, & so loses her chance of seeing you before you go to Washington - or the Rockies! As usual she is trying to help some one - & thus trust she wishes your help too. She wishes [*5811*]very much to get a West Point Cadetship for Cutler Whitwell - a son of Dr. Wm Scollay Whitwell - originally of Boston - later San Francisco - & now in charge of a private Sanatarium at Fishkill - living in N.Y.--The elder son is a chum of my Matt at Harvard. This Cutler is a tall, handsome, spirited fellow - Alice says--she thinks the kind wanted for the U.S. Army - his cousin, young Tudor of Boston, was one of your Rough Riders--& came here desperately ill with fever-- Cutler has been all summer on a ranch with a cousin of Gen'l French's--at the cousin's request--He is very fond of riding & good at it-- & mathematics are his strong point in studies-- Alice says Dr. Whitwell's District in N.Y. is a strong Tammany one--so the boys only chance he's in one of the Presidential [*5812*]Whitwell [shorthand] [*[12-18-00]*] at any minute -- if you could spare the time -- & name day & hour -- Here at my house at lunch tomorrow or Thursday if that would suit you.? or later in N.Y. At any rate I expect you any & every day to lunch at two o'clock & you can run after as soon as you need to -- & if you could meet the W.'s here either day this week [*5813*]let some one telephone me to that effect-- I am very sorry to bother you at all--but Alice thinks her boy is of the sort you need & want in the army-- Yours very truly Mary Lee Hale To Honorable Theodore Roosevelt-- [*5814*]LAW OFFICES OF HOLLS, WAGNER & BURGHARD. 120 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. FREDERICK WM HOLLS. LOUIS A. WAGNER. EDWARD M. BURGHARD. [*Private.*] December 18th, 1900. Dear Governor Roosevelt: Not having heard from you in response to my last letter I assume that it will not be convenient for you to see me before next week, and I shall probably have to be absent most of the week, although if you make any date whatever I shall try to keep it. There is just one other matter that now comes up before you, and that I want to speak to you about, and that is, the vacancy occasioned by the death of Judge Beekman. In my opinion you can no nothing so entirely in the interests of the city and of a pure judiciary,- nothing moreover which will bring your excellent series of appointments as Governor to so brilliant a conclusion, as to name George C. Holt for this place. I would rather talk to you about him than write, and can only say here that I believe his appointment would be looked upon as ideal by the great body of the Bar, as well as by all laymen who know Mr. Holt. He is on a par with our late mutual friend, Mr. Beaman, as a lawyer. I think he has even more of a judicial mind and he is the beau ideal of courtesy and firmness combined. Add to 5815LAW OFFICES OF HOLLS, WAGNER & BURGHARD. 120 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. FREDERICK WM HOLLS. LOUIS A. WAGNER. EDWARD M. BURGHARD. 2. this that he is a Republican and a very great admirer of yours, and you have a combination which nobody can beat and very few can equal. With many kind regards and best wishes for yourself and family for the approaching holidays, as well as for your well- deserved vacation, in case I should not see you before you start, I remain, Dear Governor Roosevelt, Very faithfully yours, [*Frederick W. Holls*] [*The treaty looks a little the worse for wear, but it is decidedly better!*] 5816[[shorthand]]WILLIAM H. H. LLEWELLYN. ATTORNEY AT LAW DISTRICT ATTORNEY FOR DANA ANA AND OTERO COUNTIES, THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT NEW MEXICO TERMS OF COURT LAS CRUCES FOR DONA ANA COUNTY: FIRST MONDAYS IN APRIL AND OCTOBER ALAMOGORDO FOR OTERO COURT: FIRST MONDAYS IN MAY AND NOVEMBER LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO, DECEMBER, 18TH, 1900. [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC [illegible date] 1900 Filed by*] Colonel Theodore Roosevelt. Albany, N.Y. My Dear Colonel:-- Please note attached newspaper clipping, which will explain itself, I mearly send you this and say that it is not inspired by me, and I am not, nor will I be a candidate. I favor the re-appointment of Governor M. A. Otero, who has made the best governor we have ever had and is entitled to re-appointment when the time comes. You of course are personally aquainted with his and know his work in raising and equiping the New Mexico troops that formed such a large part of your regiment, you will also remember that he is a comrade, having been made an honroary member of our regiment at the Re-union in Las Vegas, N. M. Colonel I do not want to bother you [m] about New Mexico polotics, but when the time comes every soldier of your regiment from New Mexico will ask you as a personal favor to assisst in having Governor (Comrade) Otero re-appointed. As for myself I do not seek or want a government appointment. Faithfully yours. W. H. H. Llewellyn Dictated:-- [shorthand] [*5817*][*[For enc see 12-18-00]*][*F*] HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, WASHINGTON. Dec. 18th., 1900 Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber, Albany, N. Y. My Dear Governor:- I beg to acknowledge the receipt of yours of the 17th enclosing a letter to the President in behalf of Maj. Jenkins, which is everything that could be desired and much more than could be said for most men. There is apt to be a tremendous pressure on the President for these staff appointments, which seem to be about all that volunteer officers can get, and it would be of the utmost importance for you to [a] speak to the President on the subject at the time of the inauguration, if the appointments are not made before that time. If I find that they are likely to be made before then, I will try to remember to remind you to send him a personal note on the subject. Very truly yours, Wm Elliott [*[MSH]*] [*5818*]To Th. Roosevelt. Esq. [shorthand] Mr. Tall Salmon. offers his compliments for the success of his friend. of 1892- Tahiti over. [*5821*] is inspired not alone by my desire that the Court shall be strengthened by such appointment as you may make, but also by my warm affection for this man in whose behalf I address you Yours sincerely Francis M Scott Hon Theodore Roosevelt [shorthand] SUPREME COURT JUDGES CHAMBERS COURT HOUSE, CHAMBERS STREET NEW YORK Dec 18th 1900. My dear Governor I venture to address you once more respecting an appointment which you are called upon to make. The sad and sudden death of my old friend Judge Beekman leaves a vacancy in our Court. I do wish that you could see your way clear to appoint John Clarke to fill this vacancy- You know him so well that I need say nothing to you [*5819*]about his honesty, his rightmindedness and his capacity for work. As to his ability to fill this position with credit to himself and you and with advantage to public interests I can testify. I know what the position requires, and I know his capacity to fill it. I think I wrote you once before my appreciation of his legal qualifications. I assure you that if I did not believe him to be well fitted I should not mention the subject to you. Even if he should not be elected next fall, his years' experience would, I am sure, be of the greatest value to him professionally. He has already made a reputation as a speaker, and, unfortunately since most men are judged by their most conspicuous quality, many people are apt to think of him as a political speaker rather than as a lawyer. On the bench he would quickly show that he is an even better lawyer than he is a speaker. You will understand of course that this is a purely personal letter, and 5820 Lera le ma Lera le matai - Lera la mamari - Chief of the Lera's- Late. Papeete Tahiti. 18 Dec 1900 Papeete: -EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC20 1900 Filed by WILLIAM A.OTIS & CO. BANKERS AND BROKERS. COLORADO SPRINGS. COLORADO. WILLIAM A.OTIS. PHILIP B.STEWART. WILLIAM P.SARGEANT. FRANCIS GILPIN. Governor Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N. Y. My dear Governor Roosevelt: I am having made for you a dog skin single breasted leather coat, lined with Mackinaw blanket, for use in the mountains. I have ordered it made a liberal 42-inch chest measure, and also with extra large shoulders and arms, in order that it will accommodate under it whatever heavy stuff it may be desired to wear. I am glad to know that Maj. Wadsworth is coming with you, and should advise him to provide himself with a similar garment. Perhaps there will not be time for him to get such a garment through the house here, and very likely Spalding & Co. or some similar house in the east, which is nearer him, could get it for him. I have provided for all three of us a very warm Scotch wool glove with extension running well up onto the arm. These I have gotten large, with the idea of their taking another pair of gloves underneath. There are two or three excellent kinds of warm caps carried in stock here, from which you can make a selection, if you care to, when you are here. German socks and arctics Maj. Wadsworth can select when he gets here. Should you be favorably inclined toward a coyote hunt the day you are here, can you not arrange to have your riding clothes in your bag,handy for a quick change after breakfast. 5822Gov.T.R.-2 We shall be a little late in getting started any way. The coyotes are prowling in the early morning, and an early start is desirable in order to catch them out. My brother-in-law is not able to join us, and the party will consist of we three only. Mr. Otis is delighted to know that you can pay his ranch a visit, and things there will be ready for you. I hope the beautiful weather we are having may be continued, but we count on the storm starting by the middle of January, so that we must expect whatever turns up. Very truly yours, [*Philip B Stewart*] PBS P 5823[[shorthand]][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, [DEC?] 22 1900 Filed by...*] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER DEC 19 1900 ALBANY, N.Y.*] WHEELER & CORTIS. EVERETT P. WHEELER. HAROLD G. CORTIS. CHARLES S. HAIGHT. CLARENCE S. SMITH. HARRY M. HEWITT. TELEPHONE "1641 BROAD." CABLE ADDRESS "MOTOR." BATTERY PARK BUILDING, 21 STATE STREET, NEW YORK, DECEMBER 18 1900 My dear Gov. Roosevelt:- You and I have both heard with great regret of the death of our dear friend, Judge Beekman. It creates a vacancy for you to fill. In the present position of politics in New York City, I think there is a probability that we may elect our ticket next Fall. I want very much to have a talk with you about this, for I believe there is no man that can do as much as yourself to bring about an effective co-operation of all the Reform forces. It would certainly help us very much if you were to nominate to fill the vacancy a man of first rate ability, such a man, for example, as Judge Cohen. I know that he declined to accept the nomination at the time when you appointed Judge Blanchard; but he ought to accept it, and I am persuaded that if he were made to feel that his duty to the Bar and to the public required it, he would do so. You are not hampered in this matter by the necessity of confirmation by the Senate. You have the absolute right of appointment, and there is perhaps no public man in the country who to-day occupies so independent a position as yourself. Will you allow me, then, as an old friend, to urge upon you the importance of setting a high standard in this matter, around which men of all parties can rally with reasonable hope of success. We do need on the Bench in New York City Judges of first rate ability. It is hardly possible to express the disadvantages to which litigants, even more than members of the Bar, are subjected by reason of the mediocrity of so many of our Judges. Of course I say this in confidence, but I believe that any member of the Bar who tries many cases will say the same. Will you permit another suggestion. Would it not tend to strengthen the nomination and enlist the public confidence, if you were to take the opinion of the Committee of the Bar Association on Judicial Nominations in reference to any candidates that may be suggested. Years ago, when I was Chairman of that Committee, Governor Cornell consulted with me in respect to filling the vacancy which was finally filled by the appointment of William H. Armoux. That consultation had a very good effect. Robert W. DeForest, 30 Broad Street, is Chairman of that Committee, and I know that if you were to express a disposition to confer on the subject with the representatives of the Bar Association, it would give great satisfaction. 58242. I trust you will believe that in all I have written I am actuated solely by a desire to secure the nomination of the best possible candidate, and to secure his election in November next. While I am writing, permit me to congratulate you as well as well as the country, on the unprecedented majority which was given for yourself and President McKinley. You and he were the first Republican candidates for President and Vice President for whom I ever voted. I felt great satisfaction in so doing, and I trust sincerely that the new Administration may be as memorable in the history of the country as the present is likely to be. Yours very respectfully, [*Everett Wheeler*] 5825[[shorthand]][*This is our general letter to all Senators. J. J. H.*] [*[J. J. Hanshue]*] [*5826*] There are politicians in New Mexico who believe that Vice- President Roosevelt will ask the privilegeof selecting the next governor of New Mexico and boost his old comrade in arms Major Llewellyn, into the territorial capital. Others there be who think that the Congressman Taylor from McKinley's district will succeed in having his brother- in-law, Surveyor General Vance of Santa Fe made governor. But perhaps the influence of Jefferson Raynolds, a kinsman of the president may again prevail for GovernorOtero, and coupled with the successful control of the territorial Republican party shown by the governor, keep things as they are. That there will be strife among the brethern goes without saying, for the minority of the party is not quiescent, and did not make the political mistake of bolting the nominee for delegate, thereby losing the right to be heard.- The El Paso Daily News. [*5827*][*World*] DECEMBER 18, 1900. CITIZEN'S ORGANIZE TO ATTACK TAMMANY. R. Fulton Cutting is Again Chosen President of the Union. HE ADVISES CAUTION. Would Not Antagonize Any Element Needed to Defeat Forces of the Wigwain. APPEAL TO THE DEMOCRACY. Matthew P. Green Urges Complete Reorganization of the Party- Women in the Campaign. R. Fulton Cutting was re-elected President of the Citizens' Union last evening, and was empowered to appoint all the committee necessary for the proper conduct of the anti-Tammany campaign in the approaching municipal election. The meeting was held in the rooms of the Union, on Twenty-third street. Delegates from twenty-two Assembly districts were present. Henry Hents was elected Vice-President, E. R. L. Gould Treasurer and Thomas A. Fallon Secretary. The following delegates-at- large were elected: Manhattan- Matthew Beattie, R. Fulton Cutting, Paul Fuller, Joseph Larocque, A. Wallace McFarlane, Robert C. Ogden, Adolph Openhym, Gustave H. Schwan, Samuel Seabury, Isaac N. Seligman, John De Witt Warner, Everett P. Wheeler. Brooklyn- A. J. Boulton, Henry A. Goulden, Willis L. Ogden, A. S. aight, Ludwig Nissen, George Foster Peabody. Bronx- F. L. Marshall. The President was authorized to appoint an Executive Committee of nine, a committee to look after finances, one to perfect district organization and one to look after legislation. The principal duty of the Legislative Committee will be to urge amendments to the election laws so as to make it easier for independents to put up a ticket. President Cutting made a short speech outlining the work of the organization for the coming year and advising that the union proceed cautiously, so as not to antagonize any of the elements needed to win success in the fight against Tammany. Resolutions were adopted indorsing the report of the Charter Commission. Matthew P. Breen Says Tammany Is Honeycombed with Depravity. Matthew P. Breen, the lawyer and author of "Thirty Years of New York Politics," proposes a complete re-organization of the Democratic party in Greater New York. He said yesterday to a World reporter: "There are 370,000 Democratic voters in the city of New York. This tremendous army is exclusively represented by an organization which, shorn of official patronage and the emoluments of crime has a following of not more than [?]0,000 voters, and whose past and present career has made the name of the Democracy of this county odious throughout the State and country. "It is impossible to agree with those who advocate the retirement of Croker as a cure for the evils under which the city is at once pillaged and degraded. Tammany is at present honeycombed with almost every form of depravity. Even Croker's retirement from leadership would in no way remedy the evil. "It is ludicrous that nearly 400,000 Democratic voters in this city should longer consent to be dominated by a 'Hall,' moreover by one of the ill-favored odor of Tammany Hall. There should be a Democracy broad and comprehensive enough to compass the whole city, bringing the Democrats of all boroughs within its folds on equal terms- a Democracy comporting with the dignity of the enlarged city and its Democratic population. "Are there no longer any public spirited citizens in the Democratic party who will take the lead in rescuing the city's administration from a band of men, some of them as reckless and unscrupulous as the Mafia, who acknowledge no allegiance to any authority but the absent politician whom they blindly obey? Let them summon the Democrats to assemble and discuss the problem of Tammany's overthrow from power, and if they do so, their call will meet with a response that will show the depth and strength of public feeling." 5828 Says Women Can Gain 50,000 Votes Against Tammany. Ex-Senator Francis M. Bixby, who has fought Tammany for thirty years, declared last night in a speech before the Manhattan Liberal Club, at No. 259 West Twenty-third street, that the services were needed to defeat Tammany at the next election. Mrs. Charlotte Winterbur, who presided, and other women present, applauded this sentiment. "Women will be needed to dust Tammany," Mr. Bixby went on. "I'm an old campaigner and know what I'm talking about. Fifty thousand votes are needed to accomplish the overthrow of Croker and his gang and I know that the women alone, without the aid of any reform movement, can get that additional number of votes, so that Croker can remain in England. "We must make Croker understand that Democracy doesn't mean to keep his pockets filled all the time."appointment would be admirable for a thousand reasons. Sincerely Yours F. V. Greene [shorthand] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 29 1900 Filed by*] 33 EAST 30TH STREET. Dec. 19. 1900. Dear Governor Roosevelt. Mr. Crimmins will gladly do anything you ask or desire, and from the way he spoke I feel sure that his relations with Mr. Philbin are such that if he tells him it is his duty to accept the place Philbin will not hesitate a moment. Mr. C. will confidentially speak to him to morrow so that if the Gardiner charges are proven and [*5829*]a vacancy occurs, you will be in position to act very promptly. Mr. Crimmins speaks in the highest terms of Mr. Philbin's courage, character and ability. He says he would not have thought of him in this connection because he has had no experience in [no] criminal law practice or in politics. I showed him that neither was necessary or desired, and finally he agreed with me. If it should come about that you had a Democrat to appoint as Judge, the name of Geo. L. Rives comes up. Crimmins thought very highly of this. But I think it most important to get some high character Republicans on the bench, which is almost solidly Democratic, and it should be made less partisan whenever an opportunity occurs. The more I think of it I think Clarke's appointment [*5830*]Form No. 1. THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY [*F*] INCORPORATED 21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA. CABLE SERVICE TO THE WORLD. [*467*] This Company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which may have been assented to by the sender of the following message. Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Me-sages, beyond the amount of tolls paid thereon, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within sixty days after the massage is filed with the Company for transmission. This is an UNREPEATED MESSAGE, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. THOS. T. ECKERT, President and General Manager. [*7 27 P*] NUMBER SENT BY REC'D BY CHECK B384ny pm G 16 pd RECEIVED at Western Union Building, Broadway & State St., Albany, N.Y. Dec 19 1900 Dated New York 19 To Hon Theodore Roosevelt Executive Mansion Albany NY Have seen Him it is all right he will be glad to do anything you ask. F.V. Green [*[e]*] [*5831*][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 20 1900 Filed by...*] Office of the Commercial Bulletin. 282 WASHINGTON STREET. Boston, Dec 19/1900. Dear Theodore:- Can you please name a date? I'm more sorry than I can say to be a nuisance to you but I cannot help it in this instance. The Drapers are the strongest and most important influence in cotton manufacturing in the United States and this Home Market Club dwarfs anything else in New England. My own club The Republican Club of Massachusetts gave you up last Fall. That is the largest political club of any party in the State but it represents this State alone. I will not bore you again. affy, Curtis. [*[Guild]*] [*[JR]*] [*5832*]EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by SUPREME COURT CHAMBERS, SYRACUSE, N. Y. (Personal) Syracuse, N. Y., December 19, 1900. My Dear Governor Would you be willing to kindly inform me whether you expect to fill the vacancy,caused by the expiration of Judge Merwin's term upon the Bench of the Third Appellate Division, the last of this month ? If you do, and are considering at all the idea of re-appointing him, I should like the chance to talk with you a few moments and will come to Albany either this week or next at such time as you may indicate as convenient to yourself. I have nothing but the pleasantest feelings toward Judge Merwin and should be glad to see him have anything in the world that he desires. As you know, however, he comes from this District and does not belong in the Albany Department at all. There are now four Judges doing trial work in this District. It is entirely unjust and inequitable, both to the public and to them, that they should be held down in a futile attempt to keep up with the public business while a Judge is sent from this District into the Albany Department where the Trial Judges are not occupied anywhere near their entire time in transacting the business of that District. You are probably aware that it is a matter of public comment that some of the Judges from the Fourth(Saratoga 5833-2 SUPREME COURT CHAMBERS, SYRACUSE, N.Y. (District) spend almost more time in New York and Brooklyn than they do at home. One of your Albany Judges has accepted assignments to hold five terms of court in Brooklyn alone in the coming year, and the Judges from the three Districts composing the third Department, are assigned to hold twenty-three terms of court in Brooklyn during the coming year. I have not seen the New York assignments, but presume that they have an equal number there. The Trial Justices from this District, for the entire coming year, have been able to accept assignments in New York and Brooklyn together, aggregating two and one-half weeks. These facts, I think, must make it plain that the vacancy at Albany should be filled by the appointment of some Judge from that Department,rather than that one should be taken away from this District. I regret that the situation is so opposed to Judge Merwin's re-appointment, but I think that he himself would be compelled to admit that they are so opposed. When he was first sent to Albany, Judge Follett was sent into the Rochester Department, so that there was a fair exchange and no ground for complaint. Very truly yours, [*Frank H Hirsch*] Governor Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber, Albany, N. Y. 5834[[shorthand]]LAW OFFICES OF HOLLS, WAGNER & BURGHARD. 120 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. FREDERICK WM HOLLS. LOUIS A. WAGNER. EDWARD M. BURGHARD. [*Private.*] December 19th, 1900. Dear Governor Roosevelt:- I am sorry that my telegram to you arrived too late to enable you to make an appointment to-day but if I can see you on your way from Albany to Oyster Bay for Christmas, please wire me and I will attend. I hope that you received my letter of yesterday to Oyster Bay or that it will be forwarded to you to Albany. It contained a strong plea for the appointment of George C. Holt to the vacancy in the Supreme Court judgeship. In addition to what I said yesterday, let me add that I think you should not for one moment consider the idea of leaving this appointment to Mr. Odell, but should consider it as a providential interposition enabling you go out of office with the glory of an appointment ranking fully as high as the first and best appointment you have hitherto made, namely: that of Colonel Partridge. You cannot possibly make a mistake in selecting Mr. Holt in my opinion - speaking wholly from a public point of view - and you cannot do better. With sincerest regards and the season's compliments to yourself and family, believe me, As ever, faithfully yours, [*Frederick W Holls*] 5835 disinterestedly in the public interests. Wishing you all the compliments of this season of peace and of good-will, I am Faithfully yours, James Mac Naughton. Enclosure [shorthand] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by...*] Personal University Club Fifth Avenue & 54th Street Dec. 19th 1900- Dear Governor Roosevelt, I enclose a copy of a communication I recently sent to our mutual friend, Mr Wadsworth in his official capacity, which may be of interest to you. I have no sympathy with those who are inclined to demand an ideal force of government, but I do not think it unreasonable for citizens of the State to insist upon a businesslike administration of public affairs, carried on in accordance with well-established principles of law and of order. I do not [*5836*]think that the Act of 1897, creating the Forest Preserve Board, can stand such a test. I was surprised to learn from Mr. Wadsworth that there was no member of his Commission on the Forest Preserve Board. I understand that Mr. Babcock still continues to act on the former Board. Unless the Act of 1897 was amended at the recent session of the Legislature, Mr Babcock is clearly ineligible for the position. The original Act provided that the members of the Forest Preserve Board must be members of the Land Board or of the Forest, Fish & Game Commission. I do not wish to be classed as as a pessimist, but it looks to me as if much of the good work done during your admirable administration of affairs in the State, as regards forestry matters, is about to be nullified by the oppressive "Machine" which is once more in full power in this State. Before you leave the office of Chief Executive, where you have had the confidence and trust of every disinterested citizen, I wish to express my deep appreciation of the confidence you have shown in me by consulting me at various times on such an important subject as forestry. What little service I may have rendered in this matter has been given loyally and disinterestedly [*5837*][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED DEC 20 1900. Filed by...*] [*[12-19-00]*] Dr. A. VANDER VEER, OFFICE 28 EAGLE STREET, HOURS, 8 TO 9 A.M. 2 TO 8 P.M. [Dec 20, 1900] DICTATED. ALBANY, N.Y. My dear Governor Roosevelt:- You will probably remember that the Pan-American Medical Congress has been quite a success. It brings together the physicians of South America, the United States and Canada in a very agreeable and instructive way. Dr. William Pepper was the first president, Dr. Lavalle, at Mexico, and our next meeting is to be held at Havana, Cuba, February 4th, 1901, with Dr. Juan Fernandez as president. In your correspondence with Gen. Wood I would be glad to have you say a good word in favor of the proposed meeting. There will probably be about four hundred delegates from the United States. I would like very much a personal letter to Gen. Wood from you, as we hope to meet him there. Believe me, Very sincerely yours, [*A. Vander Veer*] Hon. Theo. Roosevelt, City. [*I appreciate fully your kind words of sympathy in the death of our dear boy. It is to me a great sorrow- Faithfully yours A. Vander Veer*] [*5838*][shorthand] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by*] A. VON HAAKE Post Office Department Topographer's Office Washington December 19-1900. My dear Governor: The Postmaster General informed me, that he sanctions any proper efforts on my part. to have my compensation increased by action of the Senate. This can only be attained by amending the legislation etc bill either in Committee or during its consideration by the Senate. If you think it advisable and convenient for you to do so. please send me a few lines to Senator T. C. Platt. I will try to induce him to offer such amendment. Yours sincerely A. von Haake [*5839*]the country and especially if you happened to see the man. I enclose the copy a letter from Arthur Balfour to whom I sent yours which I knew would interest him particularly, owing to its touching upon topics which he and I have often discussed & which we both [deigned] have very much at heart. Your letter confirms much that I have often said to him and I am sure the tone of his letter will gratify you and will be of interest also. I wish you could have been here next month when the Hay Pauncefote Treaty comes back to us as it will AMERICAN EMBASSY. LONDON. [*Private*] December 19. 1900 [*PF*] My dear Roosevelt. Many thanks for your most interesting letter of Nov. 23d. It was very good of you with all that you have to do to take the trouble to write me at such length. Of course we are greatly disappointed that you cannot come to England at present; not only on private but on public grounds. But I quite see that you need a complete change and rest from all public questions and I can only hope that it may be possible for you to [*5841*]pay England a visit during you Vice-Presidential term. I don't think there is any prohibition in the Constitution or in any Statute against the Vice-President's or even the President's going abroad and I have not lost hope that in my time if I live to 70 or 80 a President of the U.S. perhaps yourself may pay a visit to this and possibly one or two other countries in Europe. Things are very different now from when the country was founded or even the middle or third quarter of this century not only in respect to the ease and rapidity & regularity of atlantic voyages but also in respect to complications which might arise from the absence of a President or Vice-President, [and] the cabinet being now in the line of succession to the Presidency in the event of the President's death- & the Vice-President's on his way home from abroad -. I cannot imagine a better man than yourself to break into this rule which is based upon an antiquated condition of things. In the time of the Georges no British sovereign went abroad (except to [?] which was part of his dominions) nor did William IV even but now they all do it. I think it would be an eye-opener to our people to see the way in which a President or Vice-President of the U. S. would be received in [*5842*]AMERICAN EMBASSY. LONDON. [*[12-19-00]*] probably to talk to the many influential people whom you would have met about it and the feeling at home about the canal. Senator Teller's & some other speeches in the Senate have not improved our chances of getting the modifications accepted; especially as England gave all that we asked originally without any wrangling or bargaining whatever. There is no question that she never would have interfered with our management of the Canal and I can hardly think that any ship of war would venture during hostilities, to use 5843 the Canal even if it were permitted to do so, unless each end should be protected by a sufficiently strong fleet outside the three mile limit to keep all hostile ships away; and even then it would not be safe as the ship might be sunk in the Canal. I want to get home this early spring and, if possible, to see you in the Vice-Presidential chair; but I am a little uncertain as Daisy although much better still needs looking after I don't like leaving her long with Muriel & the household &c to look after alone. I do hope you will enjoy your trip westward. Yours most Sincerely Henry White [*[Henry White]*][*1224*] Manila, Received December 19, 1900. 12.05 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Died, hospital Manila, eleven forty-five , night December 17th, dysentery, abscess liver, Montgomery D.Parker, Captain 8th Infantry. MacArthur. -o0o- Adjutant General's Office, Washington, December 19, 1900. MacArthur, Manila. (Translation) Acting Secretary of War directs absolutely essential for proper conduct and accomplishment muster-out work that Regimental Adjutants and regimental Quartermasters, regular or volunteer, return to United States with their volunteer organization. Authority cabled December 17th, modified accordingly. Frederick detail satisfactory. Corbin. -o0o- Adjutant General's Office, Washington, December 20, 1900. MacArthur, Manila. (Translation) With reference to my telegram of 12th ultimo, trial Winchester rifles, awaiting reply. Ward. -o0o- 5844[*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 24 1900 Filed by*] [*w??al Report*] Opelousas La Dec 20th 1900 Hon Theodore Roosevelt Governor of New York Albany N.Y. Dear sir:- I enclose you a copy of a letter I have written to Senator Lodge and which is selfexplanatory. Can you write to your Senators Platt and Depew and ask them to see that I am afforded fair play. You are a manly man. La Democracy would crush out opposition from any such source. I believe I am possessed of such spirit, and I am not going to let them crush me out of political existance without first being heard. The Democracy in this State is rotten to the core. Their machine politics is without parallel in these United States, and they usually invoke political assassination as a remedy whereby to rid themselves of an opponent. Self praise is poor recommendation indeed, and for this reason I shall not eulogize myself, but I must say that I am the peer of any man in Louisiana in point of honesty both in private and public life. I am 42 years of age. Have been a member of the Legislature and a District Judge, and my family has been identified with the history of this State for a Century. My father was a member of the Confederate congress for four years my Grandfather Gov of this State. I merely advert to these facts, that you may know that I am not without standing. I am not relying upon my family history "I am my own Ancestor" and am insisting upon my [*5845*]rights of protection at the hands of the party with which I have cast my lot.Any services rendered me in the fight now on will be greatly appreciated. Very respectfully Gilbert L Dupré [*[Dupué]*] 5846[For enc see 12-20-00][*"Copy"] Opelousas La. Dec 20th 1900 Hon Henry Cabot Lodge U.S.Senate Washington D.C. Dear Sir:- I was appointed Post Master at this place by President McKinley in the latter part of Oct of the present year.I entered upon the discharge of my duties Oct 27th 1900.For several days past dispatches have been sent from Washington to New Orleans,and have appeared in the Times Democrat and Picayune leading Democratic newspapers to the effect that my nomination was being "held up"so as to ultimately defeat my rights to hold the office to which I was appointed as aforestated.Now I never before heard of an appointee's being held up to accomplish that which is clearly outlined in the dispatch hereto annexed.I have always understood it to be a rule of your august body that none of its members would oppose an appointment without having public cause for opposition.Without such cause it was considered disreputable. If any charges have been preferred against me I am unaware of the fact.If any are preferred,I am ready to meet them .All I desire is to confront my accusers.There are no skeletons in my closet.My only sin consists in having bidden the Democracy adieu,and after doing this, denounced its methods in this State.I did this in the open.I did it over my own signature.I did this on the stump.Not one word was uttered against me.Now they are at their dirty work,firing at me from 5848[*"Copy"] Opelousas La. Dec 20th 1900 Hon Henry Cabot Lodge U.S.Senate Washington D.C. Dear Sir:- I was appointed Post Master at this place by President McKinley in the latter part of Oct of the present year. I entered upon the discharge of my duties Oct 27th 1900.For several days past dispatches have been sent from Washington to New Orleans, and have appeared in the Times Democrat and Picayune leading Democratic newspapers to the effect that my nomination was being "held up" so as to ultimately defeat my rights to hold the office to which I was appointed as aforestated. Now I never before heard of an appointee's being held up to accomplish that which is clearly outlined in the dispatch hereto annexed.I have always understood it to be a rule of your august body that none of its members would oppose an appointment without having public cause for opposition. Without such cause it was considered disreputable. If any charges have been preferred against me I am unaware of the fact. If any are preferred, I am ready to meet them .All I desire is to confront my accusers. There are no skeletons in my closet. My only sin consists in having bidden the Democracy adieu, and after doing this, denounced its methods in this State. I did this in the open. I did it over my own signature. I did this on the stump. Not one word was utterambush.What I insist upon is an open fight.If I am unworthy to hold the office I am willing to at once relieve the President of any further embarassment by resigning at once.But I do protest against being "held up"without any moral or legal right after the manner of the highwayman who halts the traveller at the pistol's point and has him stand up and deliver.What I desire is, that my nomination be not held up without charges being preferred against me,-to the end that the democracy may dispose of my case without first affording me an opportunity to be heard.I have addressed this communication to you in the hope that your sense of fairness would revolt at the methods being invoked to defeat my appointment.If afforded an opportunity to defend myself,I believe I can take care of my self.I realize that you are a very busy man,and would not under ordinary circumstances appeal to you.I must appeal to some one;I must appeal to Republicans.I cannot expect any favors(nor do I desire any)at the hands of the Democracy of La.I have gone into the Republican party"for better for worse", office or no office.I insist upon an open fight.A fair field and no favors,and then if I am unworthy to hold the office I will at once relieve the party to which I belong.What I protest against is,the political assassination they seem to have in store for me. I have written to the First Assistant P.M.General and stated I stood ready to meet any charges preferred against me.Have written to Senator Hanna not to oppose me without first affording me a hearing, and I write to you to secure me such hearing if one is necessary. Again apologizing for having tresspassed upon your valuable time, believe me to be Very Respectfully [*(signed) Gilbert L. Dupré*] [*5849*][*[Enc in Dupue 12-20-00]*]EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 20 1900 Filed by LAW OFFICES OF HOLLS, WAGNER & BURGHARD. 120 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. FREDERICK WM HOLLS. LOUIS A. WAGNER. EDWARD M. BURGHARD. December 20th, 1900. [*Personal.*] Dear Governor Roosevelt:- The rumor is circulating that you are seriously considering the appointment of a Democrat to fill the vacancy caused by Judge Beekman's death, and as I think matters over I can see how that idea may have arisen in your mind,provided there is any possibility of removing the District Attorney and filling his place with a Republican. Permit me to urge upon you what I feel to be absolutely the case, namely: that you can hardly afford to appoint any other Democrat than Judge Daly,and you are not called upon to appoint him. You are not called upon to appoint a Democrat to the Supreme Court on the grounds of fairness and non-partisanship. All the judges in this district, except your own appointee, are Democrats. The Republicans are by their vote entitled to at least four. The place where a Democrat should be appointed to the Supreme court bench is in any of the country districts, where the Republicans are always elected and where the Democrats are entitled by their vote to some representation; but, to appoint a Democrat in this district would, from the political point of view, be in my opinion a great injustice and a very grave mistake. Your decision to appoint Judge Daly when he was turned down was wise, courageous and admirable, because at that time he represented an idea, apart from all political affiliations. That time, as you told me last Fall when you appointed Blanchard, has gone by, and to-day there is no reason why you should hesitate for a moment to give your own party the benefit of this vacancy. The only name of any Democrat that I have heard suggested is that of Mr. Philbin, whom I have known for years and whom I admire very greatly, but who is simply "not in it," so to speak, as a lawyer with Mr. Holt. He would not rank in the same class in the judgment of any one fit to be asked about it,and having no interest than the public interest to serve. There are other good Republican lawyers besides Mr. Holt who would adorn the position, for instance Taft might be persuaded to take it this time. Men like that in my opinion are all right. None of them, and I have thought the whole list over, are better than Mr. Holt, and few as good. Philbin would undoubtedly make a very fair judge, but there cannot be the slightest doubt -without the first reflection upon him as a man or as a lawyer- that it would be lowering the standard, which you of all men, at the end of your term as Governor, certainly wish to 5850 LAW OFFICES OF HOLLS, WAGNER & BURGHARD. 120 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. FREDERICK WM HOLLS. LOUIS A. WAGNER. EDWARD M. BURGHARD. 2. avoid. I have been extremely busy during the last few days, and have had no opportunity to see many lawyers and urge them to write for Mr. Holt. All of the first class lawyers with whom I have spoken have told me that they would write, or had written you, and you must therefore certainly have a good list of endorsements. I am urgent about this matter because I tell you frankly that I feel very strongly about it, and I don't think that any advice which I have had the honor to give you in the last two years is so absolutely and entirely in the public interest as this which i am now giving you. If you have any doubts on the subject and don't remember Mr. Hold personally well, I ask him to see you before you make up your mind; and I don't see what the District Attorneyship has to do with the question. I think you would be thoroughly justified in appointing John Proctor Clarke, or Wellman, Andrews or Fox as District Attorney no matter whom you appoint judge. If both your appointees are Republicans so much the better. It is only political fairness that the Republicans should have a chance at the District Attorneyship and inasmuch as Ithe candidate for Mayor next year is very likely to be a man of Democratic antecede[??], the Republicans can fairly claim the District Attorneyship. And, let me remind you that there will be four judicial vacancies to fill by election next year. Judge Lawrence retires by age; Judge O'Brien by expiration of his term, as doers Blanchard and your new appointee. O'Brien is a Democrat and will surely be nominated, giving the Democrats one at least. Lawrence's successor is also likely to be a Democrat on a fusion ticket; but two of the judges ought to be Republicans and if you appoint a man like Holt, he and Blanchard are sure to be nominated for the full term and very likely to be elected. In that case you will never regret your action. I hope I can see you on Saturday in New York about this matter as well as others. If it is not possible, I will have to forego the pleasure , for I fear that I shall have to be in Boston most of next week and I don't suppose you will come to New York after O[??]ll's inauguration. With sincerest regards, As ever, faithfully yours, [*Frederick W. Holls*] 5851[[shorthand]]THOS. M. HUNTER Broker 410 Royal Insurance Building SPECIALTIES:FLAX SEED - FUTURES, CAR LOTS, CARGOES, GRASS SEEDS AND CLOVERS. LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE HARRISON 1534. CABLE ADDRESS: TOMHUNT, CHICAGO. Chicago, December 20, 1900. 190__ HON. THEODORE ROSEVELT, VICE PRESIDENT-ELECT AND TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: — SIR: I most respectfully take the liberty to recommend for your favorable consideration Garfield A. Tod, whom I have known for the past 15 or 14 years, and have watched his progress since he was a small boy. Having served under you in your regiment in Cuba, he is undoubtedly well known to you from a soldier's standpoint, and I can personally recommend him strongly for any position for which he might apply. That for the Republicans of the 55th Ward, City of Chicago, now interest themselves is to endeavor to have him appointed as United States Deputy Marshal, northern district of this state. He is endorsed by the 55th Ward Republican Club, and also by its Executive Committee; and, while I am Treasurer of that organization, I now beg to supplement their recommendations with that of my own. From my personal knowledge and observations of Garfield A. Tod, I am impressed with the belief that he would make a trustworthy and honorable servant, and heartily cooperate with the others in their recommendation. Very respectfully yours, Thos M Hunter Alderman 35th Ward, City of Chicago. [*5852*]Persimmons are ripe, 'Possums are fat & Coons are climbing & "Henry [?]' our neighbor nigger comes over for the young master to go possum hunting with him [?] morning is dedicated to Turkey hunting with "Ben Anderson" the colored expert in the after noon with Henry for "Lyar" hunting "Old Lyar's" however are not so plentiful as they ought to be. Last winter was very severe, & the summer very dry -- driest ever known But Coons & Possums are perfect [shorthand] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 4 1900 Files by ___*] Dec 20, 1900 My Dear Col. — Governor. Vice President I suppose the smoke has blown away & you've got off the stains of battle & can be talked to again Your campaign was delightful to me, & you enjoyed it too — The bricks & the eggs only showed how your fire told I take it your health was improved, for you told me once you had the constitution of a Bull Moose & I believed it 58533 Deer hunting goes on all the time, but only an occasional kill. Foxes are plenty & hounds are prime & the Boys in this & Northway are waiting for you - Just to have you in the swamps. "These Northerners only know how to side you know--" I laugh & say--Wait until we see!" Send me a copy of your Cromwell - this will make my set of your Books complete ask Miss Alice, if she ever recd a Photo of my grandson, which I sent to Oyster Bay I think. I want her to remember him-- like him when she meets him in the uniform of a Lieut. USN My love to Mrs Roosevelt to Teddy & Kermit & Archy & Quentin & Edith & Alice & all And you know I am Yours to [?] Bradley T. Johnson [*5854*][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by...*] CENSUS OFFICE, WASHINGTON,D.C. OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR. GME December 20, 1900. Dear Governor Roosevelt: I have just seen Chapman, who tells me that he has been down to see the Appointment Clerk of the State Department and learned that there were some possible vacancies among the consulships. I think it would be well for us to see Mr. Hay at the earliest possible moment. Are you likely to be in Washington soon? Chapman has gotten very much interested in the matter, and I think expects every man to do his duty. Kindly advise me what the possibilities are of your coming over here within a month. Very sincerely, [*W. R. Merriam [W. R. Merriam]*] Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, New York. [*5855*][[shorthand]]by you that you had offered it to me, and then put me [where] in the same position as Messrs Beaman & Taft and perhaps others. I cannot bear to cherish a grievance and hence have always intended to speak frankly to you on the subject at the first opportunity. Very Sincerely Yours James M Varnum Hon Theo. Roosevelt [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 20 1900 Filed by____*] JAMES M. VARNUM, COUNSELLOR AT LAW. 62 William Street New York Dec 20 1900 My dear Governor If, as I understand, you will leave the appointment to the Supreme Court vacancy to your successor to fill, I can free my mind by saying that I could not help feeling quite hurt and slighted, after all the commendation I received from you and [*5856*]by most of the public I am sure, as in some way a mark of disapproval of me - If another man deemed best by you to be appointed, I should have been quite willing to have declined the position, if I could only have had the statement made from the Bench or Bar on my administration as Surrogate (under somewhat exceptional conditions) when last September you appointed a judge of an inferior court over me, besides announcing that you had offered the position to sundry other persons named. It was considered [*5857*][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by...*] HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, WASHINGTON. December 20th, 1900. His Excellency Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of the State of New York, Dear Governor Roosevelt: You will doubtless remember our conversation which occurred in the Pennsylvania Station Wednesday evening, December 12th. I enclose the letter from General Guild which I mentioned. Will you kindly answer it with regrets that you cannot be present at our annual meeting? If you could also express the hope that you would like, or might be with us on some future occasion, I think it would be very much appreciated. Such a letter will at least show the Association that I have done my duty. Yours truly, [*G. W. Weymouth.*] [shorthand] [*5858*]Headquarters, First Regiment Marines, Cavite, P.I. Decemeber 20, 1900. My dear Colonel:- Sometimes I think one can worry even his friends too much but I do hope I am not found doing that! There seems a great probability to us out here that the Quartermasters Department of the Marine Corps will be increased by the addition of several Captains and Assistant Quartermasters. These are surely needed, and if this increase is granted, I would like very much to be appointed. I am now one of the senior first lieutenants of the Corps, being #12, and I hardly think any of my seniors will want the billet. Will you please see the General(Heywood) for me, also Secretary Long, and speak a good word. I am sure that you will. Please give my compliments to Mrs. Roosevelt. I hope that your coming sojourn in Washington will be a pleasant one, and that you will enjoy good health. Very sincerely and respectfully, Benjamin B Woog First Lieutenant, U.S. Marine Corps. [*5859*][[shorthand]]o'clock on Wednesday when I expected to be lunching with you. I was deep in a discussion at all Executive Committee meeting which had lasted since Eleven o'clock & from which I was called away at about two EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by 1 PARK AVENUE Friday Dec. 21 My dear Theodore I really do not know how to say to you how ashamed how mortified I am but I must tell you the truth. & ask you to bear with me. At one 5860to rush into another engrossing transaction entirely oblivious of lunch & of your kind invitation, which I had received only late in the evening before & had accepted by telegram with so much pleasure. I had looked forward with real delight to seeing you and to the different atmosphere & thoughts that I knew I should find at your hospitable board & I can only say that I am sadly disappointed. It seems as if I was overwhelmed by the work & duties that I have been obliged to assume of late. I hope I may [*5861*]1 PARK AVENUE. see you before long You must know how keenly interested I have been in your every step this, the last great campaign & how truly delighted I have been at your tremendous triumph [*5862*]words cannot express it but I know you will understand Ever Yours Robert BaconRathbone Stove Works Rathbone Sard & Co. Albany, Chicago & Detroit. North Ferry Street Albany, N. Y. Dec. 21, 1900. My dear Governor:- Many thanks for your kind letter of the 20th inst. Much as I should like to join your expedition, I find it will be absolutely impossible for me to do so. At the end of the year, my salesmen are being sent out on the road, and we are very busy in closing our books for the year, and you can realize that it is quite a job to undertake, and it is necessary for me to be here to overlook matters. I am in something of the same situation as Wadsworth is at the opening of the Legislature. Nothing would five me greater pleasure than to go with you, and if I were a gentleman of 'elegant leisure,' your kind invitation would be snapped up immediately, but as it is, being a 'son of toil,' I am obliged to forego the pleasure! May be sometime in the future I shall have the pleasure of trying to get even with you in shooting some big game, but I cannot do it just now. With kind regards, and thanking you for your invitation, I am Yours very truly, Edward Bowditch His Excellency, Gov. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber, Albany, N. Y. P. S. The Misses says " You are a goodie! Why did you say you would go?" I was a good deal like the little boy-who had nothing to say but only that I wanted to go. I am so sorry I cant. [*5863*][*[For enc see 12-21-00]*][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by*] WILLIAMS COLLEGE, WILLIAMSTOWN, MASS. Dec 21, 1900. Dear Governor Roosevelt Since receiving your declination of our invitation to deliver the commencement address on June 24, it has occurred to us that possibly the Senior Class might be willing to transfer their Promenade Concert to Wednesday evening from Tuesday if you could be present here Tuesday evening June 25 and give the address. [*5864*]It is now vacation and I cannot arrange definitely with the Seniors as they are out of town. But we greatly desire your presence and I venture to ask you whether if I can make the arrangement with the Seniors you would consent to be our orator Tuesday evening, and to receive the degree Wednesday morning, as I remember the anniversary of the battle was to be the 24th Monday. Will you kindly send me an early reply. With highest esteem very sincerely yours, Franklin Carter. [*[Carter]*] To His Excellency Theodore Roosevelt,London Office. [*PF*] 7658 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY OF NEW YORK, Thomson Houston and Edison Systems. Electric Railway Lighting and Power Apparatus and Electrical Supplies of all kinds. Telephone: "Bank, 6018." Cables and Telegrams: "Hypsometer." 110, Cannon Street, E.C. 21st December 1900 William Loeb Esq, Junr. Private Secretary to His Excellency, Governor Roosevelt, Albany, New York. My dear Sir, On returning from a long tour on the Continent, I found upon my desk the enclosed literary curiosity, which I have considered might possibly be of interest to Governor Roosevelt. Would, therefore, take the liberty of enclosing the same. Most sincerely yours, Wm J Clark General Manager, Foreign Department, General Electric Co., Of New York. [illegible] Encl: [*5866*]Office of the Commercial Bulletin. 282 WASHINGTON STREET. Boston, Mass., December 21, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber, Albany, New York. Dear Theodore, It was stupid of me to forget about the Senate. I will write at once to Cabot Lodge. I am very sorry you were unable to pardon Calderelli, but recognize, of course, that I have only heard ex parte evidence; but it seems to me that I would have shot a man on sight whether in broad daylight or not who had done to me what that scoundrel had done to Calderelli. Here, in Massachusetts, this morning, a woman has just been set at liberty, at the end of her trial, for vitriol-throwing, the object of her assault having committed the same offense as Calderelli's victim. This was done in broad day light, but, as in Calderelli's case, the confessed criminal was judged to have been in a condition of frenzy, brought on by the victim, and the judge's sentence that she be released on probation was greeted by the cheers of the court and universal public satisfaction. However, as I say, I have only heard the Calderelli side 5867Office of the Commercial Bulletin. 282 WASHINGTON STREET. Boston, 2 K. and perhaps they have magnified to me the provocation. At all events, I am very much obliged to you for taking up the matter at all. I am coming to New York to speak for John Clarke in January, while you are shooting lions in Colorado. Assaulting lions seems a popular sport in that state so I should not recommend that you try it at Victor , as the inhabitants may mistake which is the lion to be shot at. [Cordially] [*affy*] yours, [*Curtis*] [*[Guild]*] 58681118. F. St N.W. Washington D.C. December 21st 1900 My Dear Mr Roosevelt Lunched to day with your Sister Mrs Cowles. Talking of you, we came to the conclusion that you had better take a "ski" trip through the Yellowstone Natl Park and see the game in place of the trip to Colorado we hear you contemplate. You can't hunt there, without running up against some game law, but you can see thousands of elk and lots of other game in the Park. If you'll say the word I'll make the trip with you and take some pictures of the animals. It would give you a rest and me much pleasure. I'd keep up with you I think. I'm going to be in New York again in ten or fifteen days I will want to see you if its possible, Saw you in Washington on the 12th but did not know you untill you had passed. Address as above Very truly yours Elwood Hofer [*5869*][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by...*] Bank of Lawson. Chas. M. Prowant, Pres't. E. W. Johnston, Cashier. Lawson, Okla. Dec 21 1900 Gov. Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, N.Y. My Dear Colonel: As I learn that O.G. Palmer, my old bunkmate and the First Sergeant of D Troop, is an applicant for appointment as 2nd Lieut. in the regular army, I wish to say that his candidacy has the heartiest endorsement of myself and all the D Troop boys I have been able to communicate with. It would be useless for me to tell you of good record as our top sergeant for you doubtless remember his promptness, energy, discipline, and fidelity as well as I do. As his bunkmate and constant companion, I knew him to be competent in the discharge of his duties, of unfailing courage and a [*5870*]Bank of Lawson. Chas. M. Prowant, Pres't. E. W. Johnston, Cashier. Lawson, Okla, 190 man of soldierly ideals. I have known him for years as one of the most scholarly and able instructors in Oklahoma and a man of stainless moral character. In politics I have known him to be a staunch and loyal republican. While in the army he was tendered the nomination for Co. Supt. by the republicans of Kay Co. Okla. and, on my advice, he accepted it. In a clean cut campaign he threw down the gauntlet to fusion odds and, though defeated, he helped sow the seeds of a splendid republican success there this year. More than this Serg'ts Palmer's family in Kansas are all able republican workers and did much to aid in the overwhelming republican triumph there this year. [*5871*]Bank of Lawson. Chas. M. Prowant, Pres't. E. W. Johnston, Cashier. Lawson, Okla, 190 His appointment would be a handsome recognition of D Troop, a compliment to the body of Oklahoma teachers, a suitable reward for his service and, I believe, a gain for the personal of our army Very sincerely, Yours E. W. Johnston 5872[[shorthand]]THE CIVIL-SERVICE REFORM ASSOCIATION, OFFICES, 54 WILLIAM ST. (Telephone, 1898 JOHN.) CARL SCHURZ, President. GEORGE McANENY, Secretary. ELLIOT H. GOODWIN, Ass't Sec'y. A.S. FRISSELL, Treasurer. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: Jacob F. Miller, Chairman. Samuel P. Avery. Truman J. Backus. H. de Forest Baldwin. William Brookfield. Edward Cary. Charles Collins. W. Bayard Cutting. Horace E. Deming. E.L. Godkin. J. Warren Greene James McKeen. Samuel H. Ordway. George Foster Peabody. William A. Perrine. William Jay Schieffelin. Charles A. Schieren. Thomas R. Slicer. Henry Sanger Snow. Anson Phelps Stokes. S. Perry Sturges. C.C. Burlingham. William H. Thomson. Charles W. Watson. Everett P. Wheeler. New York, December 21, 1900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Executive Chamber, Albany, N.Y. My dear Governor: I have your letter of the 20th inst., with reference to the exemption of "deputies" in the office of the Sheriff in Erie County. I had supposed the matter was still open, else would not have bothered you with so lengthy a communication. I am sure that the Civil Service Commissioners, including Burt, whom you say you particularly consulted, felt that under the law they were obliged to grant these things. The law, however, seems open to differing constructions, and it is so vitally important that at least those who are called "deputies" for the mere purpose of gaining exemption, should not be exempted that we are anxious to have those remain competitive, if any construction will permit it. We have therefore sent to the Commission Mr. Ordway's brief and are asking if their action, so far as it affects these classes, may not be reconsidered. If this is not done the case will be substantially this: Certain jailors, turnkeys and matrons are excepted because, although performing the duties proper to such titles, they are commissioned as deputy-sheriffs. In other words, not a single position in the office of the Sheriff of Erie County will remain competitive. It follows that any other County employee may be made a deputy-sheriff on any pretext, and must be exempted on the same grounds. [*5873*]2. The exemption of Court Attendants would be demanded next, for the law specially allows the Judges to make them deputies, so that they may act with more authority in preserving order during trials. Employees of the District Attorney might consistently be treated in the same manner, until gradually the application of the civil service law in each of the counties, newly classified, might in very large degree be nullified. Familiar as you are with the ingenuity of gentlemen interested in "getting around the law", you will realize that, with such a promising means of evasion so conveniently offered the results are apt to be exactly these. Col. Burt, in fact,- after a talk I had with him this morning,- admitted that the danger was a serious one. I think that he would support such an amendment as we propose - that is, a limitation of the exemption to those deputy sheriffs actually and exclusively employed as such. The Commission meets on December 31. If they should agree to go this then, and you should be willing to approve, before they adjourn on that day, we should be greatly gratified, and I can not but feel that you would yourself be very much better pleased with the ultimate results. Incidentally this is the first real test of the law as applied to counties, for there is to be a change in several of the Erie offices as the result of the election, and the request for these exemptions has been made by the Sheriff who is to come in on January 1,- not by the present incumbent. The new County Clerk is also asking for additional exemptions, in anticipation of the change of control. Either officer should, ofcourse, be permitted to make as many removals as he may find necessary, but if the 58743. application of the law is to mean anything the appointments made to fill vacancies so created must be made in the manner the law prescribes. Believe me, as ever, Faithfully yours, [*Geo McAneny*] [*[McAneny]*] [*5875*][*1225*] Manila, Received December 21, 1900 3.30 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. If sufficient inducement is offered in nature of bounty, equal something less than cost placing recruit Manila, say $250, possibly many volunteers would re-enlist under new Army Bill; accepting only worthy men standing most rigid physical examination; we would get trained soldiers, familiar with Philippine service, at less than cost recruit, thus insuring economy and professional efficiency. MacArthur. -oOo- Manila, Received December 22, 1900. 10.56 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. Killed: November 24, Frorista, Luzon, M, 47th Infantry, Corporal Arthur Burrows; November 25, D, 11th Cavalry, Sergeant Bernard Baker; Between November 24 and December 7, Calbayon Mataginao, Samar, H, 29th Infantry, Welburn Watts. Wounded: M, 29th Infantry, Hylas E.Smiley, severely; B, 29th Infantry, Charles E. Mackey, moderately; December 15, Duero, Bohol, H, Signal Corps, U.S.Army, Corporal Charles A.Wilson, mortally; December 8, Antigue, Panay, G, 38th Infantry, Martin L. Weatherman, neck serious; December 18, San Ignacio, Luzon, G, 49th Infantry, Musician Hays Withers, leg above knee moderate; October 30, Burgason, Panay, F, 44th Infantry, Lee Piatt, arm slight; November 10, Subig, Luzon, L, 25th Infantry, William Smith, shoulder slight. MacArthur. -oOo- [*5876*]EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY WEST POINT, NEW YORK December 21, 1900. Governor Theodore Roosevelt, Albany, New York. My dear Colonel: I can not tell you how gratified I was on receipt this morning of your letter of the 20th with its enclosure to President McKinley. in response, I cannot do better than to tell you frankly how I feel about the matter. I would gladly welcome honorable and legitimate promotion, especially so as I particularly suffer from the inequalities which have governed regular promotion in the past, and stand now much lower than I justly should by my length of service. The last Army Register shows that in my own arm of the service- the Cavalry- 28 Captains are my seniors who, by original rank and length of service, should be my juniors. They are all younger than I am and, continuing in the Cavalry, if they live, will be in it when under the operation of law I must retire, thus depriving me of the line promotion which from every fair point of view should be the reward of faithful service. In view of this, if with the coming Army legislation, original vacancies, to be filled at the discretion of the President are created, I would be very glad to be selected for one. I would also be glad if you, of your own accord, would write to the President and Mr.Root on the subject. As you know, my appointment to duty here was a great surprise to me; it was entirely unsolicited, for I neither initiated nor asked 58772. in any way for any recognition. Under the circumstances I have felt, and feel, I am, so to speak, on trial and therefore have refrained from any efforts to secure other or permanent recognition. I feel you will appreciate my position in the matter. Of course you have noticed the fire of unmerited abuse and scandal at present being directed at the Military Academy. I also am the innocent victim of much unfounded personal condemnation and villification. When the smoke clears away, however, the Academy will, in spite of yellow journalism, appear in its true light as an institution which does its best to turn out manly young soldiers, patriots and gentlemen. I was very sorry to have missed you in Washington last week when I called at your sister's to say how to do to you. I am glad to see you have planned a big game hunt in the West when through at Albany, and I hope it will prove a successful and enjoyable outing. Please present Mrs. Mills' and my own kindest remembrances to Mrs.Roosevelt and with every good wish for yourself, believe me, Faithfully yours, [*A. L. Wills I return your letter to the President. If you do not send it I would be very glad to have it to keep. A. L. W.*] 5878[[shorthand]][*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by*] 47. E. 44. St. Dec 21. [*[00]*] Dear Theodore - I know that you are the busiest man in the State but I greatly wish that you would read the enclosed - my feeble views on the Canal question - I feel horribly at the Senate's action - Sec. VII will make us trouble and seems a horrible blunder. They should not give away the right to fortify our ditch way to our Western Coast - for that should be our point of view. England will of course accept this treaty - after pretending to dislike it. It just suits [*5879*]by conquering us next! Baker [?] it too bad. This is a long intrusion on your time but I know that you are two things first of all: An American, & fearless, & I'll bet all my old boots that you don't approve the treaty as the Senate has passed it - When I see you Ill tell you who killed Sec'y Root's last year's army bill & who killed the bill brevetting the Santiago army. Give my kindest regards to Mrs Roosevelt and believe me always your sincere friend Creighton Wehbyher. We shall live to see her own a controlling interest in the stock of the Company & then we shall have the old cry of the British Bondholder again. Nobody admires the British more than I do- and nobody knows them any better. They play the National game as it must be played. Boldly, unscrupulously, mendaciously and with a constant & Calliope like accompaniment of [crossed out] calls on the Deity & all the Christian host; Bull-like protestation of piety, desire to civilize, to extend the banner of the meek & lowly Jesus. To play the part of [the] Philip [Livrey?], the meek self abrogating one - & when the cry is especially loud it is [p] because they have a particularly long & searching knife under somebody's ribs & are twisting it about "extra hard." Why can't we emulate their superb indifference to public opinion when once they are really up against a question [*5880*]Where their National interests are heavily at stake. At the outbreak of the Boer War they had to face the moral condemnation of every nation in the world, yet when asked what would be their their treatment of the South Af. repubs. when they had conquered them & set right all ways therein existing, what did they say! "We shall do what we damn please" or words to that effect, & this though they knew that the whole world was against them. What did we say when we were entering into a war of humanity - to abate a horrible [their] mediaeval, commerce, wrecking, prosperity deterring their land. Briskly asked the same question we took water & said "Oh we will give Cuba back to the Cubans. Pray don't think badly of us. We crouch & cower beneath the lack of your bad opinion. We hate to abate this nuisance but we really must or be painted[*[ca 12-21 00]*] PRICE £2 2x. NET, Sport in Europe BY SEVENTEEN WRITERS EDITED BY F. G. AFLALO JOINT-EDITOR OF THE "ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF SPORT" GREAT BUSTARD Profusely Illustrated FROM DRAWINGS BY ARCHIBALD THORBURN, E. CALDWELL, AND E. F. T. BENNETT And from upwards of 100 Photographs supplied by the Contributors LONDON SANDS & CO. 12 BURLEIGH STREET 1900 ELLIS & ELVEY DEALERS IN OLD & RARE BOOKS 29, NEW BOND ST, LONDON 5881Articles and Names of Contributors Austria By W.A. Baillie-Grohman Hungary Count Geza Szechenyi Belgium Henri Quersin Denmark Baron O. Reedtz-Thott France Paul Caillard Germany Baron Donald Schonberg Greece J. Gennadius Holland Baron F. W. De Tuyll Italy Count Scheibler Portugal Count D'Arnoso Roumania Prince Nicolas Ghika Scandinavia Sir Henry Pottinger, Bart. Spain The Duke of Frias Switzerland Dr. Eugene Pitard The British Isles Lord Granville Gordon The Russian Empire F. Demidoff Prince San Donato Turkey and the Balkan States A. G. Hulme Beaman. Illustrations from Drawings By Archibald Thorburn Red Deer | Pheasant | Capercailzie | Great Bustard Peregrine Falcon | Partridge | Woodcock | Quail Red Grouse | Hare | Black Grouse | Wild Duck By E. Caldwell Lynx | Badger | Wild Boar | Fox | Reindeer Roedeer | Ferret | Elk | Otter | Wolf Fallow Deer | Moufflon | Ibex | Brown Bear By E.F.T. Bennett Trout | SalmonPlan of the Work "SPORT IN EUROPE" gives, for the first time, a collective account of the Shooting, Fishing, Hunting, and allied sports in the different countries of that continent, and it gives them from the individual standpoint of each writer. In two cases only, for reasons that will be perfectly appreciated by those acquainted with sport and sportsmen in Scandinavia and the Balkans, have English writers been invited to contribute on other countries With these exceptions, each article is contributed by a representative sportsman of the country, and the value of such a collection of essays will, it is hoped, possess an interest beyond the merely practical one of describing the sport available to day int eh various countries to both native and foreign sportsmen. It was unavoidable that articles from such different sources should vary somewhat in the manner of treatment, but this will not be found to interfere with the practical side of the book, while it lends diversity to the descriptions. Among the foremost topics dealt with by the contributors are many noted. breeds of sporting dogs, illustrated in most cases from photographs specially taken, by permission, from celebrated packs, such as the Virelade pack in France, the Podengos of Portugal, the Bracco and Spinone of Italy, and many others. Another matter of some interest is the divergence of national opinion in the administration of game laws, with reflections, not altogether encouraging, on the results of inadequate legislation in more than one foreign country. The various estimation in which hunting, angling and some other sports are held in neighbouring lands is another interesting deduction from these articles, and, coming to the strictly practical use of the book, the sportsman should have no difficulty in forming an opinion on the attractions, as regards both rod and gun, of the different states under notice, the restrictions on the importation of dogs and firearms, and the various licenses and close times of which it is essential to take account. In two instances only have the political boundaries of Europe been overstepped. It is perhaps unnecessary to add that these occur in Prince Demidoff's very complete account of sport in the Russian Empire (which, of course, includes Siberia and the important Caucasian region), and Mr. Hulme Beaman's notes on the sport of the Balkans, where it is almost impossible to give any collective account of the shooting without at every step crossing the borders of Asia Minor. The illustrations in the text, from photographs kindly supplied by the contributors, include, as already mentioned, a number of typical sporting dogs, many of great interest, and also make a feature of the antlers of red and roe deer, chamois and ibex from the different regions of western, central, and eastern Europe; and the characteristic costumes of sportsmen, keepers, and beaters are in many cases also given in photographs specially taken for the book. Typical shooting and fishing scenes and scenery, too, are figured, and altogether it may be fairly claimed by the publishers that no such representative collection of articles and illustrations has ever yet been projected over an area so varied. For it is necessary, in considering this statement, to bear in mind that, unlike the case of Africa and Asia, continents that figure largely in sporting literature, but almost always from the British point of view, we have in Europe a score of countries inhabited by races of widely different manners, and producing sportsmen with widely different ideals. This, it is thought, should constitute the unique interest of the book. 5882[Enc in Bowditch 12-21-00] THE LATE KING HUMBERT OF ITALY AND HIS RECORD IBEXNew York City, December 21st,1900. Honorable Theodore Roosevelt, Governor State of New York, Albany, N. Y. Sir:- You expressed the wish that I should, as your official representative, secure for the State of New York, such information as would aid the State authorities in deciding what changes, if any, should be made in the status of the National Guard, and in what way the State could best co-operate with the Federal authorities in their efforts to secure a reserve or auxiliary force for the Army, Acting under your instructions, and in compliance with the wish of the President of the United States, conveyed to me by the Secretary of War, I have studied the way in which England has organized its reserve and auxiliary forces, and also the system adopted in Switzerland by which they are enabled to maintain an effective and efficient militia. From time to time reports have been sent to you, and to the War Department in Washington covering different portions of my work. I have the honor to hand you to-day the following Report, which embraces all the facts contained in the preceding reports, and which 1 [*5883*]also has certain new matter. I desire to call your attention to the brief and very simple character of the recommendations which I have made, and I beg you to say that, in my opinion, the time has not yet come when it would be wise for any one of the States to commit itself absolutely to any specific method, either for changing the status of the National Guard, or State Militia, or in any other way securing a reserve or auxiliary force for the Army. If the different states will, at the present time, simply accept as fundamental the two propositions; first, that a plan should be adopted for giving the Army some reserve or auxiliary force; and second, that the status of the State Forces, and their responsibilities and duties should be clearly and explicitly defined, more good will result than from an attempt now to work out the details of these questions; the most valuable work which any State can do at the present time, is to develop and give expression to a determination to co-operate with the Federal Government, and with the other States in an effort to find the best solution of these problems. 1"a" 5884I also beg to express the hope that you will not consider the Report, in its present shape, a final report, but that I be permitted to make certain additions to it before it be considered as completed. INTRODUCTION. It was nearly two thousand years after the world had received the glad tidings of "Peace on Earth Good Will toward Men", when the Czar of all the Russias, whose will is law throughout a vast Empire, more than 5885 1 "b"twice as large as the United States, and who numbers his soldiers by the millions, asked the civilized world to unite in an effort to maintain general peace, and to lessen the burdens borne by so many countries in their preparations for war. Page after page of history tells of wars, sometimes, it is true, undertaken with the noblest motives; but more often prompted by greed and ambition; and the pages are stained with the record of suffering and misery, and of the indescribable horrors of sack and pillage. Even now when humanity has reached a higher level, bringing truer standards of action to people, rulers and kings, the world is like an armed camp, with heavy burdens on tax-payers, to maintain the forces which are ever ready to destroy each other. It was the 24th day of August 1898 when the Czar sent his first Rescript (1) to all the governments represented at St. Petersburgh. When this appeal for universal peace was sent forth, the people of the United States, who have always believed that their geographical conditions protected them against the probability of war with any European nation, were concluding a contest with Spain in which American ships (1) This Rescript will be found in the Appendix. 2 5886and men had been fighting seven thousand miles from home, and England was on the verge of a struggle in which she would have a quarter of a million men under arms at even a greater distance from the British Isles. Hidden in the future was the peril which was to threaten representatives of all the civilized nations of the world in the capital of China; a peril so great, and attended with so many horrors, that even the most earnest and devoted opponents of war united in bidding God-speed to the soldiers who were sent from America and Europe to rescue women and children from torture and mutilation. It is undoubtedly true that Americans would hail with delight the realization of the Emperor's dream of universal peace. No great and powerful nation in the entire history of the world has been more earnest and sincere than America in its love of peace, in its efforts to mitigate and lessen human suffering, or to save its citizens from needless burdens for war purposes; and in our country as elsewhere, it was an intense disappointment that the Peace Conference was not more successful in hastening the time, when, as was said in the Imperial Rescript (1), "the great conception of universal peace should triumph (1) This Rescript will be found in the appendix. 3 5887"over the elements of trouble and discord." Americans should and will, in co-operation with their fellow-men the world over, exert their influence to make the principles of equity and right so powerfully dominate the relations of nations that battle and bloodshed will not stain the records of international controversies. But while Americans should spare no effort to aid those who, whether on the throne or in the pulpit are laboring for the betterment of mankind, only the foolish and the wicked will shut their eyes to existing facts. Much as we may long for peace, we must see that in the strange medley of the world's affairs, war may at any time become inevitable, and when it comes, the awful truth is written in letters of blood, that the unready nation pays for its neglect of wise forethought in the needless death and suffering of brave men, and far less important, although the tax- payer properly objects, in squandered and wasted treasure. Every war ever waged re-iterates this truth, and places an awful responsibility on those who have prevented the precautions demanded by humanity and common-sense. When the youth and strength of our nation are dying in dever-stricken camps, when artillery and in- 5888fantry are pouring out their life's blood in order to make obsolete guns and black powder effective against smokeless powder, and modern rifles, when we are organizing a fighting force after the declaration of war, with divided counsels on all important questions, the people are properly and righteously indignant. But they ignore their own responsibility for the wretched conditions, and worse than that, when the victory is won, and the war ended, there are some who ignore the awful lessons, and who try to defeat the efforts of those who would arouse the country to do its duty. It is true that, as a people we love peace, but there is not a country in the world more eager to begin fighting at once when we make up our minds that there ought to be a fight. One of the most striking evidences of this temper was found in the attitude of the people when a conservative President sent a message to England which made war with that country more than possible. The fact that we were not in any way ready for a struggle with that country, and that, in consequence, a war would have required the needless sacrifice of thousands of lives, had no effect upon the people, and when the cloud had passed, 5 5889no effort was made to be better prepared for the next emergency. In the peaceful intervals between wars, there is no nation on the globe which gives less thought or attention to those questions which must be wisely settled in advance in order to save the waste of life and treasure when war once begins. Other nations have at different times made the same terrible mistake, and England has most nearly approached us. After the peace of 1819 England failed entirely to prepare for the next war, and the terrible experience of the Crimea was the result. At this time, as in every other crisis in the world's history, lack of preparation did not prevent war. When a nation has decided to fight, it is useless to tell a people that they are not ready for a struggle, as to try to check a raging storm. The story of the Crimea is only one of many instances of the culpable neglect by the Anglo-Saxon people of the duty which a nation owes to the brave men who are going to fight its battles. England sent out to the Crimea an army of some 20,000 men; during the first year the casualties averaged nearly 3,000 a month, and after two years, 6 5890more than 21,000 men had been buried, being more than the original number sent out. The reason for this is plainly told in official papers, and will have a strangely familiar sound to American ears. When the English army reached the Crimea, it was without any adequate transports for moving the impedimenta, provisions or ammunition, and it is not an exaggeration to say that as an army, it was practically immovable. The old wagon train, which had been organized by the Duke of Wellington, had been deemed too expensive, and had gone out of existance; to resuscitate it on the breaking out of hostilities in time to be of service was impossible. Mr. Filder was placed at the head of the commissariat, and subsequently said. "None of "the subordinate establishments absolutely necessary to "the efficiency of a field commissariat existed at the "outbreak of the war, and even the officers had to be "collected from the most distant parts of the Empire, "From Sierra Leone, Cape of Good Hope and New South "Wales, and of course by slow degrees. In the "meantime, I had to carry on the duties with the temporary "assistance of gentlemen furnished from other public departments, "and wholly without experience in commissariat 7 5891 "service. This inefficient state of the department "when I took charge of it, necessarily diverted "much of my attention from the more important general "arrangements of the service, to the regulation of the "details." With such a frank statement as to this in regard to a war waged 50 years ago, there can be little excuse for our having both in 1861, and in 1898 put officers holding high and responsible positions in such a situation, that their attention had to be diverted from the "important "general arrangements of the service," to "the "regulation of details," from which they should in time of emergency have been absolutely free. All this lack of adequate preparation was paid for in the suffering of the soldiers; the troops, overworked, exposed, and with short rations and indifferent clothing, sickened and died. In January 1855 there were 4,000 sick before Sebastopol, and 8,000 at Seutari; 9,248 died in the severe winter months, not including those killed in action. This was mainly due to want of transport animals , who had died from want of forage. No adequate Medical Staff Corps existed at the outbreak of the war, and the report of the Select Committee states that, "the 8 5892"suffering of the wounded was produced mainly by the "want of an effective ambulance and partly from an insufficient "supply of surgeons. The men in hospital "suffered from insufficient medical attention, "insufficient medicine, and an absence of medical comforts. "One ray of brightness illumines this dark ray of history; the work of Florence Nightingale, the "lady with the lamp" lightens the shadows of those dark days, and her noble and heroic work amid the sick and wounded, has pointed the way to thousands of self- sacrificing women who since her time have alleviated human suffering. A repetition of the story of the awful cost of inadequate preparation is found in the case of France . During the years 1866-1870 Colonel Stoffel was the French Military Attaché in Prussia, and during those years a series of reports were sent to his Home Government, pointing out in the clearest manner Prussia's readiness for war, her superiority in armament and organization, and supplying adequate information for the betterment of existing military conditions in France. It is needless to say that both warnings and recommendations were ignored. France, unprepared, without proper organization, entered upon a struggle 9 5893with the inevitable result which follows undertaking a great task without proper preparation. After the war she lost to Germany a piece of territory larger than the State of Connecticut, with a population of one and a half millions, and she paid a war indemnity of 5 milliards of francs, or one thousand million dollars, besides the millions of dollars which were levied by the Germans from the Departments and cities which they occupied during the war. And in addition to that, she lost on the field of battle, the very flower of the nation, which could ill be spared. Our history has its ugly record of useless death, of needless suffering, and of wasted treasure. The North was not prepared for the Civil War, and to this fact was due, in a great measure, the long duration of the war, its long list of dead and wounded, and its enormous pension charges, which have amounted since 1861 to $242,359,248,800. This war taught in the clearest manner many lessons in regard to the organization of a fighting force; but despite the most earnest efforts of those men who, from patriotic motives, urged the necessity of profiting by these lessons, little or no interest was taken in any of the proposals to improve the organization of the army, to secure for it a Reserve; 10 5894to adopt an organization for the existing state Forces which would make them effective for national purposes, or to prepare the Medical and other Staff Departments for war. The story of the Spanish-American War has much which Americans must read with pain. For years the tax-payers in all the states had been paying large sums of money to maintain the National Guard or State Militia, and yet when war was declared, no one could tell what was the legal status of that force, or what it could or should be asked to do. Some of the State Forces coupled their offers to volunteer with conditions which seriously hampered the action of the Federal authorities. The National guard of some States opposed with great energy the legislation for increasing the army. There was everywhere doubt and uncertainty as to how the volunteer army should be enrolled, officered and organized for service in the field; some of the volunteers left their States without proper shoes, others did guard duty wearing civilian clothes, and derby hats, and carrying sticks and clubs, while waiting for their uniforms and arms. At Santiago, the Medical, Commissary and Quartermaster Departments were at the outset unable to do their work. 11 5895Even in our own country there were times when the sanitation of some of the camps was disgracefully bad, when the hospital accomodations were inadequate, and when there were not enough doctors or nurses properly to care for the sick; but notwithstanding the fact that lives were uselessly sacrificed, because of inadequate preparation for war, there are certain people who oppose every effort to lessen in the future the needless loss of life, by the question, "Do you want this free country to be dominated by the spirit of Militarism?" Of course no true American wants to see a military spirit dominant in the land. But we should want to have a common-sense answer to the question, "What is it right and wise for us to do for our Army and State Forces?" It is perfectly proper for us to regard with horror those conditions of national life which, in a country like ours, could alone make the danger of militarism real. If a great country saw that its representative bodies were viewed with distrust and suspicion, if it found a widespread conviction among its people that money secretly used was exerting an undue influence in political life, if it saw that its citizens were not intelligently and effectively exercising the right of self-government, there 12 5896would be cause for anxiety, because when a nation's standards of thought and action in its political life are low, the nation's condition is perilous. But it is a truth which no American should ever forget, that so long as our nation is worthy to be free, no armed force can overthrow its liberties. So far from there being any real danger from "Militarism", there is a deeply rooted and practically universal prejudice against any excessive influence of the military spirit, and this is one of our best and oldest race traditions, which for centuries has asserted itself with almost unnecessary aggressiveness, in the history of the Anglo- Saxons. But this should not blind us to the fact that if we are to maintain any standing army at all, and if the States are to continue paying out money for their forces, it is the part of common sense and patriotism to secure for each that organization and training which will make them most effective to do the work for which they are maintained. If we are to have officers, they should be in character, training and capacity the best which the country can produce; if we are to maintain a standing army, whether it be 100,000, 50,000 or 5,000, it should be so organized and trained that it can render the utmost possible service 13 5897in defending the honor, the lives and the property of the people; if the State Forces are maintained with a view to national defense in time of need, there can be no excuse for not devising in time of peace the best plan for utilizing their services; and if it is admitted, as admitted it must be, that the army and the State Forces combined will not be numerically strong enough to carry on any great war, there is no valid argument for not deciding in advance what is the wisest and best plan for expanding our fighting force when such action is necessary. These are only some of the many questions demanding answer; for a nation, like an individual, has many serious problems to solve during the course of its existance. Whether there is a limit to the length of a nation's life beyond which it cannot endure, or whether a people might prolong indefinitely their national life by avoiding those mistakes which have caused the decay of so many great civilizations, we need not attempt to answer here. The centuries of the past are strewn with the ruins of nations which have risen to power, and then have fallen into decay. Egypt, Phoenicia, Assyria, Chaldea, Persia, Greece, Rome, are, as we study the strange history of the human race, 14 5898like so many death's heads at the feast to make nations pause and think; for in every instance the final blow which has destroyed the power of each of these great races has been struck by some more powerful, vigorous, and virile nation, and has been the triumph of brute force, more or less intelligently directed, and in every instance, a tainted public and private life has opened the way for the destroyer. No one can foretell what destiny the future may have in store for us; but we know that our greatest safeguard against disaster, and the greatest help to a position of influence and power is in the virtue of our people, in their love of right, and their hate of wrong, sombined with vigor of mind and body. But all these alone are not enough to protect a country against the needless sacrifice of life and treasure which must result from being unprepared to resist the attacks of a powerful aggressor. That everyone should labor to prevent war is as right and proper as that they should labor to prevent poverty, sin or civil disorder; but it does not protect a city from riot and disturbances to abolish the police, or to maintain it in an inefficient condition, badly organized or improperly trained; it does not 15 5899prevent the spread of pestilence to have an inefficient or incompetent force of sanitary inspectors; it does not lessen sickness or protect from death to have doctors who are not properly educated or adequately qualified, and in exactly the same way it does not conduce to the peace of the world to maintain amilitary force which is badly organized or defectively trained. It is right that every citizen should have his own convictions as to the size of the Army, how much it should cost, how many men should be maintained in the State Forces, and how much money the State should expend for the maintenance of that force, and he is entitled to make every effort to have his ideas carried into effect. But there can be absolutely no excuse for the man who, when it has once been decided how large our Army is to be, contends that it should be badly organized, or that no system or plan should be adopted by which the Militia of the Constitution should be available when the country needs them. Hardly any subject which concerns the American people has been so obscured by irrelevant and illogical arguments as the question of our fighting forces, and some wise and good men have failed to see that those who oppose the efforts which are made to settle in advance the ques- 16 5900tions, which must be decided when war is declared, are directly contributing to the unnecessary loss of life, which inevitably results from lack of preparation at the beginning of a war, and sending into the field untrained officers and men. Let the people make the Army as small as, in their best judgment, they think best, let them, if they think it necessary, reduce the numbers and the cost of the State Forces, and while there is ample room for difference of opinion as to the wisdom of such reductions, at least that course does not in itself of necessity mean defective organization, or inadequate training; whatever may be the opinion of the people in regard to the question of number and cost, there can properly be no ground for a difference of opinion in regard to giving the forces which do exist the best possible organization, and the training which will make them competent to do the work for which they exist. To have an army without a reserve is to-day, to ignore principles which every civilized nation except our own has accepted as fundamental. To maintain at very considerable expense forty little independent armies with differing degrees of efficiency, is to insure confusion at the outbreak of hostilities, which may properly be called a 17 5901disgrace to the country which deliberately pursues such a course. It does not prove that we were patriotic or intelligent that when our war with Spain began, miles of railway cars accumulated on the tracks in Florida, and that a General of high rank, wishing to get certain articles needed by the troops, was compelled to have a number of cars broken open in order to find out where the articles were which were needed. Nor is it entirely worthy of a great and generous people that after they have insisted upon the maintenance of conditions which made confusion absolutely inevitable, that they should attempt to place the entire blame for all that went amiss upon the shoulders of some few men who were only partially at fault for the unsatisfactory working of a bad and defective system. If we should determine to ignore the lessons which experience has taught us, and to enter into our next war unprepared, let us at least have the fairness to put upon our own shoulders that portion of the blame which should properly rest there for our failures and mistakes, and the needless suffering of the sick and wounded. In discussing how we should organize our Army and our State Forces, two important facts should be kept 18 5902clearly in mind, the first is that the strongest argument in favor of getting the best possible organization for the Army, and of giving it an effective and homogenous Reserve, are humanitarium and economic; and the second is that questions of organization and training are entirely independent of the questions of the numerical strength of the forces. The best system of organization should be adopted because it will save the uneless sacrifice of life, the needless infliction of suffering, and the wanton waste of the people's money . Every dictate of humanity demands that the question of organization should be honestly studied and wisely settled. It is, of course, true, as many delight in asserting, that our vast territory can never be occupied by an enemy, and that our enormous population can never be conquered. It is equally true that we have never been beaten, and it is thoroughly characteristic of our race to believe that we never shall be; but all this is entirely wide of the mark. War brings in its train misery and suffering, and the longer any war lasts, the greater will be the misery and suffering. The duration of every war in which we engage, the number of men killed and wounded, the number of stricken homes, and fatherless children, 19 5903and the financial burden which will fall upon the taxpayer, all will be affected by the way in which the question of the organization of the Army and of a Reserve is treated by the people; for this question is the foundation of all preparation for war, and preparation means less suffering, and less cost. It cannot be too strongly emphasized that questions of organization and training are entirely independent of the question of how strong numerically our armed forces should be. Men will differ as to the size of the Army, or the strength of the State Forces, but whether we keep a handful of men under arms, or have a force adequate to our needs, there can be no room for difference of opinion in regard to the proposition that the question of organization should be wisely settled. We always have been and always shall be largely dependent upon our citizen soldiery to fight our battles , and the splendid qualities shown in all our wars by our citizen soldiers only emphasizes what we have always known, that an effective Militia is a force of the greatest value. To adopt some plan by which the machinery for calling to the nation's defense, those citizens who are always ready to render such service 20 5904when needed, so that in time of national peril, the fighting force will be, so far as possible, automatically called into being, is a duty which should be plainly recognized by all political parties, as well as by all of the people. The mere imitation by us of systems which have worked well in other countries would be a mistake which it would be inexcusable to make, for it would be as foolish as it is unnecessary. We should know what other countries have done, and how they have done it, but we should adopt the sustem of organization and method of training and instruction which will best meet our needs and conditions, and in order to find the principles upon which this work should rest, we need not go beyond the Constitution of the United States, that wonderful document in which can be found the basis for every duty which an American citizen should perform. The following pages tell something of the way in which England, Switzerland and Germany have organized their armed forces. The work of preparing this Report has been undertaken and finished with the hope that it might, to some extent, help those who are trying to decide how 21 5905under our political, commercial and social conditions, the best and wisest plan may be formulated for organizing our Army and Militia, and with the still stronger hope that even those who wish to reduce the numerical strength of our Army will admit that it is our duty to decide in time of peace, how we are to organize the forces which are to be our protection if war is forced upon us. 22 5906ENGLAND'S MILITARY PROBLEM: In the present condition of the World's affairs, every nation must decide how it will prepare to meet the awful responsibility of sending soldiers to the field of battle. The most earnest and conscientious advocate of peace must admit that in our day and generation, no country can escape this responsibility, and how to prepare for this work may be called the military problem which confronts every nation. England's problem is unlike that of any other nation, and is the result of conditions which have gradually arisen with the expansion of England's Empire. There is no country in the world, except America, in which national responsibilities are to-day less due to a settled policy than England. Her empire has grown, not because the nation mapped out a clearly defined line of imperial policy, but because the people have followed a race instinct, which has made them expand, just as some strange law makes lower forms of animal life destroy and absorb the weaker organisms with which they come in contact. The only deliberate and carefully thought-out plan for territorial 23 5907aggrandisement which the English nation ever formed, was a dismal failure; when the Edwards, with a defective claim to the throne of France, attempted to make that country a province of the English realm, they wasted blood and money in vain. The great empire of to-day was never planned in advance. There never was a time when any Englishman could have asserted with truth that his nation had determined upon the extension of the imperial domains which took place in the succeeding generation. The inheritance from Norman William, and the great dowry of Eleanor of Aquitaine had brought to the English crown in the reign of Henry second, the entire western coast of what is now called France; but in the years that followed, despite the efforts of the Edwards, the continental possessions passed from English rule. But when Magellan, Vasco de Gama, Columbus and Cabot made their voyages of discovery, the spirit of trade and commerce introduced new conditions of national growth, and unexplored continents became potent factors in the development of the old world. England's condition, almost unconsciously and without any definite and settled purpose, was gradually and wonderfully changed. From 1497 (1) For the dates of the acquisition of territory, see appendix 24 5908when she acquired Newfoundland, to the present day, when she has just extended her rule in South Africa, she has been acquiring by treaty, by purchase, and by conquest, colonies and dependencies, until now there is embraced within the British Empire beyond the British Isles, over 11,000,000 square miles of territory, and a population of about 340,000,000. She is charged with the duty of maintaining her territorial empire and to do this she should be able to resist aggression in any part of her Empire, and at the same time, successfully to defend her Island home from attack. England's home defence is absolutely dependent upon her control of the seas, and it is the clear recognition of this fact which has led the English people cheerfully to spend the enormous sums which have made her navy so formidable. Should the English fleet be destroyed England could be starved into submission, and yet, without the destruction of the fleet, the contingency of an attempt to invade the country cannot be entirely ignored; so that in addition to the fleet, and in addition to the forces which must always be maintained in the colonies and dependencies, there should be a force sufficient in numbers, and adequately trained to protect the country in the case of invasion. 25 5909How England has attempted to meet her great responsibilities must be of especial interest to us in America for many reasons, not the least of which is the fact that in both countries all military and naval service is purely voluntary, and each country has a deep-rooted antagonism to a large standing army, and an innate dread of the development of the military power, of the executive, or of the crown, and last, but not least, the people of both countries have always been most reluctant to pay taxes in time of peace for military purposes. England has adopted certain clearly defined principles in accordance with which she has developed her military power. Starting with the proposition that all military service must be based upon a voluntary contract between the State and the individual, she maintains first an army, the officers and men giving their entire time during the period of their service to their military duties; next she has a militia force, composed of men whose military duties are limited ordinarily to one month in a year, and the in what might be called the third line, she has the Volunteers and Yeomanry, whose military training is obtained during a limited number of evenings in the winter, and a period 26 5910of camp service which seldom exceeds one week. The experience through which England has passed in her South-African campaign has led many people to the conclusion that the principles upon which the English forces are organized must be changed; but as the government and the people have not yet decided what changes, if any, are to be made, it will only be possible in what follows, to describe the existing conditions, and to tell how England met the strain made necessary by the unexpected demand for so large a body of troops in South-Africa. The strength of the army numerically is governed first of all by the number of men which must be maintained beyond seas. As this force must, of necessity, spend only a portion of its time in foreign service, a force equal in number to that which serves abroad is maintained at home for the purpose of supplying the necessary drafts to the foreign regiments, for strengthening them in case of necessity, and for providing at short notice three army corps ready for service either at home or abroad, and capable, from time to time, of sending out such comparatively speaking small forces as may be needed for their distant campaigns. 27 5911It will be seen at once that an army so organized is not adequate for home defense in case of serious trouble. The Militia, a force which is as old as the history of the people itself, is maintained at a strength of about 110,000, composed in its rank and file, much the same class of men which supplied the army with recruits, and officered by men of education and position in their countries. This force can not be ordered for duty outside of the United Kingdom. But this addition does not supply all that is needed, and a force of Volunteers exists numbering in all about 230,00 (1), which up to 1899 has done its military duty entirely without compensation to its individual members. It is composed of professional men, merchants, tradesmen, clerks, and in fact of representatives from all the different occupations and professions throughout the country. This force is not liable to be called into the service of the Crown except in case of threatened or apprehended invasion, and it is not available, as are our State forces, for the maintenance of civil order. The Army is organized territorially, and each regiment is allotted to a district, the Regulars, Militia and Volunteers in each district, constituting what is (1) See appendix. 28 5912known as a regiment, which, as a matter of fact, is merely an administrative organization. The Yeomanry a body of mounted troops numbering about 10,000 (1) are like the Militia and Volunteers only available for the purposes of home defence. It will be seen that under this system, a man who wishes to perform any military service can give such time to his military duties as his business, and personal inclinations will permit. In what follows, there is a historical sketch of the military system, and a somewhat detailed account of the organization of the different forces. (1) See appendix. 29 5913HISTORICAL SKETCH: The plan upon which the armed forces of Great Britain are organized, is the result of the growth and development of a system, the beginning of which, like those of all England institutions, go far back into the past. The influence of the past is everywhere present in England, where among its priceless national treasures are still preserved the Charter granted by Alfred in the year 873, and that still greater Charter wrested from John in 1215, which with the Royal Seal still clinging to the parchment, is one of the foundation stones on which rest the rights and liberties of which English and Americans are to-day so justly proud. Before explaining in detail the present organization of the British forces, it may be of interest to give a sketch of the changes through which the forces have passed in the process of evolution by which they have come to the condition in which they are to-day. THE STANDING ARMY & THE BILL OF RIGHTS: Although the English, like all other nations, 30 5914 have waged wars from the beginning of their history, the Standing Army in Great Britain, as distinctly recognized by the laws of the land, is only about 200 years old. When the Stuarts came back to the throne in 1660 after the Prectorate of the Cromwells, a few regiments were maintained. "Officers were "commissioned to raise regiments, which, as a rule, "bore their names, as: Colonel, the Earl of Dunbarton's "Regiment of Foot; Colonel Edward Lloyd's Regiment of "Foot; Colonel the Earl of Mar's Fusiliers; at the time "very many of these regiments took for their titles the "names of the Sovereign, Queen or Prince." (1) The only regiment of the Parliamentary Army, which was not disbanded after the Restoration, was colonel Monck's Regiment of Foot, organized in 1650, and which became the Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards in 1670. But it was not until 1689, when William and Mary came to the throne, and the Bill of Rights was passed, that the status of the Army was fixed as it exists to-day. The Act begins with the statement that "the "raising or keeping of a Standing Army within the United "Kingdom of great Britain and Ireland in time of peace, (1) See "The British Army, "p.5;line 27. 31 5915"unless it be with the consent of Parliament, is against "the law;" the Bill of rights condemned the action of James II in raising an Army without Parliamentary sanction, and specified the number of men authorized to be maintained. The first Mutiny act was passed when Parliament was startled by the mutiny of the Royal Scots when William appointed the Duke of Schoneberg to be their Colonel, just after Parliament had "without consulting "the Regiment, cooly transferred its allegiance "from James Stuart to William of Nassau." In speaking of this error, Fortescue in his "History of the British Army," says that good came out of evil, for it frightened the House of Commons into passing the first Mutiny Act, as his view of this act and its effect is different from the general idea, I quote what he says: (1) "It is true that the Act was passed for six "months only, and that it provided for no more than the "punishment of mutiny and desertion; but it recognized "at least that military crime cannot be adequately "checked by civil law, and it gave the Army more or less "of a statutory right to exist. But readers should "be warned once for all against the common fallacy that Vol.I, p.335 of Fortescuer's History of the British Army. 32 5916"the existance of the Army ever depended on the passing "of the annual Mutiny Act. The statute simply "empowered the King to deal with certain military crimes "for which the civil law made no provision. "It made a great parade of the statement that the "raising or keeping of a standing army in time of peace "is against the law, but the standing army was in existance "for nearly thirty years before the Mutiny Act "was passed, and continued to exist, as will be seen, for "two short, but distinct periods between 1689 and 1701 "without the help of any Mutiny Act whatever. If, "therefore, the keeping of a standing army in time of "peace be against the law, it can only be said that during "those periods Parliament deliberately voted money "for the violation of the law, as indeed it is salways "prepared to do when convenient to itself. The "Mutiny Act was not a protection to liberty: Parliament "for the present reserved for itself no check on the "military code that might be framed by the King; and the "Act was, therefore, rather a powerful weapon placed in "the hands of the sovereign. Nevertheless, the "passing of the Mutiny Act remains always an incident "of the first importance in the history of the Army, and "the story of its origin is typical of the attitude of 33 5917"Parliament towards that long-suffering body. "Every concession, nay, every commonest requirement, "must be wrung from it by the pressure of fear." Green, in his "History of the English People," "says in regard to this Act: "The hatred of "a Standing Army which had begun under Cromwell had "only deepened under James; but with the Continental War "the existance of an Army was a necessity. As yet, "however, it was a force which had no legal existance. "The soldier was simply an ordinary subject; there were "no legal means of punishing strictly military offenses "or of providing for military discipline; and the "assumed power of billeting soldiers in private houses "had been taken away by the law. The difficulty "both of Parliament and the Army was met by the Mutiny "Act. The powers requisite for discipline in "the army were conferred by Parliament on its officers "and provision made for the pay of the force, but both "pay and disciplinary powers were granted only for a "single year. The Mutiny Act, like the Grant "of Supplies, has remained annual ever since the Revolution; "and as it is impossible for the State to "exist without supplies, or for the Army to exist without "discipline and pay, the annual assembly of Parliament 34 5918"has become a matter of absolute necessity. The "greatest constitutional change which our history has "witnessed was thus brought about in an indirect but "perfectly efficient way." It is not without interest, although quite apart from the subject we are considering, that the Bill of Rights established the"right of the people through "its representatives to depose the King, to change the "order of succession, and to set on the Throne whom "they would." Green says--"All claim of Divine "Right, or hereditary right independent of the law was "formally put to an end by the election of William and "Mary. Since their day no English sovereign has "been able to advance any claim to the Crown save the "claim which rested on a particular clause in a particular "Act of Parliament. William and Mary and "Anne were sovereigns simply by virtue of the Bill of "Rights. George I, and his successors have been "sovereigns solely by the virtue of the Act of Settlement." 35 5919OPPOSITION TO STANDING ARMY: The feeling of opposition to a large standing army was so strong that it was not until 1792, more than a hundred years after the existance of an army was authorized by Parliament, that permanent barracks were provided. "The Army Book of the British Empire" sats; "Parliament invariably refused to provide these "barracks on the ground that it would lead the Crown to "retain an unnecessary number of troops. The "country clung to the old tradition that forces should "be raised for a war, and be disbanded when peace was proclaimed, and it long resisted the creation of an "army prepared against eventualities, to meet the requirements "of defence, to guard national interests, "with a school of technical leadership, and a trained "personnel of men ready for an expansion in time of war." This statement of the feeling of the people towards the Army over a century ago, describes with singular accuracy a feeling which has always been strong in America. The feeling against the Army in England was partly due to the way in which for so many years it was maintained. 36 5920Prior to 1783 the regiment was the important unit and it "was recruited, paid and kept up by a sort "of contract between the Crown and the Colonel. The "latter received through the Regimental Agent the pay "and allowance for the establishment, and made his own "terms as to recruiting through his captains. The "allowance which covered clothing went to the 'stock "purse' of the Regiment, and after settlement of the "year's accounts, the balance was divided among the "captains. The officers thus had a pecuniary interest "in maintaining the Regiment, in preventing desertions, "and waste; but the door was open to fraud, and "false returns. Moreover when there was pressure "for men, as was often the case, recruiting was 'facilitated' "by arrangements for passing into the service "bad characters,men from the criminal and vagabond "classes. During this period soldiers were "allowed to be drafted for foreign service to any regiment, "a measure attended with much hardship. "Fraud on the Government and harsh treatment "of the soldier were for long characteristic of our Army "Institutions. They took a deep root in the memories "of the people, and generated distrust for the "military profession, which is recognizable in a not 37 5921 "inconsiderable degree even to the present day." ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL: The Army , as organized in the reign of Charles II numbered about 5,000 men, consisted of two regiments of Horse, and six of Foot; its affairs were directed by a General-in-Chief-command. "In 1861, a Secretary at War was appointed, " through whom as political Secretary for military business, " the King's commands were issued. But it " was not till about 100 years later in 1783 that with " the passing of Mr. Burke's Act, the Secretary at War " came to be regarded as a minister responsible to Parliament." "As a result of this Act, when the long war " with France lasting from 1793 to 1815 began, the constitution " and organization of the army had been modified. " Regiments had ceased to manage their " financial affairs and recruiting; the power of the War " Office had increased under the direction of the Secretary " at War who was a member of Parliament, and the duties 38 5922"of Commander-in-Chief were assigned to a general officer "whereby a larger measure of continuity was given to "the government and discipline of the Army." The Army Book for the British Empire, from which quotations have been made so freely because of its semi-official character, contains the following statement in regard to the attitude of England during the period immediately following the close of the War, which might word for word be used to describe the attitude of our people at the close of any one of our wars. "The war has been successful, the country was "glad to be rid of military questions, and while chary "of supplies was content to leave military legislation "to take care of itself." Any attempt to improve the organization of the Army was rendered especially difficult by the fact that the "central military administration was weakly "organized, being divided between the Secretary of State "for the Colonies, the Secretary at War, the Commander- "in-Chief, and the Master General and Board of Ordnance." It is interesting to note that Mr. Burke, whose record as a statesman has been of great interest to Americans, saw the evils of this organization of the Military Administration, and that he recommended changes 39 5923which would have done away with anomalies and hindrances of this cumbersome system; and it may be some little consolation to those who in other countries have recommended wise and necessary changes, only to find that their recommendations were ignored, to know that the wise counsel of Mr. Burke was not acted upon until half a century after his death. "There can be no doubt that during the period "of the Long Peace, the service of the soldier had far "too much of a penal character. This was the "period when punishment by flogging was in full force, "sentences of three to five hundred lashes being common, "and this degrading punishment was inflicted in profound "peace for military offenses, which in these days, would "have a light sentence. The tone which this "gave to the service was long-enduring. All "armies are highly conservative institutions and the "enforcement of a severe repressive system, led to the "establishment of a school of thought and treatment "which lasted long after the abandonment of the system "itself had been decreed." There can be little doubt but that the feeling in America of opposition to the Army which has manifested itself with more or less strength at all times 40 5924in our history, is one of our inheritances from the Mother Country; certain it is that many of our people have failed to realize the complete change which has come over the Army in recent years, or to know the excellent person character of the enlisted men who made up our little army of 25,000 at the outbreak of the Spanish War. The time between the peace of 1819, and the beginning of the Crimean War in 1854, has been aptly called by military writers in England, the "dead period," There were no Militia enrolled, no Reserve of any kind, and the Volunteers disappeared. There was little or no interest in the questions which touched the preparation for those emergencies which inevitably arise in the life of every great nation, and the trying experience through which England passed in the Crimean War was the inevitable result of the nation's indifference. I have referred elsewhere to some of the details of that war; they will remind us of some of our experiences during the first years of our Civil War, and at the outbreak of the Spanish-American War. The system of paying bounties on enlistment was adopted, and legal questions arose in connection with 41 5925the enlistments, which resulted in actions at Law. One writer in commenting on those legal proceedings, says that they "interfered as some thought with the morale of the men." In January, 1847, the Duke of Wellington wrote a letter which was published a year later, and which plainly stated the necessity for some action on the part of England to improve their military conditions. It might properly be compared with the letter which Governor Tilden wrote some years ago with reference to our National defences; but it led to no practical result. The letter which called forth at the time of its publication very severe criticism upon the Duke has seemed to me of sufficient interest to justify attaching a copy to this Report. It is especially interesting to us because of the great value which he attaches to the Militia. In setting forth what he considers to be the dangers of the situation he says, "the measure upon which I have earnestly "entreated different Administrations to decide--it is "constitutional and has been invariably adopted in time "of peace for the last 80 years--is to raise, embody, "organize, and discipline the Militia." And he says that if he could have this force to protect the 42 5926country, "I would engage for its defence, old as I "am." It was necessary, however, for the country to have the rude shock of disappointment and surprise which the Crimean War brought, to give it a realizing sense of actual conditions, and even then, just as with us, progress toward better conditions was slow, and, in many respects for a long time unsatisfactory. During this war, England raised a foreign legion, a course which is now generally condemned by the English Military Authorities themselves, and which in all probability will never be followed again. The experience of England was that of every nation which undertakes a great work for which it is not prepared. The Army Book, in commenting on the "painful nature of the experiences met with owing to this unpreparedness," says, "One redeeming feature beyond that of the "high qualities displayed by the troops engaged may be "maintained, and that is the pluck and endurance manifested "by the country at large up to the very end of the contest, "which it was fully prepared to continue, and was "only induced to abandon after much hesitation." In England and America we always have the bravery and heroism of our soldiers to console us when 43 5927we are confronted with the record of mismanagement, but let us remember that it is little to to the credit of a rich and wise people to force its heroes to needless suffering by refusing to take those precautions which would protect its soldiers from useless death and pain. CHANGES IN MILITARY ORGANIZATION: In the years that followed the Crimean War, and Indian Mutiny, a succession of events combined to excite public interest in England, and keep alive the sense of weakness inspired by the Crimean experience, and to point the way to a new order of things. There was a political convulsion of Europe in 1848-49. The bitter feeling in France against England after the plot against the life of the Emperor Napoleon in 1858, the French campaign in Italy in 1859, the Civil War in the United States in 1861, the Schleswig-Halstein War in 1864, the successes of the Prussian Army in the Seven Weeks War against Austria in 1866, and the still more striking successes of the German Armies in 1870-71, 44 5928all emphasized the terrible consequences of military inefficiency, and the penalty which a country pays for neglecting the warning of wisdom. England at last recognized the importance of making a change in its military conditions, and began the creation of what may be termed in its military history, the modern system. With Mr. Cardwell's administration began the modern system in the English Army. The changes which were begun in his time, and which have been in some cases slightly modified, were the system of short service, accompanied by the creation of a Reserve, the creation of the so-called Militia Reserve, and the bringing of the Militia, the Yeomanry, and the Volunteers under the supervision of the War Office. At the same time the administrative work of the Office was greatly facilitated by dividing it into three great departments, Military, Control or Supply, and Financial. Another change of importance accomplished at the same time was the Abolition of Purchase. The system of buying commissions had been operative in the Cavalry and Infantry, but had never been applied in the Artillery and Engineers. This system was abolished in 1871, its abolition being largely due to 45 5929the efforts of Sir George Trevelyan, a name which has a special interest at the present time for Americans by reason of the history of the War of the Revolution, which he is now writing. Under the old system, obtaining a commission, securing promotion, and therefore, though indirectly , the chance of winning distinction were to a large extent matters of money, commissions in the Army having a recognized price which had to be paid before one could be secured. As Mr. Cardwell said in the House of Commons, the Army was practically "in pledge" to the officers. "The selection, or at least, the sifting out of the "officers for higher regimental command-an imperious "necessity--was impeded at every turn by the vested "right of money sunk in the regulation, (and worse still, "in the over-regulation),prices of commissions in expectation "of its return." It is interesting to note that this change was opposed most earnestly by many men who thought that the direst calamities would befall the English Army if the commissions were not limited to men who had money enough to buy them. Possibly the most important feature of Mr. 48 5930Cardwell's reforms, was the introduction of the present short service system, accompanied as it was with the creation of a reserve. (1) Under the Act of 1847, "the great majority of "men served for 21 years, but this was subsequently reduced "to an enlistment for 12. The Act of 1870 "did not change the period of enlistment, but it reduced "the time spent with the Colours, and put the soldier "the balance of his term of enlistment in the Reserve." As the English Military system rests upon voluntary service, enlistment is always based upon an agreement between the soldier and the Crown. The conditions of this agreement are such that the many may enlist for long or short service, and after he has enlisted it is possible under certain conditions, to modify the terms of his original enlistment. (2) The system of short service introduced under Mr. Cardwell's administration of the War Office, was accompanied by the creation of a Reserve Under the Act of 1847, "the great majority of men served for "21 years, but this was subsequently reduced to an enlistment "for 12. The Act of 1870 did not "change the period of enlistment, but it reduced the (1) "The British Army Past and Present, "by General Adye. (2) For length of service and change of conditions of service, see appendix. 47 5931"time spent with the Colours, and put the soldier the "balance of his term of the enlistment in the Reserve. "Now in the Infantry, the soldier serves six years "with the Colours if at home, or seven years if sent "abroad, and the rest of his time he has in the Reserve. "When in the Reserve, no duty is required, the men draw "their pay, and must join their regiments if ordered to "do so." (1) The Army Reserve is divided into four sections, known as Sections A., B., C., and D. Section A. is a special section of 5,000 men, selected from those who are in their first year of Reserve service; the men in this section are available to put the battalions intended for small expeditions on their war strength without calling out all the Reserves. Men of this class receive one shilling a day as Reserve pay. Section B. consists of men who have completed their service,with the Colours, and are working out the remainder of their limited engagement. These men receive sixpence per day as reserve pay. Section C. is composed of men who convert Army service into Reserve service. "This includes "all men whose conditions of service have been (1) "The British Army Past and Present, "by General Adye. 48 5932"varied by the Secretary of State so as to allow them "instead of serving with the Colours during their whole "period of Army Service, to enter the Reserve at once "for the residue of their term of their original enlistment. "Their Reserve pay is sixpence per diem." Section D. is a supplementary Reserve composed of men who, after completing their first period of engagement are enlisted to serve for a further period of 4 years in this class; "men of Section D. on mobilization are to be employed as grooms and drivers." In any branch of the Infantry only men who have been trained as Mounted Infantry or are accustomed to the management of horses are enlisted. The Reserve pay is fourpence per diem. The Reserves have been called out in 1878 in consequence of strained relations with Russia, in 1882 during the Egyptian campaign, as well as in the Boer War, and in every instance the Commander-in-Chief and other officers have expressed the opinion that the system worked well. A more detailed statement of the working of this system in the present war will be given later. Another important change made in 1873, and somewhat modified in 1881 was the adoption of the 49 5933"localization scheme," or the organization of the infantry regiments on a territorial basis, the amalgamation of the Militia with the Line in each district, and the affiliation of the Volunteers in each district to the new for mation of the Line and Militia. The "localization scheme" was the permanent association of each regiment with a certain defined district from which the Regulars were, if possibly to be drawn, but as a matter of fact, the actual identification of a regiment with its district has never been very close, and recruiting is by no means limited to men belonging to the Regimental District. Before this territorial system was adopted, the Infantry regiments were formed and recruited without regard to locality, as is now done in our Army, and they were numbered from one to one hundred and nine, and were known by their numbers, as, the 1st, Foot, or the 60th foot; the only exception to this being the Foot Guards, which were known as the Coldstream, the Grenadier, and the Scots Guards, and the Rifle Brigade, which had no numbers. With the change in 1873, the country was, for the purpose of military organization, divided into districts, England and Scotland were divided into 10 50 5934districts, called District Commands, and Ireland into 3. Each District command was subdivided into Regimental Districts, and each Regimental District had its own Infantry regiment, which, instead of being called by its number as formerly, took the name of the District, and theoretically at least, was recruited from men living in that District. Old regiments were all assigned to the new Regimental Districts; in some cases one regiment only would be allowed to a District, and then divided into two battalions which became the 1st and 2nd battalions of the new regiment. In other cases, two regiments would be assigned to the new District, each regiment forming a battalion out of the new regiment. It may not be out of place to explain here, the relation of the Militia and the Volunteer Forces to these Districts. The Militia was amalgamated with the Line; each Militia regiment becoming a battalion of the new regiment in its District. This change was not finally effected until 1881; a Parliamentary Committee speaking in 1877 of the proposed formation to contain Line and Militia battalions, said:- "Are its "battalions to be looked upon as being united merely "for administrative purposes, or are they to be viewed. 51 5935"as constituent parts of one body? We have no "hesitation in replying that they should be constituent parts of one body. We consider that this is "best to be effected by their being treated as one Regiment, "such Regiment bearing the territorial designation, "the Line Battalions being the 1st, and 2nd, the "Militia Battalions being the 3rd and 4th of such "territorial Regiment, the Depot being common to all." "General Adye, in 'The British Army Past and "Present' says: These opinions of the committee "of 1877 were stated in such plain language, and their "arguments were so convincing in their general scope "as to be almost irresistible. In 1881 their recommendations "were carried out, and are now in full "force." The linking of the Volunteers to the new formation was not so close as that of the Militia, but all Volunteer organizations in each Regimental District were changed into battalions, and for all administrative purposes became parts of the new regiment, being called the 1st., 2n.d, etc., Volunteer Battalions of that regiment. These changes can best be illustrated by giving the facts in regard to certain regiments. 52 5936 On the adoption of the territorial system, the old 1st, Foot was assigned to Regimental District No:1; it was divided into 2 battalions, which became the 1st, and the 2nd battalions of the Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment), that being the territorial name of the regiment in that district. The Militia organization in that district which had been called the Edinburgh Light Infantry Militia became the 3rd battalion of the new regiment, and the five Volunteer organizations in the district became respectively the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Volunteer battalions; the entire force of to Line battalions, 1 Militia battalion and 5 Volunteer battalions, constituting the Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment). The Infantry is all organized in the manner described, except the guards, the King's Royal Rifle Corps, and the Rifle Brigade, which are not organized territorily. The three regiments of Foot Guards have three battalions each, and have no Militia or Volunteer battalions. The King's Royal Rifle Corps have four Line battalions, six Militia battalions, and eleven Volunteer battalions; the Corps is commanded by Field Marshal the Duke of Cambridge, as "Colonel-in Chief," and by General the Honorable Sir A. E. Harding 53 5937as "Colonel Commandant." The Rifle Brigade has Four Line battalions; the Duke of Connaught is "Colonel-in-Chief," and there are two"Colonels-Commandant". The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders was the only regiment which had but one Line battalion, but it was increased to two battalions in 1897, and several two-battalion regiments have since been increased to four battalions. The new territorial names, although in general official use, have not supplanted the old numbers with those who served with the regiments under their former designations, and the change of name was strongly opposed by many who felt a pride in the reputation which the regiments had won when known by their numbers. Each battalion, whether Line, Militia or Volunteer, is commanded by a Lieutenant-Colonel; the Command of the regiment is an honorary distinction held by a General officer, who as Colonel of the regiment has no functions. Each regimental district is under the ecommand of an officer of the rank of Colonel who is called the "Officer commanding the Regimental District." This officer does not command the regiment or any of its battalions, his duties embrace the command of the 54 5938"Regimental Depot, the command, training and inspection "of all the infantry of the Auxiliary and reserve "forces within the regimental district, the superintendence "of the recruiting both for Line, and for the "Militia battalions of the regiment, and charge of the "arms and stores at the Depot." The Depots are distinct from the military posts where the Line battalions are stationed. The Depots consist of barracks for the Line and Militia recruits, quarters for the officers, and such non- commissioned officers and men as may be stationed there, and offices for the dispatch of the administrative businesses of the regiment, including the Militia and the Volunteers. All matters going to a higher authority than the "Officer commanding the District," pass through this office, which is the "headquarters of the regiment." The Line and the Militia recruits all come to the Regimental Depot, soldiers of the Line being sent from there to their battalions as needed, and the Militia men returning to their homes until their first annual training. It will have been seen that a "regiment", is a much larger body in England than with us; it is an administrative organization consisting of to or more 55 5939battalions, each battalion closely resembling in numbers and organization one of our regiments. A battalion is composed of from five to twelve companies, and a company has from 60 to 100 rank and file; the number of men allowed to each company, and the number of companies in each battalion, is fixed each year by the "Establishments" which are a tabulated statement (forming a part of the "Estimates") of the number of men permitted each organization. A full company would number 100 including the Captain, two Lieutenants, called subalterns, one Colour Sergeant, four other Sergeants, and five Corporals. A battalion of six companies would be commanded by a Lieutenant-Colonel and would have one Major ; a battalion of eight companies would have two Majors, and one of the twelve companies, two Liautenant-Colonels, and two Majors. THE CAVALRY: The Cavalry is not organized territorially, but like our own cavalry is recruited entirely independently of the locality. There are 31 regiments; 56 5940three regiments of Household Cavalry, four of Heavy Cavalry, eleven of Medium Cavalry, five of which are lancers, and thirteen regiments of Hussars; the strength of a regiment on war footing is 662. The Artillery is divided into the Horse, Field and Garrison Artillery. The tactical Artillery unit is the battery, but for purposes of administration the Corps is divided into brigades, having eight batteries each. The battery consists of six pieces told off into three divisions of 2 guns each, and into six subdivisions of one gun each. For the organization of the Garrison Artillery, England is divided into 7 districts, Scotland and Wales each form one, and Ireland is divided into two. The brigades of the Horse and Field Artillery are recruited from certain specified Regimental Districts . All the Regular Artillery, including the Horse, Field and Garrison, is called the "Royal Artillery," and the brigades , unlike the Infantry formations, are not "named" but "numbered." The Corps of Royal Engineers is organized and recruited without regard to locality. It consists of one Field Park, one Pontoon Troop, one Telegraph battalion (in 2 divisions,) four Field companies, 57 5941seven Depot companies, five Submarine mining companies, four Survey companies, and twenty Garrison companies, all equipped like the Infantry. The length of the service with the Colours has been determined by the fact that the Army has to do duty in India. It takes, under ordinary circumstances, about a year to get a recruit ready to send to India, and it is generally arranged that he shall have about a year's service at home on his return, sot hat in seven year's service with the Colours, only about five year's service in India is got from each man. It would be unwisely expensive to send soldiers to India for a shorter period than this. Were it not for the necessity of Indian service, there is, I think, little doubt but that the time of service with the Colors would be reduced. Under ordinary conditions the Army is about equally divided between Home and Foreign service, one battalion of each regiment remaining at home, receiving and training the recruits, and sending to the foreign battalion the drafts necessary each year to fill the places of the men who are invalided or whose term of enlistment has expired. 58 5942ARMY SERVICE CORPS: The work which is done by our Quartermaster and Commissary Departments, is in the English service performed by the Army Service Corps, whose duties may be comprehensively described as supplying the Army with the needs of its daily life. Previous to 1870, the Commissariat Department, which was originally a Civil branch, was responsible for the provision, custody, and issue of food, forage, and all consumable supplies, and the military train, which was formed from the Land Transport corps raised during the Crimean War, was charged with the trsnaport duties. Prior to the Crimean War, there existed no organized military service for either of these branches. The members of this Corps are trained at Aldershot and Woolwich, where recruits are sent, and receive their instruction in drilling, musketry, riding, driving, both pairs and four-in-hands, stable management, and care of horses At Aldershot, classes for field bakery and butchery are maintained throughout the year. The clerks in this Corps are trained in turn in the different offices, so that they are familiar with the work in all the branches of the service. 59 5943Officers in this corps receive special instruction, and are required to pass a technical examination based on their instruction and experience before they are promoted. The Corps is classed as combatant, and its officers are, with certain limitations, regarded as regimental officers available for the roster of ordinary garrison duties, and exercising such command as their seniority may involve. The administration of the Corps is vested in the Quartermaster-General, under whose orders, the Assistant Quartermaster-General, Army Service Corps, exercises the functions of a commanding officer at the headquarters of the Corps which are established at the War Office. This Corps is inspected twice each year-- "By an officer deputed by a Quartermaster-General, "usually the Assistant Quartermaster-General, "Army Service Corps, who is generally concerned with the "personnel, horses and equipment, and the uniform observance "of the standing orders. "By a senior officer of the Corps selected by "the Quartermaster-General, with chief regard to the "system of transport, supply and barrack services, de- 60 5944 "tailed in the Regulations for Army Service Corps "duties. "The report of each inspection is submitted to the General Officer commanding, who forwards it with "his remarks to headquarters." In addition to these inspections, Staff Officers, from time to time, inspect the working of the different offices. THE MILITIA: The Militia is a force whose beginnings go far back to the earliest periods of English History ; although the word "Militia" did not come into use until the reign of Charles I, and the force was not put upon its present constitutional basis until after the Restoration. As in America, the theory upon which service in the Militia rests, is that every man must, when needed, render military service to protect the State. The earliest account which history gives of 51 5945our Anglo-Saxon forefathers, tells us that was the right of every freeman to bear arms. "For the "fatherland of the English race," as Green says, "we "must look far away from England itself." In the Peninsula which parts the Baltic from the Northern Sea, and about the district which is now called Sleswick, lived a sturdy race, the basis of whose society was the Freeman; two phrases set his freedom vividly before us; he was "the free-necked man," whose long hair floated over a neck that had never bent to a lord; he was the "weaponed man," who alone bore spear and sword. It was not only the duty of the freeman to bear arms, but it was his privilege; and this privilege has always been so jealously guarded, that in our constitution we find the provision that "a well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed." When the Angles and Saxons came to what is now called England, they brought with them the custom which was to defend his home whenever threatened with attack. This theory of obligation to the State for military service on the part of the freeman, whenever 62 5946such service was needed, has a different times and in different ways been embodied in laws from the days of Alfred until the adoption of the Military Code of the State of New York in 1898. In speaking of Alfred Green says: "What "really lifts him to the level of the world's greatest "men is the moral grandeur of his life. He lived "solely for the good of his people; he is the first instance "in the history of Christendom of a ruler who "put aside every personal aim or ambition to devote himself "wholly to the welfare of those whom he ruled. "In his mouth, 'to live worthily' meant a life of justice, "temperance, self-sacrifice. He set aside at "thirty the dream of conquest, to leave behind him the "memory, not of victories, but of good works and daily "toils, by which he secured peace, good government, "and education for his people. His policy was "one of peace." To those who, in our day, like Alfred, love peace it will be interest to recall that, in order to protect his people from invasion or attack, he provided for the better organization of the Military Service. He foreshadowed that important feature of modern military organization, the localization of the 63 5947forces, by dividing his country into military districts and he maintained the duty which heretofore had rested upon every freeman of joining the host or Fryd, which was divided into two halves each of which took by turns its service in the field, while the other half guarded its own Burghs and Town-ships. The wisdom of his action was shown when the next onset of pirates from Gaul fell on the land. His complete victory after a short war proved the practical wisdom of his course; and the benefits which resulted to the people over whom he ruled proved thus early in the history of the nation, that the ruler pis indeed humane who so prepares his people for an emergency that they can resist the attack of foreign aggression. The Statute of Winchester, the greatest of Edward I's measured for the enforcement of public order, "revived and re-organized the old institution of "National Policy, and National Defence." Every freemen between the ages of 15 and to 60 was to be available to preserve the peace within his own county, or shire, which he was not called upon to leave "save upon "the coming of strange enemies into the realm." This organization of what was really the local militia, bears a close analogy to the present organi- 64 5948nation of our Militia, whose military duties are limited to the States except when called forth by Congress "to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrection, and repel invasion." During the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth, the Statutes governing the military duty of the subjects of the Crown were consolidated and the "Lieutenants of Counties were recognized as the legally constituted Agents through whom, upon threat of invasion, all arrangements for the internal defence of the country were to be made." In the reign of Charles I. frequent disputes "arose between the Government and the Parliament as to "the command of the trained bands of Militia," and it is not at all impossible that the provision in our Constitution which reserves to the States the right of appointing officers in the Militia, was due to the memory of these conflicts between the people and the King, in which King had attempted of the local forces. "On the Restoration, one of the earliest Acts "of the new House of Commons was to establish the "Militia on a constitutional basis. The Militia of each County was placed under the Government and 65 5949"command of a Lieutenant, who was commissioned by the "Crown, and vested with the appointment of all officers, "the Crown reserving the right to commission or displace "them; the force was distinctly local. Statutes "declared what pay the soldier was to receive, and how "he was to be armed; for the purposes of punishment, "he was to be dealt with by the Civil Authorities. "All 'Trained Bands' except those of the City of London, "and their Auxiliaries, were discontinued." It may be noted that these continued as trained bands until 1794, when they were, by Act of Parliament, re-organized as the London Militia. "The Militia thus established on a firm footing "in the reign of Charles II, enjoyed the confidence of "Parliament, and the public far more than did the standing "Army, also established in the same reign. "Yet it is often was jealously watched, and after the Revolution "in 1688, an Act was passed in the second year of "William and Mary for 'raising the Militia for one year' "and for some time this Act became an unusual one." The Militia was called out in 1690 on the occasion of the French invasion, and again during the Rebellions in favor of the Old and Young Pretenders in 1715 and 1745. 66 5950In 1757, the Militia was re-organized, the numbers required were fixed, and obligatory service by ballot was introduced. The period of service was for three years, the limits of age being fixed at 18 to 50 years, and certain exemptions and substitutes were allowed . During the Peninsular War, when as at the present time, there was the necessity for sending a large number of Regular troops abroad, the Militia garrisoned the United Kingdom, and thus the Regular troops were released for service beyond the seas. In 1813 an Act was passed to enable the Militia to serve abroad as Militia, and under this Act, three strong Militia battalions joined the Duke of Wellington's Army in France. Lord Castlereaugh, as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, speaking in the House of Commons on the 11th of November, 1813, stated that during the eight preceding years, the Militia had furnished one hundred thousand men to the Army (or two-fifths of the total number of men raised for the Army) and after paying a high tribute to the force added.-- "Parliament ought "always therefore, to bear in recollection that it is "to the Militia we owe the character we at present enjoy "in the Military Europe, and that without the Militia, we 67 5951"could not have shown that face which we have done in "the Peninsula." I have referred to the entire lack of interest in all questions of military organization in the period which followed the Peninsular War, and prior to the beginning of the Crimean War. During this time both the Local Militia, and the Volunteer force together with the General Militia fell into disuse. The Local Militia has not been raised since 1815, but though the law for ballot and enrollment of Local Militia has never been repealed, it has by an annual vote been suspended since 1815. Between 1815 and 1852 nothing was done towards keeping up the General Militia beyond maintaining an effete permanent Staff. In 1852 the Regular Militia in England was re-organized, and since then it has been encouraged and developed until it is now a very important part of the English Armed Forces. Its theory is conscription, but enlistment in it is entirely by voluntary engagement, the ballot or what we call draft, being suspended annually. The Militia is governed by the Militia regulations, which are approved by the Royal Warrant. 68 5952These are revised from time to time, and contain all the regulations concerning the organization, discipline, pay, equipment, clothing, barracks and so forth of the force. The Militia in the United Kingdom is divided into Infantry, Artillery, Engineers and Medical Staff Corps; under the territorial system, the whole is affilated to the corresponding branches of the Regular Army. Until the year 1876, the administrative work of the Militia force was conducted by special officers, but since that date, it has been administrated by the same staff as the Regular Army. A Staff officer of high rank called the Deputy Adjutant General for the Militia, Yeomanry and Volunteers, watches over the interests of the force. There is no Militia Cavalry. The training of the Militia battalions is now carried out under one or other of four systems, and lasts from 21 to 28 days. (1) Under canvas at the headquarters of Regimental Districts, or in training barracks. (2) In camp at some locality selected with regard to the convenience and wishes of the officers sand men, where it camps by itself, and usually without any other military forces. 69 5953(3) In camp or in vacant huts or barracks at some station, with other Militia battalions, or with Regular troops or with both. (4) In camp or huts with the other units of the Militia Brigade to which the unit is detailed for home defence. This last method was first introduced in 1892, and is generally considered an excellent plan. The Militia Artillery is sent from time to time to the fortresses to which it is told off for deference, and is there taught its proper duties. The Militia Medical Staff Corps is trained at the Army Medical Staff Corps Depot at Aldershot. The regulations for the Militia provide that "the command of the Militia will, in all cases be so "exercised that the respective units shall be led by "their own officers, and that the officers appointed to "inspect them or to command them in brigade, shall not "be junior in rank to any officer of the force so "commanded or inspected." The inspection of Militia Artillery, and of the Infantry battalions, is annually made by the officer commanding the Militia and Volunteer Artillery of the District, and the Colonel commanding the Regimental 70 5954District respectively. APPOINTMENT TO COMMISSIONS: The Lord Lieutenant of a County recommends for the consideration of the Secretary of State for submission to the Queen, the names of candidates for first appointments as Lieutenants, or as they are called in the English service, Subalterns. Candidates must not be less than 17 years of age, and not under 5ft. 4 inches in height, and 33 inches chest measurement. The commanding officers are expected to render the Lord Lieutenant any assistance he may require in the selection of candidates. If the Lord Lieutenant fails to recommend the name of a candidate within 30 days after date of letter notifying him of the vacancy, his right to recommend lapses, and the commanding officer then recommends a candidate to fill the vacancy. 71 5955COMMISSIONS IN THE ARMY: A Militia officer may compete for a cadetship at the Royal Military College, or the Royal Military Academy, and if successful, is required to resign his commission in the Militia The subjects upon which candidates for commissions are to be examined are set forth in the Regulations, and a copy will be included in the appendix to this report. Captains and Field Officers who have served in the Regular forces are eligible to commissions in the Militia. Formerly each unit of Militia had its Medical Officer; no further appointments of this kind are now made, All Medical Officers being commissioned in the Militia Medical Staff Corps, and being detailed from this corps to duty where required. Every Militia battalion has a permanent Staff detailed from the Army, consisting of an Adjutant-- generally an Army Captain-- one Quartermaster, one Quartermaster-Sergeant, one Sergeant-Instructor of Musketry and for each company, one Quartermaster, one Sergeant- Instructor of Musketry, one Color-Sergeant, one Sergeant, and one Drummer, in addition to which there is, 72 5956one Sergeant-Major for the battalion, who is a Militia Non-Commissioned officer. The method of recruiting and the requirements for the recruits are fully set forth in the Regulations. Every Militiamen has a number, which is always quoted before his name in all documents relating to him; these numbers will be noticed in all the lists of casualties sent from the front. Company and regimental books, a list of which appears in the appendix, are required to be kept, and are annually inspected. On appointment, an officer, if an Artillery officer must, during his first year of service, take a two-months course of instruction at the school at Woolwich, and he is in addition permitted to spend two additional month's service with a Line battalion. If in the Engineers, he must be attached to an Engineer School of Instruction, or to a Line battalion for one month, or he may attend the preliminary drill of the recruits of his unit for a period not exceeding 5 months. If in the Infantry, he must either be attached to a Line battalion, or a regimental depot, or he may attend an Infantry School of Instruction, or the Preliminary School of the the Recruits of his unit for a period not 73 5957exceeding two months. An officer on appointment to the Medical Staff Corps, must either attend the preliminary drill of his unit, or the Training School of the Medical Staff Corps for a period not exceeding two months. An officer appointed direct to the rank of Captain, may be attached for a period not exceeding two months to a Line battalion a regimental depot, or company of Garrison Artillery, or may attend the preliminary drill of his unit for instruction, with a view to obtaining the necessary certificates before promotion. Special classes for the instruction of Militia officers are, from time to time, organized at the permanent school fortresses or Army encampments. THE MILITIA RESERVE: The so-called Militia Reserve is not in reality a Reserve for the Militia, but is composed of selected Militia available for the Army in time of war. The quota of men permitted to enlist in the Militia Reserve is fixed, and it is always possible to 74 5958keep this quota full. It is as follows: Artillery, one-third of the authorized number of gunners. Engineers, one-fourth of the authorized number of sappers. Infantry, one-fourth of the authorized number of privates. Medical Staff Corps, one-half of the authorized number of privates. The age limitation and physical requirements for admission to the Reserve, are set forth in the Regulations. When a Militia unit goes into camp, requisition is made upon the chief Ordnance officer in the District by the Commanding Officer of the unit, for articles of camp equipment, and entrenching tools, and the camp equipment, and entrenching tools, and the camp equipment for the hospital use is requisitioned for by the Medical Officer, counter-signed by his commanding officer. The following articles are supplied to each militiaman who attends, and is found medically fit for preliminary drill or training. One pair of shoes in kilted battalions, one pair of boots in other services. 75 5959 Two flannel shirts in all services. Three pairs of socks in the Militia Submarine Mining Corps. Two pairs of socks in other services. One tin of blacking, and tallow in all services. If the requisite amount of duty has been performed, the man is permitted to retain these articles in addition to his pay. All correspondence is conducted as laid down in the Army Regulations, and on requisition to the War Office, Army forms, and books are supplied to the Militia at the Public expense. 76 5960Dec. 21, 1900ENGLAND. THE VOLUNTEERS. The early history of the British Isles tells of many hostile invasions. In the first century B. C. Caesar's legions crossed from Gaul, and to-day the Roman ruins and the Roman names in England still testify to the fact that the conquering invader was there. In the fifth century A. D. Hengist and 76 5961Horsa came at the head of their Saxon and Angle followers, and made England the home of the English people. Three hundred years later, the Danish descendants of the Vikings invaded and ruled the country; and in the eleventh century, a Norman Duke crossed the Channel and founded the kingdom which has grown into the present empire. At the end of the last century, and in the early part of the present one, when the continent of Europe was one vast battle field, invasion was a possibility to prevent or resist which many Englishmen, who, though willing to fight, did not wish to join the Army; but organized themselves into military companies. The first companies were raised in 1778, but "the first definite system on which they were maintained, "was the Act of 1794. In 1798, the force "amounted to 410,000. After the danger of invasion "in 1803 passed away ,the force ceased to exist." It was not, however, until 1859, when the bitterly hostile feeling of the French made invasion seem, not only "imminent, but inevitable," that the Volunteers, as the force is known to-day , may be said to have come into existance. In order to repulse the army which France seemed determine to send across 77 5962the Channel, 150,000 Englishmen were soon enrolled and although the expected invasion was not attempted, the force continued to exist, and has steadily increased in numbers, as well as efficiency, until it now contains about a quarter of a million men, who are sufficiently trained in the simple duties of a soldier to do valuable and effective work, should any foreign power attempt to invade England. The Volunteer force is composed of the following arms. Light Horse. Artillery. Engineers, (including Submarine, Mining, Electrical, Fortress and Railway Corps) Rifles. Medical Staff Corps. The organization, command, duties, discipline, finance, uniforms, reports, returns, correspondence, forms and books of the Volunteer force, are all fully set forth in the "Regulations for the Volunteer Force," which are issued annually. Although the different military units of Great Britain have been organized as parts of one great system, 78 5963and all recognize one supreme authority, yet the duties and responsibilities of each branch of the service, are clearly defined by law. The Volunteers came into existance simply to repel invasion, and they have never had the extent of their responsibilities enlarged. The Regulation expressly declares that they can only be called out for "Actual military service", in case of"Actual or apprehended invasion of any part of the United Kingdom". In case of riots and civil or domestic disturbances the responsibilities and duties of the Volunteers are merely those of all other citizens. The highest military authority in England is the War Office. The Secretary of State for War, a Cabinet Minister, is the head of this Office; he corresponds to our Secretary of War, and bears much the same relation to the Army and its Commander-in-Chief that our Secretary of War does to our Army and its Commander-in-Chief. All soldiers including the Volunteers, are subject to the authority of the War Office, and by a provision of the "Regulations, for the Volunteer Force", "all volunteers, when assembled for drill inspection, "or voluntarily doing any other military duty, are under 79 5964"the command of the officer commanding-in-chief, and "of the general officers of the Regular Forces commanding "in the districts within which such volunteers are "undergoing inspection or doing military duty," and "the "officer commanding the Regimental Depot of the sub- "district is invested with the command of the whole of "the Rifle Volunteers in his district." What the Volunteers can be ordered to do is of course limited by the laws under which they are organized, but in the discharge of their military duties, they are subject to the orders and directions of Army officers in all matters requiring a higher authority than that of the Volunteer officer commanding the battalion. The men who joined the force in 1859 armed and equipped themselves without any Government aid, and were almost without exception, men of some wealth and position, but with the development of the force, its composition has become more democratic. The men now in the Volunteer battalions, like those in our Militia, come from all ranks and classes of society. There are some battalions, such as the Inns of Court, composed almost exclusively of barristers; the Oxford and Cambridge University, composed exclusively of men in the 80 5965Universities, and the Artists, composed of artists and professional men,which have a distinctive individuality, and are composed of men who have a recognized social position; but these are the exceptions rather than the rule. Battalions such as the Inns of Court, and the University Corps, have always maintained their individuality, and some other battalions still contain a number, who in England, would be described as men of high social position. But at present, over two-thirds of the force belong to the "laboring classes". The Volunteers are now organizing under the Volunteer Act of 1863, and are subject to all Regulations made by "Her Majesty's principal Secretary of State for War." A new corps may be formed on the approval of the Queen, and on complying with the requirements set forth in the regulations. The officers commanding the Volunteer Brigades to which reference has been made above are assisted by a staff consisting of one Brigade-Major, one Aide-de-Camp, one staff officer for Administrative, supply and transport duties, one Senior Medical officer, known as a Brigade Surgeon, Lieutenant-Colonel. 81 5966"In the case of actual mobilization for service, "or whenever the various battalions of a brigade "are assembled as a Brigade, they will be under the "command of the officer commanding the Brigade; at all "other times, the dispositions as regards inspection, "discipline, and other administrative work, will be "carried on by officers commanding battalions, through "officers commanding Regimental Districts, and the "General Officer commanding the District. "It is desirable, however, that the latter "should consult the officer commanding the Brigade on "all matters of importance affecting the battalions of "his Brigade generally. "For the performance of executive supply duties, "a supply Detachment will be formed in each Brigade, "composed as follows:- One Captain, as Supply Officer. One Non-commissioned officer as assistant. Four " officers as clerks and issuers. One " officers and three privates as butchers. "and for general purposes each Brigade has a Signalling "Company." 82 5967"For each Brigade a Bearer Company is authorized, "consisting of:- One Surgeon Lieutenant-Colonel, Surgen-Maor or Surgeon-Captain. Two Surgeon-Captains, or Surgeon-Lieutenants . Seven Staff Sergeants, or Sergeants (the senior to act as Warrant Officer .) One Bugler. Fifty three Rank and File. "The training of the Non-commissioned officers "and men will be carried out under the supervision of "the senior Medical Officer of the Brigade." APPOINTMENTS TO COMMISSIONS: Appointments to commissions may be made on the recommendation of the Lord-Lieutenant of a County; the name is sent to the Secretary of State, and by him submitted to the Queen. Candidates must not be less than 17 years of age. Commanding officers are required to render the Lord-Lieutenant every assistance in their power, if required to do so, in the 83 5968selection of candidates for appointment. If the Lord-Lieutenant fails to submit a name within 30 days after the date of the letter notifying him of the vacancy, his power of recommendation lapses, and the Secretary of State directs the commanding officer to make the recommendation; as a matter of fact, appointments are now made on the recommendation of the commanding officer. If it is desired to make an original appointment to the rank of Captain or Field officer, the name must be submitted to the War Office through the General Officer commanding the District, and the reasons for such action must be given. PROMOTION IN THE VOLUNTEER FORCES: Promotion int the Volunteer force is not always according to the regimental system. "In the interests "of particular Corps, Troop, Batteries or Companies, "it will be necessary to promote, or appoint "officers who are not next in seniority, or who have "not served in the lower ranks; the discretion of 84 5969"commanding officers must therefore be exercised in "submitting the names of fit and proper persons. "Appointments made to the command of Volunteer "Corps will be held for a period of four years, and any "extension of tenure will be made for terms not exceeding "four years, but ill only be granted on the recommendation "of General officers commanding districts "who will their recommendations one month before "the expiration of the tenure." A Volunteer officer may be appointed as Aide- de-Camp to the Queen. HONORARY COLONELS: In addition to the officers commanding the different Volunteer corps, each battalion may have an honorary Colonel, who is generally selected for his prominence, or his identification with the Volunteer force. Recommendations for the appointment of honorary Colonels to corps which are commanded by a Lieutenant- Colonel, are made to the War Office, by commanding officers, through the General Officer commanding the 85 5970district. STAFF OFFICERS OF BRIGADES: Brigade commanders are required to submit their recommendations of officers for appointments to the Brigade Staff, through the General Officer commanding the district. Brigade Majors are, if possible, selected from among the retired officer of the Regular forces; but Aides-de-Camp may be chosen from among either retired officers of the Regular forces, or officers belonging to the Militia, Yeomanry, or Volunteers. The Brigade Supply and Transport officer is if possible, taken from one of the battalions of the brigade. The Brigade commander must consult the principal medical officer of the district before submitting his recommendation for the appointment of a Senior Medical Officer. 86 5971INSTRUCTORS OF MUSKETRY: The appointment of Instructor of Musketry must be made from among those officers who are in possession of a certificate from the School of Musketry. VETERINARY OFFICERS: A veterinary officer is allowed for each corps of Volunteer Light Horse, and of Artillery. In other cases a veterinary officer is only allowed on the special authority of the Secretary of State. Every candidate for appointment must be a member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. If duly recommended by their commanding officer, through the general officer commanding the district, Veterinary Lieutenants will, on approval by the Secretary of State, be promoted to the rank of Veterinary- Captains, on the completion of 15 year's service as veterinary officers; and Veterinary Captains to the rank of veterinary Majors on completion of 20 year's such service. 87 5972CHAPLAIN: One actingChaplain will be allowed for each corps; the appointment being made on the recommendation of the officer commanding the corps, to the War Office. These appointments cease whenever the corps is called out for the actual service. ADJUTANTS: The Adjutants, as stated above, are always Army officers. The name of an officer selected as Adjutant "will in the first instance be communicated "through the general officer commanding the district, "to the officer commanding the Volunteer Corps, "in order that he may be given an opportunity of urging "any objection to the appointment should he wish to do "so. "Commanding officers of Volunteers will not "communicate with commanding or other officers of the "army with a view to finding suitable candidates, the "selection of Adjutants rests with the Commander-in- 88 5973"Chief, who will, at all times, be prepared to give "every consideration to any objections which the Volunteer "commanding officer may put forward. "If an Adjutant's service proves undesirable, "he will at any time be liable to be sent back to his "Regiment. "As the public services of an Adjutant are to "be available at all times, an officer holding an Adjutancy "in the Volunteer force will not be allowed to "follow any other profession, or to hold any other "appointment, public or private." EXAMINATION ON APPOINTMENT AND ON PROMOTION: Every Subaltern, Captain or Field Officer in the Volunteer forces when appointed or promoted, will be required to pass an examination as provided for in the Regulations, or to attend a school of instruction and obtain a certificate of proficiency under the rules governing such cases, unless he has served: a) In the Regular Forces, and has there passed the necessary examination, or 89 5974(b) In a similar arm of the Militia, Yeomanry, or Volunteers, and has already passed the necessary examination, or If the appointment is as Captain or Subaltern, if he has served as a Sergeant of the same arm of the Volunteer force, and obtained a certificate. An officer who fails to obtain to a certificate, will be examined again in six months, and in the event of a second failur , he will be required to resign his commission. The subjects covered by the examinations in the different arms of the service are set forth fully in the Regulations. A Quartermaster is required to be examined for a certificate of proficiency in the following subjects. (a) The mode of drawing and issuing ammunition, arms, forage, fuel and rations. (b) The system of packing and loading baggage, so as to facilitate its issue at the end of a march. (c) The mode of drawing and issuing camp equipment. (d) Making out returns, and keeping the books relative to the above. In accordance with the Regulations Act of 1871, 90 5975"the commission of officers are prepared, authenticated "and issued in the same manner as the commissions of "officers in Her Majesty's Regular Forces." An officer who does not attend the number of drills prescribed for the enrolled Volunteers of his corps, to qualify them for certificates of efficiency, will not be allowed to retain his commission unless it should be represented to the Secretary of State that there are special reasons for a relaxation of this Regulation. Volunteers must be natural born, or naturalized subjects of the Queen. Boys between 12 and 17 years of age may, if the authority of the District Officer commanding, be first obtained, be enrolled as Trumpeters, Buglers, or Bandsmen, or for the purpose of being trained as such: all others enrolled must be between the ages of 17 and 49. Every person offering himself for enrollment, is required to pass a physical examination made by the Medical Officer of the corps; the principal points in the examination are sight, he aring, chest capacity, and soundness of heart and lungs. The Volunteers, like members of the other 91 5976forces , receive a number on enrollment, which is always entered against their names in the muster rolls. Officers and men who attend the specified number of drills, and are present at the annual inspection, and in the case of an enlisted man in the Infantry, have attained a specified proficiency in target practice, are termed "efficients", and receive the annual capitation grant, which is five pounds, for the Submarine Miners in the Engineers, four pounds for the Electrical Engineers, and thirty five shillings, in all other arms of the service. The Artillery, which is all Garrison Artillery, is ordinarily drilled and trained in the forts to which the different Artillery units are alotted. The gun practice of the Volunteer Artillery, is ordinarily drilled and trained in the forts to which the different Artillery units are allotted. The gun practice of the Volunteer Artillery, is ordinarily drilled and trained in the forts to which the different Artillery units are allotted. The gun practice of the Volunteer Artillery is always carried on under the superintendence of an officer of the Royal Artillery, an Adjutant of the Volunteer Artillery, or an Officer of the Volunteer Artillery, who holds a certificate of proficiency and a certificate of competency to superintend gun practice. 92 5977RANGES: There has been great difficulty in securing adequate rifle ranges for the Volunteers, and the question of increasing the facility for target practice is being seriously considered at the present time. The Adjutant of each battalion is responsible for its musketry training, and it is his duty to see that it is carried out strictly in accordance with the Regulations; and he is responsible for the accuracy of the registers and returns. GYMNASTIC AND FENCING INSTRUCTION: Officers and volunteers are permitted under certain conditions to receive instruction in gymnastics and fencing in the Military Gymnasia, provided they obtain the approval of the officer commanding at the Station. The regular Sergeants who give the instruction are paid at the rate of one shilling a lesson of one hour, for each class not exceeding fifteen. March-outs, or encampments, are in some cases 93 5978with the Regular forces, and are allowed once each year. SCHOOL OF INSTRUCTION: Volunteers are permitted to attend classes for instruction at regular Military Schools of Instruction. At the conclusion of the course, each officer who passes a satisfactory examination, is granted a certificate, and is entitled to have the letter P. S. placed opposite his name in the Army List. In the case of those officers who obtain 90 per-cent of the marks allotted in each subject, both in the practical and written tests, the certificate will be marked in red ink with the word "specific." In addition to the instruction given at the Military Schools, where each arm has an opportunity of going to the special school for its branch of the service, any Volunteer officer, except a Light Horse, may be temporarily attached. To the Royal Artillery for any period not exceeding three months. 94 5979(b) To a company of the Royal Engineers for any period not exceeding one month . (c) To Infantry regiments of the Regular Army, or to a regimental district, for any period not exceeding one month. (d) To units of Militia for the annual training period of 28 days. While so attached they receive five shillings a day when actually traveling, ten shillings a day if Submarine Miners, or Electrical Engineers, and eight shillings a day in the other arms of the service. This grant is in lieu of pay. At the conclusion of the course of instruction, an officer is examined by a board, and if found qualified, receives a certificate, and has the letter P. placed against his name in the Army list. Officers may present themselves for examination in Tactics, Military Law, Field Fortification,Military Topography, and Organization and Equipment. Certificates are granted for successfully passing these examinations, and any officers who passes in all the subjects in which he may be examined within five years, is entitled to have the letter Q.opposite his name in the Army list, if he is Captain or a Field 95 5980officer, and the letter q. if he is a Subaltern. Officers may also present themselves for examination in Russian, Turkish, Arabic, Persian, and German at the same time and under the same conditions as officers of the Regular Army. Officers who pass a satisfactory examination in the Military School of Instruction at Woolwich, or who have previously served and qualified in the Royal Artillery, will have the letter A. placed against their names in the Army List. BAND: All bandsmen present on parade in Volunteer uniforms must be enrolled Volunteers. Bands are not permitted to appear in uniform for any purpose without the consent of the officer commanding the corps to which they belong 96 5981COMMAND: "The command of the Volunteer forces will in "all cases be so exercised that the Volunteers shall "be led by their own officers, and that officers "appointed to inspect or command such force, whether "alone or joined with the Regular forces, shall be "senior in rank to a every officer of the force commanded "or inspected." DUTIES IN AID OF THE CIVIL POWER: The civil authority is not in any case entitled to call upon or order Volunteers to act as a military body in the preservation of peace. All British subjects are bound, in the case of riots, to use all reasonable endeavors according to the necessity of the occasion, to suppress and quell such riots. Members of the Volunteer force are not exempted from this general obligation ,and they may, in common with all other citizens, be required by the 97 5982civil authority to act as Special Constables for such purposes, but they must not wear their uniforms when acting as Constables. In riots and disturbances not amounting to insurrection, and not having for their object the commission of felonious acts, or the subversion of the civil government, members of the Volunteer force, if employed as Special Constables should be armed with the ordinary Constable's staff. In cases of serious and dangerous riots and disturbances, the civil authority may require all citizens, including members of the Volunteer force to arm themselves with weapons suitable to the occasion. In the event of an attack upon their store- house, or armouries, members of the Volunteer force may combine and avail themselves of their organization to repel such attack, and to defend their store-houses and armouries, and if necessary to use arms. DECORATIONS: Volunteer officers having 20 year's service 98 5983 may be granted a decoration called, "A Volunteer Officer's Decoration." Medals and decorations given by a foreign sovereign may be worn if permission has been granted by the Queen. PURCHASE OF LAND: Under very carefully guarded conditions, Vol- unteer organizations may secure permission to purchase land for military purposes, and in some cases loans are made by the Public Works Loan Commissioners, for the purpose of making such purchases. INSPECTION: The inspection is the only compulsory duty which a Volunteer has to perform; sickness or urgent private business, is the only excuse permitted. 5984 99If sickness is the excuse, a certificate of the Medical Officer must be offered. If a member of a Volunteer force is absent from inspection without leave, the commanding officer is bound to return him as non-efficient, and the corps thus loses the grant which is paid for "efficients." The commanding officer can have the member summoned in the County Court for the purpose of collecting the grant, which the Volunteer must pay. ENLISTMENT: The obligation which is incurred by a Volunteer when he has enrolled in the force, is only for home defence, and it carries with it no obligation to serve abroad. There has never been any effort during the war to secure distinct units from the Volunteer force for foreign service. The method of selecting volunteers to form the companies which have gone from many of the Volunteer battalions, has been largely left to the discretion of the commanding officer, who has in every instance, taken care to 100 [* 5985*]enlist only those men whose conditions and circumstance were such that they could properly go on foreign service. Until the War in South Africa, Volunteers had not been paid. All the Government did was to supply them with rifles, which are the same as those issued to the Regulars, and to give the corps a capitation grant, and certain allowances for those men who were "efficient", but this money was used by the corps, and did not go to the individual members. The course followed by the Government in regard to paying the Volunteers who were on duty in England during the South African War will be explained later. Officers and men have to be uniformed and equipped in accordance with the Regulations, and the capitation grant and allowances are used by the different organizations to meet this and other necessary expenses. Each battalion has a Finance Committee, which expends all the money received from the Government in the form of capitation grants, and which renders annually an account of the transactions to the Accountant-General of the Army, by whom these accounts are very carefully scrutinized. 101 [*5986*]EMERGENCY PLAN OF 1900. The plan ordinarily followed for the training in camp of the Volunteers has been described above. In the year 1900, partly owing to the absence of so many re- gular troops in South Africa, an emergency plan was adopted under which arrangements were made for the train- in camp of the Volunteers for a period of from 14 days to one month. It will be borne in mind that under the existing law Volunteers cannot be ordered out except in case of actual or apprehended invasion; and as there was no apprehension of such an event, it was necessary to leave the question of whether or not they would go into camp, entirely with the Volunteers. It was de- cided that when 50 per-cent of any Volunteer corps came into came for a period of 14 days, that an allowance of two guineas per man should be paid to the corps. The instructions issued by the War Office for the train- ing of the Volunteers and of the Militia are given in the appendix. [stamp] 5987 101 "a"ORGANIZATION OF FORCES FOR THE PRESENT WAR. On the outbreak of the War, the British land forces consisted of. 1. The Army and the Army Reserve. 2. The Militia, and the so-called Militia Reserve, in reality a reserve for the Army. 3. The Volunteers. 4. The Yeomanry. The Army and its reserve and the Militia Reserve when called out to join the Army battalions, were available for service in any part of the world. The Militia and the Yeomanry and the Volunteers were, by the terms of their enlistment, and the law governing their extistance, only available for home defence. ARMY RESERVE: The general character of the Army Reserve, and of the Militia Reserve has been described above. It will be noted that Section A. of the Army Reserve which is a small portion numbering in January 1899. 102 59881,360, was available for service outside the United Kingdom whenever warlike operations are in preparation or in progress ; the power of calling them out is exercised by Royal Proclamation. The exercise of this power must be reported to Parliament, as soon as may be, but there is no necessity of calling Parliament together for the purpose of sanctioning such action. The remaining sections of the Army Reserve are only to be called out in case of "imminent national danger, or of great emergency". The Queen is privately advised by her Ministers that such a condition exists, thereupon issues a Proclamation ordering the Secretary of State for War to give the necessary directions from time to time. The Secretary of State for War to give the necessary directions from time to time. The Secretary of State is not compelled to call out the whole Reserve at once, but in virtue of the Proclamation, he can call out any portion of it as occasion may demand. At the same time, Parliament, if not sitting, must be summoned to meet within 10 days. Section D. of the Army Reserve which has been described above, cannot be called out until the whole of Sections A. B. and C. have been called out. 103 5989It is in contemplation, however, to abolish this rule, which has been found inconvenient. The reason for abolishing this rule is as follows: The Reservists should preferably be sent to their old regiments; but it may happen that the Reservists of Sections A B. and C. of particular regiment will all be called up before the Reservists of other regiments in these sections: under the present Regulations it then becomes necessary to call up all the remaining Reservists of A. B. and C. who are not at the time wanted, in order to get the Reservists of Section D. of the particular regiment for which they are needed. THE MILITIA RESERVE. The procedure for calling up the Militia Reserve is similar to that in the case of Sections B.C. and D. of the Army Reserve; it may, however, be called up independently or concurrently with any of these sections. 104 5990PROCEDURE IN THE CASE OF THE PRESENT WAR: At a date not made public, Her Majesty's Government advised her that a case of great emergency had arisen; accordingly on October 7th, 1899, she issued two Proclamations, one summoning Parliament, to meet on October 17th, and the other ordering the Army Reserve to be called out, and directing Lord Lansdowne to take the necessary steps for calling out all, or any of the men belonging thereto. Copies of the Proclamations issued by the Queen, calling out the Army Reserve, summoning Parliament, and also a copy of the Proclamation by which men who would otherwise be entitled to be transferred to the Reserve, were continued in service with the Colors, are in the appendix. The force which was originally thought adequate for the South African Expedition consisted of one army corps, and two Cavalry brigades, with seven battalions for the lines of communication, altogether about 47,500 men. It was fixed at this comparatively low figure because the garrison of South Africa had already been raised to a total of about 25,000 men, and in addition it was intended to form local corps to a considerable extent. 105 5991On October 26th, Her Majesty took a further step of ordering the embodiment of the Militia, and the calling out of the Militia Reserve, which was done by a proclamation in accordance with the requirements of the law. Copies of the two proclamations will be given in the appendix. The soldiers of the Militia Reserve were not called up en masse, but individually, as required to complete the strength of the Regular battalions ordered for foreign service. In all about 8,000 out of 30,000 were posted or, as we should say, sent to their Regular battalions, and the remainder were left to take their places in the embodied Militia battalions. The whole of the reservists necessary for the original field force were called up on October 7th, and ordered to report themselves by October 17th; three days later, October 20th, the first unit sailed for South Africa. From that date sailings were continued; indeed, the whole force might have embarked on October 20th, had there been enough transports to take them. The following table gives the particulars as to all the reservists called out between October 1899, and 106 5992March 1900. PERCENTAGES OF RESERVISTS CALLED OUT. (1) Reported 97.91 (Fit 89.54 (Unfit 8.37 (2) Absent 2.09 (With leave .15 (Without leave 1.94 FOREIGN SERVICE OF MILITIA BATTALIONS. (1) The Militia being organized for home defence, and there being no provision in law for ordering any member of the force to do duty beyond seas, it was necessary to secure the members of this force by a voluntary enlistment. When it was recognized that the original expeditionary force was not sufficient, it was decided to give certain Militia battalions the opportunity of volunteering. These battalions were selected by the War Office, and the officers and men were asked through their commanding officers if they would volunteer for service abroad. Each officer and each man was asked this question individually. No member (1) (See Militia Act 1882,Part III,Sec.12.and Reserve Forces and Militia Act 1898) 107 5993of the force can be compelled to volunteer and no person who does not volunteer can be taken abroad. Amongst the battalions thus selected by the War Office , there was one Scotch battalion recruited almost wholly from fishermen who were unable to leave their vocation without exposing their families to the risk of privation. In this and in one other battalion, only about forty percent of the men volunteered. The services of these battalions were, therefore not accepted; in all the other cases, practically all the officers and men volunteered, the few who did not were left behind hen the battalion sailed. The Militia battalions were not called upon to volunteer at the same time, but at successive dates as they were required. Fourteen days from the date of volunteering was reckoned to be sufficient to prepare for active service, and this estimate proved to be correct. The total Militia force thus organized for foreign service numbered 19,463, made up as follows: Infantry 18761, Artillery 650, Engineers 52. One rather curious feature of the Militia organization was the fact that under the Militia Act of 1882, Part III, as amended by the Reserve Forces and Militia Act of 1898, no re-enlistment is necessary for foreign service. 108 5994The original enlistment comtemplates the possibility of foreign service, and when the officer or enlisted man volunteers and enters upon foreign service, he bears exactly the same reference to the Government as he occupies each year during the annual training at home, a position identical with that of the Regular Army. VOLUNTEERS AND YEOMANRY. (1) Neither the Volunteers or the Yeomanry were called out. The Volunteers cannot be called out unless an invasion of the United Kingdom is apprehended. The Yeomanry may be called out whenever an order for the embodiment of the Militia is in force, but this power was not exercised during the Boer War. Both forces are intended for defensive purposes only. Although the Volunteers, as such, were not sent to South Africa, it was decided that a company of Volunteers might be furnished for each Regular battalion in South Africa from the Volunteer battalions affiliated to it. These companies were selected from the (1) (See Volunteer Act 1863, the National Defence Act 1888.) 109 5995fittest among among those individual Volunteers who offered themselves for foreign service at the invitation of the commanding officers of the various battalions. The result of this plan was that every Infantry battalion in South Africa to which Volunteer battalions are affiliated( i.e. all but the Guards and Irish Regiments) had attached to it a company of Volunteers. A special arrangement was,however, made in the case of the London Volunteer battalion by which they were allowed to furnish a complete unit, the city Imperial Volunteers, 1,573 strong. These men were all specially enlisted for twelve months, or the period of the war, and the officers given temporary commissions. This was necessary because Volunteers do not engage to serve abroad, and the officers commissons are not valid out of the United Kingdom. The officers and men of these service companies were placed, for the time being, in exactly the same position as regular soldiers. The Yeomanry were differently dealt with. Owing to the nature of the war in South Africa, it was considered advisable to send out a much larger force of mounted men than was originally contemplated; it was, therefore, determined to use the existing force of 110 5996Yeomanry as a basis, turning them from Cavalry into Mounted Infantry, and giving an opportunity not only to existing Yeoman, but also to Volunteers and civilians, who satisfied the requirements of the service demanded of them, to enlist in the corps of Imperial Yeomanry. The existing regiments of Yeomanry became recruiting and training depots for companies of the new corps each 116 men strong. The companies thus formed were then organized into regiments of four companies, and these regiments were brigaded in South Africa. Full details of the raising, organization, and equipment of the corps are given in the Army Order on the subject. (1) The men were specially enlisted for twelve months, or the period of the war, and the officers temporarily commissioned; all ranks thus being placed--as in the case of the Volunteers-- on the same footing as the Regular Army. INDEPENDENT CORPS. It is, of course, an axiom that a force, other than the Regular Army, which does duty beyond seas (1) See appendix. 111 5997most volunteer for this service, and when England found that its needs in South Africa would exceed the number of men who could be taken from the Regular Army, the organization of new units became a necessity. Two forces were, therefore, organized, and with the approval of the Government, the work of getting the man ready to take the field, was entrusted to the efforts of committees of citizens. The City Imperial Volunteers was a force raised in the City of London, Sir Alfred J. Newton, the Lord Mayor, taking an active and efficient part in raising the funds and equipping the men. The reports of the various committees have been published, and give in brief a most interesting account of the way in which this work was done. Experienced and competent officers and civilians were placed on the different committees; the men were taken largely from existing Volunteer organizations, and a picked force of 1585 officers and men was speedily enrolled and equipped. The first conversation which the Lord Mayor had with the Commander-in-Chief in regard to the organization of the corps, was on the 15th of December 1899, and the actual work of organizing the regiment began on the 20h of December. The report of Colonel Boxall says. 112 5998"The regiment was born on the 20th of December 1899 by "Lord Wolseley's letter of that date, and christened "on the 6th of January 1900 by the Royal Warrant, but "yet the Mounted Infantry under Colonel Cholmondeley "were engaged in a successful fight at Jacobsdal on "February 16th, 7,000 miles away? A copy of the report telling in detail how this work was carried out, is annexed hereto. The Imperial Yeomanry was a force raised by the efforts of a committee formed for the purpose of organizing and equipping a mounted force; the members of this force did not come exclusively from the existing Yeomanry, but any man who gave promise of making a good soldier was taken. Besides there, two independent corps were raised quite unconnected with the Imperial Yeomanry, "Lord Loch's South African Corps", and "Lovat's Scouts". Lord Loch's corps was composed of men with colonial experience, got together in England with the approval of the War Office, and sent out to the Cape to be enrolled there in connection with one of the South African Corps of Irregular Horse. It was in fact a Colonial Corps, recruited in England under Colonial conditions, and with the equipment of which the War Office 113 5999at home was not directly concerned. "Lovat's Scouts", were a corps of Scotch gillies, raised and equipped by Lord Lovat under the supervision of the War Office. They formed a unit by themselves and were paid at Army rates like the Imperial Yeomanry. PAY. The troops in South Africa were paid at two different rates. 1. The whole of the Imperial Forces, consisting of Regular troops, Militia, Volunteers and Imperial Yeomanry, together with all the contingents furnished by the self-governing colonies outside of South Africa, were paid at Army rates, i.e. for private soldiers, 1 shilling a day in the Infantry, and 1 shilling 2 pence in the Cavalry. Every soldier in time of peace receives three-pence a day, messing allowance in addition to 1 shilling pay. In war he retains this allowance, and since all his food including extras, is supplied gratis, his pay is really 1 shilling 3 pence, although 114 6000for convenience in account keeping it is still credited under the two heads. 2. The troops in the service of Natal and the Cape Colony, and those irregular corps which were raised locally for the purpose of the war were paid at slightly varying rates, averaging a little more than 5 shillings a day for a private, alike in the Infantry and Cavalry. The proportion of this pay which will eventually be contributed by the Imperial and Colonial Government respectively, has not yet been decided. Temporary arrangement were made which will, probably, be revised later. The adoption of a uniform rate of pay for all parts of the Empire is a suggestion in regard to which no final decision has yet been reached. As has been explained, the Militia Reserve consists of men who enter into a special contract with a Government by which in consideration of a small payment each year, they assume the obligation of going into the Army for active duty anywhere, whenever called to do so. It has been suggested that a somewhat similar plan might be adopted in regard to the auxiliary forces generally, in order to get men who would me immediately available for foreign service; that is, like the Militia Reserve, they would 115 6001in return for the payment of a certain sum each year, hold themselves in readiness for foreign service when called upon. It has been suggested that such an arrangement might be made between the Imperial Government, and the members of the auxiliary forces in the self-governing Colonies; thus forming a great Imperial Reserve for the Army. Any such contract with the members of the auxiliary forces, either in England, or in the Colonies, would, of course, include an agreement as to the rate of pay which the men would receive while on foreign service, and this rate of pay should be uniform. A proposition to apply this principle to the English Volunteers was rejected by the Commons in 1900. COLONIAL CONTINGENTS. Officers were made by the various Colonial Governments, to raise, equip, and place in the field in South Africa certain specified forces, these officers were accepted by the Colonial Office. On arrival in South Africa, the Colonial forces practically became a part of the Regular Army for the period of war. If anything was lacking in their 116 6002equipment, it was made up for them. The various units provided by each Colony, where more than one was sent, were not necessarily kept together. THE ROYAL RESERVE BATTALIONS. Class D of the Army Reserve, has not been maintained at a large numerical strength. This was partly because of a desire not to increase unduly the expense of the Reserve, and partly because after 5 year's absence from duty, soldiers may not thoroughly efficient. As an emergency measure, men who had served 12 years, and who had been eligible for admission to Class D of the Reserve, but who had not been encouraged to join the Reserve, were, by Royal Proclamation, invited to join what are called the Royal Reserve Battalions. Like all military service in Great Britain, this action on the part of the men was entirely voluntary. They are given twelve pounds on joining, which is equivalent to two year's pay at six pounds a year, which they would have received had they entered Class D; in addition these men were promised twelve pounds 117 6003each when the battalions were disembodied. It was stated that this additional bounty of twelve pounds was offered because the men were asked to volunteer for service at home. Had the service asked for been in South Africa, no additional bounty would have been needed. It is possible that in the future, Class D of the Reserve will be maintained at a greater numerical strength. A few words of general character should, perhaps, be added. It will be noted that the British Military System, as it exists to-day, dates from Mr. Cardwell's administration. The fundamental principle introduced by Mr. Cardwell was short service, and a Reserve, accompanied by the localization system, and the closer association of the auxiliary forces with the Army. One battalion of each regiment was supposed to be on foreign service; about 75,000 men being needed for India, and 45,000 for other parts of the world. The second battalion of each regiment was at home, and constituted the home army, which was supposed to be capable of furnishing at any time, two army corps for foreign service, or three army corps for home defence. 118 6004The auxiliary forces being relied upon to supplement the Army in this work. As a matter of fact, the establishment was never kept up to its full strength, so that, when the last war broke out, there was not at home the force contemplated under the principles of organization as adopted in Mr. Cardwell's time. Ever since the changes were introduced by Mr. Cardwell, the question of the so-called short service, and Army Reserve has been much discussed in England, and there have always been those who maintain that the long service system was preferable. But the present war has justified the wisdom of Mr. Cardwell's action. The Army Reserve has been of very great value, and the advantages of a Reserve are now admitted by everyone. It is proper to refer to the work of the Transport Department of the Admiralty, and of the Army Service Corps. Everyone admits the admirable work of the Transport Department, and the reports of all the attaches who have watched the embarkation of troops for the front have united in commending the excellent way in which the system has worked. On the general subject of the transportation and supply of the Army, certain 119 6005statements made by Colonel Sir Howard Vincent in an address delivered by him before the Royal United Service Institution, immediately after his return from South Africa, will be of interest. He calls attention to the "enormous distances which have to be overcome "in South Africa, the hundreds and hundreds of miles "with great difficulty of inter-communication." He says, "In examining the present campaign, remember "always that your armies have been--are--fighting in a "country which can furnish next to nothing, except, perhaps "a few cattle, decimated by rinderpest, over 6,000 "miles away by sea, and then between 700 and 800 miles "of land, served only by a single railway, and that only "up to a certain point." "Or to put it in another way. You stsart "from Calcutta, you land at Marseilles, and you are "fighting at Hamburg, shorn of all resources, and you "have lines of land communication of over 1200 miles to "protect. THE FEEDING OF THE ARMY. "To every British soldier in the field has to be 120 6006"conveyed every day for necessaries no less than 6-1/4 "pounds avoirdupois, of which 1-1/4 pounds, are for cases "tins, etc., leaving 5 pounds net. For every "native follower 3 pounds. For every horse 12 "pounds has to be brought up, and for every mule 8 "pounds. "You may take it that in round numbers the Field "Force in South Africa numbers 200,000 British Troops, "with 50,000 Camp Followers. This is a quarter of "a million persons, with 40,000 horses, and 30,000 mules "who have to be provided for upon this scale. The "total is absolutely appalling. It means the "daily conveyance of over 600 tons of necessaries for "the troops, for camp followers, and for animals. "The forethought necessary for the purchase of these "enormous stores is great. The calculations must "be made months ahead. But it is small compared to "the difficulties of sea and land transport. Yet "so smoothly have things worked, so admirably have "been the arrangements, that not only have supplies "never been short, but there has been scarcely a difficulty "about a single meal, save on the loss of a convoy. "I do not hesitate to say that no great "army in the field has ever been so well fed, and with 121 6007"such extraordinary regularity. "Honor to whom honor is due. The credit "for this state of things rests in part with the authorities "at home, in part with the Transport Department of "the Admiralty, but most of all with the Army Service "Corps, and the organizers of the Army Transport. "It is a duty to pay homage to this service, whose labor "is greatest, whose opportunity for distinction is least, "but upon whom depends the fighting efficiency of the "soldier, more than upon armament, and more than upon "leadership, for if it fail, both guns and generals are "useless. "The troops in South Africa have received as a "daily ration per man: 1 pound of fresh or preserved "meat (increased to 1-1/4 pounds when the supply of "cattle has been abundant,) 1-1/4 pounds of fresh bread, "or 1 pound of biscuit, flour or meal, 1/2 pound of potatos "or other fresh vegitables, or 1/4 pound of onions, "or one tin of pea soup, 1 oz. of chocolate, 2/3 ozs. "of coffee, or 1/3 oz. of tea, with 3 ozs. of "sugar, 1/2 ozs. of salt, and 1/36 oz. of pepper, and "12 ozs. of jam or marmalade a week. "In addition to this, spirits and lime juice "have to be carried for issue as the Commander-in-Chief 122 6008"may direct, and hospital diets of arrow-root, bovril, "brandy, calf's foot jelly, champagne, cocoa paste, "corn flour, roast fowls, condensed milk, extracts of "meat, port wine, etc., besides a large quantity of disinfectants. "These stores, independently of tents, "clothing, arms, and ammunition, have to be conveyed "not alone by sea, but also along a single line of railway, "both in Cape Colony, and Natal, and then ox "wagon and mule transport." It is needless to say that the present war is likely to produce many changes in the organization and treatment of the auxiliary forces; just what these changes will be, no one is at the present moment able to say. Parliament has just increased materially the amount of money which will be paid this year to the Volunteers, and the question of their training is being very carefully considered by officials at the War Office and by all who are interested in the force. A very serious question in connection with calling the Volunteers out for any length of time,is the relation of the force to the business interests of the country, and the attitude of employers towards the pro - 123 6009posed increase of time spent in camp. EASTER FIELD EXERCISES. Under ordinary conditions the Government encourages the Volunteers to go out at Easter in considerable numbers for training in the field, and for practice in executing manoeuvres, and they are given a grant for the time thus spent. In 1900 the Government adopted what it called an emergency plan, the object of which was to secure the attendance of the Volunteers at camp or garrison at some time during the Spring or Summer for a period of one month, if possible. The capitation grants which were to be paid the corps were based upon a minimum attandance of 14 days, with extra compensation in the case of officers or men who stay out longer. In 1900 no grant was given to the corps which went out at Easter, unless their work was supplemented by a course in musketry, and a battalion like the London Scottish, which was unable by reason of lack of range accomodations to go through this course, received no grant for the time it was out at Easter. 124 6010The time at which the different Volunteer corps went go into camp was , so far as possible, be arranged to suit the convenience of the members of the force. Notwithstanding the fact that no allowance was made by the Government to Volunteers going out at Easter, a number of corps did arrange for field exercises at this time. The London Scottish, officially known as the 7th Middlesex, being the first Volunteer battalion of the Rifle Brigade,(The Prince Consort's Own,) and the Inns of Court, officially known as the 4th Middlesex, being the second Volunteer battalion of the Rifle Brigade, went to Winchester in Hampshire. The London Scottish is a kilted battalion; their uniform is grey, with blue facings, and consists of a Scotch cap, with black feathers, a jacket known as doublet, with a plaid swinging from the left shoulder, kilt, heavy hose, white spats, and low or laced shoes, the hose usually is without feet, ordinary socks being worn. Field officers wear trousers instead of kilts, except at Levees. The battalion has the Slade-Wallace equipment, which consists of belt, two cross straps or braces over shoulders fastened to belt, and supporting valise on back against shoulder blades, mess tin in small of back, and 125 6011great-coat, rolled at back of waist. To leather cow-hide boxes are fastened to front of belt, each holding 50 rounds of ammunition. Haversack is carried at left side, and water bottle at right side, each slung over opposite shoulder. For the exercise of this battalion, officers were ordered to bring maps of the country, compass, watches and note book. Only these men took part who volunteered to come, and every enlisted man paid 25 shillings, the equivalent of about six dollars. They left London Thursday, and returned Monday night. Arrangements for quartering and feeding the troops were made in advance; the Mayor of Winchester offered the use of the Guild Hall, in which the men slept. The Government loaned them blankets, but the corps had to pay the cost of transportation. The Quarter- master of the battalion, Captain Whyte, was formerly a Quartermaster in the Army, serving in the 63rd West Suffolk Regiment, and was the General Sir Robert Phyre in his march to the relief of Kandahar in 1879, serving at that time as Quartermaster. This regiment, it may stated in passing, was part of the Ladysmith garrison, and 14 of its men held in check for 36 hours 126 6012a considerable force of Boers; of these 14 men, 12 were killed, 1 was wounded, and only 1 escaped unhurt. The men messed in St. John's Rooms near the Guild Hall, where arrangements were made with a contractor to supply them with their food. Permission to manoeuvre over a tract of land covering about 12,000 acres was secured in advance by writing to the owners of the land, tenants, and the lesses of the shooting rights; permission was, in every instance, readily granted . The character of the work done is best shown by the following copies of the papers relating to the field work of the battalion. General rules governing the duties of umpires are published, a copy of which is annexed hereto. The Umpire-in-Chief, is assisted by junior officers, who bear to him in his work the same relation as staff officers to their Generals. The decisions of umpires are final, there being no appeal . The features of special importance in connection with these manoevres were the large area of land over which it was possible for the troops to go without any restriction, its varied character, and the importance which was attached by the umpires to the proper use 127 6013of cover. In one instance, a small force had advanced over an open country in the face of an enemy entrenched in the woods; it was ruled out of action: and in another instance where an advancing force was firing with their sights set for 1100 yards at a force distant only 600 yards, the umpire decided the first to be of no effect. No one will content that manoevres of this kind could be made as valuable as actual experience, but the points to which I have referred serve to indicate the care with which instruction is given on essential points of modern fighting. The decisions of the umpire serve, at least, to impress upon officers and men lessons of practical value. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT AND THE AR. Mr. Burdett-Coutts, a Member of Parliament, upon his return from South Africa, made in the House of Commons certain statements in regard to the medical service in South Africa which led to the appointment of a commission to inquire into the work of the Medical Corps. Undoubtedly many interesting and valuable 128 6014 facts will e brought out in the report of this commission, which, at the present time (1) has not been published. By the kindness of Surgeon-General Jameson, Director-General, and of Surgeon-General Muir, Deputy Director-General, I was able to obtain the following facts in regard to the medical arrangements for field officers sent to South Africa for the Boer War. A Surgeon-General was appointed Principal Medical Officer of the force ,with a Major of the Royal Army Medical Corps as his secretary. Each division of the Army commanded by a Lieutenant-General, had a Principal Medical Officer, who was given temporarily the rank of Surgeon-General. There was also an officer appointed as secretary to each Principal Medical Officer . Every regiment of Cavalry, Brigade Division of Artillery, and battalion of Infantry had a medical officer attached to it. HOSPITALS. These consisted of general hospitals, stationary hospitals on lines of communication, and field hospitals attached to, and moving with brigades, the latter working in connection with bearer compaines. (1) December 1900. 128 "a" 6015The general hospital consists normally of 520 beds (20 for officers); but the necessities of the situation demanded great elasticity and expansion, especially in the ease of the general hospitals in or near Cape Town, the base of operations (As many as 1600 patients had to be accomodated at one time in No.1 General Hospital) The normal staff consists of a P.M.O. (with temporary rank of Surgeon-General) a Lieut) Colonel as registrar and Secretary, 18 medical officers a Quartermaster, 9 nursing sisters, and of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 2 warrant officers, 26 N.C.officers, and 115 privates. This personnel was largely increased when occasion demanded. There were 14 general hospitals, 3 hospitals, 3 being at or near Capt Town, and the rest at convenient centres, such as Pietermaritzbufg, and Mooi River in Natal; Modder River, Bloemfontein and Pretoria in the Orange River Colony, and the Transvaal. Stationary hospitals were established at various points on the lines of communication, their situations being changed now and again as the Army advanced into the enemy's country. Our stationary hospitals normally consisted of 100 beds and the staff is 4 Medical Officers, a Quartermaster, and 12 N.C.O's, and 28 privates. 128 "b" 6016Of these there were 4. Field hospitals are each intended to accomodate 100 wounded, but can be divided into four sections if required. The personnel is 4 Medical Officers, a Quartermaster, 12 N.C.O's and 23 privates of the R.A.M. Corps for transport duties. The number of field hospitals was 27. Bearer companies each consisted of 3 officers, 13 N.C.O's, 44 privates, and a bugler of the R.A.M. Corps, with 38 men of the Army Service Corps for transport. There were 18 bearer companies. Hospital ships. Some 7 or 8 large passenger steamships were chartered by Government, and fitted as hospital ships. In these the number of the personnel varied according to size. Besides there were the "Princess of Wales" chartered by the Central British Red-Cross Committee, and fitted up by H.R.H. The Princess of Wales; and the "Maine" which was placed at the disposal of Government by the ladies of America. 128 "c" 6017Hospital trains were specially fitted up in Natal and Cape Colony, while the "Princess Christian Train" was constructed in England, and sent out at the expanse of the Central Red-Cross Committee, and the Princess whose name was given to it. Medical store depots; 2 at the base, 2 "advanced." The medical staff of the Army had to be largely augmented by civilians, comprising medical men, nursing sisters, and side attendants, the latter being furnished by the organization known as the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The following is an approximate calculation of the numbers in Government employment, and those temporarily employed. 480 Officers of R.A.M.C. of all ranks. 408 Civilian surgeons, not including many employed locally in South Africa. 52 Nursing sisters, Army nursing service. 429 Nursing sisters, Army nursing reserve. Besides these, nurses were engaged locally in South Africa, probably 100. 4000 N.C.O. and men R. A. M. C. 1500 Volunteer Med. Staff Corps, and St. John Club, and some 2000 men were engaged in South Africa. All the above were in the pay of Government, but it must be mentioned that there were various hospitals 128 "d" 6018established and maintained by the munificence of private individuals, and voluntary subscriptions, the personnel of which is not included in the above, viz. The Imperial Yeomanry Hospital, a general hospital of 500 beds, expanding to twice that size, established at Dealfontein, Cape Colony; its work is still proceeding. The Portland hospital, given by the Duke of Portland. The Irish hospital, given by Lord Iveagh. The Langman hospital, given by J. L. Langman,Esq. The Princess Christian hospital, given by J Moseley, Esq. The Welch hospital, given by (Private subscription. The Scottish hospital, National, Glasgow. ( " The Scottish Hospital Edinburgh. ( " These were hospitals of 100 to 150 beds, mostly of the "stationary" hospital type, but some were provided with transport. Two field hospitals were also provided, one as an adjunct to the Imperial Yeomanry Hospital, and the other by J. Van Alen,Esq., of the United States (who 128 "e" 6019accompanied it to the front) The actors and actresses of the United Kingdom provided and furnished a hospital hut of 28 beds, which they handed over to the Government for use. (In fact, the national generosity evinced itself in different ways far too numerous to mention. The Central British Red-Cross Society, and the "Absent-minded Beggars" Fund, were active in giving most valuable assistance in many ways towards the comfort of the sick and wounded; and the Red-Cross Societies of many nations proffered aid which was gratefully accepted. It was the aim of the Director-General, throughout the campaign, to provide and keep up, (as the Army increased in strength) hospital accomodation for 10 percent of the force in South Africa, (This force was, at its maximum about 250,000 men of all ranks.) It may be mentioned that certain eminent surgeons were employed as "consultants" and their services were found most valuable during the first period of the War. 128 "f" 6020EASTER,1900. London Scottish, R. V. Corps. Operations West of Winchester 13th-16th April, 1900. GENERAL IDEA. A force(white caps) operating in its own country is based at SALISBURY. A force (blue caps) operating in an enemy's country is based at WINCHESTER. Operations commence at about 3:30 p.m: on 13th April and will continue on same GENERAL IDEA until the evening of the 16th of April. SPECIAL IDEAS will e issued on the 13th April, those for the 14th and 16th of April, dependent on the results of operations on the previous day, will also be issued. Officers commanding both forces will explain completely these SPECIAL IDEAS to all ranks under their command. WHITE CAPS. No. 1 and 2. Companies under command of Captain G. A. Malcolm. BLUE CAPS. No.3 and4 and 5. Companies under command of Captain J. W. Greig. By order. (signed) F. H. Neish, Captain, Adjutant,London Scottish, R.V.C. 129 6021SPECIAL IDEA ( Confidential) BLUE CAPS 13th April 1900. "To Captain J. W. Greig, London Scottish R.V. Headquarters, Winchester, 3 p.m. 13th April1900. 1. Enemy are reported by Cavalry patrols on TEGDOWN. 2. Ascertain his strength and dispositions. 3. Avoid a general engagement. 4. Your force consists of the London Scottish R. V. B. O. X. Y. Brigade- Major" Captain Greig may assume that usual routine order for Parade, etc., of the L. S. R. V. have been issued and complied with, and that at 3:30 p.m. the point of the advanced guard has arrived at point 364 on Roman Road, about 3/4 mile West of WEST GATE, WINCHESTER. NOTE. A Precis of all orders and instructions issued by Captain Greig, together with a very concise Report on his view of the general result of the tactical operations, marked "Confidential", will be sent to the Adjutant as soon as possible on return to quarters. By Order. B. O. (Signed) F. H. Neish, Captain, Adjutant London Scottish, R.V.C. 130 [*6022*]SPECIAL IDEA ( Confidential). WHITE CAPS. 13th April, 1900. You are in command of the advanced guard of a Brigade moving on PITTDOWN. At 2:30 p.m. on the 13th April 1900, you arrive at TEGDOWN; having previously received orders to form an outpose line to cover the Brigade on PITTSDOWN, you form your advanced guard into an Outpost line on TEGDOWN. The Brigade will form Reserve to Outposts. PITTSDOWN is line of resistance. About 2:30 p.m. Cavalry Patrols of the Enemy have been met by your Cavalry Patrols, and retired on WINCHESTER. NOTE. Captain Malcolm will furnish a rough sketch of the ground, showing disposition of Outpost line, together with a very concise Report on his view of the general result of the Tactical operations. He will also on arrival at TEGDOWN draft a letter requisitioning ammunition, Rations and water. These should be sent to the Adjutant as soon as possible on return to quarters. B. O. (Signed) F. H. Neish, Captain, Adjutant London Scottish, R. V. C. 131 [*6023*]SPECIAL IDEA ( Confidential) BLUE CAPS. 14th April, 1900. Result of Reconnaissance yesterday by London Scottish was that the enemy's left flank was located at CRABWOOD FARM--DEAN VILLAGE, is occupied by a detached Force to-day. The country between DEAN VILLAGE and WINCHESTER is clear of the enemy. "To Captain GREIG. WINCHESTER. 9 a.m.,14/4/00 Attached rough sketch just received, and is forwarded for your information. You will move to-day at 11:15 a.m. from WINCHESTER in order to further locate the present position of enemy and to press him back if possible. The 1st Brigade will support you at 4 p.m. B.O. X. Y. Chief Staff Officer, 1st., Division." 132 [*6024*]SPECIAL IDEA (Confidential) April 14th, 1900. WHITE CAPS. Captain Malcolm has received at 10:45 a.m. the following message from O. C. PITTDOWN Brigade. "Spies report re-inforcements are arriving at Wimbledon. Fall back slowly on Brigade at Pittdown when pressed. I am strongly entrenched at and between the ROUND WOODS (not named on Map) due South of SHELDON OAK COPSE." 6025 133 [*6025*]PRÉCIS OF RESULT. of Tactical Operations West of WINCHESTER 13th and 14th April,1900. 13th April. "White Caps" occupied an outpost line on TEGDOWN, covering a Brigade, entrenching themselves on Pittdown, where they arrived at 2 p.m. 13th April. Being attached this Outpost line fell back on position- the line of resistance. "Blue Caps" made a reconnaissance to ascertain strength and disposition of enemy. In this they failed beyond locating the enemy's left as resting on CRABWOOD FARM, but succeeded in occupying the VILLAGE of DEAN. 14th April. "White Caps" when pressed, fell back slowly on their main position at PITTDOWN, where they joined their Brigade in a very strong defensive position. "Blue Caps" feinting on enemy's front, attacked his left flank. They were re-enforced at 4 p.m. by a Brigade, but were unable to drive "White Caps" from their entrenched position. 134 [*6026*]SPECIAL IDEA ( Confidential) BLUE CAPS 16th April, 1900. 1. Captain Greig with one battalion of Infantry has been ordered to forage and collect supplies at SPARSHOLT, and MERECOURT, and WESTLEY FARMS, and he will "commandeer" the necessary transport. 2. DEAN, WEEKE and all intervening country to WINCHESTER are held by BLUE CAPS. 3. The northern and western edge of CRAB WOOD are held by enemy but this force is watched and troops detached from DEAN. Captain Greig's SOUTH flank is, therefore, secure. N. B. (a) Operations will cease from 1:30 to 2:15 p/m/ during which time men may fall out, but no movement of troops are to take place. (b) The BLUE CAP attach on PITT DOWN was repulsed on 14.4.00. 135 6027SPECIAL IDEA (Confidential) WHITE CAPS 16th April,1900. "To Captain Malcolm, L.S.R.V. PITT DOWN, 11p.m. 16.4.00 1. Enemy are reported as intending to forage at SPARSHOLT, MERECOURT FARM and WESTLEY FARM to-day. 2. DEAN, WEEKE and all intervening country to WINCHESTER are held by the enemy. 3. Drive in foraging parties, and, if possible, capture their supplies. 4. Any counter move of enemy on line fron NORTH point of CRABWOOD, through CRABWOOD on to ROMAN ROAD will be watched by No.2 Battalion. B. O. A. B. Major. Brigade-Major, PITT DOWN BRIGADE." N. B. (a) Operations will cease from 1:30 to 2:15 p.m., during which time men may fall out, but no movements of troops are to take place. (b) WHITE CAPS being in a friendly country, are more or less secure, except from the EAST. (c) The attack on PITT DOWN on 14.4.00 was repulsed, and the enemy retreated on WINCHESTER. 136 [*6028*]PRECIS OF OPERATIONS on 16th April,1900 (In continuation of former precis) The Blue Caps having been repulsed in their attack on PITT DOWN on 14th April, 1900, rested in WINCHESTER on 15th April 1900. On the 16th April one battalion was ordered to forage at SPARS HOLT, and MERECOURT and WESTLEY FARMS and bring in supplies to Winchester. This they had half succeeded in doing, but owing to the officer commanding the covering party of WESTLEY FARN foraging party not complying with his or- ders as to line of retreat, the WHITE CAPS, by a very wide turning movement, were able to intercept a portion of the convoy. 137 [*6029*]The following is a Report of Colonel Balfour, commanding London Scottish Regiment. While there was no obtligation to submit such a Report, Colonel Balfour forwarded it to the Colonel commanding the Regimental District in which the Manoeuvres took place, and by him it will be forwarded to the General Commanding the Brigade of which the London Scottish forms a part. 7th Middlesex (London Scottish) Volunteers R E P O R T ON THE EASTER TRAINING, 1900. NUMBERS. Owing to the uncertainty surrounding the conditions for the Emergency Encampments and other causes, the whole expenses were borne by individual members of the Corps. This resulted in the numbers being reduced from estimated 600 to 209. LOCALITY--ACCOMODATION. The Locality selected for training WINCHESTER, where suitable sleeping accomodation was generously provided by the Corporation in the Guild Hall. Temporary lavatories and latrines were erected at the expense of the corps. 138 [*6030*]FEEDING. The feeding of the N.C.O.'s and men was satisfactorily carried out by a contract in a large hall with kitchens attached, hired for the purpose. MANOEUVRE AREA. Through the assistance of Captain and Hon. Major W. B. Puckle (who himself owns some of the property) and by the kindness of the owners and occupiers, a large tract of ground was secured for tactical instruction, absolutely free from any restrictions. This ground is shaped roughly like a triangle, with Winchester at its Eastern apex. Each side measured about 5 miles. It contains almost every variety of country--open downs, large and small woods, closed fields, farms, villages, etc. atc., TACTICAL INSTRUCTION. The battalion was divided into five provisional companies (A. and B. No.1 and so on) and was separated into two opposing forces of three and two companies respectively. These were placed under the command of Captains, who were given a free hand to carry out the general and special ideas. The field offices and 139 [*6031*]Adjutant acted as Umpires. It was thus possible to exercise a very minute supervision of the action of small units, and even individuals. The results of this observation were communicated to the officers each evening on return to Winchester. The operations lasted about eight hours each day, the mid-day meal being carried in the haversacks, and a pause made in the movements for a fixed interval of time. The schemes, which were drafted by the Adjutant, who had surveyed the whole ground, were continuous, each day commencing with the troops in the positions which they occupied when the cease firing sounded on the pre-vious day. DIARY OF WORK. Thursday A portion of the battalion was able to leave London on Thursday morning. They detrained at Micheldever, about 10 miles N.of Winchester. The tactical exercise illustrated a strong infantry patrol from outposts attacked by irregular troops in a hostile country. Friday. The Morning of Friday was given to instruction in outposts. 140 [*6032*]After the mid-day meal, the tactical scheme commenced and consisted in a reconnaissance in force by the 'blue-cap' force based on Winchester, endeavoring to pierce the outpost line of 'white-cap" force based on Salisbury, and acting in a friendly country, covering the preparation of a position by an imaginary Brigade. The blue-caps failed to penetrate the outpost line, which however fell back about three-quarters of a mile. This day's work was carried on in open ground, with few hedge rows. Saturday. The movement continued, 'white-caps' retiring their left through a large and very intricate wood on to the prepared position, followed by the right of 'blue-caps'. This blue cap commander reported to his imaginary brigadier on the possible methods of attacking the position, which, however, was clearly unassailable without much greater superiority. Most of the ground gained, however, was held. Monday. Monday's exercises consisted in the 'commandeering' and conveying of carts and stores for the supply 141 [*6033*]of the Winchester (blue-cap) force. The 'white-caps' succeeded by a wide turning movement in capturing a portion of the convoy. Much of this day's work was carried on in a country of small fields. GENERAL. Many mistakes were, of course, made, both in the general handling and in the minor leading, one of the chief errors being unnecessary exposure. These, however, were daily pointed out in the evenings. And I venture to think that considerable improvement was made in every direction. ADVANTAGES OF EASTER. Although Easter-time has some disadvantages as a period for Volunteer training, I venture to point out (1) That under the usual conditions more men of the class of which the London Scottish is composed can go out then than at any other time. (2) That at no other time of the year could such a tract of country be obtained free from restriction, and without compensation. E. J. A. BALFOUR, Lieut-Col., Commanding London-Scottish, V.R.C. 20th April 1900. THE HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. The Honorable Artillery Company of London occupies a unique position. It is not part of 142 [*6034*]the Army, nor is it part of the Militia, Yeomanry or Volunteers, nor does it owe its existance to any of the laws creating these different forces. It was incorporated by Henvy VII in 1537 although it had previously existed as an armed association, and it has occupied it's present headquarters since 1650. Originally the corps consisted of Infantry alone, but about a hundred years ago Artillery, which developed into a Field Batter, was added to the establishment, as well as a troop of Light Cavalry in 1861. In 1889 the regiment was re-organized, the Light Cavalry was converted into Horse Artillery, and in 1899 the Field Battery was converted into a better of Horse Artillery, so that the corps now consists of two Horse-Artillery batteries, each of four guns, and a battalion of Infantry, the effective strength of the whole corps being nearly a thousand. The batteries now have the new fifteen-pounder breech loader. The gunners and mounted non-commissioned officers provide their own horses. In December 1899 a large number of the members of this corps volunteered for service in South Africa, and of these eighty-three of the Artillery division, including five officers with the addition of some others from various Volunteer corps, formed a four-gun 143 [*6035*]Field Battery, which was accepted as a portion of the City of London Imperial Volunteers. The battery sailed for South Africa fully equipped on February 3rd having been previously assembled for four weeks at St. John's Wood Barracks. This Spring the corps has been 16 days in camp on Salisbury Plain, 85 per-cent of the members attending and 65 per-cent remaining the entire time, thus more than fulfilling the Government conditions for obtaining the largest possible grant. The work which was done by the Horse Batteries at stationary and moving targets was most excellent. The target practice was carried on near the Bulford Camp on Salisbury Plains, not very far from Stonehenge. The targets, made to resemble a column of Infantry, were arranged on barrels to which long ropes were attached; these were drawn by horses. The batteries were given a station, and the targets were placed in a depression of the ground, so as to be invisible. Officers commanding the battery were not given any information as to range. The targets were drawn by the horses so what seemed to be an advancing column of Infantry came into sight over the crest of a small rise of ground. The batteries were then expected to open fire, to find the range, and if possible check 144 [*6036*]the advance. This work, as well as firing at stationary targets, was carefully watched by Artillery officers from the Army, who marked the results of every shot fired, and reported in detail upon the effectiveness of the fire, fire discipline and so forth. A large number of the men were recruits and they had had no target practice for over a year, but notwithstanding this fact they secured a rating by Army officers of 35, the figure 36 being the mark which would entitle an organization of the Royal Artillery to be rated as first-class marksmen. The excellent condition and general efficiency of this corps is largely due to the ability and energy of its Colonel Commandant, the Earl of Denbigh and Desmond, who was formerly an officer of the Royal Artillery, and who combines with the knowledge of the trained soldier, a clear understanding of the needs and requirements of this corps. PARLIAMENT AND THE MILITARY FORCES. in England Parliament is supreme. There is no written constitution to set a limit upon its powers, 145 [*6037*]and no court exists which can question the constitutionality of its acts. From the choice of a sovereign, to the passage of a private bill, from the conduct of a great war to the protection of the water in the English streams, it is supreme in the exercise of its manifold and complex duties. An elective body is never well adapted by temper or character to attend to the details of administrative work, and in the general direction of its work it needs leadership and direction. This is secured in the first instance by the selection of a Prime Minister, who is in theory the choice of the Sovereign, and again, in theory, responsible to the Sovereign. As a matter of fact, the Prime Minister to-day, although named by the sovereign, is practically the choice of the dominent party in Parliament, and although the influence of the sovereign is not to be ignored, under ordinary conditions the sovereign's action is one of acquiescence. The Cabinet is practically a Committee of Parliament selected by the Prime Minister, and in its collective capacity, acts as a committee of the majority in the conduct and direction of affairs. The Secretary of State for Foreign affairs, the Secretary of State for the Colonies, the Secretary of State for War, and the other members of the 146 [*6038*]an Accountant-General, and a Director of Contracts, who hold their offices permanently. Quite apart from this side of the War Office is the Military Department, made up of the Headquarters Staff of the Army. The position of Commander-in-Chief is filled by a Field Marshall: attached to the Headquarters Staff are the Military Secretary, the Director of Military Intelligence, the Adjutant-General to the Forces, the Quartermaster-General to the Forces, the Inspector-General of Fortifications, the Director-General of Ordnance, and many subordinate officers who work under the direction or control of the officers on the Headquarters Staff. While in England and in America, there is a military office who is nominally supposed to command the armies and exercise the power and control which goes with such a position, as a matter of fact, that power is in both countries limited; in America by the fact that the President, as Commander-in-Chief, is vested with great executive power in time of war, and can and generally does, through his Secretary for War, exercise many of the functions which might, at first sight, seem properly to belong to the General commanding the forces; and in England, by the fact that Parliament is supreme, and the Secretary of State for War, having 148 [*6040*]the nominal authority of the sovereign and the actual authority of Parliament, may do many things which curtail the power of the Commander-in-Chief. It is not necessary to dwell upon the objections which have so often been raised to this condition by those critics who have pointed out the misfortunes which are liable to result from the depriving the highest military authority of the right to carry out important military operations in accordance with his best judgment, and unhampered by the judgment of untrained civilians, or active politicians. The fact remains that in England and America, with their political conditions, it is absolutely impossible to conceive of any system under which the people will give up their right to control and dominate in time of war, as well as in time of peace; so that the best that can be hoped for is that Secretaries of State for War, and Presidents, will so wisely exercise their power that all unnecessary interference with military matters may be avoided, and the widest possible scope given to the highest military officer in the direction of purely military matters. The importance of this has been recognized by the English Government during the Boer War, Lord Roberts, and later Lord Kitchener having been given absolute authority on all 149 6041 military operations. In England, the officers of the General Staff, who have been named above, report directly and individually to the Secretary of State for War, so that if the Secretary of State for War, who is invariably a civilian, desires advice in regard to certain matters upon which he must take official action, it is possible that he may get conflicting advice on the same subject from the Commander-in-Chief, the Adjutant-General, the Quartermaster-General, and the Director-General, of Ordnance. The advice may differer fundamentally, or in minor details, and the differences may be due to the fact that each officer has worked out the problem from his own stand-point, without having viewed it in its relation to the other departments which must be more or less concerned in the decision at which the Secretary of State for War arrives. It does not,of course, follow that this must happen; on the countrary, it is possible that the advice may be given after a careful consideration of the problem by all concerned, so as to secure harmonious and effective results; but there is nothing in the system which of itself secures this end, and it would only be the result of the wisdom of the officials concerned. 150 6042The statement of these conditions is sufficient to make plain the fat that the machinery which exists for solving the military problems in England is not that which is most likely to secure the best possible results. Political and Financial considerations inevitably, and to certain extent, properly, must always have weight, but beyond this there has been in the past in England, as in America, differences of opinions in regard to questions of vital moment, and this has sometimes resulted in the adoption of make-shifts, or temporary expedients instead of in the wisest and best solutions of the difficulties. It invariably happens in both America and England, that when a great emergency is encountered, and in the unexpected strain which comes with great undertakings, there are found points either of organization, or of administration which do no produce satisfactory results. In many cases the fault for this is laid at the door of certain individuals, but whatever may be the justice of such criticisms, it should never be forgotten that the system is, to a great extent, responsible for the unsatisfactory results. Efforts are making in England to modify the system in such a way as to minimise the chances of those evils 151 [*6043*]which follow the lack of wise preparation or divide counsels, but it must be left for the future to show whether a satisfactory method of accomplishing these results can be worked out. Some changes will probably be made; whether the Empire will profit to the fullest extent by the experiences through which it has passed remains to be seen. If it does, it will be an exception to the unbroken practice in England and America which has in every instance been to ignore in time of peace, the lessons taught by war. Whether the English people are satisfied with their military conditions, they alone can say, and their action during the next few years will be their answer. The plan of giving the Army its own Reserve has proved of the greatest value. The Militia has proved itself a force of very great value, and there has been little or no friction in securing 38 battalions for foreign service. The Volunteers have in the past been treated somewhat as we treat our State Forces, they have never been taken seriously by the nation, and there is undoubtedly room for making them, notwithstanding all their admitted merits, of even greater value to the country. But what England may do while of in- 152 5044interest to us, is not as much importance as the question what we are going to do about our State Forces, and in the conclusion of this Report, there will be found some suggestions as to how we can profit by our own experiences in the Spanish War, and utilize more effectively and intelligently that patriotic spirit which manifests itself in the existing State Forces, and which in the people at large, always asserts itself in its eagerness for active service when war threatens. 153 6045 GERMANY. The general principles upon which the German Army is organized are so well known that little need be said here regarding them. Permanent instruction cadres are formed for all arms of the service; these consist of officers and non-commissioned officers only; to these cadres certain citizens are sent each year for training, and a permanent force of officers supervises their training and instruction. The following statement of the requirements necessary in order to secure a commission in the Army and to become an officer of the General Staff may be of interest. The student who has completed the course in one of the German Gymnasia so far as to be eligible for admission to the first class, is permitted to take the first Army examination, or a student who has completed the entire course at one of the Cadets' Schools is permitted to enter the Army without examination. The student from the Gymnasium must pass the examination known as the Fahnricht Examination; an examination for the position of non-commissioned officer: if he has completed the course at the Gymnasium which will qualify him for admission to the University, he does not have to undergo this examination. These students from 154 6046the Gymnasia and Cadets' Schools are then admitted to the Army as privates. The candidate for a commission then serves for about five months in the Army as a private. After that he must spend nine months in a War School (Kriegs-schule). He is then eligible to try the examination for a commission, and if successful, after one or two months, receives his commission as an officer. ADMISSION TO THE GENERAL STAFF. In order to be a candidate for admission to the General Staff, an officer must have served at least three years, but more generally the length of service before attempting to enter the Staff is six or eight years. He must first enter, as the result of an examination, the Kriegsacademie or War College. The regimental commander recommends one, two or three officers. From these the division commander may make a selection, and then the corps commandant makes a final selection of those who are to undergo the preliminary examination. This is held generally in March 155 6047or April at the garrison town where are the corps headquarters. The examinations are held on the same day at the different corps headquarters, and the same questions are asked. An officer of the General Staff is always present at these examinations. The examinations are such as to make what is known as "cramming" of little value. Some months before the examination is held, it is announced what country and what century will be covered by the questions in geography and history. The following examples will illustrate the character of these questions, from which it will be seen that the officer is expected to have a broad and comprehensive understanding of the general principles underlying the subject on which he is to be examined. In 1884, the historical question, for the answering which from two to three hours was allotted, was as follows. "Personal and political grounds of the antagonism between Francis I of France, and Charles V." 1888. "Reform of the Constitution of the German Empire under Maximilian I, 1495." In 1894 the choice of two subjects was given. (1) "The establishment of the United States of North America." Or (2) "What changes occurred in the political relations of Russia, Poland, Sweden and Turkey after the 156 6048Northern War, and what effect did this have upon the other European States?" In 1898 one of the questions was. "Spanish and English sea power under Philip II of Spain, and Queen Elizabeth of England?" In 1899 one of the questions was. "Prussia: in what condition was it left by Frederick William I to his son?" In Geography in 1884, two hours' written examination, the question was. "The geographical conditions and relations of the English Cape Colony, and its political and mercantile interests?" In 1886; "The territory drained by the Congo?" 1893, "The people of the Empire of Germany viewed with reference to their race, origin and speech?" In 1894 the choice of two questions. (a) "The East coast of North America in its relations to the culture and development of the United States?" (b) "The orography and hydrography of North America?" 1898. (1) "The natural frontier of India on the North, and Northwest: its bearing upon the question of defence against an invasion?" or (2) "A short description of the territory which will be reached by the Siberian railroad when completed; what effect must this railroad have upon commercial relations?" He must also pass either in one foreign language, or in mathematics, and in questions connected with 157 6049the manufacture and handling of guns, tactics, military sketching and so forth. If he fails, he is permitted to try again, and there have been cases where officers have tried as many as four times, but this is the exception, and a second failure is generally the last. Out of 400 or 500 trying these examinations, only about 130 are selected. The successful candidates then go through a three year's course, nine months of each year being spent at the War College, and three months in practical work with the different arms of the service. This work includes what are known as General Staff Rides, lasting for about three weeks, during which questions of strategy, the handling of troops, are worked out by the officers with supposed detachments of the various arms. The officer then goes back to his regiment, and one of the following records is made in regard to his work, known as the qualification record. (1) He may be recommended for the General Staff. (2) He may be recommended for the higher Adjutant's positions. (3) He may be recommended as a teacher int he War Schools, or (4) He may be rated as not qualified for any of these positions. He goes back to his regiment for six months, 158 6050and then out of the number who have completed the course, about thirty or forty are selected for what is called Dienstleistung. They are attached to the General Staff for duty for one year, but they still remain as officers of their regiments; the period of duty with the General Staff can be extended to two years. Then, in order to be admitted to the General Staff, they must be recommended by the Chief of the Division of the General Staff, under whom they have worked, and out of the entire number, perhaps seven or ten, the number depending upon the needs of the General Staff, are selected and appointed as Captains in the General Staff. They then either stay on duty with the General Staff in Berlin, or go to some command for service with the troops as Junior General Staff Officer. This service generally lasts for about three years. They then leave the Staff and return to the troops as line officers, serving for a year or a year and a half. They may then be called back to the General Staff, serving as Staff Officer of a division, or as Senior Staff Officer in an Army Corps, or during this time they can be attached to the great General Staff as Chief of a Division, or they may be sent back to the troops to serve as line officers. The Great General 159 6051Staff, it may be said in passing, consists of those officers of the General Staff who are on duty in Berlin, as distinguished from those officers of the General Staff who are on duty with the troops. Promotions to the position of Brigade Commander are continually made from among those officers who have never been members of the General Staff, but for all commands from a division up, it is usual to take an officer from the General Staff. This is not only because of his special training in the practical and scientific branches of his work, but also because the General Staff officers are the only ones who have done service in the line with all the different arms of the service. It will be seen that the process by which the officers of the General Staff are chosen is one which ensures the continual sifting out of the very best men in both theory and practice. At any of the times when an officer leaves the General Staff to return to the line, it is entirely possible that he should be left permanently in the line. He has no right or claim to reenter the Staff, and his failure to attain a high standard in his practical work, the evidence that he was not a successful officer in the field, or a competent leader of men, would preclude his return to the Staff. 160 6052Perhaps the most striking feature of this system is its purely democratic character. A man to become a Major-General in the German Army does not owe his promotion to family influence, to political influence, or to money, but wins it by his individual merit and worth. It is a truth acknowledged the world over, that an officer to rise to a high position in the German General Staff must be a man of exceptional ability, and proved capacity for the responsibilities of command. That such a system has been adopted in Germany is, of course, due to the fact that from the Emperor down, all are anxious to have the Army as efficient as possible, and it is an axiom which is equally true in Empires and Republics, that if men are appointed for merely personal or political reasons to positions which require exceptional ability, thorough training and long, hard, preliminary work, the practical efficiency of the Army is inevitably diminished. 161 6053The military systems of the United States, England, Germany and Switzerland all embrace the theory that every able-bodied citizen must perform such military duty as the country may require; in England and America, the principle is not put into practical operation, and it would be impossible, at the present time, to convince the people of these two countries that they should adopt any system for training all their young men. It is hard to understand why the Americans and English who, to a man, are ready to make any sacrifice in the way of serving their country when danger threatens, are almost unanimously opposed to a system which would so educate the people that every man would be ready to render this service in the most intelligent and effective manner. It seems to be a rule of general application, that a country only makes that preparation for war which the bitter experience of defeat or invasion, or the dread of foreign attack, makes the people regard as necessary. One sometimes hears it said that Germany has foolishly and unnecessarily developed its armed strength, but it must not be forgotten that it was not until Germany was united and its Army made powerful and strong, that it ceased to be the prey of foreign powers. Many a defeat and many an invasion 162 6054marked the years when Germany consisted of independent principalities, without any adequate organization for their common defence. The modern military system in Germany was not adopted because one man or a few men forced upon an unwilling people a system which they did not approve; it was the result of a patriotic determination on the part of the nation to make impossible the recurrence of those awful experiences which followed in the train of their former defeats. The work of perfecting the military system went hand in hand with the development of the system of education. It may be difficult to distinguish between cause and effect; but it is a fact that Germany's material prosperity has come contemporaneously with the development of her military power, and much as we may deplore the conditions of human life which make recourse to war a method for settling international disputes, the fact remains that Germany's complete preparation for war is to-day one of the strongest influences for peace. The thoroughness and completeness of Switzerland's preparation is undoubtedly due to the belief of the people that if they were not adequately prepared to defend themselves, they might lose their independence. In England and America, no such fear exists. It 163 6053is doubtful whether many English people consider invasion possible, and few, if any, think of it as probable; the contingency seems to them so remote that their action on military matters is not materially influenced by it. Again, the Anglo-Saxon character concerns itself but slightly with what other nations may think of the growth and development of their institutions. This to a certain extent is an element of strength, but carried too far it may be a source of weakness. All who believe that England's influence is for good, and that her influence should be strengthened and extended must regret that the countries of Europe do not place a higher value on the merit of the English military system. In order to accomplish in the most effective way the work which falls to it, a nation should not only possess the strength necessary to carry through its work successfully, but it should have the powerful influence which comes from a recognition by other countries of its strength and power. The bravery of the English officers and men is admired by the entire world. Foreigners who do not like the English, pay tribute to this splendid virtue, but there is a wide-spread belief that an imperfect military organization materially limits the power of the country. 164 6056England, like America, leaves an enormous amount to be done when an emergency arises. There was a time in America when some of the Militia had no practice in rifle shooting, and after this condition had lasted some years, the people in some of the States awoke to the fact that it was a waste of money to maintain an armed force which could not shoot, and increased facilities were provided to permit the men to become efficient with their rifles; but there are many other things which are to-day just as important for the success of a fighting force as the ability to shoot well. In any great war, large bodies of troops must be speedily mobilized, and they must be properly trained and adequately equipped. The men must be kept in the best possible health, and this is not only for humanitarian reasons; but because a sick man is just as useless as wet powder. The health of the Army depends not only on proper sanitation; but upon proper feeding. The Commissariat and Quartermaster's Department, are of the most vital importance, and unless they are able to do their work efficiently, the strength of a force inevitably suffers. Not only should a country be able to supply everything necessary for the proper working of these administrative departments, but it 165 6057should be able to do so as soon as the force takes the field. Switzerland sets an example of practical common-sense in having every halter, every harness, and every wagon for all its different transport and train services in continual readiness to start out at a moment's notice with every unit of its Army. There is little chance that America would ever follow this sensible example, but we should certainly make an effort to be somewhat nearer a proper state of readiness for action in the future, than was proved to be the case in 1898. 166 6058SWITZERLAND. From the earliest times, the people who have inhabited what is now called Switzerland, have lived a strenuous life. With labor and toil they have wrested their livelihood from valley farms, and mountain pastures. On many a bloody battlefield they have fought and died for their liberties, and their national life, and in their battles they have always proved themselves a brave and hardy race. A hundred years B. C. the Helvetian Tigurini won a brilliant victory over a Roman army under the Consul Cassius, the Romans being utterly routed! Cassius and his lieutenant Piso were both slain and the Romans were compelled to give hostages and pass under the yoke. Later, in B. C. 58, the Helvetians, thinking that the fertile plains of Gaul were better than their snow-covered mountains, planned to migrate into Gaul; they burned their towns and villages and started on their journey; but were met by Caesar and his legions. On their demand for a free passage, Caesar asked for hostages, but they replied that the Helvetians were accustomed to receive, not to give hostages. At Bibracte Caesar attacked the Helvetians, and it was the 167 6059story which history has repeated so many times; individual heroism was no match for the regular, well organized and highly trained army. After a most heroic struggle, the Helvetians were overwhemlingly defeated; they were compelled to return to their country and rebuild their towns; and were arbitrarily made a part of Gaul, although Caesar allowed them to remain a separate district, and to arrange their own internal affairs. About the time that Hengist and Horsa came into England, the Alemanni and the Burgundians overran Helvetia, the Allemanni settling in the East, and the Burgundians in the West, thus laying the foundation for the difference of race which has since given the German and French influences their predominance in the different parts of Switzerland. For years the Alemanni and the Burgundians fought with each other; but under Clovis, the Alemanni were defeated, and a united Helvetia became part of the great Empire over which, subsequently, Charlemagne ruled. On the division of the Empire by the treaty of Verdun, Helvetia was again divided, but under Henry the Fowler in the tenth century, both parts were incorporated in the German Empire. 168 6060What may be called the starting point in the history of the modern Swiss Republic was the "League of the Three Communities", i.e. the men of Uri, the community of Schwyz, and the mountaineers of the little valley which subsequently became part of the Canton of Unterwalden. (1) In the thirteenth century the Hapsburg family of the Canton of Aargau had risen to power, and in 1273 Rudolph of Hapsburg was raised to the Imperial Throne of the Holy Roman Empire. Upon his death, the "League of the Three Communities", was formed in 1291 for the purpose of protection against the arbitrary power of the Bailiffs, or middle men, and not for the purpose of renouncing allegiance to the Emperor. In 1352 the Confederation was increased to eight States, and in 1513, it was composed of thirteen Cantons. In 1798 France sent troops into Switzerland, and finally in 1803 Bonaparte gave the country a new Constitution called, "The Act of Mediation." The fall of Napoleon overthrew his work; but in 1815 the perpetual neutrality of Switzerland and the invioability of her territory were guaranteed by Austria, Great Britain, Portugal, Prussia and Russia. (1) "The Swiss Confederation" by Adams & Cunningham. 169 6061A Federal Pact drawn up at Zurich in 1815 was accepted by the Congress of Vienna, and remained in force until 1848. In that year a Federal Constitution for the whole of Switzerland was adopted, the first which had been framed without foreign influence. The men who drafted that Constitution had carefully studied the Constitution of the United States; but they recognized the importance of working out details to meet their own needs, and the difficult work was most successfully accomplished . (1) "Two legislative chambers were for the first "time created, the National Council to which deputies "were elected proportionally to the population, thus "favoring the larger Cantons, and representing the "Swiss people as a whole; and the Council of the States, "which resembled the American Senate, each Canton large "or small, contributing two members. The two "chambers constituted the Federal Assembly, and an "executive power was created called the Federal Council "which consisted of seven members." The Constitution now remains in force and effect. No American can visit Switzerland and study its conditions, either political, social or military, (1) "The Swiss Confederation", by Adams & Cunningham. 170 6062without finding much that is of interest and value. The marked democratic characteristics of the people, and the earnestness and interest with which they are working out some of the great social problems of the day, should receive the most careful study by us . It is not necessary here to refer in detail to the working of the initiative and referendum, to their action in regard to the State ownership of railroads, nor pensions for old age. The purpose of this paper is to describe how this country has worked out its military problems. If proof were needed that a land can train all its citizens for the efficient and intelligent performance of that work which must be done when war comes, and at the same time escape the evils of what is to-day called Militarism, that proof can be found in the Republic of Switzerland. A Republic with the strongest democratic tendencies, with a constitution not unlike our own; with intense local pride, and cherished local traditions; with an inbred conviction that the central authority must not unduly encroach upon the rights of the Cantons; with a worthy love of peace and its blessings; without the slightest thought of adding a foot to their territory; but with an intense love of 171 6063 Country and a cheerful willingness to perform every duty which their citizenship entails, they have evolved and developed a military system which has given them the best Militia in the world. It is of the greatest interest to us that in organizing this splendid body of "citizen soldiers", they have worked along the lines laid down by the men who framed the Constitution of the United States. The rights of the Cantons to name the officers who are to be commissioned, a right which was reserved to the State by our Constitution, exists to-day in Switzerland, subject to the limitation of proved efficiency and fitness. The organization and discipline of the Swiss Militia is under Federal control in Switzerland, just as is prescribed by our Constitution; the universal military service still remains a theory with us, but is real and actual in Switzerland. But one striking difference separates their methods from ours; for over a hundred years we have failed to pass any laws or take any action in Congress for improving and developing our citizen soldiers; Switzerland, on the contrary, has profited by experience, and has made its mistakes or shortcomings the stepping stones to better conditions; 172 6064it has carefully and conservatively changed for the better by repeated Legislative Enactments, the organization, the equipment and training of the Militia, until to-day, the most competent officers from all over the world, pay cheerful tribute to its high excellence. This is probably due in some measure to the fact that invasion by a foreign foe is more imminent danger to that country than to us. The Swiss believe firmly that an armed force is necessary to make real the guarantee which other nations have given of the neutrality of its soil. When war once begins, it is just as liable to result in a disregard of treaty stipulations as it is to make false the resolutions of Legislative bodies or the assertions of Prime Ministers. When France and Germany were at war in 1870, the Swiss Government was officially asked what they proposed to do if a force from either country attempted to march through Switzerland, and the answer was given that the Swiss Militia would be on the frontier ready to oppose their advance. In 1871 a French Army under the command of General Bourbaki , consisting of over 83,000 men retreated toward the Swiss frontier. The Militia was on the frontier and General Bourbaki 173 6065was informed that the Swiss were prepared to maintain the neutrality of their territory, and that his troops could only come on to Swiss soil provided they laid down their arms. These conditions were accepted, and the army gave up 284 guns, 63,212 rifles, 1500 wagons, and 10,649 horses, and officers and men remained in Switzerland until peace was established between France and Germany. For the American who studies the Swiss military system, its most surprising feature will be, not the obligation of universal military service, for this exists in theory in America, and is practically a principle of universal application, but the thoroughness and completeness with which the Swiss have worked out all the details necessary to enable the Militia to take the field at an hour's notice, equipped and ready for the defence of the fatherland. In America and in England, there has always been a marked tendency to leave until the very last moment the settlement of many questions connected with the organization of the forces, and in these two countries existing forces are never adequately equipped in time of peace to take the field. We have accustomed ourselves to believe that this is a dis- 174 6066tincitve trait of Democracies, and that complete preparation for war during peace would only be made when a State was dominated by the will of a powerful Emperor. But in Switzerland, we find a country strongly permeated with the most advanced principles of Democracy, carefully arranging every detail of the work which would follow an order to mobilize their forces, and recognizing the duty, which Democracies especially should not try to evade, of protecting their soldiers from unnecessary suffering by giving to the Cantonal and Federal forces the best possible organization and proper training. MILITARY ORGANIZATION. The present military organization of the Swiss Militia rests upon the law of 1874, it should not be overlooked that this law was the result of an effort to make certain improvements suggested by the practical experience of 1870-71. Unlike the Americans who have rarely made any of the changes which actual warfare has proved to be necessary, the Swiss are contin- 175 6067 ually correcting those defects made plain by their own experience, or by that of other countries. It is impossible to meet Swiss officers without being struck with the universal desire to still further improve their force, and in this desire they have the sympathy of the people. The Swiss Constitution forbids the maintenance of a standing army, but every citizen is liable to perform military duty from the beginning of the year in which he becomes twenty-one years of age, until the end of the year in which he completes his forty-fourth year. Certain officials are excepted from the liability to perform military service during the time that they are in office , such as members of the Bundesrath, or Federal Council, officials and employees of the postal and telegraph service, and others connected with the administrative work of the Government; officials of hospitals and prisons, members of the police force of the Cantons and the revenue service, and frontier guards, clergymen and teachers. Officials and employees of the railroad and steamship companies are relieved from service which will interfere with the proper running of trains or boats; but all of these 176 [*6068*]persons who are physically fit for service must go through a course of instruction for recruits, and are allotted to some military unit. Any man who, by a judgement of the Court has been deprived of any of his rights or honors as a citizen, is not permitted to bear arms. The members of the Bundesversammlung, or Federal Assembly, are only exempted fro military duty while the Houses are in session. The Militia, or as it may be called, the Army, is divided into the Auszug, or Elite, the Landwehr, and the Landsturm. RECRUITING. The territory of the Federation is in accordance with the law of the 13th of November 1874 divided into eight divisions. The Infantry battalions, the squadrons of Dragoons, the Field and Mountain Batteries, and the companies of position Artillery, are known as troops of the Cantons, and are recruited territorially; the other units are recruited by the 177 [*6069*]Federation without regard to territorial limits. There is, therefore, this distinction in the Army, that certain troops are known as troops of the Cantons, and others as troops of the Federation. For the purpose of recruiting, the Infantry battalions in the Auszug, or Elite, the Cantons are divided into recruiting districts, in such a manner that each district supplies at least one, and not more than three battalions. The decision as to which men are physically fit for service is, in accordance with the law, left to a commission constituted for this purpose. Nobody can be admitted to any of the military organizations who does not possess every necessary qualification. The cavalry horses are purchased by the Federation, are trained at the remount depots, and upon the purchase as elsewhere explained by the recruit, each horse becomes the property of the man who buys him. In allotting the recruits to different arms, the size and keenness of sight of the recruits are considered. Men of the keenest sight are put into the Artillery, and in the detachments handling the machine guns; the smallest men are selected to the cycling corps; the largest go into the Artillery. A man who reaches the age for the performance of military service must 178 [*6070*]report at the proper time at the designated place in the Canton in which he resides, and as a rule he is equipped, assigned to his arm, and instructed there. All these details are governed by law, which it is the duty of the commanding officers of the various troops to have strictly complied with. the division of the Swiss Army into the various classes of the Auszug, Landwehr, and the Landsturm is a matter of age. For the first twelve years a man is in the Auszug, that is from twenty until thirty-two; from his thirty-third to his forty-fourth year he is in the Landwehr. the Landwehr is divided into two classes, the first consisting of the men from thirty- three to forty years of age, and the second of those from forty to forty-four. The exceptions to this rule are as follows: Non-commissioned officers and soldiers of the Cavalry leave the Auszug and enter the Landwehr at the end of ten year's service. This is because in the Cavalry a man has to perform a certain amount of service every year, while in the Infantry it is only every other year. All officers are liable to perform service in the Auszug or Landwehr until the completion of their forty-eighth year, which is four years longer than in the case of privates. 179 [*6071*] Staff officers can be detailed to duty either in the Auszug or the Landwehr at any time. Captains of all arms of the service may be retained in the Auszug until the completion of their thirty-eighth year. All officers enter the Landwehr on the completion of their thirty-fourth year. In the Field Post, and Telegraph Service Staff, officers serve until forty- eight years old, other officers until forty-four, and non-commissioned officers and soldiers until thirty- nine. In time of war, or when war is threatened, the Federal Assembly has the right to change the time in which officers and men pass from the Auszug into the Landwehr. In time of war the Auszug can be reinforced from the Landwehr and the Landsturm. LANDSTURM. Every citizen who is capable of bearing arms and who has not been incorporated in the Auszug or Landwehr, is liable to service in the Landsturm from the completion of his seventeenth year until the end of his fiftieth year. Volunteers under seventeen or over 50 180 [*6072*] may also be incorporated in the Lansturm . Exceptions similar in character to those specified for the Auszug or Landwehr are made in the case of service in the Landsturm: A very careful physical examination is made of all citizens when they reach a suitable age for service and only those are permitted to enter the Auszug who are physically capable of performing military service. All who are rejected must pay an annual tax, which in no instance is less than six francs, and which increases with the wealth of the individual up to the sum of three thousand franc, which is the maximum . The Federal Army includes, with the General Staff and the Staff of the separate sub-divisions of the force:-- A. Infantry. B. Cavalry C. Artillery D. Engineers. E. Medical Troops. F. Administration Troops. CAVALRY. A man wishing to serve in the Cavalry, must 181 [*6073*] bring a certificate from an official of his commune setting forth that he is financially able to buy and take care of a horse, or he must bring from responsible persons a guarantee that the necessary charges and expenses will be paid. The horses which are bought by the Government for the use of the Cavalry are valued by a commission of the Chief Veterinary Officers of the Federation, the Chief of the Cavalry, and the Chief Instructor of Cavalry. The cavalry-man buying a horse pays one half the sum thus set as the value of the horse, and receives each year from the Government one-tenth of the sum so paid, so that at the end of ten years he has received back all that he has paid and is the owner of the horse. Let us say that a horse has been valued at $250.00; the recruit who wishes this horse, pays to the Government $125.00 cash, and every year for ten years receives one tenth of the amount, or $12.50. When not engaged in military service, he takes the horse to his home, and is permitted to use him for riding, driving or working. The Cavalry is now a very popular arm of the service. The manifest advantages of this system are apparent. 182 [*6074*]As the Government is very careful in its selection of horses to get strong serviceable animals, the quality of horses throughout the country is steadily improving. The value of the Cavalry soldier is increased by the fact that his horse is with him the entire year, and there is in consequence, that mutual understanding between the rider and his horse which adds so much to the efficiency of the Cavalry force. As the man loses the value of the horse if any harm results from improper care or neglect, he has every inducement to see that the horse receives the best possible treatment, and instruction in the proper care and management of horses is given to all the Cavalry. Horses for the Artillery are hired when wanted They are valued by a commission at the time they enter the service. When the service is ended, they are again valued and the owner receives in addition to the hire of the horse, the difference, if any, between the two valuations. If at the end of his service, a horse is sick, he is kept by the Government until well, the owner receiving the stipulated price during this time for the hire of the horse. When entirely well he is returned. If the horse dies, the owner receives the amount at which the horse was valued. 183 [*6075*]SELECTION OF OFFICERS & NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. The law carefully provides for the way in which officers and non-commissioned officers are selected. No non-commissioned officer is selected except after the successful completion of the courses and school which are arranged for the instruction of candidates for such positions. In order to be commissioned as an officer, the following conditions must be complied with. In the Infantry a man must have been a non-commissioned officer, and as such must have successfully completed the work of a recruit school. In the Cavalry a man must as non-commissioned officer, have been through a non-commissioned officer's or recruit school, or a repetition course. Similar conditions are provided for commissions in the Artillery, Engineers and Medical Department, with additional requirements appropriate to the arm of the service. The selection as officer with the troops of the Canton is made by the military authorities, of the Canton; for troops of the Federation by the Federal Council. In every instance a certificate of fitness based upon the compliance with the above conditions is a necessary preliminary. To become a 1st Lieutenant, it is necessary that as 2nd Lieutenant a man should have met 184 [*6076*] the following requirements;- in the Infantry he should have completed one school of target practice, one recruit school and two repetition courses; in the Cavalry he should have completed one recruit school, and three repetition courses; in the Artillery one recruit school and two repetition courses; in the Engineers one recruit school, one repetition course, and one special school, either for the technical instruction in his arm, or a school in target practice; in the Medical Corps he must be qualified as an apothecary and must have served two years as Lieutenant;in the Veterinary School, he must have completed one recruit school, and one repetition course of the administration troops, and must have served as Lieutenant for two years. Corresponding requirements are necessary in order to be promoted from 1st Lieutenant to Captain. INSTRUCTION. The military law provides that the Cantons must see to it that the young men from 10 years upward are given regular gymnastic instruction which will 185 6077prepare them for the military service. The Federal authorities do not closely watch the work of the Cantons in respect to the carrying out of this law, but they supply instructors and as a matter of fact it is very generally complied with fully and completely. The Recruit Schools which are the time which the recruit spends in his first instruction, are used for the instruction of officers. The repetition courses, which are the time which the privates spend in service, after their first year, are in the same way used for the instruction of officers. 233 officers are permanently in service as instructors, and they are detailed to attend the recruit schools, and the repetition courses for the purpose of giving instruction and criticising the work of officers and men: They are officers of the Federation, and are paid a fixed sum annually. THE GENERAL STAFF. Every country which has developed along practical and scientific lines its armed force, has 186 6078found it necessary to have a general staff, and all countries have to a greater or less degree, imitated the organization of the German General Staff. In his book on "The Service of the General Staff," General Bronsard von Schellendorff has has described the growth and development of the General Staff, and has pointed out that it is the logical result of the growth and development of armies. Perhaps the most striking difference between the modern armies and the fighting forces of former times is to be found in the fact that the modern army requires an amount of administrative work which in magnitude stands nearly on an equality with that of the great industrial and commercial business of the world; but whose importance is far greater because any defect in the way in which this work is carried out results not merely in the loss of money, as is the case in any business; but in the needless loss of life. According to the modern science of war, a commanding general is entirely free from the set rules which in former times absolutely controlled the use of troops in battle, and he has an amount of mental responsibility in formulating his plan for campaign and battle which must be a task requiring all of any man's mental, nervous and physical strength. 187 6079In order, therefore, that a general may be free to perform in the best and most successful manner his arduous work, he must have helpers upon whose knowledge and ability he can rely implicitly. Naturally in order to have a body of officers who can render this service to commanding generals in such a way that they can depend absolutely upon these officers for the needed assistance, it is essential that they should have that training and experience which will fit them for their work. When one sees the thoroughness with which Switzerland has worked out all the details of its military organization, it follows, almost as a matter of course, that we should find a thoroughly educated and carefully organized General Staff. 188 6080Colonel Keller, Chief of the Swiss General Staff, had the kindness, in response to a request for information on the subject, to prepare a most interesting and valuable paper on the organization and work of the General Staff! This paper tells so clearly what the General Staff is, that his consent was obtained to print it with this report, and a translation of this paper will be found in the appendix. The following brief reference to the subject is based upon Colonel Keller's paper. In reading Colonel Keller's paper, the wide scope of the work which is under the charge of the General Staff will be noted, and the importance of careful study of these matters by trained officials will be apparent to every one. The General Staff is charged, along with other things, with the duty of preparing all orders necessary for the mobilization of the Swiss Army. They must study all problems connected with the national defence; they must obtain all possible information in regard to the organization and efficiency of foreign armies; they must decide what arms the Swiss troops should have, and make the necessary recommendations in regard to the supply of all war material. They are responsible for the tactics and instruction 189 6081of the troops, and prepare all plans for the manoevres; they prepare maps of Switzerland; they work out all the military problems connected with the use of railroads and steamboats, and they organize the field postal services. The officers of the General Staff are chosen by the Federal council from officers of any arm of the service, who have successfully passed the General Staff School I for the training of General Staff officers, and who have been recommended by their superior officers. The course of instruction in General Staff School I, for 1st Lieutenants and Captains who desire to enter the General Staff, lasts six weeks, including two weeks "staff ride". When selected for the General Staff, an officer must attend the General Staff School II, the duration of which is six weeks. This course is a continuation of the course given in the General Staff School I, and forms part of the theoretical instruction required for service on the General Staff. During the year following his appointment, a staff officer must pass through a further course known as School III, during which time he receives instruction connected with the practical work of troops in the field, and in military geography. In 190 6082addition to this work an officer must attend the recruit schools and repetition courses prescribed by law for the other arms of the service than the one to which he originally belonged, and thus an Infantry officer gets service with the Cavalry and Artillery; an Artillery officer with the Infantry and Cavalry; and a Cavalry officer with the Infantry and Artillery. At the expiration of four year's service on the General Staff, an officer must return to the line. The question of the re-admission of an officer to the General Staff is decided by the Military Department, at the suggestion of the Chief of General Staff. General Staff School IV is a practical course for the training of the higher General Staff officers. The chiefs of staff of army corps and of divisions are admitted to this school, and instruction is given in strategical operations. The course usually lasts from two to three weeks, and takes place every two years. The officers of the Railway Division of the General Staff are chosen from prominent railway officials. No previous course of instruction is required in their case, but after their selection for the Staff, they have to undergo a fortnight's training in 191 6083the work of their division. The higher officers of this division must, later on, go through a fortnight's course, which is a continuation of the first. In addition to the other requirements for advance in the General Staff, there are the following requirements in regard to length of service: In order to become a Major, an officer must have served at least five years as a Captain; in order to become a Lieutenant-Colonel, an officer must have served five years as a Major, and in order to become a Colonel, an officer must have served six years as a Lieutenant-Colonel. The importance of careful training is fully recognized, and it is a pre-requisite of appointment and promotion in the Staff, that an officer should have finished with success, the required courses of instruction. The system by which Switzerland commands the services of all its citizens, enables it to secure a higher degree of efficiency in all lines of scientific work than is possible in a country where only a limited number of the citizens volunteer their services. The Engineers and the Medical Corps are striking examples of this, and without materially interfering with 192 6084the work of the individual in the practice of his profession, it brings into the service of the State, the ablest men in the country. This inevitably results in the maintenance of the highest possible standards of efficiency and merit, and the military forces and the country both reap the benefits which flow from this. ENGINEERS. As all the engineers in Switzerland are like other citizens, liable to military duty, the professional ability of the officers of this part of the forces, is of the highest order. There is practically no problem in engineering which the officers of the Swiss Militia are not able to solve; and the corps is well drilled and instructed in building pontoon and permanent bridges. The Telegraph Corps is made up almost entirely of men who are practical telegraphists, and when in their military service they build telegraph lines or 193 6083send or receive messages, they are but doing that work for which their occupation in life trains them. The same is true of the pontooners or bridge-builders. It will be of interest in America to know that one of the officers who is at present an Instructor of Engineers, is a graduate of West Point. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. The most scientific doctors in Switzerland, some of them men whose reputation has made them famous all over Europe, all available for the Medical Department of the Swiss Army. The instruction which the doctors receive includes a certain amount of purely military information, but in addition to this, they receive from the most distinguished surgeons and physicians in the country, instruction of a purely medical and scientific nature; and in order to retain their commissions or secure promotion must prove by examination, their medical skill and proficiency. Switzerland recognizes that in time of war its 194 6086supply of hospital tents and of hospital attendants would be entirely inadequate. With characteristic forethought for the suffering of its citizens, it has worked out in time of profound peace, a system by which its sick and wounded soldiers may be spared the overcrowding in hospital tents and the inadequate service which the future historians will have to record as having marred the records of a richer but less provident nation. Every hotel in Switzerland is available for the use of the hospital authorities in time of war. The number of beds, the character of the furniture, the sanitary condition of every hotel is known by the medical authorities, and this record is revised and corrected every four or five years to ensure its accuracy. As it is quite impossible in the organization of any fighting force to provide for a number of trained attendants sufficient to meet the demands resulting from heavy fighting or grave camp epidemics, this contingency is provided for by the organization in every locality of branches of the Red Cross Society, whose members voluntarily give the time to secure at least a moderate amount of instruction and training in the care 195 6087of the sick and wounded, and there is thus insured for the grave crisis of war a large number of persons, who under the direction of the medical officers, could render much valuable aid. ADMINISTRATION DIVISION. The Administration Division of the force as it is called, is charged with preparing the necessary amount of mean and bread for the troops in the field. The men in this Department are almost entirely butchers and bakers. They receive in their training as recruits a certain amount of military instruction sufficient to enable them to execute the necessary military movements in detachments, companies or battalions. They are taught to prepare for use in the shortest possible time the ovens in which the bread is to be baked, the sheds in which the cattle are to be slaughtered, and the necessary buildings or sheds in which the bread and meat are to be kept before it is sent to the designated places for distribution. When 196 6088any body of troops is in the field, the proper number of officers and men belonging to the Administration Division, establish their plant at some suitable and convenient place which has been selected by the General Staff. This Division has its own train, and the meat and bread are conveyed to the designated place of distribution where they are turned over to the detachments from the different units, and are by them taken to their camp or bivouac. If a force is suddenly mobilized the houses in the adjacent villages would be used for baking bread during the first twelve hours; at the end of that tune, the ovens and buildings necessary to supply the troops with meat and bread would be ready for use. The plant of the Administration Division consists of an engine, which is used in kneading the dough, of the necessary number of sheds and buildings for the storage of bread and meat, and of the ovens. When the dough is ready for kneading, enough to make bread for 400 men is put in a cylinder about five feet long and two and a half to three feet in diameter. This is placed on a small truck, carried to the engine, and when placed in position the cylinder revolves, as does a curved iron bar on the inside of the cylinder; 197 6089in ten minutes this dough is kneaded. It was my privilege to visit the Administration Division at Rapperswyll, where the plant has been established for the Manoeuvres of 1900. 180 men were on duty there, and they prepared the bread and meat rations for 26,000 men a day without the slightest difficulty. The maximum capacity of the engine in use was 48,000 rations of bread at one and half pounds each per day. The physical examination, which is very severe, practically excludes about fifty per-cent of the population from service in the Army. To fail in this examination and to be rejected for service is a disappointment shared alike by the man, his family and his friends. When a young man is rejected for physical disability, he pays an annual tax; everyone paying at least six francs. The maximum tax is three thousand francs, or six hundred dollars. The tax is based upon the amount of capital and of income. One thousand francs of invested capital is exempted, but beyond this every thousand francs pays one franc and a half. Six hundred francs of income is exempted, and after this every hundred francs of income pays one and half francs. When the recruit first reports for instruction, the course 198 [*6090*]through which he passes is know as a Recruit School. Part of the instruction of every private covers the reading and use of maps; great importance is attached to this in all arms of the service. The length of these schools varies in the different arms, it being six weeks for the Infantry, and three month for the Cavalry. When the recruit joins he is given his uniform and military equipment; when he goes to his home after completing the Recruit School or any other military duty, he takes everything with him, and it must be in the best possible condition. An inspection of everything is made before he leaves for his home, his gun must be in order, all buttons must be on his uniform, and all his equipment must be in a condition suitable for immediate use. If on his return to service any injury has been done to part of his equipment, he is personally responsible, unless he can prove that the injury was not caused through his fault. The Cavalry are called out during the first ten years of their service ten days in each year, and then pass into the Landwehr. The other arms of the service are only called out for what are called the Repetition Courses every other year, the time varying in the different arms from fourteen to eighteen days. 199 [*6091*]After the completion of the service in the Auszug, the soldier passes into the Landwehr, when he is called out every fourth year for from eight to eleven days at a time. During the years when a soldier is not passing through a course of instruction, or a repetition course, he must shoot at least forty rounds, and this is easily accomplished by the fact that everywhere throughout Switzerland there are rifle ranges which, although conducted and managed by citizens, are to a certain extent, under Government supervision; shooting at these ranges in accordance with the prescribed conditions, gives the man his annual musketry practice near his own home with the lease possible inconvenience to himself, and under conditions which make it a pleasure instead of a task, for the entire nation is intensely interested in rifle shooting, very much as our people are interested in baseball. RIFLE CLUBS. No account of the Swiss military system would be complete without a description of the rifle clubs, 200 6092which, although not a part of the military system, yet contribute so much to the efficiency of the Swiss soldier. An article in the "Nineteenth Century" for June 1900, by Colonel J. H. Rivett Carnac, gives a most excellent account of these clubs. In 1898 there were 3,447 rifle clubs with 210,504 members. In almost every village throughout the country, there is to be found a rifle range. If it is impossible to secure a long range, a shorter one is accepted. The majority of the ranges are about 400 metres. Advantage is taken of a hill, wherever possible, as the background for the targets. The obstacles which in America or England would make the use of a range impossible, do not seem to count in Switzerland; for example in a small village not far from Lucerne, where the houses are in a narrow valley between two hills, the firing point is on a hill one side of the valley, and the targets face it on the opposite hillside; the shooting is thus done over the tops of the houses, and over the heads of all who are passing on the high-way, and the condition is accepted with perfect satisfaction by everyone, and so far as I could learn, without any accidents. Each rifle club must have at least ten members. The by-laws of the club 201 6093have to be sanctioned by the musketry officer of the district in which the club is, who, with the members of the musketry committee of the battalion of that district, control the work. Registers are kept and annual reports submitted. In addition to the other officers of the club, there is a Musketry Captain, who is specially charged with instruction and with the military side of the proceedings. Colonel Carnac refers to the calculations made by Colonel Kindler of Zurich to the effect that the number of cartridges used annually in the military courses is five millions; the quantity drawn by the clubs is sixteen millions, thus leaving eleven millions for what may be called civil shooting. The Government makes the cartridges which are used by the soldiers and by the members of the shooting clubs. It loses on each cartridge about three centimes, or three-fifths of a cent, the object being to sell the cartridges at so low a figure as to encourage their generous use by citizens. The total loss to the Government for the cartridges thus sold to citizens, exclusive, of course, of all cartridges used by soldiers in service, is for the modern rifle about 300,000 francs, or $60,000 a year, and 20,000 francs, 202 6094or $4,000 on the cartridges for the old rifles, some of which are still used by members of the shooting clubs, and 12,000 francs, or $2,400 on the cartridges for revolvers. The most striking feature of the training of the Swiss Army is the almost entire disregard of all phases of military work which are not of importance in actual campaigning. No effort is made to give the soldiers that appearance which in England is called "smartness" and which we describe as "well set up", or "trim". Little instruction is given in ceremonies. Hard practical work, long marches, always in full kit, are the rule, and little attention is paid to that mathematical precision which our Militia regard as so important in their company, battalion or regimental movements. The Swiss officers say the time is so short that they are compelled to limit their training to the most important matters. The Government keeps an ample supply of rough uniforms which are issued to the men for their different schools 203 6095and courses and for the manoeuvres. Having seen how little attention was paid to the exact execution of company movements, it was a surprise at the review which followed the manoeuvres to see the 26,000 men of all arms of the service march past with alignments which would have done credit to the best Militia organizations in the United States and with distances well maintained. The inference seems to be that if a body of men are trained to do the hard work that properly falls to a soldier's lot, they will be able to march well without having wasted time in practicing this to the exclusion of more important work. In a recent speech made by Lord Salisbury he stated that the strength of Switzerland was shown not in its military organization; but in the spirit of its people. This is undoubtedly a profound truth. The wonderful results which Switzerland accomplishes-- for military experts from every corner of the world have paid their hearty tribute to the excellence of these results--are due, not alone to the fact that every citizen is liable to do military duty, not alone to the fact that they have carefully devised a plan by which instruction can be given to all able-bodied men, but chiefly to the extraordinary spirit which seems to be 204 6096a practical manifestation of patriotism and love of country, a spirit which prompts every man, from the new recruit to the oldest Colonel in the service, to do cheerfully and happily, everything in his power to make the Swiss force as good as possible. At the end of a long day's work, I was standing beside a Swiss officer looking out over the lake beyond which rose the distant mountains, glistening in the setting sun. No one could have looked at the quiet lake, and towering mountains of snow without being stirred by the beauty of the scene. To the Northeast were the Swiss passes which would be of strategic value to Austria; to the North was the German frontier, and thirty thousand Swiss citizens in bivouac and cantonment were preparing themselves to resist the invader from whatever direction he might come. As we looked toward the distant mountains, the officer at my side said, partly to himself, "It is a land worth fighting for," and it seemed to me that in those few words was expressed that love of country which has given to Switzerland the best Militia in the world. 205 [*6097*]THE SWISS MANOEUVRES OF 1900. When the Present Governor of New York returned to America after his military service in Cuba he expressed the opinion that the United States should once a year put at least 10,000 or 15,000 troops into camp, move them in railroad trains and transport them on the water, for the purpose of getting practical experience in the management of camps, and movement of troops on land, and their proper care while traveling by water. This recommendation was the practical and common-sense conclusion which followed personal experience with soldiers in camp, in railroad train and on transports during our last war. No American would admit that any nation was superior to us in ability to carry on the great business enterprises of the day, which require so much administrative and executive ability.; but the fact remains incontrovertibly proved by the painful records of our last war, that we were not able at the beginning of the war properly to perform all the administration work connected with organizing, moving and caring for our soldiers. There was at the time great indignation because this work was not better done; but the 206 [*6098*]people did not recognize the fact that the unsatisfactory conditions were directly due to the fact that we had never permitted our Army to have the training necessary to enable it to do such work well. Other countries which incur the expense of maintaining a force to fight recognize the inevitable necessity of training it in all phases of the administrative work of moving and caring for an army. It has been well said that if one of our great railroad companies should stop running all but a few of its unimportant trains, keeping only a small force of men who were theoretically instructed in their duties as engineers, firemen, conductors, etc., and if after the lapse of a quarter of a century of this limited work, and theoretic study, the attempt should suddenly be made to run express trains on schedule time, and to handle great quantities of freight, and if important positions were filled with men who had never given a thought to railroad work; but who had been lawyers, merchants and clerks, it is certain that the first few weeks would witness many terrible accidents, the loss of many lives, and the destruction of much property. What is true of a railroad is equally true of an army in the field, and this is especially the case 207 [*6099*]in modern times when the purely business side of all large military operations is of such importance. It is a recognition of these plain and simple truths which had led so many countries to spend large sums of money on their peace manoeuvres. In Bronsart von Schellendorff's book on the duties of the General Staff, a chapter is devoted to the subject of "Peace Manoeuvres". In his account of the development of peace manoeuvres in Prussia, he calls attention to the fact that the military successes of his country, both in the present and in past centuries, have always followed a time when manoeuvres were considered of the highest importance, and when the troops were given the most complete opportunity for profiting by the training which these exercises afford; and that on the other hand, with the decline of peace manoeuvres, and the excessive attention which in the beginning of the present century was given to what he calls, "The unproductive niceties of parade drill", preceded Prussia's most terrible disasters. Frederick the 2nd gave the most careful attention to the training of his troops on the manoeuvre fields of Potsdam, Spardam and Berlin, and this careful and intelligent work, undoubtedly, contributed in a 208 [*6100*]very great degree to the victories which he won in the seven year's war. Von Schellendorff says: "that the military "genius of Frederick the Great certainly does not suffer "if we admit that without such troops as had been trained "by him for war, he could never have carried out his "plans, and that without such an excellent army, the "battle of Louthen, fought against the three-fold superiority "in numbers, could not have possibly resulted in "a Prussian victory". After his death, the training of the troops suffered from the fatal tendency to make mathematical precision the most important part of the soldier's training, and this, coupled with the tendency to make the manoeuvres more spectacular than practical, preceded the disasters of the years 1806 and 1807. On the re-organization of the army which followed these unfortunate years, an effort was made to put the peace manoeuvres on a sounder basis, and practical training for actual service in the field, is now the object sought to be attained in Germany and in Switzerland. The entire chapter on "Peace Manoeuvres" in Von Schellendorff's book, is well worth study because of the interesting information and valuable suggestions which it contains on the various phases of peace 209 [*6101*]manoeuvres. All the countries except America, which maintain armies, now consider that the training which is obtained by manoeuvres is absolutely essential to the proper development of a force, and the Swiss people, who have no greater fondness for paying taxes than their fellow-Republicans in America, spend $400,000 every two years for the purpose of giving commanding officers, staff officers, and all the different members of the force, that practical experience in the performance of a soldier's duty, which manoeuvres alone afford in advance of actual campaigning during a war. The general principle upon which the manoeuvres were arranged in 1900 is similar to that governing in other years. The practical experience in the field begins with the training of companies, then of battalions, then of regiments, and finally culminates in the grand manoeuvres in which divisions and army corps take part. A portion of the troops represented an invading army, advancing from the Austrian frontier near the Boden See: and the balance of the troops represented a defending force which was to drive back their opponents. Carefully prepared orders relating to all the arrangements for the manoeuves were printed in advance. 210 [*6102*]These included clear and explicit directions in regard to the Transport, Medical, Veterinary and Field Post Service. Arrangements were made for taking the sick to the different hospitals specified in printed orders. From the 10th to the 12th of September, the manoeuvres were carried on by brigades, from the 13th to the 15th of September a division operated against a division, and on the 17th and 18th of September, the 3rd Army Corps was engaged in operations against a combined division. In the operations in which division opposed division, it was supposed that an army from the East had advanced from the St. Gallen Rhine Valley, as far as Wyl, and had occupied the Torgenburger Pass as far as Reichen. An army from the West had assembled on the high lands near Brueten, with certain portions in echelon along Greifen Lake. Operations began on the morning of the 13th of September at 9 o'clock and lasted without interruption until the "cease fire" sounded on the 15th. Excellent maps of t he terraine embraced in the manoeuvres were issued to all officers, to all non-commissioned officers of Cavalry, to all Sergeants of other arms, and to all cyclists and orderlies. The troops were supplied with blank ammunition, one hundred rounds to each 211 [*6103*]Infantryman; of these fifteen were to be expended in the preliminary work, twenty-five during the brigade manoeuvres, and sixty during the manoeuvres between the army corps and divisions. The Cavalry received sixty rounds, and the Artillery seven hundred and eighty; the Engineers sixty, and the Telegraph Companies forty- eight per man. It is not necessary for the purposes of this Report to discuss the sham battles, which were fought during the manoeuvres. The least important part of the manoeuvres is the imitation battle. No plan has ever been devised by which the conditions of an engagement between two opposing hostile forces can be even approximated in time of peace; but in the administrative work, in the duties of the staff, the movements of troops, the disposal of the force in an advance, or for the protection of a defensive position, most valuable and useful experience can be obtained by officers and men. The preliminary orders, a translation of which will follow, and the orders which were issued each day, translations of which are in the appendix, will serve to give an accurate idea of the work done during the manoeuvres of 1900. 212 [*6104*] The following figures were obtained by the kindness of Colonel Gutswiller, of the Swiss Military Department. It will be borne in mind that all of the marching is done in heavy marching order. On the 13th of September the 13th brigade of infantry marched on an average 38 kilometres ( 23-1/2 miles): the 76th battalion which was in cantonments at the furthest distance to the North marched 41 kilometres, ( 25-1/2 miles). On this march the brigade made an ascent of 417 metres, ( 1369.77 feet). The 7th division marched from 25 to 35 kilometres, ( 15-1/2 to 21-1/2 miles), and was engaged in the battle exercises between four and five hours on the 13th and 15th of September, and practically the same amount of work was done by the 6th division on the 18th of September. On the 15th of September, the Third Army Corps had in cantonment in Zurich and its vicinity 1125 officers, 25343 men and 4190 horses. (I desire to say that notwithstanding the fact that this very considerable body of troops was in the city there was, so far as I could learn, the most excellent order and discipline, and the quiet of the city on Sunday was in no way disturbed.) At the review by the chief of the Military De- 212 "a" [*6105*]partment, Colonel Müller, there marched past 1002 officers, 22,221 enlisted men, and the Cavalry had 3357 horses. (Elsewhere I have referred to the fact that, as a result of the action of the government in the purchase of horses for the Cavalry, and the subsequent sale to the men of that arm of the service, the standard of excellence of the horses throughout Switzerland, is very high. Any country might have been well satisfied to see over three thousand such horses belonging to one army corps.) The division which was organized for the manoeuvres on the 17th and 18th of September consisted of 12 battalions of Infantry, 7 squadrons of Cavalry, 6 Field Batteries, and a division of Position Artillery, and numbered about 12,000 men, with 76 guns. The health of the troops was exceedingly good; the largest sick report was on the 15th of September, namely 356, or 1-23/100 per-cent of the entire force. 212 "b" 6106CONCLUSION SELECTION OF OFFICERS. A study of the armies of the world will show that when a country makes merit and capacity the basis for the selection and promotion of its officers, it gets better results than if it were to let favoritism, or political influence control. If the military forces exist in order to do in the most effective and efficient manner possible the work which an armed force must do when war begins, it is absolutely necessary to eliminate, so fr as possible, political and financial influence, or personal favoritism in the selection or promotion of officers. When a people has, fo many years, regarded many of the positions of a civil nature connected with the administrative work of city, county, state and nation, as the legitimate an proper rewards for those persons who have strong political influence, it is hardly tp be expected that in time of war, the whole temper of the nation should change, and that they should apply a totally different principle to military positions. Yet it is hard to understand why a generous and noble 6107 213people should be willing to trust the feeding, the transportation and the command of those citizens who volunteer to risk their lives for their country's defense, to incompetent or untrained officers. The history of every war in which this country has been engaged shows that this course has sometimes been followed; while the men are suffering there is much indignation, but when the war is ended, and the thought that lives have been needlessly squandered has, by lapse of time, lost its horror, the people have shown themselves indifferent to these great questions, and have, through their representatives, perpetuated conditions which were certain in the future to entail needless suffering, and useless death. The little Republic of Switzerland sets us an example which we may study with profit, and as we contrast the conditions of their military forces with those of our own, it must be apparent to everyone that they have embodied in their system the true principles of democracy. No political influence, no social backing, no financial power can take a man from civil life and make him an officer of any rank without his having gone through the ranks, and having completed with credit the work deemed necessary to qualify him for a 214 [*6108*]commission. We have perpetuated a system which is a pure relic of the arbitrary kingly power by which favors were showered on favorites. Men who have had financial, or social, or political influence, and who have been without any training or experience, have been made field officers, and even Brigadier-Generals. It is probably useless to protest against this un-Republican, and un-Democratic method of securing officers; but this truth must be recognized by the American people, that if they want the best and most efficient military system which it is possible to have, it is absolutely necessary that merit and efficiency should be the basis of selection and promotion. The German General Staff, which has produced a most competent and efficient body of officers, has made merit an absolute pre-requisite to appointment and promotion and this has been done, not because those high in office did not enjoy the privilege of recommending their friends and relatives for high positions; but because it was plainly recognized that the most effective fighting machine could only be secured by eliminating those influences which were opposed to the efficiency of the forces. In the same way Switzerland, with 215 [*6109*]its strongly Democratic principles, the very antithesis, in its political and social life, of Germany, has adopted a system which precludes the possibility of selecting untrained men to lead their soldiers, or to perform the administrative work of the forces in time of war. It is for the American people to decide whether they will perpetuate a system which was partly responsible for the awful record of the Crimean War, and for some of those phases of our last two wars which we prefer to leave hidden by the mist of intentional forgetfulness, or whether they will so organize their fighting forces that merit, training and efficiency shall be the stepping stones to success, in accordance with the true principles of American institutions. 216 [*6110*]RECOMMENDATIONS. It will be admitted by everyone that no army which the American people may maintain will be strong enough,numerically, to carry on any foreign war. It is probable that the maximum strength of the American Army in time of peace will never exceed 100,000. The guns for harbor defence which in accordance with the recommendations of the Endicott Board, are being placed along our coast, will require for their service over 80,000 artillerymen. That our Army will be inadequate for all our needs in time of war admits of no doubt. It might be well to give the Army a Reserve of its own. It would be comparitively easy to lengthen the term of enlistment so that after the completion of an enlisted man's service with the colors, he would be liable for a certain number of years to return to his regiment in time of war. But even if this were done, the force would still be inadequate, and it should be inadequate, for the United States will take a downward step when it plans to do all its fighting with professional soldiers; the people must rally to its defence in time of war, and any plan of military organization which does not recognize thus, is un-American; the people should and will demand the 217 [*6111*]privilege of fighting for their country if it is attacked, and it is for every reason proper that a plan should be formulated in accordance with which the citizens of the country will be allowed to volunteer. The time to decide what that force should be, how it is to be organized, and how its officers should be selected, should for every reason be settled in time of peace. It is practically certain that in our next war, as in our last two, a Volunteer Army will be organized, and all the necessary questions connected with the organization of this force should be settled now, not only because of the importance of deciding in advance such vital questions; but also because it directly concerns the status and obligations of the existing State Forces. It is only just to the officers and men of the existing National Guard, or State Militia, that the relation of those forces to the Army in time of war should be so clearly settled that the citizens who enlist in these forces in time of peace, should know exactly what obligations and responsibilities they incur. The status of the existing State Forces can only be settled by Congress. This can be done by the simple exercise of the power vested in Congress by Article I, Section 8, of the constitution of the United 218 [*6112*]States, which provides that; "the Congress shall have power ------------- To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia--". If the existing State Forces are the Militia of the Constitution, there can be no question about the right of Congress to provide for their organization, and it would be equally competent for Congress to specify in providing for this organization, what use would be made of the State Forces in time of war. We should not forget the uncertainty, doubt and misunderstanding which, in some states, marked the period during which the Volunteer forces were being organized, nor the intense feeling which in some National Guard organizations, sprang from the conviction that the responsibilities and duties of that force had not been understood by those high in authority; surely the greatest service which could be rendered to the National Guard and which, at the same time, would be a service to State and Nation, would be to put that force in such a position that every man in it would know what he could be ordered to do in time of war; and at the same time, the right of the proper authorities to order these States Forces to perform its duties, should be made perfectly clear. Such attention on the part of Congress would 219 [*6113*]in all probability, only be possible in the event of a practical agreement by the members of the National Guard that such action was wise; doubtless, in many instances, such a re-organization might result in certain changes which would not have the approval of individual officers of the Guard; but the question is of such vital importance that it is safe to assume that individual feelings will be subordinated to the general public good. I have not attempted to discuss any of the details connected with these questions for the reason that in the discussions which have for many years been carried on regarding our military organization, the fundamental principal have, too often, been obscured by the prominence which has been given to non-essential details. In conclusion I beg to submit the following suggestions regarding the action by Congress which would give us a military system based upon sound principles, which would make that system conform to the spirit and tradition of our institutions, and which would materially increase the usefulness of the State Forces. First. The principles upon which the best and most efficient general Staffs of modern armies 220 [*6114*]are organized, should be applied to out military for-ces. Second. The Army should be given a Reserve of its own. Third. A plan should be adopted in time of peace for organizing the Volunteer forces which must supplement the Army in time of war, and for select-ing the officers of these forces. Fourth. The Militia should be organized by Congress, and the status of this force, and the character of the duty which it could be ordered to do in time of war, should be clearly defined. 221 [*6115*]APPENDIX. 6116General Staff. Colonel Keller, Chief of the Swiss General Staff, had the kindness, in response to a request for information on the subject, to give me some facts in regard to the organization of the Staff, and as they are so complete, and contain so much valuable information, his consent was obtained to embody them in this Report. The following is a translation of the paper. Notes on the Organization of the Swiss General Staff. 1. Provisions of Law governing the Organization of the General Staff. The Federal Law of November 13th, 1874, which provides for the Military Organization of the country, forms the basis of the organization of the General Staff, as well as the entire system of defence. This Law specifies the duties of the General Staff in time of peace in articles 74, 75 and 250, which are as follows: ARTICLES 74 and 250. In time of peace the Chief of the General Staff is at the head of the Staff, and upon him devolves, in accordance with special regulations, [*6117*]the organization of the different departments the personnel and the instruction of the Staff. He has charge of the military archives, and scientific collections, and supervises the topographical survey of the country, and the Topographical Department. ARTICLE 75. With the assistance of the necessary number of General Staff officers, the Chief of the General Staff directs and carries out all preparations for placing the Army in the field, and for its movement, and collects and works out the various methods of raising armies, as well as all scientific works in regard to the Swiss and foreign armies. By a decision of the Federal Council on December 12th, 1879, the charge of the Topographical Department was transferred to the then Chief of the Engineer Corps in consequence of the death of the former Chief of the General Staff. The Topographical Department has thus been under the charge of the Chief of the Engineer Corps up to the present time, and forms an independent branch of the military administration. Arrangements are being made to separate the Topographical Department from the Engineer Corps, and to place it under the immediate jurisdiction of the Military Department. [*6118*]A. The organization of the General Staff has been determined by various decrees of the Federal Council, as well as by orders issued from time to time by the Military Department, and by an order issued in 1897, by the Federal Council, which is confidential: The General Staff is organized as follows; 1. Chief of the General Staff. II. The Secretary's Office with; 1. Principal Secretary (in charge) 1 Secretary, I class. 4 Secretaries, II class. 1 attendant. III. 5 Chiefs of Departments, viz: 1. Chief of the Intelligence Department. 2. Chief of the General Staff Department 3. Chief of the Mobilization Department. 4. Chief of the Geographical Department. 5. Chief of the Railway Department. The division of the work, as provided by the Regulation of 1897 is briefly as follow: 1. The chief of the General Staff is in charge of all schools and instruction courses, reconnaissance work, and of all the work of the above different Departments, as well as of all other instruction courses which are under the General Staff (Railway Service, Territorial and Etappen Service, Field Post, Field-Telegraph, and Cycle Corps. He instructs in strategy and in other branches [*6119*]which he selects. He has the entire management of the work of the offices of the General Staff as well as the indivi- dual work of General Staff officers, when not in service. He forwards all his proposals in regard to organization, instruction, war supplies, defence of the country, communications, etc., direct to the Swiss Military De- partment. He determines with the consent of the Military Department the distribution and employment of General Staff officers, and manages all matters having reference to the staff of employees in the General Staff Corps. He directs all purchases for the Military Library, and for the collection of maps. He is an ex-officio member and adviser of the National Defence Committee. II. The Secretary's Office. The Chief Secretary supervises the work of the office assistants, and of the attendant. He attends to the accounts and disbursements of the office and has charge of the military library. The first and second secretaries perform the office work alotted to them. For each Department, of the General Staff, a secretary is assigned for special work 6120 III. The five chiefs of departments perform the duties assigned to them by the Chief of the General Staff, and on their own initiative do all work belonging to their department. They give instruction, and supervise the work of those officers who are provision- ally detailed to perform work in the General Staff. In the schools and courses under the charge of the General Staff, they officiate as instructors in the various subjects, viz., general tactics, leading of troops, General Staff work, military topography and re- connaissance, fortification, military geography, war history, and the service in rear of the army, including railway communication and administration service. The following are the principal duties per- formed by these five departments: I. Preparation and working out of the mobilization orders of the Swiss Army. II. Matters in connection with national defence. III. The study of foreign armies. IV. Telegraph and signal service, carrier pigeon, the adoption of secret codes,balloon service and mili- 6121tary photography V. Fortifications. VI. Supply of arms and war material for the Swiss Army. VII. Duties of the General Staff, and of the differ- ent members of the Staff. VIII. Territorial service, and supplies of Reserve. IX. Military cycle corps. X. General tactics, instruction of troops, and manoeuvres. XI. Military geography and preparation of maps. XII. Martial Law, and war history. XIII. Railway and steamboat services XIV. Communication and transportation service. XV. Field post. The General Staff in accordance with Article 247 of the Military Law, forms the Administrative De- partment of the military service. The Chief of the General Staff as well as the Chiefs of the four arms,and the remaining Departmental Chiefs, are under the direct control of the Chief of the Military Department. He acts in co-operation with the Chiefs of the four arms in personal matter, and in transfers from the line to the General Staff, and vice versa, the Chief of the Gen- 6122eral Staff advises the Military Department after having previously conferred with the respective Chiefs of the four arms. B. Organization of the Topographical Department. The following officials are under the control of the Chief of the Engineer Corps in his capacity as Chief,for the time being, of the Topographical Depart- ment. First Topographer, (Deputy Chief) Second Topographer. Secretary and Manager of the Map Department. The Office is divided as follows: I. The Land-Survey Department, under the management of the Second Topographer, with 9 engineer assistants. II. The Topographical Department, under the First Topographer, with 10 engineer assistants. III. Drawing Office, with Chief and 6 assistants. IV. Engraving Department, with 1 Chief, 2 engravers, and various assistants. V. Lithographic Department, with 3 assistants. VI. Photographic reproduction, with 1 photographer, and 2 assistants. VII. Secretary's Office and Map Department, with 6123Secretary and 5 assistants. Total of Staff, 50 to 60 officials and assistants. The map printing is entrusted to private firms. 2. GENERAL STAFF CORPS AND RAILWAY DPT. A. Legal provisions for its composition and present composition of same. The Military Organization Act of 1874 in Article 70 says: a separate corps shall be formed for service in the General Staff which shall consist, independently of the railway section, of 3 Colonels, 16 Lieutenant-Colonels, or Majors; and 35 Captains. Total 54 officers. In regard to the Railway Department of the General Staff, Article 72 states: A special division of the General Staff shall be chosen from the executive officers and the directors of railways. The duty of these officers in time of peace is to arrange the work of the railways to be carried out during time of war, and to arrange for the 6124necessary destruction and restoration of the railways in war time. On the outbreak of war, these officers are subject to the orders of the Railway Department. In consequence of the various changes in the organization since 1874, and particularly owing to the law passed in 1891 in reference to the formation of Army Corps, an increase in the composition of the General Staff, especially in the higher grades, was necessary, and consequently in June 1900, the following officer composed the General Staff. A. General Staff Corps; 12 Colonels, 15 Lieutenant- Colonels, 9 Majors, and 31 Captains. Total 67 officers. B. Railway Department; 4 Colonels, 12 Lieutenant- Colonels, 10 Majors and 19 Captains. Total 45 officers. Officers of the General Staff are assigned to duty as follows: to Army Staff, 5 Colonels, 3 Lieutenant- Colonels. Total 8 officers. From these in [1]900 1 Colonel is commander, ad interim, of a brigade of Infantry, and 1 Colonel is commander, as interim, of a regiment of Artillery. To each Army Corps Staff; 1 Colonel as Chief of Staff, 1 Lieutenant-Colonels or Major as 2nd General Staff Officer; 1 Major or Captain as 3rd General [*6125*]Staff Officer. Total 12 officers, and also 1 officer of Railway Department. To each Division Staff; 1 Lieutenant-Colonel as Chief of Staff, 1 Captain as 2nd Chief Staff Officer. Total 16 officers. To each Brigade of Infantry; 1 Major or Captain. Total 20 officers. At the fortresses of St. Gotthard and St. Maurice: St. Gotthard 2 and St. Maurice 1 officer. Total 3 officers. Not detailed, but available: 3 Colonels, 1 Lieutenant-Colonel, 4 Captains. Total 8 officers. Total of Staff 67 officers. The officers of the Railway Division of the General Staff are detailed to the different offices and departments of the Staff. 1 officer is detailed to each Army Corps Staff. B. Article 71 of the Military Organization Act lays down the following conditions for entering the General Staff: The officers of the General Staff are chosen by the Federal Council from those officers in any arm of [*6126*]the service who are proposed either by the Senior In- structor, Chiefs of the four arms, or by the commanding officers of divisions, and who have successfully passed the first school of training for the General Staff. The course of instruction in the first General Staff school for Senior Lieutenants and Captains, who desire to enter the General Staff, must according to Article 98 of the Military Organization Act, last 10 weeks, in- cluding a General Staff ride of two weeks. Since 1894 the school has been divided into two sections, the instruction being given during two successive years; the first part (school-l A) lasting 6 weeks, the second part, (school-l B) lasting 4 weeks, of which periods one week in each year is devoted to the Staff ride. The officers who wish to attend the General Staff school 1 A, are first proposed by the Chief of their arms, and the senior instructors, as well as by the senior commanders of troops. They must have passed through the central school I for Lieutenants, and Senior Lieutenants, as well as being, as far a possible, thoroughly capable of commanding a unit of their arm of the service. After having successfully passed the General 6127 Staff school 1 B, the Federal Council then nominates the candidate as a General Staff officer. C. Instruction of General Staff officers during the first four years of their time of service on the General Staff. The newly appointed General Staff officers must first of all attend the General Staff School II, which, in accordance with Clause 98 of the Military Organization Act, must last 6 weeks, including a ride with the General Staff. This course is a continuation of the instruction given in the General Staff School I, and forms a part of the theoretical education required for service on the General Staff. A successful completion of the General Staff School II is absolutely necessary for subsequent promotion in the General Staff. In the following year, General Staff officers have to pass through a further course, ( Course III), considering of a 3 week's ride, (march-out), for the purpose of practical study. The object of these rides is to gain experience in practical work, and in military geography. Officers from the different branches of the service are admitted to the General Staff Schools II and III so long [*6128*]as there is sufficient room for them. According to Article 100 of the Military Organization Act, General Staff officers are also required, during the first period of service on the General Staff, to attend the recruit schools and repetition courses of those branches of the Army other than the branch to which they are themselves attached. An officer, therefore, who has been in the Infantry, must serve in the Cavalry and Artillery, and vice-versa, in order to become acquainted with the duties of these branches; as far as possible, General Staff officers must also attend the engineering schools and courses. Those officers who, at the time of their appointment as Captain on the General Staff have not completed their instruction as commanding officer in their particular branch, must make good the deficiency as soon as possible. General Staff officers attached to the staffs of brigades, divisions and corps take part in the practice of the troops of their arm of the service, as well as in the instruction courses which are held for the higher officers of Army corps to which they are attached. According to Article 99 of the Military Organization Act, General Staff officers are, during the [*6129*] Winter, instructed in the work of the different departments in the General Staff Bureau. They are attached to a department of the General Staff Bureau, and have to perform, under the guidance of the Chief of that department, the various duties assigned to the General Staff Bureau. This course of bureau instruction usually lasts several weeks. The officers wear during this time, like the permanent staff of the bureau, civilian clothes. D. The return of General Staff officers to the line. The necessity of sending General Staff officers back to the line after a few years, is recognized in the Swiss Army, as it has been in most other armies, in order to give them opportunity of commanding troops. A decree of the Federal Council, dated March 20th 1895 was issued, viz., 1. General Staff officers must return to the line at the expiration of 4 years after their entering the General Staff. 2. The question of officers being re-admitted to the General Staff Corps is decided by the Military Department on the recommendation of the Chief of the General Staff. [*6130*]An order published on January 20th 1896 provides that the Chief of the General Staff shall put himself in communication with the various Chiefs of the four arms with a view to making arrangements for the return of staff officers to the line. In accordance with this regulation, when the various promotions and transfers of officers take place at the end of each year, those General Staff officers, whose period of 4 years' service on the General Staff expires at the same time, (that is, at the end of that particular year), are sent back to the line. E. The question of re-admission to the General Staff and the further instruction courses in connection therewith: Those former General Staff officers, who, in the opinion of their superiors, prove themselves suitable for higher appointments on the General Staff (as Chiefs of Staffs, Junior Staff officers of Army Corps etc.,) are re-admitted on the General Staff after they have finished the period of service in the line which they had to go through on the expiration of their 4 years' service on the Staff Corps. On their return to the General Staff they must first of all take part in the various courses and exercises of that branch of the Army to which they are [*61318*]detailed. They are then, as a rule, required to do General Staff ride III, reconnaissance, and departmental work. The General Staff course IV, which is a practical course, forms a special course for higher General Staff officers to which Chiefs of Staffs, of army corps, and divisions are admitted, and in which instruction in strategical operations is given; this course usually lasts from two to three weeks, and takes place every two years. Higher General Staff officers are frequently required to act as instructors of various courses. At the Autumn manoeuvres, several higher General Staff officers forming a"Historical Section", are instructed to work out the historical part of the manoeuvres, while others act as umpires and in similar capacities. F. Instruction of officers of the Railway Division, and in other schools and courses attached to the General Staff. The officers of the Railway Division are chosen from those permanent railway officials whose professional duties make their services of value for this work. They are appointed by the Federal Council on the proposal [*6132*]of the Chiefs of the General Staff. No previous instruction course is required of them, but after their admittance to the General Staff, they have to undergo a fortnight's course. Higher officers of the Railway Division must, later on, again go through a fortnight's course, which forms a continuation of the first course. Railway officers are only sent back to service in the line when their position in the civil railway service, which was the reason of their being placed on the military railway staff, has undergone a considerable change. Officers of the Railway Division, like officers of the General Staff, have also to perform the work of the various departments of the General Staff Office, where they deal specially with all matters relating to the Railway Division of the General Staff. Officers of the Railway Division also attend the annual territorial and "Etappen" courses. These courses last about 18 days, and officers are instructed in their duties at the rear and in the various duties of their particular branch. The instruction is given by the Division Chiefs of the General Staff. The General Staff has also charge of the instruction of the field post, and field telegraph officers, 6133for whom instruction courses, lasting about two weeks, are arranged as required. A few field post and field telegraph officers also go through territorial and "Etappen" courses. Finally the instruction of the military cyclists corps is entrusted to the General Staff. A Division Chief of the General Staff has command of the recruit schools, non-commissioned officers' schools, and repetition courses of military cyclists. 3. Advancement and conditions of service in the General Staff, salaries, supply of uniforms etc. a. Advancement and conditions of service. The following period of service have to be performed to entitle to promotion. Promotion to Major, 5-6 year's service as Captain. " " Lieu-Colonel 5-6 " " " Major. " " Colonel 6-8 " " " Lieut-Col. As a rule officers are given an opportunity to command troops of the line when promoted from one grade to a higher grade. The conditions of promotion are, on the whole, somewhat more favorable than for line officers. On the other hand, General Staff officers have a greater quantity of work to perform than officers of the line 6134holding corresponding rank. In addition to the schools and courses of the General Staff, General Staff officers must frequently serve with various branches of the Army. Each transfer from one company to another imposes upon them the same duties which the officers of these respective companies have to perform. General Staff officers must also frequently take part in divisional work, reconnaissances, etc. Most General Staff officers are also very active in military matters when off duty, and in military clubs and societies, and also do some literary work. B. Salaries: The pupils in the general Staff School I receive pay at the rate of 7 francs per day in accordance with Article 218 of the Military Organization Act, ad Article 113 of the Swiss Administration Regulations. In all schools of instruction, as well as in departmental work, the General Staff officers receive pay according to Table XXIX of the Military Organization Act, and in accordance with the Federal Law of February 21st 1878. The following is the scale of pay: For Captains 9 francs per day.For Majors 11 francs per day. " Lieutenant-Colonels 13 " " " " Colonels 17 " " " In addition 1 franc per day is paid toward food, and 1 franc to 1.50 per day towards lodging expenses, if the officers have to provide for their own maintenance. In the Cavalry schools and instruction courses, officers receive for the use of their own horses, a daily allowance, during the Autumn manoeuvers, rising to 7 francs per day, and free fodder; also 3.50 francs per day allowance for man service. The Chief of the General Staff, the Divisional Chiefs and the permanent Secretaries receive yearly salaries as Federal Officials; a considerable percentage of the General Stall officers are instruction officers in the different Departments, and receive annual pay. e. Uniforms: Officers on the General Staff Corps wear a dark blue coat with crimson collar, dark maroon trousers with a broad crimson stripe, buttons and embroidery showing officer's grade in gold; caps with crimson pompoms, Federal cockade, and Federal cross in silver.The officers of the Railway Division have black instead of crimson collars on their coats; in all other respects their uniform is the same as that of General Staff officers. 6137Dec. 21, 1900.[*167*] Taku, China, Received December 22, 1900. 7.20 a.m. Adjutant General, Washington. December 22. Number 106. The following casualties have occurred since last report: December 19th, at Pekin, Charles L. Solomon, civilian employee Quartermaster's Department, pneumonia. Chaffee. -o0o- Pekin, China, Received December 22, 1900. 5.22 p.m. Adjutant General, Washington. December 22. Number 107. Hyde informs cannot contract Japan transports carry mail; says all mail landed by Japanese and forwarded promptly. Have just received first mail in three weeks landed by Japanese on coast, carted to railroad, thence Tongku. Very kind Japanese and appreciated by us, but cannot afford accept such courtesy when unable to reciprocate as possible. When our transports came China very pleasant feel we receiving extraordinary unremunerated service from Japan, and am not informed that Japanese will continue it. As matter now appears unless furnished naval or other dispatch boat, will be without mail communication. Chaffee. -o0o- [*6138*]on the New York water works you will be doing good work for the Public Service for he is a most modest and a most efficient civil Engineer - He was a classmate roommate & shipmate of mine & I cannot say enough good of him Yours Wm S. Conley [*Dec. 22, 1900. PF*] BUREAU OF NAVIGATION, NAVY DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, D. C. Dear Governor I know you are not long to hold the office of Governor of New York but while you do remain in office if you can do anything for Mr. Alfred Cramer a nephew of mine of Croton Aqueduct fame and was employed as a division chief? [*6139*]John Crane W K MacMahon Crane & MacMahon Trade Mark No, 18 South Street, New York, USA Telephone Call 1025 Broad Manufacturers of Wheels, Carriage, Woodstock and Hardwood Lumber: London Office: 42 Park Street, Southwark, S. E. Cable Address: "INVENTION." A B C Code 4th Edition A Private Code. Dec. 22. 1900. His Excellancy, Theo. Roosevelt, Governor of New York. Albany, N. Y. Dear Governor, - As your term of office as Governor is so near at its end and the legislature not in session, I presume you will not make an appointment for the vacant trusteeship in The Soldier's and Sailor's Home in Bath, made vacant by the death of Gen. Flagler. Trustee Smith's time if not already expired will expire very soon, leaving two vacancies. I regret exceedingly that you will not have the filling of these two positions, because I am sure if you had that you would appoint none but first class men, broad enough to work for the interests of the Home regardless of partisan considerations. If you have these appointments I sincerely hope that you will make them, but if you consider it best to defer it and allow your successor to make them, is it too much to request you to speak to him about the conditions at the home. You will remember that it was the combination of both political Leaders in that district, Republican and Democratic that brought about the state of demoralization there which we have been working to remove and it would be the greatest possible calamity in my opinion if your ideas with regard to the Board are not carried 6141-2- out in the future, No one should be appointed that would be under the dominion of the local politicians. Smith should not be renominated nor should there be a trustee appointed from Bath. I presume that some of our friends would acquience in the reappointment of Smith on the ground of his being an necessity, being clerk of the Board etc. but the fact is the work is prepared by the employees at the Home and it could be prepared for another trustee outside who can act as clerk equally well. I have no doubt that the new Governor if he understands the situation will make the proper appointments, but I am quite sure you will have to speak to him on the subject and let him know how affairs stand there. The publication of the report of the Committee of the State Board of Charities will throw a great deal of light on the former conditions. I understand it is about to be published. I wish you and your family a very Happy Christmas and remain, Sincerely your friend, John Crane J.C. - C. 6142[[shorthand]]Frank W. Hackett, Assistant Secretary. NAVY DEPARTMENT, Washington, Dec.22,1900. My dear Governor: Mr.Alfred Craven is a brother of Mrs.Hackett. It is at Mrs. Hackett's suggestion that I spoke to Commander Cowles this morning, and he has very kindly written the accompanying note. Mr.Craven is a man who is not selfseeking, but retiring and modest. For this very reason, I am the more inclined to join with Mr. Cowles in saying a good word for him. I do not know what the future may have in store, or what place as civil engineer may be open for him, but I do like to say to you that no better man can be found for a responsible position than Mr.Craven. I wish you would keep his name in your memory, should occasion arise when you can be of service to him. Cordially yours, Frank W. Hackett Governor Theodore Roosevelt, Albany,N.Y. 6143[[shorthand]]Pollen [*6144*] THE SHOREHAM JOHN T. DEVINE WASHINGTON, D.C. [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by*] My dear Governor It seems so strange to me to have been in New York, & to found that neither you nor Mrs. Cowles were there. Ferguson held out little hope of my seeing you, as I must off again on Jan 2nd, but Mrs. Cowles, whom to my great delight I have found here, is not without hope that you may be in New York between Xmas & New Years Day. My wife & I are here tillthe twenty fourth or sixth, then we go to the Holland House. If you are passing thro N. Yk. will you let me know? I shd so like to see you again & congratulate you on your singular triumph at the recent election. We are here for a week, & seem likely to have a good time. You may imagine Mrs Cowles is more than kindness Ferguson seemed to me fearfully run down; I wish he were able to take a holiday or some change. Yours most sincerely A H Pollen.Form No. 1. [*PF*] THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. [*5/6*] INCORPORATED 21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA. CABLE SERVICE TO ALL THE WORLD The company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions, limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following message. Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Messages, beyond the amount of tolls paid thereon, nor in any case where the claim is nor presented in writing within sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission. This is an UNREPEATED MESSAGE and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. THOS. T. ECKERT, President and General Manager. [*1140 pm*] NUMBER SENT BY REC’D BY CHECK BNY 421 HH G. 60 pd RECEIVED at Western Union Building, Broadway & State St., Albany, N.Y. Dec 22 1900 Dated Fordham NY 22 To Hon Theodore Roosevelt. Albany ny Again Heartiest congratulations Your Just & timely decision of tonight vindicates at last Long outraged Justice rounds off most fitting by your splendid record as Governor & will strengthen Far beyond all present estimate the Peoples side in the coming struggle for Decent municipal government. To Hell with Reform has been struck from the Hand of its presumptuous official standard bearer. Henry D Purroy [*6145*]Saturday morning, Dec. 22nd 1900 Confidential Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Dear Governor: As you know already, I have been desirous for more than a year of having a private and unhurried talk with you. Some newspapers have stated that immediately after your term as Governor, you are going West on a shooting tour. Would it be entirely convenient to you to see me at any time within the next week? I shall gladly wait on you wherever you say; either at Oyster Bay, at Albany or at any place in New York City, - provided I hear from you in time. Wishing you sincerely a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year." Yours very truly Henry D. Purroy P.S. Should it become of any use hereafter my letter of last Tuesday was not confidential. H.D.P. 6146[[shorthand]]OFFICE OF W.A. WADSWORTH, GENESEO, LIVINGSTON COUNTY, N.Y. there ever put up any genius, show any intelligence or call for any on the part of hound or huntsman. They are not a "beast of the chase" like the fox and as I have a [better] pack of hounds, a lot of horses, plenty of foxes and a country home all of wh will compare favorably with Colorado, let her go! I will go down to Albany and play with Odell, but I guess I will not go into the Commission business any deeper but devote my brain to getting our gracefully [*6148*] OFFICE OF W.A. WADSWORTH, GENESEO, LIVINGSTON COUNTY, N.Y. I am offering 1 pr lumberman sureties bought for use in Colorado. U.S. at new rate [shorthand] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED, DEC 22 1900 Filed by...*] D.T. It is very easy to see through the specious arguments of your letter. The whole trouble with you is you are so fat you are afraid I will get in and pull the panther out of the tree by its tail before you get there. All right then, go ahead alone! After all, the chase of the mountain lion much resembles that of the domestic cat by the fox terrier. They both run up the first tree they can find. They neither up [*6147*]OFFICE OF W.A. Wadsworth, GENESEO, LIVINGSTON COUNTY, N.Y. From where I am. I surely think that the [??] existence of the Forest Preserve Board and the [???] Commission is not only unneessary but causes confusion. I am continually getting letters which I have to refer to them and then I get answers something like the enclosed received today wherzat I gaffer. Let me wish you and Mrs R a very pleasant Christmas, I shall see you in Albany on the 31st Yours W. [*[Wadsworth]*] [*6149*][*[For enc see 12-17-00]*] [shorthand][*PF*] New York City 202 West 80 st Dec 23rd 1900. Hon Mr Theodore Roosevelt Gov & VP. US. My dear Sir - I take the liberty of asking your consideration of this letter confidentially. You know that I was constantly desirous last summer of taking such action in the South as would divide the people between the two political parties, and that such a division would [*6150*]2 not have been unfriendly to the election of the President and yourself. nor to the future of the policies which you advocate. I wish to carry on the work of dividing the Southern white people who control the situation and establish it in Florida. This I have not the means to do unless the President will give me an appointment that will enable me to do so. I have been fives times closer3 for the United States Senate. covering 30 years and have had 18 years of Continuous service. One term I lost by the Reconstruction acts and one by the corrupt use of money and the fraud of men professing extreme opinions of Democratic policies adverse to the McKinley administration and your views. The Senate has twice almost unanimously recommended me to the President for appointment to anything in his disposal [*6151*]4 I could very well fill the office of one of the Assistant Atty Genls, to be employed by the Govt as Special Counsel in Govt cases, or any other place. I was the only La. Democrat in the Senate that voted for the Dependent Pension Bill and this has given extreme men who were opposed to me the opportunity of attempting to prejudice the people against me. If you will join Senator [?] and my kinsman[*5*] Admiral J C Watson USN in a personal request to the President and to Mr. Hanna I think he will consider it favorably. Surely it cannot be other than desirable to the President to have a strong party in the South and in Florida to commence the work. I may truthfully say, I am the only man in Florida who can accomplish it and now is a favorable time to commence it Outside of this consideration [*6152*][*6*] I may fairly ask this consideration for my long public service, and from my conservative action and the support independent of party relations of republican measures that I considered wise and just. I think all the republican Senators who served with me will testify to this. Will you please take such action as may be in your power to accomplish for me My circumstances make it necessary for my support Yours with much affForm No. 1. [*F*] THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. INCORPORATED 21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA. CABLE SERVICE TO ALL THE WORLD. This Company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following message. Errors can be guarded against only be repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Messages, beyond the amount of tolls paid thereon, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission. This is an UNREPEATED MESSAGE, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. THOS. T. ECKERT. President and General Manager. [* 9.35 AM*] NUMBER SENT BY REC'D BY CHECK 2 F. DR 60 Paid RECEIVED at Dec 23 1[89]900 Dated Fordham NY 22 To Hon Theodore Roosevelt Oyster Bay NY. Again heartiest congratulations your just and hardest decision of tonight vindicates at last long out. rages justice counts off most [*6153*] THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. INCORPORATED 21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA. CABLE SERVICE TO ALL THE WORLD. This Company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following message. Errors can be guarded against only be repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Messages, beyond the amount of tolls paid thereon, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission. This is an UNREPEATED MESSAGE, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. THOS. T. ECKERT. President and General Manager. NUMBER SENT BY REC'D BY CHECK [* 2*] RECEIVED at 189 Dated feelingly your splendid record To as governor and will strengthen far beyond all present estimates the peoples side in the coming struggle for decent municipal government. To Hell with reform has been struck [*6154*]Form No 1. THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. INCORPORATED 21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA. CABLE SERVICE TO ALL THE WORLD. This Company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following message. Errors can be guarded against only be repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Messages, beyond the amount of tolls paid thereon, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission. This is an UNREPEATED MESSAGE, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. THOS. T. ECKERT. President and General Manager. NUMBER SENT BY REC'D BY CHECK RECEIVED at 3 189 Dated from the hand of To its presumptive official standard bearers Henry D. Purray. [*6155*]Sullivan's Island S.C. December 23rd 1900. My dear Governor: As you have probably seen, the scheme for modernizing the artillery by reorganizing it as a corps, with a chief, does not appear to commend itself to our legislation, and may therefore, for the time being at least, be regarded as a dead issue. It was my hope and ambition to have attained to the position of chief of artillery, to which I felt that my record and service [*6156*]is not superior to my own. With best wishes for the Christmas season, believe me Sincerely ours Wallace Randolph His Excellency Governor Theodore Roosevelt Albany New York. service entitled me. After holding the contrary view for many years, I am reluctantly compelled to acknowledge that little or nothing comes "to him that waits," and in the belief that you will not consider me impertinate, I have ventured to again request your assistance in obtaining one of the new brigadier generalcies contemplated by the recent Senate bill. I do not think that in seeking the position I am actuated so much by motives of ambition as by a reasonable desire not to be outstripped by others, the character and length of whose service [*6157*]preferring to make fiction; but this time your name & the subject broke my custom & I'm going to write about Bad men too - with a very great curiosity to see how parallel or divergent our thoughts shell out. Ever yours [?] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED DEC 23, 1900 Filed by*] (325 Chestnut St. Phila.) Dec. 23, 1900 Dear Theodore. My wife wrote you a letter that she fears can not have reached your personal eye. She wants you to talk to the Children's League of Good Citizenship in our town. Be a good Theodore & do it if you can. Any time this winter you choose - Jan. or Feb. And will be more than glad to feed & house you. A magazine tells me it has invited you to write about "Badmen" - & desires me also to do this. Usually I don't like to make essays, [*6158*] [Shorthand] HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. WASHINGTON. PERSONAL. 24 December,I900. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt: Governor of New York,Albany,N.Y., My dear Governor, For the splendid work performed by you during the campaign, and upon your election as Vice President, let me congratulate you heartily and sincerely, -even at this late day. Would that I might congratulate you,however,on your re-election as Governor of New York. O Governor,I have been almost broken hearted over the change in your affairs. I worked through the campaign with the energy of dispair. I spent most of my time at Columbus,Ohio,with the Republican Executive Committee, although I travelled about some of the time. I wrote about 200 articles, and they were published all over the country. I was in Albany in July, but you were away. I spent a few weeks at my home in Cortland, but did not get in with your people in New York. I wanted to see you in Columbus, but felt that it was quite out of question, in view of the great crowds. When you reach Washington I would like to meet you, and to make some arrangement whereby I can-through the medium of literary work, promote your best interests during the coming four years.Keenly disappointed as I am in the matter I do not think it so unfortunate as it might seem.The Senate is not big enough and strong enough to bury you in. Your friends will attend to that matter, or there will be a contest resembling El Caney or Juan Hill. The precedents do not 6159HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, WASHINGTON 2. T.R. apply in your case. You have a strong personality, great reserve, and distinguished talents, coupled with powerful energy, and the evironments which held down other men in the Vice Presidency will not act successfully in your case. I think that the precedent of Jackson and Van Buren is very encouraging to us. I shall hope to meet you very soon, and am sure you will find me able and useful, and extremely loyal to your interests. With the greatest respect, and best wishes, I am, Governor, Your obedient servant, George A. Benham. #700 14th Street, N.W.his mind "I suppose the Governor felt he owed a debt to Clarke and he was paid it" I might say — if my mouth were not closed for a year to political utterance — that that may be his view of the way in which to use public office but it was not yours and again that if any body owed a debt to the undersigned it was that same individual. But it is too near Xmas for any unpleasant thoughts. To you and yours, Mrs Roosevelt and "the six children of my own" I send the best wishes of the season and Ann — no more now woman than before — Your affectionate friend John Proctor Clarke [*[Clarke]*] Col. Theodore Roosevelt [*PF*] 1 West 81st St Dec 24 1900 SUPREME COURT JUDGES CHAMBERS COURT HOUSE, CHAMBERS STREET NEW YORK My dear Theodore:— There is an ancient English custom that requires the Judges on receiving their appointments to "kiss the Kings hands." It will be a pleasure and a pride for me to follow that custom by going to Oyster Bay on Thursday and lunching with you as suggested. I will get there on the 12.20 — I believe it is. I am also writing to you on this official paper [*6161*]are afraid you shall have it. I think no one ever had a higher incentive to good work than I have. But to you many words are not necessary. I believe no two men ever had less need of words as between each other. Let me say that these last two days have vindicated my judgment in not taking the District Attorney ship. It would have been howled that you had removed Gardiner to simply make a place for a personal friend and all the protestation in the world wouldn't have done any good. I am proud of just one thing in our relations I have never given you bad advice! I see the senator relieved - my first letter - as the court attendants sent it up to the house for use. I hardly realize what has happened to me though letters and telegrams have been pouring in for two days. I suppose I am a Justice of the Supreme Court. I can only say that the only way in which I can justify your partiality is to elevate all the industry ability and fairness I possess to this great public service. My one thought now is to prove to the bar and the community that you have made a fair choice. I need not say I thank you - what you want is not thanks but justification and if my life and health [*6162*]Form No. 1 THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. INCORPORATED 21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA. CABLE SERVICES TO ALL THE WORLD. This Company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following messages. Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending stations for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays to transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Messages, beyond the amount of tolls paid thereon, nor in any case where the case is not presented in writing within sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission. This is an UNREPEATED MESSAGE, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. THOS. T. ECKERT, President and General Manager. NUMBER SENT BY REC'D BY CHECK RECEIVED at [*3*] 189 Dated From the hand of To its presumptuous officials Henry D Purray [*6155*][shorthand] Sullivan Island S.C. December 23rd 1900 -- My dear Governor: As you have probably seen, the scheme for modernizing the artillery by reorganizing it as a corps, with a chief, does not appear to commend itself to our legislators, and may therefore, for the time being at least, be regarded as a dead issue -- It was my hope and ambition to have attained to the position of chief of artillery, to which I felt that my record and service [*6156*]is not superior to my own. With best wishes for the Christmas season, believe me Sincerely yours Wallace F. Randolph His Excellency Governor Theodore Roosevelt Albany New York -- service entitled me. After holding the contrary view for many years, I am reluctantly compelled to acknowledge that little or nothing comes "to him that waits," and in the belief that you will not consider me importunate, I have returned to again request your assistance in obtaining one of the new brigadier generalcies contemplated by the recent senate bill. I do not think that in seeking the position I am actuated so much by motives of ambition as by a reasonable desire not to be outstripped by others, the character and length of whose service [*6157*]preferring to make fiction; but this time your name & the subject broke my custom & I'm going to write about Bad men too - with a very great curiosity to see how parallel or divergent our thoughts shell out. Ever yours Owen Wister - [shorthand] [*EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ANSWERED DEC 23, 1900 Filed by*] [56 IRVING PLACE] (325 Chestnut St. Phila.) [*Dec. 23, 1900*] Dear Theodore. My wife wrote you a letter that she fears can not have reached your personal eye. She wants you to talk to the Children's League of Good Citizenship in our town. Be a good Theodore & do it if you can. Any time this winter you choose - Jan. or Feb. And will be more than glad to feed & house you. A magazine tells me it has invited you to write about "Badmen" - & desires me also to do this. Usually I don't like to make essays, [*6158*]