CORRESPONDENCE 
July 1951

1722 Vernon St. N.W.
Washington, 1 D.C.
July 5, 1951
Dear Miss Mollie,
Let me tell you again
 how wonderful is the work 
you are doing to break down 
segregation in our nations 
Capitol. Stuart and I hope the 
the small check which I 
am enclosing will lend some
 little encouragement to your
 efforts. 
You will note that we
 have a new address. We
 moved only last week to a 
very modest detached house

2
in a rather pleasant location.
 As soon as I can get the
 packing cases and boxes out
 of the middle of the floor we 
want you to come to see 
us. Moving was really quite
 an ordeal and has left me
 rather exhausted for the
 moment. My new telephone 
number is Randolph 0720.

Love
Blanche

[*Please return this letter - 
M.C.T.*]

Edicion MONSERRAT, Santiago de Cuba
Sindicato de Artes Graficos de la Habana, S. A. 
Republica de Cuba
Tarjeta Postal Post Card
Museo Municipal "Emilio Bacardi"
Emilio Bacardi Municipal Museum

Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
Jul 5 
3-PM
1951

Having a 
grand rest
which I 
really needed
Alice Trigg




Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
[1619 S St. N.W.]
Highland -
Beach MD
[Washington D.C.]




District of Columbia
G.M. Thornett
Secretary
Government of the District of Columbia
Executive Offices
Washington 4, D.C.
Board of Commissioners
John Russell Young
President
F. Joseph Donohue
Bernard L. Robinson
Colonel, Corps of Engineers
U.S. Army
July 6, 1951
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Chairman
Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement
of the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws
Highland Beach
Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Dear Mrs. Terrell:
Confirming telephone conversation with the Secretary
of your Committee and yourself, the Commissioners will be pleased
to have you and a small group of not more than three others meet 
with them at their Board meeting on Thursday, July 12, 1951, at
10 o'clock a.m.
The meeting will be held in the office Commissioner
John Russell Young, Room 503, District Building, 14th and E Streets,
Northwest.
Very truly yours,
GM Thornett
Secretary
Board of Commissioners, D.C.




C
 O
  P
   Y........

July 10, 1951
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
1103 Trenton Place, S.E.
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mrs. Terrell:
Due to circumstances beyond their control it will
be necessary for Commissioner Donohue and Commissioner Robinson
to be out of the city on Thursday, July 12, 1951. It is therefore 
necessary that the Board meeting scheduled for this date be cancelled.
Confirming telephone conversation with Mrs. Annie Stein
today, a meeting will be set for the Coordination Committee foe
Enforcement of D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws to meet with the
Commissioners at a future date. As soon as the date is determined
you will be notified.  At that time you will also be advised whether
the Commissioners are agreeable to having your Committee consist of 
six persons rather than four.
Very truly yours,
Secretary
Board of Commissioners, D.C.

z

The Evening Star - The Sunday Star
Washington 4, D. C.

July 10, 1951

Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
1615 S. Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.

Dear Mrs. Terrell:
In going through a large accumulation of
papers of the late Theodore W. Noyes, there was
found a file of 1934 and 1935 concerning the
awarding of an honorary degree to you by Oberlin
College.  Believing that this would be of interest
to you, it is being enclosed herewith.
Yours sincerely,
Jesse C. Suter (signature)
Jesse C. Suter
S:m
Enc.



1615 S. St., N.W.
Washington, D.C.
Jan. 27, 1934
My dear Mr. Noyes:
According to promise, I am inclosing the letters
written by one of the members of the Washington
Branch of the Oberlin Alumnae Association and one
written by a classmate, who is pastor of a church in
Hollywood, California, together with the names of the
members of the Alumnae Association here who voted
 to ask Oberlin College to confer an honorary degree
upon me for the services they say I have rendered my
own group in particular and the country on general
principles.
As I told you, both Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt
and Miss Jane Addams have written to President Ernest
H. Wilkins of Oberlin College urging him to confer
this degree upon me.  When I wrote Mrs. Catt I did not
like to participate in this matter myself, here is 
what she wrote in reply: "Now, Mrs. Terrell, I want
you to know that I am very much interested in this 
honor and I wish very much to have you succeed, but a
few letters from a few people will not do it.  Some
one else may be nominated who will have a great many
letters and you must get a great many.  I will ask
Miss Blackwell to write and I hope you will try to
get the list of judges so that we may have all their
names and addresses."
The Miss Blackwell to whom Mrs. Catt refers is
the daughter of the famous Lucy Stone, who was the


first woman graduate of Oberlin College who insisted
upon reading her graduating essay herself.  Before her
time, the papers written by the women graduates were
read by men.  Lucy Stone also retained her maiden name
after she married Mr. Blackwell, who fought as hard for
woman suffrage as his wife did.
You asked me to tell you something about Oberlin
College.  It has a history which is unique among
the well-known institutions of the world.  It was the
first college in the world to admit women on an equality
with men and it was the first college in this
country who admitted colored people on equality with
white people - thirty years before the slaves were
emancipated.  For Oberlin was founded in 1833 and, as
you know, the slaves were not emancipated until 1863.
In other words, Oberlin has the distinction of being
the first college in the United States to open its
doors to a heavily handicapped, hindred sex and to a
cruelly enslaved race.
In December 3rd the Alumnae Association here
celebrated the college centennial at the First Congregational
Church.  I was invited to represent President
James H. Fairchild, the third president of Oberlin.
I was the only woman invited to speak on a program
on which men alone talked.  Mrs. Kinsman read a
paper prepared by her father, who was 98 years old -
the oldest living graduate of the college. He has 
Passed away since then.
As you know, I was one of the first two women
appointed to the Board of Education here.  I served
six years on the Board appointed by the Commissioner
who had charge of the educational affairs of the



District.  Then I resigned.  Later on Congress removed
the power of appointing members of the Board of Education
from the Commissioner and placed it in the
hands of the judges of the District Supreme Court.
The judges declared that they would put nobody on
their new Board who had ever served in the District
in that capacity before.  And when they named their
new Board I was the only one appointed who had ever
served before.  After I had served five years I resigned.
You will observe that altogether I discharged
my duties to the schools as a member of the Board of
Education for eleven years.
I have represented colored women in Europe
twice.  Both times I spoke in German, because the audiences
which I addressed were composed largely of
German people.  the first time I did this was in 1904
at the International Congress of Women which met in
Berlin.  On that occasion I was the only woman from
the United States who delivered her address in three
languages - in German, French and English.
I went abroad with the International League for
Peace and Freedom of which Miss Jane Addams is president
in 1919 right after the World War.  There were
eleven white women and I was the only colored woman
in the delegation.  Those eleven white women met when
I was not present and voted unanimously that I should
represent this country at the first large meeting
held in Zurich Switzerland in an old cathedral in
which women had never been allowed to speak before.
Employed by several large lecture bureaus I
have spoken to some of the best Chautauquas in


[Encl. in letter 7-10-51]

country and to the leading forums in the East as
well.
It is not necessary for me to review my
record any further, for these facts are stated in
the printed matter which is inclosed.
The friends who want this degree conferred
upon me say that since I am celebrating the fiftieth
anniversary of my graduating from college next June,
having received my A.B. degree in 1884, that would
be a very appropriate time to have it done.
When I know definitely what Judge Stafford
will do I shall let you know.  As I understand it,
your decision to write to the President of Oberlin
will depend upon what Judge Stafford does.  If Judge
Stafford decides not to write I shall not pester
you with this any more.  I do not want to be a nuisance.
You have always been very gracious and kind
in every way and I do not want to annoy you.  I assure
you that I should never have requested you to
write the letter if Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt and
some of the women who belong to the Alumnae Association 
here had not told me that if I did not tell my
friends about the matter and give them the facts, 
those who want to have their efforts succeed can no
do so.
With gratitude for the favors you have shown
me in the past and with the highest esteem, I am
very truly yours,
Mary Church Terrell [signature]

Copy of Letter Written by Mrs. Ruth B. Hummell, 4615 Hunt Avenue,
Chevy Chase, Md.
Pres. Ernest H. Wilkins,
Oberlin College,
Oberlin, Ohio.
My Dear Dr. Wilkins:
I should like to call your attention to the achievements of
one of your outstanding alumnae, a personal friend of mine, Mrs. Mary
Church Terrell.
Mrs. Terrell is the outstanding woman of the colored race. Her
achievements in writing and in lecturing and more especially her life's
devotion to the lifting of the oppression of the women and children of
her race place her in the ranks of the leading women of Europe and the
Americas.
On two noteworthy occasions Mrs. Terrell has represented colored
women abroad.  She was a delegate from the colored women of America to
the International Congress of Women in Berlin in 1904 where she delivered
an extraordinay  address in English, French and German-the only
delegate from the United states so to do.
Mrs. Terrell also was a delegate from the colored women of the 
United States to Zurich, Switzerland a few years ago at a meeting of the
International League for Peace and Freedom. By general consent she was
chosen to represent all the women delegates from the United States at 
its first meeting held in a large cathedral in which women never before had
been allowed to speak. Mrs. Terrell at this time made a conspicuous impression
by addressing the audience in German, since so large a share 
of the audience was German,
In addition to Mrs. Terrell's interest in international and interracial
understanding she has served on the Board of Education in
the District of Columbia as well as on the Board of Trustees. of the
Public Schools.
Since Mrs. Terrell already has been placed in Oberlin College's
list of "One Hundred Famous Alumni" it would seem most fitting that
the college at the coming one hundredth anniversary commencement should
bestow upon Mrs; Terrell an honorary degree. In so doing Oberlin College 
would honor itself and thru the person of Mary Church Terrell, the
race she so splendidly represents.
Yours truly,
Ruth B. Hummel.




Copy of Letter Written by LeonidasH. Davis, 1424 Morningside Court
Hollywood, Calif. (Mr. Davis is a Clergyman)
President Ernest H. Wilkins, L1.D.
Oberlin Ohio
Dear President Wilkins:
The class of '84 has followed with considerable interest
certain of its members, such as Luella Minor in China, Cyrus
Clark in Japan, Azariah Root in Oberlin and Mary Church Terrell in
Washington.  I am writing concerning Mary Church Terrell, who as a
student in scholarchip and character won the respect, the admiration
and friendship of the class.
In the years since graduation she has rendered doubtless, the
largest service to her race and to her country in standing for the
rights and possibilities for her people than any other woman of her
race.  She has filled places of high responsibility in educational
work in the City of Washington for a number of years, and year after
year she has been the voice and medium of presenting the claims of
the colored race with rare understanding of their problems and the
duty of our people to give them in spirit, life and citizenship what
Lincoln intended they should have by his great Act of Emancipation.
I think every Oberlin man and woman has been proud of their
Alma Mater, because she was the pioneer in so many ways, in doing
 so many noble things that needed to be done. Not the least was the 
opening the door for the emancipated people. 
In view of Mrs. Terrell's educational equipment received at
home and abroad and the great service through so many years and
done in such a masterful way I would be very happy, as I know the
class would be, if Oberlin at the next Commencement would give some
degree which would recognize her services and confer honor upon one
who unselfishly and persistently through all these years has given
the best in nrains, heart, and life to her race.
May I suggest, Mr. President, to you, that you give the matter
your careful consideration and I am sure that the Class of '84
would feel that in so honoring Mary Church Terrell you were honoring
one of the most worthy and sacrificial of our Alma Mater.
With kinders personal regards, I am
Yours sincerely,
Leonidas H. Davis

List of Members of the Washington Branch of the Oberlin Alumnae
Association Who Voted Unanimously Tuesday, January 23rd, 1934, to Request
the President of Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, to Confer an
Honorary Degree upon Mary Church Terrell for the Service She has Rendered
Her Race and for the Efforts She Has Made to Create a Better Understanding
and Feeling between the Two Races in the United States.

Mrs. George Arner, 1406 Varnum, N. W.
Mrs. Bradford Bayliss, 3910 Ingomar, N. W.
Mrs. Frederick F. Blachly --4323 Cathedral Ave. N. W.
Mrs. J. H. Briseboise Hampton Courts Apts.
Miss Carolyn Church
Mrs. E. D. Durand 3613 Norton Place.
Mrs. Ruth Eckhart 1727 Hoban Rd.
Mrs. Harold N. Fowler 2000 R St., N.W.
Mrs. Arthur Hummel 4615 Hunt Ave. Chevy Chase, Md.
D. O. Kinsman 4426 Klingle, N. W.
W. H. P. Metcalf Rutland Courts Apts, 17th and Riggs, N. W.
Mrs. Carroll Shaw
Mrs. Elwood Street 1727 Hoban Road
Miss Dorothy Swift 
Mrs. J. M. Symons 33-3032 Rodman St., N. W.
Mrs. Ernest H. Van Fossan 2101 Connecticut Ave. N. W.

Note- As soon as I can I shall get the addresses of Miss Carolyn Church
and Miss Carroll Shaw and Miss Dorothy Swift.  Than I shall send them to you



Rough Draft
Dr Ernest H Wilkins
President of Oberlin College
Oberlin, Ohio
Dear President Wilkins
I understand that
at the request of many
of her fellow alumnae 
of Oberlin the question
of conferring an honorary
degree upon Mrs. Mary
Church Terrell is
under consideration by 
the college authorities.
Oberlin College
knows of the fine record
of Mrs. Terrell as one 
of its distinguished 
alumnae better than
any outider. I have
no relation to the college
which entitles me to request
the conferring of this degree

[*Encl. in Letter 7-10-51*]
upon her.  But I have
 known her for many years
 as a Washingtonian, [an]
 in service as a Member
 of the Board of Education
 and as [a] the occasional contributor of
special articles to the Star. 
I have come to regard her 
highly as a cultured woman
of literary ability with power
of expression  as a writer and speaker 
which she [had] has used
 effectively in public-spirited 
labour to promote the 
welfare of her sex and of her 
race. As I have already
 indicated, I have no 
right to urge upon you
 the confering upon Mrs Terrell 
of this high honor; but 
if you [decide] do confer [this] it
 honor upon her I give assurance
 that she has friends in Washington not of 
her race [in Washington] who
 will [rejoice with her] share her gratification in and 
will applaud the conferring action 
of the college as a tribute ?
of the honor as a well deserved
 tribute honor well deserved.

[*Very Respectfully*]

Oberlin College
 Oberlin, Ohio
Office of the President
February 5, 1934
Mr. Theodore W. Noyes,
The Evening Star,
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mr. Noyes:
Thank you for your letter of January
31 concerning Mrs. Mary Church Terrell.
Mrs. Terrell's names will be brought
to the attention of the Committee on Honorary Degrees
at its next meeting, but I am sorry to say
that I can give you no assurance of favorable
action. The number of names proposed each year
for consideration is far greater than the number
of persons to whom degrees can be awarded.
 Yours sincerely,
 Ernest H. Wilkins
EHW RF

[*[End in [S???] 7-10-51]*]



1009 Kenyon St. N.W.
Washington 10. D.C.
July 10, 1951
My dear Mrs. Terrell:
Your letter received and 
thank you for its information et. al.
I think I shall have Mrs. Elizabeth
Brooks and Mrs. Margeret Hull, the daughter
of our N.E. Region Founder stay at your
daughter's home.  However I shall write Mrs.
Brooks when I return home.
Well, thank God all plans are now complete
and I am indeed happy.  I have been 
in D.C. since last Saturday and working
like a beaver, and are now waiting for the
days to come.
Both you and Mrs. Rowan have been
simply wonderful in assisting me and I 
hope some day to be able to show my appreciation
in a greater degree.
Our Fellowship Banquet will be held
Friday Evening in Slowe Hall.  Tickets $2.50
hence you may know somebody who might
desire to attend Miss Nannie Burroughs
will be the speaker.
I shall be here again on Saturday July
21st and remain until after the Convention.

Please express my appreciation to your
daughter for offering her room.
With all good wishes I am
Sincerely and gratefully yours
Susie F. Jones, Pres.



c
o
p
y........

July 11, 1951
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
1103 Trenton Place, S. E.
Washington, D. C.

Dear Mrs. Terrell:
The Commissioners have directed me to inform you that
they will be pleased to have you present at their Board meeting
on Tuesday, July 24, 1951, at 10 o'clock a.m., with members
of the Coordinating Committee for Enforcement of D. C. Anti-Discrimination
 Laws and have approved your request that you
be permitted to bring two additional representatives, (six in
all).  The meeting will take place in the office of Commissioner
JohnRussell Young, Room 503, District Building, 14th and E Streets,
Northwest.
The Commissioners regret that it was necessary for them to
cancel the meeting scheduled for Thursday, July 12, 1951.
Very truly yours,
Secretary
Board of Commissioners, D. C.

Highland Beach, Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
1615 S Street N. W., Washington 9, D. C.
July 14, 1951
To the Secretary, Board of Commissioners, D. C.
Dear Madam:
Your letter stating that the Commissioners 
have directed you to inform me that they will be
pleased to have me present at their Board meeting on
Tuesday, July 24, 1951, at 10 o-clock a.m. with members 
of the Coordinating Committee for Enforcement of 
D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws and have approved
my request that I be permitted to bring two additional
representatives, (six in all) has been
received.
We appreciate greatly the Commissioners'
compliance with our request and with the
specified number of the Members of our
Committee we shall be present at the
designated time.
Very truly yours
Mary Church Terrell, Chairman

THIS SIDE OF CARD IS FOR ADDRESS
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
[1615 S St., N. W. 
Washington D. C.]
[*Highland Beach, 
M. D.*]

[*WASHINGTON D. C. 4 1951 JUL 15 10 PM*]
[*960*]

On Sunday Afternoon, July 22, 1951, at 4:00 P. M., a Memorial
Service will be held honoring the Pioneer Women who gave voice
to the principles of the Equal Rights Amendment at Seneca Falls, 
New York, July 20, 1848.  The ceremonies will include the
placing of flowers at the Statues.  We hope to have a distinguished
speaker present.  This service will be held at the Alva
Belmont House, 144 Constitution Avenue, N. E.  There will be
an election of officers for the D. C. Branch so be sure and
be present promptly at 4:00 P. M.  The Nominating Committee
will present a slate of officers and nominations will be 
accepted from the floor.
RSVP
National Hdqs.
Jessie R. Blaine
Acting Chairman, D. C. Branch
National Womans Party.



Interracial Workshop 1951
Inspiration House Annex, 1834 Kalorama Road, N. W., Washington, D. C.
DUpont 7377
Wally Nelson, Director
Sponsored by:
Committee of Racial Equality
Fellowship of Reconciliation
July 15, 1951

Dear friend:
This is a special announcement.  And one in which we think
you will be interested.  This is especially true if you are
interested in the non-violent technique-both its philosophy and
its application.
We are pleased to announce the coming of Bayard Rustin to
visit the Summer Workshop this coming Thursday, July 19.  Bayard
is perhaps the foremost disciple of the Gandhian method in this
country.  Bayard will talk and lead us in a discussion on "The
Application of Non-violence".  This meeting will begin at 8:00
P. M. in the living room of our headquarters at the above address.
MEMBERS OF THE PERMANENT WORKSHOP PLEASE NOTICE:  The 
regular Thursday night meeting of the Washington, D. C. Workshop
will be held in conjunction with this meeting rather than at the 
YMCA this week.  This will give you a chance to carry on your
business meeting and to hear Bayard Rustin, too.
Sincerely,
Wally Nelson 
Wally Nelson 
P.S.  Lest you forget, the George Housor meeting will be the 
next night, Friday, July 200000, at 8:15 P.M. at the Twelfth Street
Christian Church at 1812 Twelfth Street, NW.
COME AND BRING A FRIEND

C
O
P
Y
Government of the District of Columbia
Executive Offices
Washington, 4, D.C.
July 24th, 1951
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
1103 Trenton Place, S.E.
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mrs. Terrell
Further reference is made to your letter of May 29, 
1951, relative to present decision of the Municipal Court
of Appeals in the case of the District of Columbia, appellant,
vs. the Thompson Restaurant, appellee, and to 
the statements made by you and your associates at the
meeting of the Board of Commissioners on Tuesday, July 24th, 
1951.
I am directed by the Commissioners to inform you
that after careful consideration of this matter they
unanimously approved the decision of the Corporation
Counsel of the District not to enforce the Statute of 
1873 pending review by a higher court.
Very sincerely yours,
G.M. Thornett
Secretary
Board of Commissioners, D.C.

Greensboro, Vermont
July 15  [*[1951]*]
Dear mollie:
Here I am up
in the north of Vt., and 
you are South on the 
shores of chesapeake - quite
far apart I imagine often
close together in spirit when
you are at 1615 S
and I at 1000 19th St -
Only I cannot hear your
cheerful "hello" over thee
telephone - I hope that you
are not too busy, running
into Washington for meetings
I wonder how the Hecht boycott
is coming out -  a and the 
[*[7-15-51]*]


Corporation Counsel Affair-

Please let me know if there 
are any important developments.
 I am really enjoying it
here this summer for the 
weather has been mostly 
delighful and the air
is delicious -
Helen & I are alone just now,
but Janet is coming wed
Dorothy will be here for a 
few days on her way to 
camp - I plan to go back
to Washington about the middle
of August for a few weeks when
Helen finishes her stay here
and gets settles in N.Y. City -
Hope you will really rest
Love N - [*[Mrs. C. L. Swift]*]

Washington Interracial Work Shop
1734 F Street N.W.
Washington 6, D.C.
July 17,1951
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
1103 Trenton Place, S.E.
Washington 20, D.C.
The Washington Interracial Workshop wishes
to commend the Coordinating Committee for the enforcement of the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws for its current campaign to eliminate racial discrimination at  
the Hecht Department Store basement lunch counter.
Private business is probably the most difficult 
of all fields in which to carry on efforts against 
racial discrimination. We wish you success.
Sincerely,
Washington Interracial 
Workshop

Albert Mindlin
Albert Mindlin 
Chairman


FREEDOM RALLY, Inc.
"Toward a Free Washington"
1532 U Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.

Campaign Sponsors
Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune
Founder of the National Council of Negro
Women
Mrs. Julia West Hamilton
President of the Phyllis Wheatley Y.W.C.A.
Mrs. Alice C. Hunter
Member, District of Columbia Recreation
Board
Mrs. Mary D. Janney
Civic Worker
Dr. Frank Jones
Physician
Col. Campbell C. Johnson
Assistant to Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey,
Director of Selective Service
Mrs. Josephine Kyles
Director of Christian Education,
Washington Federation of Churches
Mr. Jesse H. Mitchell
President, Inductrial Bank of Washington
Mr. G. Howland Shaw
Former Assistant Secretary of State
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
First President of the National Association
of Colored Women

July 17, 1951

Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
1615 S Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.

My dear Mrs. Terrell:

As you probably know, Lillian Smith,
author of "Strange Fruit", will be the guest speaker
at the 5 P.M. public meeting on "Freedom Rally Sunday",
July 22, at Uline Arena, Third and M Streets, N.E.

We are reserving a seat for you on
the stage. Please indicate whether you will be able
to attend by returning the enclosed card.

Roy Wilkins (NAACP) and Mabel Staupers
(Spingarn Medalist) will be the guests of honor.

Sincerely yours,
John B. Duncan
John B. Duncan
Coordinator

Encl.

Board of Directors
Rev. Smallwood E. Williams
Chairman
Herbert M. Hadley
Dr. Edwin B. Henderson
Rev. William H. Jernagin
Charles N. Mason, Jr.
Miss Florence K. Nierman
Dr. John J. O'Connor
David Scull
Dr. Emerson A. Williams
Vice-Chairman
Dr. Paul Cooke
Secretary
Rev. L. Maynard Catchings
Assistant Secretary
Rev. T. Ewell Hopkins
Corresponding Secretary
Dr. Aaron S. Russell
Treasurer
Elmer W. Henderson
Assistant Treasurer
Dr. Stephen G. Spottswood
Financial Secretary
John B. Duncan
Coordinator
STAFF
Mrs. Olivia R. Williams
Executive Secretary
Charles Braxton
Rev. Dillard H. Brown
Dr. Margaret Just Butcher
Rufus G. Byars
Dr. W. Montague Cobb
Dr. William K. Collins
Dr. Millard R. Dean
Dr. H. Cicero Edwards
Rev. A. F. Elmes
Mrs. Ailene C. Ewell
Rev. Quinland Gordon
Ernest F. Harper
Atty. George E. C. Hayes
Mrs. Anna Arnold Hedgeman
Merritt Hedgeman
Rev. Everett A. Hewlett
Charles S. Hill
Dr. Irene C. Hypps
Dr. B. T. McGraw
Rev. James D. Pair
Joseph L. Rauh, Jr.
Mrs. Anne Mason Roberts
Julius Robertson
Mrs. Myrtle K. Rollins
Philip Schiff
Mrs. Mamie Simms
Mrs. Hester Graham Stoll
Rev. Halley B. Taylor
Robert L. Taylor
Woodrow Taylor
Waddell R. Thomas
Leon A. Thompson
George L. P. Weaver
Rev. J. F. Whitfield
Rev. Robert M. Williams
Dr. James B. Withers


The Washington Post
WASHINGTON 4, D. C.

July 17, 1951

Dear Mrs. Terrell:

I am indeed glad to learn you are enjoying the
atmosp[e]here of the beach.You would not want to be in Washington
today, though fortunately I cannot complain too much as The Post's
new building is air conditioned.

Thank you very much for your kind invitation to visit
you. I shall indeed look in on you if I am ever in your vicinity, but
I shall not dip into the bay or ocean-whichever it is. Being from
the Middle West, I am so wary of water I am almost afraid to take a
bath.

I am inclosing an article by Lillian Smith you may
have missed. Best wishes.

Sincerely yours,
Malonia Lindsay

'The Walls of Segregation Are Crumbling'
In ten years Dixie race barriers will be gone,
vindicating the Negro devotion to democracy.
By LILLIAN SMITH

Ten years from today racial segregation
as a legal way of life
will be gone from Dixie. Although
signs will still be nailed to a
few people's minds and hearts, the
signs over doors--those words, "White"
and "Colored," that have cheapened 
democracy throughout the world--will
be down.

A prophet is not needed to make
this forecast. Anyone who looks
closely at recent events in the South
and measures them against world
events will know that the future holds
no place in it for the philosophy and
practice of segregation. Whether segregation
takes the form of the Iron
Curtain as it does in Communist countries,
or the Jim Crow practices that
we know in the South, or those severe
restrictions that make up the pattern
of life in South Africa, it is a belief,
an act of the past which the future
cannot use.

Ten years ago, no one would have
thought this change could take place
so quickly. One remembers the deep
sense of hopelessness, the anxiety, the
fear that the young Negro G. I.'s felt
at that time as they were being conscripted
into the armed services. One
remembers--who could forget!--how
they tried to stifle their bitterness as
they were called upon to defend their
second-class citizenship.

The Negroes of America measured
up to that test with a courage and 
wisdom that grew out of their capacity
for hope, out of their recognition that
democracy, despite its failures in regard
to them, had yet succeed in
giving the greatest freedom to the
largest group of people of any system
of government that the world has ever
known. Despite its blindness about
race, it had yet given its citizens more
education, more freedom of speech and
thought and belief, and more flexible
means of expressing their differences
and calling attention to and meeting
their needs, than had any other government
in man's history.

The faith of the Negroes was justified.
The walls of segregation are
crumbling now. Crumbling so fast that
it is not possible to keep up with the
changes happening every day in the
little towns of Dixie and in the cities,
sometimes blazing out in signs big
enough for the whole world to see,
sometimes quietly working in men's
hearts. Yes, the walls are falling.
Consider some of the barriers that are
already down:

Hundreds of Negro students are now
in Southern white colleges and universities.
And there has been no tension
on the campuses of these schools, despite
the demagogues' warnings that
violence would come where this to happen.
This peaceful process is going to
continue until every state school and
university in the South opens its doors
to students regardless of their color.

Now as these state colleges open, our
private colleges should open also--especially
our schools supported by the
churches. It is important that the theological
schools should open now, since
they claim to train Christian leaders.
And many are doing so.

In interstate travel changes have
also come rather swiftly. Because of
the old taboo about eating, Southerners
know that the abolition of restrictions
in dining cars is a profound cultural
change. Today, it is a pleasant thing
to report that Southerners are now
watching each other eat as they travel
through Dixie and no one has felt violent
about it, no one has fainted, no
one has had acute indigestion. The
sanity that Southern people possess
has prevailed.

This basic sanity needs to be stressed.
We Southerners have, of course, our
share of the mentally ill and delinquent
and our share of the perverse and our
share of potential criminals. But it is
a small percentage. yet the politicians
and the Klansman and--yes--a few
timid newspaper editors, have given the
world the impression that Southerners
are a violent, unstable people unable to
take criticism, unable to change even
when change is necessary for survival.
They have forecast violence and riots
whenever change has been suggested.
The South has within the past two 
years, proved this label false.

OTHER changes may quickly be
listed:

Negro policemen on nearly ever
Southern city police force. Negro
trained nurses fully integrated now
into the national association of graduate
nurses with full rights as to
equal salaries, and so on, protected.
Negroes on civic boards of many
Southern cities--the latest city to elect
a Negro representative to a city board
was Greensboro, N. C.

The masks are off the Klan in
Georgia, in South Carolina, in other
Southern states also. Now, without
secrecy, the Klan will soon die out.
Not only the new laws and the stripping-
off of those pillowcases but the
outspoken disapproval of the Klan by
nearly all educated white persons in
the South make their further activities
almost an impossibility.

More than 750,000 Negroes voted in
recent elections in the South. Indications
are that 1,500,000 will vote in
1952. There has been violence, now and
then; a few Negroes have been killed
or beaten up when attempting to vote.
But always this violence comes where
there are violent Negro-hating politicans
stirring up the hate feelings of
the people.

Many Southern libraries have opened
their research departments to Negro
scholars. A few city libraries have
opened their front doors to all citizens
who want to read, regardless of race.

Unsegregated audiences are becoming
more and more widespread - I myself
have spoken to many unsegregated
Southern audiences within the
past year.

In national sports we have grown
used to seeing Negroes and whites
playing together. That is almost an
old story now.

AND yet, these changes may seem
small--set against the tight rigid system
of segregation in the South as
those who were born in the South know
it. There is still so much to be done.
Still so many barriers that seem as
solid as concrete. But each change is
like a hole in a dam; the waters are
pouring through; the hole is getting
larger and larger; there is no way to
plug it now, and soon the old dam will
topple. There is no way--because the 
waters of change are in flood the world
over.

Segregation in the South has been
like a primitive taboo--different quantitatively
and qualitatively. I think,
from segregation in the North. A taboo
says: If you do this, you will die or
those you love will die. Great disaster
will befall you. A taboo says: You
must never question, you must simply
obey. A taboo's magic lies always in
its ability to keep everyone from daring
to break it or talk about breaking
it. If one person dares to question it
aloud: if two (Continued on Page 31)

LILLIAN SMITH, author of "Strange Fruit"
and "Killers of the Dream," frequently writes
about interracial matters from her native South.

Courtesy National Sculpture Society.
Negro--A symbolic figure sculptured b Negro artist Richmond Barthe.

9

[Caption for picture(s) on left: 
The Skylon, an emblem of 
the Festival of Britain.]

[Caption for picture(s) on right:
LIGHTS

The Festival of Britain at night -

The Thames glows as Festival lights]

The Renewed Dream 
Of a Merrie England

Britain's Festival, with its color and drama, 
has revived a weary people's zest for life.

By J. B. PRIESTLEY

J. B. PRIESTLEY is the author of two-score 
books and plays, most with British 
settings. He is former Unesco delegate.


LONDON. 

BEFORE approaching the main
topic of this article about the
Festival of Britain I have a 
little explaining to do. First, I must 
explain that I have no official connection 
whatever with the Festival, 
which has not directly put one penny 
into my pocket. But, as readers of my 
long novel, "Festival," will realize, I 
have a natural sympathy with the 
idea. I believe, as I declared recently 
in a radio talk, in "hard work and 
high jinks." And it happens that 
I was engaged by the British Broadcasting 
Company to give six radio 
talks, at a peak time on Sundays, that 
coincided with the opening weeks of 
the Festival. I was at liberty to choose 
my own subjects for these talks, which 
went out to a very large audience both 
at home and overseas, and decided to 
make the Festival my theme. So I 
have seen a good deal of it both in London 
and in the provinces, and have a 
fair notion of what is happening in 
Festival Britain.

London, with its South Bank Exhibition, 
its Festival Gardens and Fun 
Fair, its long list of art exhibitions 
and the like, its special season of music, 
ballet and drama, has naturally 
received most attention. But it is a 
great mistake to imagine that the 
Festival is confined to London. The 
catalogue of activities all over the 
country runs to scores and scores of 
pages in small type, and is indeed a 
formidable affair. Certain provincial 
cities, such as Liverpool, York, Edinburgh 
(and of course there are others), 
are known as "Official Festival 
Centers" and have received special 
grants. But the list is chiefly made 
up of small places, where no grant has 
been given and where the Festival 
activities depend on local enterprise 
and enthusiasm.

For example, Dunster is a little old 
place in Somerset. For five days in 
June Dunster offered its visitors 
"medieval booths, hucksters, Jugglers, 
beggars, men in stocks, monks chanting 
round the church, minstrels, a band 
of recorders, three teams of archers, 
five Morality plays, spinning and weaving, 
wool brought in on pack horses 
and spun on sight, the hobby horse, 
Morris and country dances, exhibitions 
of local handicrafts, sports and teas for 
children and a firework display." All 
of which is no bad effort for a rather 
remote village.

As an example of an "Official Festival 
Center" we may take Liverpool, 
which comes into action toward the 
end of July. (The celebrations in the 
cities have been planned to follow each 
other, so that everything is not happening 
at once.) Here, we are told, there


will be "a Festival of the Arts, five 
exhibitions, regattas and sporting 
events, open-air shows for children, 
civic decoration of the city with flowers, 
a series of processions with a cast 
of ten thousand, spectacular river 
events with demonstrations by the 
Royal Navy and Merchant Navy, and, 
to crown all, firework displays fired 
from a train of barges on a scale never 
before attempted in Britain." Clearly, 
Liverpool is doing its share.

Who is paying for all this? The big 
London show is, of course, financed by 
the Treasury, that is, by the Government;  
although the magnificent Royal 
Festival Concert Hall, a permanent 
building, has been erected by the London 
County Council, The Arts Council, 
also financed by the Government, has 
helped to subsidize the Official Centers, 
but municipal funds have had to be 
used too. In many of the little places 
the local people have had to pay for 
their own celebrations. And this, it 
must be remembered, at a time when 
the cost of living is rising steeply and 
we are bearing a burden of tax that is 
heavier for the individual than any 
recorded in history.

Moreover, you cannot have a list of 
activities running to scores and scores 
of pages in small type, and taking in 
most of the country. unless an enormous 
number of people, from Lord 
Mayors and leading industrialists to 
dairymaids and schoolboys, have agreed 
to play some part in the Festival. This 
disposes at once of the notion, put forward 
in some quarters, that the Festival 
has never had popular support, 
and is in fact an expensive device of 
the Government to distract attention 
from its mistakes.

There has, of course, been opposition 
to the Festival. Some of it was silenced 
by the official opening in May. Some 
of it still exists. It is mostly political 
Not that there is really any political 
issue involved; but then it is one of the 
chief weaknesses of the two-party system 
that anything approved of by the 
party in power must automatically be 
condemned by the party in opposition. 
(But it has been the noisier sections of 
the Tory press rather than actual Tory 
politicians who have most often attacked 
the Festival idea.)

Oddly enough, the idea was not 
born in the Labor camp but in a Liberal 
paper, The News Chronicle, whose editor, 
Gerald Barry, after he resigned 
was appointed director of the Festival. 
The Labor Minister who has been most 
enthusiastic about the scheme and from 
the first made himself responsible for 
it is Herbert Morrison (sometimes referred 
to as "Lord Festival"), and although 
he is an extremely adroit political 
tactician, I think it was mostly his 
cheerful gregarious Cockney temperament 
for 

(Continued on Page 33)


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'Segregation
Is Crumbling'
(Continued from Page 9)
question, three, four-ah, then
the magic no longer "works."
Those who support segregation
have depended upon fear
and silence to keep it strong
in the South. Now the old
silence is gone. Hundreds of
men and women are saying
their deep beliefs out loud. The
old cliche, said so often in
speeches and editorials, that
"only a fool would question
segregation" is not being
heard much, this summer, in
Dixie. It is a statement not
made even by the Dixiecrats.
For we have grown such a big 
crop of "fools" lately who are
questioning segregation not
only in their letters to the
press, and in speeches, but in
conversations everywhere.

This breaking of the old
conspiracy of science in the
South is big news - for when
men talk, they change. Philosophers
have often said that
man is the only animal who
talks to himself. He is certainly
the only animal who
talks about himself, about his
past, his feelings, his dreams,
his future. And he is the only 
animal who can change himself.
Because he is a talking
animal, he can talk about his
dreams, and talking about his
dreams makes him want those
dreams to come true, and
wanting those dreams to come
true gives him the power to
change himself, to draw upon
hidden potentialities for growth
within himself.
Dreaming, talking, acting:
this is the way that free men
bring change about, whether
it is change within themselves,
or within their culture or laws.
These changes talking place
in the South are good news for
many in the South- but not 
for everybody. Certainly not
for the old-line politician who 
has used racial fears so long.
It has been so much easier to
win votes by arousing anxieties
and then promising to
allay these false anxieties than
it has been deal with the
rational needs of people. Part
of the answer is that some of
these old politicians will have
to go home and hist their feet
up on the porch railing and
think of the past that is no
more, of those lush meadows
of fear and hate and ignorance
that they used to exploit.

Fortunately, there are
young, intelligent, socially
aware politicians who will take
their places: men like Estes
Kefauver. But some of these
old-line politicos are rather
durable. Some of them will
wet a finger, hold it up to the
breeze and just get converted
overnight to the new idea of a
changing South.
In addition to the old-line
politicians, there are white
and colored people who do not
want to give up segregation
because they make money off
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31



(Continued from Preceding Page)
our Jim Crow life. Negro
business leaders of the South
are, some of them, very sad
about segregation going.
They've grown rich in this
segregated system. There are
white rural landlords in the
backward counties who are 
unhappy about this too; and
certain white real estate
groups in the North,and absentee
landlords in the North
--and a few Southern industrialists
who want to control
the race-baiting politicians.
But there are others also,
white and colored, who do not
want to give up segregation
because they have deep psychological 
reasons for clinging 
to it. Racial segregation
has been a strong wall behind
which weak egos have
hidden for a long time. A
white man who feels inferior,
who can add up more failures
than successes in his public
and private life, craves the 
feeling of superiority which
his white skin has given him
in our culture. A Negro who
has been frustrated in his
home, who did not get a good
emotional start as a child, who
has also felt oppression in its
many painful Jim Crow forms
has leaned so hard on his
hatred of white people and on
the withdrawal which this wall
of segregation has made possible,
that he is going to fell
torn loose from his moorings 
when segregation disappears.
This loss of one's old psychic
defenses, one's old images
of the self, is the price that
mankind pays for profound 
cultural change. And this loss
is often the cause of the insane
violence that change
sometimes brings forth.

It is very important, therefore,
to understand that these
changes now taking place in 
our culture cannot take place
harmoniously without equal
changes taking place within
men's hearts and minds. It is 
important that we remember,
also, that when a man gives 
up something, even old defenses,
he is not going to feel 
good unless he has something 
equal, or better, returned to
him. This is the bargain which
each human being makes with
his own personality; this is the 
bargain a man makes with his
family, his government, his
culture, and even with his religion.
These are the terms of 
real and lasting peace, whether
it be peace of mind or soul, or
peace between nations, classes,
or races.
Two big jobs are ahead, now
that profound changes are 
taking place in the South, now
that segregation is crumbling.
The first job is to hasten the
crumbling, for time is important.
Walls are not only falling 
in the South, they are falling
everywhere, and American
democracy can win the imagination
of the world only by 
showing the world that within
the strongest democracy on 
earth all of its citizens have
been accepted and given their
rights.
The second job is a very important
one also. We must 
give back to our people, white
and colored, in this time of severe
change, something equal
to or better than that which 
has been taken away from
them.
The South has been through
one hard and terrible reconstruction.
No one wants it to
go through another. And it 
will not be necessary -- for 
Southerners have already demonstrated
their capacity for
change -- if our leaders remember
that they must give our 
people new beliefs,new images
of themselves to substitute for
the old "superior white" and
the old "hurt, frustrated Negro,"
new outlets for thier
frustrations, new and creative
outlets.
It is a tremendous responsibility,
an awesome and fascinating
job for Southern writers
and speakers and teachers
and leaders: to find new words 
for old; to create new images
without which men cannot live
sane lives.
The good people, the wise
people, the talented ones,
failed. Germany in her time of
great change. Great writers --
and Germany could claim some
of the world's most distinguished 
--were not the ones
who said words that created 
substitutions for the psychic
defenses which the Germans
lost in their defeat in the first
World War. Germany's poets
and novelists and preachers
and teachers could have filled
this void but they failed to do
it. So Hitler filled it.
During Russia's great change,
the new words were given the
people by the Communist 
party. It was communism and
the Communist leaders who
gave the people the image of
themselves that they now
have. Mao and his fellow-
Communists are doing the
same for China.

The poets, the wise men, the
talented, were mute. They 
withdrew to their ivory towers
and let the demagogues of the
world take over the most precious
task, the most important
to the human being in time of
change: that of giving him
images of himself to live by,
images created out of words.
What a sad and tragic thing 
this will be in the South if 
those who are gifted stay 
silent!
Each of us has his own
dream of the future.
To me, the future holds no
room for segregation in any of
its forms, whether it be racial
segregation, or banning of
books and ideas, or political
isolationism, or iron curtains,
or concentration camps, or the
split within men's own minds
that isolates them from reality.
The ancient patters of
withdrawal are the patters of 
death and destruction.
Our new world will be a 
whole world; its people united 
under a democratic federation
of nations; its united will be the 
free individual, growing from
childhood steadily toward a 
full maturity, accepting both
freedom and responsibility, accepting
all people as human
beings with the same right to
grow and to be different as he
has. A whole world requires 
that whole men live in it. To
have whole men means that
we must have integrated individuals.
To have integrated 
individuals means that our
children must be given the
chance to grow not as split-up
personalities in whom body,
mind and emotions are forever
warring but as children
kept whole, with strong creative
loving egos that bind the
body and personality together,
and to their world.

Part of our fear today, part
of the anxiety which so many
feel, springs from the knowledge
that this changing world
requires that each of us
change himself; that a world
made whole means that each 
of us must be made whole, 
also. We want to be sure it is
going to be worth it.
It seems worth it to me: to
gain a new whole world for
this split one that has warred
with itself s long; to gain, in
place of our old split-up personalities,
health and stability.
In the South we are making a 
good bargain in swapping our
old segregated world, our segregated 
culture, our segregated
personality, for love and 
wholeness and dignity in men's
relationships with each other
and with themselves.





1020 19th Street NW
Washington 6, D.C.
July 18, 1951

Dear Mrs. Terrell:

Mother's address is:
Care of Gulick
Greensboro, Vermont

I'm sure she is anxious to hear
from you. You were smart not
to come in to Washington during
the strike- the traffic was awful.
Mother understood that.

Thank you so much for
your invitation to the beach.
I am leaving for my vacation

sometime next week, and am to be out of town this Sunday, so it doesn't look as if there would be any chance, but I do wish I could. I shall be back around the middle of August, and mother is coming with me. Perhaps we could do it then.

I hope you are keeping cool and getting a good rest.

Sincerely, 
Dorothy


438 Grand Ave
Brooklyn 16 N.Y.
July 19, 1951

My dear Mrs. Terrell,
Your letter read upon my return from New Bedford, Mass. where I attended the funeral of Mrs. Brooks on Tuesday last. My heart is very sad as she was my "mother" since the passing of my own mother years ago, she was stricken with a cerebral.

Hemorhage on the downtown Street Thursday 
July 12th at 4:30 p.m. and  died  without regaining
 consciousness at 8:35 p.m.
Bus the show must go on and I am 
happy to say that everything is now complete
 and I can rest a moment before 
the Convention. 
Shall arrive in DC, Monday July 23rd
and will be located at 1009 Kenyon St,
N.W. Washington 10. D.C; Adams, 4685
until Tuesday evening when I move to 
Slowe Hall. Hope to see you sometime before
 the Convention
With all good wishes.
Susie F. Jones.

COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE ENFORCEMENT
OF THE D.C. ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAWS

Chairman: Mrs. Mary Church Terrell

1103 Trenton Place, S.E.
Washington, D.C.
July 20, 1951

Dear Mrs. Terrell:

I am sending a copy of this letter and copies of the
statement for the Commissioners and the minutes to your S Street
address because I am afraid I may miss reaching you at the Bay
if the mail is slow. I waited until the statement was ready before
writing you, but I hope I haven't waited too long. Here is the
set-up for Tuesday:

Commissioners
As you wrote, we are to meet the Commissioners on Tuesday.
July 24th, at 10:00 A.M. in Room 503, District Building,
14th and E Streets N.W.
I had asked the Commissioners to permit 6 persons, so that
Rec. Murray and Margaret Haywood could be included. Unfortunately,
neither Margaret nor Rev. Jernagin can come
on Tuesday. I have invited the following persons to come-
I hope it will meet with your approval:

Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
Rev. Arthur F. Elmes
Rev. C.T. Murray
Wm. D. Nixon, Oldest Inhabitants
David Mein
Annie Stein

David Hein has prepared a statement for us to present to
the Commissioners and give to the press at the conference.
I am enclosing a copy of the draft for your approval and
will mimeograph it on Monday after I hear from you. You might
want to lead off the discussion by first reading the statement
and then adding your personal comments.

Hecht's
The last meeting was devoted almost entirely to Hechts. A copy
of the minutes is enclosed. We are stating our picket line
today from 4:00 PM to 6:00 P.M. and will continue the line every
Friday at the same hours throughout the summer. Then, if they
are still stubborn, we will increase the picketing in the fall.
We all felt we could swing the two hours a week with ease despite
the fact that many people will be away this summer.

Miscellaneous:
I am enclosing an assortment of odds and ends that I have been meaning

Telephone:
Jo. 2-6932


-2-

to send you for some time.
1) a clipping proving that Commissioner Donohue really and truly
was out of town that day we were supposed to meet with them.
2) copies of two of the telegrams sent to the Church at the time
of the mass meeting. The Western Union people were unable to
find Dr. O'Connor's message, but they say if he will tell us
whether he sent it by phone or how they can still find it.
3) I am returning Mrs. Nelson's kind letter and am turning the
check over to Walter Williams, our treasurer. 

4) Most important- I am enclosing a copy of the brief filed
by the Attorney-General. If you find the time (in the short
time I've given you) to read this brief before we see the 
Commissioners I think we will find many opportunities during
our discussion to quote from it and embarass the Commissioners
with the contract in their attitude and the attitude of the
U.S. government. 

My personal problems are still a little complex, which is my only excuse
for writing so late. Arthur is recovering as the Doctor expected,- but
a little too slowly for his own peace of mind and hence mine. He is going
to work a few hours a day, but tires very easily. We are planning to
take a longish vacation starting about the 6th of August and perhaps
staying away for that whole month.

Robert Smith will be in charge of the picket line at Hechts and I will
arrange for someone here to answer the correspondence and send you all
the important letters. Mrs. Trigg is back now and perhaps she will
be willing to do that while I am away. Other than those two things
I think everything wise will hold. The amicus briefs will have to be
filed toward the end of September so there will be plenty of time to
work on that when I get back. I'm looking forward to having along 
vacation- our first real vacation in several years.

I am looking forward eagerly to Tuesday, not because I want to see
the Commissioners (with whom I think we will not have a very good time)
but because I will see you again after such a long long time. Please
forgive my crowding so very much in one letter.

Much love to you, dear Mrs. Terrell.

Yours,
Annie

National Ass'n of Colored Women Inc.
1008 City Park Avenue
Toledo 2, Ohio

Mrs. Ella P. Stewart
President

At Headquarters
July 20, 1951

My dear, dear Lady Terrell;
     Well here I am in D.C. for a 
day attending this advisory
committee meeting of Defense
manpower and thought of
running out to the beach for
a chat with you, but found
the distance too far for a
hike.
     This comes to say please
come in for the N. E. meeting
and spend Thursday here 
because the N. A. C. W. is
planning a tea honoring
the officers and delegates
and surely you must
head the receiving line - 
we hope to have some
on the lawn at Headquarters, 
Susie Jones is trying so

hard to make n.e. conscious
of being a part of the national.
Please come in and give her 
your moral support.
Sorry that I have to be in
California on the date of 
n.e. meeting.
I know you were shocked
to have learned of Mrs Brook's
death. Mrs. Hamilton went up
to represent n.a.c.w.
Please do not disappoint us
on Thursday. Mrs Rowan
will do every thing possible
to make you comfortable.
I must leave for home today
so as to leave Monday for 
Denver n.w Regional meeting
enroute to California to make
plans for our 1952 convention.
I am writing Phillis a note
asking her to see that you
get to our Lawn Party.
With love + best wishes
Hastily
Ella

July 20, 1951

Dear Mrs. Terrell:

I am sending a copy of this letter and copies of the
statement for the Commissioners and the minutes to your S Street
address because I am afraid I may miss reaching you at the Bay
if the mail is slow.  I waited until the statement was ready before
writing you, but I hope I haven't waited too long.  Here is the
set-up for Tuesday:

Commissioners

As you wrote, we are to meet the Commissioners on Tuesday,
July 24th, at 10:00 A.M. in Room 503, District Building,
14th and E Streets N.W.
I have asked the Commissioners to permit 6 persons, so that
Rev. Murray and Margaret Haywood could be included.  Unfortunately, 
neither Margaret or Rev. Jernagin can come
on Tuesday.  I have invited the following persons to come-
I hope it will meet with your approval:

Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
Rev. Arthur F. Elmes
Rev. C. T. Murray
Wm. D. Nixon, Oldest Inhabitants
David Rein
Annie Stein

David Rein has prepared a statement for us to present to
the Commissioners and give to the press at the conference.
I am enclosing a copy of the draft for your approval and
will mimeograph it on Monday after I hear from you.  You might
want to lead off the discussion by first reading the statement
and then adding your personal comments.

Hecht's
The last meeting was devoted almost entirely to Hechts.  A copy 
of the minutes is enclosed.  We are starting our picket line
today from 4:00 PM to 6:00 P.M. and will continue the line every
Friday at the same hours throughout the summer.  Then, if they
are still stubborn, we will increase the picketing in the fall.
We all felt we could swing the two hours a week with ease despite
the fact that many people will be away this summer.

Miscellaneous:
I am enclosing an assortment of odds and ends that I have been meaning 




-2-
to send you for some time,

1) a clipping providing that Commissioner Donohue really and truly
was out of town that day we were supposed to meet with them.
2) copies of two of the telegrams sent to the Church at the time
of the mass meeting.  The Western Union people were unable to
find Dr. O'Connor's message, but they say if he will tell us
whether he sent it by phone or how they can still find it.
3) I am returning Mrs. Nelson's kind letter and am turning the
check over to Walter Williams, our treasurer.

4) Most important- I am enclosing a copy of the brief filed
by the Attorney-General.  If you find the time (in the short
time I've given you) to read this brief before we see the
Commissioners I think we will find many opportunities during
our discussion to quote from it and embarass the Commissioners
with the contrast in their attitude and the attitude of the 
U.S. government.

My personal problems are still a little complex, which is my only excuse
for writing so late.  Arthur is recovering as the Doctor expected,-but
a little too slowly for his own peace of mind and hence mine.  He is going
to work a few hours a day, but tires very easily.  We are planning to
take a longish vacation starting about the 6th of August and perhaps
staying away for that whole month.

Robert Smith will be in charge of the picket line at Hechts and I will
arrange for someone here to answer the correspondence and send you all
the important letters.  Mrs. Trigg is back now and perhaps she will
be willing to do that while I am away.  Other than those two things
I think everything else will hold.  The amicus briefs will have to be
filed toward the end of September so there will be plenty of time to
work on that when I get back.  I'm looking forward to having along
vacation- our first real vacation in several years.

I am looking forward eagerly to Tuesday, not because I want to see
the Commissioners (with whom I think we will not have a very good time)
but because I will see you again after such a long long time.  Please
forgive my crowding so very much into one letter.

Much love to you, dear Mrs. Terrell.

Yours,

Draft of statement to be transcribed to the District Commissioners 
by the Coordinating Committee on Tuesday, July 24th, 1951 
10:00 A.M.

The decision of the Municipal Court of Appeals in the Thompson Restaurant 
Case marked a tremendous advance in the elimination of discrimination and 
the growth of democracy in the nation's capital.

Except for one unfortunate but significant incident, the handing down of 
this decision would have resulted in the elimination of discrimination in 
almost all eating places in the District of Columbia. Although we had 
expected the Commissioners to greet this decision as a welcome and signal 
victory, instead Corporation Counsel Vernon West followed the announcement 
of the decision with an immediate statement that he would not enforce the 
Act pending review by a higher court. In effect, this statement invited 
and encouraged violation[s] of the law.

Mr. West spoke for the District of Columbia and the Commissioners have to 
this date been silent, thus letting the public believe that they sanction 
and approve his statement. This statement of Mr. West is unprecedented 
and in flagrant disregard of the responsibilities of his office. We know 
of no other instance where a public official has refused to enforce a 
law simply because someone has challenged it in court, even though the 
court has rejected that challenge. The action is as inexcusable as if 
the Commissioners made a public announcement that they would cease 
collecting taxes because someone challenged the validity of the tax laws.

It is necessary that the Commissioners take prompt steps to correct this 
egregious error of Mr. West. We believe it imperative that the Commissioners 
join with the Solicitor-General of the United States in recognizing the 
seriousness of the problem of racial discrimination in the capital city 
and of the urgency of eliminating such discrimination.



Statement-page two

Only recently, Commissioner[s] Donohue welcomed the renowned artist, 
Josephine Baker, and presented her with the key to the city. This 
key, however, did not admit her to the public restaurants of the city. 
Miss Baker was denied service at the basement lunch counter at the 
Hecht Co. because of her color. Certainly the welcome accorded Miss 
Baker would have been [must] much more significant if [th] Commissioner 
Donohue had presented to her instead an assurance that she would be 
accorded in the capital city of her homeland the dignity and respect 
showered on her in every other country in the world.

We believe that the Commissioners should do no less for the colored 
residents of the District. It is the Commissioners sworn duty to 
uphold and enforce the laws of the District. The fact that the anti-discrimination 
law has been accorded a status different from that of any 
other law on the books can only give rise to the impression that the 
Commissioners do not take seriously the problem of discrimination in the 
District and are anything but wholehearted in working for its elimination.

The Commissioners can erase this impression. We request the Commissioners 
to announce to the citizens of the District:
1. their intention to end discrimination in the District by every 
    legal means within their power,
2. that the anti-discrimination Act of 1873 is now law in the 
    District of Columbia and in full force and effect,
3. that any restaurant refusing to serve any well-behaved person 
    is in violation of the law and subject to $100 fine and revocation 
    of license,
4. that all complaints of violation of this law will be vigorously 
    prosecuted.

Respectfully submitted,
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Chairman
Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of
the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws

Minutes of the meeting of
THE HECHT BOYCOTT COMMITTEE
July 11, 1951
at 1015 M Street, N.W.

Mrs. Annie Stein presided in the absence of Mrs. Terrell and Mrs. Trigg

Secretary's report: Mrs. Stein reported that the appeal in the U.S. Court
of Appeals has been accepted, but that the case would not be heard until
winter or spring of 1952. She also reported that complaints had been filed
with the Corporation Counsel's office by Mr. Wm. D. Nixon and Mr. Walter
Williams for refusal to serve by the Hecht Co.

HECHT BOYCOTT PLANS:

A motin was made and carried that we conduct a 2 hour picket line each
week during July and August in front of the Hecht Co. The hours agreed
upon were Friday from 4:00 PM to 6 P.M. Mr. Robert Smith, assisted by
Mrs. Eloise Smith, were elected to be in charge for the months of July
and August. 

The first line is to be formed on Friday, July 20th with the following
volunteering to picket: Mr. Williams, Mr. Verdie Robinson, Mr and Mrs. 
Robert Smith, Mr. Randolph Blackwell, Mrs. Annie Stein, and three persons
to be appointed by the Cafeteria Union (Mr. Oliver Palmer's pledge)

A committee consisting of Mrs. Elliot, Mr. Williams, Mr. Blackwell and
Mr. Smith to be in charge of writing the slogans and having the placards
and leaflets prepared.

A motion was made and defeated that Mr. Shine be authorized to have
a committee from his organization reopen negotiations with the Hecht
Co. informing them that picketing was being planned. It was decided
instead that the Hecht Co. not be informed of our plans, but that
efforts to negotiate he encouraged after out picket line has been established. 

A motion was made and passed that a delegation of the ministers sponsoring
the mass meeting be organized to visit the Hecht officials. The Church
Committee was instructed to arrange this. The Church Committee, Mrs.
Eloise Smith, and Mrs. Arline Hays in charge, were also instructed to call
all the sponsoring ministers and request that they appoint three members
to assist in the picketing.

A motion was made and passed that a restaurant survey be conducted during
the week, checking on all the old restaurants and as many more as possible,
to enable us to print a new restaurant list by August 1.

It was agreed that a sit-down at Hechts be conducted this Friday, July 13.
The following volunteered to participate: Mr. and Mrs. Brown, Miss Ellen
Williams, Mr. Walter Shine, Mr. Robert Smith, Mrs. Eloise Smith, Mr. Joe
Edwards, Mr. Elmer Kyler.

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT

JOHN R. THOMPSON CO., INC.,
Petitioner,
v.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,
Respondent

No. 11,039

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,
Petitioner,
v.
JOHN R. THOMPSON CO., INC.,
Respondent

No 11,044

MEMORANDUM FOR THE UNITED STATES AS
AMICUS CURIAE

PHILIP B. PERLMAN,
Solicitor General.



IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT

JOHN R. THOMPSON CO., INC.,
Petitioner,
v.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,
Respondent

No. 11,039

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,
Petitioner,
v.
JOHN R. THOMPSON CO., INC.,
Respondent

No 11,044

MEMORANDUM FOR THE UNITED STATES
AS AMICUS CURIAE

This memorandum is submitted by the United States as amicus curiae because the
issues involved in this case are of substantial national importance. The problem of
racial discrimination in the Nation's Capital is, for numerous reasons, a matter of 
serious concern to the entire country.

First, it should be noted that several hundred thousand federal employees,
representing every State in the Union and including every segment of our population,
work and live in this area. It is the established policy of the United
States that its employees shall be selected without regard to race or color. The
Federal Government particularly deplores discriminations of any kind against its
employees because of color, religion, national ancestry, or other irrelevant fact.

Secondly, it is important to recall that the embassies and legations of foreign
governments are located in the District of Columbia. Foreign officials and visitors
are likely to judge this country and our people by their experiences and observations
in the Nation's Capital. Racial discrimination in Washington assumes exaggerated 
importance in conveying a misleading impression of American life. Moreover, many

-1-

of the representative of foreign governments are not white. The President's Committee
on Civil Rights reported that "Foreign officials are often mistaken for American Negroes
and refused food, lodging and entertainment. However, once it is established that they 
are not Americans, they are accommodated."*_/
Third, and perhaps most important, the existence of racial discrimination in the
Nation's Capital constitutes a serious flaw in our democracy. The need to eliminate
this gap between ideals and practice represents a challenge to the sincerity of our
profession of the democratic faith. The United States is now endeavoring to prove to
the entire world that democracy is the best form of government yet devised by man. It
must by its own example demonstrate the superiority of the free, democratic way of life.
The President has stated:
"If we wish to inspire the peoples of the world whose freedom
is in jeopardy, if we wish to restore hope to those who have
already lost their civil liberties, if we wish to fulfill the
promise that is ours, we must correct the remaining imperfec-
tions in our practice of democracy. We know the way. We
need only the will."**_/
In proposing to Congress the enactment of a model civil rights law for the
District, President Truman has stated that "The District of Columbia should be
a true symbol of American freedom and democracy for our own people, and for the

*_/ Report of the Committee, To Secure These Rights, issued October 1947,
p. 95.

**_/ Message to the Congress, February 2, 1948, H. Doc. No. 516, 80th Cong.,
2d Sess., p. 7.

-2-


--next page--


people of the world."*_/ Instead, as the President's Committee on Civil Rights has
found, the District of Columbia "is a graphic illustration of a failure of democracy.
As the seat of our federal government under the authority of Congress the failure
of the District is a failure of all of the people."**_/ The President's Committee
summarized its findings as follows:
For Negro Americans, Washington is not just the nation's
capital. It is the point at which all public transportation
into the South becomes "Jim Crow." If he stops in Washington,
a Negro may dine like other men in the Union Station, but as
soon as he steps out into the capital, he leaves such demo-
cratic practices behind. With very few exceptions, he is
refused service at downtown restaurants, he may not attend
a downtown movie or play, and he has to go into the poorer
section of the city to find a night's lodging. The Negro
who decides to settle in the District must often find a
home in an overcrowded, substandard area. He must often 
take a job below the level of his ability. He must send
his children to the inferior public schools set aside for
Negroes and entrust his family's health to medical agencies
which give inferior service. In addition, he must endure
the countless daily humiliations that the system of seg-
regation imposes upon the one-third of Washington that is
Negro.***_/
The question of law presented in this case is whether the "Equal Service" Acts
enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the District of Columbia on June 20, 1872,
and June 26, 1873, are valid laws which are still in effect. The 1872 Act makes it
a misdemeanor for the proprietor of any restaurant, hotel, ice-cream parlor, soda
fountain, barber shop, or bath house to refuse service to any respectable, well-
behaved person, without regard to the latter's race, color or previous condition
of servitude. Violation is punishable by a $100 fine and forfeiture of license
for one year. The 1873 Act, so far as pertinent here, imposes a similar obliga-
tion of non-discriminatory service upon owners of restaurants, bars, ice-cream
parlors, and soda fountains, and provides the same penalties for violations.
The latter enactment also contains administrative provisions, not in the 1872
Act, for transmittal of posted price lists to the Register of the District,
penalties for failure to transmit such lists, etc.
*_/ Id., p. 5.
**_/ To Secure These Rights, p. 89.
***_/ Ibid.

-3-

The facts of the case are simple and undisputed. Three colored persons, who
concededly were "respectable and well-behaved" entered defendant's restaurant and asked to be served. They were told by defendant's local manager "that it was not
the policy of the restaurant to serve members of the Negro race." Admittedly,
defendant's refusal to serve the three complainants was solely because of race and
color. An information filed by the Corporation Counsel, on behalf of the District
of Columbia, charged in four counts that defendant's conduct was in violation of
the 1872 and 1873 Acts, the first count being based on the Act of 1872 and the other three counts on the Act of 1873.
In the courts below, defendant argued that these two Acts are a dead letter
which can be violated with impunity. The District of Columbia, on the other hand,
contended that these enactments are valid and still in force. This contention
received the support of numerous amici curiae. The trial judge quashed the information,
holding that the Acts, while valid in their inception, had been repealed
by implication by subsequent legislation. On appeal, the three judges of the
Municipal Court of Appeals reached differing conclusions. Chief Judge Cayton
found that both the 1872 and the 1873 Acts were valid when enacted and had not been
repealed. Judge Clagett concluded that the 1872 Act had been repealed by the 1873
Act, at least so far as restaurants are concerned, but that the latter Act was valid
and still in effect. Judge Hood, dissenting, thought that both Acts were invalid
from the outset because they dealt with a subject-matter beyond the authority of
the Legislative Assembly. Consequently, the effect of the majority ruling of the
court below is to uphold the 1873 Act, but not the 1872 Act, as applied to a 
restaurant which refuses to serve any respectable, well-behaved person.
The Acts of 1872 and 1873 were enacted soon after the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments were written into the Constitution to assure the newly-freed
slaves that they stood free and equal before the law. These Acts supplemented and
gave concrete application to the constitutional guarantees. The considerations
underlying legislation which prohibits racial discrimination in places of public 
accommodation were well expressed in Ferguson v. Gies, 82 Mich. 358, 367-368, as
follows:
The man who goes either by himself or with his family to a 
public place must expect tot meet and mingle with all classes
-4-

of people. he cannot ask, to suit his caprice or prejudice
or social views, that this or that man shall be excluded
because he does not wish to associate with them. He may
draw his social line as closely as he chooses at home, or
in other private places, but he cannot in a public place
carry the privacy of his home with him, or ask that people
not as good or great as he is shall step aside when he
appears.
The United States respectfully submits that both the 1872 and 1873 Acts are
valid and still in full force and effect. The opinion of Chief Judge Cayton in
the court below amply demonstrates that these Acts were well within the power
of the Legislative Assembly to enact; that they have not subsequently been repealed,
either expressly or by implication; and that they have not subsequently been repealed, either expressly or by implication; and that the 1873 Act is not inconsistent with
the 1872 Act because there "is no reason why the two laws cannot exist side by side
without conflict." To be sure, the two Acts overlap as applied to restaurants,
ice-cream parlors, and soda fountains; and, in our view, if the two Acts are construed
harmoniously, only the later enactment should apply to offenses committed 
by the owners of such facilities. The decision below, in so far as it upholds the
validity of the 1873 Act as applied to a restaurant which refuses service to a well-behaved
respectable person simply because he is colored, is clearly correct and
should not be disturbed.
This case involves only a restaurant, and since (as the majority of the court 
below correctly held) its refusal to serve the complainants was a plain violation of
the 1873 Act, the question whether its conduct also violated the 1872 Act, which prescribes identical penalties for the same offense, would appear to be academic. 
For that reason the Court, if it agrees that the decision below as to the 1873 Act 
is correct, may deem it appropriate to permit the decision below to stand, and to 
deny both petitions for appeal. * If, however, notwithstanding the correctness
* It is conceivable that mere denial of the appeals might erroneously be regarded
as carrying with it an implication that the 1872 Act could not validly be applied to 
the facilities other than restaurants which are dealt with in the 1872 Act but not in
the 1873 Act. In our opinion, no such inference would be justified. However, the
Court may, out of an abundance of caution, deem it proper, if it denies the appeals,
to state that such denial is without prejudice to the question, should it arise in
the future, as to whether the 1872 Act applies to the public accommodations other
than restaurants covered by its terms.

-5-

of the ruling below as to the application of the 1873 Act, the Court should deter-
mine that the manifest importance of the issues warrants further review, we urge
that the petitions for appeal filed by both petitions for appeal filed by both parties should be granted, so that all
aspects of the problems involved may be considered and passed upon the Court.
Respectfully submitted.

Philip B. Perlman, 
Solicitor General.

June 1951.

[CLEAR FULL MOON] 
AIR PORT 
MEMPHIS TERMINAL
20 JULY 1951
DEAR MRS.TERRELL,
I SEEM TO REMEMBER
SOMEONES FAMOUS WORDS
THAT MEMPHIS WAS BUILT
ON A BLUFF.
WELL, ITS CALLED MINE
MRS. TERRELL AND I'M
EN ROUTE TO CALIFORNIA
TO SEE A CERTAIN GENTLE-
MAN OF OUR MUTUAL 
ACQUAINTANCE - 
I HAVE AN UNEASY
FEELING THAT I DID NOT
KEEP AN ENGAGEMENT 
FOR WHICH I HOPE, THE
COMPLICATIONS BEING WHAT 
THEY ARE, MAY BE 
FORGIVEN
LOVE, 
Polly

MEMPHIS
9 AM
JULY 20
1951
A.M.

POST CARD 
AIR MAIL
MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL
1615 S ST. N. W.
WASHINGTON, D.C.
[*Highland Beach
Md*]
AIRMAIL

Memphis, Tennessee, showing Mississippi River and 
Riverside Drive by Moonlight

FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY
OFFICE OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.

July 25, 1951

Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
1615 S Street, N. W.
Washington 9, D. C.

Dear Mrs. Terrell:

I had hoped to write you a personal note
long before now, but many circumstances have 
occurred to make this impossible.  This typed
letter, however, is none the less sincere in my
belated expression of appreciation for the mes-
sage you sent me at the time of my Testimonial
Dinner.  Your personal felicitations and words
of commendation and good will concerning our
work shall always be a valuable treasure in my
book of memories.

Please accept my best wishes for your own
continued success and happiness in all that you
do.

Very cordially yours,
Ambrose Caliver
Assistant to the Commissioner

SUMMER INTERRACIAL WORKSHOP 1 9 5 1
INSPIRATION HOUSE ANNEX, 1834 Kalorema Road, N. W., Washington 9, D.C.
DUpont 7377
Wally Nelson, Director
Sponsored by:
Congress of Racial Equality
Fellowship of Reconciliation

July 25, 1951

Dear friend,

It gives me real pleasure to address this message to you.
The fact that you are already acquainted with the Summer Work-
shop and the type of activities it carries on makes my task
easier.  Therefore I will omit all comments designed to sell
you on our project and come directly to our point of concern.
As you can probably guess, this is an appeal for financial aid.

This year we have fourteen Workshoppers, six of whom have
been able to pay their way.  Three of the other eight have been
able to make a contribution but need some aid.  Five of us must
receive complete scholarships.

As always our running expenses are heavy; we have had to
rent typewriters and a mimeograph machine - as well as buy paper
and stamps.  An unexpected rise in the cost of board and room
has also helped to put us in the hole.  As things are now
shaping up, we must raise $300. bu the end of the month.  Any
contribution you can make will be appreciated.  Please make checks
payable to the SUMMER INTERRACIAL WORKSHOP.

Sincerely,
Wally Nelson

SUMMER INTERRACIAL
WORKSHIP BULLETIN
-.1951.-
INTERRACIAL WORKSHOP 1951 VOL. NO. 2 JULY 19, 1951 PAGE 1

NEIGHBORHOOD MEETING DISCUSSES
HOOVER PLAYGROUND PROJECT . . .

Hoover playground came to the attention of the recreation committee
during their visit to all district-owned grounds in the city.
Hoover, which admits only white children, is situated in a predominately
Negro neighborhood. The Negro children's nearest playground is
nearly a half-mile away at Randall playground which is too far for the
small children to travel. Also the children in the Hoover area must
cross M street, a very busy street, to get to Randall.
Contrasts were found between the two grounds in regards to equipment
and number of staff. In the Hoover neighborhood information is
being gathered from primary and secondary sources in regards to health,
safety, population, and schools.
Interviews with residents of the
area reveal a unanimous desire
among the Negro parents to have
this play space available for
their children.
The workshop is also directing
attention to the needed reconciliation
with the white residents
of the area.
"Shall Hoover playground be
open to all? Lot's talk is over"
was the invitation to a neighborhood
meeting at the 2nd Baptist
Church in the Southwest area on
Monday, July 16.
A neighborhood committee was
set up at the meeting to outline
a plan of action in attempting to
open Hoover, a district-operated
playground, to all children.
Rev. Jesse Brown of the host
church presided, and Steve Best
presented the CORE group's aims
and philosophy. After the open
meeting, the temporary community
committee met informally and decided
to meet to set up their organizational
needs and a program
of action Tuesday, July 24. The
CORE group at present is preparing
a leaflet for the committee's 
use and distribution and will
cooperate in any way it can in
helping the committee carry out
its functions.
---------------------------------------------
NON-VIOLENCE IN ACTION
On Friday night, July 6, the
Chickland Club, Capitol Heights,
Maryland opened on a non-segregated
basis and was the scene of
considerable property damage as a
result. Mr. Shamwell, co-proprietor
announced that the club
would reopen Friday, July 13 and
invited the workshop members for
the purpose of attempting to lessen
the possibility of further
violence. We discussed the situation
and decided that we would
go there as individuals and not
as a workshop project.
In accordance with CORE tactics,
it was argued we go as an
interracial group, and to operate
under group CORE discipline. At
no time would any member of the
group retaliate either by word,
look or action to whatever physical
violence occurred or to whatever
insults were directed our
way. These tactics were strictly
adhered to.
Twelve of us drove out to the 
Chickland. On approaching the
club, we saw a fairly large crowd
standing on both sides of the 
street. Five or six policemen
were in sight; more were in a 
nearby car. Women and children
were present; whole families evidently
had strolled down after supper "to see the fun". 
Since Paul and Ellen are under 21, they remained outside and mingled
with the crowd. The others went inside and seated themselves
(CONT. on page 3)

INTERRACIAL WORKSHIP BULLETIN  JULY 19, 1951  PAGE 2

1951 INTERRACIAL WORKSHIP BULLETIN

Issued by the members as a progress
report to all interested.

STAFF:
Nancy Poore--Editor
Steve Best
Dottie Prince
Lee Peery
Contributions from other workshop
members.
---------------------------------------------
WHO'S WHO IN THE SUMMER WORKSHOP

PAUL SHIMAN, Millburn, New Jersey
Paul has completed two years at
Yale where he is majoring in the
Integrated social sciences. He
was introduce to non-violence by
speeches of Bayard Rustin and
John Swomley and become concerned
with race relation while working
with a campus group and the
AFSC setting up weekend work-camps.
He spent last summer in
Chicago in an AFSC industrial
project.
-
MARVIN KATZ, Boston, Mass.
In January of 1950 Marvin went to
William Penn College in Oskalossa
Iowa for one semester. Last
summer he participated in a
Caravan for Peace sponsored by
the Fellowship of Reconciliation.
He has been living in Harlem,
U.S.A. for the past year in an
effort to make that section less
of a ghetto. Previous to coming
here, he has been a member of the
FoR Peace Leadership Workshop
in Peekskill, N.Y. Its members
have now split up into three
groups one of which is here in
Washington.
-
ELMER DENLINGER, Elkhart, Indiana
graduated from Beloit College,
Beloit, Wisconsin in the sprint
of 1950. He majored in anthropology
and Spanish. During the
summers for the past four years
he has been doing archaeological
work in Florida, Wisconsin, Oregon,
and North and South Dakota.
He would like to do volunteer
(CONCL. top next column)

relief work in Mexico with the
AFSC, but at present is a member
of the FoR Peace Workshop, located 
in Peekskill, N.Y. He too
is here in Washington trying
to do peace work with the betterment
of race relations.
-
EROSEANNA ROBINSON, Chicago, Ill.
and Cleveland, Ohio; received her
B.A. degree in art education from
the Art Institute in Chicago and
did conjunctive work at Herzl
College, University of Chicago,
and DePaul University. She has
taught arts, crafts, and has been
an instructor in recreation in
the Chicago Park District. She
has been a substitute teacher in
Chicago and Cleveland elementary
and high schools. She was an
instructor in recreation in the
adult and teen-age Alexander
Hamilton community center. She
was the director of the Rawlings
Center in Cleveland and a representative
at the Junior
Olympics. Her last job found her
as playground instructor in
Cleveland. This fall she will
serve as a group worker for the
Neighborhood Settlement Association
in Cleveland.
---------------------------------------------
GARDNER BISHOP SPEAKS

"Let's educate the parents
through the children!" This was 
the theme of Gardner Bishop's
discussion with us Wednesday night
July 11th.
To help give us a general picture
of Washington's educational 
set-up, the Workshop had asked
Mr. Bishop to present his views
and to draw from his wide fund of
experience as a parent, President
of Consolidated Parent Group, Inc
and member of the Executive Committee
of NAACP. Many of us felt
that this was one of the most
realistic and stimulating meetings
we have had to date.
Mr. Bishop outlined briefly
the history of the Consolidated
Parent Group, Inc., explaining
its origin purpose and activities
(CONT. page 3)

INTERRACIAL WORKSHOP BULLETIN  JULY 19, 1951  PAGE 3

NON-VIOLENCE (FROM page 1)
in booths. More people, mostly
young men, entered and sat at the
bar with those already there.
Most of them were extremely rowdy---
cursing, breaking glasses,
throwing firecrackers, etc. We
were the object of insults ranging
from the rude to the obscene.
None of us acknowledged their
slurs by word or action.
Outside, the tension was
mounting. The smell of liquor
prevailed in the air, and the police
were laughing and joking
with the men. Vague plans of arson
were being discussed. Some
evidence of organization was apparent
as certain men moved from
group to group, checking their
watches and conferring together.
Paul and Ellen were told that the
Chickland wouldn't be standing by
the next morning. Several men
recognized them as having come in
an interracial group, and a they
started to leave, Paul was struck
by one of the men. About the
mildest of the epithets was "communists"
and "nigger-lovers".
Paul made no effort to retaliate;
he offered to shake hands with
the man and was knocked down again.
This notion on Paul's part
seemed to produce some favorable
reaction since the men drew back
and one of them helped Paul get
up the second time. They were
then able to leave in Lee's car.
Back at the club, the police
tried to get the troublemaker to
leave, but they refused to leave
unless we left. At 11:35, the
lights went out. We remained in
our seats while bedlam broke out
up towards the front of the Club.
Additional glasses were broken;
the pinball machine was overturned
one booth was ripped out from the
wall. The lights went back on
soon, however, and at this time
the police ordered us to leave.
As we walked out, the crowd
began to surge around. All of
the men [?] [?] at least once.
In every case as the men were
knocked down they would merely
(CONT. on Page 4)

BISHOP SPEAKS (FROM page 2)
People at all familiar
with the Washington educational
scene probably remember the "parents' 
strike" in 1947. At that
time, the colored school built to 
hold 800 was holding 1800 while
by actual count, there were 8000
vacant seats in the white schools.
At the time the Parent Group did
not have integration in mind --
rather they wanted improved facilities.
The Consolidated Parent
Group requested the transfer of
one white school for use by the
colored children. This request
was refused by the Board of Education.
Spearheaded by twelve parents,
the parents throughout the
community emptied the school in
question -- resulting in the 
school transfer by the Board as
originally requested.
However, it gradually became
apparent to the group as a whole
that equal but separate facilities
for colored and white was
impractical and actually impossible;
that community integration
and equality could best be arrived
at through a head-on attack
on the segregated school system.
Therefore, a court case was begun,
designed to end segregation
in the Washington school system.
Mr. Bishop formally attempted to
register some children in a white
school and was formally refused.
The Court case is now in process
(on appeal), being prosecuted  under
the Fifth Amendment.
WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP?
Since the Consolidated
Parent Group, Inc. feels that community
change should be brought about 
by the people most affected,
help has not been sought from the
NAACP or similar groups. The
necessary fees for lawyers, depositions,
research, etc. have
been supported by the members of
CPG themselves and by voluntary
contributions of other interested
individuals. (Incidentally, although
other court cases on this
issue have been started, they
have never been carried to the
(CONT. on Page 4)

INTERRACIAL WORKSHOP BULLETIN     July 19, 1951          PAGE 4
NON-VIOLENCE (From page 3)
get up, fold their arms, and in 
some instances try to talk to the 
person who struck them. The 
girls were pushed, kicked, and 
cursed at, but most of the crowds 
real anger was directed towards 
the men.
When we reached the curb, we 
couldn't figure out how to get to 
the cars. This was no time to 
split up! The police offered no 
cooperation in figuring out a solution 
either. Lee was struck 
and as the crowd seemed to be concentrating 
on him, the police 
hustled him away in a police car. 
At the time, one policeman said 
to him, "Haven't you caused enough 
trouble!"! He was a bit 
more sympathetic, however, when he 
too received a blow! (To our great 
relief, Lee turned up at the 
house later, unharmed.
Finally, the Chief of County 
Police piled the rest of us into 
his car and drove us to the district 
line. Before the car left, 
a rioter reached through the car 
window and punched Wally in the 
face but luckily it was a glancing 
blow.
EVALUATION OF CHICKLAND AFFAIR
Twelve-thirty Saturday morning, 
an exhausted group of CORE 
Workshoppers collected in the 'office' 
for a rehash of events and an 
evaluation of the preceding evening.
Needless to say, it had been 
an unforgettable experience for 
all of us. Most of us had never 
witnessed mob violence, nor had 
we seen non-violent tactics under 
such a severe test.
We all felt that the evening 
had been well spent. By out refusal 
to fight back and at the 
same time our refusal to retreat, 
damage to property was at a minimum. 
In spite of the noise and 
turmoil, the actual financial loss 
was relatively small. The crowd 
didn't come back to our section 
of the Club at all, confining 
(CONT. Next Column)
BISHOP SPEAKS (CONCL. from page3)
Supreme Court for this very reason --
LACK OF MONEY!)
     We of the Workshop feel that
this is a vital case -- for the
sake of the Washington community,
for the children and parents of 
all races and creeds  throughout
the United States. If this case
can be carried to the Supreme
Court and a favorable decision be
handed down, it will strike a decisive
blow at the very foundations
of segregation and discrimination.
If integrations succeeds
in Washington schools, the path
of integration will be immeasurably
smoother in other areas in
the community. Too, it will have
an enormous effect on other communities
throughout the United
States. To educate all of us in
the spirit of respect for our fellow
man on the basis of merit and
Christian love rather than because
of race or creed, we must educate
the children. The schools must 
help in this task.
     WILL YOU HELP? One thousand
dollars is needed by Consolidated
Parent Group, Inc. to continue
the case. It is needed by the
middle of August. If you feel
you would like to help CPG at
this crucial time, send in whatever
you can to The Consolidated
Parent Group, Inc., 1113 Montello
Avenue, N.E., Washington, 2, D.C.
The letter may be addressed to Mr.
Gardner Bishop, President.

EVALUATION (From Column 1)
their violence to the front.
     Too, the mob was so large
and the police so uncooperative
in preventative measures that if resistance,
either by the patrons
or management had been offered, a
great many lives, not only in our
group, might have been endangered.
The crowd seemed taken aback by
our action and some of the more
passive spectators made efforts
to stop the mob actions. Some of
them, too, appealed to the police
to "get 'em out of here". The
(CONCL. on Page 5)

INTERRACIAL WORKSHOP BULLETINN          JULY 19, 1951          PAGE 5

PROGRESS AT THE GEM THEATER
     As a result of our July 6
letter to the Manager of the Gem
Theatre and Mr. Hablo's reply of
July 11, a delegation from the
Workshop went to a meeting with
the management at the Gem Tuesday
July 17. They met for about an
hour with Mr. Herman H. Hable,
President of Hablo Theatres, Inc.
the Manager of the Gem Theatre,
and the Manager of the Palace Theatre
of Winchester, Virginia.
Wally introduced the delegation
and presented our viewpoint as to
the removal of the partition. Mr.
Hablo then explained his position
-- that he was operating on a 
small margin of profit at present
and could not afford to lose the
white trade by removing the partition.
We attempted to explain
that such action wouldn't necessarily
mean a loss of the white
patronage but Mr. Hablo seemed to
think only in terms of Negro or
White, rather then in terms of
theatre integration. We also
pointed out the expenses which he
had already incurred in moving 
the partition back as the white
neighborhood decreased but he
seemed to fool that the expense
had been worth the effort.
     Wednesday, the Workshop Committee
concentrating on this Theatre
project met to evaluate the
previous meeting and to discuss
further plans. Recommendations
will be made by the committee to
the Workshop as a whole, as soon
as the plans are crystallized.

EVALUATION (From Page 4)
police, too, became less partial
as they observed our actions and
when the began to fear the situation
was getting out of hand.
     In other words an antagonistic
and "fighting" attitude on our
part would have engendered more
force, hatred, and distruction on
the part of the crowd. The nonviolent
direct action technique,
while still upholding the democ-

EVALUATION (CONT. From Column 1)
ratic rights of all people to
work, to eat, and to drink where
they please within the laws of the
land, considerably lessened this
same hatred and destruction.

     As to the cause of the trouble,
we felt it was three-fold.
1) The actual agitators who seemed
to be the known "toughs" of the
community; 2) The passive people
of the community who failed to
take preventative action or to protest
sufficiently when the rioting
occurred the previous Friday;
and 3) The police who permitted
disturbances to continue in their
presence until the situation was
uncontrollable. Also they failed
to provide sufficient numbers of
men in time, for the trouble
which they knew was brewing.

RESTAURANT TEST SCORE TO DATE:
Name of                             No. of Tests & Results.
Restaurant
                                            Served          Not Served.
NEDICKS
13th & E                                   1                  1
14th & F                                   0                  2
15th & N.Y.                               0                  3
WHELANS DRUGS
Longfellow Bldg                       1                   1
Columbia Rd & 18                    3                   0

A few other restaurants have been
tested but the limitations of time
will not permit further follow-up.
Negotiations with management of
the above places will be begun --
within the near future.

THE INTERRACIAL WORKSHOP
IS A VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATION
WORKING FOR BETTER RACE RELATIONS
AND IS DEPENDENT UPON
YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS. SEND
WHAT YOU CAN TO THE WORKSHOP
AT: 1834 KALORAMA RO.N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C.



WASHINGTON INTERRACIAL WORKSHOP
1834 Kalorama Road, N.W.
Washington, D.C.

P.L.&R. Sec. 34.66

[Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
1613 S St, N.W.
D.C.
Highland Beach
Md]






NATIONAL WOMEN'S PARTY
ETHEL ERNEST MURRELL
CHAIRMAN

OFFICES:
WASHINGTON, D.C.
144 CONSTITUTION AVE., N.E.
TEL. ATL. 8446
----------------
MIAMI, FLORIDA
1500 BRICKELL AVE.
TEL. 2-6941
----------------
LARAMIE, WYOMING
CONNOR HOTEL BLDG.
TEL. 2125

July 31, 1951.

Mrs. Mary C. Terrell, President, 
National Ass'n. of Colored Women, 
1613 S. Street, N.W., 
Washington, D.C.

Dear Mrs. Terrell:
Assuming the duties as Chairman if the National Women's Party, 
I have been reviewing with much interest and gratification the 
splendid list of organizations, which together with us, endorse 
the Equal Rights Amendment. It is my sincere hope hope that in the 
next two years I may see a close working relationship in order 
to bring about this measure which we know to be so necessary. 
As you know we have a headquarters at Washington, excellent 
lobbying facilities and educational outlets, but we rely upon 
affiliating organizations like your own for strength of numbers. 

Just now the Equal Rights Amendments is at a critical juncture. 
Representative St. George, chief sponsor in the House, and 
Representative William T. Byrne, chairman of the Judiciary 
sub-committee, are very anxious to have it reported favorably 
by the Judiciary Committee, as it has been by the Senate. 
This requires the active support of all of us. We would 
deeply appreciate your getting as many letters as possible to 
members of the Judiciary, here enclosed. It would help, I am 
sure you will agree, to have your State Branches concentrate 
upon those Representatives who come from their sections.

Any suggestions or ideas which you will offer us for a more 
efficient concentration to facilitate passage of the Equal 
Rights Amendment will be deeply appreciated. I promise you 
your ideas will be incorporated into policy.

May I please hear from you at your leisure.

Sincerely, 
Ethel Ernest Murrell
ETHEL ERNEST MURRELL
National Chairman.

EEM:MP
NHA
NINA HORTON AVERY, Chairman
Women's Joint Legislative Committee.

JUDICIARY COMMITTEE  HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES  82d Congress

Democrats
- Emanuel Celler, New York
+ Francis E. Walter, Penn.
+ William T. Byrne, New York
+ Joseph R. Bryson, South Carolina
- Thomas J. Lane, Massachusetts
- Michael A. Faighan, Ohio
+ Frank L. Chelf, Kentucky
+ Ed Gossett, Texas
- Robert D. Ramsay, West Virginia
- Edwin E. Willis, Louisiana
+ James B. Frazier, Tennessee
- Peter W. Rodino, New Jersey
- Woodrow W. Jones, North Carolina
- E. L. Forrester, Georgia
S Byron G. Rogers, Colorado
- Thaddeus M. Machrowicz, Michigan
+ J. Frank Wilson, Texas

Republicans

Chauncay W. Reed, Ill. +
Louis E. Graham, Penn. +
Frank Fellows, Maine - 
Clifford P. Case, N.J. +
Kenneth B. Keating, N.Y. +
William M. McCulloch, Ohio +
J. Caleb Boggs, Del. S
Angier L. Goodwin, Mass. +
Edgar A. Jonas, Ill. S
Ruth Thompson, Mich. S
Patrick J. Hillings, Calif. +
Shepard J. Crumpacker, Jr. Ind. +

Judiciary Sub-Committee No. 2 - Equal Rights Amendment now in this
Committee.

+ William T. Byrne, N.Y. Chairman
+ James B. Frazier, Tenn.
- Peter W. Rodino, N.J.
Thaddeus Machrowicz, Mich.
Kenneth Keating, N.Y. +
Angier Goodwin, Mass. +
Edgar A. Jones, Ill. S

Legend:
S -Sponsor of Equal Rights Amendment
+ For Amendment
- Uncommitted or against amendment.

UNITED COMMUNITY SERVICES
of Washington
MEMBER NATIONAL CAPITAL AREA
COMMUNITY CHEST FOUNDATION
1101 M ST., N.W., WASHINGTON 5, D. C. DECATUR 7330

OFFICERS
LEE D. BUTLER
President
CHARLES C. GLOVER III
1st Vice President
G. HOWLAND SHAW
2nd Vice President
DR. GARNET C. WILKINSON
3rd Vice President
MRS. HENRY GICHNER
Secretary
ALFRED H. LAWSON
Treasurer

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
MRS. WAYNE COY
F. ELWOOD DAVIS
JOHN B. DUNCAN
VICTOR H. EVJEN
W. HERBERT GILL
MRS. EBERHART HAYNES
JANE M. HOEY
COL. CAMPBELL C. JOHNSON
EUGENE E. JUSTER
FRANCIS H. MCGUIGAN
WILLIAM J. MCMANUS
HERMAN L. NEUGASS
DR. JOHN R. PATE
DUANE M. PAUL
MRS. CHARLES RUNYON, III
EDWARD E. SCHWARTZ
MRS. MAXWELL STOKES
MRS. HESTER G. STOLL
JOHN L. C. SULLIVAN
WALTER TOBRINER
GLENN E. WATTS
MRS. THEODORE O. WEDEL
DAN H. WHEELER
ROBERT W. WILSON

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
ARTHUR H. KRUSE

ASST. EXEC. DIRECTOR
FERDINAND V. GRAYSON

July, 1951

To The Board Members:
Enclosed herewith is a statement of Cash Receipts and
Disbursements for the period ended June 30, 1951 of
the agency shown at the top of the attached sheet. The
Bookkeeping for this agency is done by the United Community
Services.
Attached to this statement is an analysis, of the actual
revenue and expenditures for the period as compared with
the detail budget items for the calendar year 1951.
On a pro-rate basis, it can be seen that some budgetary
items are under-spent and others are over-spent.

Very truly yours, 
[signed]
John J. Shinker

PLANNING FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY HEALTH, WELFARE, AND RECREATION

000364

Southwest Community House
Cash Receipts & Disbursements
January 1, 1951 to June 30, 1951

Cash Balance January 1, 1951  $ -0-

Receipts
United Community Services  $11,500.00
Other Income                            4,912.40
Total Receipts                                                        $16,412.49
Total Funds Available                                                                    $16,412.49

Disbursements                                                                                 16,624.28
Cash Balance June 30, 1951                                                             $ -211.89

                              Comparison of Budgeted Items
                                                  Budget           Actual                     Over or Under 
Income 
United Community Services,  $17,500.00,      $11,500.00,                  $ 6,000.00
Net Proceeds from Real Estate      225.00             112.50                         112.50
Endowment & Designated Gifts    318.15                                                 318.15
Membership Dues,                                                   17.50                       - 17.50
Charge for Rooms                                                      3.40                         - 3.40
Nursery Fees                             12,635.50            4720.87                      7914.63
Entertainment                                                           58.22                       - 58.22
                                                $30,678.65        $16,412.49                 $14,266.16





Southwest Community House Continued
                                               Budget                  Actual                    Over or  Under
Disbursements
Operating 
Salaries - Professional            $18,739.75          $9,444.56                          $9,295.19
Salaries - Clerical & Maint.         6,330.71            3,405.63                            2,925.08
Social Security                               345.00                 65.34                              279.66
Telephone & Telegraph                 100.00                 86.25                                13.75
Printing & Stationery                       75.00                 16.50                                58.50
Postage                                            20.00                   9.83                                10.17                 
Other Office Supplies                      70.00                  45.55                                24.45
Carfare                                             25.00                  12.50                                12.50
Express, Freight, Storage, Etc.          30.00                   25.70                                 4.30
Rent                                                472.00                572.00                           - 100.00
Light, Power, Water                          90.00                   52.38                               37.65
Heat                                                278.00                 227.42                               50.58
Taxes                                                 65.20                   33.08                               32.12
Insurance                                        235.00                 169.05                                65.95
Dues                                                100.00                 149.71                             - 49.71
Repairs to Furn. & Equip.                  30.00                    43.67                            - 13.67
Replacements, Furn. & Equip.           40.00                    19.28                              20.72
New Equipment                                 50.00                                                          50.00
Repairs to Building                             23.00                     2.20                              22.80
Special Pub. or Educ. Proj.                  25.00                                                          25.00
Travel and Conventions                      80.00                   77.62                                2.38
Publication Subscriptions                   20.00                   11.20                                8.80
Food                                              2,642.99               1,737.32                            905.67
Clothing                                            255.00                                                        255.00
Household Supplies                          250.00                 133.63                            116.37
Laundry                                                                         138.40                         - 138.40
Educational Supplies                         200.00                 113.44                              86.56
Medical & Dental Supplies                  20.00                                                         20.00
Nursing Supplies                                  15.00                    1.96                              13.04
Professional Fees                                                               5.00                             - 5.00
Entertainments                                      50.00                  17.19                             32.81
                                                      $30,678.65         $16,624.38                    $14,054.27

Total Income                                  $30,678.65         $16,412.49                    $14,266.16
Total Expenses                                 30,678.65           16,624.38                      14,054.27
Excess of Income over Expenses                               $ - 211.89                        $ 211.89
Cash Balance January 1, 1951
Cash Balance June 30, 1951                                       $ - 211.89

Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.