SUBJECT FILE International Council of Women, Sixth Quinquennial Convention, 1925 INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN SIXTH QUINQUENNIAL CONFERENCE WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. MAY 4 - 14, 1925 [*See Pg. 65*] Sixth Quinquennial Convention INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL of WOMEN THE AUDITORIUM Washington, D. C. U. S. A. May 4th to 14th, 1925 [*E. [Hi?????]*] INDEX Page Title ………. 1 Greeting ………. 3 International Council Officers and Conveners ………. 4 Marchioness of Aberdeen ………. 4 Affiliation Councils ………. 6 Program ……….. 7 Steinway and Sons ………. 8 Who's Who Canada .………. 9-10 Sweden ………. 10 Germany ………. 11 Finland ………. 11 Great Britain ………. 12-13-14-15 Denmark ………. 15-16 Netherlands ………. 16-17-18 Australia ………. 18-19 New Zealand ………. 20 Italy ………. 20 France ………. 21 Switzerland ………. 21 Hungary ………. 21 Norway ………. 21-22-23-24 Belgium ………. 24 Bulgaria ………. 25 South Africa ………. 25-26 Portugal ………. 26 Russia ………. 27 Iceland ………. 27 Roumania ………. 27 Cuba ………. 27 Ukrania ………. 27 Poland ………. 27 Czeckoslovakia ………. 28 Ireland ………. 28-29 United States ………. 29-30-31 Latvia ………. 32 Mrs. Philip North Moore ………. 33 Mrs. Harris and Mrs. Swiggett ………. 35 Washington Committee ………. 36 N. Y. Reception Committee ………. 37 N. C. W. Officers ………. 38 N. Y. Women's Ways and Means Committee ………. 39 Am. Ass'n. of University Women ………. 40 Am. Legion Auxiliary ………. 44 American Lover of Music ………. 44 American War Mothers ………. 45 American Nurses Association ………. 46 American Women Hospitals ………. 48-49 Children of America, Loyalty League ………. 50 Gen. Fed. of Women's Clubs ………. 52 Indianapolis, Local Council ………. 54 Medical Women's National Association ………. 55 Ladies of the Maccabees ………. 56 May Wright Sewell Ind. Council ………. 58 National Alliance Daughters of Veterans ………. 60 League of Women Voters……….61 National Ass'n Colored Women ………. 64 National Council of Jewish Women ………. 66 National Federation Business and Professional Women's Clubs ………. 68 National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods ………. 70 National Kindergarten Association ………. 72 National Sons of Veterans' Auxiliary ………. 74 National W. C. T. U. ………. 76 National Women's Relief Corp ………. 78 National Women's Relief Society ………. 80 Needlework Guild of America ………. 82 Ostiopathic Women's National Association ………. 84 Rhode Island Council of Women ………. 86 Service Star Legion ………. 88 So. Women's Educational Alliance ………. 90 Supreme Forest Woodmens' Circle ………. 92 Y. W. C. A ………. 93 Young Ladies' Mutual Improvement Association ......94 2 Greetings to the International Delegates to the Washington Quinquennial We have taken the privilege of introducing the hosts to our guests. We beg you will understand the precedent we are following and the belief that the future will warrant the acquaintance we are desirous of furthering. In no other way can we claim friendship with you, except by telling you frankly our interests and asking you in turn to bring to us the close touch with your life in strange lands. The International Council has made of us a "League of Nations," in the friendships established; conferring around the table concerning many problems; caring for the interests of women and children in all lines that affect them; promoting unity and mutual understanding between all who are working for the common welfare. The National Council of the United States has become a "Clearing House" for the work you will notice in these statements, thereby preventing too great duplication, and at the same time stressing all that ten million organized women unanimously. WHO'S WHO— This delightful gallery of the distinguished women, whom thirty-eight nations have sent to our shores, will remind you of many happy experiences and of many friends. Take this book with you the assurance of our affection, of welcome to our hearts and homes, and the hope that you will enjoy your stay and that it may not be long before you come again. "God be with you till we meet again!" MRS. PHILIP NORTH MOORE, President, N. C. W. of the U. S. 3 ORGANISED 1888. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN. CONSIEL INTERNATIONAL DES FEMMES. INTERNATIONLER FRAUEBUND. MOTTO-THE GOLDEN RULE:- "Do unto others as ye would that other should do unto you." "Faites a autruice que vous voudriez qu'on vonus fit a vous-meme." "Tu andern, wie du willst, dass sie dir tun." PRESIDENT: THE MARCHIONESS OF ABERDEEN AND TEMAIR, Cromar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Cable and Telegraphic Address: "Lady Aberdeen, Aboyne, Scotland." EX-PRESIDENT: Commissioned by the I. C. W. to act as its Speuial Representative at Geneva, Chemin Dumas 16, Geneve, Switzerland. VICE-PRESIDENTS: 1st. Mrs. Ogilvie Gordon, D.Sc., Ph.D., F,L,S,, J, P,, White Lodge, 34 Abbey Road, London, N. W. S. 2nd. Madame Avril de Sainte-Croix, 1 Avenue Malakoff, Paris 3rd. Froken Henni Forchhammer, Ingemansvej 3 B, Copenhagen. 4th. Dr. phil. Salomon, Luitpoldstr 27, Berlin, W. 30. 5th. Mrs. Henry Dobson, Elboden Place, Hobart, Tasmanta. 6th. Mrs. Philip North Moore, 3125 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A. RECORDING SECRETARIES: Miss Elsie M. Zimmern, Conference and Exhibition Office, 26 Victoria St., London, S.W.I. Miss L. va Eeghen, Huize Aardenburg, Doorn, The Netherlands. VICE-RECORDING SECRETARIES: Miss Violet Craig Roberton, 2 Lynedoch Place, Glasgow. Frl. E. Zellweger, Augensteinerstr 16, Basel Switzerland. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY: FRU ANNA BACKER, Villa Sana, Prediksstad, Norway. VICE-CORRESPONDING SECRETARY: Madame Isidora Sekulitch, Studenitch 50, Belgrade Jugo-Slavia. TREASURER: MRS. W. E. SANFORD, Wesanford, Hamilton, Canada, or c/o Bank of Montreal, 9 Waterloo Place, London, S. W. VICE-TREASURER: Mademoiselle Helene D. Antonopuolo, 35, Rue de la Jonction, Bruxelles. HONORARY OFFICERS. HON. VICE-PRESIDENTS: Selma Hanum Riza, Ghieuz Tepe, Constantinople. Madame Lo-Chong, c/o Chinese Consulate General, 5, Lopia Road, Singapore, Straits Settlement. Pres. of Organization Committee for Poland- Senator Mlle. Szebecko. CONVENERS OF INTERNATIONAL STANDING COMMITTEES. Finance. Convener-Mrs. Willoughby Cummings, 86 Roselawn Avenue, Toronto, Canada. 10 Francis Road, dgbaston, Birmingham. Vice Convener-Miss Edyth M. Lloyd, Press. Convener-Froken Fredrikke Morck, 20 Gronnegate IV. Kristiania, Norway. Vice-Convener- Peace and Arbitration. Convener-Mrs. George Cadbury, O.B.E., Northfield Manor, nr. Birmingham, England, Vice-Convener-Fru Clara Tybjerg, Rosenvaengets Sidealle 9, Copenhange, Denmark. Committee on Laws and Legal Position of Women. Convener-Mrs. Edwin Gray, Gray's Court, York, England. Vice-Convener-Madame Marie Verone, 14 Rue Milton, Paris VI, France. Suffrage and Rights of Citizenship. Convener-Fru Betzy Kjelsberg, Kronprinsensgate 6, Kristiania, Norway. Vice-Convener-Miss Lucy E. Anthony, Box 84, Moylan, Pa., U.S.A. Equal Moral Standard & Traffic in Women. Convener-Madame Avril de Sainte-Croix, Vice-Convener-Mev. van Schaik-Dobbelman, Westersingel 54, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Public Health. Convener-The Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temain, Aberdeen, Scotland. Vice-Convener-Dr. Thuillier-Landry, 68 Rue d'Assas, Paris, France. Education. Convener-Professor Marian P. Whitney, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, U. S. A. Cive-Convener-Mrs. Ogilvie Gordon D.Sc., Ph.D., F.L.S., J.P., White Lodge, 34 Abbey Road, London, N. W. 8. Emigration and Immigration. Convener-Mrs. Kate Waller Barrett, M.D., D.Sc., Vice-Convener-Mrs.Allan H. Bright, 408 Duke Street, Alexandria, Va., U.S.A. Barton Court, Colwall, nr. Malvern. Trades and Professiions. Convener-Mejuffrouw Anna Polak, va Speijkstraat 30, The Hague, Netherlands. Vice-Convener-Frau Dr. phil. Elisabeth Altmann- Rennershofstr. 7, Mannheim, Deutschland. Gottheimen, 4 ISHBEL MARIA MAJORIBANKS, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair. President, The International Council of Women. 5 Affiliated Councils of Women Comprising The International Council of Women UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Pr s--Mrs. Philip North Moore, 3125 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, Mo., U. S. A. Sec.--Mrs. Flo Jamison Miller, Monticello, Ill., U. S. A. CANADA. Pres.-Miss Carmichael, New Glasgow, N. S., Canada. Sec.-Mrs. Keewatin Avenue, Toronto. SWEDEN. Pres--Fru Bertha Nordenson, Grefgatan 3, Stockholm. Sec.-Dr. Ingegerd Palme, 5 Baldersgatan, Stockholm. DEUTSCHLAND. Acting President for Int. Affairs.-- Dr. Gertrud Baumer, Berlin Hansa Ufer 7. Int. Secretary--Frau Dorothee von Velsen, Berlin W. 30, Nollendorfstr, 29, GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Pres.--The Lady Frances Balfour, LLD, 32 Addison Road, London, W. 14. Sec.--Miss Norah E. Green, Parliament Mansions, Victoria St., London, S.W.I. DENMARK. Pres--Froken Henni Forchhammer, Ingemansvej 3 B, Copenhagen. Sec.--Fru Clara Tybjerg, Rosenvaengets Sidealle 9, Copenhagen. THE NETHERLANDS. Pres.--Mevr. M. C. Doorman-Kielstra, Nieuve Haven 49, Rotterdam. Sec.--Miss J. L. Van Lennep, Wilemsparkueg 118, Amesterdam. COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA. NEWSOUTHWALES. Pres.--Mrs. M. W. MacCallum, Bryn-y-Mor, Wyuna Road, Woolahra Point, Sydney. Sec.--Miss Gladys H. Marks, Cambrian Villa, Pott's Point, Sydney. TASMANIA. Pres.--Mrs. Henry Dobson, Elboden House Hobart, Tasmania. Sec--Mrs. Banks Smith, Elboden House, Hobart Tasmania. VICTORIA. Pres.--Mrs. G. G. Henderson, 89 Harcourt Street, Hawthorn, St. Kilda. Sec.--Miss Alice Michaelis,Linden, Acland Street, St. Kilda. QUEENSLAND. Pres.--Mrs. H. A. Longman, Oliver Street, Wooloowin, Brisbane. Sec.--Mrs. W. H. Carvosso, "Sydenham," Wickham Terrace, Brisbane. WEST AUSTRALIA. Pres.--Mrs. C. H. E. Manning, Edgehill, Guildford, Perth. Sec.--Dr. Roberta Jull, 63 Valvern Street, Perth. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Pres.--Mrs. T. R. Bowman, "Red Court," 274 East Terrace, Adelaide. Sec.--Mrs. H. Darnley Naylor, "Atherton," 43 Burnside Road, Kensington Park Adelaide. NEW ZEALAND. Pres.--Miss E. Melville, LL.B., Women's Club, Union Building, Auckland. Sec--Dr. Hilda Northcroft, "Rangetea," Epsom, Auckland. ITALY. Pres.--Contessa Spalletti Rasponi, Via Piacenza 4, Rome. Sec.-- Acting Sec.--Sign. E. Santillana-Maggiorani, Via Firenze 48, Rome. FRANCE. Pres.--Madame Avril de Sainte-Croix, 1 Avenue Malakoff, Paris. Sec.-General--Madame Pichon-Landry, 68 Rue d'Assas, Paris. ARGENTINA. Pres.--Senora Julia Morena de Moreno, Calle Lima 1425, Buenos Aires. Sec.--Senora Jean T. de Raynes, Calle Avellaneda, 1861 Flores, Buenos Aires. SUISSE. Pres.--Frl E. Zellweger, Angensteinerstr 16, Basel. Sec.--Frau Dr. Burckhardt-Vischer, Steinenring 44, Basel. OESTERREICH. Pres.--Frau Hertha von Sprung, Wenzgasse 23, Wien XIII. Sec.--Frau Antonie Steinach, Valeriestr 53, Wien II. (All correspondence to be addressed to:--Geschaftstelle des Bundes Oesterr, Frauenvereine: Eschenbachgasse II, Wein I,) UNGARN. Pres.--Grafin Albert Apponyi, I Verboczi u. 17, Budapest. Vice-Pres--Frau Augusta Rosenberg, Keleti k.u., 26, Budapest, Sec.--Frl. Charlotte von Geocze, Keleti k.u., 26, Budapest. NORWAY. Pres.--Fru Betzy Kjelsberg, Kromprinsensgate 6, Kristiania. Se. Sec.--Froken Emma Tharldsen, Sandviken, p. Kristiana. (All correspondence to be addressed to:--N.K.N. 7, Incognito Terrasse, Kristiania.) BELGIQUE. Pres.--Mdlle. Marguerite van de Wiele, 108 Boulevard Adolphe-Max, Bruxelles. Sec.--Madame Elise Soyer, 51 Rue du Prince Albert, Bruxelles. GRECE. Pres.--Madame Catherine Paspati, 27 Rue Lycabete, Athens. Act. Sec.--Mme. Irene Photlandes, BULGARIA. Pres.--Madame Julie Malinoff, Uliza Graf-Ignatieff II., Sofia. Sec.--Frai Rada Petrova, Tzar Assen 15, Sofia. JUGO-SLAVIA. Pres.--Madame Danica Hristitch, Villa Hristitch, Topeidersko Brdo, Belgrade Sec.--Mme. Zorka Jankovitch, Knez Michailov, Venae 34, Belgrade. FINLAND. Pres.--Fru Tilma Hainari, Helsingfors, Finland. Sec.--Fru Hilma Pylkkanen, Helsingfors, Finland. SOUTH AFRICA. Pres.--Mrs. Colepeper, Blackridge, Natal. Sec.--Miss Balston, Blackridge, Natal. PORTUGAL. Pres.--Madame Adelaide Cabette, Rue Francisco Foreiro, No. 3 (1ere etage), Lisbon Sec.--Mlle. Antonio La Claud, Calada Poco dos Mouros M.B.S. 20, Lisbon. URUGUAY. Pres.--Dra. Isabel Pinto de Vidal, c/o Conseil National des Femmes d'Uruguay, Rue Constituyante 1468, Montevideo. Sec.--Docteur Paulina Luisi, 30 Faubourg Poissonniere chez M. Fauld, Paris. RUSSIA. Pres.--Dr. Anna Chabanoff, Joukovoskaia 38, Petrograde. ICELAND. Pres.--Fru Steinunn H. Bjarnason, Adalstrat 7, Reykjavik, Iceland. Sec.--Ungfru Inga L. Larusdottir, Brottngatn 6, Reykjavik, Iceland. UKRANIA. Pres.--Mme. Sophie Roussova, Przmyslova 65, Podsbrady, Czecho-Slovakia. Sec.--Frau Hanna Tschikalenko-Keller, Berlin, Grunewalk, Fontanestr 8/10. MEXICO. Pres.--Senora Teresa Farias de Isassi, 4, a, Fronteira, 98 City of Mexico. Sec.--Senora Esperanza Velasquez Bringas, San Ildefonso 5 City of Mexico. ESTLAND (ESTHONIA). Pres.--Frau Marier Rensk Johannisstr 9, Reval, Esthonia. Sec.--Frau Helmi Jansen, Hollandstr 3, Reval Esthonia. ROUMANIE. Pres.--Mme. Calypso Botez, Str. Rumeoarei 3, Bucarest, Sec. Gen.--Mme. J. Callemaki, Soseaua Kiseleff 17, Bucarest. Sec.--Mlle. Catherine Cerkez, Calea Mosiler 158, Bucarest. CHILE. Pres.--Senora Amanda Labarca Hubertson, Nataniel Cox 181, Santiago, Chile. Sec.--Senora Fresia Escobar, Nataniel Cox 181, Saniago, Chile. CUBA. Pres.--Pilar Morloy de Menendez, Edificis Robins, Department 512, Havana, Cuba Edificis Robins, Department 512, Havana, Cuba. Sec.--Manuela Beriz de Valdes, LATVIA. Pres.--Dr. Selma Zehseneck, Marienstr 26, W. 16, Riga Sec.--Frau Berta Aschman, Riga Nikolaja cela 4 ds. 10, Riga, Latvia. 6 PROGRAM MONDAY, MAY FOURTH Board of Offiers--9 to 10 A. M. Board of Officers and Conveners--10 to 11 A.M. Executive--11 A. M. to 12L30 P. M. Standing Committees--2 to 4:30 P. M. CEREMONIAL WELCOME MEETING, when the President of the U. S. A. Council and other officials will return thanks, supported by Madame Avril, Dr. Baumer, and perhaps a South American representative. Thereafter the I. C. W. President will give her Presidential address. TUESDAY, MAY FIFTH Meeting of Standing Committees--9 A. M. to 12:30 P. M. and 2 P. M. to 4:30 P. M. U. S. A. MUSICAL EVENING--Mrs. David Allen Campbell, Chairman. WEDNESDAY, MAY SIXTH Meeting of Executive--9 A.M. to 12:30 P. M. Open Meeting of Council--2 to 4:30 P. M. First Evening, I. C. W. Public Meeting. Chairman-The Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair- "Present-Day Standards in Life and Industry." The President of the I. C. W. will present the Presidents of the National Councils or their representatives, who will make brief speeches to their own countries and the work of their Councils. AT 4:30 P. M. PRESIDENT AND MRS. COOLIDGE WILL RECEIVE THE DELEGATES AT THE WHITE HOUSE. THURSDAY, MAY SEVENTH Meeting of council--9 A. M. to 12:30 P. M. and 2 to 4:30 P. M. PAN-AMERICAN EVENING--Chairman, Mrs. Percy V. Pennypacker. FRIDAY, MAY EIGHTH Meeting of Council--9 A. M. to 12:30 P. M. and 2 to 4:30 P. M. Evening free for parties given by Ambassadors, Ministers, or private friends. Private Dinners. SATURDAY, MAY NINTH Meeting of Council--9 A. M. to 12:30 P. M. Afternoon--Meeting of I. C. W. Officers with Spanish- speaking Delegates. Evening Pageant of Peace and War as designed by Mrs. Bacon, in charge of Mrs. M. M. Forrest. SUNDAY, MAY TENTH "Mothers' Sunday" Special Services in all the Churches in morning. Vesper Service, with Special Preacher. Council Meetings--9 A. M. to 12:30 P. M. and 2 to 4:30 P. M. Second I. C. W. Evening Public Meeting. Chairman--Mrs. Ogilvie Gordon, "Recent Development in Citizenship." 1. Community Work and Recreation. 2. Training and Opportunity for the Social Worker. 3. Progress in Laws dealing with the Home and the Family. TUESDAY, MAY TWELFTH Council Meeting--9 A. M. to 12:30 P. M. and 2 to 4:30 P. M. Third I. C. W. Evening Public Meeting--Chairman, Mrs. Philip North Moore--"Social Ideals in International Life." 1. International Arbitration and Security against War. 2. Women's Influence towards World Peace. 3. The I. C. W. Motto an Abiding and Transforming Principle. WEDNESDAY, MAY THIRTEENTH Standing Committees--9 A. M. to 12:30 P. M. and 2 to 4:30 P. M. Farewell Banquet. THURSDAY, MAY FOURTEENTH New Executive--9 A. M. to 12:30 P. M. New Board of Officers--2 to 4:30 P. M. Introduction of New Officers. Evening--President's closing address. 7 RACHMANINOFF PLAYS "THE TROIKA" STEINWAY THE INSTRUMENT OF THE IMMORTALS It is true that Rachmaninoff, Paderewski, Hofmann-to name but a few of a long list of eminent pianists-have chosen the Steinway as the one perfect instrument. It is true that in the homes of literally thousands of singers, directors and musical celebrities, the Steinway is an integral part of the household. And it is equally true that the Steinway, superlatively fine as it is, comes well within the range of the moderate income and meets all the requirements of the modest home. This instrument of the masters has been brought to perfection by four generations of the Steinway family. But they have done more than this. They have consistently sold it at the lowest possible price. And they have given it to the public upon terms so convenient that the Steinway is well within your reach. Numerous styles and sizes are made to suit your home. Each embodies all the Steinway principles and ideals. And each waits only our touch upon the ivory keys to loose its matchless singing tone, to answer in glorious voice your quickening commands, to echo in lingering beauty or rushing splendor the genius of the great composers. 8 CANADA MISS CAROLINE E. CARMICHAEL, President of the National Council of Women of Canada, belongs to the Province of Nova Scotia. On behalf of her Province, of which she was Provincial Vice-President, she was decorated by King George VII, with the Ancient order of St. John of Jerusalem as an Honorary Associate. She also holds a medal from the King of the Belgians, in appreciation of the work done by women of her Province during the Great War. MRS. C. H. THORBURN, of Ottawa, is first Vice-president of the National Council this year. She was sent by the Canadian Government as Honorary Commissioner to the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley, and attended officially the Labor Conference at Geneva in the section "Spare time for the workers." DR. AUGUSTA STOWE GULLEN, Toronto, first Canadian woman to take a medical degree from a Canadian University. Prominent in medical circles, and has always been a leader in Equal Suffrage work. A member of the Canadian Council of Women since its inception, and a consistent champion in all issues pertaining to enlarged opportunities for women; also largely responsible for legislation concerning women and children. MRS. O. C. EDWARDS, Macleod, Alberta, is National Convener of Laws in the National Council of Canada, and is a great force in the work of the Organization. JUDGE HELEN GREGORY MACGILL, M. A. & MUS. B., Toronto University. Judge of Juvenile Court, Vancouver, B. C. Member Minimum Wage Board of B.C. Jurist and Author; prominent in Women's Organizations, and active in women's work. PROF. CARRIE DERICK, Professor in McGill University, Montreal, is another of Canada's outstanding women. A forceful thinker and an eloquent speaker. MRS. WILLIAM DENNIS, M. A., Halifax, Canada. Presiden, Halifax Branch, Victorian Order of Nurses, since 1902; president, Halifax Council of Women, 1905 to 1920; president, Nova Scotia Provincial Red Cross, 1914 to 1920; member, Central Council of National Red Cross; president, Woman's Auxiliary Y. M. C. A., 1910 to 1921; very active in relief work during and after the war and twice decorated for her services. 9 CANADA--(Continued) MRS. ATHERTON SMITH, St. John, New Brunswick, is Vice-president of her Province, and very prominent in public and philanthropic work. She has travelled extensively and lectured on her experiences abroad. MRS. HORACE PARSONS, Corresponding Secretary of the National Council for past six years. Present Commissioner on the Minimum Wage Board, Province of Ontario. Author of Manual on Parlimentary Usage and Business Procedure. Lecturer and actively connected with the Guide-Girl work. MRS. WILLOUGHY CUMMINGS, D. L. C., is the International Convener of Finance and one of the Charter members of the National Council, and perhaps one who has done more actual work in the Council than any one member. For seventeen years she held the office of secretary and since that time has been a Vice-president; formerly on editorial staff, Toronto Globe, American editor for many years of official organ Women's Missionary Society Church of England in Canada. President, Women's Patriotic League, for four years of the great war. SWEDEN FRU. BERTHA NORDENSON, President of the National Council of Women of Sweden. Formerly Vice-President. Member of the Board of the Frederika Bremer Assoiation, Chairman of the Association for Sick Nursing in Needy Homes since 1908. Member of the Board of the Swedish Red Cross. MISS INGEGERD PALMS, M. A. Corresponding Sec. N. C. W. of Sweden. Treasurer of University Women's Association of Sweden, Member of Committee of Swedish Tax Payers Union. Studied History and political Economy at Cambridge University, England, Member The Royal Board of Trade, Sweden, 1907-1920, and since 1920, Company Director in Stockholm. MARGIT MALMSTEN, Born in Stockholm, graduate of School in Economics, 1914, and the Institute of Social Studies in 1917. Inspector on Board of Health, Stockholm, 1917-1920. Factory Inspection, Social Board since 1920, Member I. C. W. standing Committee on Trades and Professions. FROKEN ANNA KLAMAN, Secretary of Organized Students and Workers, 1903- 1906. Chairman, Stockholm Suffrage Association, Chairman of the Swedish section of the International League for Peace, 1915-1918. Delegate International Suffrage Alliance, Amsterdam, 1908, London, 1909, and Stockholm, 1911. Delegate Women's Peace Congress at the Hague, 1915, and Zurich, 1919. 10 GERMANY DR GERTRUD BAUMER, head of the German National Council of Women, and active in the work of the International Council. Writer and Preacher in Berlin. Since 1917, leader of the Hamburg Social-Pedagogical Institute. Since 1919, representative first in the National Assembly, then in the Reichstag. Summoned in 1921 to Berlin as ministerial advisor to the Department of the Interior on questions of youth and education. Responsible for the law dealing with child welfare which governs the care of children throughout Germany. DR. ELISABETH ALTMANN-GOTTHEIMER, Vice-convener of the Standing Committee for Trades and Professions, German National Council of Women One of the first German women to receive the degree of Doctor of Political Science. Works for women's rights at home and abroad. Lecturer at the Mannheim Women's School of Social Work and the Mannheim Academy for Commercial Science where her husband, Dr. Altmann, is professor of political economy. DR. ALICE SALOMON, ranks high as a scholar and leader in the scientific development of social work in Germany. COUNTESS MARGARETE KEYSERLINGK. Active in women's work and in vocational training of young people. Active in organizations for betterment of agricultural employment and conditions. As member of the National Council of German Women, is a valued member in the agricultural section because of her wide experience. FRAU EMMA ENDER, founder and head of the Women's Union of Hamburg. One of the first women members of the Hamburg Parliament. President of the National Council of German Women. Has a marked talent for organization and is keenly interested in social work. FINLAND MRS.TILMA HAINARI, President of the National Council of women of Finland, since 1914. Member of the I. C. W. Suffrage Committee, has attended the Quinquennial meeting at Christiania, 1920, and the Executive meetings at the Hague, 1922. She is the Vice- president of some women's organizations, member of the Board of the Coalition (political) Party, especially interested in educational, moral and temperance questions and a great admirer of the work of the American women. HILMA PYLKKANEN, the Corresponding Secretary of the N. C. of Women in Finland, has travelled a good deal in Europe and lived in Paris for nearly 20 years. There she published her first novel, in the well known Revue edited by Jean Finot. The same novel came out as a volume, 1912 by Bernard Grasset, who published 1913, Le Senateur Sonerva, translated in several languages. Both novels are patriotic appeals against the terrible Russian oppression, in Finland. Belonging to La Societe des Gens de Lettres, since 1913 and to l'Association Syndicale de la Presse Etrangere from 1918-1921, as correspondent for Abo Underrattelser the oldest Newspaper in Finland. She lectured in France, Brussels, and Finland. Her feelings of a general Brotherhood in the World, will certainly find satisfaction through her work as Corr. Secr in Finland, where she is settled since the Freedom of her Country. 11 GREAT BRITAIN MRS. GEORGE MORGAN, President of the National Council of Women of Great Britain. Chairman of the National Organization of Girls' Clubs: has for many years spoken and worked in regard to the Clubs of England Is past President of the Women's Free Church Council, a member of the National Free Church Council of Great Britain, and a member of the Federal Council of Free Churches which took part in the Lambeth discussions for Union of the Churches. Worked for many years in the Browning Settlement: was President of a Cripples' Guild, which was one of the fore-runners of the Special Schools. Has lectured on Temperance, Social Welfare and Social Purity, and on many other kindred subjects. Is Chairman of a National Maternity Home. MRS. GEORGE CADBURY, Vice-president, former president of B. N. C. W., is Convener of the Peace and Arbitration Sub-Committee of the I. C. W. She has been for many years member of the Birmingham Education Authority, and Chairman of its School Medical Service Com. Is Chairman of the Hospital for Crippled Children, founded by Mr. Cadbury, and actively interested in a number of Women and Childrens groups. She was decorated with the Order of the British Empire, and also by the Belgian and Serbian Governments. MISS CECILE MATHESON, Member of Executive and Convener of Industrial Committee of N. C. W. of Great Britain: worked at one time in the Board of Education, and was engaged in special research work and the preparation of reports in an enquiry and book on "Women's Work and Wages." Ten years a Warden of the Birmingham Women's Settlement--this involved co-operation in the work of the National Council of Women, the Charity Organization Society, the Y. W. C. A. and a number of other bodies. At present is on the extra-mural staffs of the Universities of Cambridge, Oxford and London as Lecturer in Applied Economics. Is a Government member of several Trade Boards, and a member of the Industrial Court: a member of the Council and Executive of the Industrial Welfare Society. LADY TRUSTRAM EVE, L. C. C., Hon. Treasurer of the British N.C. W., was elected Member of the London County Council for North Hackney in 1919 and again in 1922: was Chairman of the London County Council Small Holdings Committee, and Chairman of the Parks Committee. She has been a Member of the Education Committees of the L. C. C., since 1919 and is now, in 1924, Vice-Chairman of Higher Education Committee. Is President and Chairman of North Hackney Women's Unionist Association, and also Chairman of South Kensington Women's Unionist Association; Chairman of Conservative Women's Reform Association; Chairman of Employment Committee of Great Marlborough Street Exchange. During the Great War Lady Eve organized Toy making in the Villages of Bedfordshire, and later because Chairman of London, Middlesex for the Land Army, and Chairman of the Women's Agricultural Federation of England and Wales, 1918-1919, and Commissioner of Guides for Bedfordshire, 1915-1918. LADY NOTT BOWER, Member of Executive, N. C. W. of Great Britain. Journalist and Speaker and Social Worker. Poor Law Guardian (Richmond) since 1908. Cooperated member of Survey County Council Committee for Feeble-minded since 1914. Accredited speaker for the Government during the Great War. Author of pamphlets on Criminal Law Amendment, Women Police, Sex Teaching, Local Government, etc. President, Barnes Women's Citizens' Association. President, Barnes & Mortlake Day Nursery. Hon. Secretary and Judge, National Baby Week Council. MISS EDITH TANCRED, third daughter of the late Sir Thomas Tancred, Bart: Educated Cheltenham Ladies' College; Hyde Park College, London; Royal College of Music, London; Studied singing under Gustave Garcia. Engaged for many years in social work in South London. On staff of Cheltenham Ladies' College as House- Mistress. Since 1918 has taken part in national effort to obtain Women Police in Great Britain. Director, Scottish Training School for Policewomen, 1918-1920. Special speaker at the International Council of Women in Christiania, 1920. Gave evidence before the Home Committees on the Employment of Women Police in 1920 and 1924. LADY SALVESEN, Isabelle G. M. Salvesen, daughter of Lord Trayner. Married to Lord Salvesen, now retired Judge of the Supreme Court of Scotland; member of the Judicial Committee of H. M. Privy Council. Had three sons and four daughters. Two sons fell in active service during the Great War. Lady Salvesen was President of the Edinburgh Branch of the British N. C. W., for eleven years, from 1912-1923; Vice-President and Member of Executive of the Royal Edinburgh Self Aid for Gentlewomen Society; Member of Visiting Committee of the Edinburgh Prisons; President of the Ladies' Committee of the Scottish Veterans' Garden City Association; Member of Executive Committee of the Edinburgh Play Centres' Society. 12 GREAT BRITAIN--(Continued) MISS ROSAMOND SMITH, Ho. Treasurer, London Branch of N. C. W. of Great Britain; is a member of the London county Council and on the Education, Housing, Theatres and Music Halls, Town Planning and Midwives Acts Committees. Formerly Hon. Parliamentary Secretary and Acting Vice-President of the National Council of Women, also an active worker in the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies; was Hon. Secretary to the National Council for the Unmarried Mother and Her Child. During the war worked in connection with substitution of women for men serving in the Army; also as Secretary of a War Pensions Committee and in the Women's Land Army. LADY ADAM SMITH, J. P., educated, Cheltenham Ladies' College; Bedford College for Women, London. She has travelled with her husband in Palestine, and in India, and has been several time in the United States. Their family consisted of three sons and four daughters. Their two eldest sons were killed in action during the War. Se is a member of the Scottish Council for Women's Trades; of the Women's Department of the Labour Exchange; of the Women Citizens' Association, and is especially interested in Mother and Child Welfare Work. During the War, she was appointed a member of the Distress Committee in Aberdeen, and also of the Munitions Welfare Board for Scotland. She was later a member of the Advisory Board in Scotland on Women's Training and Employment which was the outcome of the Queen's Work for Women Fund. She was made a Justice of the Peace among the first list of Women J. Ps. in 1920. MRS. ETHEL B. BOWLEY, second daughter of Richard Edwards, Esq., of Fedw Hir, Aberdare, South Wales, was married in Hong Kong in 1912 to Mr. F. B. Lyon Bowley, Crown Solicitor of Hong Kong. Mrs. Bowley is a member of the Executive Committee of the Bromley Branch of the N. C. W. of Great Britain; member of the I. C. W.; Vice-President of the Village Institute, Bromley Common, Kent; member of Committee of the Rochester Diocesan Society for Befriending Women and Girls, and a member of the West Kent Archery Club. MISS MABEL M. SHARPLES, born at Oldham, Lancashire. Educated at Moira House School, Eastbourne. Worked for a short time at the Women's Settlement, Canning Town, London, under Miss R. H. Cheetham. Took part in the Suffrage Campaign, and attended the International Congress held in Buda Pesth under the Presidency of Mrs. Chapman Catt, in 1913. Member of Executive of the N. C. W. of Great Britain, since 1919, and Hon. Secretary of its Peace and League of Nations' Committee since 1920. Acted as Organizing Secretary to the "Conference on Some Living Religions within the Empire," held in London, 1924. MRS. HENSMAN. Daughter of Sir Patrick Blake, Bart, of Bardwell Manor, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk and wife of the Rev. H. J. Hensman, Vicar of S. Catherine's, Gloucester. Has taken a prominent part in the work of the Girls' Friendly Society, was President of the Chelmsford Diocesan Council of the G. F. S., 1918-1919, and since 1919 had been editor of the G. F. S. "Workers' Journal," and member of Executive. Is a member of man public Committees, and has had much experience as a speaker for women's and girls' organizations. Represents the Gloucester Branch of the N. C. W., on its Public Health Sectional Committee. MRS. HAY, of 2, Queen's Gardens, Aberdeen, and The Neuk, Muchals, a Patroness of the International Council of Women. Has for many years been a leader in various benevolent causes: a ready and attractive speaker, she has frequently appeared on political platforms, and has given effectual support to many beneficent institutions. She is an active and influential member of many important philanthropic Boards, a staunch upholder of the Unionist Party, and a warm advocate of the League of Nations. MRS. T. DAVIDSON. Patron, International Council of Women, and Member of Aberdeen Branch of National Council of Women of Great Britain. 13 GREAT BRITAIN--(Continued) MISS HELEN WARD, LL. A. Member of Executive and of Legislation and Industrial Committees N. C. W. of Great Britain. Chairman: Beaconsfield Women's International League. Member of Executive of National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship, Women's International League, London Society for Women's Service, and Executive of Miss Maude Royden's Guildhouse Fellowship and Hon. Secretary, Guildhouse Women Citizens' Society. Member of Council of League of Nations Union. Member of Treasury Committee on the Civil Rights of Crown Employees, etc. MRS. FORBES OF ROTHIEMAY, has been a member of the National Council of Women of Great Britain, since its commencement; has served on its Executive Committee for some years; is President of the Banffshire Branch and a Vice-President of the Aberdeen Branch. Is County President of the Scottish Mothers' Union and President of the Banffshire County Federation of Women's Institutes. Is an original Member of the County Health Insurance Committee, a Vice-President of the County Red Cross Society and a member of the Committee of the Soldiers and Sailors Help Society. DR. OGILVIE GORDON, J. P., D. Sc., Ph. D., F. L. S., F. G. S. Vice-President, National Council of Women, Author, Linguist and Lecturer. Very prominent in National and International work, Member of many Organizations, and actively interested in Childrens Welfare. MISS ELSIE ZIMMERN. Recording Secretary of the International Council of Women. During last year she acted as Organizing Secretary for the large International Conference called by the I. C. W. on the Prevention of the Causes of War, which was held at the British Empire Exhibition last May. Miss Zimmern has been a member of the Executive Committee of the British National Council for a considerable time, she is also Hon. Secretary of the Education and Maternity and Child Welfare Committees of the Council. In the latter capacity she was Organizing Secretary for the Travelling Child Welfare Exhibitions financed by a grant from the Carnegie Trust and also for two large Child Welfare Exhibitions held in London in connection with Baby Week celebrations. She also organized and is now Hon. Secretary of the Council's Book and Pamphlet Department. MISS EDYTH M. LLOYD. Vice Convener, Finance Committee, International Council of Women. Hon. Treasurer, Special Fund, International Council of Women. Patron, I. C. W. Hon. member of Federation of University Women. Chairman of International Section, Birmingham Branch, National Council of Women of Great Britain. MISS M. J. LLOYD. Patron, International Council of Women. Did Maternity and Infant Clinic work in Birmingham for six years. War work, 1916-1919 at Chatel Guyau, France. Is serving on Committees of The Stead Hostel, The College of Nursing, Ltd., Bath Women Citizens' Association. MISS YOLANDE E. SANDILANDS, was before the war occupied in the study of music and painting in France and Italy. During the war she acted as a policewoman and organizer of the Women Patrols in Hull, for three years and eight months. In 1920 she acted as Secretary to the Hull Branch of the National Council of Woman, and has since served on the Executive Committee of the local Branch. Miss Sandilands has been a member of the Executive Committee of the Hull Branch of the League of Nations Union, since its inception. She is very interested in temperance reform and while in Hull belonged to a local branch of the British Women's Temperance Association and the United Kingdom Alliance. 14 GREAT BRITAIN--Continued DR. S. AILEEN F. BOYD-MACKAY is the youngest child of the late Hugh W. Boyd- Mackay, of the Middle Temple and King's Inn; great niece of the late Dr. Richard Tracy, of Malbourne, Victoria. Educated at the York Church High School and the London School of Medicine for Women, University of London. Always interested in social and medical work; connected with the York Branch of the National Council of Women. Took a course in Social Economic under the Charity Organization Society, and then qualified in medicine. After qualification has held resident house appointments at several hospitals in London. Is not actively engaged in Public Health work and in private practice: Maternity and Child Welfare work and School Medical Inspection- Secondary and Elementary. LADY DARWIN is the widow off the late Sir George Darwin, K. C. B., Plumian, professor of Astronomy in the University of Cambridge. She is of Hugenot descent, her ancestor having gone to New York after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and became one of the founders of Trinity Church, where he lies buried. She has four children: her eldest son is Professor of Physics in the University of Edinburgh: her daughter, Mrs. Gwendolen Raverat, is an artist and is noted for her woodcuts. Lady Darwin is Acting Vice-Chairman of the Cambridge Branch of the National Council of Women. Her article in the XIX Century Review aroused interest for the first time in the question of Women Police in England. Lady Darwin is on the Cambridge Borough Committee for further education and Juvenile Employment; also one of the Governors of the Cambridge and County School of Arts, Crafts and Technology. She is also the President of the Addenbrooks Hospital Auxiliary Association. MISS KNIGHT-BRUCE. Daughter of Bishop Knight-Bruce. Started social work in the London Docks during Strike, by running Rest-room and lecturing to strikers. Organized and ran Clubs for the men, boys and girls. During the War did canteen work and lecturing in England, until 1918, when she went to France to do simliar work with the U. S. A. troops at Neuchateau. Member of Executive, N. C. W. of Great Britain, and of the Industrial Sectional Committee. Late Vice-President of the Girls' Friendly Society and Head of Economics Section. Chairman of League of Skilled Housecraft. Member of Council for Overseas Settlement of British Women. DENMARK FROKEN HENNI FORCHHAMMER, President, Linguist, Author and Lecturer. Prominently identified with Women's work since 1899. Danish government representative at League of Nations Conference at Geneva. FRU EMILIE POULINE LARSEN, born 1864, in Denmark; in 1886 married Hr. Poul Larsen C. E. Member of and quinquennial contributor to I. C. W. For ten years President of the "Woman's non-alcoholic Restaurants" the object of which is the keeping of good and cheap restaurants where no spirits must be served. KAREN M. GLAESEL. Motto: "What I aspired to be and was not comforts me" (Browning). Born February 19, 1890, in Copenhagen. Studied Music, Copenhagen and Paris, instrument Violin, special study Theory of Music (Also apprenticed photographer). On the Board of "The Danish Friends of Armenia," and on the Board of the "Danish National Council of Women." Attended the meeting of the I. C. W. at Christiania, 1920, and Copenhagen, 1924. FROKEN THORA PEDERSEN, public school teacher, is the Danish representative on the I. C. W. Education Committee; member on the Board of the "Teacher's Union of Denmark," and of the "Danish Women's Society." She has been member -- as the only woman -- on a governmental committee to fix public salaries; Also member of another governmental committee the "Great School Committee," 1919-23, which has proposed a thorough reform of the Danish school system. She has taken an active part in the work for Women's Suffrage, and is a member on the Board of the radical party. Attended I. C. W. meeting at the Hague, 1922. 15 DENMARK--Continued FROKEN KIRSTEN GJESSING, born 1889, master of arts in political economy; factory inspector at Copenhagen; member on the I. C. W. standing committee for trades and profession; attended the D. C. W. meeting at Copenhagen, 1924. FRU ANNA HANSEN. Was President of the Copenhagen Association, 1900-1908; was active in founding the Danish National Midwives Association, 1902. Has been a member of the Danish National Council from the very beginning, was a delegate at the meeting at Toronto, 1909, and Christiana, 1920. Has for some years been Convener for the Danish Committee of Emigration and is now a member on the board of the Danish National Council. From 190-1922, member of the communal relief association at Copenhagen. Attended the I. C. W. meeting at Copenhagen, 1924. FROKEN ANNA MARGRETHE HOLM, daughter of Professor Holm at the Academy of Arts at Copenhagen and a famous architect and teacher of Art. From 1918-24 member on the Board of Women's non-alcoholic Restaurants, and in her capacity of secretary has made studies of statistics and activities of similar institutions at Stockholm, Gothenburg and Zurich. Much interested in housekeeping and in labour-saving appliances. Member of the Board of the National Council of Women of Denmark. Attended the meeting of the I. C. W. at Copenhagen, 1924. CLARA TYBJERG. As a young girl teacher at the Keller Institution for feeble-minded, Copenhagen, Denmark. 1890-92 teacher of special methods at the Elwyn Training School for Feeble-minded children, Penna, U.S.A. Interested and active in different kinds of social work, especially the Welfare of the Children. Since 1913 International corresponding secretary of the Danish National Council. Attended the I. C. W. meetings at Rome, 1924, Christiana, 1920. The Hague, 1922 and Copenhagen, 1924. Member of the Board of Officers of the Danish Red Cross. Member of the J. C. W. standing committee on Peace and Arbitration and since 1920, Vice-Convener. FRU ESTHER M. BROCH, born 1874, in Denmark, where she studied and taught; in 1902 went to U. S. A. In 1903 returned to Denmark and took up work among crippled children. Member on the Board of Officers of the Danish National Council. Member of I. C. W. standing committee for equal moral standard. Assisted at the I. W. C. meetings at the Hague in 1922 and at Copenhagen, 1924. Government delegate as technical adviser at the "International Labour Conference" at Geneva, 1922 (Emigration Statistics). Member on the Board of "Danish Friends of Armenia." NETHERLANDDS DR. JUR. C. VAN DORP, Convener of I. C. W. Committee of Laws and Legal Position of Women, until 1922; born 1872, Bachelor of Philosophy, Doctor of Laws, barrister at the Hague. Has in many years been a member of the Society for the improvement of the social and legal position of women and member of the Board of the Society for Women Labour. Has specialized herself in Economical Science, contributes monthly to the columns of the Dutch periodical "Economist." Honorary member of the English Cobden-Club and Officer of the American Tree Trade League. Member of Parliament since 1922. MEVR. DOORMAN-KIELSTRA. President of National Council of Women of the Netherlands, has for a number of years been a worker in different humanitarian societies. The movement against cruelty to animals, the Childrens' League, etc., where stress is laid upon a more moral and ethical education have in particular her full sympathy. 16 NETHERLANDS--Continued MEJ. ANNA POLAK, Convener of I. C. W. Standing Committee on Trades and Professions. Born 1874, Certificate High School Girls, 1890. Gymnasium, 1893. Interested in literary and social work, published articles in periodicals and a number of books from 1894 to 1908. Took part in the Woman Suffrage and Woman Labour Campaign and was a member of many Boards and Committees in connection with these movements. Leader of the National Women's Labour Bureau at The Hague since 1908 and Member of the Labour Council. MEVR. WYNAENDTS-FRANCKEN DYSRINCK, born 1876. University studies at Jena, Zurich, Berlin, Paris. Worked against White Slave Traffic and for women's franchise. President of the Association for Protection on Children born out of wedlock and unmarried mothers since 1904. Author of "In sunny Africa" and "Three Months in the West Indies." Editor of "The Wedge" and of the weekly paper of the Liberal Party. Delegate to the I. C. W. Congress in Berlin; 1904, to the Quinquennial in Kriastiania, 1920 and to the Executive in Copenhagen, 1924. Mevr. Wynaendts-Francken is a first cousin of the well-known American peace friend Edward W. Bok. DR. ALETTA H. JACOBS, Representative of the N. C. W. of the Netherlands on International Standing Committee on Suffrage. Born February 9, 1854. First Dutch woman who was admitted to High School and University studies. Med. Dr. in 1878; one of the most prominent workers for women's franchise in Holland. Hon. President of the Dutch branch of the Intern. Suffrage Alliance. Well known worker in International Peace Movement. MEJ. EMMY BELINFANTE, Member of the I. C. W. and Press Committee Journalist. MEJ. SUZE GROSHANS, Representative of Dutch Council on International Special Committee on Child Welfare; well known social worker, specially interested in Child Welfare and Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Has in many years been President of the Dutch Childrens' Association (Nederlandsche Kinderbond). Member of the municipal film control Committee has in many years been a Trustee of the National Bureau for Womens' Work, which in 1904 was entrusted with the organization of the important Child Welfare Congress. CATO M. VANDER PYL., Med. Dr. at the Hague. She is a member of the Executive Committee of National Council of Women of the Netherlands, and was till last year member of the International Committee on Public Health. Member of the Executive of the Vereeniging voor Staatsburgeressen. Executive of the Dutch Branch of the Int. League for Peace and Freedom. Member of the Municipal Committee on Public Health of the Hague. DR. C. FRIDA KATZ, since 1922, M. P. Representative of Dutch National Council on International Standing Committee on Laws and Legal position of women from 1921 to 1924. She has been nominated again for this office, but finds herself unable to accept re-election owing to her duties as M. P. Mej. Frida Katz is Counciler of the Town of Amsterdam and Member of the LabourCouncil. 17 NETHERLANDS- (Continued) MEJ. MARIE HEINEN, born 3th November, 1881, in Amsterdam, visited a girl's school in Amsterdam and a boarding school in Switzerland. Worked as corresponding clerk in different offices in Switzerland and Germany. Since 1909, Assistant Director of the National Bureau of Womens' Work at the Hague; since 1920, representative of N. C. W. of the Netherlands on International Standing Committee of Trade and Professions. Mej. Heinen is one of the founders of the Dutch Society of Housekeepers, organized in 1912. MEVR. C. J. VAN HEESKERCK VAN BEEST-VAN REEDE TOT TER AA. From 1918 to 1923 a member of the Board of National Council of Women of the Netherlands; member of the International Standing Committee on Finance. Since 1923, President of the Dutch Women's Alliance for Raising of Moral Standard and since 1920, member of the Board of the Dutch Abolitionist Society. MEJ. W. E. WYNARD, Dutch Representative on International Standing Committee on Education. Born 1883; Headmistress of the Girls' High School at Groningen from 1914 to 1919 and since then Headmistress of the Girls' High School in Rotterdam. MISS LOUISE C. A. VAN EEGHAN. Rec. Secretary. Founder, 1909. Young Womens' Guild. President, Womens' group of the Liberal Party . Prominent and active in Womens' work and identified with many organizations. BARONESS CECILIA VAN TUYLL SEROOSKERKEN, Delegate, Will visit South American Councils of Women after Quinqunnial. MISS ANNA SCHIPPERS, Holland, daughter of well known Med. Doctor Specialist for Children. Alternate delegate. Member of the Young Women's Guild (Y. W. C. A.). Studied singing; a keen sportswomen and International tennis player. Travelled in Europe, visited the Netherlands Gridies, China, Japan and North America. AUSTRALIA EMILY DOBSON, President, National Council of Women of Australia. President State National Council of Tasmania. Third Vice-President, International Council of Women. 18 AUSTRALIA- (Continued) MRS. W. M. MacCALLUM, SYDNEY, N. S. W. for the past five years President of the National Council of Women of New South Wales. President of the Infants' Home in Ashfield. President of the Sydney Day Nursery. Member of the National Welfare Department, member of the Government Advisory Board for the mentally deficient. Vice-President of the Royal Welfare Society for Women and Children. Member of Central Council, Australia Board of Missions, and many other associations devoted to welfare and educational activities. No organization in New South Wales is complete without her active co-operation. MRS. HEBER A. LONGMAN, President of National Council of Women of Queensland. Particularly interested and active in Educational matters. MRS. D. A. SKENE, President National Council of Women of Victoria. MISS PORTIA GEACH, President of the Housewives' Association of New South Wales. Well known Artist and outstanding figure in the Royal Art Society. MISS RUBY BOARD, is Vice-President of the National Council, and interstate secretary for many years, Member of the Committee. Australian English Assn. Member Board of Directors Woman's Club and an executive of the Girl Guides. Especially identified with educational problems and an authority peace and arbitration. Will be an important speaker at the Quinquennial on this subject. MISS MARY JAY, Delegate at large for Australia. Australian Delegate at the British Empire Exhibition Conference on "Prevention of the causes of war." Delegate to the Copenhagen meeting of the I. C. W. and also Kristiana meeting in 1920. Member of the Institute of Journalists (Sydney) and a Fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute. On the Council of the Victoria League. Had a seat at the 5th Assembly of the League of Nations at Geneva and at Rome. After the Great War, King Albert of Belgium, granted me the "Medaille de la Reine Elizabeth." MISS M. LILLIAN WOOD, resident of Sydney for past forty-seven years. Member of Sydney committee of Woman's Liberal Association for thirty years, Secretary of Oxford University Extension Lectures, Chairman of District Nursing Assn., and especially interested in settlement work. Advocate of world peace and will speak on this subject at the Quinquennial. 19 NEW ZEALAND MISS AMY KANE, president, National Council of Women of New Zealand Journalist, and for the last ten years in charge of the Women's Section of the New Zealand Times. In 1909, she helped found the Pioneer Club in Wellington, the first women's club in New Zealand, and was its first secretary. She has served continuously on the executive, being elected president three years ago. She represents the club (which is the only N, Z. Club affiliated with the Federation of Women's Clubs in the U.S.A.), on the National Council which she joined in 1922, being elected president of her local branch the following year, and president for New Zealand in 1924. MRS. ANNIE ISOBEL FRAER, Vice-President of New Zealand Council of Women and President of the Christ Church Branch. Student of social and political problems. Active in War work and much interested in education. Prominent in the Mother's Union, Girls Friendly Society and the Worker's Educational Association. MISS LYRA TAYLOR, L L.B. Wellington, Educated at Wellington Girls' College and Victoria College. One of the few practising women lawyers in New Zealand. is Vice-president of the Pioneer Club, member of the Dominion Committee of the women's National Council and the International Federation of University Women. Is rapidly becoming a leader in Women's work, and keeps in close touch with organizations throughout the world. MABEL G. CARMALT-JONES. Trained in general nursing, maternity and fever. Was one of the Queen Victoria District Nurses and Sister in the Westminster Hospital in London. During the War, was Matron-in-charge of a hospital in France. Coming to New Zealand, she became prominent in Woman's work. Was President of Dunedin N.C.W. and later Dominion President. District Commissioner of Girl Guides, Vice-president, League of Nations Union and of the Woman Citizens Association. Member of many Associations devoted to welfare and uplift. ITALY COUNTESS GABRIELLA SPALETTI, born Countess Rasponi, is president of the National Council of Italian Women, and 1910 was elected vice-president of the International Council. After the Messina earthquake, she was appointed president of the "Regina Elena" which received the orphans of the disaster. This appointment was sanctioned by royal decree and made the Countess the first woman in Italy upon whom has been conferred the official mission of "Guardian of Minors." COUNTESS IRENE DI ROBILANT, manager of the Italy-American Society in New York, will represent Countess Spaletti at the Quinquennial, as the latter can not come to the United States. ELISA VANNUTELLI CARRA, born in Florence, Italy, was Italian delegate to Wembly, England in 1924. 20 FRANCE MRS. AVRIL DE STE-CROIX, vice-president, International Council of Women. President of the French National Council. President of the Section of Feminine Studies of the Musee Social. President of the Foyers-Cantines Feminine. President of one of the sections of the Extra-parliamentary Commission at the Ministry of Hygiene. For her exceptional work in the field of welfare and hygiene, the French Government made her Chevalier de la Legion D'honneur and gave her the great golden medal of Public Assistance and Hygiene for exceptional services. DREYFUS-BARNEY, LAURA ALICE CLIFFORD (Mrs. Hippolyte). Born Cincinnati, Ohio, Nov. 30, 1880; of American descent. both sides. Jacob Barney, 1628-1693. Ennemond Meuillon Miller, who negotiated the treaty ceding Louisiana to the U.S.A. Member, French national Council of Women, Writer, Sculptor, social and philosophical student. World traveler. War work, 3 years in hospital and 2 years relief work. Specializes in Persian and international matters. SWITZERLAND MRS. CLARA GUTHRIE D'ARCIS, of Geneva. Born New Orleans, U.S.A. Is President of the World Union of Women for International Concord, and has done much in the cause of World Unity. Her assistance to the Swiss Government in the threatened Boycott in 1917, resulted in the release of urgently needed supplies. The establishment of the Parcel Post between Switzerland and the United States is directly due to her efforts. She was one of the first to take up the problem of caring for children in the war areas, and one of thefounders of the International Union which took up this work. FRL. E. ZELLWEGER, President, Swiss National Council, since 1910. Social worker and Journalist. HUNGARY COUNTESS ALBERT APPONYI, born Countess Clotilde de Pomlby, president of the National Council of Hungarian Women, leader of the anti-alcoholic movement and founder of the first sanitarium for alcoholics. President of many charitable institutions. NORWAY FRU BOTZY KJELSBERG, OSLO. President of the Norwegian Council of Women, since 1922. Convener: Committee on Suffrage and the Rights of Citizenship, since 1920. Government Factory inspector for Norway, member of the Royal Unemployment Commission, president of the Board of the Government Training School for Teachers of Domestic Economy. Vice-president of the Norwegian Association for Social Work. Government Delegate to all the Labor Conferences in Washington and Geneva. Member of the Central Board of the Left Political Party. Lecturer on social and political subjects. Received the Kings Medal for Merit in gold 1916 and the golden Badge of Honour from Norwegian Women's Public Health Association, 1916. FRU AGNES MARTENS SPARRE. Vice-President, Women's Left Political Association. Member Kristiana Town Council, 1916-1919. President of Norwegian Theosophic Association. Lecturer. Especially active in social and Political matters. 21 Norway--(Continued) FRU INGA FALSEN GJERDRUM, Billingstad, Asker (Norway), Widow of King Oscars Masters of Hunt. Since her husbands death, 1908, owner and manager of a small farm at Asker near Oslo, for 3 years a member of the presidency of Asker Parish Council, President of the Asker Branch of the N. C. W. and the local Branch of the Red Cross at Asker. Member of the Board of the N. C. W. from 1922. DR. INGEBORG AAS, medical practitioner in Trondhjem, especially among the working classes, graduated in medicine, 1903, born 1876, member of the town council of Trondhjem, since 1917, member of the State Commission on Reforming the Penal Code. Member of the I. C. W., standing Committee on Public Health FRU MARIA MICHELET. Member of the Norwegian Council of Women, since its foundation, vice-president and since 1919, member of the I. C. W. Education Committee. Founder and first-president of the Local Council of Asker and Baerum, member of “Krisitiania Hjemmenes Vel” (Welfare of the Home_ as president (1913-1919). Founder and president of the national “Hjemmenes Vels landsforbund” an organization for the whole country of affiliated associations of Norwegian Housewives. Founder and president of ‘Nordens Husmorforbund” the organization of affiliated national societies of Housewives of the four Northern countries, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland. Founder of the biannual national congresses of clergmen’s wives. Lecturer, Author, and editor. Honored with the golden badge of hounour of the “Martha organization” in Finland and with the kings Golden order of Merit. FROKEN ELISE HAMBRO M. A. BERGEN. From 1906 to 1921, Lector at the Hegdehaugens School, Oslo, at present Head Mistress of Pihls School, Bergen. From January, 1920 to July, 1921, Leader of N. K. N. S. Social Courses. Member of the State School Commission for reforming the school and drawing up new lines in the educational systems president of the local N. C. W. Branch in Bergen. Interested in educational and social problems. From 1919-1922, member of the I. C. W. Committee for Equal Moral Standards and against Traffic in Women. DR. MARTA TORUM, medical practitioner in Drammen, Norway. Specially interested in tuberculosis and children’s illness. Chairman of Drammens Womens Rights Association. FRU HILDA POULSEN has commercial education and is engaged in business. She has been one of the leading women in Oslo Local Council of Women since its start and has been Secretary to one of the Temperance union of Oslo since 1900. Also a member of W. W. C. T. U. organization. She is a member of a Committee for the distribution of aid to business women. FROKEN LOUISE ENGEN. President of the local N. C. W. Branch at Bodo. Has taken an active part in political and social work. For many years member of the Bodo town Council and member of the Presidency of Bodo Parish council. Has also been a member of the School Board and the Congregational Council. During the three last elections she has been proposed as a candidate for the Teetotallers party as their representative at the Storting (Parliament) in 1918, and of the Liberals Party of the North of Norway in 1921 and 1924. Chairman in the local Branch of Det Norske Avholsselskap (The Norwegian Teetotal Society) for Bodo and its district. Member of the National Board of Norges Fredforening (Norways Peace Society). 22 Norway---(Continued) FRU MARIA GJERDSJO. Vice-chairman and Treasurer of the Haugesund branch of Norwegian Women's Public Health Association, a member of the board of "Torre Hospital for Tuberculars" and interested in social work. MRS. AMBROSIA WINSNES, born Lund, is the descendent of the old and widespread family Lund at Farsund, Norway, known for centuries for its high esteem, morally, intellectually, socially, and artistically. She was born 1862. Mrs. Winsnes has for several years been the president of the local council of women at Drammen, Norway. For 25 years Mrs. Winsnes has been partaking in social work, carried on at Drammen. She is a member of several local boards and committees for the care of children. She yearly collects money for the resting home for worn mothers. Politically Mrs. Winsnes is highly interested, and she has always maintained the principle, that women voters must vote on women candidates only, in order to attain their due position in life, politically and economically. MRS. OLGA GRAFF, Journalist, Poet, and Critic. Born in Norway, but has spent many years in the United States as Writer and correspondent for publications here and abroad. Has traveled extensively. Is a member of the Illinois Woman's Press Association and The Order of Book Fellows. FRU THEODORA HOLST, born 1873, chairman of the Kristiansand Club of Discussion, officially elected member of the Board of the Public Library. She is interested in the work of improving the conditions of those who suffer. She also takes a great interest in literature. Dentist OLAUG NORDBYE, Oslo, Norway. Born August 11, 1894, in Oslo. Bachelor of Art from 1913, examination of Dentistry, 1917. FROKEN JOHANNE YOUNG, resident at "Teisen" near Oslo. For 25 years Head Mistress of a Dress-making School for young ladies in Oslo. Interested in educational and social problems. Memeber of a committee of home for poor children and a home for old people. Member of Akers Towns Council. FROKEN JULIE MICHELET, Cand philos from University of Oslo (Christiania). At present studying in U. S. A. 23 NORWAY -- (Continued) FROKEN SOLVEIG FOSSUM, born 1892. Has undergone commercial training, stayed 2 years in England for studying commercial affairs and since 1914 corresponding secretary at a machinery firm in Oslo. FRU MARIE IDSOE, Stavanger (Norway) has for about 15 years taken an active part in the political life as member of the municipality, Town Council and School Board. She is member of the Central Board of the Conservative party and Program Committee. Most of her work she has, however, devoted the Stavanger Sanitetsforening (Norwegian Women's Health Association). For ten years she has been the president of this association and during this time homes for adult Tuberculars, Open-air School for Tuberculosis threatened children, one clinical hospital in connection with a bearing home have been founded. The Stavanger Health Association also has a school for educating nurses in connection with a housewives school. Fru Idsoe is at present vice- president of the N.C.W. Branch of Stavanger. MRS. INGELEIV KULLMANN, born Maland, belongs to a well known Hardanger family. She is the widow of the Rev. Rector T. Kullmann, and has throughout all her life been interested in women's work; and also temperance work. Mrs. Kullmann belonged to the Board of the Bergen Women's Society. She is now a member of the National Committee for the protection of Young Girls; has also been a member of a Special Committee of the National Council of Norway. BELGIUM MLLE. MARGUERITE VAN DE WIELE. President of the National Council of Belgian Women, a vice-president of the International Council of Women. Founder and president of the Entertainment Work in the Hospitals of Brussels; president, Literary Section of the National Federation for the Defense of the French Language; vice-president, Literary Section of the International Federation for the Defence of the French Language; vice-president of the Society of Friends of the French Language. Member, Committee of Franco-Belgian Relations, honorary member of the Society for Adoption; honorary member, Society for the Protection of Apprenticeship of women's Trade; etc. MME. ELISE SOYER, BRUSSELS. Secretary, National Council. Founder and manager of "L'International Feminin," publication on women's activities. Founder and secretary, Central Office of Women's Documents of the International Institute of Bibliography. Founder and secretary of the Entertainment Work in the Hospitals of Brussels; general secretary of the Belgian Society for the Amelioration of the Condition of Women; vice-president of the Belgian Federation for Women's Suffrage, etc. BULGARIA MRS. YULIA MALIMNOVA, President. MRS. BEJANA BEREN, M.D., Vice-President. MRS. IVANA DOKEVA, Home Secretary. MRS. DIMITRINA IVANOVA, Foreign Secretary, Editor of the Union's paper, Jenski Glas, (Woman's Voice). MRS. PNNA PRESLASKA, Treasurer, Advisory Committee. MRS. RADA STALYSKA, MRS. ELLEN TCHAKALOVA, MRS. DANKA YUTCHZKOVA. The Union of Women of Bulgaria was founded in 1901, and today comprises more than fifty Women's Societies, all working for the advancement of women. The progress made during the past few years in securing political and civic rights for women has encouraged these pioneers and membership is rapidly increasing, and at the same time the government is listening to the "Voice" of its women with increasing interest. SOUTH AFRICA MRS. MACKENZIE ARBUTHNOT, President of South African Council of Women, and author of "Queen Mary's Book" a collection of Poems and Essays by Mary, Queen of Scots. MRS. DOROTHIE CALLOWAY LEE TONKIN. Writer and Lecturer. Active in Women and Children's Welfare Work Founder of North End Girls' Club, Port Elizabeth. South African member of I. C. W. Committee for Trades and Professions. Prominent in in War Service. Has specialized in economics and sanitation and is keenly interested in introducing women farm settlers in South Africa on group lines, and associated with the Training Farm for Women. MRS. SCANDRETT, President, Johannesburg Council of Women, and member of I. C. W. Committee for Public Health. MRS. JULIA SOLLY, First Vice-President, South African Council of Women, I. C. W. Member for Committee for Laws and Legal Status for Women and Children. MRS. E. A. McILWRAITH, Hon. Treasurer of South African Council of Women, South African Member of the I. C. W. Standing Committee of Finance. 25 SOUTH AFRICA (Continued) MRS. ISABELLE HANMAN, M. A., member of the I. C. W. Committee for Education. MRS. B. M. MASON, member I. C. W> Committee for Press. MISS B. G. Alexander, Johannesbug, South Africa. PORTUGAL DR. ADELAIDE CABETE. Founder and president of the National Council of Portuguese Women since 1914. Director of the feminist review "Alma Feminina," organ of the Council. Founder of the Society of Human Rights in Portugal. Represented the Portuguese government at the Feminist Congress in Rome. To celebrate the tenth anniversary of the National Council of Portuguese Women, Dr. Cabete organized the first Portuguese Women's Congress, presided over by the President of Portugal. MME. ELISA DOS SANTOS LIMA. Treasurer of the National Council of Portuguese Women; treasurer of the Society of Human Rights. MME. VICTORIA PAIS MADEIRA. President of the Section on Suffrage of the National Council of Portuguese Women; professors, journalist, and lecturer. MME. ANGLINA PORTO. Chairman of the Section on Unity of Morals of the National Council of Portuguese Women; journalist, lecturer, and Secretary of the Portuguese Abolitionist Committee. MME. DEOLINDA LOPES VIEIRA. Chairman of the Section on Education of the National Council of Portuguese Women, professor, journalist, and lecturer. MME. ALBERTINA GAMBOA. Chairman of the Section on Propaganda, National Council of Portuguese Women; professor, journalist and lecturer. MME. MARIA O'NEILL. Chairman of the Section on Assistance and Work of the National Council of Portuguese Women. President of the Associated Benevolences; writer, journalist, and lecturer. 26 RUSSIA DR. ANNA SHABANOFF, founder of the National Council of Russian Women (inactive since the Revolution); lecturer on hygiene; social worker; author of many literary and scientific works; on staff of the Children's Hospital, Petrograd; one of the first women doctors in Russia ICELAND MRS. KRINTIN B. SIMONARSON, Native of Iceland. Enthusiastic worker in beneficial, social, and political affairs. Active worker for Prohibition as member of Good Templars and W. C. T. U Vice president of National Council of Women of Iceland. Delegate to I. C. W. meeting at the Hague in 1922. For fourteen years has conducted a business in Reykjavik with marked success. Member of the standing Committee on Emigration and Immigration of the I. C. W. ROUMANIA PRINCESS A. CANTACUZENE, founder and vice-president of the National Council of Roumania. Founder of the National Orthodox Society of Roumanian Women with affiliations in all countries. Ardent social worker and feminist. Founder of the Petite de Jugoslavia; and decorated with the Grande Croix of the Order of Queen Marie de Roumania, the Grand Cordon of St. Sepulcre, and the Croix de Guerre of Italy and of Roumania. MADAME HELENE ROMICIANO, Recording Secretary, National Council of Roumanian Women. Social Worker in Roumania and Switzerland and General Secretary of World Union for International Unity. CUBA SENORA PILAR MORLOY DE MENENDEZ, President, Cuban Council of Women UKRANIA MME. SOPHIE ROUSSOVA, worked with her husband M. Alexander Roussoff, to establish the national rights and liberty of her people; suffered imprisonment many times. Taught social pedagogy in Polish institutions after her husband's death during the war. Professor of Pedagogy in Ukranian universities. Author of many books in Ukranian and Russian. Member of most Ukranian societies for national culture. Since 1922, president of the National Council of Ukranian Women. POLAND SENATOR JOSEPHINE SZEBEKO. Active in social work for women and children while her home, Warsaw, was under Polish government. In 1922 was elected only woman member of the first Polish Senate, in which she is secretary of the Education Commission. Founder and President of the National Women's Organization and President of the National Council. 27 CZECKOSLOVAKIA MME. FRANTISKA PLAMINOVA, President of the N.C.W. and member of the municipal council of Prague. DR. ALBINA HONZAKOVA, President of the Association of University Women of Prague. PROF. SARKA B. HRBKOVA, M. A., B. A. Author, lecturer, journalist and teacher. Manager Czechoslovak Bureau, Foreign Language Information Bureau, New York City. Very active in educational work. Member of a great many organizations and clubs. MRS. ANNIE V. CAPEK, Author and Lecturer. Born in the U.S.A., is of Czeckoslovak descent. Was Chairman of the Czeckoslovak section of "American's Making" Exposition, held under the auspices of the New York City and State Departments. Has lectured extensively on Czeckoslovakia for the New York Board of Education. IRELAND DR. MARY HAYDEN, President of the National Council of Women of Ireland. MISS MILY BUCHANAN, National Council of Women, Dublin Council of Women Irish Women Citizen's Association, Country Air Association, Sunshine Home for Delicate Children, Women's Settlement, Belfast, Magdalen Asylum, Dublin, Nursery Rescue and Protestant Children's Aid Society, Inspector of Children. Ex Poor Law Guardian. MRS. E.M. SMITH, Hon. Treasurer, Women's Citizens' Assn. Hon. Treasurer, Children's Care Committee Executive Member, Women's Patrol Committee. Executive member, Mother's Pension Committee. Formerly Sanitary Sub Officer. Inspector under Shop's Act. 28 IRELAND - Continued MRS. BOWEN-COLTHURST, M. A. Trinity College, Dublin. Member of Parent's National Education Union. DR. ALICE BARRY, M. R. C. P. I., D. P. H. Medical Superintendent, Women's National Health Assn. Medical Officer of City of Dublin Baby Clubs. Visiting Physician St. Ultcin's Infant Hospital, Dublin. Governor of the Lock Hospital. Examiner Central Medical Board. Lecturer Women's National Health Assn. Health Visitor's Diploma for Trained Nurses. MRS. POWRS, Child Welfare Worker. Has worked in connection with Nursery of the sick poor. Appointed by the Government one of the three Commissioners of the Poor Law in Dublin City in December, 1923. DOCTOR FLORENCE DILLON, M. B. Dublin. Member Local Government Department, Irish Free State. MRS. HAROLD THOMPSON, Stirling Branch, N. C. W. Organizer Women's Committee, West Stirlingshire Unionist Assn. President Bridge of Allan Woman's Unionist Assn. District Commissioner Girl Guides. Secretary Bridge of Allan Branch League of Nations Union. UNITED STATES MRS. PHILIP NORTH MOORE, St. Louis, Mo., President, National Council of Women; Vice -President, International Council of Women. MRS. NATHANIEL E. HARRIS, Vice-President, National Council of Women; Chairman, Quinquennial Executive Committee. DR. MARY E. WOOLLEY, Mt. Holyoke, Mass, A. M., Litt, D., L. H. D., L.L,D, MISS ANNA A . GORDON, Evanston, Ills. President, World's Women's Christian Temperance Union. President, National Women's Christian Temperance Union of the United States, Vice-President, National Council of Women. MRS. JOHN D. SHERMAN, Washington, D.C. President, General Federation of Women's Clubs. 29 UNITED STATES - (Continued) DR. KATHERINE BEMENT DAVIS, New York City, N.Y.A.B., A. M., L.L.D., Ph.D. Organized New York State Reformatory for Women and was Superintendent for 13 years. Became Commissioner of Correction in New York in 1914; also Chairman of the Parole Commission. Has been very active in Women's Reform work and Social Hygiene. Is now Secretary of the Bureau of Social Hygiene,Inc., in New York. MRS. MAUD WOOD PARK, A.B., Lecturer and writer. Very active in cause of Women's Suffrage and President of the National League of Women's Voters, 1920-1922. MRS. FLO JAMISON MILLER, Monticello, Ills. Corresponding Secretary National Council of Women. President, May Wright Sewell Indiana Council of Women. MRS. TRUMAN J. NEWBERRY Detroit, Michigan, President, Needlework Guild of America. MRS. TRUMAN J. NEWBERRY Dteroit, Michigan, President, Needlework Guild of America. DR. ALICE HAMILTON, New York City, N.Y. MRS. FRANCES E. BURNS, St. Louis, Mo. Chairman Finance Committee National Council of Women. President, Ladies' of the Maccabees. MRS. CLEN L. SWIGGETT, Washington, D.C. Chairman, Washington Quinquennial Committee. Executive Secretary, Pan American Union. MRS. O.D. OLIPHANT, Indianapolis, Indiana. National President, American Legion Auxiliary. 30 UNITED STATES - Continued MRS. T. J. LOUDEN, Bloomington, Indiana, President, May Wright Sewell, Indiana Council of Women. Member of Board of Directors, N.C.W. Very active in Women's Work and member of a great any Women's Organizations, including War Mothers, Daughters of Veteran Spanish-American War Auxiliary and the Auxiliary to the Order of Foreign Wars. Corresponding Secretary of the Post War Council. MRS. AMY BROWN LYMAN, Salt Lake City, Utah, General Secretary of the Women's Relief Society, Vice President of State Welfare Commission, Utah. Was a member of the Utah State Legislature and Chairman of the State Committee on Health and member of the Committee on Education. MISS JULIA LATHROP, Rockford, Ills. First Vice-President of the National League of Women Voters. President Illinois League of Women Voters. Intensely interested in Child Welfare. Organized and was president of the Illinois Society for Mental Hygiene. Also organized the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy. In 1912, President Taft called her to head the Children's Bureau at Washington. VALERIA H. PARKER, M.D. Director, Department of Protective Measures American Social Hygiene Association. B.A. Oxford College, Oxford, Ohio, 1898; Studied in Augusta Hospital, Berlin, Germany, 1892; Special studies of tuberculosis in Daros Platz, Switzerland, 1892-95; M.D. Hering Homeopathic Medical College, Chicago, 1902. Supervisor of State Policewomen, Connecticut, 1917-19; 1917-19, Member, Venereal Disease Commission State of Connecticut; 1917-19, Secretary, Board of Directors, Connecticut State Farm for Women; 1919-21, Chairman, Social Hygiene Committee, National League of Women Voters; Executive Secretary of the United States Interdepartmental Social Hygiene Board, 1921-22; 1919--, Director, Department of Social Morality, National Women's Christian Temperance Union; 1921--, Chairman, Social Hygiene Committee, National Congress of Parents and Teachers; 1923 --, Chairman, Committee on Equal Moral Standards, National Council of Women; 1924 --, Lecturer, New York School of Social Work. MRS. A.H. REEVE, President, National Congress of Parents and Teachers, President of New Jersey State Branch for four years. State Chairman of Country Life, three years; National Chairman, two years, Voluntee Agent, U.S. Department of Public Roads, two years editor of Child Welfare Magazine, three years, still functioning in that capacity. Elected President of the National Congress in 1923 for a term of three years. Director of the American Child Health Association, Director of the National Child Welfare Association. Trustee, White Williams Foundation. Member of Advisory Council, Better Homes in America. MRS. JOHN BLODGETT, Grand Rapids, Michigan. MISS ROSE BRENNER. Graduate of Adelphi College, Brooklyn N.Y. Active in the ranks of the National Council of Jewish Women, the greater part of her life. Served as First Vice-President of the Council during the presidency of Mrs. Nathaniel E. Harris, 1917 to 1920. President of the National Council of Jewish Women, since 1920. President of the Brooklyn Section for many years. President of the Women's Auxiliary of Temple Beth Elohim of Brooklyn for a long period. Was first woman to have been appointed on the Executive Board of Beth Elohim Temple, Brooklyn, N.Y. First Chairman and organizer of the Council's work among Jewish women on the farms. Contributor of various articles to publications. Her father was Judge Jacob Brenner or Brooklyn, who was very active in the work of his synagogue. DR. EDNA DEAN BAKER, Chicago, Ills. 31 LATVIA Klara Vitol, President Miss Berta Ashmay, Secretary MRS. PHILIP NORTH MOORE, President, National Council of Women. Vice-President, International Council of Women. NATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN WASHINGTON COMMITTEES General Chairman, Mrs. Glen Levin Swiggett Vice-Chairman, Mrs. Vernon Kellogg Committees and Their Chairmen: Hospitality: Mrs. Eugene Reilley. Information: Mrs. Raymond B. Morgan. Credentials and Badges: Mrs. S. D. Weaver. Transportation: Mrs. Estelle Sternberger. Music: Mrs. David A. Campbell. Entertainment: Miss Janet Richards. Reception: Mrs. Kate Trenholm Abrams. Pageant: Mrs. Frederick E. Farrington. Pages: Mrs. J. W. Frizzell. Arlington Service: Mrs. H. H. McCluer. Halls: Mrs. L. B. Swormstead. Sightseeing Trips: Miss Harlean James. Motor Corps: Mrs. Alvin E. Dodd. Exhibits: Mrs. Chester B. Swope. Decorations: Miss Marian Parkhurst. Luncheons and Banquet: Miss Mary Lindsley. Publicity: Mrs. Daniel C. Chace. MRS. NATHANIEL E. HARRIS, Vice-President, National Council of Women. General Chairman, Washington Quinquennial Convention. MRS. GLEN LEVIN SWIGGETT Local Chairman of Washington Quinquennial Committee. Chairman Federal Legislation National Council of Women, Executive Secretary, Pan American International Women's Committee NATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN American Ass'n of University Women Dr. Aurelia Reinhardt, Prest. Mills College, Oakland, Calif. Ass'n of Women in Public Health Dr. Florence Meredit, Prest. American Legion Auxilary, '22 Mrs. O.D. Oliphant, Prest., Trention, N.J. The Chalfante, Indianapolis, Ind. American Lovers of Music,'22 Mrs. David Allen Campbell, Prest., The Mayflower Apts., Washington, D.C. American Nurses' Ass'n, '22 Miss Adda Eldridge, Prest. Penn. Term. Bldg., 370 Seventh Ave., New York City, N.Y. Children of American Loyalty League Mrs. Nat S. Brown, Prest. 907 Victoria Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. General Federation of Women's Clubs Mrs. John D. Sherman, Prest. 1734 N St., Washington, D.C. International Sunshine Society Mrs. Cynthia Westover Alden, Prest. 96 Fifth Ave., New York City, N.Y. Ladies of the G.A.R. Mrs. Nelliee R. McMillan, Prest 911 Laramie St., Manhattan, Kansas. Ladies of the Maccabees Mrs. Frances E. Burns, Prest. St. Louis Michigan. Medical Women's Nat'l Ass'n '19 Dr. Catherine C. Manion, Prest. Port Huron, Michigan. Nat'l American War Mothers '20 Mrs. H.H. McCluer, Prest 3224 Highland Ave., Kansas City. Mo. Nat'l Alliance Daughters of Veterans '22 Mrs. Maybelle Plymire Prest. 2229 Green St., San Francisco, Calif. Nat'l Aux Un. Spanish War Veterans '21 Mrs. Wilhelmina Borgmeier, Prest. 5100 N. Long Ave. Chicago, Illinois. Nat'l Council Adm, Women in Education '20 Mrs. Minnie Neilson, Prest. State Supt. of N.D., Bismarck, N.D. Nat'l Council of Jewish Women Miss Rose Brenner, Prest. 252 Carroll St., Brooklyn, N.Y. Nat'l Congress Parent-Teachers Ass'n Mrs. A.H. Reeve, Prest. 1700 Lincoln Dr., Chestnut Hills, Philadelphia, Penn. Nat'l Federation of Colored Women Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, Prest. Daytona-Cookman Inst., Daytona, Fla. Nat'l Federation of Music Clubs Mrs. John F. Lyons, Prest. 900 Southland Ave., Ft. Worth, Texas. Nat'l Federation of Temple Sisterhoods '24 Mrs. J. Walter Freiberg, Prest. 3853 Alaska Ave., Avondale, Cincinnati, O. Nat'l Florence Crittendon Mission Pres., 218 Third St., N.W., Washington, D.C. Nat'l Kindergarten Ass'n Cor. Secy., Miss Bessie Locke, 8 West 40th St., New York City, N.Y. Nat'l League of Women Voters Prest. Miss Belle Sherwin, 532 Seventeenth St. N.W., Washington, D.C. Nat'l Women's Relief Corps Prest. Mrs. Grace B. Willard, 1401 Fairfax Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. Nat'l Women's Relief Society Pres. Mrs. W.N. (Clarissa S.) Williams, Gen, Secy., Mrs. Amy Brown Lyman, 29 Bishop's Bldg., Salt Lake City, Utah Federation of Business and Professional Women Prest. Miss Adelia Prichard. 715 Pittock Bldg., Portland, Oregon Needlework Guild of American Prest. Mrs. Truman H. Newberry, Cor. Secy., Miss Rosamond K. Bender, 505 Franklin Bldg., Philadelphia, Penn. Osteopathic Women's Nat'l Ass'n '22 Prest. Dr. Jeannette Hubbard Boles, Ogden Ave., 1457 Ogden Ave., Denver. Colo. Service Star Legion '22 Prest. Mrs. H.F. Baker Fenwood Farm, Hyde, Maryland. Southern Women's Educational Alliance '22 Prest. Mrs. Orrie Latham Hathcer, Hotel Richmond, Richmand, Va. Women's Lawyers' Ass'n '25 Prest. Miss Rose Falls Bres, 198 Jefferson Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y Women's Nat'l Christian Temp. Union Prest. Miss Anna A. Gordon, 1730 Chicago Ave., Evanston, Ill. Woodmen's Circle '18 Supremen Guardian Mrs. Mary E. LaRocca, W.O.W. Bldg., Omah, Nebr. Young Ladies Nat. Mut. Imp. Ass'n Prest. Mrs. Martha H. Tingey 1910 Main St., Salt Lake City, Utah. LOCAL COUNCIL Young Women's Christian Ass'n Mrs. Robt. B. Speer, 600 Lexington Ave., New York City, N.Y. Kansas Council of Women Mrs. O.C. Goddard 811 Middle St., Leavenworth, Kansas. May Wright Sewall Indiana State Council Prest. Mrs. T.J. Louden, 117 Forest Place, Bloomington, Ind. Rhode Island Council of Women Prest. Mrs. Henry A. Eldridge, Box 173, Greenville, R.I. STATE COUNCILS. Indianapolis Mrs. A.J. Clark 624 N. New Jersey St., Indianapolis, Ind. 36 MRS. WILLIAM DICK SPORBORG President, N.Y. City Federation of Women's clubs and Chairman, New York City Reception Committee Mrs. GOODMAN RICHARD DAVIS, Vice-Chairman Mrs. M.W. Amborg Mrs. Albert Canfield Boge Mrs. Carrie Chapmen Catt Mrs. Walter S. Comely Dr. Katherine Bement Davis Mrs. William Kinnicut Draper Mrs. G.L. Drewson Mrs. Edward Dreier Mrs. B. Tappen Fairchild Mrs. Chas. H. Farnam Mrs. Clinton Pinckney Farrell Dean Virginia Gildersleeve Mrs. James Lees Laidlaw Mrs. William Laimbeer Miss Mary Garrett Hay Mrs. Alexander Kohut Mrs. Harry Lilly Miss Elizabeth Marbury Mrs. Willis P. Miner Miss Ruth Morgan Mrs. Sidney Newton Morse Mrs. Henry Moskowitz Mrs. Frederick Nathan Mrs. Alton B. Parker Mrs. Edgerton Parsons Mrs. Percy V. Pennybacker Mrs. John T. Pratt Mrs. W. Taylor Phillips Mrs. Louis Rallston Mrs. Franklin Roosevelt Mrs. Frank J. Shuler Mrs. H. Speke Seeley Mrs. Alfred E. Smith Dr. Anna Garland Spencer Mrs. Henry A. Stimson Mrs. Nathan Straus, Jr. Mrs. Charles L. Tiffany Mrs. Frank A. Vanderlip Miss Lillian D. Wald Mrs. John Douglas Walton Mrs. Casper Whitney Mrs. Edmund B. Wilson 37 National Council of Women, Inc. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FOUNDER, SUSAN B. ANTHONY AFFILIATED WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN OFFICERS, 1923-1325 President MRS. PHILIP NORTH MOORE, 3125 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. First Vice-President MRS. NATHANIEL E. HARRIS 144 South Ave., Bradford, Pa. Second Vice-President MRS. THOMAS G. WINTER 2617 Dean Blvd., Minneapolis, Minn. Third Vice-President MISS ANNA A. GORDON, 1730 Chicago Ave., Evanston, Ill. Fourth Vice-President MRS. A. ROSS HILL, 52nd and Summit Sts., Kansas City, Mo. Recording Secretary MRS. GUY P. LEWIS, 615 W. Macon St., Decatur, Ill. Corresponding Secretary MRS. FLO JAMISON MILLER Monticello, Ill. Treasurer DR. EMMA E. BOWER, Port Huron, Mich. Auditor MRS. RUTH MAY FOX Salt Lake City, Utah COMMITTEES Citizenship MRS. PERCY V. PENNYBACKER, Chairman, 2606 Whitis Ave., Austin, Texas Child Welfare MRS. FREDERICK SCHOFF, Chairman, 3418 Baring St., Philadelphia, Pa. Education Chairmen- PROF. MARIAN P. WHITNEY Secondary and Higher, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. MISS CHARL WILLIAMS Elementary and Rural N.E.A. 16th St., Washington, D.C. Equal Moral Standards DR. VALERIA H. PARKER, Chairman, Am. Social Hygiene Ass'n., 370 Seventh Ave., New York City, N.Y. Extension MISS HARRIET A. BROAD, Chairman, 189 Rawson Road, Brookline, Mass. Federal Legislation MRS. GLEN L. SWIGGETT, Chairman, The Mendota, Washington, D.C. Finance MRS. FRANCES E. BURNS, Chairman, St. Louis, Mich. Immigration MRS. SAMUEL ROSENSOHN, Chairman, 799 Broadway, New York City, N.Y. Industrial Relations MISS MARY ANDERSON, Chairman, Women's Bureau, Department of Labor, Washington, D.C. Motion Pictures Mrs. DAVID ROSS, Chairman, R.R.M. Box 39 H. Indianapolis, Ind. Music MRS. DAVID A. CAMPBELL, Chairman, 1425 Broadway, New York City, N.Y. Permanent Peace MRS. LUCIA AMES MEAD, Chairman, 19 Euston St., Brookline, Mass. Public Health Dr. Elizabeth B. Thelbberg, Chairman, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUENT ORGANIZATIONS Arranged Chronologically National American Woman Suffrage Association, now National League of Women Voters. National Women's Relief Society. Young Ladies' National Mutual Improvement Society. National Women's Relief Corps. National Council of Jewish Women. National Florence Crittenton Mission. Ladies of The Maccabees National Federation of Colored Women Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic. Association of Collegiate Alumnae, now American Association of University Women. National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teachers' Assn. Needlework Guild of America. General Federation of Women's Clubs. Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, U.S.A. Section Women's Christian Temperance Union. Young Women's Christian Association. Woodmen Circle. Children of American Loyalty League. Kansas State Council. Rhode Island State Council. Indianapolis Local Council. Medical Women's National Association. International Sunshine Society. National Council Administrative Women in Education. National American War Mothers. National Kindergarten Association. Sons of Veterans' Auxiliary. National Auxiliary United Spanish War Veterans. Association of Women in Public Health. May Wright Sewall State Association. American Lovers of Music. National Alliance, Daughters of Veterans. Osteopathic Women's National Association. Service Star Legion. Southern Women's Educational Alliance. Daughters of Veterans. 38 NEW YORK WOMEN'S WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE Mrs. Henry A. Stimson, Chairman Dr. Katherine Bement Davis. Mrs. G. L. Drewson. Mrs. Clinton Pinckney Farrell. Mrs. Alexander Kohut. Mrs. Harry Lilly. Mrs. William Laimbeer. Mrs. Alton B. Parker. Mrs. Edgerton Parsons. Mrs. H. Speke Seeley. Dr. Anna Garland Spencer. Mrs. John Douglas Walton. Mrs. Edmund B. Wilson. AUXILIARY COMMITTEE Maud V. Carbonell. M.H. Corbett Caroline E. Furness. Margaret Morford Green. Emma Martin Haas. Mrs. Isaac Kubie. Corinne F. Mann. Eugenie Norris. Arletta S. Rudd. 39 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY WOMEN National Headquarters, Washington, D.C. The American Association of University Women was organized in 1882, under the name of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae. The purpose of this Association as expressed in the charter is "to unite the alumnae of different institutions for practical educational work, for the collection and publication of statistical and other information concerning education, and in general for the maintenance of high standards of education." Its most important service from the beginning has been in the enforcement of academic standards and proper living conditions in universities and colleges having women students. Institutions have been placed on the approved list of the Association only when they have raised their academic work to a certain standard, have provided representation of women on the governing boards and the faculties, have built suitable resident halls and created right social environment for the women students. When the Association was organized, eight universities and colleges were placed on the approved list. Standardization continues to be one of the chief fields of work of the Association, for while there are between 600 and 700 universities and colleges in the United States, only 144 have up to the present time attained the standards required by the Association for institutional membership. Within the first decade of its history the Association began an effort to provide scholarships and fellowships for women for both undergraduate and graduate study. In 1890 it sent its first fellow to Europe for graduate work. The stipends paid from funds in the care of the National Association treasury and from funds raised by local groups of Association members over the country amount to from $60,000 to $70,000 a year. Most of these fellowships and scholarships are used in the United States, but some are awarded to American women for European study, while others are international and are given to women from other countries, Europe, Latin America, and the Orient, for study in the United States. The Association has always had a particular interest in the education of very young children. In 1890 was begun a systematic study of infancy and childhood, 40 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY WOMEN—C ontd. syllabi were prepared, and special study was carried on by groups of members of the Association. During the past two years a new emphasis has been put on this field of work. A secretary whose a specialist in preschool and elementary education has been added to the headquarters staff about a hundred study groups are at work in different parts of the country,and nursery schools are being organized in a number of places. Another great interest of the organization is in international relations. The American Association of University Women is one of the twenty national federations of university women at this time composing the International Federation of University Women. It furthers the exchange of women professors and students between the United States and other countries, and assists by information and introductions university women from other countries who are traveling in the United Sates. A special secretary on the staff gives her time to this field. She directs about a hundred groups across the country, who are studying the League of Nations, the World Court, the Geneva Protocol, Latin America or some other subject bearing on international relations. The Association encourages clubhouses for university women. More and more branches of the Association are establishing such centers over the country for the use of members and visitors, local, national, and international. Philadelphia, Baltimore, Kansas City, St. Louis, Milwaukee, Madison, and other cities have such Association clubhouses. The National Headquarters building in Washington not only houses the national offices of the Association but also serves as a clubhouse for national members from all the branches, and international visitors from other national federations of university women. The American Association is one of the constituent members of the Women's Joint Congressional Committee made up of representatives of national women's organizations which are working for federal legislative matters especially concerning women, such as education, public health, child labor, and like subjects. National conventions of the Association endorse certain principles or bills and during the following year the Association representatives on the Women's Joint Congressional Committee work for these bills. There are over 300 branches or local groups of the American Association of University Women. The Journal of the America Association of University Women is a quarterly magazine, and is sent to every one of the 22,000 individual national members of the Association and to the libraries of all the universities and colleges which are corporate members. Complimentary copies go regularly to the presidents of all other national federations in the International Federation of University Women. The Journal publishes articles which make some contribution in the field of the higher education of women or public education, carries material for study groups, and is a channel of communication between the national officers and heads of departments and the members, concerning the activities of the Association. The National Headquarters offices in Washington serve also as a center of information concerning the higher education of women, the universities and colleges which admit women students. Counsel and help are given to university women who are seeking opportunities for study, positions, contacts with authorities in various fields, and assistance in a multitude of forms. The Association works in co-operation with other educational organizations such as the American Council on Education, the Association to Air Scientific Research by Women, and the Bureau of Vocational Information. The American Association of University Women, as will be seen from the above, is an educational organization, entering its activities, local, national and international, in practical educational work. It is directed by a board of 16 members, elected by the national convention and representing different parts of the country. The national offices are in the National Headquarters Building, 1634 Eye Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. MINA KERR Executive Secretary 41 AMERICAN LEGION AUXILIARY Mrs. O. D. Oliphant President The American Legion Auxiliary was established by an act of the First National Convention of the American Legion, held in Minneapolis in November 1919. The National Organization was effected at Kansas City in November, 1921, with National Headquarters at Indianapolis, Indiana. Present officers of the Auxiliary are: President—Mrs. O. D. Oliphant, Trenton, New Jersey. Vice Presidents—Mrs. W.H. Moran, Edwardsville, Illinois. Mrs. Eugene Fenelon, Devils Lake, N.D. Mrs. Cornie Glynn Cocklin, Rutland, Vermont. Mrs. E.B. Stewart, Riseburg, Oregon. Mrs. E.W. Burt ,Salisbury, North Carolina. Secretary—Miss Bess B. Wetherholt, Gallipolis, Ohio. Treasurer—Mrs. Dorothy B. Harper, Honolulu, Hawaii. Chaplain—Mrs. Caroline Talbott, Ketchikan, Alaska. Historian—Mrs. Joseph H. Thompson, Beaver Falls, Pa. MEMBERSHIP: 287,000 women in 6,782 units attached to local Posts of the American Legion throughout the United States, Alaska, Canada, Hawaii, Philippine Islands, Mexico, Canal Zone, France and Cuba; with organizations now being formed in China, Buenos Aires, South Africa and the Argentine. ELIGIBILITY: Mothers, wives, sisters, daughters of members of the American Legion or of all men and women who were in the military or naval service of the United States between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, and died in line of duty; and women who, in their ow right, are eligible to membership in the American Legion. REHABILITATION: Contribution to the rehabilitation fund are made by states in which the need for rehabilitation is small, to equalize the burden of caring for hospitalized men and women in other sections. For example, the burden of responsibility of caring for the hospitalized veterans in the great health centers, such as New Mexico, Colorado and Arizona, where the distances are great and the active Auxiliary workers comparatively small in number, is relieved by the Auxiliary's National Rehabilitation Fund, which may be drawn upon by such states. Men and women confined in hospitals throughout the country are given personal attention. Lists are prepared by each state of service people confined in Veterans' Bureau and Contract Hospitals, so that women in the Auxiliary inn the home state may keep in tough with the veterans supplying them with personal gifts, the home town paper, etc. ACCOMPLISHMENTS: A hospital annex of 48 beds, for World War Veterans, at the State Hospital at Sanitor, South Dakota, built and equipped by the Auxiliary of that state at a total cost of $38,000, was dedicated and turned over to the state in June, 1924. Five convalescent homes have been established and are maintained by the Auxiliary of New Jersey, solely by the proceeds from the annual sale of poppies. The Auxiliary units of New York contributed $84,000, raised from the sale of poppies to the Veterans' Mountain Air Camp maintained by the Legion and Auxiliary in that state. In many states the Auxiliaries have furnished recreation halls and sun parlors, transforming bare, cheerless wards into a comfortable, homelike place where, as the patients themselves express it, "It is easier to stay." Green houses have been built and equipped in ten or twelve states, and hostess houses established adjacent to the large hospitals for the convenience and comfort of relatives of the men and women confined there. 42 AMERICAN LEGION AUXILIARY—Contd. The Five Million Dollar Endowment Fund (campaign now in progress, with President Coolidge as Honorary Chairman of the Campaign Committee) will insure an income of $225,000 which will be used solely for rehabilitation and child welfare. This will not cover cost of erecting buildings, but will be used for administering rehabilitation and child welfare and the actual maintenance of orphans. Children's billets have already been established at Otter Lake, Michian; Independence, Kansas, and others are under construction in Tennessee, New Jersey,and Nebraska. Several states are offering ground and large sums of money to have a children's billets located within their boundaries. The National American Legion Auxiliary cottage at Otter Lake was dedicated on February 7, 1925. Over $20,000 has been raised for this cottage by contributions of ten cents per member. The cottage will be maintained by the National organization at a cost of about $600 per month and is now caring for 18 children. The women of the Auxiliary in Kansas raised $50,000 during the past year for these billets in their state. The Auxiliaries in Ohio and Indiana are assuming responsibility for special education of World War orphans in the Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans Homes, when the child is particularly gifted in music, art, manual training, etc. The National Child Welfare Committee of the Auxiliary is a part of The American Legion Committee on Child Welfare, with equal representation and full voting power. Many thousands of dollars have been raised for child welfare by the annual sale of poppies. Voluntary contributions to the National Child Welfare Fund from this source enabled the National organization to contribute a large amount from the maintenance of the children at Otter Lake, before the Auxiliary acquired its own cottage there. AMERICANISM: The Auxiliary's Americanism program is also the same as that of The Legion. One of the chief activities of the Auxiliary in its Americanism program is its determined advocacy of adequate National defense for America. Just at this time, when women are being misled by extreme pacifists; when many women are administering the slacker's oath, urging the youth of American not to participate in defense of their country, leaders of women in America will find it a reassuring spectacle to see the women who felt most keenly the horrors of war advocating adequate military and naval preparedness for their country. Teaching the foreign born and conducting citizenship classes is a part of the Auxiliary's work in Americanism. The Auxiliary sponsors Camp Fire Girls and Girl Scout movements. In its effort to eradicate illiteracy, the Auxiliary adds its full strength to promoting this work in which The American Legion leads. A most interesting piece of work is being carried on in Louisiana among the sixteen World War Veterans confined in the Leper Colony at Carville. A radio and motion picture machine have been installed, reading matter and delicacies are supplied. Prison surveys and special service to veterans in penal institutions plays an important part in the rehabilitation work of the Auxiliary. Hundreds of thousands of dollars are spent annually by the women of the American Legion Auxiliary in their endeavor to alleviate the suffering of the veterans of the World War in hospitals throughout the country. CHILD WELFARE: The child welfare program of the Auxiliary is the same as that of the Legion, supplemented by the activities in care of children for which women are particularly adapted. Wherever possible, and the mother is living, the Legion and its Auxiliary advocate keeping the child in the home with the mother. Children's billets, maintained on the cottage plan, with house mothers, eliminating, so far as possible, the institutional atmosphere, is the plan of caring for the 45,000 orphans of the World War now needing immediate care, with a probably 30,000 dependent children in a few years. 43 THE AMERICAN LOVERS OF MUSIC Ola B. Campbell President The American Lovers of Music was founded by Mrs. David Allen Campbell in 1922. It was incorporated in 1924 and a definite program inaugurated. Slogan: "Patriotism is not sentiment; it is action." The National Headquarters is located in Washington, D.C., at the Mayflower Hotel, Connecticut Avenue and De Sales Streets. The idea behind the American Lovers of Music is to fling out a new frontier for American Art. The purpose of the American Lovers of Music is to provide a national clearing house for the recognition and the development of American creative and interpretative artists. The problem is to attain the ultimate and justifiable recognition of American artists which can only be accomplished by placing a premium on American artistic endeavor. The belief of the association is that "Unity through Music" may be obtained in any locality and that cultural centers may be established in every city in America. The American Lovers of Music is represented by both men and women. Its membership is not made up of professional musicians but of an American public that is using every effort to awaken a real interest in the creative and interpretative voice of America. It is the belief of all officers of the Association that the carrying out of this idea will not only provide valuable and recognized centers for American artists, but will be the means of encouraging American artistic expression of every kind, with a sense of relationship to the Nation that every country calls for in its native creative resources. The Association, through the forming of cultural centers in every city, plans extensively to promote a more active interest generally in the things of art. Lectures, series of guest concerts, art exhibitions, local concerts, and pageant, contests, all these and many other forms of musical and artistic enterprise will be encouraged. Especially important is the encouragement and employment of amateur orchestras and choruses to the end that there be ultimately made possible a Local Opera by our own artists, where experience may be gained and a real love and understanding of opera be developed in America both through those taking part in the productions and those attending them. The fathers and mothers who are educating their children along artistic lines will welcome this movement as a further development of talents. The teachers will give it whole-hearted support as it opens an outlet for their finished product. The Community as a whole will greet the idea because so much of the detrimental and pernicious influence which at present permeates the artistic environment and defeats the efforts of amateurs as well as seriously affecting constructive art,can be checked through the formation of these cultural centers. Thirty-four states are represented by Vice Presidents and an advisory board of leading musicians, conductors and patrons of musicc. 44 AMERICAN WAR MOTHERS Membership of American War Mothers comprises mothers who gave sons or daughters for service in the World War. AMERICAN WAR MOTHERS ORIGINALLY ORGANIZED IN 1917 CHARTERED BY ACT OF CONGRESS 1925 Object of Organization The object of the corporation is to keep alive and develop the spirit which prompted world service; to maintain the ties of fellowship borne of that service and to assist and further any patriotic work; to inculcate a sense of individual obligation to the community, State and Nation; to work for the welfare of the Army and Navy; to assist in any way in their power, men and women who served and were wounded or incapacitated in the World War; to foster and promote friend ship and understanding between America and the Allies in the World War; to commemorate the deeds of valor of our Soldiers, Sailors and Marines, to lend aid and comfort to their families, and to collect and preserve records of their beloved dead and to perpetuate their memory. Activities of Organization General Hospital work, including care of disabled veterans and their families; interest in orphans and all children of disabled veterans. Americanization Work. Distribution of Flag Code Booklets. Teaching the use and love for our Flag. Memory Tree Planting. Erection of Monuments. Prison Work, among Veterans of World War. To plan and assist in properly celebrating all National Holidays. Erection of National Memorial Home at Denver, Colorado, to be dedicated to the Gold Star Mothers of our Nation, the objects of which are as follows: (a) A home for the Mothers of the disabled Ex-Service Men at Fitzsimmons and Fort Logan Hospitals, near Denver, Colorado, while visiting their sons. (b) A place of recreation and rest for the ex-service men at the Hospitals and where they may visit with their home folks. There are now at the Fitzsimmons Hospital in Denver more than three thousand patients, some of whom have been there more than four years. Their parents reside in nearly every Sate in the Union. The establishment of this home means that the mothers of all these boys can have a real home there, at which to stop with a very nominal cost, while visiting them, and a place where the boys, themselves, can have rest and fresh air and a place to walk among the pines and to visit, not only with their parents, but with friends and be away from the sick atmosphere, which naturally prevails at a a hospital. Ultimately, this Home is to be used as a Home for worthy aged War Mothers. The publication of a magazine entitled "American War Mothers," devoted to the interest of above objects and all patriotic movements. We urge the observance of Mothers' Day, thereby bringing closer the home ties, given concerts in hospitals, give entertainments in Orphan Asylums, or in homes where orphan boys and girls are placed, have persons to given an hour of bedtime stories to the crippled children in various hospitals, see that all inmates of hospitals and prisons are given carnations to wear, for their Mothers, make it truly a "Mothering" Day. The Home The Home is the foundation of our Government, the Government is just as good as the homes make it. It is our aim to help bring about closer home ties, better and greater understanding and sympathy between the parent and child. We feel that Mother and Daughter Week, Father and Sons Week, Boys Week, Girls Week, and the observance of Mothers' Day will help to bring back to the ones absent from home, a fond remembrance of the hearthstone and to the ones still in the home a greater love. With that comes better citizens, greater patriots, and stauncher defenders of the Nation. Our Motto "May we so live, That the memories of each today, Recall more service rendered than those of yesterday." MARGARET N. McCLURE, Nat. War Mother American War Mothers. 45 AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION Adda M. Eldridge President The American Nurses' Association, with an ever-growing membership now totaling 47,000 has been quite definitely responsible for the general development of professional self-consciousness among American nurses and therefore for much of the professional advancement of nursing in this country. Its influence on the quality of service rendered by nurses both in the care of the sick and in disease prevention, although not yet very generally recognized outside the profession has been of enormous importance since this influence has been exerted on the source of supply, namely, upon the schools of nursing by means of legislation. The Association began its existence in 1896, with a mere dozen of alumnae associations as a nucleus. Today, with a plan of organization permitting nurses to join their Alumnae Associaitions and automatically become members of district and state associations and, finally, of the national, we have an association composed of 48 states and two territorial associations. These are based on more than 600 alumnae associations. The American Journal of Nursing, the largest and most influential magazine in the world devoted to the interests of nurses and of nursing, is owned by the association. It has been a most potent force in the development not only of the organization but of modern nursing throughout the world. The National League of Nursing Education was organized in 1894 and is concerned with furthering programs of nursing education; it was the motivating force back of the organization of the Department of Nursing Education in Teachers' College, Columbia University now a Mecca for nurses from all over the world; has formulated a curriculum for schools of nursing now in every general use, and has initiated a program for the grading of schools of nursing in which allied interests will participate. The National Organization for Public Health Nursing was organized in 1912 to meet the need for a central body to encourage and assist in the sound development of public health nursing. Its membership and Board of Directors include public health nurses and those interested in the development of public health nursing as one element in the organized health work of the community. Twelve years have been expended in collecting, studying and disseminating information on the methods of preparation for and the administration and practice of public health nursing, to make the best that has been evolved by any at once available to all. Through this service the National Organization for Public Health Nursing has become the authority, nationally and internationally recognized, on all matters related to public health nursing. The National Organization for Public Health Nursing publishes The Public Health Nurse, a monthly magazine for the exchange of information and the discussion of problems related to public health and public health nursing. This magazine is also the official organ of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing, through which its activities are reported to its members. The relationship between the three nursing organizations is very close, the President of the National League for Nursing Education and of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing bring ex-officio members of the Board of the American Nurses' Association The Associations hold joint Biennial meetings in different parts of the country. 46 AMERICAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION- Contd. Elizabeth G. Fox Director The relation of the American Nurses' Association to the Nursing Service of the American Red Cross is a striking example of co-operative effort since through it the Red Cross is able to maintain a reserve of 40,000 nurses all of whom meet definite professional standards, to be called upon in emergencies such as war, epidemic, or disaster. Nurse practice acts have been obtained in the forty-eight states and the public is slowly becoming educated to an understanding of the meaning of the symbol R. N. (Registered Nurse), a symbol in nursing quite comparable to an M.D. in medicine since it indicates a legal right to practice and thus offers protection to the public. Such is the American Nurses' Association - a far-flung organization of well-knit units working quietly and steadfastly thro organization to attain a goal of suitable care for all who are sick and of furthering an extension of health teaching that will ultimately drive preventable disease from off the earth. Laura Logan President National League for Nursing Education 47 THE AMERICAN WOMEN'S HOSPITALS The American Women's Hospitals service was organized eight years ago by the Medical Women's National Association, for the purpose of conducting medical relief work in countries suffering various disasters. Since then we have conducted fifty-one general hospitals, with outlying dispensaries, food stations and clothing depots at different places for varying periods of time. Our first work was done in France where three hospitals were maintained from 1918 to 1921. These services included the medical work for the Wellesley and Smith units and the entire medical and hospital services for the American Committee for Devastated France. The city of Blois, France, has been assisted in the building of a Mate nity Hospital and Nursery. For seven years, we have contributed towards the development of a Health Center at Levallois-Perret, a factory district on the outskirts of Paris. A contribution from the National American Women's Suffrage Association, with other funds, donated for this purpose, enabled us to purchase a block of buildings, which have been remodeled for dispensaries, dental clinics, anti- tuberculosis service and a headquarters for visiting nurses. A Committee of American women residing in Paris represents American Women's Hospitals and is co-operating with the Committee of the Residence Sociale in this project. This center has been recognized by the French Government as a public utility, and not only serves the immediate community, but receives visiting nurses from all parts of France for training. Our first work in Serbia was a Monastir, where a hospital was conducted in cooperation with the American Red Cross. In 1919 we equipped and paid the salaries of four women physicians and a dentist, who were assigned for duty with the Serbia Child Welfare Association. Under the personal supervision of Dr. Etta Gray of Los Angeles, Cal., a large hospital and medical service was developed in Macedonian Serbia in 1919. Four general hospitals were maintained., A Children's Hospital with 150 beds was established at Veles, which in September, 1922, was turned over to the Serbian Government as a general hospital, but a section of 50 beds was retained for children, and carried by us until October 15, 1924. A branch of our service was established in Russia during the famine years in cooperation with the American Friends Service Committee. In the Buzuluk and Sorochinskaya districts, we are conducting medical work, employing physicians and nurses, both American and Russian. We also furnish medical supplies for distribution. Dr. Elfie Graff of Somerville, New Jersey, is in charge. Immediately after the earthquake in Japan, the American Women's Hospital raised a fund for medical relief in that country. This work is still going on under the direction of a committee made up of American and Japanese health workers. This service is in charge of Dr. Inouye. In Feb., 1919, we equipped nine women physicians for service with the Near East Relief in Armenia and Turkey. In 1920 all the hospital and medical work for the Ismid, Derindje and Bardizag regions in Asia Minor was undertaken by our organization in cooperation with the Near East Relief. When the city of Ismid was taken in 1921 by Mustapha Kemal, we were running a hospital of eighty beds, and this was continued for a year during the Turkish occupation. In 1922 and 1923 the entire medical service for the Caucaus was financed and directed by us. Since September, 1922, we have conducted 35 general hospitals in Greek territory including a large central pharmacy in Athens. From January to June, 1923, we conducted a Quarantine station and hospitals for pestilential diseases on Macronnissi Island, where 12,000 cases were received. The American Women's Hospitals carried the entire cost of this work with the exception of water, fuel and transportation, which was provided by the Greek Government until March 1st. After this date the American Red Cross supplemented our food supply. At this writing, we have 12 general hospitals, in Greece, a Health Service in Russia, a Medical Service in Japan. Our work in Serbia is practically complete. Dr. Elfie Richards Graff, Head of the American Women's Hospitals in Russia, where we conduct a medical relief service in co-operation with the Friends Service 48 THE AMERICAN WOMEN'S HOSPITALS-Cont. Large numbers of American women physicians and nurses in our service have been decorated by Governments of the countries where our work has been done, and quite recently, the Greek Government decorated the American Women's Hospitals, as an organization, with the Gold Cross of the Grand Commander of the Order of the Redeemer. "Buddies" The Will to Live Sister Sarra Head Nurse of the Maternity Ward of the American Women's Hospitals, Salonica, Greece. Sister Sarra is a Christian Refugee from turkey. The other Woman Shown in the Picture Has Just Been Received in the Maternity Ward from a Refugee Camp 49 CHILDREN OF AMERICA-LOYALTY LEAGUE Mrs. Nat S. Brown, Founder and National President of the Children of America Loalty League, the first organization of its kind in the United States. The League was organized in 1917, is incorporated under the laws to Missouri, is affiliated with the National Council of Women and a Life Member in Park and Playground Association. The officers are: Mrs. Nat S. Brown, President. John M. Atkinson, Vice President. Mrs. Charles D. Potts, Secretary. Edward F. Coltra, Treasurer. Miss Eva M. Kennedy, Asst. Secretary. The membership of the League is composed of children ranging in ages from babyhood to 18 years who pay yearly dues and sign the following pledge: "I hereby pledgeg to Our Flag, loyalty to Our Country, loyalty to the President of the United States as Commander-in-Chief, support to the Red Cross of America and the Military and Naval branches of the Federal Government" Its purpose is to promote the love of country, flag and home, and to teach the proper respect for the laws of their country, state and town, and the best methods of true Americanism which are embodied in the above statement. It is supported entirely by the dues (fifty cents a year) and the work of the children which consists of selling campaigns, entertainments and personal sacrifice. The children have never solicited funds for expense, and have never received contributions from state, city, or individuals. No officer or member of the organization receives money compensation other than the Assistan Secretary at the national headquarters. WAR ACTIVITIES At their request Secretary of War, Newton Baker, had a special salute at reveille on September 14th, 1917 in honor of the 103rd birthday of the Star Spangled Banner. Every United States Army Post throughout the world observed this order, and 120,000 children sang the anthem that morning in St. Louis. Their celebration that night in the Coliseum was the first ever held in honor of this event in the history of America. A petition signed by 10,000 members was sent to Congress asking that the Star Spangled Banner be made a national anthem. Through the courtesy of Secretary of War and Secretary of Navy, New Year's greeting of 191-19-20 were wired to every man in service. The children assisted in Salvation Army Campaign, American Red Cross Membership Drive, Sunshine Mission, Italian War Relief Fund of America, Food Conservation United War Work Campaign, and everv Liberty Loan in which children were permitted to work. The different chapters adopted and cared for 8 war orphans. Supported 10 beds in American Military Hospital No. 1, Neuilly, France, for a period of 11 months, at a cost of $6,000,000. During 1918 it was their privilege and pleasure to purchase railroad tickets and aid 22 soldiers who, on account of sickness and death, were called home and had not sufficient funds to return to their camps. SINCE SIGNING OF ARMISTICE The Children of America Loyalty League erected the first monument in America to War Heroes at Carmi, Ill., in 1920. Gave first check from St. Louis to 'American Gift to France," Disabled Soldiers' Home on West Pine Blvd., Japanese Disaster Fund, Harding Memorial, Navy and Marine Memorial, German Orphans, and first barrel of flour to Near East Relief. Donation to Russian ans Chinese Reliefs, HomeComing, Community Center, Symphony Orchestra and St. Louis Community Funds. In 1921 they gave $1,460.50 to Post Dispatch Pure Milk Fund. Each year they contribute to Times Good Fellows Club, Post Dispatch Festival Fund, furnish the drill for Elks Flag Day celebration, send thousands of Easter Eggs to the children in the various institutions, give Christmas toys to every child in City Hospital, Bethesda Home and St. Louis Children's Hospital. They have helped the American Legion on many occasions; furnished the musical numbers for the dedication of Soldiers', Sailors' and Marines' monument; on Decoration Day furnished part of the program and flowers for memorial services for soldiers and sailors; furnished the vaudeville entertainment for the Marine Corps at Fox-Liberty Threatre for 28 performances. Have worked for Good Roads and Municipal Bond Issue; helped raise the $60,000.00 raised by St. Louis for Good Will Fund. At their fifth anniversary picnic they entertained 250 orphans. Gave a victrola and 100 records to the House of Detention. Gave $500.00 for a Name Bed in the St. Louis Children's Hospital in 1923, and $300.25 for 1925. Have pledged $500.00 for the care of a Name Bed in St. Louis Maternity Hospital for 1925. We are preparing a brief history of war activities of St. Louisians, and have secured personal tributes, on parchment, from the following distinguished men and women: Hon. Thomas R. Marshall; Elena, Queen of Italy; His Excellency V. Rolandi Ricci, Italian Ambassador to Unites States; General A. Diaz, General John J. Pershing; Admiral Robert E. Coontz; Rear-Admiral 50 W.S Benson; Major-General George Barnett; Hon. Wm, G. McAdoo; Hon. Newton C. Baker; Hon. Josephus Daniels; Hon. Herbert L. Hoover; Hon. Samuel Gompers; Hon. Frederick D. Gardner; Hon. Henry W. Kiel; Rabbi Leon Harrison; Bishop Daniel S. Tuttle, and Mrs. Philip N. Moore. 3,500 member have already pledge $1.00 a year for a period of 5 years to care for 7 children orphans by the World War. 51 GENERAL FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS Miss Hafford Washington Headquarters The General Federation of Women's Clubs was founded in 1890 and granted a charter by act of congress in 1901 for educational, industrial, philanthropic, literary, artistic and scientific culture, and to bring into communication with one another the various women's clubs throughout the world. At the present time it has a state federation in each of the forty-eight states and in the District of Columbia. It has club membership in Alaska, Hawaii, Philippine Islands, Porto Rico, Panama, Canal Zone, as well as in the foreign countries of Argentine, Canada, China, Cuba, England, France, Japan, New Zealand, Peru, Sweden, West Australia, West Indies. It has affiliated with it twenty-two women's national organizations. Its membership approximates 2,800,000 women. It has approximately 5,500 clubs in direct and 15,000 in indirect membership. There are eight active departments of work, each with its trained leader, namely, American Citizenship, The American Home, Applied Education, Fine Arts, International Relations, Legislation, Press and Publicity and Public Welfare. Each of these has its subdivisions, also under the guidance of an expert who gives her services freely to any club task. "As, in a human make-up, no faculty or aspiration stands alone, but all are intertwined to make a fully rounded individual, so the Federation recognizes that it is by harmonious interaction of all these movements that best results are obtained. You may emphasize your own particular subject, but you realize constantly how it relates itself to all the others. This encourages wide thinking. It discourages the one-sided "crank." Our club came into being because we got something out of a group that no one can get alone - something that we all crave - companionship ,friendship, the wisdom that comes from many minds, the inspiration that springs from contact of mind with mind, the efficiency that results from combined effort. The Federation is a long step forward in the same direction, club stretching out its hand to sister clubs with wider companionship, added friends, greater wisdom, nobler inspiration, a hundred times multiplied efficiency. There are big tasks lying before women - tasks that need such wisdom as we get from combined study, tasks that need the altruism we get from working together, tasks that need the energy we get from combination of effort. We want homes where the big things are made big and the little things are made unimportant, where children can be well-born and joyous and grow up to noble citizenship, where the family income is made to serve the highest family interests, where there are vigorous American bodies and minds. We want Communities that are extensions of the home, where we shall be friends with each other, we people of all races and creeds, where good schools, high standards of public health, recreation, beauty, shall tempt the finest type of people to come and live with us and bring up their children." 52 Mrs. Sherman, President of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, is a descendant of John and Elinor Whitney who came from England in 1635, and settled in Watertown, Mass. She married John Dickinson Sherman in 1887. They lived in Chicago mony years. Mr. and Mrs. Sherman have one son, who during the world war, was a lieutenant acting as pursuit pilot in the 217th Aero Squadron. Mrs. Sherman is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. She is a leading Porliamentarian and served as Special Assistant Director of United States School Garden Army during the World War. She has for many years been active in Americanization work and in movements for National porks and the preservation of natural scenery for recreational purposes. 53 THE INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, LOCAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN Mrs. B. F. Gadd President The Indianapolis, Indiana, Local Council of Women was founded in February, 1892, by Mrs. May Wright Sewall and was the first of its kind in this country. The Local Council has maintained a steady growth from the early days of its organization to the present time, in membership and in the scope of its work. Not only the women of Indianapolis but all women of Indiana owe a debt of deep gratitude to Mrs. May Wright Sewall, known at home and abroad as president of both National and International Councils of Women. Her Catholic interest in the activities of all women has been a valuable asset to many groups of women who have sought her guidance when initiative was, as yet, an undeveloped faculty among women. Our monument to her great ability as an organizer is The Indianapolis Local Council of Women. It was upon her recommendation at its annual meeting, May 11, 1891, that the stockholders of the Indianapolis Propylaeum Association voted to take the initiative in aggregating the women's organizations of Indianapolis into a Local Council. "The aim of a Local Council," said Mrs. Sewall, "is to accomplish for a single community what the National Council of Women is designed to accomplish for the nation at large, namely, to bring into direct communication with one another all organized bodies of women in the city, not to constrain their work, but to let each body of women know what is being done by all others and to secure to each the help of others in any large undertaking which may command a general interest." A constitution was adopted and officers elected by delegates of thirty-four societies, February 1, 1892. The Council has now a membership of more than over a hundred organizations. The affiliated clubs and organizations include those of a civic, philanthropic, religious and social and cultural nature. The Local Council has proven to be one of the most aggressive as well as one of the most progressive organizations in the city. Social service and public welfare have been its prime objects of interest, and through its influence many now well established activities had their origin. It has been, and still is, a valuable training school for citizenship. Here women learn to think in civic terms, and here they learn the power of united effort, in other words the powerful influence of public opinion. No community can afford to be without such a forum. PAS PRESIDENTS Mrs. Margaret D. Chislett ......1892-1894 Mrs. May Wright Sewall ........1894-1896 Mrs. Josephine R. Nichols ....1896-1898 Mrs. Flora Wulschner ............1898-1900 Mrs. Nettie Ransford .............1900-1901 Mrs. Eliza A. Blaker ...............1901-1902 Mrs. Katherine H. Day ...........1902-1904 Mrs. Grace Julian Clarke .......1904-1906 Mrs W. T. Barnes ...................1906-1909 Mrs. Charles M. Walker .........1909-1910 Dr. Amelia R. Keller ...............1910-1913 Mrs. J. F. Barnhill ..................1913-1914 Mrs. W. T. Barnes ..................1914-1915 Mrs. M. F. Ault ......................1915-1917 Mrs. S. R. Artman .................1917-1921 Mrs. Allen T. Fleming ............1921-1922 Mrs. A. J. Clark .....................1922-1924 Mrs. B. S. Gadd ....................1924-1925 The May Wright Sewall Indiana Council of Women, composed of Local Council and state organizations, was founded by officers and members of the Local Council of Indianapolis, in January, 1921. 54 MEDICAL WOMEN'S NATIONAL ASSOCIATION Until the last quarter of the last century women had no place in the medical profession. Elizabeth Blackwell, Dr. Zakrzewska and Lucy Sewall of America; Emily Blackwell, Elizabeth Garett-Anderson and Sophia Jex-Blake, in England, were the heroic pioneers. Through the efforts of these women the New York Inflrmary for Women, the Medical College of the New York Infirmary, the New England Hospital for Women and Children, the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, the London School of Medicine for Women and the Royal Free Hospital open staff came to be, and women were enabled to take their place in the profession. An International Medical Women's Association which, in July, 1924, brought together in London delegates from Medical Women's Organizations of nineteen countries, indicates the tremendous increase of women in medicine in the last fifty years. The Medical Women's National Association was organized in Chicago, in 1915, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Mary Thompson Hospital, its object, as stated in the Constitution, being "to bring medical women into association with each other for their mutual advantage, to encourage social and cooperative relations within and without the profession, and to forward such constructive movements as may be properly endorsed by the medical profession." Membership is in four groups: Active Members or Fellows, Group Members, Associate Members, Honorary Members. The name of the group clearly indicating the class of members belonging to each. The Association is affiliated with the American Medical Association, adopts its standards of ethics and qualifications, and the Annual Sessions are held in conjunction with those of the American Medical Association. The Association is a component body in the Medical Women's International Association; it sent members of Council and delegates to the second meeting of that body in Geneva in 1922, and had five councillors and nine delegates at the third international meeting in London in 1924. It is also affiliated with the General Federation of Women's Clubs of America. An official bulletin is published for circulation among the membership and devoted to the interests of the organization. In addition to the foregoing work the Association adopted at its Ninth Annual Meeting in San Francisco a five-year program of extension and organization work which will be vigorously carried on. The Officers, Chairmen of Committees and Directors for 1924-25 are: OFFICERS Eliza M. Mosher, M. D., Honarary President, Brooklyn, N. Y. Katherine C. Manion, M. D., President, Port Huron, Mich. Anna E. Blount, M. D., President Elect, Chicago, Ill. Elizabeth B. Thelberg, M. D., First Vice-President, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Fraces C. Van Gasken, M. D., Second Vice-President, Philadelphia, Pa. Mary E. Dennis, M. D., Third Vice-President, Los Angeles, Calif. Blanche M. Haines, M. D., Secretary, Lansing, Mich. Ethel Doty Brown, M. D., Treasurer, 26 Gramercy Park, New York City, N. Y. Grace N. Kimball, Editor-in-Chief of Bulletin, La Jolla, Calif. Martha Tracy, M. D., Philadelphia, Pa. Eleanor C. Jones. M. D., Philadelphia, Pa. L. Rosa H. Gantt, M. D., Spartanburg, S. C. May Agnes Hopkins, M. D., Dallas, Texas. Marie Milliken Long, M. D., Memphis, Tenn. Margaret A .Freece, M. D., Salina, Utah. Mary B. Baughman, M. D., Richmond, Va. Charlotte Fairbanks, M. D., St. Johnsbury, Vt. Frances Eastman Rose, M. D., Spokane, Washington. Maud Parker, M. D., Seattle Washington. Edith McCann, M. D., Milwaukee, Wis. Olga Stastny M. D., Director at Large, Omaha, Neb. Term Expires 1925 Willena Peck, M. D., Montevallo, Alabama. Marjory Potter, M. D., San Diego, Calif. Martha Welpton, M. D., San Diego, Calif. Etta S. Gray, M. D., Los Angeles, Calif. Margaret Mahoney, M. D., San Francisco, Calif. M. Ethel Fraser, M. D., Denver, Colorado. Maude W. Taylor, M. D., Hartford, Conn. Daisy M. O. Robinson, M. D., Washington, D. C. Ada Thomas, M. D., Washington, D. C. Lena K. Sadler, M. D., Chicago, Illinois. Alice Conklin, M. D., Chicago, Illinois. Lillian E. Taylor, M. D., Chicago, Illinois. Effa Davis, M. D., Chicago, Illinois. Nettie B. Powell, M. D., Marion, Indiana. Velura S. Powell, M. D., Red Oak, Iowa. Elvenor T. Ernest, M. D., Topeka, Kansas. Lillian South, M. D., Louisville, Ky. Term Expires 1926 Elizabeth Bass, M. D., New Orleans, La. Barbara Hunt, M. D., Bangor, Maine. Florence W. Duckering, M. D., Boston, Mass. Mabel D. Ordway, M. D., Boston, Mass. Florence Meredith, M. D., Northampton, Mass. Anna Odell, M. D., Detroit, Michigan. Georgine Luden, M. D., Rochester, Minn. Lillian Van A. Young, M. D., St. Louis, Mo. Mary M. Rodney, M. D., Spokane, Washington. Inez C. Philbrick, M. D., Lincoln, Neb. DIRECTORS Marion L. Bugbee, M. D., Concord, N. H. Clara DeH. Krans, M. D., Plainfield, N. J. Mary T. Greene, M. D., Castile, N. Y. Evelyn F. Frisbee, M. D., Alburquerque, N. M. Lousie Hurrell, M. D., Rochester, N. Y. Marry Dunning Rose, M. D., New York City. Harriet L. Doane, M. D., Fulton, N. Y. Term Expires 1927 Anna Gove, M. D., Greensboro, N. C. Margaret Peake, M. D., Grand Forks, N. D. Helena T. Ratterman, M. D., Cincinnati, Ohio. Jessie McGavin, M. D., Portland, Oregon. Margaret F. Butler, M. D., Philadelphia, Pa. Ellen C. Potter, M. D., Harrisburg, Pa. 55 LADIES OF THE MACCABEES Mrs. Frances E. Burns Great Commander The Ladies of the Maccabees is a Fraternal Beneficiary Association, incorporated under the laws of the State of Michigan, with headquarters at Port Huron Mrs. Adelphia Ward of Muskegon, Michigan, fraternally known as "Mother Ward" is the recognized founder of the Order. The society commenced business in 1896 as a voluntary association, auxiliary to the Knights of the Maccabees. Became incorporated in 1891 under a special act of the legislature of Michigan, and subsequently re-incorporated under the Fraternal Beneficiary Act of 1893. The Supreme Law Making Body is called the "Great Hive" composed of representatives from the membership, who meet in triennial session. In the interim its business is managed by a Great Executive Committee composed of its three executive officers and four others elected by the Great Hive. The present members of such committee are: -- Mrs. Frances E. Burns, St. Louis, Michigan, Great Commander since 1896; Dr. Emma E. Bower, Port Huron, Michigan, Great Record Keeper since 1893; Mrs. Carrie E. Torrey, Port Huron, Michigan, Great Finance Keeper; Mrs. Anna O. Holthe, Muskegon, Michigan, Past Great Commander; Mrs. Nora M. Cate, Kalamazoo, Michigan, Great Lieutenant Commander; Mrs. Harriett Williamson, Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Mrs. Rose O'Neal, South Bend, Indiana. Mrs. Carrie E. Torrey Great Finance Keeper The Order issues certificates in amounts of $250.00 or any multiple thereof, to $2,000.00 providing for the payment of death, total, permanent and old age disability benefits on rates based upon the N. F. C. table of mortality. The Order has now over 55,000 members, with a reserved fund of over two and one- half million dollars rapidly increasing. It does business in Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, California, Colorado, Pennsylvania, district of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, and Texas, having over 900 subordinate bodies called "Hives." The Society maintains free hospital beds for care, surgical operation and treatment of its members, in St. Mary's Hospital, Grand Rapids, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hancock, Grace Hospital, Detroit, also a children's bed in the Children's Free Hospital, Detroit, all in the state of Michigan, and is providing for the establishment of free beds in hospitals in each of the states in which it is doing business. The officers of the society have always taken an active interest in women's organizations, and the society is affiliated with the National Council of Women, of which Dr. Emma E. Bower is Treasurer. The National Fraternal Congress of America, National League of Women Voters, Michigan League of Women Voters and Michigan Child Welfare League. 56 LADIES OF THE MACCABEES-Cont. Mrs. Anna O. Holthe Past Great Commander Mrs. Norah M. Cate Great Lieut. Commander The Maccabee Temple at Port Huron, Michigan, is a beautiful structure, erected in 1904 at a cost of upwards of $100,000.00. The business and affairs of the Order are so carefully and justly managed that there is not now, and has not been for more than 12 years past a claim against it pending in any court of any state. Its funds are all invested in high grade securities and not a dollar has ever been lost in either principal or interest. In addition to providing home protection, the Order aims to educate its members along lines of social, economic and home betterment. For further information address communications to Frances E. Burns, St. Louis, Michigan, or Dr. Emma E. Bower, Port Huron, Michigan. Dr. Sara T. Chase Great Medical Examiner Mrs. Harriet Williamson 1st Member Great Executive Committee Emma E. Bower Emma B. Bower Great Record Keeper 57 MAY WRIGHT SEWALL INDIANA COUNCIL OF WOMEN MAY WRIGHT SEWALL Founder. Mrs. Samuel F. Artman Honorary President 58 Mrs. T. F. Louden President On January 4, 1921, at a regular meeting of the Indianapolis Council of Women, the President, Mrs. Samuel R. Artman, read communications from the five Local Councils in Indiana, accepting her invitation to form a State Council of Women. Upon motion it was carried that the Home Council of May Wright Sewall, take the initiative in forming such a Council; January 12th was set for a meeting and on that date representatives of the following organizations: -Bloomington Local Council of Women; Anderson Council of Women, Huntington; Kokomo Humane Society and the Indianapolis Council met at the Y. W. C. A., perfected the organization of the State Council and elected the following officers: President, Mrs. Samuel R. Artman. First Vice-President, Mrs. T. F. Louden. Second Vice-President, Mrs. W. A. Denny. Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. A. E. Butler. Recording Secretary, Mrs. A. J. Clark. Treasurer, Mrs. F. L. Van Petten. Program and Publicity Chairman, Mrs. E. A. Williams. The present officers are: President, Mrs. T. J. Louden. Honorary President, Mrs. Samuel R. Artman. First Vice-President, Mrs. W. A. Denny. Second Vice-President, Mrs. H. M. Butler. Third Vice-President, Mrs. Cora Shelton. Fourth Vice-President, Mrs. J. E. Barcus. Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Edna Hatfield Edmondson. Recording Secretary, Mrs. H. F. Reynolds. Treasurer, Mrs. Edna Pauley. The Local Council of Women of Bloomington, was organized in 1897, incorporated in 1905, and is now composed of forty-seven affiliated clubs. Its greatest financial undertaking has been the building and administration of the Bloomington Hospital which has grown from a small foundation to an institution valued at $150,000 and includes a training school for nurses, the management of the Hospital being in the hands of a Board of twelve members. The child welfare work of the Council is conducted among backward and delinquent children of the community. This year the Council has raised funds to endow a scholarship to be given to a graduate student at Indiana University for practical work in mental hygiene among such children. The Council is now considering the acquisition of a community house. The first state organization to affiliate was the Indorsers of Photoplays, Inc., organized in 1915, with Mrs. David Ross as President. The object of the Indorsers is to bring producers and public into closer relationship, to promote circulation of good pictures, to watch for and encourage all new performers and desirable pictures by writing recommendations to the producers. The Indorsers are regarded in a friendly way by the producers, who frequently consult the organization about bookings and readily agree to the elimination of any objectionable features in pictures. An effort is being made to arrange for regular matinees for children of programs specially planned by the producers. The other state organizations to affiliate were in order: Indiana War Mothers, Mrs. John Huntington, President, Bloomington. Huntington Local Council, Mrs. J. W. Morris, President. Anderson Local Council, Mrs. W. L. Sterrett, President. W. R. C., Dept. of Indiana, Mrs. Nellie Cooper, President, Evansville. Indiana Federated Patrtiotic Societies, Mrs. Edna Pauley, President, Indianapolis. Indiana American Legion Auxiliary, Mrs. Charles E. Coombs, Indiana Societies Daughters of Veterans, Mrs. Matilda Roberts, President, Bloomfield. 59 NATIONAL ALLIANCE DAUGHTER OF VETERANS Mrs. Maybelle Plymire President The National Alliance, Daughters of Veterans, an organization whose membership is limited to the lineal descendants of honorably discharged soldiers, sailors and marines of the Civil War (1861-65), came into being in 1885, the metamorphosis of a group of little girls belonging to a Sunday School class in Massillon, Ohio, all of whose fathers had responded to President Lincoln's call for volunteers. Five years later the ambitious girls, even then few had passed their teens, called a national convention. The objects of the organization primarily were "to assist the Union veterans of the Civil War, their widows and orphans; to perpetuate the memory of our Fathers, their loyalty to the Union and their unselfish sacrifices for its preservation; and to keep alive the history of those who so gallantly defended their country and flag." In 1900 the National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic gave its stamp of approval to the Order and declared it one of the 'official family.' During the past years the duty and privilege of caring for the old soldiers and the Civil War Army Nurses, the helping of Homes (and in some cases the building of them), the erection off monuments, establishing memorials, marking of graves, and teaching patriotism monopolized the major portion of the time and means of the organization, but as the ranks of the old soldiers grow thinner each year sees the Daughters taking a more and more active part in civic work --strictly non-partisan and non-sectarian--a deeper interest in systematic Americanization work, and exercising a watchfulness over the text books used in the public schools. Laws for the protection of women and children have been endorsed, and financial support has been extended to further such endeavors. Among the movements of especial interest have been the Near East, the Boy Scouts, the Camp Fire Girls and Social Service work especially among the children of foreign born parentage. The National President is Mrs. Maybelle Plymire, of San Francisco, and the National Secretary is Mrs. Edna Wadsworth, of Los Angeles. Mrs. Edna Wadsworth Secretary 60 THE LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS Carrie Chapman Catt Originator ORIGIN The League of Women Voters had its origin in the mind of Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt. It was organized in 1919 as an auxiliary to the National American Woman Suffrage Association, it being then evident that the complete enfranchisement of the women of the United States could not be delayed much longer. The organized effort of seventy years was about to be crowned with success. It was natural that the women who had been associated in the endeavor to win the vote should wish for a continuing organization in which they might educate themselves as voting citizens. The League is therefore an outgrowth of, but not the successor to, the woman suffrage association. Women citizens of the twenty-six states in which they were then entitled to vote in presidential elections were eligible to membership, and the first chairman was Mrs. Charles H. Brooks, of Kansas. 61 LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS-Contd. Miss Belle Sherwin President ORGANIZATION As the first national congress of the League, held in Chicago in February, 1920, in connection with the fifty-first and final convention of the National American Woman suffrage Association, the organization was made permanent. The board of directors, then elected, chose as chairman, Mrs. Maude Wood Park, of Massachusetts, the efficient congressional secretary of the national suffrage association. On August 26, 1920, the necessary three-fourths of the states having ratified the Nineteenth Amendment, the Secretary of State proclaimed it part of the constitution of the United States. The League was now enabled to become truly national in scope and to extend organization into all of the states. At the second annual convention, held in Cleveland, Ohio, in April, 1921, the By-Laws were amended to create the office of president, instead of chairman. Mrs. Park was re-elected and continued as president until April, 1924, when she was succeeded by Miss Belle Sherwin, of Ohio. The officers of the League, thirteen in number, are, the president, three vice presidents, secretary, treasurer, and seven regional directors, one for each of the seven groups into which the states are divided for organization purposes. The general officers are elected for terms of two years each by the delegates to the annual convention. The seven regional directors are elected annually by the delegates from their respective regions in the National convention. The general headquarters of the League, from the beginning, have been at the nation's capital, the present location being 532 Seventeenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. The office of the treasurer is at 343 East 50th Street, New York City, and the Department of International Co-operation to Prevent War has is headquarters in the same city -- 1010 Grand Central Terminal Building. State and local leagues are encouraged to maintain offices, equipped for uninterrupted activity and many of them do so. More than a score of State Leagues and as many regional and local branches publish their own official organs. The League is composed of the affiliated state leagues, (of which there may be not more than one from each state) the leagues of the District of Columbia and Hawaii, and two associate members, the National Council of Jewish Women and the Ladies of the Maccabees, national organizations working along similar lines being eligible to such membership. Maud Wood Park First President 62 LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS-Cont. Catherine Ludington Treasurer PURPOSE As originally stated, the object of the League was to foster education in citizenship and support needed legislation. Today, as defined by the By-Laws, the object is, 'to promote education in citizenship, efficiency in government, needed legislation and international co-operation to prevent war." PROGRAM AND POLICY In addition to the above departments and the divisions of legislation and law enforcement, the active interests of the League are indicated by the subjects which are handled by six standing committees in the national organization and corresponding committees in the state leagues. They are, Child Welfare, Education, Legal Status of Women, Living Costs, Social Hygiene, Women in Industry. The League is not a woman's party, nor is it politically partisan. It is not allied with any party, nor is it opposed to any party. It urges women to enroll as voters in the political parties of their choice, but holds that duty to party is secondary to duty to one's country. The League of Women Voters believes that the perfunctory exercise of the vote by a large group recently enfranchised, would tend to complicate present-day problems and that to be effeffctive for the common good, women must use their votes intelligently as well as conscientiously. Its program is therefore designed to help women acquire the wisdom necessary to use their votes towards constructive, social and political ends. The League advocates instruction in the duties of citizenship as a basic part of public education and believes that pending the establishment off such instruction it has a well defined field of usefulness. LEGISLATION Eleven important national measures which the League has supported, and some of which it has initiated, have been passed by the Congress, and 420 bills supported by state leagues were enacted into law within the four- year period ending in the spring of 1924. The largest number of these dealt with child welfare and the next largest with the removal of legal discriminations against women. However, the League is concerned primarily with education and secondarily with legislation. It subscribes to Lincoln's statement * * *" "public sentiment is everything. With public sentiment nothing can fail, without it nothing can succeed. Consequently he who moulds public sentiment goes deeper than he who enacts statutes or announces decisions. He makes statutes and decisions possible or impossible to be executed." Elizabeth Hauser Secretary 63 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN Mary McLeod Bethune President 1924-1926 Perhaps no group has been so profoundly influenced by the world-wide awakening of women as has the Negro group in America. Ascending from slavery, thru toil, hardship, exploitation and cruel misrepresentation, to the heights of service and usefulness which they now occupy has given them a poise and consciousness of strength which has made them a power to be reckoned with in all affairs and programs that have been formulated for and by the women of the world. Their own limitations and sufferings in their upward march, have chastened their spirits, and tempered their sympathies to the appeal of the underprivileged of their own race and the lowly of the earth everywhere. Their program embraces the care and reclamation of wayward girls; the establishing and maintaining of reformatories which states have failed to maintain for Negro citizens and suitable homes for working girls who might find themselves the prey of the most sinister environment in our larger American cities. Other activities in their program of modern social service are the building of Old Folks' Homes, the opening of Day Nurseries, Kindergartens and Orphan Asylums; the maintenance of Social and Community centers and social settlements, and a nationwide program of Child Welfare work. One of the most outstanding achievements has been the raising of money to reclaim and conserve as a memorial and National Shrine, the home of Frederick Douglass at Anacostia, District of Columbia. Money for this great patriotic service was raised by the Negro Club women all over the country. Desiring to have a substantial part in the heroic struggle the youth of the race are making in the face of most discouraging obstacles, to obtain the best that a free democracy can offer in the way of manhood development thru education, the National Association of Colored Women have set themselves to the task of raising a fund of $50,000. to be used as scholarships for worthy Negro students at our leading institutions of learning. No group of women had a heavier responsibility placed upon them by the granting of the suffrage than the Negro women. Again the National Association stepped to the fore and directed the black womanhood of America how to make the best use of their new found power and privilege. All State and Local Clubs conducted meetings and classes for the discussion of national issues, candidates, the ballot system, and the marking and casting of ballots. How well this work was done was demonstrated in the powerful influence of the Colored woman's ballot in the last presidential election. Under the leadership of the National Association, Colored Women are using their votes for better housing conditions, better schools and longer school terms; better prepared teachers with better pay; an equal distribution of taxes; representation in State and National Legislatures; and character and Christian tolerance in the men who are elected to public office. They are active in all efforts at intracial amity and understanding, especially in the South; and they are lending powerful assistance to all agencies for better adjustment of Southern migrants to their new conditions in Northern centers. One hundred thousand Colored women under the inspired leadership of intelligent and consecrated officers are now exerting and as they grow will ever exert an influence upon the thought and achievement of the race that will have to be reckoned with in every field and phase of human progress. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN Honorary Presidents Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, 1315 S St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Miss Elizabeth C. Carter 211 Park Ave., New Bedford, Mass. Mrs. Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Ala. Miss Hallie Q. Brown, Homewood Cottage, Wilberforce, Ohio. *Mrs. Lucy Thurman. *Mrs. Josephine Silone Yates. *Mrs. Mary B. Talbert. 64 NATIONAL ASS'N COLORED WOMEN Mrs. Mary Church Terrell First President National Association of Colored Women's Clubs Miss Elizabeth C. Carter 1908-1912 State Federations, 39; membership, 100,000; departments, 22. North Eastern, President, Miss Elizabeth C. Carter, New Bedford, Mass.; North Western, President, Mrs. Joanna Snowden Porter, Chicago, Illinois; South Eastern, President, Mrs. Marion Wilkinson, Orangeburg, South Carolina. Mrs. Booker T. Washington 1912-1916 Officers, 1924-1926 President-Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, Daytona-Cookman Collegiate Institute, Daytona, Fla. Vice-President-Mrs. Sallie W. Stewart, 700 Lincoln Ave., Evansville, Ind. Chairman of Executive Board-Mrs. Jane Porter Barrett, Peak's Turnout, Va. Corresponding Secretary-Mrs. Lizzie B. Fouse, 219 North Upper St., Lexington, Ky. First Recording Secretary-Mrs. W. T. B. Williams, Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Ala. Second Recording Secretary-Mrs. A. L. Anderson, 113 North Maple St., Duquoin, Ill. Third Recording Secretary-Mrs. J. Frances Pierce, 122 Fillmore St., Nashville, Tenn. Treasurer-Mrs. C. R. McDowell, 1228 Center St., Hannibal, Mo. Organizer-Mrs. Daisy B. Lampkin, 2519 Webster Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. Chairman Ways and Means-Mrs. Pearl L. Winters, 700 H St., Bakersfield, Calif. Parliamentarian-Mrs. Blanche M. Beatty, 1310 Marion St., Tampa, Fla. Auditor-Mrs. M. E. Josenburger, 703 W. 11th St., Fort Smith, Ark. Statistician-Mr. Lawrence C. Jones, Piney Woods Schools, Braxton, Miss. Chaplain-Rev. Mrs. Florence Randolph, 97 Astor Place, Jersey City, N. J. The first National Conference of Colored Women was called by the late Mrs. Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin to meet in Berkeley Hall, Boston, Mass., July, 1895. Out of that Conference grew the NATIONAL FEDERATION OF COLORED WOMEN'S CLUBS. The NATIONAL FEDERATION AND THE NATIONAL LEAGUE, both similar in character and purpose consolidated at WASHINGTON, D. C., July, 1896, resulting in the birth of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN. THE NEXT MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION WILL BE HELD IN OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA, 1926. 65 National Council of Jewish Women --------- Miss Rose Brenner President Mrs. Wm. D, Sparborg First Vice-President President: Rose Brenner of Brooklyn, N. Y. Executive Secretary: Estelle M. Sternberger of New York City. This organization was formed thirty-two years ago, and today includes 52,000 members in 227 constituent Secitions in the United States and Canada. It has summed up its program in this terse phrase: "Social Betterment through religion, philanthropy, education, and civic cooperation." In 1921, the National Council of Jewish Women sent a Unit of social service experts to Europe, to aid communities, into which refugees had crowded and created tremendous problems, to reorganize and reconstruct their social service facilities. One of the beneficial results of this work was the organization of Councils of Jewish Women in several European cities. A Council of Jewish Women has also been formed in Australia. At Vienna, at the invitation of this organization, a World Conference of Jewish Women's Organizations met in 1923, to discuss the problems of the refugee, the immigration question as it affected various countries of the world and other subjects. The Council's survey of the refugee problem in Cuba paved the way fro a program of service which it partially supports. Its quarterly publication, "The Jewish Woman," features world news and the activities of Jewish women's groups in various lands. A weekly release of news and information on activities of the National Council of Jewish Women is issues to periodicals throughout the world. The Council has a special Committee on Foreign Relations, which maintains relations with organizations throughout the world. National Activities The 227 Sections of the National Council of Jewish Women are found in the Untied States and Canada, where the greatest part of its activities is centered. Its program covers 18 distinct fields of service. Among them are two distinct Departments: the Department of Farm and Rural Work. The Department of Immigrant Aid is a very highly organized field of activity. Beginning with its work among immigrants, at the various points of entry, its program outlines the character of service to be rendered to the immigrants in the communities to which they have gone. A monthly bulletin, "The Immigrant,' conveying information on immigration conditions, and suggestions for the local program, is published and distributed among the Council's Section. The Department of Farm and Rural Work has developed its service through state units. It aims to reach the family of the farmer, and especially the women on the farms, to bring to them educational, communal and other social advantages that would otherwise be denied to them because of their isolated situation. A corps of field works in the states supervises and promotes these activities in the rural districts. Wherever possible, the women of neighboring districts are united into Women's Leagues, for a definite program, based on the program for the Council Section, but adjusted to the special conditions of rural life. A Scholarship Fund has been created to train women for the position of rural field worker. Mrs. H. O. Henheimer Mrs. Alexander Wolf Third Vice-President Second Vice-President 66 NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN--Contd. Its Committee on Legislation is in immediate contact with developments affecting Federal legislation, by virtue of its representative on the Women's Joint Congressional Committee. Its Committee on Peace and Arbitration has been very active and effective. The National Council of Jewish Women united with seven other national organization in promoting the Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, which met in Washington, D.C. during the early part of 1925. The Committee on Education devotes special attention the school child, aiding the backward pupil through its "School Friend" plan and encouraging the promising and needy pupil through its Scholarship Fund. In Civic and Communal Affairs, it plays a large role through its co-operation with the National League of Women Voters. Its Social Welfare activities are so extensive that it would be impossible to enumerate them briefly. Fourteen institutions are owned and maintained by Council Sections in various cities, and include homes for girls and neighborhood centres. Vacation camps for families and for working girls, are promoted during the summer. The needs of the Blind and the Deaf receive attention through special national and local committees. Mrs E. M. Stetnberger. Mrs. Leonard A. Hecht Executive Secretary Recording Secretary STATE Through State and Interstate Conferences of Council Sections, the Sections are enabled to meet in annual conference, supplementing the advantages of the national triennial convention. These Conferences promote special programs that are state-wide and interstate in their scope, and have proven valuable for state legislative work. The activities of the State Committees on Farm and Rural Work have already been described above. LOCAL The local Council Sections carry on a program that covers all the fields of Council activity which are directed by the several national Committees. Each Section maintains a comprehensive organization, and is the unit through which the National Council of Jewish Women functions. SPECIAL RECOGNITION Special recognition has been accorded the Council in the following fields: a. The Council is the recognized body acting for the larger group of American Jewish womanhood in America and Abroad. b. The late President Harding expressed special interest in the Council's Rural Work and the Federal Department of Agriculture has accorded it frequent recognition for its service. c. The Council has the distinction of publishing the only Jewish periodical in the world devoted entirely to the interests of Jewish womanhood, namely, "The Jewish Woman." d. The Council's Department of Immigrant Aid was the only social service agency for women at Ellis Island which was recognized by the Federal Government during the period of the war. e. Its exhibit at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in 1925, was awarded a Gold Medal in recognition of its broad program. 67 National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc. Mrs. Lena Lake Forrest Honorary President The National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Incorporated, although organized less than six years ago, holds a unique position among the women's organizations of the United States. It was in July, 1919, that two hundred business and professional women from various sections of the country met in St. Louis to perfect the organization. There was abundant enthusiasm, and the next annual convention held in St. Paul in 1920, brought together representatives from 280 clubs affiliated with the National Federation. At each succeeding convention -- Cleveland, 1921; Chattanooga, 1922; Portland, Oregon, 1923; West Baden, Indiana, 1924 - the number of affiliated clubs has show a substantial growth with large delegotions in attendance. At the 1925 convention, which will be held in Portland, Maine, in July, 575 clubs in forty-seven states and Hawaii will be represented, and many Business and Professional Women of Europe, plan to take part in the International Day program at this time. The slogan of the organization, "Better Business Women for a Better World," struck a popular chord, and men's organizations are co-operating heartily with the Business and Professional Women's Clubs in furthering their programs. At the National Convention in 1922, the educational committee urged that the clubs adopt as their permanent educational work, a continued effort to have a High School education as a basis for all business training," accepted generally. The clubs have made an effort to have girls complete their high school courses before going into business; they have urged business colleges to require the equivalent to a high school course for all graduates. The clubs have established loan funds, many of which have been used to enable girls to continue their high school courses. Scholarship funds have been created by clubs and by State Federations to assist their members and other young women in securing the college courses or technical training necessary to reach their desired goals. President Miss Adelia Prichard 68 Nat. Fed. Bus. and Prof. Women's Clubs -- Contd. A constructive program in lending assistance to the potential business or professional woman in the rural communities has been carried out by many of the clubs. The need for a better fundamental education for advancement in business has long been recognized by men and women in the business world, and this particular educational work on the part of the Federation has been commended by outstanding business executives as filling a long felt need in every community. The legislative work of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs has been conducted in a distinctive way. The policy of the organization has been to endorse such legislation as closely affects business and professional women -- and other bills of broad and vital appeal having the backing of the men's and women's organizations throughout the country. The Federation has been a member of the Women's Joint Congressional Committee at Washington, since its organization and has been represented by its national legislative, Chairman, Miss Mary Stewart of Washington, D. C. Space does not permit a detailed outline of the work of the National Federation and its clubs. Each club establishes itself in the civic, social and economic life of its community. It stands for progress -- progress of the city; progress of people in business; and strives in its enthusiastic way to promote the best interests of the community -- with the slogan in mind -- "Better Business Women for a Better Business World." Clubs have given playgrounds to their communities; one club established the probation work until the county was convinced of its value and took over the "job." One club gave a tuberculosis sanitarium to its city; and from coast to coast may be found concrete evidence of the civic work of the organization. The National Program in the main is conducted by the following standing committees, directed by their chairmen: Membership -- Florence Crawford, Pueblo, Colorado Legislation -- Mary Stewart, Washington, D. C. Publicity -- Mrs. Josephine Forney, Portland, Oregon Finance -- Alice L. Engelhardt, Cincinnati, Ohio Personnel Research -- Margaret Stewart, Ogden Utah Education -- Dr. Iva L. Peters, Baltimore, Maryland Health -- Sophie L. Boellert, Boise, Idaho Program -- Lena M. Phillips, New York City Magazine -- Emma L. P. Hirth, New York City. Pearl H. Matlock, of Kansas City, is Chairman of the National Emblem Committee, and this group is interesting the members in the insignia of the organization. During the convention in St. Louis a little bulletin, CAN HAPPEN was printed daily. From this small beginning has grown the INDEPENDENT WOMAN, the first magazine published for business and professional women, and owned and edited by women. Ida Clyde Clark, launched the magazine, as its first editor, and was followed by Elizabeth Sears. Ruth Rich, of Florida, is now serving as Editor. Gail Laughlin, of California, was the first president, being elected at St. Louis in 1919. Mrs. Lena Lake Forrest, of Detroit, Michigan, was elected in 1920 and served as president for three years. At the Portland, Oregon, Convention, she was elected honorary president of the Federation. Adelia Prichard, of Portland, Oregon, was the next president, and is now rounding out the second year as leader of the National Federation. Other officers this year include: First Vice-President, Mrs. Olive Joy Wright, Cleveland, Ohio. Second Vice-President, Mary L. Johnston, Trenton, N. J. Corresponding Secretary, Lila Ashby, Little Rock, Arkansas Recording Secretary, Chloe Scholes Miller, Tulsa, Oklahoma Treasurer, Mame A. Stevens, Minneapolis, Minnesota Executive Secretary, Emma Dot Partridge, New York City 69 National Federation Of Temple Sisterhoods Mrs. J. Walter Frieburg President The National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods was organized twelve years ago in response to the modern feminist movement. It was formed as a branch of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations and seeks to find a dignified place for woman in the life of the Synagog. As a religious society it is designed to further the religious needs of the Jewish community and to interest women in Jewish and general religious activity. Through its membership of more than fifty thousand women reaching from coast to coast, the National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods has helped even during its brief period of existence, in awakening a deeper religious consciousness in many Jewish communities, The National Federation carries o nits program of activities through ten National Committees. Realizing that the lack of religious influence in American life is largely due to the absence of early training and that the absence of this influence would make for the collapse of civilization, the Federation, through its National Committeee on Student Welfare, is trying to bring the message of religion to the educated Jews and Jewesses of this country. The Committee on Student Welfare urges direct personal contact with the college student. The National Committee on Religion strive to intensify the religious spirit. This Committee functions by encouraging the observance of home ceremonies, the observance of holidays, and publishes an annual Art Calendar, featuring biblical pictures. The Committee on Religious Schools aids in the establishment of schools in rural as well as metropolitan districts, the organization of religious Child Study Circles, Parent-Teachers Classes, etc. The National Committee on Uniongrams has invented a message on special card for purposes of felicitation and condolence. These messages have an appropriate religious significance which emphasize their value to the recipient, and are incidentally a source of revenue to the organization, selling at twenty-five cents a piece. A knowledge of the history of religion is a means of enhancing its significance. The Federation sponsors the Union Museum, and interesting collection of ceremonial objects and are manuscripts dealing with Jewish history and literature. The collection is housed at the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati. The more detailed organization into State Federations is a recent activity. The Committee on State Federations has subdivided the country into districts 70 Federated Dormitory at the Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, Ohio and provided plans wherebey national aims and purposes are furthered. The Committee on Propaganda as its name implies, endeavors to organize new Sisterhoods and increase the local membership. The Committee on Co-operation acts as the Program Committee and through an exchange bureau transmits programs to the various affiliated societies. This Committee besides issuing books of program suggestions, sponsors certain kinds of philanthropic work. This year, a Committee on Peace has been added to the activities of the Federation. Realizing that the "mission of Israel is peace" and that no movement is more important that the promotion of universal peace, the women of the Federation have joined with other religious and civic organizations in aiding this great work. The Federation has recently erected a its own expense, a dormitory Building for the Hebrew Union College of Cincinnati at a cost of $250,000. The money was raised entirely by the women affiliated with the Federation. The Committee on Hebrew Union College Scholarships and Dormitory Maintenance Fund is devoting its efforts to the raising of funds for the maintenance of the Dormitory. The officers of the Federation are: Mrs. Abram Simon, Honorary President, Washington, D. C. Mrs. J Walter Freiberg, President, Cincinnati, Ohio Mrs. Maurice Steinfeld, First Vice-President, St. Louis, Mo. Mrs. Israel Cowen, Second Vice-President, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Sallie Kubie Glauber, Third Vice-President, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Leon Goodman, Fourth Vice-President, Louisville, Ky. Mrs. Adolph Rosenberg, Recording Secretary, Cincinnati, Ohio Rabbi George Zepin, Executive Secretary, Cincinnati, Ohio Miriam W. Dreifus, Assistant Executive Secretary, Cincinnati, Ohio Helen L. Strauss, Field Secretary, Cincinnati, Ohio 71 NATIONAL KINDERGARTEN ASSOCIATION Mrs. Henry Phipps First Vice-President Major BRADLEY MARTIN, President Hon. P. P. CLAXTON, Honorary President Mrs. HENRY PHIPPS, First Vice-President Mrs. CHARLES CARY RUMSEY, Second Vice-President Mrs. ROGER C. ALDRICH, Secretary Miss BESSIE LOCKE, Executive Secretary JULIAN M. GERARD, Treasurer We were organized to champion the little child's right to kindergarten education. Our members hold that every child in the United States has a legitimate claim on the citizens for the influence of that happy wholesome experience. Our Association was incorporated under the laws of the state of New York in 1909, and became the accepted charge of a group of far-seeing, public- spirited men and women who had met at the home of Mrs. Henry Phipps in New York City to consider both the urgency and expediency of this step. Mrs. Phipps was elected First Vice-President, which office she has graced continuously to the present time. Her ever active interest has been an inspiration to her associates, for during the entire period of sixteen years she has never been absent from one meeting of the Board of Directors. We are a very busy society. The laws regarding kindergartens in our forty-eight states differ more or less radically, and while many of them are excellent, some are quite inferior. These inferior laws must be brought to the attention of the people living under them, and then, when they are ready for it, they must be assisted to get better legislation. Local School Boards in the United States have considerable authority and this is almost invariably used for the betterment of school conditions, but there are School Board members who do not realize that the foundation of a child's education is laid before he enters the primary school and that in the kindergarten the foundation stones are so carefully placed that the entire super-structure is greatly benefited. These must be persuaded to try the experiment of making the kindergarten a part of the public school system. Then there are the parents. Sometimes there is a mother or a father who does not know how much good awaits the child in the kindergarten. The reason given for not wishing to send him are usually reasons why he ought to go. These parents must be helped to understand. The newspapers and other publicity channels aid us in our work; we take advantage of the radio and the lecture; we accomplish much through extensive correspondence and personl interviews. We have field secretaries scattered throughout the United States and the other societies comprised in the National Council of Women, as well as the larger men's organizations welcome the opportunity of cooperating with us. Voluntary offerings support our work and, pleased with our achievements, our contributors are each year rallying more generously to our aid. It is our privilege to be affiliated with the National Kindergarten and Elementary College of Chicago, established in 1886, by Miss Elizabeth Harrison, whose writings on child training have been published in many countries. The purpose of the college is "To maintain and conduct a school for educating teachers, parents and others in the science and art of training children and, in general, in the best principles and methods of kindergarten and elementary education." Its hundreds of students come from all parts of the United States, from Europe and from Asia. Excellence in scholarship and idealism has so marked its graduates that it has gained a reputation second to none in our country or abroad. 72 NATIONAL KINDERGARTEN ASS'N-Contd. NATIONAL KINDERGARTEN AND ELEMENTARY COLLEGE EVANSTON ILLINOIS THE WARREN S. HOLMES CO - ARCHITECTS In 1913 the United States Commissioner of Education, Dr. P. P. Claxton, asked the Association to cooperate with him in establishing and maintaining a Kindergarten Division in the Bureau of Education at Washington. We complied with this request and through this affiliation several important studies were conducted and much was accomplished for the betterment of early education. In cooperation with the Government, the Association began the undertaking of furnishing to periodicals articles on Home Education written by parents who had received a kindergartner's training and by other students of child psychology. These articles continue to be in great demand. At the present time, they are read in every state in the Union as well as in Alaska, Hawaii, the Philippines and the Virgin Islands, through the medium of 1,100 newspapers and magazines. Besides this, we have the happiness of sharing them with thirty-nine other countries. We have had many appreciative letters from editors in these countries assuring us of their willingness to translate and print our articles for the reason that so many parents welcome the help they afford. In addition to the influence exerted through the various methods outlined above, which cannot be evaluated, we have to our credit the enactment of progressive kindergarten laws in eight states and the achievements of our field secretaries here tabulated. Opened by our field secretaries...567 kindergartens These kindergartens are located in...351 towns These kindergartens have trained...234,554 children Local school funds spent on these kindergartens...$5,467,702 BESSIE LOCKE, Executive Secretary. 73 NATIONAL SONS OF VETERANS AUXILIARY The Holy Scripture tells us of one Dorcas who lived at Joppa and was full of good works. The National Sons of Veterans' Auxiliary is composed of forty thousand splendid, loyal and patriotic women-all of whom -like Dorcas-are full of good works-which has enabled our organization to reach and maintain a high standard of efficiency and progressiveness. The Sons of Veterans Auxiliary is one of five bodies of patriotic women, recognized by and affiliated with the Grand Army of the Republic, an organization which is known throughout the world as a body of patriotic soldier citizens who served in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865. Membership in the Sons of Veterans Auxiliary comprises all lineal descendants of Union Veterans of the War of the Rebellion, wives of Sons of Veterans, nieces and grandnieces. Organized originally to assist the Sons of Veterans, U. S. A., our good works have entered into all phases of civic and patriotic endeavor. The Grand Army of the Republic, The National Association of Army Nurses, Soldiers' and Sailors' Homes, Hospitals, Schools, Churches, the sick and those who mourn, have all felt the contact of this unselfish body of representative American women, whose watchword is service and whose charity spells love-which seeks no return or acknowledgement of its gifts. The Sons of Veterans Auxiliary was organized in the month of April, 1883, through the efforts of Major A. P. Davis of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A National organization was effected in 1886 and the first national meeting was held at Akron, Ohio, in September, 1887. This meeting completed the real organization work and since that time our Auxiliary has grown steadily and surely, and through the determination and loyalty of its members our National, Division and local bodies are firmly established and have a goodly part in the success and advancement of their communities. In our efforts to teach respect for and appreciation of our flag, we have for many years made special presentations of flags to school houses and other public buildings and each year hundreds of smaller flags are presented and used through the influence of our flag fund, and we feel that the flag of the United States of America is becoming to mean something more to some persons, through our humble efforts in this direction. We also spend large sums of money annually for relief work, patriotic work other than the distribution of flags, and special organization work, and for the past two years we have had gratifying results along these lines through the intensive personal work of our national organizer, Mrs. Cora H. Shelton of Indiana. Americanization work-tho' somewhat in its infancy in our organization-is receiving warm-hearted support. We feel that this work seems to especially belong to an Order like ours, which is dedicated to the principles of inculcating true patriotism among all the people of our country, whether native born or of foreign extraction. In our efforts to do something worthwhile, our National Auxiliary has established a Scholarship Fund for the American International College at Springfield, Massachusetts. The fund is an endowment of five thousand dollars, made possible through the cooperation of local bodies of our Order, and individual members. In addition to this, our Auxiliary has been the means through which bronze tablets containing Lincoln's Gettysburg address have been generously placed in public school houses, and several of our state bodies have established and maintain scholarships in local and state schools and colleges. During the Recent World War-the Auxiliary roll of honor contained the names of many members who had volunteered their services for overseas-especially those members qualified to act as nurses. But the better part of our work was securing funds to equip a fleet of ambulances for use in France. Our members responded generously to this particular appeal and the amount received, added to the funds raised by the Sons of Veterans, U. S. A., was sufficient for our purpose and letters of appreciation received from the United States Government are prized possessions of both organizations. In several states where homes are maintained for Union soldiers, sailors and their orphans, the Sons of Veterans Auxiliary shares the expenses necessarily incurred and regular periods have been arranged to receive our members and their offerings. This is a labor of love and no undue publicity is given to these occasions-and none is desired. 74 SONS OF VETERANS AUXILIARY-Contd. It is not our intention to publish in dollars and cents the results registered by the united efforts of our membership. Suffice it to say that the results have been such that we feel we have justified our claims to recognition as a body of loyal, patriotic women, and that the principles and ideals of the Sons of Veterans Auxiliary are a potent and powerful factor in the work of the country today. With these thoughts in mind-looking backward through the years-we gratefully acknowledge the inspiration gained and advanced year after year through the efforts of that small band of women who met at Philadelphia, Pa., forty-two years ago. They builded better than they knew and today we have a membership of forty-thousand persons-splendid types of American womanhood-comprising five hundred and fifty local organizations. The Sons of the Auxiliary has a local representative body in each state of the United States of America. State units are called Divisions and all are under the jurisdiction and governed by the National organization. Realizing to some extent what has been accomplished in the past-we face the future humbly but happily and whole-heartedly, with a courage born of our faith in our work, in our ideals, and in the principles upon which the Sons of Veterans Auxiliary is founded. We believe that our efforts will be helpful to some degree in making better the common lot of our fellow men-because we feel that a united, determined effort for real service cannot help but succeed-and that a united influence for good must bring a certain measure of worth while results. 75 NATIONAL WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION Frances E. Williard Founder Anna A. Gordon President On her fiftieth birthday the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union found herself in the very prime of life, full of vitality and health, with no hint of age or immaturity. In reminiscent vein she hardened back to the days of her youth. Nine states were represented in the organizing convention of 1874. In the interim between that first convention and the Golden Jubilee Convention in 1924, auxiliaries had been established in every state in the Union, in Alaska, Porto Rico, and the Philippines. In adaptable fashion the official make-up and methods of the National auxiliary in the United States had been followed by all other National auxiliaries in the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union, founded by Frances E. Willard in 1883, the first prototype of the League of Nations. The white ribbon of the Crusaders and their polyglot petitions addressed to the governments of the world, belted the globe. 76 WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION -- Contd. Administration Building The Woman's Christian Temperance Union reaches out into every line of service in the home, social or civic life, and touches every spring of action that can be correlated for humanity's good. Its scope is as wide as the universe and limited only by humanity's need. The four pillars upon which the organization stands are total abstinence, prohibition, purity and peace. On these four hang all the law and the prophets of temperance reform as understood by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Underneath these four are the eternal verities, the bedrock of divine law and order. Co-operating with those of like mind the organization seeks to translate these principles into the social and legal code of our times. Five years under the shadow of the World War brought into genuine fellowship and co-operation a number of the powerful women's organizations of this country. Public opinion having conceded women were a vital factor in securing constitutional prohibition - essentially a social problem touching family life - organized woman power must lift the home to a higher plane with the lever of the ballot and help to stabilize our country as she passes through these years of upheaval. Other organizations of women are turning more and more for co-operation to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union - that pioneer in woman's work for the home - the leading woman's organization in the battle for prohibition and a close second in the struggle for the ballot. Of the many social, civic, religious, patriotic and philanthropic groups of women now nationally organized, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union has an outstanding and inherited obligation to Rest Cottage create public opinion on behalf of law observance, law enforcement and loyal citizenship. In this first half century, the organization has seen such amazing progress that almost anything now seems possible for the next half century. The matchless machinery of the organization was never so indispensable as today. With the achievement of the first great objective, the outlawing of the legalized liquor traffic in the United States and the added prestige and power of the ballot, the program of service has been greatly extended and broadened. To our friends in all the world and to the law nullifiers in our own republic, we confidently broadcast the assertion, "The work of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union is just beginning." OFFICERS NATIONAL WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION of the UNITED STATES Miss Anna A. Gordon, Evanston, Illinois .. President Mrs. Ella A. Boole, 377 Parkside Ave., Bklyn, N. Y., Vice-President Mrs. Frances P. Parks, Evanston, Illinois .. Corresponding Secretary Mrs. Elizabeth P. Anderson, Fargo, N. D. .. Recording Secretary Mrs. Sara H. Hoge, Lincoln, Va .. Assistant Recording Secretary Mrs. Margaret C. Munns, Evanston, Ill. .. Treasurer OFFICERS of the WORLD'S WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION Miss Anna A. Gordon, Evanston, Ill., U. S. A. .. President Miss Dagman Prior, Copenhagen, Denmark .. Vice-President Miss Agnes E. Slack, London, England .. Honorary Secretary Mrs. Blanche Read Johnston, Toronto, Canada .. Honrary Secretary Mrs. Ella A. Boole, Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A. .. Honorary Treasurer 77 NATIONAL WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS Mrs. Grace B. Williard President Mrs. Kate Reed Humphrey Secretary 78 NATIONAL WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS -- Contd. Dissolution of the various Aid Societies, formed during the Civil War for relief work on the battle fields, in hospitals and in the homes of the soldiers, followed the disbandment of the Army. The Grand Army of the Republic, the Union Soldiers of the North, organized at the close of the War, for a decade did everything in their power to aid their unfortunate comrades and their families, but there were no sources of replenishment for the drains upon its treasure, and a call was made to the women of the country. The answer to this call was the organization, in 1883, of the Woman's Relief Corps, whose object is: "To specially aid and assist the Grand Army of the Republic and to perpetuate the memory of their heroic dead. To assist such Union veterans as need help and protection, and to extend needful aid to the widows and orphans. To find them homes and employment, and assure them of sympathy and friends. To cherish and emulate the deeds of our army nurses, and of all loyal women who rendered loving service to our country in her hour of peril. To maintain true allegiance to the United States of America to inculcate lessons of patriotism and encourage the spread of universal liberty and equal rights to all." Material relief was the most urgent need and this was our chief effort until the Government, through its pension system, relieved the pressing needs of the soldier and his family. Since that time the Women's Relief Corps has been able to undertake other patriotic work. Our organization was the first to urge the teaching of patriotism in the public schools, to advocate placing the Flag on every school house in the land, to teach the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag to the Nation in the schools. We have of late years extended this work and are placing the Flag in the churches and Sunday schools. In an effort to honor the memory of the loyal women who served on the battle fields and in the hospitals during the Civil War, we gathered the names of 26,000; this record was turned over to the Government and is preserved in the Red Cross Building in Washington. Homes have been established both for soldiers and for their dependents. In the states of California and Illinois there are State Homes for the wives, mothers, widows, and daughters of soldiers. These homes were established by the Relief Corps but have since been turned over to the states and are operated as State Institutions. In Maine, New York, Indiana, Ohio, and other states, are homes for the soldiers and their wives, all looked after by the Woman's Relief Corps. Andersonville Stockade was purchased by the Relief Corps and presented to the Government as a memorial to the Union Soldiers who lost their lives there. In London is an organization of men who served with our Army during the Civil War, and every Christmas $50.00 is sent to them for a dinner. We also send $25.00 each Christmas to our nurses. We have taken up Americanization as part of our work and lend every possible assistance and encouragement to foreign born who desire to become citizens. We have been active in Near East Relief, having contributed over $6,000; contribution of $1,000 was made to the French Children's League and a substantial amount to the restoration of the Louvain Library. Three scholarships of $5,000 each have been given to the International College by the National Organization, while three State Organizations have done the same, making six scholarships in the International College. Eight of $200 each have been sent to Kentucky and Georgia; six to Lincoln Memorial, one off $5,000. In addition to these, we have taken some twenty-two scholarships in State Universities. Child welfare is one of the newer branches of our work. We cooperate with other organizations, have a membership in the National Child Labor Society and this part year we are specializing in work for crippled children. Since the World War we have cooperated with the American Legion Auxiliary in the rehabilitation of veterans and the care of their dependents and, through the National Organization alone, have expended over $65,000 in addition to the work done by the State organizations. Shell shocked and insane soldiers are our special care. Since our organization we have expended over $6,000,000 in relief work and in placing flowers and flags upon the graves of soldier dead on Memorial Day, which was established by the G. A. R. as a day sacred to the memory of their fallen comrades. We believe in Peace, but not Peace without honor. We are firm in the belief that the greatest preventative of war is preparedness. We are actively opposed to any propaganda or teaching that advocates pacifism or destroys respect for the Government of the United States. The President of this organization is elected annually, no President holding office more than one year. The present incumbent is Mrs. Grace B. Willard of Los Angeles, California, and her Secretary is Mrs. Kate Reed Humphrey of the same city. 79 NATIONAL WOMAN'S RELIEF SOCIETY Mrs. Clarissa S. Williams President The National Woman's Relief Society is a charter member of the National Council of Women, having sent representatives to the original meeting of the Council at Washington, D. C. in 1888. The Society was organized by Joseph Smith, March 17, 1842, in Nauvoo, Illinois, and is an auxiliary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly called the "Mormon" Church. It began with eighteen charter members, and has grown to a present membership of 56,000. The Society was incorporated in 1892, and is now national and international in scope, with general headquarters at Salt Lake City, Utah. The Society is presided over by a General Board, consisting of twenty-three members, with the following officers. Mrs. Clarissa S. Williams, President. Mrs. Jennie B. Knight, 1st Vice President, Mrs. Louise Y. Robison, 2nd Vice President, Mrs. Amy Brown Lyman, General Secretary. The aims of the Society as outlined originally were, briefly: To manifest benevolence, irrespective of creed, To care for the poor, the sick, and unfortunate, To minister where death reigns, To assist in correcting the morals and strengthening the virtues of community life, To foster a love for religion, education, culture and refinement. In the eighty-three years of its existence, the organization has manifested the spirit of its original purposes. Because of local political privileges, the Society became a conspicuous figure in the National Woman's Suffrage Movement, and sent delegates regularly to the National Suffrage Conventions to lend their support to this great cause. One of the features of the Society is Educational work for the benefit of its members. Weekly meetings are held in all the 1356 branches where an outlined course of study is presented. The lessons at present comprise three departments: theology, literature and social service. These lessons are published in the Relief Society Magazine. The course of study has been varied, and has included lessons in health, citizenship parlimentary usage, home economics, home gardening, law enforcement, etc. A late educational development is the cooperation of the Society with the normal schools and colleges in a number of western states in conducting what are known as "Leadership weeks" where special academic and pedagogical courses are given. Mrs. Jennie B. Knight First Vice-President 80 WOMAM'S RELIEF -- Contd. Mrs. Louis Y. Robison Second Vice-President In order to have a medium for setting forth the aims and accomplishments of the women of the Society, a women's paper was established in 1872 known as the Women's Exponent. After forty-two years it was discontinued and the Relief Society Magazine established. This is the official organ of the Society and has a circulation of 26,000. The Society as its name indicates, has always functioned as a philanthropic agency. During the year 1923 the report shows that $97,846.31 was disbursed for charitable purposes. Charity work is under the Almost continuously since the settlement of Utah the Society has conducted courses in health and hygiene, and for twenty years has maintained a school for practical nurses. In many instances the expense of those taking the course being paid by the local societies. It has been the chief aim of the Society in connection with its nursing program to make it possible for people in moderate circumstances to have the benefit of trained help in time of sickness. On various occasions when great disasters have occurred, the Society has contributed wheat and flour. A notable example was the contribution of several carloads of wheat and flour sent to San Francisco at the time of the earthquake and fire. At the time of the World War the Society turned over to the Food Administration, 100,000 bushels of wheat. Believing that the grain-saving movement had accomplished its early mission, and with a view of meeting some present day needs, it was recommended by the general president of the organization, at the close of the war, that the wheat trust fund, amounting to $410,000, be centralized and placed at interest, and this income be used for maternity welfare. In 1875 the mission of saving and storing grain was given especially to the sturdy pioneer women of the Society, with Mrs. Emmeline B. Wells to direct the project, and from that time until during the World War, the Organization had on hand constantly, a large supply of wheat and a substantial wheat fund. Mrs. Amy Brown Lyman General Secretary 81 NEEDLEWORK GUILD OF AMERICA Mrs. John Wood Stewart Founder That the value of the small beginning can never be fully estimated is perhaps no more clearly shown than in the history of The Needlework Guild of America. With no other appeal than the joy of service and the simple plan of "two or more new garments a year" for membership, this organization, which was founded in 1885, has grown from a small nucleus of eight young women Bible students who met weekly to think out life's problems, to a membership of more than a half million. In 1883, at Iwerne, Dorsetshire, England, the foundation was laid for a structure that should bridge the chasm between Waste and Want. The Founder, Lady Wolverton, who was deeply interestd in an Orphan Asylum, showed marked genius in organizing the society, making its machinery of such beautiful simplicity that it could be a burden to no one; the condition of membership, only two new useful articles of clothing a year, being so small a demand that the society became popular immediately. The elements of popularity and steady growth were in its structure - no caste, no sect, no hampering prejudices. In 1885, an American, Mrs. Alanson Hartpence, learned of this charity and brought a report home to Philadelphia. Her niece - then Miss Laura Safford, now Mrs. John Wood Stewart - to whom the plan at once appealed, interested a few young women of her acquaintance, and backed only by clear vision, faith and untiring energy, organized, during the same year, the Needlework Guild of Philadelphia. This was its name for five years, but so rapid was its growth that in 1891 it was changed to The Needlework Guild of America, and in 1896 received its charter. The Needlework Guild of Philadelphia with its Branches in its first year collected 921 garments, and aided ten Philadelphia Institutions, while the last Guild report (1924) shows a collection of upwards of 1,205,000 articles, which benefited more than 7,000 hospitals, homes and similar institutions throughout the United States. The Needlework Guild was established to collect newgarments for outgoing patients off hospitals, inmates of homes and needy individuals, and household linen to equip institutions. A unique feature is that it will accent only new garments, this being based upon faith in the psychologic effect of new garments upon those who are to wear them, or, as someone has aptly put it -- "old garments pauperize, new garments equalize." It was a War Relief Department, which during the World War was a clearing house for thousands of hospital garments and supplies contributed by the branches. When that need no longer existed, assistance in the rehabilitation of the city of St. Quentin, France, followed, and many war orphans were adopted Mrs. George Fales Baker Honorary President 82 NEEDLEWORK GUILD -- Contd. Mrs. Truman H. Newberry President and are still financially aided and provided with clothing by the Branches. The Founder of the Guild and Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, Honorary President of The Needlework Guild of America when the United States entered the war, have been decorated by the French Government. Our American organization has aided in establishing two flourishing Needlework Guilds in France, one in Scotland, and one in Canada, and has a Branch in Honolulu and two Branches devoted exclusively to helping the Granfell Mission in Labrador, where the greatest hardship and privation were experienced by the hard-working fisher-folk previous to the work of the Guild, which has greatly ameliorated conditions by providing warm, substantial clothing especially suited to the needs of the people. From the beginning children have been encouraged to join the Guild, but of recent years even more vigorous efforts to develop this feature have been adopted. The Camp Fire Girls are affiliated with The Needlework Guild of America and the Girl Scouts are becoming increasingly interested. The present strength of this element, however, lies in the Guild's own Junior Auxiliaries, which are growing in membership with each year. What are the Guild's aims and aspirations? Probably the central thought in the minds of those who have served it longest and best is to spread its gospel to every large city throughout the country and that it shall be known in every village and town. To this end its members have been working during the past year for the establishment of a permanent fund, which shall aid in the extension of the work and be a fitting memorial to its forty years of service. It comes as a "Thank Offering" from the Branches in recognition of the Guild's usefulness to the individual, the institution, the town and the city, and in times of national and international disaster. The present officers of the The Needlework Guild of America are: Founder, Mrs. John Wood Stewart, New York City; Honorary President, Mrs. George Fales Baker, Philadelphia; President, Mrs. Truman H. Newberry, Detroit, Michigan; Vice-Presidents, Dr. Kate Waller Barrett, Alexandria, Virginia; Mrs. Oliver S. Keely, Roxborough, Philadelphia; Mrs. George G. Shaw, Dayton, Ohio; Mrs. John Leale, San Francisco, California; Recording Secretary, Miss Eliza R. Ridgway; Treasurer, Mrs. Morris Wilson; Executive Secretary, Miss Rosamond K. Bender. War Relief Department; Mrs. John Wood Stewart, Chairman, Room 1010, 70 Fifth avenue, New York City. Madam Henri Focillon, 26 Rue Des Fosses St., Jacques, Paris, Foreign Representative. Dr. Kate Waller Barrett Vice-President 83 OSTEOPATHIC WOMEN'S NATIONAL ASSOCIATION Jeanette Hubbard Bolles President Josephine L. Pierce Honorary President 84 Roberta Wimer-Ford Honorary President Bringing together in council, not individuals, but associations of women, so that spheres of influence are extended and the bodies are enabled to work together for some specific object." The Osteopathic women of the world have been contributing factors in the big movement for the welfare of women and children. In 1914 the American Osteopathic Association organized a Women's Bureau of Public Health. This Bureau promoted an extensive program of health education is practically every state of the Union, as well as Canada. In 1920, this group enlarged its scope and became organized as the Osteopathic Women's National Association. It is now federated with the National Council of Women, the General Federation of Women's Clubs and affiliated with the National Association of Travellers' Aid Society. Twenty-five states are organized, and the number of local clubs is steadily increasing. The activities of the O. W. N. A., include Public Health work as conducting and maintaining free clinics, conducting Health Conferences for children and for women; assisting in the examinations of school children and the formation of Nutrition Classes. Health Education is promoted by means of Lectures, Talks, and Demonstrations on the value and importance of inculcating the proper health habits in the early years, and teaching adults as well as children some of the first principles in the rational care of the machine we call the body. In legislative work we have endorsed and worked for all measures affecting public health and for the betterment of women and children. Therefore in thus being banded together, in the strength of the united womanhood of our profession, we are enabled to continue to work for the health, happiness and righteousness of our various communities, which is our reason for being. COMMITTEE Jeanette Hubbard Bolles, Pres. Josephine L. Pierce, Hon. Pres. Roberta Wimer-Ford, Hon. Pres. 85 RHODE ISLAND COUNCIL OF WOMEN Mary M. Eldridge 1892 Providence Society for Organizing Charity organized as a result of conferences and mass meeting conducted by Council. Intensive study of problems of moral surroundings and sanitary conditions in establishments where women were employed as preliminary step in campaign for State Factory Inspector. First steps in State Child Labor movement. Council endeavored to have legal working age (then 10 years) raised to 12 years, and succeeded in this after much legislative campaigning. Consumers’ League of Rhode Island organized as a result of Council’s investigation of the manufacture of cheap clothing in tenement houses. 1893 Passage of police matron bill accomplished after five years, work. Bill provides that matrons be employed in police stations in all cities of State. 1895 Efforts made to have women appointed members of school boards. 1897-1900 Committee working with State Board of Health for city ordinance prohibiting expectoration in public places. 1898 Cooperation with other agencies in work for passage of Juvenile Court bill. 1899 Council inaugurated its “world peace” policy by calling first Peace Meeting under auspices of women’s societies of State. From that time these meetings have been a yearly feature of Council work. 1896 Beginning of fourteen-year drive for adequate State care of feeble minded. Survey of feeble minded in State. 1903 Recurrence of Child Labor problem. Legislative work to raise legal working age to 14 years. 1906 Dexter Asylum Improvement campaign launched. 1907. Law providing for Exeter School passed. 1908 Exeter School built. 1910 Law passed raising legal working age to 14 years. 1912 General Assembly authorized City Council to appropriate $75,000 “for improvements at Dexter Asylum.” 1914 Improvements at Dexter Asylum accomplished. 1914-’15-’16. Work for appointment of women on State Board of Education, improved milk legislation, juvenile court, prohibiting boys under fourteen from selling on the streets, additional probation officers, jail libraries, and peace meetings. 1917 Council announced its war policy—to make itself a clearing house for authentic information concerning war relief work. Cooperated through committees with organizations carrying on various types of war work. 1918 Study of Americanization question. Cooperation with State and City Americanization committees. Petitioned State Legislature to adopt Federal Prohibition Amendment. 1919 Endorsed Proposal for a League of Nations. Protest against curtailment of appropriations for Health Department of Providence Public Schools. Investigation of attendance of children at motion pictures during school hours. 86 1920 Emphasis of educational work along civic lines. Current events course. Campaign for better enforcement of State Laws relating to social hygiene, resulting in a concerted effort of the women of Rhode Island, under the leadership of the Council to secure an appropriation of $10,000 for Bureau of Venereal Diseases in the State Board of Health. Cooperation and financial assistance in survey of Industrial Conditions affecting women in Rhode Island. Passage of Venereal Disease bill, with appropriation of $5,000. Cooperation with woman’s committee for World Disarmament to create public sentiment in favor of calling an international conference looking toward a reduction of world armaments. 1921 Women’s Joint Legislative Committee of Rhode Island launched by Council. 1922 Peace work. Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead, internationally known peace advocate, spent two days in Rhode Island under auspices of Council. 1923 Movement for more police women in R. I. started by the Council. 1924 Under the auspices of the Council, special work for police women with officials of six cities. Council called committee which arranged for big mass meeting from which the Woman’s Law Enforcement Committee of R. I. was launched. Council Idea. “Association of varied interests—not the extension of any single movement. 87 SERVICE STAR LEGION, Inc. During the dark days of 1917-18, when the mother and woman heart of the Nation was torn by agony, suspense and sometimes rebellion, when all social barriers were down and the nation's cause a common one, women all over the country banded together in groups to show their love for America, to give service and to help in every possible way to preserve world democracy. So general was this spontaneous grouping all over the United States, under various names, that in September, 1918, one of these groups called a convention at Evansville, Indiana. Representatives from twenty- three states responded and formed a National organization, known as the War Mothers of America. One year later they invited all similar organizations to meet with them in their second convention at Baltimore, Maryland. Those present realized the importance of forming one large patriotic organization with the result that ten other organizations affiliated with the War Mothers of America and adopted a new name, "Service Star Legion.' This name was suggested by the sentiment held fro the Service Flag which hung in their windows during the Service men's absence from home. Their loyalty and co-operation since has made the Service Star Legion the largest independent woman's organization that has come out of the World War, and in point of service they are the oldest of either men or women's organization. The purposes of the Service Star Legion are represented by the five points in the star, namely: Sisterhood, Education, Relief, Remembrance and Vigilance. As outlined in our National Constitution our objects are: 1. To promote and guard the welfare of the soldiers, sailors, and marines who were engaged in the World War, and to lend aid and comfort to their families. 2. To preserve and cherish the memory of the men and women who sacrificed their lives for the liberty of the world. 3. To foster a spirit of sisterhood and democracy among women. 4. To co-operate in all civic and patriotic work. 5. To protect and preserve American ideals and traditions. The Service Star Legion was incorporated under the laws of Maryland in 1920, and operates through State Divisions and local chapters. In the "Gold Star Division" are listed the names of the women whose relatives gave their lives for the liberty of the world. One session at each convention is a Remembrance Hour to pay honor to these Gold Star families and to the men who sacrificed their lives. Service Star Legion led the whole country in the idea of planting a grove of trees in memory of our heroic dead. Our Memorial Grove at Druid Hill Park, Baltimore, Maryland -- one tree for each state in the union and one for each of our five Allies. We initiated the sale of poppies, and the first drive was put on in Baltimore. Marshal Foch presented us a silk flag from the grateful French people for that effort. In Chicago our Mrs. Murray thought out the plan of gardens for shell shocked soldiers, persuaded the physicians to try it, gave the seeds, implements, then rustic benches and shelters, and finally a bird bath and beautiful sun dial for their lovely gardens. Best of all it has helped many an ex-soldier back to health and strength. From Chicago too comes our Mrs. Bentley, the only woman appointed on the Battle Monuments Commission, with General Pershing, Senator Reed, Congressman Hill, a Naval man and a member from the American Legion and the Veterans of Foreign Wars. The Commission visited the battle fields in France last June and decided to replace the wooden crosses in the cemeteries with marble ones and to build chapels in each American Cemetery over there. Our relief work answers many calls, -- from the hospitals to the families of the soldiers. Many a poor lad has received his compensation, has been cheered and helped by our motherly hearts. Our Educational Loan Fund has a fine start and in one case gave a soldier's sister her education in commercial art. We want to see it grow. Our membership on the Women's Joint Congressional Committee has brought us in touch with peace programs, educational and patriotic endeavors. Your president had the honor of appearing before and speaking to the President and the Foreign Relations' Committee on the World Court proposal. Our advice and help has been sought on national problems, connected with the ex-soldier and questions relative to women and children. We have been asked to serve on national boards. 88 SERVICE STAR LEGION-Contd. We have planted many memorial trees, erected many lovely memorials-in buildings, in flags and flag staffs, in monuments, in planting and perpetuating gold stars of flowers in parks and on capital grounds. We have distributed thousands of flag codes to teach respect for our flag. We have had a ship christened Service Star Legion, a sister ship to one named for the American Legion. We are having our ceremonial pin reproduced in bronze, and have permission to place it in the trophy room at Arlington Ampitheatre. We belong to the International Council of Women. We have a good monthly publication, The Service Star. Service Star Legion realizes that the only priceless monument we can establish to the memory of the fallen heroes of any war will be the realization of permanent peace. If the heroes of the World War fought to end war, we can defend the ideals for which they fought in no other way than to educate the world for Peace. We have a vision of a sweeter conception of real sister- hood among women, a united America under true patriotic education, always vigilant in word and deed, personally and nationally, every needy and wounded ex-soldier and his family cared for and made to feel that his sacrifices were worth while, and some form of memorial in every hamlet in the land, as a lasting tribute to those who gave their all. Mrs. Max Mayer, one of the most brilliant women speakers in the country, is chairman of Education and is a real teacher of safe and sane methods to attain this end. If we could send her to every state in the Union, where she could reach every woman who so loyally worked under the Service Flag and unite these forces, what a power for good Service Star Legion would become. 89 SOUTHERN WOMEN'S EDUCATIONAL ALLIANCE 401 GRACE - AMERICAN BLDG., RICHMOND, VA. 506 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BLDG., ATLANTA GA. 598 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK CITY (SEASONAL). ----- PURPOSE, Educational and Vocational Guidance and Research ---- "Nothing is so destructive to health and happiness as the necessity of grinding at uncongenial tasks. And nothing tends more definitely to develop character and open the heart and the mind and the soul than work joyfully done." The function of the Alliance may briefly be defined as "A clearing house information about educational and vocational opportunity for girls in the South, helping them to find the education and the vocation best suited to them individually and pointing the way out for them, to get it." The work is done through personal interviews and correspondence; in rural districts, through schools and personal visits to homes and talks with girls and their parents; in college and universities, by a definite program of service. Dr. O. Latham Batcher President. Southern Woman's Educational Alliance Its purpose necessitates occupational investigation for finding out actual conditions in the South. Applying this for helping girls and women to secure the right general education; also to select, prepare for and succeed in the right occupation. It is reaching out into rural districts to help girls there meet their especially acute educational and vocational needs. It is providing special aids also to girls in Southern colleges for finding themselves later in the world of work. Mrs. Samuel M. Inman President, Atlanta Branch 90 Southern Women's Educational Alliance ---- GENERAL EXECUTIVE BOARD President, O. Latham Hatcher Vice-President, Dr. Margaret P. Kuyk Secretary, May L. Killer Treasurere, Mrs. J. K. Bowman ---- President, D. R. Anderson Randolph-Macon Woman's College Mrs. John A. Barker Richmond Mrs. S. Laurence Bodine Philadelphia Dean Pierce Butler H. Sophie Newcomb College Mrs. Robert W. Claiborne, Jr. New York City Mrs. G. Harvey Clarke President Ada Comstock Radcliffe College Mrs. Charles A. Conklin Atlanta Mrs. A. F. Cook Richmond President William P. Few Duke University Miss Mary S. Gammon Knoxville Mrs. Charles Dana Gibson New York City Miss Rachel E. Gregg New York City President W. W. Guth Goucher College Dr. Haidee Weeks Guthrie New Orleans Mrs. Frank E. Hagemeyer N. Y. City Mrs. O. M. Harcum Harcum School Superintendent Harris Hart Richmond Dr. H. H. Hibbs, Jr. Richmond Mrs. Samuel M. Inman Atlanta President D. B. Johnson Winthrop College Mrs. William G. Kreighoff Philadelphia President H. N. MacCracken Vassar College Dean Charles G. Maphis University of Virginia Dr. J. R. McCain Agness Scott College President Emilie W. McVea Sweet Briar College Mrs. B. Frank Mebane Spray, N. C. Dr. E. C. L. Miller Medical College of Va. Dr. S. C. Mitchell University of Richmond Mrs. F. J. Buffington Chicago Mrs. Dexter Otey Lynchburg Mrs. John K. Ottley Atlanta Miss Lena Madesin Phillips New York City Dean Florence Purington Mount Holyoke College Dr. W. Carson Ryan, Jr. Swarthmore College Dr. W. T. Sanger Richmond Miss Francis B. Scott Richmond Miss Mary Stewart Washington, D. C. Mrs. Charles N. Strotz Chicago Miss Eugenia Wallace New York City Mrs. Channing M. Ward Richmond Mrs. Charles W. Wetmore Washington Mrs. Woodrow Wilson Washington Mrs. E. J. Buffington President, Chicago Branch Mrs. Charles Dana Gibson President, New York Branch 91 SUPREME FOREST __ WOODMEN CIRCLE Mrs. Mary E. La Rocca President The Supreme Forest Woodmen Circle, with headquarters at Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A., is a Fraternal Benefit Society managed by women. It was organized in 1891. The first National President was Mrs. Mae Falkenburg, serving but a short time when Mrs. Mary J. Huse was elected. In 1899 Mrs. Emma B. Manchester was elected and served as National President for a period of twenty years. During her administration through the combined efforts and cooperation of her Associate Officers the Society was placed upon a splendid financial basis. In July the present National President, Mrs. Mary E. La Rocca, was elected and is now the head of one of the greatest Women's Organizations in the world. She served as Director and as Vice-President covering a period of eighteen years, and this, in addition to wide experience in connection with Church, Club, and welfare activities fitted her admirably for the great work she is doing. The same Convention that placed Mrs. La Rocca in charge of the two hundred thirty-four thousand members of this Society made an adjustment of rates and so the first two years of her administration were years of reconstruction, placing the Society on a one hundred per cent solvency basis. The Society now has in force more than one hundred thirty million dollars of insurance upon its membership, and has paid out in benefits seventeen million five hundred thousand dollars, with present assets of more than fifteen million five hundred thousand dollars. It has juvenile insurance of over one million, five hundred twenty-one thousand dollars in force, and has invested in municipal, county and school bonds more than fifteen million dollars. In addition to these business features the membership of the Supreme Forest Woodmen Circle is interested in all child welfare work and the conservation of child life, and also assists whenever possible in the solving of civic problems. At the present time a "City of Homes" for aged members and for orphaned children is being planned with the idea of giving care and comfort to those who have given their strength in service for others, and to rear and educate children for lives of usefulness and service in the years to come, feeling that the children of today are looking to the Fraternalists of this age, and are justified in expecting a training formerly unequalled, because of the educational advantages and unparalleled opportunities for service now available. There should be no need of emphasizing patriotic zeal, there should be no turning from high ideals, but the membership of the Supreme Forest Woodmen Circle is ever alert to the necessity for higher standards for citizenship and through its lodge feature promotes the facilities for building, not only a greater Society, but a greater and more valiant Nation. 92 YOUNG WOMEN' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION The National Board of the Y.W.C.A. no only helps girls and women to solve their daily problems of self-support and to develop in their daily lives the highest powers within them, but it strives to give them a broad vision of world citizenship and their responsibilities. World peace is one of the outstanding features of the general 1925 program. The following international issues have been chosen for national organizational broadcasting to the local associations, the Permanent Court of International Justice, the League of Nations; the calling of an educational conference; the specific education for peace; and the use of open diplomacy in the conduct of foreign affairs. Briefly this world peace and citizenship programme has its practical and workable outlet through the following channels. 1. Local Associations can be urged to plan discussion and lecture courses and public forums for the informing of their membership on subjects relating to international cooperation and world peace. 2. Summer conferences that yearly attract 10,000 girls and women to a ten-day attendance, have included many series of international addresses as well as opportunities for discussion of world issues in citizenship classes. 3. American support of Y. W. C. A. work in foreign countries has been used as a foundation for enduring international friendships and the development of a spirit of racial understanding, local, national and world wide in its scope. 4. The Y.W.C.A. work among foreign students in colleges and universities in this country, the international centers for foreign born women, and the migration work for girls and women of other countries migrating to other parts of the world, have all proven fruitful soil for the cultivation of international understanding. 5. Cooperation with the peace program of other organizations has been given whenever possible, and their output kept before the Y.W.C.A. membership. 6. As racial friendship builders the Associations abroad are helping to heal many racial scars of distrust and hatred. The harmonious intermingling and joined hands of girls of different nationalities in lands where generations of race antagonism hithertofore separated them is believed by the associations to be one of its most constructive phases of the future. 7. Sister Associations in other lands have American secretaries partly or wholly supported by youthful local Y.W.C.A. members in America. From self-denial, fetes and other money-raising activities of their own, they give that their sisters across the sea may share their advantages and opportunities. Correspondence and visits home on furlough by Y. W. C. A. secretaries help to keep this link of friendship warm, alive and personal. The Y. W. C. A. has an increasingly solid foundation and growing support and recognition in communities the world over. While the new year 1925 is still young (February, 1925), two things of significance have already occurred. In Trenton, N. J ., Mrs. J. S. Dunham, chairman of the Trenton Y. W. C. A., has been chosen as the first citizen of Trenton in 1924 and granted a public service cup by Governor Silzer of New Jersey in recognition of her public service. Yesterday news was received from Honolulu that the $350,000 campaign for a new Y. W. C. A. building to house the activities now badly congested by the 25 nationalities in its membership has swept within a short three-day period well over the allotted sum asked. The campaign had the warm endorsement of Governor Wallace R. Farmington of Hawaii and Mayor Wilson of Honolulu. To win such dual recognition with half the world between is no overnight achievement. It is the by-product of years of service to the girls of the world to be continued, strengthened it is hoped, by the programme of 1925. Officers of the National Board for 1925 are:— Mrs. Robert E. Speer, President Mrs. John French, Chairman Executive Committee. Miss Clara S. Reed, First Vice-President. Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Second Vice-President. Miss Katharine Lambert, Secretary. Mrs. Samuel Murtland, Treasurer. Mrs. George W. Davidson, Assistant Treasurer. Purpose of the National Board. "The immediate purpose of this organization shall be to unite in one body the Young Women's Christian Associations of the United States; to establish, develop and unify such Associations; to participate in the work of the World's Young Women's Christian Association; to advance the physical, social, intellectual, moral and spiritual interests of young women. The ultimate purpose of all its efforts shall be to seek to bring young women to such a knowledge of Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord and as shall mean for the individual young women fulness of life and development of character, and shall make the organization as a whole effective agency in the bringing in of the Kingdom of God among young women." 93 YOUNG LADIES MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION Elmina S. Taylor First President Martha Horne Tigney President 94 YOUNG LADIES MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION—Contd. This is one of the five auxiliary organizations of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It owes its origin to President Brigham Young, in whose home the initial meeting was held November 28, 1869, and an organization effected with officers chosen among his daughters. On June 19, 1880, the General Board came into existence, the first president being Elmina S. Taylor, who continued in office until her demise in 1904, when she was succeeded by Mrs. Martha Horne Tingey, the present President. There are at the present time abut 1,000 local organizations, with a membership of approximately 45,000 with branches in many states and foreign countries. When the National Council of Women was organized in 1888, the three "Mormon" women's organizations were invited to send representatives and all three gladly accepted. Two of these, The Relief Association and the Young Ladies' Mutual Improvement Association became charter members and have been actively associated ever since. The purpose of the organization, as President Young expressed it, was "to retrench in everything that is bad and worthless, and improve in everything that is good and beautiful." With the years this aim has unfolded and developed. The spiritual needs of members still receive first consideration, but much importance is also attached to those of a physical and mental character. The supervisory control within the organization is classified as follows: (a) A General Board, having jurisdiction over all its organizations. (b) Stake Boards, having immediate direction of all the Association work within the respective Stakes. (c) Local Officers, whose duties are to carry out the plans and work as outlined. Each of the three divisions of officers, are divided into committees, who are given the responsibility of supervising special lines of work. During eight months of the year the local associations meet regularly each week. There are four departments, and for each a course of study is furnished to the local associations through the medium of the official organ, the Young Woman's Journal. A special hand book is provided for the Bee-Hive Girls, the work being similar to that taken up by Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls. To the Young Men's and the Young Ladies' Mutual Improvement Associations has been assigned supervision over the general recreational activities of the Church and particularly of the young people. To carry forward this work, special committees have been appointed on the General Boards, and in the local associations. Trained field workers are employed who are assisted by volunteer workers numbering several thousand. For intensive study and training in recreation and other lines of activity, institutes are frequently held and special courses in leadership are given. Music forms a pleasing as well as educational feature of the Association activities. Community or congregational singing, both of a sacred and secular nature, has been promoted from the beginning. The introduction of music into general class activities, the organization of various musical groups,, both vocal and instrumental, has always been encouraged. In Salt Lake City is organized a Girl's Band. Special efforts, such as presentation of Operettas, Cantatas, etc., and contests are introduced frequently. In order to encourage a closer comradeship and more sympathetic understanding between mothers and daughters, the Association program provides for a Mothers' and Daughters' day as a feature of summer activity and this event is becoming a popular and beneficial one to all concerned. Summer homes for girls is a comparatively new field for us, but a few have already been established and are arousing interest. The historic Bee-Hive house, was given over by the Presidency of the Church to us in 1920, to be used as a home for working girls, where they are supplied at moderate cost with the comforts of a well equipped home and enjoy the advice and support of a big hearted, understanding house mother. About 70 girls are cared for here and in the annex adjoining. In connection with this home the Association has, for the past four years, employed a woman to give Travelers' Aids service at the Interurban Railway Station, no official civic worker having been appointment at this depot. The Annual Conference in June of this year, will be in the nature of a Jubilee, in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Young Men's Organization, in which the Association will join. 95 This Book Compiled, Arranged and Produced by V. E. SCOTT & CO. 342 Madison Ave. New York City The Mayflower Washington, D. C. A Superbly Appointed Institution in Keeping with the Beauty and Grandeur of the Nation's Capital CONNECTICUT AVENUE Between the White House and Dupont Circle Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.