SUBJECT FILE Inter-Racial Committee of The District of Columbia, 1930-41 MEMO M 229 Treasurer’s Book n.a.a.c.p. Inter-Racial Com. Washington D.C. Receipts Margaret Jones 1.00 Miss Merritt (donation) 6.00 Dr. Viola Anderson 5.00 Gertrude Stone .55 Charlotte Atwood .50 Collection from Committee 9.35 A.V.G. Hilyer, Treas 22.40 May 18 Bal on hand* 12.35 June 11/36 Flowers & card for Mr & Mrs. Russell 1.35 Bal on hand 11.00 Page 1 Expenditures 11/12/35 Flowers (Mrs Clifford) 3.00 2/27/35 Stamps (Mrs Stone .55 2/19/35 Cards (Miss Atwood) .50 7/4/34 Minute book (Atwood) 5.00 Oct 8/35 Flowers (Mr Russell) 1.00 May Bal on hand *12.35 22.40 Bal brot 11.00 Page 2 Page 3 Receipts - Jan. 6_ 1937 Mrs. Hilyer Ex Treasurer & Treasurer 11.00 ——— Mr. C. E. Russell 1.00 Mrs. Cohen 1.00 Mrs. Brawley 1.00 Mrs. Terrell 1.00 Mr. Herring 1.00 Miss Frasier 1 00 Mrs. Stone [Page 3] 1.00 Miss Jones 1.00 Dr. Hilyer 1.00 Mr. Brooks 1.00 Dr. Davis 1.00 Mr. H.B. Taylor. 1.00 Mrs. W. S. Thompson 1.00 Mr. Harlan Glazier 5.00 Washington Socialist Local 5.00 June 25 '36 Page 4 Jan.12, 37 Washington Teachers Union 5.00 Oct. 29-36 John F. Cook Parents Teachers Asso $5.00 C. E. Russell Oct 31_36 5.00 Dr. Sarah Brown 2.00 Faush Temple Elks Nov. 4_36 10.00 ——— Total for Publishing Report $50.00 Expenditures - Check to Mr. Glazier Nov. 23_36 35.00 " " " " Jan 9 37 7.00 " " " " Feb. 12 37 10.00 " " Mrs. Thompson Feb 12 7.50 ——— Total paid for Publishing Report $59.50 Total Received for Printing $50.00 ——— Total Paid for Printing $59.50 Total Deficit for Printing $9.50 Total Amount in Treasury $11.00 Balance due for Printing 9.50 ——— Balance in Treasury Feb. 12_1937 $1.50 Page 5 The following checks for defraying the publication of the pamphlet "Brutality Earthbound" have been received by the Treasurer of the Interracial Committee of the District of Columbia and have been given to Mrs. M.S. Thompson, Secretary-Treasurer of Joint Committee for Civil Rights in District of Columbia. Rev. H. B. Taylor 15th St. Presbyterian Chr 4-12-37 5.00 Mr. S. Thompson, Bloomingdale C[?] also 4-10-37 1.50 Lincoln Temple Church by Rev. Brooks 2.00 Cash - Daisy Frasier 1.00 Rev. Whitfield 1.00 2.00 Sadie [?Hyman] by Charles Edward Russell 3.00 April 16 - 1937 - Total 13.50 Page 6 "contributions by members of [?] Racial Committee May -19 - R $12.35 - Check to [?] M. S. Thompson $5.00 Dis for [?] [?] for Civil rights in D.C. Check from [?] Edelman via C.E. Russell $5.00 Check to [?] Frazier for sum [?] -$10.00 Dis for Education Bill Balance brought forward $1.50- Total Receipts $18.85 Total Disbursement $15.00 Balance on Hand May 25 $3.85 -June 25 Check from College Alumnae Club 5.00 Balance June 2 - 1937 $8.85 Check Y.M.C.A. Nov 19' 37 5.00 Balance on hand """ $3.85 x disbursements Page 8 March 14 — 1938 Brit. forward — 3.85 Checks From (received) (1-4-38) M.S. Thompson 45.15 (Joint Com. for Civil Rights) (12-8-37) Daisy Frazier 1.00 ——— 50.00 Check to - D.A. Wilkeney Howard U. 40.00 ——— Balance $10.00 Page 9 At a meeting held May 4th Miss Daisy Frazier reported that during the treasurer's [???ess?] January the following contributions had been made for publishing pamphlet No Negro Need Apply Dr. Sarah Brown $1.00 Mrs Herron $1.00 Dr. Shoemaker $1.00 Mrs. Stone $1.00 Miss Seling 1.00 Dr. Hilyer 1.00 Mr. Nixon 1.00 Mr. Lovett 1.00 Miss Howard 1.00 Dr. Cromwell 5.00 14.00 Miss Frazier gave a check for $16.75 to Mr. Glasier to pay printer. Due Miss Frazier 2.75 May 4-1938 Page 10 Brought forward $10.00 Due Miss Frazier 2.75 Balance $7.85 Contributed to pay indebtedness to Mr. Russell- Miss Frazier 1.00 Mrs. Terrell 1.00 Total Contribution 7.00 Miss [Tyr?on] (May 6) 1.00 Mrs Hilyer (May 11) 2.00 Balance in treasury 7.80 May 11-1938 19.40 Check to Mr. Russell 18.50 Balance .95 Page 11 Brought forward Day 11-1938 $0.95 Check returned by Mr. Russell Day 12, 1938 Page 13 Brought Forward Feb. 17_'40 $30.70 Check from Mr. Russell Mar. 27 '40 $5.00 Check from Dr. Brown Mar 27 5.00 from Mrs. Thomas Mar 27 1.00 $41.70 Check to Mr. Glazier for Pamphlet "Keep 'Em Alive!" $39.00 Balance in Treasury March 27-1940 $2.70 Check from Mrs. Frazier 1.00 Balance in Treasury Mar. 28 $3.70 Nov 6 The final balance of the bouquet from Mrs. Hilyer $9.35 Balance on hand Nov 6, '40 $13.05 check from Mrs. Hilyer 3.00 Nov. 14, 1940 Check to Defense League $16.05 for Odell Zoaller Balance on hand 5.00 Nov 14, 1940 $11.05 Page 14 Brought forward Jan 8. 1941 $11.05 Check to Dr. Hilyer for printing $10.00 Protest meeting $1.05 Balance Jan. 8, 1941 Contributions $1.00 from Jan 8, 1941 Mrs. Cohan Mrs Thomas (check) Miss Frazier Mr Osborne Mrs. Terrell Mr. Osborne Check for $1.00 from Rep (check) H.B. Taylor Mr. Herring .50 Collections .50 Balance Jan 8, 1941 $9.05 Check from Dr. Russell Jan 10 5.00 Balance Jan. 10, 1941 $14.05 Page 15 Jan 17, 1941 Balance Brought Forward $14.05 Check to Miss Susie B Green $11.50 Jan. 17-for printing Mass Meeting - Balance forward $2.55 Collection $38.89 39.89 Check $1 from 1 Dr. Jernagin 39.89 Jan. 26 to Mrs. Hilyer Jan. 27 42.44 A.M.E. Church (Rev. Beckett) Jan 27 $20.00 Balance Jan 27 $22.44 Mrs. Hilyer returned Dr - $1 Jernagin's check for $1 $21.44 for expenses Balance Jan 28 $21.44 Wash Civil Rights Com $2.00 Bal Mar 12, 1941 $19.44 Check to Mrs E. S. Cohen Mar 22 printing bill Millison's Print Shop $10.00 Balance Mar 27 - 41 $9.44 Check to Mrs Hilyer Bouquet for Dr. Russell $2.00 Apr 14. 1941 Bal $7.44 check from Louise Sissman, May 19 $10.00 check from Helen Cohen May 19 $10.00 Both checks sent by Mrs. C. E. Russell $27.44 Page 16 Brought forward May 19, '41 $27.44 Check from Mrs. Margeret P. Talson $5.00 6911 6th St May 28 $32.44 See Page 12 - Contributions Made by Dr. Hilyer and Mrs. Terrell, Jan. 11, 1939 for a secretary for Dr. Russell were not used - that amount ($10) was added to the general fund of $32.44 Oct. 1 1941 - $10.00 $42.44 Check from Mrs. Russell $100.00 Balance, Oct 1, 1941 $142.44 Oct 13, 1941 Deposited $142.44 in Munsey Trust Co. for Inter-Racial Committee of D.C. Check for $100.00 from Mrs. Charles Edward Russell Inter/Racial Com/ - May 29, 1931 - Present were: Canon Stokes (Insert) Dr Pratt - Mrs Mcadoo - Dr Porter/Dr King - [*EJS*] Secretary: The Lord's Prayer was recited by all present. The minutes of the meeting held Dec 18/1930 were read. [Dr. Stokes who] The Chairman 2 called attention regarding Dr. Waldron &c & calls upon him by Dr. Stokes [noon m] Dr. Stokes [His] Physician & his own physician [M?] Mrs. McMadoo- made motion - letter of [thanks] of regret because of his illness & hopes for recovery.. Dr J N King made motion that Mr. Campbell C Johnson be 3 seconded by Mr. Pratt - Mr Johnson unanimously Elected Clarence PhilpsDodge suggested for membership Name Prosecuted by Federick of Comeril Dr. Porter made motion unanimously elected = 4 Execuses entered for Mrs. Glade, Dr. Bowsu, Mrs. Fenell and Dr. Hawkins Dr. Stokes mentioned the Purity of the attitude of the White Newspapers of the D. C. Miss Mulholland a thesis paper (useful) 5 Note of appreciation of the American U - of the survey made of the treatment of the negro by the Daily News - paper of the DC."- Letter to be sent to her / - Voted that the Survey Paper be offered the February clippings and thesis when 6 survey is completed. be offered to Library of Congress= for Dr. Stokes spoke informally upon the subject of the publication of a Negro Encyclopedia. The consensus of opinion Complete Direct Mail Service [Mas Entries?] favorable and truely an Enterprise 7 Dr. Hollenback was introduced: Has made a survey of the churches of the D. C. See 81/2 Introduced by Dr Darby & by Dr. Pratt Passed on to the Com/. a survey of negro churches of a northern city. 8 condition of Negro in northern cities very different from the past/- Dr. Hollenbeck [ctsurvey] of Nash (if made) what not it involve- have talk about xmas Some one to be responsible for supervision [tc tc]/ approximate cost-. about $500 to 2000- 81/2 Dr. Hollenbeck's full name, please? Wilbur C. What is his relationship? What organization- A member of the staff of the Institute of Social and Religious Research Office in New York 9 Voted that Dr Pratt Dr Darby Dr King [Dr. ????] cc Johnson Special Comm to present a specific program at our next meeting [M?????cAdoo} (motion) 10 - Suggested by A[?] [Mi??] MsMeadoo [sto] [Stokes] that [such a] such a Com/be appt'd: Inter/Racial Committee meeting Dec 18/1930 Rayer - D Stokes [??seu?]: The Chairman, D Stokes; Mis[lroo]liver, Mrs. Hopkins, Dean Dr. Batt, Mrs Meadoo the Secretary , = or En J Scott. Dr. Darby by [Mirtatur?] of the Conf = Dr Darby reported progress 2 Dr Knowles Cooper - regretting inability to attend Mrs Glade - Mr. Aspinwall Dr Darby to interview D. Hollenbeck again - Mr. Aspinwall - voted [by] motion by Mrs Hopkins that [a] resignation is accepted with great regret = Dr. Waldron's condition: serious illness/ [called] calls for another vacancy - now/ call on [Feb?] 3 Committee of Churches to suggest time one in Mr. Aspinwalls place Purpose of meeting - State as per call, - Statement of the Chairman/ Mrs Hopkins statement in re: efforts tc tc get in touch with Meth/ Bap/ spoken DAR & Women's Rep Club - Dem Womens Club - Episcopal/Catholic 4 Introductions: Bill in re: alleys HR 1107 as presented--with modifications/- Com's instead of President 500000 a year after 1st year/ represents best thought- (Mr John [Ihlder?]-) 5 11 [M] [A] 13 [M] thousand ally [Inheritants?] [Action?] 2 A = [mtyling?] U.S. [Historical?] Plan Repeatting with proposed amendments (June 30/1932) Proposed votes of Inter Racial Com - In Re: DC Alley Bill - [*6*] 11 11 47 [negro Housing] [alley Housing] motion carried - sent to Dr Stokes Voted: That [Ch?] F Secty send Copies of Bill - & Resolution to various agencies Chrm/ call meeting whenever seems wise after Jan 8/1931 Committee on Education of the Washington Interracial Committee. Miss Emma F.G. Merritt, Chairman, 1630 - 10th St. North 3493 Miss Emma Wold, Secretary, chandler Building, Nat. 5916 Dr. F. Edward Jones 1505 - 12th St. N.W. North 5836 George A. Parker 1314 You St. N.W. North 8843 D. N. Shoemaker 6800 Eastern Ave. Takoma Park, D.C. Gergia 0699 J Miss Lucy D. Slowe Howard University Col. 8100 Mrs. Mary Chruch Terrell 1615 S St. N.W. North 3691 January 25, 1932. Immediately after the organization of the Washington Inter-racial Committee of the National Associate for the Advancement of the Colored People, meeting at the Y. W. C. A. Phyllis Wheatley Club, the Committee on Education met to consider its activities. The committee mane Miss Merritt as chairman, Miss Wold as secretary. Miss Merritt presented as a problem requiring immediate attention to the decision of the Board of Education to use the High School at 9th Street and Rhode Island Avenue as an elementary school for colored children. This means placing small children in a building unsafe because of fire hazards, lack of play space and impossibility of closing all streets to traffic at any time of the day. It was decided that the first step against the action of the Board of Education should be a united protest from the parents of school children in the territory affected. On motion of Miss Slowe, it was voted to call the parents to a public meeting to consider the situation. Mr. Parker was delegated to ascertain on what date the Assembly Room of the Garnett-Patterson Junior High School can be obtained for a meeting and to call the parents together, if possible, before the middle of February. The committee discussed methods of publicity and laid plans for reaching the Press and the Churches with announcements of the meeting. Dr. Jones was asked to see Mr. Lautier of the Press as soon as a date has been set for the meeting. The Committee adjourned to meet on the call of the chairman. Emma Wold Secretary. [*1934*] MEMORANDUM FOR INTERRACIAL COMMITTEE The Interracial Committee of the N.A.A.C.P. growing out of its survey of the recreational facilities provided for colored children in a north-west school area appeals to Congress for relief. FACTS REVEALED BY THE SURVEY In the school territory bordering Constitution avenue south, Seventeenth street west, Florida avenue north, and North Capitol street east, there is a woeful waste of health, morals and educational opportunity of the army of school children attending the 23 schools included in the area. The 23 schools are as follows: 15 elementary schools, 3 junior high schools, 3 senior high schools, and 2 vocational schools. [In] The school population as of [January] February 1933 is distributed as follows; 7140 elementary (based an average of 42 pupils to the room--a low average as many classes run higher than 45); 2803 junior high school; 2856 senior high school; and 529 vocational school students, all as of December 1932. Facilities provided such as gymnasiums, playgrounds or recreational centers appear in the tabulatefd form below. A. ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 15 Schools Location No.Room Enrollment Gyms Play-grounds Recreational Centers Banneker 3rd & L NW 8 336 0 0 0 Jones 1st & L NW 8 336 0 0 0 Douglass 1st & Pierce NW 16 672 0 0 0 Simmons Pierce bet. 1st & N.J.Ave 8 336 0 0 0 Cook P Bet. No. Cap. & 1st NW 16 672 0 Inadequate 0 Langston " " " 8 336 0 0 0 Slater " " " 8 336 0 0 0 Twining 3rd bet. O & N Sts NW 8 336 0 0 0 Morse R bet.N.W.Ave & 5th NW 8 336 0 0 0 Grimke R.I.Ave.& 9th 20 840 0 0 0 Cleveland 8th & T Sts 12 504 0 0 0 Garrison 12 bet.R & S 16 672 0 0 0 Harrison 13th bet. V & W 16 672 0 0 0 Magruder M bet. 16th & 17th sts 8 336 0 0 0 Sumner 17th & M 10 420 0 0 0 7140 1 0 0 B. JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Terrell M bet. 12 & N.J.Ave. 469 0 0 0 Garnet- Patterson 10th & U Sts 1087 2 0 0 Shaw 7th & R.I.Ave 1287 2 0 0 2803 4 0 0 C. SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Recreational School Location No. Rooms Enrollment Gyms Play-grounds Centers Dubar 1st bet. N & O 1671 2 1 1 Armstrong P near 1st 1542 1 0 0 Cardoza 9th & R.I.Ave 643 1 0 0 2856 4 1 1 D. VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS Washington O bet. 1st & 2nd 265 0 0 0 Phelps Vt Ave.bet. T & U 264 0 0 0 529 It is here shown that the provisions for health, morals and educational opportunities for more than 13,000 school children in the public school system, to say nothing of pre-school children, are: (A) 1 hall gymnasium poorly supplied for organized sports and games, 1 inadequate poorly equipped playground at Cook school, and no recreational centers doe [for] 7140 elementary children. (B) 4 gymasiums, no playgrounds, no recreational center for 2803 junior high school children. (C) 4 gymnasiums, no playgrounds, no recreational center for 2856 senior high school students. The Dunbar High School has a swimming pool and stadium for boys. (D) Vocational schools have no gymnasium, no playground, no recreational center for 529 students. The most cancerous spot in the entire area is the environment of the Douglass-Simmons-Banneker-Jones schools. There are housed in these schools 2350 children forced to attend school and breathe the air of crime and vice coming to and from school and during recess hours. A blind alley, notorious for crime and all manner of vice, opens directly in front of Simmons School. The street facing both Douglass and Simmons to the south is unwholesome. Environment is one of the most determining factors in the lives of boys and girls. Crimes and vices of one group are to the crimes and vices of another group in direct ratio as the opportunity afforded the one group for wholesome use of leisure are to the opportunity afforded to the other group for proper use of leisure. The Inter-racial committee of the N.A.A.C.P., in line with the program of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission to eliminate alleys and slums and provide playgrounds and recreational centers in the Nation's Capital, appeals to Congress to eliminate the part-city square between Pierce Street and L Street, First and New Jersey Avenue, directly in front of Douglass-Simmons School and convert the same into a playground for thousands of children compelled to witness immorality and vice in attendance upon these schools. September 20, 1934 FINANCES: We have received the following amounts since our last meeting: Federal Council of Churches $30.00 Delta Sigma Theta Sorority 20.00 Y.W.C.A 40.00 R.R. Wright, Jr. 25.00 N.A.A.C.P. 50.00 $165.00 ** Loan) Wm. Hastie for typewriter rent 4.00 **) " Edw. Lovette a/c rent.. August 11.00 15.00 Grand total $180.00 The following sums have been expended: Salaries: John P. Davies (Park June Salary $50.00 M.W. Carter (July Salary) 50.00 M.W. Carter (Part August Sal.) 15.00 Total 115.00 Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co. 20.75 Postage, carfare, etc. 8.30 J. H. Green rental agent (Aug. rent) 21.00 **($11.00 adv. by S. Lovette) Payment a/c typewriter rental 4.00 **($4.00 adv. by Wm. Hastie) Tax on checks & service charges 3/30-9/10 4.75 58.83 Grand total $173.83 Our bank balance as of 9/20/34....$.24 Washington, D.C.,...[*Oct 8*]...193[*5*] M. [*W J. Hilyer*] [*Mr Russell*] To POWELL'S Dr. "Flowers Rich & Rare" PHONE NORTH 2509 801 FLORIDA AVE., N.W. [* Flowers 1 00 Paid C Gross*] Phone Metropolitan 3679 Art Crafts Company For the attention of our honored Freasaner CER Printers - Engravers 1415 Eye Street, Northwest Washington D.C. April 24, 1936. M Inter-Racial Committee Washington, D.C. 500 Letterheads $3.50 Paid arbrofis Cary 2/4/6 Washington, D.C. June 11 1936 M Interiacial Committ To THE POWELL SHOP Dr. "FLOWERS RICH AND RARE" Established 1917 Phone North 2509 801 Florida Ave., N.W. JOHN H. GRAY, Proprietor cut flowers 1.25 card .10 Received payment R.C.Powell. 11-9 1938 RECEIVED OF M.C. Terrell One Dollars Inter-Racial Com. D.C. $1.00 O. B. Tymous sec MADE IN U.S.A. THIS DEPOSIT ACCEPTED BY THE MUNSEY TRUST COMPANY WASHINGTON D.C. SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS AS PRINTED ON THE REVERSE SIDE OF THIS TICKET FOR THE CREDIT OF Mary Celurich Terrell- March 14 1938 List Each Check Separately Giving Name of Bank Drawn On Currency, 5's, 10's Etc. " 1's and 2's Coin CHECKS AS FOLLOWS: M.S. Thompson 45 15 [?] Committee for [?] [?] Darcy Frazier 100 Sulerroual Cove. [* The Munsey Trust Co. Duplicate] [*Mar, 14 1938] [*46.15 C Teller] Total 46 15 [Reverse side of a deposit slip from the Munsey Trust Company. It includes boiler plate banking language that does not require transcription.] [Invoice for safe deposit box rental] Box # 60 The Munsey Trust Company Washington, D.C., March 1 1939 The rent for your safe deposit box amounting to $3.30 which includes 10% Government Tax will be due 3/15/39 to 3/15/40 To Mrs. Mary Church Terrell Address 1615 - "S" St., N.W. Washington, D.C. It being agreed that all terms, conditions, provisions and limitations of liability provided in the original receipt shall be considered as though herein incorporated. Treasurer's Report, May 19, 1937. Total Amount Received for Publishing Report Jan. 13 1937 $50.00 Total Paid for Printing Feb. 12 1937 $59.50 Total Deficit for Printing Feb. 12 1937 $ 9.50 Fund turned over by Mrs. Hilyer, Ex-Treasurer $11.00 Balance Due for Printing $ 9.50 Balance on Hand Feb. 12, $ 1.50 The following checks for printing"Brutality Enthroned" have been received and have been given to Mrs. M.S. Thompson, Secretary-Treasurer of Joint Committee for Civil Rights in the District of Columbia: Rev. H.B. Taylor, 15th Street Presbyterian Church (4-12-37) $5.00 Mrs. M.S. Thompson Bloomingdale Citizens Association by Dr. Hilyer (4-10-37) $1.50 Lincoln Temple Church by Rev. Brooks $2.00 Cash Daisy Frazier $1.00 Rev Whitfield $1.00 $2.00 Sadie Z. Hyman by Charles Edward Russell $3.00 April 16, 1937 Total $13.50 Mary Church Terrell--Treasurer-- May 19- 1937 Contributions by members $12.35 Check to Mrs. M.S. Thompson [*for the Joint Commitee $ 5.00 for Civil Rights in D.C from Inter-Racial Com.*] $ 7.35 $ 1.50 Total Balance $ 8.85 May 24 check from Rose Edelman thru Mr Charles E Russell $ 5.00 May 24-- $13.85 " 25 " to Miss Frazier for amount advanced for the 10.00 May 25-- Balance -- $ 3.85 Check from College Alumnae Club June 2 $ 5.00 Balance $ 8.85 When I made my report on Jan 6 - 1937 we had received $45 for publishing the report. Then on January 13th I received a letter from Mrs. Thompson enclosing a check for $5 from the Teachers Union which raised the amount subscribed for printing to $50. 1230 Fairmont St., N.W Washington, D.C April 16, 1937 Receipt of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Treas. of the Inter-Racial Com. of D.C the following checks (made to her) for the amounts indicated, to be credited to the Joint Com. for Civil Rights in D.C. to help defray the publication of the pamphlet Brutality Enthroned: By whom Endorsed Amt 1. Rev. H. B. Taylor (4-12-34) 15th St. Presbyterian Church $5.00 2. M. S. Thompson (4-10-3) a. Bloomingdale Citizens Assc. by (Dr. [?????]). 1.50 b. Lincoln Temple Church (Rev. Brooks). 2.00 c. Cash Daisy Frazier __________ 1.00 Rev. Whitfield _________ 1.00 3. Payable to (4-9-37) Charles Edward Russell by Sadie B. Hyman. 3.00 _______________ M. S. Thompson $13.50 Scty. Treas. Joint Com. for Civil Rts. in D.C. [Inter-Racial Committee] Treasurer's Report. May 11, 1938 Balance on hand $19.45 May 11 Check to Mr. Russell $18.50 May 11 Balance on hand .95 May 12 Check Returned $18.50 May 12 Balance on hand $19.45 When the Treasurer sent the check to Mr. Russell to pay the Committee's indebtedness to him he returned it, saying he could not accept it, that it was money God gave him and he must devote it to His work. Very respectfully submitted, Mary Church Terrell Treasurer Dec. 7 - 1938 [2nd page not legible] Oct. 7, 1936 The following members of the Inter-racial Comm. contributed $1.00 each toward the publishing and the report of the Ed. Comm. 1. C. E. Russell 2. Mrs. Cohen 3. " Brawley 4. " Terrell 5. Mr. Herring 6. Miss Frazier 7. Mrs. Stone 8. Miss Jones 9. Dr. Hilyer 10. Mr. Brooks 11. Dr. Davis 12. Mr. H. B. Taylor 13. M. S. Thompson 14. Mr. Harlan [?] M. S. Thompson Sect'y [*CA 1938*] For Pamphlet no negro need apply Dr. Brown 1.00 Mr Herron check to Mr. Glazier Dr. Shoemaker $16.75 Mrs. Stone $14.00 Miss Selvig Owe D W. J. $2.75 Dr. Hilyer Contributed 1.00 (5/4/38 Mr. Nixon Due to D. W. J. .1.75 Mr. Lovett $6.50 for Mr. Russell Miss Howard for printing Dr. Cromwell 6.50 10.00 5.00 1.75 8.25 [*$ 7.00 held for $14.00 8.25 1.75 $1.00 Dr. Russell*] 2.60 $4.35 RECONCILEMENT OF ACCOUNT WITH THE MUNSEY TRUST COMPANY MUNSEY BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Checks Outstanding Number Amount TOTAL CHECKS OUTSTANDING BALANCE AS PER CHECK BOOK TOTAL TO PROVE THE BALANCE AS SHOWN ON YOUR STATEMENT Sort the checks numerically or by date issued. Check off on the stubs of your check book each of the checks paid by the bank and make a list of the numbers and amounts of those still outstanding in the space provided at the left; to the sum of the outstanding checks add the balance as shown in your check book after deducting charges for check tax, etc. List below all deposits which do not appear on the statement, and add to this total your balance as shown by the statement which is the last amount in the balance column. The two results should agree, and if so, the statement as rendered is correct. DEPOSITS NOT CREDITED BANK BALANCE AS PER STATEMENT TOTAL PLEASE EXAMINE CHECKS AND RECONCILE THIS STATEMENT AT ONCE. IF NO ERROR IS REPORTED TO AN OFFICER WITHIN TEN DAYS THE ACCOUNT WILL BE CONSIDERED CORRECT. IF YOUR ACCOUNT, AFTER ANALYSIS, IS SUBJECT TO A SERVICE CHARGE IT WILL BE MADE AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE AFTER THE CLOSE OF EACH MONTH WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE. USE YOUR PASSBOOK ONLY AS A RECEIPT FOR DEPOSITS. KEY TO SYMBOLS OD OVERDRAWN TX CHECK TAX DM DEBIT MEMORANDUM CC COLLECTION CREDIT CM CREDIT MEMORANDUM SC SERVICE CHARGE FOR PRECEDING MONTH KINDLY NOTIFY THE BANK OF ANY CHANGE IN YOUR ADDRESS Inter Racial Committee of D.C. 1615-S.St.N.W. Washington, D.C. Check Deposits Date Balance BALANCE BROUGHT FORWARD 142.44 OCT 13'41 142.44* THE MUNSEY TRUST COMPANY MUNSEY BUILDING WASHINGTON, D.C. THIS DEPOSIT ACCEPTED BY THE MUNSEY TRUST COMPANY WASHINGTON, D.C. SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS AS PRINTED ON THE REVERSE SIDE OF THIS TICKET FOR THE CREDIT OF Inter-Racial Committee of D.C- Oct. 13 194/ LIST EACH CHECK SEPARATELY DOLLARS CENTS GIVING NAME OF BANK DRAWN ON CURRENCY, 5's, 10's, Etc. 42 44 " 1's and 2's COIN CHECKS AS FOLLOWS: 100 00 [*THE MUNSEY TRUST CO. DUPLICATE OCT 13 1941 $142.44 Teller] TOTAL 142 44 In making deposits the depositor agrees with The Munsey Trust Co. of Washington, D. C., that credit allowed for items on this or any other bank or party is only provisional and until the proceeds thereof, in money, are actually received by this bank or items found good at the close of business the day on which they are deposited such items may be charged back to the depositor's account regardless of whether or not the item itself can be returned; that said Bank may decline payment of any check drawn on such deposits until the items of this deposit, though credited, are actually paid in money; that any failure to enforce these rights by the bank shall not be construed a waiver thereof: that items received for deposit or collection are so received at depositor's risk. may be transmitted in the usual manner for collection, either to the bank or person on which they are drawn, or to such bank or persons as said bank shall deem reliable; that all such direct or indirect collection agencies shall be deemed agents of the depositor; that for the negligence, actions, omissions, or failure of such collecting agents, or for loss of item in transit, or any cause, no liability shall attach to the said bank; that said bank or any collecting agent may receive payment of all or any such items in cash, by check or draft, and shall not nor shall any collecting agent be liable for the dishonor of such checks or drafts or losses thereon or for the negligence, default or failure of another; that items may be collected through the Federal Reserve Banks in accordance with their rules. THE MUNSEY TRUST COMPANY WASHINGTON, D. C. WILLIAM T. DEWART CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD October 30th, 1941 Inter Racial Committee of D.C. 1615—S.St.N.W. Washington,D.C. Dear Sir or Madam: In order to facilitate a regular examination of the Bank now being made by Townsend & Dix of New York City, it is requested that all Statements be verified by Depositors at the close of business October 30th, 1941. Your balance as shown by enclosed Statement is [*$142.44.*] If this is correct, allowing for outstanding items, (checks outstanding and Deposits in transit), please sign as below indicated and return in the accompanying addressed, stamped envelope. If balance does not agree with yours, please not exceptions below. Your prompt co-operation in this matter will be appreciated by, Yours very truly, [*PJ McMahon*] Vice President The above balance is correct. ________________________________ Depositor's Signature Exceptions United States Savings Bonds Series G Dated the first day of the month in which payment received Dated the first day of the month in which payment is received Due 12 years from issue date Price: 100% Yield: 2.50% if held to maturity Interest payable semi-annually by Treasury check PRINCIPAL FEATURES 1. DENOMINATIONS: $100, $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000. 2. REGISTRATION: Issued in registered form only, not transferable. May be registered in the name of one individual, in the names of two (but not more than two) individuals as co-owners, in the name of one individual payable on death to one other designated individual, in the name of a fiduciary, the owner or custodian of public funds, or any incorporated or unincorporated body. 3. REDEMPTION: These bonds cannot be called before maturity. At the option of the owner, however, they may be redeemed on the first day of any calendar month after six months from the issue date, upon one month's written notice. 4. SPECIAL FEATURE: Upon the death of the owner, or co-owner, if a natural person, or if held by a trustee or other fiduciary, upon the death of any person which results in the termination of the trust, Series G bonds may be redeemed at par, if application for redemption at par is given in time to be received within six months after the date of death. If the trust is terminated only in part, redemption at par will be made only to the extent of the pro rata portion of the trust so terminated, to the next lower multiple of $100. 5. COLLATERAL: These bonds may not be used as collateral. 6. MARKETABILITY: These bonds cannot be sold, but as stated in paragraph 3 above, can be converted into cash, at any Federal Reserve Bank, or Branch, or at the Treasury Department. 7. WHO MAY BUY: Anyone (see paragraph 2). However, commercial banks may invest only a limited part of their savings deposits in these bonds. 8. WHERE TO SUBSCRIBE: The bonds are continuously on sale at the Federal Reserve Banks and Branches and at the Treasury Department. Banks and other sales agencies may forward applications for customers. All applications must be accompanied by payment in full of the issue price. 9. AMOUNT INVESTOR MAY HOLD: No owner may at any time hold more than $100,000 (cost price) of Series G and Series F bonds in the aggregate originally issued to him, alone or with a co-owner, in any one calendar year. Since the above description is only a summarization, reference is made to the official circular for detailed information. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 631873 STRAIGHT TALK ABOUT THE 7th WAR LOAN Descriptive Folder WAR FINANCE DIVISION U. S. TREASURY DEPT. WFD 989 STRAIGHT TALK about the 7th WAR LOAN The 7th War Loan starts May 14. Americans as individuals are taking on their biggest quota to date - 7 billion dollars, 4 billions in the E Bonds alone. You may be wondering, "Why this biggest of all individual quotas now? Haven't we already reached the peak?" A fair question - requiring a straight answer. The Money Is Needed For War The Battle of Japan has just begun. It must be backed up, paid for, fought for by a free people, intent on sweeping the Pacific clear of fascist hate - forever. With the war in the West our first and major concern, we have not yet been able to go all-out in the East. But neither has the Jap. The war to crush Japan will be bigger, tougher, and longer than most Americans expect. The Allied Military Command has estimated that it will take years, not months. The destruction of Japan's armies has not yet reached the annual rate of normal replacements - between 200,000 and 250,000 men a year. And the Jap, as our men in the Pacific know, fights to the death. As far as Japan is concerned, the outer Empire - and the men who defend it - are expendables. The Jap will fight the Battle of Japan from inside the inner Empire, of which Iwo Jima was an outpost. And Iwo Jima, according to Admiral Nimitz, was a pattern of the resistance our forces may expect to meet in future offensives. New Tasks, New Needs The single greatest obstacle to our crushing of Japan is distance. While in the Battle of Europe supply ships from our bases in England had only an overnight run to make, ships in the Pacific have long-reach round trips taking up to 5 months to make. To crush Japan will take time, heroic and backbreaking effort, overpowering equipment. Millions of fighting men - freshly outfitted and equipped - will have to be moved from Europe halfway around the globe; and supplied day-in, day-out by hundreds of new ships now building. More of everything will be needed. More B-29's. More tanks, half-tracks, jeeps and trucks. More rockets, mortars, airborne radar. A whole new air force is in creation - huge new bombers dwarfing the Super- fortress-fast new jet-propelled combat planes, the P-80 or "Shooting Star," coming off the lines by thousands. These are just some of the 101 ways in which your dollars are needed more than ever to bring America's might to its full strength-so that we may crush our foe the faster, make an end of killing, and bring our men back home. And Lest We Forget The sick, wounded and disabled will require medical attention and care. Many millions of dollars will be required for mustering-out pay and benefits voted by Congress to help our veterans get started again in civilian life. That's the least we can do in return for what they've done for us. Winning the Peace There are other weighty reasons for supporting the 7th War Loan-reasons that take us from the present to the future. By investing in the 7th War Loan, the patriotic American is safeguarding his own future, his country's future. By putting every dollar over rock- bottom expenses into the purchase of War Bonds, he is delivering a body blow to wartime inflation, thus putting a lid on the cost of living and maintaining intact the purchasing power of the dollar. At the same time, too, he is insuring the country and himself against the catastrophe of a possible post-war deflation- with it depression, unemployment, misery, and heartache So save for your country-save for yourself. In helping your country, you are also helping yourself. Comes peace, we'll all need money for education, replacements, retirement, new homes, a new start-and we'll need a lot of it. There isn't a better or safer highroad to your goal than United States Savings Bonds. Making 2=3! This year there will be only two War Loan drives, not three. But in those two drives the Government will have to raise almost as much money from individuals as in the three drives last year. That means bigger extra bonds in the 7th. Because only by buying more can we make 2 take the place of 3. The 27 million Americans who buy bonds on pay-roll savings are already off to a flying start. These patriotic men and women began their buying in April. And they will keep on buying extra bonds through May and June! It's now up to the rest of us. It's our turn to swing in line. To raise the vast sum needed every American will have to dig deeper into current income-dig deeper into cash reserves. Only by buying bigger extra bonds can we stretch 2 into 3! Let all Americans do their part-for their own sake, for their country's. United States War Savings Bonds Series E Dated the first day of the month in which payment is received Due 10 years from issue date Price: 75% of maturity value. Yield: About 2.9% compounded semi-annually if held to maturity PRINCIPAL FEATURES: 1. DENOMINATIONSL: (Maturity value) $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 Corresponding issue (cost) value $18.75 $37.50 $75 $375 $750 2. REGISTRATION: Issued in registered form only, not transferable. May be registered in the name of one individual, in the names of two (but not more than two) individuals as co-owners, or in the name of one individual payable on death to one other designated individual 3. REDEMPTION: Non-callable prior to maturity. At the option of the owner, however, they may be redeemed at any time after 60 days from the issue date without advance notice. 4. COLLATERAL: These bonds may not be used as collateral. 5. MARKETABILITY: They cannot be sold, but, as stated in paragraph 3 above, can be converted into cash, at any financial institution which has qualified as a paying agent, or at any Federal Reserve Bank, or Branch, or at the Treasury Department. 6. WHO MAY BUY: Individuals only. 7. WHERE TO BUY: The bonds are continuously available for purchase at most commercial and savings banks, savings and loan associations, post offices, and at other qualified agencies, including many retail stores, theaters and radio stations, or at any Federal Reserve Bank or Branch or at the Treasury Department, Washington. Purchase applications must be accompanied by payment of the purchased price in full. 8. LIMIT OF OWNERSHIP: There is a limit of $5,000 maturity value, of $3,750 cost price, for each calendar year, of bonds originally issued during that year to and held by any one person, including bonds issued to that person individually, or him with another as co-owner. However, in computing holdings, bonds issued to co-owners may be applied to either or apportioned between them. 9. INTEREST PAYMENTS. None. Interest accrues by virtue of increases in redemption value after the first year and at the end of each half-year period thereafter until redemption or maturity. These bonds become increasingly valuable as investments the longer they are held. Since the above description is only a summarization, reference is made to the official circulars for detailed information. United States Savings Bonds Series F Dated the first day of the month in which payment is received Due 12 years from issue date Price: 74% of maturity value Yield: About 2.53% compounded semi-annually, if held to maturity PRINCIPAL FEATURES: 1. DENOMINATIONS: (Maturity value) $25 $100 $500 $1,000 $5,000 $10,000 Corresponding issue (cost) value $18.50 $74 $370 $740 $3,700 $7,400 2. REGISTRATION: Issue in registered form only, not transferable. May be registered in the name of one individual, in the names of two (but not more than two) individuals as co-owners, in the name of one individual payable on death to one other designated individual, in the name of a fiduciary, the owner or custodian of public funds, or any incorporated or unincorporated body. 3. REDEMPTION: These bonds cannot be called before maturity. At the option of the owner, however, they may be redeemed on the first day of any calendar month after six months from the issue date, upon one month's written notice. 4. COLLATERAL: These bonds may not be used as collateral. 5. MARKETABILITY: They cannot be sold, but as stated in paragraph 3 above, can be converted into cash, at any Federal Reserve Bank, or Branch, or at the Treasury Department. 6. WHO MAY BUY: Anyone (see paragraph 2). However, commercial banks may invest only a limited part of their savings deposits in these bonds. 7. WHERE TO SUBSCRIBE: The bonds are continuously on sale at the Federal Reserve Banks and Branches and at the Treasury Department. Banks and other sales agencies may forward applications for customers. All applications must be accompanied by payment in full of the issue price. 8. AMOUNT INVESTOR MAY HOLD: No owner may at any time hold more than $100,000 (cost price) of Series G and Series F bonds in the aggregate originally issued to him, alone or with a co-owner, in any one calendar year. 9. INTEREST PAYMENTS: None. Interest accrues by virtue of increases in redemption value after the first year and at the end of maturity. These bonds become increasingly valuable as investments the longer they are held. START SAVING NOW to make tax payments easier You will see from the tables that if your net income for 1941 is $5,000 and you are a single person with no dependents, you must save at the rate of $40 every month or $483 a year for your Federal income taxes. If you are married but have no dependents, your savings for taxes should amount to $31 per month or $375 a year. If you are married and have one dependent, you must save $27 per month or $323 a year. If you are married and have two dependents you must save $23 per month or $271 a year. If you are married and have three dependents, you must save $18 per month or $219 a year for the payment of Federal income taxes. CONSULT YOUR BANK about Tax Savings Notes The Tax Savings Notes being offered by the Treasury to make it easier for taxpayers to plan ahead are being issued in two series, both dated August 1, 1941, and maturing August 1, 1943. They bear interest only when used to pay income taxes up to and including the month when the tax payment is made. The notes cannot be presented for payment of income taxes before January 1, 1942, and must be held by the purchaser at least three months if they are to be used for that purpose. On January 1 of each year hereafter, two new series of Notes will be provided so that a taxpayer can always purchase Notes during the entire year in which he is receiving his income for use in payment of taxes due the following year. Plan now to save some part of your income during the remaining months of this calendar year to be used for payment of Federal income taxes. The Treasury urges that you go immediately to your neighborhood bank to secure detailed information about the Tax Savings Plan and how you personally can best take advantage of it. Treasury Department Circular No. 667 describing the Tax Savings Notes in detail has been sent to all banks, where you will find someone who will be glad to answer any questions. It is extremely important that the increased Federal income taxes vitally necessary for National Defense be provided for in your budget as you would provide for other expenses. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 16-23985 UNITED STATES TREASURY KNOW YOUR TAXES TREASURY DEPARTMENT TAX SAVINGS PLAN A Message to Taxpayers from the Secretary of the Treasury Through our representatives in Congress we have decided upon an "all-out" defense program. We have also expressed our preference for paying as much as possible of the cost of defense out of current earnings. Your Government, therefore, is anxious that each taxpayer know as promptly as possible what his income tax will be. As a service to the taxpayers, I have had prepared the attached tables showing what you will have to pay in the coming year, and how much of your monthly income you should set aside regularly for tax payments. Tax Savings Notes are now being sold by the Treasury because thousands of citizens asked for a plan to enable them to save money systematically and conveniently for this purpose. When you examine the attached tables you will, I think, see the usefulness of these Treasury Notes in helping you to meet your own tax payments next year. I am sure that your neighborhood bank will be glad to help you start such a savings program. If you wish any additional information, I shall be glad to have you write me at the Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. [*Henry Morgenthau Jr.*] Secretary of the Treasury October 20, 1941. THE attached tables show how much you will have to pay in individual income taxes on 1941 salary and wage incomes of selected sizes and the savings needed to meet these payments If your gross income is not more than $3,000 and consists wholly of salaries, wages, other compensation for personal services, dividends, interest, rent, annuities, or royalties, you may make your tax payments in accordance with the instructions contained in Form 1040-A. In this case your tax will be slightly different from that shown in the following tables, but the monthly savings necessary will be approximately the same. Table showing how much you will have to pay in individual income taxes on salary and wage incomes of selected sizes and the monthly savings needed to meet these 1941 income tax payments. 1 Single person - Not head of family - No dependents If your net income You will have to You will need to from salary or pay, under the save every month wages is- 1941 Act- to meet 1941 tax payments- $750 -------- ----- $800 $3 (2) $900 11 $1 $1,000 21 2 $1,100 31 3 $1,200 40 3 $1,300 50 4 $1,400 59 5 $1,500 69 6 $2,000 117 10 $2,500 165 14 $3,000 221 18 $3,500 284 24 $4,000 347 29 $5,000 483 40 $6,000 649 54 $7,000 825 69 $8,000 1,031 86 $9,000 1,247 104 $10,000 1,493 124 $11,000 1,749 146 $12,000 2,035 170 $13,000 2,331 194 $14,000 2,657 221 $15,000 2,994 250 $16,000 3,354 280 $17,000 3,722 310 $18,000 4,112 343 $19,000 4,509 376 $20,000 4,929 411 $21,000 5,357 446 $22,000 5,807 484 $23,000 6,264 522 $24,000 6,744 562 $25,000 7,224 602 1 Computed to the nearest dollar. 2 Less than 50 cents. Table showing how much you will have to pay in individual income taxes on salary and wage incomes of selected sizes and the monthly savings needed to meet these 1941 income tax payments. 1 Married person living with husband or wife--No dependents If your net income You will have to You will need to from salary or pay, under the save every month wages is-- 1941 Act-- to meet 1941 tax payments-- $1,500............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,600............................. $6 $1 $1,700............................. 13 1 $1,800............................. 23 2 $1,900............................. 32 3 $2,000............................. 42 4 $2,100............................. 52 4 $2,200............................. 61 5 $2,300............................. 71 6 $2,400............................. 80 7 $2,500............................. 90 8 $3,000............................. 138 12 $3,500............................. 186 16 $4,000............................. 249 21 $4,500............................. 312 26 $5,000............................. 375 31 $6,000............................. 521 43 $7,000............................. 687 57 $8,000............................. 873 73 $9,000............................. 1,079 90 $10,000............................ 1,305 109 $11,000............................ 1,551 129 $12,000............................ 1,817 151 $13,000............................ 2,103 175 $14,000............................ 2,409 201 $15,000............................ 2,739 228 $16,000............................ 3,084 257 $17,000............................ 3,444 287 $18,000............................ 3,819 318 $19,000............................ 4,209 351 $20,000............................ 4,614 385 21,000.............................. 5,034 420 $22,000............................ 5,469 456 $23,000............................ 5,919 493 $24,000............................ 6,384 532 $25,000............................ 6,864 572 1 Computed to the nearest dollar Table showing how much you will have to pay in individual income taxes on salary and wage incomes of selected sizes and the monthly savings needed to meet these 1941 income tax payments. 1 Married person living with husband or wife--One dependent If your net income You will have to You will need to from salary or pay, under the save every month wages is-- 1941 Act-- to meet 1941 tax payments-- $1,500............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,600............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,700............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,800............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,900............................. ......................................... ............................................ $2,000............................. $6 $1 $2,100............................. 12 1 $2,200............................. 21 2 $2,300............................. 31 3 $2,400............................. 40 3 $2,500............................. 50 4 $3,000............................. 98 8 $3,500............................. 146 12 $4,000............................. 197 16 $4,500............................. 260 22 $5,000............................. 323 27 $6,000............................. 453 38 $7,000............................. 619 52 $8,000............................. 789 66 $9,000............................. 995 83 $10,000............................ 1,205 100 $11,000............................ 1,451 121 $12,000............................ 1,701 142 $13,000............................ 1,987 166 $14,000............................ 2,277 190 $15,000............................ 2,607 217 $16,000............................ 2,940 245 $17,000............................ 3,300 275 $18,000............................ 3,663 305 $19,000............................ 4,053 338 $20,000............................ 4,446 371 21,000.............................. 4,866 406 $22,000............................ 5,289 441 $23,000............................ 5,739 478 $24,000............................ 6,192 516 $25,000............................ 6,672 556 1 Computed to the nearest dollar Table showing how much you will have to pay in individual income taxes on salary and wage incomes of selected sizes and the monthly savings needed to meet these 1941 income tax payments. 1 Married person living with husband or wife--Two dependent If your net income You will have to You will need to from salary or pay, under the save every month wages is-- 1941 Act-- to meet 1941 tax payments-- $1,500............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,600............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,700............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,800............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,900............................. ......................................... ............................................ $2,000............................. ......................................... ............................................ $2,100............................. ......................................... ............................................ $2,200............................. ......................................... ............................................ $2,300............................. ......................................... ............................................ $2,400............................. $6 $1 $2,500............................. 12 1 $3,000............................. 58 5 $3,500............................. 106 9 $4,000............................. 154 13 $4,500............................. 208 17 $5,000............................. 271 23 $6,000............................. 397 33 $7,000............................. 551 46 $8,000............................. 717 60 $9,000............................. 911 76 $10,000............................ 1,117 93 $11,000............................ 1,351 113 $12,000............................ 1,597 133 $13,000............................ 1,871 156 $14,000............................ 2,157 180 $15,000............................ 2,475 206 $16,000............................ 2,805 234 $17,000............................ 3,156 263 $18,000............................ 3,516 293 $19,000............................ 3,897 325 $20,000............................ 4,287 357 21,000.............................. 4,698 392 $22,000............................ 5,118 427 $23,000............................ 5,559 463 $24,000............................ 6,009 501 $25,000............................ 6,480 540 1 Computed to the nearest dollar Table showing how much you will have to pay in individual income taxes on salary and wage incomes of selected sizes and the monthly savings needed to meet these 1941 income tax payments. 1 Married person living with husband or wife--Three dependent If your net income You will have to You will need to from salary or pay, under the save every month wages is-- 1941 Act-- to meet 1941 tax payments-- $1,500............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,600............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,700............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,800............................. ......................................... ............................................ $1,900............................. ......................................... ............................................ $2,000............................. ......................................... ............................................ $2,100............................. ......................................... ............................................ $2,200............................. ......................................... ............................................ $2,300............................. ......................................... ............................................ $2,400............................. ......................................... ............................................ $2,500............................. ......................................... ............................................ $3,000............................. $18 $2 $3,500............................. 66 6 $4,000............................. 114 10 $4,500............................. 162 14 $5,000............................. 219 18 $6,000............................. 345 29 $7,000............................. 483 40 $8,000............................. 649 54 $9,000............................. 827 69 $10,000............................ 1,033 86 $11,000............................ 1,251 104 $12,000............................ 1,497 125 $13,000............................ 1,755 146 $14,000............................ 2,041 170 $15,000............................ 2,343 195 $16,000............................ 2,673 223 $17,000............................ 3,012 251 $18,000............................ 3,372 281 $19,000............................ 3,741 312 $20,000............................ 4,131 344 21,000.............................. 4,530 378 $22,000............................ 4,950 413 $23,000............................ 5,379 438 $24,000............................ 5,829 486 $25,000............................ 6,288 524 1 Computed to the nearest dollar 16-23985 SUBSCRIPTION FORM THE MUNSEY TRUST COMPANY Dated Gentlemen: Please enter my subscription for United States Treasury issues of the Seventh War Loan as follows: ISSUE AMOUNT DENOMINATION COUPON REGISTERED 2 1/2% Treasury Bonds of 1967-72 2 1/4% Treasury Bonds of 1959-62 1 1/2% Treasury Bonds of 1950 7/8% Certificates of Indebtedness-1946 Bearer Form Only United States Savings Bonds, Series G Registered only United States Savings Bonds, Series F Registered only United States War Bonds, Series E Registered only Treasury Savings Notes, Series C Registered only Registered issues to be registered as follows: (Please print name and address): (Please state whether Mr., Mrs., or Miss) Charge Purchaser's Account _ Check herewith _ Signature of Purchaser Address THE MUNSEY TRUST CO. Washington, D. C. In accordance with a rule adopted by the Washington, D. C., Clearing House Association, effective November 1, 1934, binding on all Banks and Trust Companies in the District of Columbia, this bank has installed a measured service charge to take the place of the flat service charge which has been in use for a number of years throughout the country. This charge will not apply to your account if the average balance bears a proper relationship to its activity, and for your information, a schedule of charges applicable to checking accounts adopted by the Clearing House Association is printed on the reverse of this card. Accounts having balance in excess of $900.00 will be subject to further analysis. It has been recognized as a sound principle of banking practice that the balances of active checking accounts should be adequate to compensate the bank for its service, or in lieu of such adequate balances, reasonable service charges should be made. It is believed this measured service charge is more equitable than the flat charge formerly in use, and the officers of this institution will gladly answer any questions respecting its opersation. Very truly yours, THE MUNSEY TRUST CO. SCHEDULE OF CHARGES Monthly Basis Items Average Balance Allowed Per Month $ 1-100 $1 charge 10 101-200 No charge 8 201-300 No charge 14 301-400 No charge 20 401-500 No charge 26 501-600 No charge 32 601-700 No charge 38 701-800 No charge 44 801-900 No charge 50 The above schedule is based upon accounts in which it is expected there will be limited deposit activity, say, two deposits per month with limited number of items in the deposits. Items in excess of the above schedule will be charged for at the rate of 5c each, with a minimum charge for excess activity of 25c. Should the activity in an account exceed 50 items per month a reduction in the per item rate will apply on such excess items. If a charge is necessary, it will be made as soon as practicable after the close of each calendar month without further notice to the customer. Examples: An account averaging $50 with 12 items would be charged $1.25. An average balance of $180 with 23 items would warrant a charge of 75c. Likewise, an account that averaged $230 with 16 items would receive a charge of 25c. An account averaging $210 with 13 items would not be charged. WASHINGTON, D.C. MARCH 16 1940 M Inter Racial Committee TO THE HANFORD PRESS DR. GREENSPAN & BOTKIN, Proprietors PRINTERS PHONE NATIONAL 4715 610 F ST., N. W. 3000 8p Pampllets $49.00 By Cash $10.00 $39.00 INTER-RACIAL COMMITTEE OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Sibyl Baker 3100 Newark Street Supervisor of Playgrounds in D.C Rev. R.W. Brooks 1204 Fairmont Street Inter-racial Committee of Federation Mary E. Coulson 223 Investment Bldg. Council of Social Agencies Margaret Jones 20 Fifth St., N.E. Representing Interracial Committee Women's Inter League D.C. D.N. Shoemaker 6800 Eastern Avenue Committee on Peace and Race Relations, Alexandria Monthly Meeting of Friends Mrs. H.B. Stabler 6123 Broad Branch Rd. Chairman, Peace and Race Relations Committee, Eye Street Meeting M.A. McAdoo 9th and Rhode Island Rd. Secy., Phyllis Wheatley Y.W.C.A. Miss B.C. McNeill 2645 15ht Street, N.W. Mary Ida Winder 532 17th Street, N.W. Fellowship of Reconciliation Mrs. John Young 2212 R Street Pres., St. Monica League and Vice Pres., St. Ann's Home Miss Roger A. Young 1220 Fairmont Street College Alumnae Club Charles E Russell 2011 Eye Street Inter-Racial Committee- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in the District Louise H. Pack 227 S Street Pres., College Alumnae Club Mrs. H.M. Skinner Inter-Racial Committee of the Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Mrs. Miriam Hamey 1768 Columbia Rd. Chrs. of Inter-Racial Committee Bahai Assembly Dr. Samuel J. Porter Sr. W.L. Derby 503 McLachlen Bldg. Dean Butler Pratt Howard University Chr., Inter-Racial Committee of the Federation of Churches To the Members of the Inter-racial Committee: It seems necessary now that we should have a frank understanding as to the future and work of the Committee. It was called to meet on the night of February 19th at the usual place. There are twenty-three members. Of these five and the Chairman responded to the call and attended the meeting. If at a time when the injustice, discriminations and wrongs heaped upon the colored citizens of the District are more grievous than at any time within our recollection, this represents the interest the members of this Committee take in this situation, we should disband the Committee at once. I had invited Dr. C. Herbert Marshall to address the meeting on the subject of the discriminations practiced against the colored population in the way of public health arrangements. He came and delivered a remarkable address, full of invaluable information -- to five members of the Committee. I do not purpose that this shall happen again. If we do not care, let us frankly admit it and go about the interests that we deem important. I am therefore asking each of you to communicate with me at your earliest convenience and to say plainly whether you wish the Committee to go on or quit. If it is to go on, more than five members will have to come to the meetings or you will have at once to get another chairman. The chairman attended the meeting with the greatest difficulty being carried down two flights of stairs and up the steps at the meeting place. He has no intention of going through that misery for the sake of meeting with five members of the Committee. Let it be therefore one thing or the other and that at once. Either some interest in the fate of the colored people or quit. Yours very truly, Charles Edward Russell 2011 I St NW THE COLOR LINE IN OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS A STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SCHOOL FUNDS AND SCHOOL OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN NEGROES AND WHITES IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Sponsored by THE INTER-RACIAL COMMITTEE OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Secretary Mrs. M. S. Thompson, 1230 Fairmont St., N. W., Washington, D.C. Written by HARLAN E. GLAZIER with the collaboration of the following sub-committee on education Dr. Sara W. Brown, Chairman; Harlan E. Glazier, Secretary: Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Dr. E. P. Davis, Dr. William Taylor, and Rev. A. F. Elmes. "The once cherished American tradition of 'equal opportunity for all' has become a stupendous but bitter joke." Charles Edward Russell Chairman of Inter-Racial Committee of the District of Columbia THE COLOR LINE IN OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS On account of the specious doctrine held by many that Negroes in Washington are getting a wonderfully square deal in the matter of the apportionment of funds for educational purposes, the Inter-Racial Committee of the District of Columbia requested its sub-committee on education to study the situation. The following report embodies, in necessarily brief form, the findings of the subcommittee. The basic laws for the District of Columbia specify the educational funds are to be divided between the whites and the Negroes according to the proportion of children between the ages of six and seventeen in the two groups, respectively: thus a dual system. In practice, the officials ostensibly assign one-third for Negro education. That there are ways of evading this "even-handed justice" will be demonstrated in the following pages. THE PLAN TO BE FOLLOWED is that of comparison and contrast. While simple arithmetical calculation shows that the colored children have for their edification approximately one-third of the buildings used for public school purposes in this city, further questions remain as to the provisions for them in such aspects as location, space, equipment, repairs, health conditions, etc. In this connection attention must be called to the policy of packing Negro citizens into restricted areas, with ghetto conditions, and to the accompanying device of locating schools for them within narrow confines. Thus, within the territory in Northwest, bounded by North Capitol Street, Massachusetts Avenue, Ninth Street and Florida Avenue, are located sixteen schools for Negroes. Although the six senior high schools for the whites are conveniently spaced throughout the city, the three for the colored are, almost literally, within a stone's throw of one another. It is to the problem of the senior high schools that we first turn our attention, for a series of comparisons and contrasts. DUNBAR AND CENTRAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS If the theory of equality for the two races in our public schools is also a matter of practice, we must look for the same grade of equipment, building location, health conditions, etc. in Dunbar and Central, senior high schools of approximately the same age and instituted for the purpose of providing general, or comprehensive, academic courses, for Negroes and for whites, respectively. Dunbar, on First Street, between N and O, Northwest, has the merit of not being a "hand-me-down" from the whites. Its site, as well as those of Armstrong, is over an old creek bed, so that money urgently needed for other purposes had to be expended for costly construction piles and in filling the depressions. Pumps are still employed to rid the Dunbar basement of surplus water. Its architecture, moreover, had to be adapted to the small plot of land available in the high-priced section for real estate. "Look here, upon this picture, and on this," as Hamlet advised his mother. Central High, set on an elevation removed from this congested areas, surrounded by its spacious stadium and by lawns and tennis courts on the other sides, as well as by its own imposing approaches and by quiet environing streets, is well isolated both from traffic problems and from the disturbances incident to the Dunbar site. While Dunbar is not overcrowded, certain rooms are too small for the needs, and equipment is lacking in many instances for carrying on the prescribed courses. Curiosity shops should send their agents to procure some of the museum stuff that forms a part of the tools provided for budding scientists of color. There are, it is superfluous to remark, no such anachronisms at Central, in the machine shop of which, by the way of illustration, there is a surface grinder, the last word in mechanical precision. Central, incidentally, is probably the only high school in the country to own such an apparatus. Again, while Dunbar struggles along in cramped quarters and with scanty paraphernalia in its printing shop, Central has even a flatbed press in addition to the several smaller ones in use. "COMPARISONS ARE ODOROUS," as Shakespeare's Dogberry opined, when we consider the libraries in Central and Dunbar. The former has about ten thousand volumes, practically up to date, since two thousand were discarded a short time ago. The Dunbar library, on the other hand, while sufficiently endowed with space, is nevertheless sadly lacking in what is commonly regarded as a requisite for libraries- books. Some three thousand five hundred volumes are listed, only about twelve hundred of which are up to date. In proof may be cited the following selected gems- and not improbably careful search would uncover even more bizarre freaks: a handbook on geology of the vintage of 1863 and several others nearly as old; a work on practical electrics dating back to 1890, long before our huge electrical developments; a treatise on chemistry produced in 1894, when they still believed in the indivisibility of the atom, etc. Omitting scores of glaring features that really demand notice, we pass to a brief consideration of the health and physical training conditions in these two institutions. Dunbar, like Central, has a stadium, but the former must share its facilities with several other Negro schools. In the Dunbar girls' gymnasium, to cite one bad distinction, we find prevailing dampness, cold and poor ventilation as natural corollaries of its sub-basement location. Even the office of this tabernacle for the inculcation of physical grace and well- being must serve as a storage place for all sorts of junk, since the quarters are patently too small for the nearly nine hundred girls in attendance. The equipment is so aged that numerous articles needed for physical training, having won many wound chevrons through long service, have been discarded for the sake of safety and cannot 3 be replace for lack of funds. The lighting is far from best and the ventilation and plumbing systems operate under the infirmities of old age and debility, so that the rooms and corridors are ill supplied with light and air and the toilets and drinking fountains function irregularly and temperamentally. There has been no general overhauling for years. Comedy--and possibly tragedy--is provided in the so-called emergency and rest room. Formerly a toilet for the women teachers, it is painfully inadequate in both space and furnishings. Since it must be used for both boys and girls, embarrassing situations often arise. For instance, as the matron recounts with a fine sense of humor, on one occasion, when the one double bed was occupied by a boy with a hemorrhage, a girl in a dead faint caused by a fall was brought in. The only feasible procedure was to tumble her into the bed with the boy. No such casualties could occur for Central pupils. Their physical, their intellectual, and, it must be said, their moral natures have far more abundant opportunities to expand normally amid their superior environments. A WIDE VARIANCE The differences between (colored) Armstrong and (white) McKinley, senior technical high schools, are even more striking. The location of Armstrong is in a densly-populated section, across O Street from Dunbar. Designed to house about eleven hundred pupils, Armstrong has to take care of more than sixteen hundred. This marvel of packing is accomplished by the use of five freeze-in-the-winter and roast-in-the-summer portables, the only recommendation for which is that they have abundant light and air. Between the two parts of the building runs an alley across which students pass and from which they may peer into the adjacent Brooks' Court, a den of vice that claims the proud eminence of being the worst in the city. Here a policeman was murdered a year or so ago and all sorts of obscenities are practiced daily for the edification of our budding citizenry--an extra-curricular course in sociology. It should be obvious that this crime-infested alley and its surrounding hovels ought to be purchased and converted into a much-needed playground for Armstrong. Although Armstrong is supposed to be devoted especially to instruction in shop work, industrial trades, etc., a woeful lack of facilities is evidenced. As a glittering example, the machine shop may be cited. Into the one room are stacked, almost literally, lathes inherited from the Navy, some of them forty years of age and veritable treasures for the Smithsonian. While the instructors have displayed much ingenuity in fitting up electric motors and other modern attachments for these old fossils, these relics, decrepit and lacking in safety devices, are so manifestly passe that sixteen of them have been ordered replaced, but at the rate of two a year, so that bushels of opportunities for maiming the boys still remain. There is no room for bench work. A similar condition prevails in the sheet-metal shop, from which the forges had to be removed. In fact, all the shops are crowded far beyond their normal capacity. 4 The printing shop is so poorly off for material resources that one-half of the applicants are turned away. In order to set up a radio transmitting station, the instructor in the electrical department had to advance more than $1,000 of his own money. Among the other laudable efforts of teachers and pupils to get the most possible out of the make-shifts granted them by the beneficent system may be mentioned the segment of space surrounded by four walls, in which classes numbering up to forty-five receive training in the shoe-repairing industry. One of the similar handicaps for the girls is the parsimony exhibited in allowing space and tools for their training in kitchen and cafeteria management. One small double sink must accommodate the traffic incident to 1,621 pupils and the teachers, and only one oven is available for forty girls in a cooking class. So bad is the ventilation in both the kitchen and the cafeteria that the fumes of food penetrate far into the other parts of the building. The health conditions in Armstrong are far from satisfactory, among the deplorable items being the poor lighting that has been frequently condemned by the Board of Health and the impossibility of keeping the rough asphalt floors in a sanitary condition. Everywhere are found evidences not only of a marked shortage of funds for operating, but also of stark overcrowding and other menaces to the health of the occupants of the building. "FAR FROM THE MADDING CROWD" so painfully prominent in the story of Armstrong and Dunbar, is the site of McKinley, the reverse picture for Armstrong. When McKinley outgrew--metaphorically and perhaps physically--its former home at Seventh Street and Rhode Island Avenue, Northwest, and turned over its old clothes to the Negroes for Shaw Junior High, the hospitable (to whites) Federal Government welcomed it to an attractive twenty-six-acre tract lying along T Street, Northeast. So generous was Uncle Sam that no part of the lavish appropriation was required for the purchase of real estate, but the whole sum could be applied to building and accoutrements. The fittings, consequently, are the best, both in quantity and in quality. The McKinley structure, with its rambling style of architecture introduced in order to permit a maximum of light and air, can well afford to occupy a large slice of terrain from the ample tract. Although the architects planned for only eighteen hundred pupils, twenty-four hundred are now enrolled. Your observer, however, feels strongly that, since there are no signs visible of serious overcrowding, in any department, the aforesaid architects must have figured on eighteen hundred elephants. For the mechanical drawing courses, to illustrate, they have more room than they can use. Owing to the limitations imposed for this article, only a few features in connection with McKinley can be mentioned. Its library has four thousand volumes, all suitable with the exception of contributions by the War Department shortly after the war. A full-time matron presides over a well-appointed little hospital, with five beds and a cot and screens to hide the occupants from 5 alien observation, and a kitchenette adjunct. The printing shop of McKinley would compare favorably with commercial establishments of considerable size. While it has four presses, including an automatic capable of turning out work with celerity, the classes do only a part of the school printing. Even the student publications are printed outside by commercial firms. The staff for these papers has a well set-up business and editorial office contributed by the school. The machine shop for white McKinley presents an INTERESTING "COLOR SCHEME," when contrasted with the excuse for a machine shop for Negroes in Armstrong. Two large, well-lighted rooms house the following list of machinery, some items possibly inadvertently omitted: fifteen lathes, mostly modern ; four milling machines, one arbor press, two grindstones, two special tool grinders, five drill presses, two cutting machines, one bench grinder, two planers, a hardening oven, a forge and an anvil, with hand tools and benches galore. The other shops are similarly stocked and caparisoned. Outside of the structure, the pupils have ample space for all sorts of games, or they may take aesthetic delight in the rolling, terraced grounds, the trees, the flowers and the landscaping effects. It's a far cry from Armstrong to McKinley—much farther than the few blocks that physically separate them—and between them is a great gulf fixed, over which no Negro may pass, unless he gets an appointment as a janitor or other servitor. BUSINESS AS SHE IS DONE The paired senior high schools specializing in business courses are Theodore Roosevelt for the whites and Cardozo for the colored. Here again are monumental disparities, both in location and in all the material resources that make for efficiency and for culture. Cardozo is bounded by the sidewalks of Rhode Island Avenue, Eight Street, R Street, and Ninth Street, with no outdoor space except that afforded by the temporary closing of a street and an occasional look-in at the Walker stadium, adjacent to Dunbar. Even for the military training prescribed by Congress, the boys get all dressed up and no place to go for their drills, other than the street. Originally built to accommodate seven hundred white pupils and later enlarged to hold not more than eleven hundred, Cardozo is now compelled to house nearly fourteen hundred colored children, about three hundred of whom are in the six rooms reserved for lower grades. The school has inflicted upon it the almost deafening noise and the attendant dangers from the incessant traffic, particularly on Rhode Island Avenue and Ninth Street. In addition to these discomforts and perils are the menaces within, since the heavy traffic causes such vibrations that plaster frequently falls from the walls and ceilings. In Cardozo, as in Shaw, the gymnasia are ghastly jests perpetrated upon the colored youth. Although the girls, who are in the large majority, have fairly commodious quarters—albeit with outworn 6 outworn and insufficient material provisions—the boys are domiciled gymnastically in a contemptibly restricted pigeon-hole, wherein they may indulge mildly in hand ball and paddle tennis. Games requiring any approximation of room are of course out of the picture. They could play ping pong if they had the tables. In order to keep the boys occupied, the instructor has to resort to such trivial expedients as utilizing in the halls a miniature croquet set, which is stored in a shallow box about two feet by four inches in dimensions—verily a major athletic sport—and a gymnasium of gimcracks. The shelves of the Cardozo library are as bare as Mother Hubbard's cupboard. History—or legend—records that there was once on display a dictionary—whereabouts at present unknown. A VERY MUCH GROWN-UP AND SOPHISTICATED CHILD of the old Business High School, which formerly occupied the present habitat of Cardozo, is Theodore Roosevelt Senior High. Established in the "swanky" neighborhood of Thirteenth and Upshur Streets, Northwest, and, with Macfarland Junior High, commanding an area of nearly seventeen acres, Roosevelt, particularly in its commercial courses, represents about the ultimate in material wealth of outfit. Since the land was donated, the school funds could be expended profusely in other ways. Owing to the amplitude of room for architectural effects, the privileged white youngsters, in their academic activities, are sequestered, not only from the roar of traffic that makes such a hell for Cardozo and Shaw, but also from the noises emanating from the auditorium, the music department and the gymnasia, which are placed in the wings. This institution is justly proud of its commercial department. Omitting the splendid array of appliances of the smaller sort, we not one hundred twenty larger contrivances, ranging through various calculating, bookkeeping, duplicating and billing machines, dictaphones, addressographs, etc. The calculating machines alone cost $3,600. A photographic outfit reproduces fine, detailed work, which is then turned out in quantities on a multilith machine that cost nearly $2,000. All the well-known makes of typewriters and computators are on hand. In marked contrast to the rheumatic chairs in vogue at Cardozo, the best of secretarial desks and seats welcome the embryo business lights of Roosevelt. Pupils get ample training in filing as well as in many other branches, and they have the best mechanical devices to aid them. Nearly three hundred filing outfits and one hundred instruction records are listed. In banking, too, the classes have the advantage of the best in tools. Thus Roosevelt graduates, it is claimed, may get entree into the best offices in the city, while Cardozo alumni, handicapped by the senseless restrictions imposed by our racial fixations as well as by the meagre aids granted in their training, must take whatever jobs they can get or none at all. The biological laboratories in Roosevelt are remarkably endowed. In one of the three rooms are thirty-two microscopes, each costing about $100. Each pupil has his own locked desk, to preserve his work from molestation between sessions. The library has 7 4,500 volumes, all alive, since the dead wood was recently discarded. A full-time librarian, with student helpers at her disposal, is in charge. Words almost fail in the effort to portray the gymnasia of Roosevelt in contrast to those of Cardozo. Abundant room, copious stores of instrument, shower baths and separate quarters for visiting athletic teams, cedar closets to preserve athletic togs out of season and airy basket lockers for them in season—these are a few of the treasures laid up in Roosevelt for the privileged. Perhaps the apex in achievement for the "upper clawsses" is the Roosevelt laundry—at a cost of $16,000. Cardozo and the other Negro schools would gasp at this sum for their entire athletic equipment. While the first aid room for the boys is not particularly impressive, the girls have a swell lay-out. Even a cursory glance through the roomy corridors of Roosevelt, into its attractive rooms, and over its stadium, tennis courts, lawns, drives, parking spaces, promenade grounds, etc., will convince one of the material supremacy of this school. In the above pages, the attempt has been made to present in a series of "BLACK AND WHITE" SILHOUETTES, a few of the glaring diversities between the three Negro high schools and their white counterparts. Much illustrative matter might be derived from a presentation of the results of our investigations at the three other white schools, but this paper must be held within limits. THE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SITUATION After visiting thirteen of the eighteen junior high schools of the city, your representative reached the conclusion, verified by consultation with others, that in this branch of the system, Negroes fare much better, relatively, than they do in the senior academies. The reason for this anomaly in the treatment of the colored is undoubtedly that the junior high development—exploratory courses for pupils emerging from the grades, in order that they may properly orient themselves—is comparatively new in Washington. These intermediate schools were instituted here some sixteen years ago. To the Negroes are assigned six of the eighteen junior highs—the "sacred proportion"—but, since only one new construction is proposed for the colored as against five or possibly six for the whites, according to the five-year plan now before Congress, the "sacred proportion" with respect to junior highs may be scheduled for a jolt. Additions and repairs for both divisions and one replacement for the whites are recommended in the program. Aside from such aspects—and their importance cannot be overstated—as overcrowding, poor location, deplorable environments, shortage of equipment, particularly in the matter of libraries, and excessive teacher-loads in the Negro junior highs, they are, in the newer buildings, about on a par with the white institutions of the same category. Alice Deal, for whites, and Francis, for the 8 colored, are both up to date and have spacious surrounding grounds. Both are satisfactorily supplied with modern furniture and with facilities for class-room work, and both are in line for extensions, to meet the needs of expansion. Some time, when Congress in its beneficent all-wisdom, orders funds for transforming the adjacent street, the driveways, the walks and the playgrounds from the mud-holes that they now are, the Benning Road site, in Northeast, as the locale for several Negro schools, will be attractive. There is also the little matter of completing the Browne junior high building and equipment, such as providing a gymnasium and dressing rooms for the girls. The teaching staff of Browne is painfully shorthanded. Classes run as high as fifty-five. No instructor at all for the printing shop and too few teachers in the home economics department mark other deficiencies. The library, although the school has been in operation about three and one-half years, is still in the decidedly early embryonic stage. A brief passing comment must suffice for the contrasting pair, Garnet-Patterson (colored) and Macfarland (white). The former has an alleged playground about the size of two ordinary residence lots, and the latter shares with Roosevelt the beautiful expanse above depicted. The teachers in the colored school are struggling valiantly to get along under the hampering conditions of rooms that are positively too small to accommodate the classes and, in some cases, with insufficient equipment. Its only library is made up of sparse contributions by teachers and friends. The school board has neglected this customary adjunct of the junior high school. The ancient Terrell Junior High is much worse off. While the old building, owing to the fighting qualities of the principal, is kept in a decent state of repair, even her vigilance and insistence have thus far been unable to overcome official inertia to the extent of getting a library and other much needed implements of the trade, belonging to the established program. Seven hundred forty pupils are domiciled where only six hundred ought to be, and there is an overflow of more than a hundred junior high youngsters distributed among the already overburdened senior high schools. SHRIEKING FOR ATTENTION ! Shaw, for the colored, and Jefferson, for the whites, are both disgraces to our school system. There is, however, this one conspicuous difference in their outlook: that Jefferson will soon be rebuilt on a new site, part of which is already owned by the authorities, while Shaw seems doomed to its present bad surroundings, for durance vile. Shaw has many features that qualify it to be the particularly disreputable exemplification of the "hand-me-down" schools. In a building—externally impressive but presenting an antithetical picture within—designed for 1200 pupils, are packed more than 1500. So pronounced is the congestion that chairs have been placed around the edges in several rooms, and in many cases the overflow pupils are unable to see work put on the blackboards. As many as sixty pupils are recorded in some of the classes. And the noise! On Seventh Street is a continuous procession, 9 procession, in two directions, of street cars and automobiles, while, on Rhode Island Avenue, trucks and automobiles contribute mightily to the din. Two of the tragic jokes played on Shaw are the so-called gymnasia, though why these morgues should be thus denominated is more than your sub-committee can comprehend. Much of the time of the matron is consumed in removing splinters from the anatomies of the victims of Congressional and municipal neglect. This "lumber" is acquired by contact with the floors and the equipment. Ventilation for these temples of health and beauty comes from a smelly back alley. The provisions for instruction in science and the trades would be ridiculous, were the needs not so desperately felt. The five general science rooms (that's what they optimistically call them) are only cubby-holes formerly used by the white youth for small special classes. The printing shop, with seats for only twenty-five, is "stretched" to admit fifty. Thus it is through the shops for carpentry, metal crafts, electrical studies, etc. - everywhere pitiably poor material furnishings and congestion to the nth degree. The old mausoleum designated as Jefferson Junior High School, at Sixth and D Streets, Southwest, suffers mainly from its juxtaposition to the railroad tracks at a point where there is much switching of freight cars. Since the School Board will not newly equip buildings scheduled for early replacement, Jefferson is not well furnished with the means for carrying along the junior high program. As indicated above, these restrictions on white development will soon be removed. By far the most interesting feature of Jefferson is the make-up of its constituency. It may well be labelled the melting-pot of Washington, for under its roofs assemble children of the following racial extractions: Greek, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian, Chinese, Jews of various national origins, and French, as well as those differentiated as Americans. At the end of each semester, one member of the graduating class is selected as "best citizen" and his or her name is engraved on a cup. A recent winner of the honor was the son of a Chinese laundryman. The boy was also valedictorian of his class. There is absolutely no race prejudice, it is claimed. The suggestion of your investigator that the experiment of admitting American Negroes be tried, did not, decidedly, meet with approval. ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS Accepting the limitations of space, your sub-committee is omitting from this survey, discussions concerning the two teachers' colleges as well as regarding the vocational and platoon schools, in which branches we have not unearthed any marked discriminations against the Negroes. We pass therefore to a brief review of only a few of the elementary schools visited. In these, let it be recorded for the sake of fairness, the disparities, as between the two races, are not so glaring as in the case of the senior highs. 10 Two old schools, Force, on Massachusetts Avenue, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets, Northwest, and Lincoln, at Second and C streets, Southeast, afford an interesting study in lily-while and macabre tints, respectively. Both are recommended for abandonment twenty-eight years ago. Force, since the deed of gift by Peter D. Force contained the proviso that the property must be used for school purposes or revert to his heirs, is therefore continued as an adjunct to Ross. Traditions of ultra-respectability permeate the atmosphere of Force, for on its roster are registered the names of sons of Theodore Roosevelt and that of Col. Charles Lindbergh. This home for the great and near-great conducts special courses in domestic science and art and also has a library--features unknown in the colored elementary schools. Force has succeeded in getting rid of its old furniture. It possesses a playground with twenty-two swings, a slide board, two balance beams and two see-saws for its 387 pupils. Lincoln, about the same age as Force but belonging to quite another era in its equipage, now exists as an overflow house for Giddings. The make-shift playgrounds of Lincoln--about five hundred square feet and destitute of implements--make a poor showing in comparison with Force. The same is true concerning the non-existent library of Lincoln, and its dampness and cold and general run-down condition. Wilson (colored) on Seventeenth Street, near Euclid, North-west, born in the epoch when the city was bounded on the north by Florida Avenue and hence belonging then to the "country," shows many marks of hard usage and ancient vintage. During severe winter weather it cannot be heated satisfactorily. At present, it is used both as an annex to Morgan and as offices for the research department. The presence of adult clerical workers contributed by one of the alphabetical projects is said to be not conducive to the welfare of the youngsters. Morgan, inherited from the whites, is menaced by the traffic of four practically converging streets, California, V and Champlain Streets, and Florida Avenue. It appears that this good building was remanded to the Negroes on account of the perils of life and limb incident to the traffic, since in our economy, LOW VALUES ON COLORED LIVES AND MEMBERS constitute the rule of procedure. It would seem to your subcommittee that, in view of the scant recreational facilities for Morgan, some arrangements should be made whereby the adjoining municipal playgrounds for white children could be utilized for Morgan playgrounds for white children could could be utilized for Morgan youngsters. It is possible that the presence of colored lads and lassies, especially during the hours when whites are not there, might not poison the atmosphere. When the pale-faces moved out to the abode that is now Morgan, they went only a few blocks along California Street into the then new John Quincy Adams structure, at Nineteenth Street. Perched high above the street level, and amid attractive dwellings and well-treed lawns, John Quincy Adams has the appearance of being within the confines of a park. There is a function for the 11 well-known grain of salt in connection with the assertion that this edifice is overcrowded. Its current enrollment is about eight hundred, whereas it sheltered one thousand during the previous year. It's elementary pupils share with the junior high department the privileges of the library and the well-appointed playground. Wallach, the oldest building to be used as an elementary school for whites, occupies grounds on D Street, Southeast, from Seventh Street to Eighth. Across D Street is a park and its own lawns have some beautiful trees. Wallach has a library in a separate room - try to find one in a colored school. Simmons-Douglass, the marriage ceremony for the two hoary- headed contracting parties having been performed by the erection of an addition to join them, is on Pierce Street, between First Street and New Jersey Avenue, Northwest. With an enrollment of 1,125, classes running up into the forties and practically no space for outdoor activities or for proper light and air, this combination illustrates well some of the ghetto conditions to which Negroes are subjected. In the near-by Jones and Banneker schools, the over- loading is even worse. Although the children are all of the third grade and younger, classes run as high as forty-nine. No living teacher should be asked to take charge of so many little tots. Furthermore, there are eight part-time classes, with the consequence that children are running the streets when they should be in school. This congestion will be relieved, presumably, if the wishful thinking of the five-year program materializes. The bad social conditions in the ghetto district are far from being ameliorated by the surplusages in the schools. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 1. Although your sub-committee, in this report, is confining its attention to the specific question of the equitable distribution of educational facilities as regards the two colors in the segments of the school population in the District of Columbia, we cannot refrain from uttering a protest against the nefarious segregation engendered by our dual system of education. From the point of view of efficiency in business administration, even, the system is bad. No chain store corporation, for instance, would think of setting up exclusively one unit for Negroes and another for whites within the same narrow confines. Far worse are the inconveniences and dangers entailed upon many pupils of the colored race, who, inasmuch as they are shut out from class-room contact with the white children, are compelled to cover long distances, through traffic mazes, in order to reach school. Even more serious is the impelling tendency of segregation to fix upon Negroes the much cussed and discussed "inferiority complex." To be sure, if separate administration were abolished, many well-qualified Negro teachers, and particularly executives, might lose their jobs. Your sub-committee feels that nothing short of fundamental changes in our underlying economic and political order can be of avail in ending segregation and its attendant evils. 12 2. It is readily admitted by your investigators that, in comparison with the deeper South, school conditions for the colored youth of Washington are admirable. It is, furthermore, true that Negro schools here receive a considerably larger share of the public funds than would be mathematically allocated to them on a pro rata basis according to the relative amount of taxes raised from Negro sources. To the specious arguments along these lines, advance by our opponents, there are these replies : first, that the capital city of the nation should set up as a standard for the whole country, the motto blazoned upon the Supreme Court building, "Equal Justice under Law"; second, that the Southern states, whence arise most of the antagonisms toward social and economic justice for the Negroes, are by far the most outstanding recipients of Federal charity in various forms ; and third, that mathematics should not be the ultimately determining factor in considering human welfare. "To him that hath shall be given" may be a sad commentary on the procedure of our cock-eyed civilization, but it is not a good norm for the ethical and ideal conduct of affairs. Another voluntary concession of your sub-committee is that the disparities noted in the foregoing pages, while most frequently prominent in the senior high schools, are markedly fewer in the other domains, particularly in the newer buildings erected specifically for Negroes. Equality, however, excepted in rare, isolated cases, is an unattained goal. 3. While, theodetically, colored Washingtonians have the assurance based on the organic law for the District of Columbia, that disbursements for educational purposes are proportioned according to the relative school populations in the two races, practice by no means uniformly follows the theory. The present interpretation of the law is that colored schools shall receive one-third of the funds. Statistics as of March 12, 1936, however reveal that Negro children comprise 35.6 per cent of the whole school population, distributed as follows : teachers' college, 55.5 per cent ; senior highs, 25 per cent ; junior highs, 32.4 per cent. Again there is a constant tendency to alter the established proportion in favor of the whites. During the closing days of the hectic 1936 session of Congress, the budget presented by the School Board was thrown askew to the extent that the colored divisions will only receive 28 per cent during the coming year. Your sub-committee urgest that there should be, not a lowering of the appropriations for the white schools, but a legitimate and just increase for the colored, to balance. According to the WISHFUL THINKING FIVE-YEAR PROGRAM submitted by the Board of Education to Congress, the following ratios for the whites and the colored, respectfully, are advocated : new constructions, sixteen to six ; replacements twelve to one. In the vocational school section, for example, although colored pupils constitute 49.6 per cent of the total enrollment, they are to draw 13 no new buildings, while the whites get two and two replacements. Three white schools are to be turned over to the Negroes. It is also proposed to release Miner Teachers' College (colored) for an elementary Negro school, and to erect a new Miner— included in the above computation. 4. The packing of any groups into restricted areas and the consequent establishment of ghetto conditions are commonly recognized as incentives to crime breeding. Our dual style of education, efficiently aided by the real estate interests, is making a notorious contribution toward this end, to the detriment of the Negroes as well as of society in general. Truancy and delinquency, two open doors to criminal careers, are especially prevalent where the schools are overcrowded as the colored schools in this city decidedly are, and where the truancy laws are but slightly enforced. To relieve the congestion, half-time sessions have been introduced in several schools, both white and colored. There is, however, this noteworthy dissimilarity: Papa and Mama White, in the vast majority of cases, are far better able, financially, to take care of Johnny and Mary and to keep them out of mischief during their off hours, than are Mr. and Mrs. Brown, who are struggling so desperately to find jobs that they cannot properly attend to their offspring. Among the striking injustices to which our colored citizenry are subjected through the limiting of their schools to prescribed and congested areas are: the confining of children at an impressionable age to sombre and depressing environments, which cannot fail to affect their later careers, instead of taking pains to surround them, for many hours during the academic year, with uplifting influences; condemning the colored members of society, in many cases, to unsuitable "hand-me-down" schools abandoned by the whites; the totally inadequate spaces provided, in the high-priced real estate sections, for playgrounds and physical education, to say nothing of light and air; and the, possible unintentional, co-operation of the Board of Education with the real estate interests and many whites with a Southern complex, to shunt the Negroes into these obnoxious conditions and environments. 5. Too much emphasis cannot be laid on the relatively poor equipment of the colored schools, particularly in the senior highs, as already pointed out. In both quality and quantity, as well as in the old age and the "sickness" of perquisites in the Negro schools, the defects must prove disheartening to both teachers and pupils. 6. One burden of the Washington Negro population, particularly distressing in that they are thereby exposed to many unearned charges of vagrancy, criminality, etc., is that this city serves as a mecca for a great influx of colored people from the South. These refugees from economic slavery, from constantly menacing starvation and from far more terrible fates, as suggested by the malodorous persecutions of the Scottsboro boys, Angelo Herndon and many others, and by the frequent lynchings, are naturally unable to adjust themselves immediately to the new environments and hence get into trouble with the authorities. 14 7. Your sub-committee is please to report many instances of a fine spirit of public service rendered by colored teachers, who freely contribute out-of-school hours in the effort to improve the home surroundings of their needy charges. Co-operating with the parents, they succeed in collecting and distributing old and new articles of clothing; they further community enterprises and, in general, are an uplifting medium. There is abundant material for an extended thesis in connection with this theme. Your sub-committee would urge upon the colored teachers and officials, brave and efficient and loyal to their own as they are, that they cast off certain appearance of humility, observable in some cases, and demand from the system real parity for themselves and their pupils. Repairs and replacements for outworn and outmoded paraphernalia, as well as new supplies from libraries, workshops and the like, will come, not from resignation to things as they are, but through insistence on valid rights. In this program parents may well join. In this connection, your sub-committee wishes to stress the point that, while we have colored vocational schools and a technical high school, with competent and worthy pupils graduating therefrom, all repairs in our school buildings—for the colored as well as for the whites—are made by white mechanics. Of this injustice the Board of Education is well aware, since numerous protests have been filed with that body. 8. In addition to the excessive "pupil-loads" imposed upon colored teachers in their frequently "elongated" classes, as well as the extra labors they voluntarily assume in the nature of social welfare work in the homes of their pupils, they are subjected to another kind of inequality—a clear evasion of the legal requirements that call for parity of remuneration. The trick is worked in this way: while the colored teachers are required in specific instances to do the same grade of work as their white confreres, the former are ranked as "assistants" with correspondingly lower salaries. The same educational standards are demanded. 9. For the discriminatory practices and conditions noted in this paper, the Board of Education cannot, in the opinion of your sub-committee, escape the direct responsibility. Back of them, to be sure, are both the general superiority attitude of the white population in this Southern city, and the flounderings of certain Congressmen besieged by their constituents to maintain the traditional standards of alleged white supremacy. 10. Your representatives gladly contribute their bit to the scotching of the snake of alleged inferiority of the Negroes. Their submerged state is clearly due to their EXPLOITATION UNDER OUR ECONOMIC SYSTEM In the poverty-infested regions of this the capital city of the supposedly richest country in the world, Negroes get the worst of it simply because the upper crust of the whites not only exert direct pressure upon them, but also incite the poorer whites to 15 assist in suppressing their colored fellow-victims of economic bondage. In order to retain their own seats on top, our over-lords must, by all devices, 'keep the Negro (they use a different word) in his place'. 11. Pitiable in the extreme are the wretched abodes of squalor and misery inhabited by down-trodden Negroes in the District of Columbia. One striking exemplification of the neglect by society of the under-privileged- and by this case might be duplicated many hundred-fold -- is afforded by the sad plight of one Negro woman and her three fatherless children. Compelled to provide for her brood, the mother must toil from midnight until eight in the morning as a charwoman and then seek other jobs during the day in order to provide a bare living. As an inevitable consequence the children do not see their mother for days at a time, and then only when she is worn out by excessive labor and manifestly unfitted to preside over a home. Where are the children during their out-of- school hours? There is a beer garden in the vicinity, from the maws of which mothers have dragged their offspring. It is from such disgraceful conditions as these-- permitted by society -- that children pass first into truancy and later into crime. - The emerging of even one child is a miracle. Where else can our colored children in predicaments of the sort mentioned go? Public playgrounds are few and far between for them, and they have only streets and the welcoming resorts of iniquity. In the predominantly colored section above called the ghetto, there is a good playground for white children opposite the Dunbar school. While colored children may peer through the fence-up to now at least-- they may not trespass upon the sacred precincts. Credit is due to the Parent-Teachers' Association of that neighborhood for their sturdy fight to obtain for their youth a suitable public playground. Your sub-committee, while heartily indorsing all genuine remedial efforts, is strongly of the opinion that much more is needed for the establishment in the District of Columbia, of fundamental rights for our colored citizens. It is our earnest hope that this brief study may, to adapt the words of Edmund Burke, lay a stone for the foundation of the temple of educational, social and economic justice for Negroes. 16 Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.