Speeches & Writings File Miscellaneous fragments COMPOSITIONS Tho reasonable men do not accuse [c??er] official native monarchist parties of direct complicity in the murder, the moral guilt and responsibility for the crime are everywhere attached to the national party - They produced & promoted by their unceasing provocative [attack] activities and unscrupulous attacks upon the republic an atmosphere of murder which made this and preceding crimes possible- This seat wd not have been vacant to day had it not been for the boundless inflammatory agitation directed against the heads of government. Rathenau signed the Russo-German Commercial Treaty at Rapallo after Genoa conference had convened Germany 1st class power recognized the Soviet delegation. Both nations regarded it as a dramatic stroke, since they had been thrown into each other's arena by the allied Statesmen who treated them as 2nd rate countries had it not been for the boundless [?] [?] agitation directed against the heads of government. Joseph Hergesheimer wrote for 14 yrs urged on by a dogged belief in himself without having a single manuscript accepted. Dorothy Speare, Dancers in the Dark The Practical Side of Writing by Robert Cortés Holliday - Bureau of Practical Advice to Writers - Bookman. Hoddar & Stoughton - St Paul's House - Warwick Square, London E C - 4 - England - (John Farrar is editor of the The Bookman 244 Madison Avenue - New York City) Burton Roscoe is library editor of the NY Tribune Carl Van Doren literary editor of The Nation is one of foremost literary critics in America - The Dial - 152 W. 13th St New York City Gilbert Seldes , Editor Up Stream by Ludwig Lewisohn A nation that will not fight to maintain its independence is contemptible, and deserves to pass under the control of another - W Post July 8, 1922 What the record of all history that every destroyer is himself[?] destroyed by the consequences of his own acts often by acts that be regarded lightly as of little importance. Kimono by John Paris Love enters the soul thru the nostrils If you doubt me, observe the animals- BaKa-Fool-obi-sash- O hayo[u?] gazaimas. Respectfully early sensi, master or teacher. Douio ! Si dis' me'! Indeed it is so Sya!Dout[?} - They dont kiss in Japan except husband and wife. Japanese sleep on the floor and the food is bad. Japanese dwarf trees Grants of primeval forest are reduced to the dimensions of a few but - The Japanese have no use for the half caste[?]. The Europeans look down upon them. They dwell apart in a limbo[?] They are the children of Eurasia, the unhappiest people on earth. The Japanese [?] animal where women are concerned. There is no Japanese word for kiss. The Japanese quote the kiss as an indisputable proof of the lowness of our moral standard and as a sign of the guilt not of individuals so much as of our whole civilization. What actually happens does not matter. It is the thought of what might have happened which sticks[?]. Heartache is a fever which runs its appointed course of torment and despair which after a given term abates & then disappears, leaving the sufferer weak but whole again. The second attack of the malady finds its victim familiar with the symptoms resigned to a short period of musing and confident of recovery. In divorce Japan leads the world. "Even the States come second to our country. Among the low class women there are some who have been married 35 [3 or 5?] times, married properly, honourably and legally." Not so many divorces in upper society. Up Stream Continued Man can make neither his gifts nor his character count except thru those methods and institutions which society has organized. From these I had hitherto been in many subtle ways and in one way that was gross & obvious mercilessly excluded. My stories & novels had failed. He read the words which were false and shallow to the core. Life was expurgated 1910. Today Sherwood Anderson finds the conventional periodicals inaccessible. - Dull, vacant faces among the students. The students talk of games parties examinations, never of the contents of the tests who has ever heard any eager argument among these students on art, religion economics, sex that employ the minds of men - The recent introduction of psychological tests is in certain private institutions a weapon against radicals & Jews. Men who graduate from State Universities differ very little from people who have not gone to college. They go to foolish plays, read silly magazines and fight for every poisonous fallacy in politics, religion and conduct. A professor of Geology in the University of Central City was publicly converted by Billy Sunday. That he was not fired & considered capable of teaching his science symbolized the situation in its naked horror. Who has ever seen students keen about anything but football and fudge? Our people do not believe in education at all if education means a liberation of the mind or a heightened consciousness of the historic culture of mankind. College is to fit you to do things, build bridges, teach French. It is not supposed to help you to be. A thoughtful physician assured me that 9/10 of those young Americans were undersexed. Is it not Democracy to set the individual free to make room in the world for all types of personality to make life comradly, vivid, flexable They are all intolerant. They dont want to be high brows. I stopped going to Commencements. One year there were 800 graduates – 70% shd never have gotten there 70% cd stand no test, not the simplest in fundamental thinking or judging. Even with our enforced slackness. How did these students escape after 4 mortal yrs so uncontaminated by wisdom & understanding. The faculty had to leave a function at 9:30 because they stood in consummate terror of their uninteresting wives. The wine they have never tasted, the white beauty they have never seen, the freedom of art they have never known. all their unconscious hungers have turned to gall and wormwood in their crippled souls. Dreiser's The Genius was forbidden by the Society for the Prevention of Vice. Art is the record and clarification of deepest human experience. Think of the day you saw your mother die, of the hours you lay in bitter labor with your first born, of the moment when you came, a virgin, to a man's embrace. These are sources of art. Or have you ever been hungry, or an outcast, or fought single handed in a good cause? Is there no rebellion against the dark unveracity that degrades & muffles all the instincts of man? Liberty means progress. the liberty of individuals to rebel against the mass life, to repudiate mass thinking, to shatter the folk ways, to be the instruments of change. A society in which majority opinion and public law have not seen to the tolerance of such free personalities is a society without liberty and without hope from within Truth is what prevails That is one reason why I think this Christian capitalistic civilization will be overturned, at its core festers a cancerous lie The super structure will decay. A man's first duty is to his honor, not to his country, not to his party Up Stream – Ludwig Lewisohn – Among all the villagers there was a moderate amount of hard working and a good deal of sexual irregularity, especial- ly with Mulatto women – (42) Ludwig's father "treated negro customers with a contemptuous disregard." 52 His father thought neither poverty nor humble employment could keep an educated man from the society of his intellectual equals. But there was utter friendlessness They were left in a state of solitariness which would have broken stronger or better balanced natures. The same dreary tasks day after day, year after year. The same lonly lamp light in the evening, never a knock at the door or the sound of a friendly voice for fifteen yrs. He sold furniture among them and collected the installments. It was not the fault of the school that my mind was impervious to any form of mathematical reasoning. He was tormented for being a Jew and had fight. His teacher said while the class scanned verse _ That is the only boy who has a natural ear for verse_ I had a gift for literature. I knew it now. I never doubted it again. My fate had found me. 68- In the High School he felt the consciousness of sex. The boys told pointless nasty jokes. An absurd exaltation of woman is a characteristic note of Southern life He was taught that a woman is a being without passion without any feelings of the grosser sort. A southern mans behavior to a woman not good is currish 74 The South was right in the war, the Dem. Party was the only means of saving the white race from obliteration by the nigger good women are sexless, Keep your hat on in a harlot's house"-He wanted to take his hat off in a harlot's house The insult seemed so futile and so cruel- He didn't dare - There was hostility to everything Jewish or German - I hated to admit this fact of our social isolation- I wished to live in harmony with the society of which I felt myself to be an integral part. Chapter IV The Making of an Anglo-American - Chemistry and Mathematics were the snakes in my paradise. Ferris taught me to train myself to write. I was the most prominent student on the campus. My friends-classmates formed a Greek letter fraternity and left me out. I did not know then that the fraternities do not admit Jews - He wd not think about it, Lest should lose all my hopes and see all my life crumble before I was 18 As he pressed my hand all I could think of was his fondness of talking about purity and of his wife emaciated by child bearing & their 6 or 7 small, depressed children. He goes to Columbia University. Tennyson and Wordsworth had no sense for reality only for pseudo-nobility_1904 English fiction had elevated sentiments which were mostly false and sentimental Moores Esther Waters _ Wells The Passionate Friends_ When I read a novel, its usually 113 a French one. You get so much life for your money. He lived in complete spiritual unveracity. Most Anglo-Americans do. His youth was passed amid falseness Moral illusionism is the central weakness of the Anglo-American mind. It never examines right, wrong, pure democracy liberty progress. It holds examining an experience as a sin. If I had a son and say dismiss from your mind all the cant you hear on the subject of sex. The passion of love is the central passion of life It should be humanized. It should be made beautiful. Love is not to be condemned & degraded but exercised & mastered. 117- George Gissings The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft-shows ethical dualism. Lewisohn was not chosen for the doctorate degree at Columbia altho he expected it. He wasn't selected to a scholarship. Brewer wrote, "A recent experience has shown me how terribly hard it is for a man of Jewish birth to get a good position. I did not know how widespread and strong it is The chances are against you. "So long as there is discrimination, there is exile." My heart burned with grief and remorse to the thought of my brethren in exile all over the world. I believed equality of opportunity was in the spiritual foundation of the Republic. Discrimination was everywhere. All these delusions were swept away. The facts stood out in the sharp light of my dismay. In Berlin no Jew cd become senior professor_but may be associate professor. The Jewish scholars now in American colleges got in 25 years ago when anti-semitism was not so strong as it is today. But no Jew teaches Eng in an American college. Pres and deans deny this but admit it among themselves. A genuine emotion fills the hearts of southern friends who use Mulatto harlots when in the interest of purity and the home they wd not enact any divorce law. Singleton Leaf & Co refused to publish Dreisers first great book after promising to do so but published everything else. A friend told him maybe you could get stuff into the magazines more easily if you used a pseudonym- Your name's very Jewish. His stories sent to the Atlantic Monthly were rejected - Stories in Amer magazine have no contact with real life at any point. Dishonest, sapless twaddle guided by [by] an impossible moral perfectionism, a false perfectionism, strung on a string of pseudo romantic love. Sent his stories to Smart Set which accepted them. The literary aspirant is told never be discouraged. Rewrite. Send your stories in to be to every magazine in the country. Watch what editors want - Success to him that shake it out, 2-3-5 yrs. Well, I said to myself, I had made up my mind 4 mos before to write to stories. The results showed the absurdity of the humdrum advice. Henry Mills Alders of Harpers promised to buy L's story, if he gave a happy ending. I made it happy but Harper's didn't take it. The editors told him his stories had uncommon merits but they were too sombre. Often I wrote on my sheer nerves. & I was discouraged. The respectable magazines wd have none of me. They rejected my stories & poems with rigid regularity. The editors praised my work but didn't buy it. Flaubert, James & Conrad were my teachers. Above all George Moon. Neither Dreiser nor Balzac has style. Dreiser edited The Delineator in the Butterick Bldg. He has seen life more largely & truly than any other Amer. novelist. He has let life interpret itself upon the basis of its eternal facts - Lewisohn wrote a novel against which the young person was warned the mythical theoretical young person must be protected. His book didn't sell. Anthony Comstock the human symbol of the basic lies of our social structure confiscated the copies and destroyed the plates. "Literature to be wholesome should portray life as it ought to be," he was told. Without passion or sorrow or the hardihood of tho't - I was beaten, broken breadless - I was a scholar and forbidden to teach, an artist and forbidden to write - Liberty, opportunity, the words had nothing friendly to my ear - He pawned his silver His father would send a money order and a small cheque wd come in - I am not sure how we did live - He went to Brent at Columbia, a bitter thing to do - who tried his best to get him a position - "I wrote reviews for the Nation + the Forum read manuscripts for a publishing house and gave a few private lessons. We often pawned silver, putting off from day to day the inevitable collapse." Brent cd get him nothing at Columbia. "I was refused at the University of Va. because I was a Jew. I was refused at the University of Minn because I was a Jew. Ellard his friend who was teaching at Monroe and begged his chief to employ Lewisohn. He refused me because I was a Jew. He was refused at Princeton. He tried to get a position to teach German in a Western university and was refused. The trustees were sounded and wd not have a Jew_ all the men who had refused me at the various universities were Anglo-Amer, pillars of the democracy proclaimers of its mission to set the bond free + equalize life's opportunities for mankind. It was a searching test of the democratic pretensions of the country which these men represent. He was appointed instructor of German at Monroe. I wrote a text book in Germanics. I was convinced thru experience +reflection that my art product could not in this age commend itself to the strange minds of my countrymen. I had a job. I was 28 and the job paid $1000 per yr. I was a wretched failure. Yet I cd not help believing that I had good even notable talents Sloth + shirking were not my faults. why had I been a failure ? It had been so, the answer came, because a Kaga Hill in Banda (Boundjous) Mokoundji, ruler of some kind. N'gakura - God - Bounjoulis, white men Ipeu, the moon Niaou Cat_ li'nghas hoon vouma fly Lolo Sun Bogbo _ mat_ Ouandja, Brother Friend Yassi woman Ipen_ moon Gologolo, snoring Cibissis animals related both to rabbit and rat resembling Djouma the russet dog, Tooroogoo, militiaman Yassi gundja the favorite yassi M'bala, elephant M'barta horse. Kolo, giraffe Garabo, pipe Bamara, Lion Kene, beer made of fermented millet seed. Sandoukous, a heavy burden Yabao, laughter. Koboholo, the sleeping sickness. Bourbance, Ryone Lea lea, death, agony. Kasseri, disease. Koufun, is he dead. Iche Donvorro, strong wind. Koungbas - letteureus (frogs) Excerpts from Rene Maran's novel Batouala which won the Priz de Goncourt for 1921 Batouala If the negro possessed intelligence, there wd be very few Europeans there. in Ouahim in 1918 there were only 1080 souls as against 10000 seven yrs ago. Natives sought nourishment in undigested grains of maize and meal out of horse dung. Montesquieu said "they are black from head to foot, their nose is so flattened, it is almost impossible to pity them. O civilization, civilization, pride of Europeans and charnel house of innocents. Your Kingdom is built on corpses. Whatever your purpose, whatever you do, you wallow in lies Your approach springs a well of tears rouses cries of pain. You are might beheading right. You are not a torch, You are a devastating fire. You consume consume whatever you touch The negro question is a living one- America has made it so, the newspaper campaigns beyond the Rhine, Romulus Coucou, Paul Reboux Pierre Bouardi's Visage de la Brousse Combette's l'Isolement. Jean Finots Employment of black troops. Dr. Huot in the Mercure de France Les Lettres have declared their martyrdom in the US. Mr Andre Lefevre, Minister of War said in a speech in the chamber that certain French officials in reconquered Alsace-Lorraine thought they could behave as tho they were in the French Congo. What goes on in those distant lands is known. Up to now no attempt to remedy the abuse the malpractices and the atrocities which flourish there. Do not follow your compatriots out there brothers. authors of France, to discredit the nation you uphold. Unhappy negroes have been forced to sell as slaves their women at a price varying from 25 to 65 francs apiece. Europeans are so cowardly they wd not utter a denial. If one knew of what daily disgraces the colonial life was composed, we would talk less. Even among the officials the colonial with any pretense at civilization is rare. He cannot resist his surroundings. He takes to drink. Before the War Europeans absorbed more than 5 liters of pernod in a month. In a month he consumed 80 bottles of whisky. Excess reduces even to the most abject state of debility- Representatives of France shd sound the alarm, they are responsible for the evils from which certain tracts of the negro country are suffering- If they want promotion, they must not report any tales- Haunted by this idea they have abandoned all pride, they have hesitated, temporized lied and withheld information- They have been blind They have not had the pluck to speak out- This moral asthema added to intellectual anemia has made them cheat their country without remorse The action of the novel is laid in Oubangui Chari one of the 4 colonies attached to the General Government of Equatorial French Africa- Bounded on the South by the Oubangui, on the east by the dividing line of the Congo-Nile on the north and west by the waters of the Congo and the Chari- Divided into districts (like a department) Its subdivisions are under sub-prefects- The number of Europeans in Bangui the capital of Oubangui Chari has never exceeded 150 souls Grimari was once thickly populated + very rich in rubber + covered with various plantations, overflowing with poultry. and kids- In 7 years it has been utterly ruined- The villages have become fewer, the plantations have vanished, kids + hens have been destroyed The nations have been demoralized by incessant overwork, ill rewarded and rendered incapable of devoting even the bare time necessary to their land- Sickness visits them, famine ravishes them, their numbers diminish And yet they are the offsprings of a robust and warlike tribe, tough and enduring- They could not be destroyed either by enemy forages nor by the perpetual internal dissensions- all the Banda tribes have been known Now, my book, follow the finger of fate Batouala hated to get up- hated work To live from day to day without remembering yesterday, without worrying about tomorrow, without forethought- that was perfect- Better to sit than stand up better to lie down than be sitting Beasts and men sleep under the same roof- On cold days one breathes out smoke proving sleep is a sacred fire- Batouala wore nothing but a loin cloth cold or hot, Africans sing 'Song provides the necessary rhythm for effort- Cassava, sweet potatoes + wild purslane- Yassiguindja smoked Batouala's pipe while he ate- Stew of caterpillars Man and woman are made for another Since they cannot ignore the points on which they differ why worry ? Bodily shame is useless- Modesty is one of those hypocrisies imported by white men. One only conceals an injury or shortcoming. Amongst men and women only those dissemble their good points who know them to be laughable, or unworthy. B passed from cassava to caterpillars and from caterpillars to sweet potatoes. Truly the poor old nigger must look for his chiggers, "Would it were only their feet that stank, their whole body exudes a a corpse-like odor. One can allow of feet being sewn up in bits of leather, but to protect one's eyes with bits of white, yellow blue or black glass, to cover up one's head with little baskets, N'gakoura that beats everything! 40 Gloves, victrola, eyes & teeth! No nigger sorcerers could ever achieve (41) He had drunk the blood of chiefs & they had drunk his. Called his people by beating his linghas. The elephant dance, the dance of javelins & the dance of warriors, the dance of love which the sabangas dance so well. Yougba feasting, drinking, palavers, rejoicing. vekes, pimento, honey, fish + crocodile's eggs. The feast of the ganzas, only once in 12 moons is circumsision performed and excision. Always take a wallet, so many things may be hidden in it! White men don't look where they step. 46 A woman must never refuse a man's desires & vice versa. Instinct alone is law. Batouala had bought Yassiguindja at high price & he alone wished to sow the seed. Bissibingui had reached his 16th season of rains, the age when men worthy the name spend their whole time running after women like a panther after an antelope. Macoude & Batouala were brothers by the same mother & father, not related by the usual tie when a man who can afford it buys several women and has children by all of them Men should not walk abreast. This is forbidden by custom as ancient as the negro race itself. The quarrel between Indouvoura &Yassiguindja. N'gapou, mulatto ? She has an excuse. She has married a white man. It is responsible for everything. She wd tell everybody that Yassiguindja had absorbed a yorro to prevent children She wd ask the ancients to condemn her to take the poison trial. Their victuals, manioc cakes, men, dances & tobacco_ These are the only things worth having. Boula, cowardly, left to guard the spot Kouloungoulou, he dragged his feet. Boula They laughed for the sake of laughing, talked for the sake of talking. Pangakoura says to Batouala. You learn a lot by traveling, if it is only that white men are not very friendly amongst themselves. The N'gakoura of the white man took all of the best materials available and fashioned us out of them. Then he took what was left to make dirty niggers like you Very much later he wanted to make Portugeese men he hunted about and there was nothing left but niggers excrements and so out of these he formed the first Portugeese men." There wd always have been one of those boundjoudoulis who make us pay a pata, yes 5 francs when white men are only charged a meya, ten sous may they perish with open muzzles and their feet sticking in dung _ German or French, they are all white_ why change? We are under the yoke of the French _ we know their good points and their bad_ they play with us like a niaou with a mouse_ the niaou always ends by eating the mouse it plays with_ Since we must be killed and eaten sooner or later, whats the point of having different niaous to the present ones? It is only running away from a wild bull into the paws of a panther Pangakoura the mandjia chief why change the successors would probably prove worse_"They have no love for us + we treat them as they treat us_ We ought to massacre them" "That is right" One day sometime hence, we will _" Yes when everyone who talks, Banda Mandjia or Sango have [has] laid down their (his old quarrels"_ when that happens the Bamba will flow backwards _ And Macoude will catch the moon in his eel pots_' Anyhow, I who am speaking (Batouala) could not possibly do otherwise than loathe white men._ 73_74_ White men have kept pushing the various tribes further & further back. Our submission did not win their good will_ Pay, pay, it is always pay_ "Ouorro, drunk as a white man! Only white men may gamble_ White men are worthless. They have no feeling for us. They treat us as liars_ Our lies don't deceive people. If now and again we exaggerate the truth, it is because the truth is not quite good enough for us. But white men lie for no such purpose There is a method and a purpose in their lying, that is why they are superior to us _ They say niggers hate one another universally Men are all alike, whatever color they may be, I shall never tire of cursing the wickedness of white men. Especially their duplicity. What did they not promise us? Later, they say, you will recognize that we make you work for your own happiness. We only take a small portion of the money we force you to earn, we will use it to build you villages, roads, bridges and machines driven by fire which run on rails. Where are these roads, these bridges, these extraordinary machines. Mata, Nini_ Much worse, they rob us to our last penny instead of exacting only a moiety of our earnings. We are taxable flesh only beasts of burden, no, not even beasts. Dogs, Well no, they feed their dogs & care for their horses. We are less than these, we are the basest of the base. Before white men came they were happy. Now They were only slaves. There was nothing to hope for from that heartless race for boundjous had no heart. They abandoned the children black women bore them, and these children, knowing they had white fathers, do not deign to mingle with niggers. They lived these boundjouvoukos, full of hate, envy, loathed by all, rotting with vice, lazy, and wicked. As to white women, it is no use speaking of them even. For a long time they were thought to be wonderful creatures. They were feared and respected like fetishes. They had changed their opinion now! White women were as easy of access as black, and more sensual. They had vices black women did not know of. And then they demanded respect! The dance of love. Batouala had paid for Yassiguindja with seven loin cloths, a case of salt, three brass necklets, four pots, six hens 20 kids, 40 great baskets full of millet seed and one young female slave. The ordeal of poison 94 Since the boundjous had settled there death was the only refuge for good poor niggers. The only deliverance from slavery. For their happiness could only be found over there in those distant sombre regions from which [white] men were formally excluded. They had covered their heads with ashes and blackened their faces as a sign of mourning. The cried, danced, tore their breasts & limbs & young people peer at old people & tradition of old men & their wisdom. Custom requires corpses to be exposed 8 days. Custom is founded on the experience of the ancients. A M'bis is ceaselessly on the move, as are all niggers, for the matter of that. Here one day - somewhere else tomorrow - and the next day his traces [have] vanished. (103) When irritated, a white man sees red at once. Bandas & act differently, Vengeance is not a food that is eaten hot. It is a good thing to hide your hatred under the most warm-hearted cordiality, cordiality being the ash with which you damp the fire in order to allow it to hatch. Hatred is one long wait. One fine day, when the chances seem favorable, you poison him, who for so many moons, was to you more than a brother. A slave slipped into one circular hole and down the legs of the dead man thru the subterranean passage connecting with the other circular hole opposite. The dead man's back rests against the earth. Seated, he sleeps. The second trench into which his legs stretch is filled up with wood frost, then with earth. On the dogwood a mat is spread. On the mat they heap earth, and this earth is well trampled down. He has in reach of his hand his usual pots and loin cloths- Sallying forth in the night, altho dead, he could wander among the villages of the living, if hungry + thirsty he could make a meal + quench his thirst- clothe himself, if he felt cold- The roof was torn off the dead man's hut. The wooden phallus before the dwelling broken The head of the family was dead. They cut off the head of the hut- A dead male could beget no more- They broke that which stood as a sign of manhood- If someone dies, somebody has made up a yorro, or pronounced incantations- has cast the evil eye Yassiguindja a punctual at this rendezvous came forward, pipe in mouth holding the calabash balanced on her head with her hand- Bissibinguis eyes became hard. He was displeased- Women only dress like this for eight days out of every month and always for the same reason- In other tribes the garment is of black, blue or red stuff instead of crushed leaves or bark. Whatever the color, the reason is the same. Her forehead was bound with a red cord and her hair was uncombed- Just his luck! When he tho't of possessessing he- La voila, malade avec cette maladie common aux femmes every moon made by N'gakoura! She was charming- a little piece of wood pierced the lobe of her left ear, another was fixed to the wall of her right nostril The jewels gave her an air of distinction which suited her alone- She had flat breasts, broad hips, strong round thighs and slender ankles- Her hair was unworthy of such an admirable face and figure as a woman in a state of impurity impurity had for the time to put aside all thoughts of elegance- Bissibingui had a perfect frame, shoulders & chest thick with muscle, no belly & long, full, muscular legs- Those who had known him once loved to keep him, even if the descended to entreaties and lies, had to take his insults, his brutality, his scorn Yassiguindja begs Bissibingui to protect her from those who accuse her of sending an evil spirit to Batouala's father- They had a flock of chickens & left it to its own devices- It fell to the left, not to the right, when it died. That means I am not guilty- But the elders refused to admit the evidence of this sign- They will put me to the poison test I shall drunk much gou'ndi -That will render it harmless- My torturers will not wish to pay for their lies with the presents which enslave demands- They will pour latcha in my eyes- I do not know the antidote. They will call me guilty I shall be beaten, stoned- The men whom I have repulsed will take advantage of my weakness They will make me plunge my hands into boiling water, press a red hot iron on my loins I will suffer torture of hunger and thirst- They will bury me alive by Balouala's father so that my death may appease his wrath and please him- Oh, if I could have prevented the effect of the moon upon my blood, I wd have done it gladly to be yours- Unfortunately, we can do nothing for it, we women. When our blood works thus, we can but wait- You know that well & that I want you more than you can possibly want me My whole being desires you- I belong to you You asked for me- I have come - To love is to be with the man one wants The tooroogous pillage the villages, get the rubber collected & get many presents- They lie to the Commandant who imprisons the entire population- chickens, chiefs, dogs, women, goats, children, slaves, and harvests, which are sometimes sold by auction- They war against poor devils who can't resist- Chapter 8- Bissibingui discussed methods of killing Batouala- Shoot him aiming at an animal? The best shot can miss the target- People are burnt to death. The fire would pass respecting nothing & all w'd be over. A bush fire or a disturbing accident- He went to the right because the last mushroom growth pointed to the right- A broken branch shoulder high, a piece of cut wood at his feet, a plant from the bush pointed to the left. He turned to the left. There was a little path- He obeyed these pointing signs mechanically- The boundjous think in vain the bush is dead It talks like an old woman- It speaks to its children and to them alone- Praise to the bush- Bissibingui kicks Djouma, the dog- A dog scratching up the earth howls with pain as he dug a hole- His master put his foot in the hole & and burned- Thus was fire uncovered- Ipeu made the first man and woman 145 Ipeu and Lolo agreed to care for each others mothers- Akera, Ipeu's mother used to cold died of too much heat & Lolo's mother died of cold- Now Lolo and Ipeu hate each other Lolo is both man and woman- Ipeu makes Lolo flee at evening but hides from him when he burns the plains- All women used to want children Women fed on goat are barren and those who ate tortoise would have old children walking slow like the tortoise- Our fathers used to spread handfuls of salt on a brazier and make the rain fall. Rain has always loved salt. Do'ndorro is an evil spirit in people's bellies When you have belly ache do'ndorro tortures you- by whom we swear N'Gakoura has a good courageous wife with more children than there is grass in the bush. Nadoulou & Nangodjo the two eldest help their father rule- N'Gakoura family is very kind to men They grant wive's requests if they give them presents- Kolikongo is the only enemy- He kills N'Gakoura's friends & N'Gakoura kills his- Dad'ra the swift moving brother of the A'inberipi. He moves between earth & heaven certain warm fine nights and disappears making a noise or report like a gun- "I am one of those who think your bones will not grow very old- When you want to live year after year you must not love your neighbor's wife too well- Kolikongbo is so small- he is hardly ever seen - He is stronger than all men & animals put together- Don't put out your hand if you meet him. His handshake would tear out your fingers- is rich, has as many children as there are human beings. Stays in a cave in the rainy season. In the fine season girds his waist with leaves & grass acting as a loin cloth& sits out. Sunstroke and the legend of Kolikongbo are one & the same- Hunting- Their chief had a head dress of feathers, his body was stained with red wood and annointed with palm oil- They sang as they walked- accompanied by dogs- The men began to talk squatting on their heels, chin on knees- Batouala threw a [?sagare] at Bissibingui which he dodged. But a panther annoyed at the approaching arrow which was not aimed at it, however, ripped open Batouala's belly with its paw, as it passed- Batouala had a terrible fever- A drink, give me a drink- Then he poured with cold sweat- Instead of moaning- complaining, he talked -talked- The hunters left Batouala rolled in a blanket under a tree with his dog and went after wild cattle- The whites have their doctorros the niggers their sorcerers- In front of Batouala's hut there had been spread out the magic horrors the sweet smelling bags, the amulets which guard against the evil eye, the bells & tambourines which strike terror into evil spirits and drive them away, all upon a little square witchs' carpet- In spite of fearful howls, frightful tamtams evil spirits tortured his washed body- It did no good to squeeze his belly tight with a rope- Dondorro had passed the limits - set by a rope- Neither washing with hot or cold water, nor exorcisms nor the application of healing herbs pounded with spittle, nor the plasters of cow dung nor the cauterization with red hot iron - nothing did any good- The dog disheartened by the stench of the wound licked no longer- They consulted the Commandant- "Batouala might well die," he said, and all the m-bis with him. Their exorcisms, incantations were renounced, also bags of sweet-smelling herbs, the sorcerer's medicines, the customary charms. Gone were the gonga players. Departed were the chanting women. Batouala could die. Already he was being robbed of his belongings, his millet, flocks & heads pillaged, his arms stolen. Your wives have been engaged a long time. There was hardly a soul left near him in his hut. His near relatives, his headmen, even the wives & the children he had by them had deserted him. Djouma snored on the the rubber baskets, the little ginger dog. Bissibingui took Yassiguindja violently in his arms the goats bleated and the ducks even pcha pcha pcha The spirit of the White Man " " versus the conduct & deeds of Women In his delirium Batouala said everything with which he had to reproach the whites- lying- cruelty, illogical behavior and hypocrisy. There were neither Baudas nor mandjas, whites or niggers. There were only men. And all men were brothers. It was wrong to rob or beat one's neighbor. Niggers are forced to take part in the savage deeds of the white, go, get themselves killed for them in distant quarrels. Those who protested were hanged or strangled or thrown into prison. Go, dirty nigger, go and die! Djouma sniffed at his master. When an animal is dying instinct urges them to put a truce to all quarrels & part the grass with anxious muzzle where the unknowned is supposed to be. Yassiguindja and Bissibingui had jerked up their heads & looked at Bataoula. Kouzan? asked Yassiguindja "Not yet." They smiled at each other. Alone in the world, masters of their destiny, nothing and nobody could prevent them any longer from belonging to each other - Batouala hiccoughed, his nostrils pinched The sweetness of life at this most wonderful moment of all - Bissibingui drew near to Yassiguindja & drew her into his arms bent her willingly to his embrace took complete possession of her - Batouala suddenly gets up, advances tottering arms outstretched like a child learning to walk, He goes toward Bissibingui & Yassiguindja who do not see him - Couldn't you leave them in peace, since you are going to die? They dont know where they are, they do not see you - See what you have done! They have separated are flattened against the wall, limbs shivering , teeth shattering with terror - By Ngakoura, you have fallen to the ground, finished, killed by yourself - The ducks quack, the chickens cackle and the goats run in all directions - Djouma growls without opening his eyes - the white ants fill their galleries with brown earth rustling continuously - Yassiguindja and Bissibingui have fled into the night. This novel is entirely objective, does not attempt explanation - is a witness - does not criticize, it registers - On moonlight nights from my long chair on the veranda I listen to this poor folks talk - Their jokes were proof of resignation. They suffered and laughed at suffering. Gauza Chapter 5 Young men & girls are naked, their bodies whitened with ashes and manioc flour- Death strikes any who do not observe this custom- They leaped to the rythm of an incomprehensibly guttural sound using the sacred language, Samali- Niojoundjis-yangba, leaders of games have long birds' feathers plaited in their hair bells jingling at their wrists, knees and ankles-Then performed a dance with arms and legs intertwined, grimacing- They clapped hands & smacked their tongues- advancing into the center, children gesticulated, leaped, writhed flung out their arms and legs like warriors whom they watched dancing in front of their huts at night- Women advanced naked their hair wet with castor oil, ears nostrils and lips pierced with many colored glass rings, Brass bracelets encircled their ankles & wrists- Each held on to the shoulders of the woman in front- They formed in a circle & turned like fireflies- The circle opened at a signal from the tam-tam-the women sang and beat the cadence of the instruments with their hands & feet- A woman offered herself to some imaginary person, taking 3 steps forward. Rebuffed she drew back one, two, three- When the men's turn came there was perfect delirium- The quivering frenzy of desire had gathered force from so many women and men- 10 men stood out almost naked. Bissibingui was the finest-Their bodies were stained with red wood then oiled- They wore bells everywhere, in their feather head gear & on the cords fastening their loin cloths They bent, stamped right & left, beat the air, threw up their arms &c Ga'uga will be performed Knife in hand 2 old men covered with amulets stood before a group of young men. An old woman stood waiting too by the girls__ To night you will be real women _ To night you will be real men. After having borne the ga'uga _ "For a moon, two moons in the depths of the woods you have prepared yourselves and lusted, hidden yourselves from profane [eyes] glances- spoken the sacred language, lived on herbs and roots hidden from profane glances _ You have slept anywhere anyhow refrained from games & laughter _ N'gakoura is pleased with you. You may play laugh dance, & sleep on your own bagbas. Soon you will be men Soon you will be women. Soon ga'uga will be performed. Your ordeals are over. The old men sharpened their knives on a flat stone on which they had spat as a preliminary & with raised sticks assistants were already hammering blows on the patient who reeled. If pain knocked him down he w'd be beaten to death. Custom wills it. With every leap the new ga'uga made his nieghbors were splashed with blood streaming from the wounds in his legs. He must pretend to ignore pain. He must sing and dance. The 2 old men heard and saw nothing as they worked. Some of the girls pale with fear danced dizzily. Fear shook their limbs. The old woman came up summoned the first of the girl dancers, seized her roughly and deftly performed her duty. Impersonally she passed on to the next dancer & proceeded swiftly with her work - Ga'uga. Only once in their lives do women suffer gauga - Come to us men, you too now are ga'ugas - Then came the dance of love, allowed only on this one night where debauchery and crime may be indulged in - Yassiguinya and a young woman who know nothing of men step forward. She wore a huge emblem painted to represent the role she played - She advanced toward that young woman who drew back, she did not want to yield to man's desire - School days, lonely nights in Oberlin. Prin White's praise. Jack Frost Mather Arnold. Kindness of Oberlin teachers. Who examined me. Supt Moulton his daughter- her early death. She was Anne. Kindness shown me by Anne. Not better in early life arguments with my father. Wrote poetry in the high school Prayed to die when 16 Capt Church. Always liked to speak. Sang. loved music. Prof Rice asked me to sing in the musical Union. Read books current magazines. Rented Longfellows Famine. Wrote poetry. If only I had been encouraged! Became editor 3 mos. Garfield's funeral Had nobody to walk with. Junior Class Day. was raised. It was the exception and not the rule to find no N soldiers in any brigade of the army. Nobody thot of their color so nobly did they perform their duties Reg 201781 the the Genl Assembly of NY enacted a law for the embodiment of 2 reg of slaves who after a term of 3 yrs were to be freemen of the State - June 1781 Md raised 750 N Sol to be incorp with the white troop from the colony. At the close of the war their presence called forth no comment. N participated in most of battles of revolution Bunker Hill to Brandwine Valley Forge to Monmouth Saratoga to Yorktown. The Marquis de Chastellux (Travels) said At the passage of the ferry I met a detachment of the R I reg. the same corps we had with us all last summer. The greatest part of them are Neg or mulattoes, but they are strong robust men and those I have seen had a very good appearance. Point Bridge after R.I as late as 1783 the black reg was still in service from it. Genl Wash ordered a detail to effect a forced march to & surprise of the enemy post at Oswego -- Sparks Washington Vol VIII p 385 One must go over rolls of army patiently name by name to distinguish them from their white compatriots so close was the comradeship Midsummer Night's Dream Salem Poor- 13 - 15 - N excited 16 Nov 12 Genl Washington forbidden the enlistment - (20 N can take the field Oct 23 instead of his master) 4 Companies of emancipated slaves in R Island Hon Henry Laurens of S C wrote Genl Wash 16 Mar 1779 Had we arms for 3000 such black men as I cd select in Car I shd have no doubt of success in driving the Brit out of Ga & subduing East Fla before the end of July. Every where they won [*P30*] B / in 10 of 14 brigades Battle of R I Aug 29 1778 31-32 The services of the Black Reg rendered yeoman service at the battle of R.I. August 29, 1778 - It is carried on the rolls of the army as a regiment. There were 144 according to Cowells Spirit of 76 in R-I the new Major Genl Greene wrote the next day after the engagement The enemy repeated the attempt 3 times (tried to carry his position + were as often repulsed with great bravery Nearly every town in Mass had its representative in the army. - 35 These black troops were doubtless regarded as the weak point in the line but they were not The black reg was one of those that prevented the enemy from turning the flank of the amer army- Majority fot for independence Mar 29 1779 Cong enacted a law to enable the Colony of S.C to raise 3000 able-bodied N & made provisions for paying the masters of such slaves as might enlist - Secret Journals of Congress - But the single voice of reason was drowned by the howlings of a triple headed monster in which prejudice avarice & pusillanimity were united _ Sparks Correspondence of the Amer Rev_ Vol 111 p 506 - In addition to free N Scattered thru the Conn regiments a company of slaves 4 triple-headed monster [The N can take the field wrote a Hessian officer, Oct 23,1777 instead of his master, & therefore no regiment can be seen in wh there are no N in abundance & among these are able bodied strong & brave fellows. Conn passed act to] enlist N, May 1777, but over 1 session then defeated. But in addition to free N scattered thru Conn regi a comp of slaves was raised & assigned to Meig's afterwards Butlers regi N sold not in the battle of Red [Bank Preface, Bunker Hill to Brandywine from Valley Forge to Monmouth from Saratoga to Yorktown. They were representated in 10 of the 14 brigades in the main army under Genl Wash during the 1st 3 yrs of the war. After the battle of Monmouth June 28 1778 they were to be found in 18 brigades. I have gone over the muster rolls as well as the descriptive lists of the Continental army & have been rewarded by the discovery that nearly all the regiments from the eastern colonies contained Negro soldiers. Then I found true also of many regiments from the Southern Colonies.] 4 companies of emancipated slaves were enrolled. [ in which Count Pulaski was killed In the Siege of Savannah which resulted so [?] to the it was the black St Domingo Legion 1779 which saved the army from Amer cause the order to retreat was given because it was impossible to carry any part of the works. When the army began to retreat the British Lieut Col Maitland with the grenadiers & the marines incorporated with them charged the rear of the retreating army and tried to annihilate it. Then it was that one of the bravest deeds ever performed by foreign troops at the Amer cause was accomplished by the Black Legion composed of black mulatto freed men, known as Fontages Legion commanded by Viscount de Fontages according to an official record prepared in Paris. This Legion met the fierce [*12*] saved the army at Savannah by bravely covering its retreat charge of the British and saved the [retreating] army by bravely covering its retreat. One of the [men] soldiers who rendered to the commander in chief this signal service Henri Cristophe who afterward became King of Haiti. 64 - Red Bank 55] some others. Some of the Senators from this section believe in enforcing those laws which guarantee the rights of white people and let the disfranchisement blacks in a large section of this country get along as best they can. X There are thousands of people in the country who are loathe to believe that Ill will refuse to recognize a woman who has done so much for her State & her country. A woman who has achieved so much and has been such a power for good [in as] many ways as has Mrs Mc skirt - 3 Dont want a There are 2 candidates for the U S Senate One is a man who has already served a term of five years. He has done anything for our group. You know as well as I do that he hasn't. Over and over again he has heard the men and women of our group ridiculed, slandered and abused in his presence without saying a word. He has sat as still as a wooden post with his lips sealed. He has heard our most bitter Of all the racial group in this country [?] [?] which needs to study harder how to use the ballot [?] than our own group & 2 Illinois was one of the first states in this section to agree to make women bona fide citizens of the U.S. The men of Ill were among the first living in this section to deal as we do not believe our wives mothers, daughters and sisters should continue occupy the places in government affairs to which idiots and criminals are assigned. I believe Ill. will be the very first state in the Union to give a remarkable woman the recognition which she so richly deserves. I be lieve Ill. will be the first State in this Union to send a woman to the US Senate and that woman will be Mrs R H Mc (over) X Mrs Mc C has voted on the right side of every side of every resolution she has been called upon to decide. She has put herself equally on the side of enforcing each and every section of the Constitution of the U S She does not believe we shd play hide & seek with it she does not believe she shd be choosing about the particular law or laws she shd enforce. She believes we shd give all the dear little laws a chance. As a colored woman I am enthusiastic about electing Mrs Mc to the Senate for that [When M [listed] mentioned the American women in "100 [distinct] important careers open to women in 1940 she presented was Mrs Mar Terrrell formerly a member of the Bd. of Education here was cited [a copy] for During the Womans Center Congress Mrs presented a lect of women in 100 important careers [open to women in 1940] in During the W. C. Con which recently met in N.Y,C. called the roll of the women M C. Chap Catt, Chairman of the W. C. Cong , named 100 important careers among the women [cited by Mrs C. Catt] When M C. C. Catt Chairman of the C recently held in N.Y.C. declared that there are 100 careers open to women to day while compared with only of one hundred yrs ago she called the roll the roll of the women of 1940 and was in the number cited for social service and was presented with a copy of the book Victory a history of woman suffrage. Mrs. Terrell was one of the 1st 2 women appoin on the Bd of Education & served 11 yrs. She is the 1st Pres of the Nat Association of Col Women and has represented col women abroad 3 times. [Once] In Berlin, Germany, at the W, in Zurich at the I and in London with Ass 9 free, and institutes citizenship and equal rights for all who had hitherto been held in bondage. It was these never-to-be altered imperishable deeds, that amplified the Union and dedicated our nation the sanctuary of human freedom, without respect to blood or color or religion. If the Republican party had never done anything else, it is surely entitled to the everlasting gratitude of men of toil, white as well as black, for abolishing the system that held black men in bondage and rendered white men still worse off than the Negro slave. Lincoln was inaugurated president of the United states on March 4th, 1861. On December 20th, 1860, which was 75 days prior to the inauguration , South Carolina had seceded from the Union. In rapid succession, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana and Georgia seceded and j oined with South Carolina on February 4th, 1861 at Montgomery, Alabama, and organized the Southern Confederacy, known as the"Confederated States of America " with Jefferson Davis as its President. So it was, one month before Lincoln was installed as President, these six states were organized and were in open rebellion. They were joined by Texas on February 23rd, 1861. By June 24th, 1861, Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee had cast their lot with the Confederacy, They increased the manner of Confederated states from seven to eleven. Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri were slave states, but owing to a division in public sentiment, supplemented by the force of Union arms, they were prevented from seceding. It was not until after the Confederate troops at the command of General Beauregards fired on the stars and stripes at Fort Sumter, which was located at Charleston Harbor, on April 12th, 1861, and the surrender of the Fort by the commander of the Union troops on April 14th of the same year, that the people fully realized that a conflict to destroy the Union was imminent. The firing on Sumter was the first Dear Dean Hallel, Altho I thanked you over and again for your kindness in seeing me Sept 16th when I was in Phila attending the Triennial meeting of the International Council of Women I want to express my deep and genuine gratitude to you once more I am also [writing] appealing to you to use the power & influence you possess as Pres of the Nat aa U W to secure for me the rights and privilege of becoming a member of the Washington Branch of the AAUW, a right & privilege guaranteed me by the constitution of the Internatl Fed of Un Women of the Nation AAUW and the Washington Branch itself. On Oct 10 shortly after I applied for reinstatement in the Wash Branch I received a letter from the Chairman of the Membership Com of the Wash Br saying that the Ex Com had voted not to approve my application for reinstatement, [*a money order was in*] and enclosed a money order for $25.20 the amt I had paid to join--Incidentally I have not yet cashed that money order. After the Bd of Directors of the Nat AAUW met in Wash Dec 8 1946 and passed a resolution stating &c I felt so sure they meant what they said that on Dec 30 I sent another application for reinstatement to Mrs B H Wilhelms the Pres of the Wash Br. I was once a member of the Wash Br but as a member of the women The members of [the Wash] Br who have excluded me from membership in the Wash Br have adopted the tactics used by Bilbo who deprived the colored citizens of Miss of the right of citizenship guaranteed them by the constitution and who showed boldly & loudly that they wd not be [allowed] permitted to vote. The deference shown by the law abiding members of the Branch by the lawless Constitution [*Smashers*] Crasher is striking and shocking indeed. The Bilboists of the Wash Branch have been allowed to pursue their constitution smashing way with unpunity and nobody says them Nay-- I would have been unwilling For nearly a year I have been humiliated, embarrassed and the subject of gossip in both racial groups here. What can we say about the honor and honesty of prejudice The prejudice ridden women who joined the Wash Branch were dishonest if they [did not] knew that the constitution distinctly stated there shd be no discrimination on acct of race and if they were ignorant of that fact when they joined and remained members after they certainly must have [*What should be said about the honor & honesty of prejudice ridden people who belong to an organization whose constitution strictly forbids discrimination on account of race.*] -1- PETITION - Page 17. ( Reprints from " The NEW DAY " Magazine ) FATHER DIVINE'S PROPOSAL FOR "THE UNITED REPUBLICS OF AMERICA" TELEGRAM ON UNITED AMERICAS SENT TO THE FOLLOWING: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt,The White House ,Washington,D.C. Vice-President John Nance Garner, United States Senate ,Washington, D.C Hon.William B.Bankhead, Speaker,House of Representatives, Wash., D.C. Secretary of State Cordell hull, Washington, D. C. Secretary of War Harry H. Woodring, Washington, D. C. DECEMBER 9, 1939 A.D.F.D. PRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT, THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON, D. C. PEACE, WHY NOT UNITE THE THREE AMERICAS AS A NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DEFENSE FOR PEACE? LET THERE BE THE UNITED COUNTRIES OF AMERICA, EVEN AS THIS IS THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; IF NOT I PROPOSE THAT THE UNITED STATES PURCHASE CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA AND MAKE ALL THE AMERICAS ONE DEMOCRACY. FATHER DIVINE. FATHER DIVINE URGES IMMEDIATE PASSAGE OF THE ANTI-LYNCHING BILL It is unfortunate that in this and similar cases those who violate the constitution of an organization so that they may perpetuate an injustice [upon a human being] who work exert themselves more vigorously to do evil than an abiding member [who array themselves on the side of justice and right.] than those who array on the side of law justice & law work to carry out the provisions of the constitution in behalf of justice & right (2) those who array themselves on the side of law and justice work to do good. For nearly nine mos those who barred me from reinstatement in the Wash Br to which I once happily belonged have been gloating over their triumph in depriving me of the privileges granted me by the constitution and have been enjoying the humiliation & pain to which they have publicly subjected me. S Like Bilbo Deference to Constitution Smashers - No reason for appointing very briefly I want to state the facts relating to my application NEW YORK STATE American Youth for Democracy 1151 Broadway • Room 200 • New York I, N. Y. Telephone: MUrray Hill 3-5713 Chairman LEON STRAUS Vice-Chairmen LILLIAN BIRENBAUM DESMOND CALLAN FRANCES GULOTTA EVERETT THOMAS Executive Secretary LEON WOFSY Organizational Director JOSEPH BUCHOLT Treasurer MARTIN L. MELLMAN Teen-Age Director PATRICIA GARLAND Intercollegiate Director ROSE STAMLER Dear friend, Here's your new issue of YOUTH, bursting with youth nows, AYD features, stories poems,... We know you are anxious to learn the latest developments and activities of AYD. One fact was brought out sharply in the last meeting of our National Council - that the undemocratic, fearful reactionaries spearheaded by the House Un-American Committee have failed, in the past months, to isolate, discredit, or cripple AYD nationally. On the contrary, AYD has stood up and fought well for democracy, has become stronger and more united nationally, enjoys greater prestige than ever before. In many respects, AYD has become a symbol and a challenge in the fight for academic freedom and democratic progress against the forces who want to create a military-business dictatorship, a police state, and though control in our country. Right now, AYD is in the midst of one of the most important campaigns we have ever undertaken -- "Spotlight on Youth" - a national, coordinated campaign to dramatize before the nation the rapid growth of a postwar youth problem. We have initiated this drive to push for a progressive, democratic solution to the many needs and problems which affect millions of young Americans, and as a dramatic, effective prelude to mass national action around the '48 elections. In New York, we are canvassing the city with questionnaires asking the young people their problems; we are gathering hundreds of signatures petitioning Mayor O'Dwyer for open hearings on the problems of youth; we are distributing our new pamphlet, "How Fare Youth?", which shows graphically and factually the crisis facing youth today. We have enclosed samples of our publications for you. You'll get these reports reguarly from us, along with your copy of YOUTH, because we want you to know how our - - and your - - AYD is doing. Your comments and suggestions would be of great value to us. We are looking forward to hearing from you. Yours for peace and progress, s/o Leon Wolfsy Leon Wolfsy, Executive Sec'y. enclosures uop 16 cio 9/47 Please express my gratitude to the Wilberforce Faculty for voting to award me the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters at the Commencement Thursday June 3 [and] for placing such a high estimate upon my efforts to achieve and serve and for inviting me to be present to receive the award. I shall [leave] reach Xenia over the Penn Tuesday morning. I thank you as President of Wilberforce for the great consideration you have shown me. Mary C. Terrell Re 4321 me personall Just now I feel like an old lady about to tell some interesting and interested children a fairy tale - But unlike the average old lady who tells children stories to amuse them I don't know how my fairy tale is going to end - I dont know whether the end of my story is going to make my children so happy theyll run outdoors, with their hoops, jump rope or play hide & seek or whether they will go to some wailing wall and sob or scream with disappointment and grief - I'll not start my story soberly from the sober, logical beginning and [tell] how the coordinating committee got that way but Ill dive right into the middle of the muddle and describe the first spectacular scene which called the public's attention to what the Com had decided to do - If you had been walking along Pa Ave near 15th St one day if you might have seen 4 people walk into Child's Restaurant - It was an unusual sight for Wash DC because no two of these people had the same complexions. One a man evidently belonged to the Aryan race - But the other man and the 2 women showed very distinctly that some of their ancestors had come from Africa - and of course everybody who knows anything about how we do things here is well aware that people with dark complexions dont go into restaurants here with white people - In fact up to the time generally speaking people with dark complexions didn't go into restaurants where white people ate their meals under any circumstances - The went to a table and sat down these four human beings whose complexions were different and waited to be served - To make a long and to me a very painful story short, the waitress did not come to take the order and after waiting a long time the manager of the restaurant STOP the FARE INCREASE Now! Not so long ago Capital Transit was given a fare incease. Now they want to take us for another ride UNDER THE PHONEY PRETENCE THAT THEY ARE LOSING MONEY. CAPITAL TRANSIT IS DEMANDING 1. Straight 15 cents fare 2. 6 tokens for 80 cents 3. No more weekly passes LET'S STOP THIS GOUGE! THE ARGUMENT THAT CAPITAL TRANSIT WILL INCREASE ITS REVENUE BY RAISING ITS FARES IS FALSE. C.T.C. ITSELF ADMITTED THAT SINCE THE LAST FARE INCREASE IN 1948 THE NUMBERS OF RIDERS HAD DROPPED. IT WILL DROP STILL MORE IF ANOTHER RAISE IS GRANTED. IF C.T.C. CAN'T AND WON'T run the transportation system at a reasonable rate, why not have the District of Columbia operate the system for the benefit of the people. STOP THE FARE RISE! ACT TODAY - PROTECT YOUR LIVING STANDARDS! WRITE OR PHONE: Hon. James H. Flanagan, Chairman, Public Utilities Commission Washington, D. C. TO REJECT THE PETITION OF THE CAPITAL TRANSIT COMPANY FOR A FARE INCREASE THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION IS HOLDING PUBLIC HEARINGS on APRIL 4th on the petition of the C.T.C. for the fare increase. LET YOUR VOICE BE HEARD! HAVE YOUR ORGANIZATION TESTIFY AGAINST THE FARE GOUGE. Issued by: The Progressive Party of the District of Columbia 930 F Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. uopwa-27 2 came to the table to say the 4 with different complexions couldn't be served because the Without further introduction I am going to tell you about what is popular called the lost law and what is being done about it It would be an unwarranted reflection upon the [your] intelligence of the audience here today if I had the audacity to seem to think it necessary to produce arguments to prove that in fact prohibiting segregation in the D. C. would be of an [*A*] indefinable benefit and blessing to our group - Of course among the first to be benefited would be the people [in our group] who shop or work down town & have no place to eat. Certainly thous [*A*] in our group who come to see the nation's capital would enjoy their visit much more if they were not embarrassed and insulted by being refused service in restaurants & hotels in the capital of the Greatest [*B*] Barring Segregation in DC serves Democracy on earth would express more [strongly] sharply clearly than anything we can't possibly do the inequalities which exist in our schools recreation facilities, [in] the brutal exclusion from the movies and other irritating disgraceful restrictions. If the slaves in the U S had not been emancipated until their masters and mistresses had gradually become reconciled to freeing them there is reason to believe that millions of men women & children [freeman today] would be groaning in bondage today. Predictions are constantly being made that [terrible scenes will be enacted that there will be bloodshed and] if a certain law is observed particularly if it ensures justice for human beings who are victims of cruelty and injustice [*an effort is made to enforce a certain law, particularly if is has been enacted to [rec?] victims of cruely & injustice from the hands of tyrants that there will be [riots] [and] bloodshed and riots galore - But when slaves were emancipated comparitively little of the lawlessness predicted happened and the slave particularly the men did not perpetrate the brutalities & horrors which the prophets of evil predicted when women [girls?]*] STOP the FARE INCREASE Now! Not so long ago Capital Transit was given a fare increase. Now they want to take us for another ride UNDER THE PHONEY PRETENCE THAT THEY ARE LOSING MONEY. CAPITAL TRANSIT IS DEMANDING 1. Straight 15 cents fare 2. 6 tokens for 80 cents 3. No more weekly passes LET'S STOP THIS GOUGE! THE ARGUMENT THAT CAPITAL TRANSIT WILL INCREASE ITS REVENUE BY RAISING ITS FARES IS FALSE. C. T. C ITSELF ADMITTED THAT SINCE THE LAST FARE INCREASE IN 1949 THE NUMBERS OF RIDERS HAS DROPPED. IT WILL DROP STILL MORE IF ANOTHER RAISE IS GRANTED. IF C. T. C. CAN'T AND WON'T run the transportation system at a reasonable rate, why not have the District of Columbia operate the system for the benefit of the people. STOP THE FARE RAISE! ACT TODAY - PROTECT YOUR LIVING STANDARDS! WRITE OR PHONE: Hon. James H. Flanagan, Chairman, Public Utilities Commission Washington, D.C. TO REJECT THE PETITION OF THE CAPITAL TRANSIT COMPANY FOR A FARE INCREASE. THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION IS HOLDING PUBLIC HEARINGS on APRIL 4th on the petition of the C. T. C. for the fare increase. LET YOUR VOICE BE HEARD! HAVE YOUR ORGANIZATION TESTIFY AGAINST THE FARE GOUGE. Issued by: The Progressive Party of the District of Columbia 930 F Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. uopwa-27 3 [that there will be indescribable riots and bloodshed because the tyrants cant be forced to stop subjecting their helpless victims to injustices and cruelty.] Those who opposed women suffrage declared that if women were enfranchised, were made citizens and given the right to vote so that they would no longer be classified with infants and idiots & criminals the country would be destroyed,U.S. of America would be wiped off the map, the government woud be ruined, the home would be destroyed because women wouldn't marry and if they married they would refuse to have children so that the home would be destroyed and the government ruined. [the US of A be wiped of the map.] But when women were made citizens in 1920 none of the horrors predicted came to pass. Women just as glad to marry & have homes then as they ever were and babies are no more a rarity in Christian charity than they were before the women suffrage amendment was passed. S VA Nobody has challenged or attacked the opinion handed down by the 7 lawyers representing the National lawyers Guild. B There are several ways of trying to secure enforcement of the Law- heartily endorse this as one of the methods that might be successfully used. We would be doing our own cause a great disservice, I think. c I really think it is our duty &c congratulations - The significance of the step taken by the women who have formed the company Example to [other] women in all parts of the country - The necessity of such combination of forces - The besetting sin of the race is lack of union - lack of cooperation - In a certain large city nearby 100,000 colored people with no large business enterprise to their credit- Nearly every day my heart aches because I am unable to to help mothers secure employment for their daughters fine young women &c companies like this will help solve the problem of employment - means energy, enthusiasm, ability The Battle Creek Enquirer. Battle Creek, Michigan. November 14, 1907. Mrs. Mary Church Terrill, Washington, D. C. Dear Madam:- We enclose herewith your manuscript Which you so kindly sent us for use in our paper. We wish to thank you most sincerely for the use of this manuscript. Yours very tru ly Enquirer Publishing Co., Ltd. Bessie Davis D- Sten. Lausanne The view from my window is one kaleidoscope of mountains, clouds, hamlets and the lake of ever changing, always more beautiful and never tiresome. The staid sober Jura stretches out lazily in long regular lines [almost] without any perceptible [elevations] never sudden in unexpected summits nor rash in the towering peaks as if proclaiming to the world that it was perfectly satisfied with itself and had not the slightest desire to be the state Alps. On clear days the little villages on the slopes loom up in the distance and give the bare brown slopes of the mountains a more friendly and sociable air. Then the lake? Who is rash enough to attempt to paint in words the beautiful blue lake Geneva? Words cannot ripple [and sing [?] and [?]] aloud as softly and sweetly as do the wafelets, skimmerang, nor much the little dance & shine in the so gaily [in light and the do] the little sunbeams [rays writhe] which shimmer and dance with the sunbeams. An artistic [?] wo'd fail him. No canvas can whirr with the wings and cry with thedelight of the muetts as mindless and white as the snowflakes Lemon who[se] [bosom becomes] more beautiful and blue by contrast with their pure white of their bosoms. Queenly gracefully glide the [little] barques [but dreamily] whose white sails live dreamily float in the zepters white the spectatior [is charmed] into a revery from which only the sharpest most dissonant noise of the world can arouse him. [Other castles in the air of the dreams] The [?] atmosphere [?] posseses [a spell on the] a magic power to transport me into regions [all the] deal etheral where castles in the air are erected with such facility it expedency that the little workmen of our fancy have built whole cities before the prosy reality and [the insatiable] inexorable on the h- heads of the Alps smiles kindly while reflections far allow [[?] the lake In] their duty can demolish them. Then the Alps rising from the depths of the lake to the heights of heaven How they hover and soar and lift their snowed crowned heads about the velvety fleecy clouds where they conceal convinced of their infinite resources and innumerable charms how they pose. Now they conceal their proud peaks in the [clouds] ether to show [all the world] what a void their wo'd if they should chose to make it. Effulgent [striking] sparling like diamonds in the sunlight the snow [and the sunlight] converts their peaks into one long succession [ground frill and] of coronets. But the sunsets, what glory, what beauty ineffable! Bursting forth into a fierce range they set the heavens a fire. Zigging fiery streaks like so many flashes of lightning dart here and there thro the clouds. One would think that the Omnipotent angry with his creatures had resolved to consume them in his wrath had set the heights a flame to warn the world of its fate. Then as if [to] repentant of the intensity and alarm at his ferocity of color clouds around [at the] settles [down] into a delicate [shade] pink and blue [modest] grave sedate shades of violet indescrible greens and yellows of every conceivable tints until the heaven all [tranquil and] tender [in a delicious light blue] smiles kindly on the hoary heads of the Alps and lulled to sleep by the lake they cover themselves in the darkness Lausanne is full of hills. they are mometa that is the natives call them hills with reckless disregard of anything in the shape of any elevation which does not take on magnificent proportions and tower far up into the clouds. Going up town is somwthing serious here because one must liberally go up. After having climed peasants- signal stoves walks churches school one or two hills a person not endowed with herculean strength will find himself deprived of breath which is [essential of] absolutel[y] necessity [to promote imagination here in Laus] here and [without which one.] One street in particular y dept le petit chene because of the absence of the chenale or oak as a test for anyones strength [?] to say nothing of the amount from [?] [?] [speaking] hand [?] point to banish wicked thots of a people who wod allow such a mountain of despair mar the city and [burden] at such a burden to the flesh and inquisitionto the knees. Having scaled the height one reaches the principal thorough fare, neither thorough with its sidewalks on which two persons can not walk abreast can nor in the street where two vehicles [can] passing each other [perform what is equal modern miracle] only under protest and in the name of a modern miracle. However vehicles do not surge in this street [so that the ped] which the pedestrians appropriate [to their own use] to their own use and despite their rights with that noble animal the horse. To the right to the left low structures bearing evidence of the true ravages of time. Proceeding to the grand pont we look far down onto the depths where a charmimg flourishing street of Lausanne presents itself to view. From this bridge of [the city shows] its irregularity the mountains proclivities may be to the best advantage where seeing the stately cathedral looms up in all [its position] ancient dignity and stands out in bold relief against the [?] on a hill [above little houses of more] from which [above and below] may be seen [every different degrees] of elevation and depression [giving the city an appearance of one huge seesaw] so that that Lausanne seems converted into one huge seesaw. In the more ancient parts of the city in all ducking ones way through some of the[se] narrow alleys to which truth forbids the application of the name street, one finds himself suddenly coming into contact with the wall of a house which [is frequented] extends across this poor little sidewall and quietly anounces thus far shalt, thou go and no further But the little sidewalk soon asserts its rights [Making a short curve in the street] [?][?] [little sidewalk] finds this find again and is allowed to proceed in peace until another wall opposes its progress. While taking our [promenade] walk we leaving the grand pont we descend a long flight of stone Over the Teacups-- Over the Teacups. Let me [ass] reassure you my friends I consider it a great privilege and a high honor to be invited to participate in the celebration of the 104th birthday of Miss Adelaide Johnson who has given us this incomparable work of art which we [see before us] are looking at today. Personally I want to thank Miss Johnson for making it possible for us to see in enduring marble the faces of these famous women who have done so much to promote the welfare of the women of the US and thus by example to advance the interests of the womanhood of the world. As I look around me I wonder how many here have known Miss Johnson as long as I have I have lived here 60 years. I can not recall when I first met Miss Johnson, but it wasnt day before yesterday or last month or last year - Last May, I attended the at the Conference on Aging and Miss Johnson was introduced [given an ovation] at a dinner and was given an ovation there at the Shoreham Hotel. It was a pleasure to greet Miss Johnson although I had not see Miss Johnson for a long time on that occasion and I was very happy to have. When she made me very happy by telling me she remembered me well. In celebrating her 104th birthday I want to felicitate Miss Johnson both on account of the [great] fame she has achieved as a great sculptor and on the unusually fine record in longevity studies made - hoping that she will not weary in well doing along this line but will let the good work go on. Ho7421 National Committee to Free the Ingram Family National Office Hotel Theresa 125th Street and 7th Avenue Room 108 New York 27, N.Y. Provisional Officers Chairman MARY CHURCH TERRELL National Vice Chairman ADA B. JACKSON National Executive Secretary THERESE L. ROBINSON National Administrative Secretary MAUDE WHITE KATZ National Treasurer HALOIS MOOREHEAD Partial List Sponsors Atlanta, Georgia: Mrs. W. A. Scott Mrs. John Wesley Dobbs Winston-Salem, N.C. Mrs. Velma Hopkins Miss Moranda Smith Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. Bettye L. Alleyne Mrs. Dorothy Lymas Temple Texas Mrs. F. M. Meredith Mrs. C. J. Fisher New York, New York: Mrs. Estelle M. Osborne Mrs. Shirley Graham Dr. Gene Weltfish Mrs. Yolanda Wilkerson Mrs. Elinor Gimbel Miss Esther Letz Miss Florence Murray Detroit, Michigan Miss Erma Henderson Los Angeles, Calif Mrs. Charlotta Bass Memphis, Tennessee Mrs. Rosa Brown Bracy Vicksburg, Mississippi Mrs. G. H. Jefferson Enfield, Connecticut Mrs. Eslanda Goode Robeson Augusta, Georgia Mrs. E. V. Wallace Washington, D.C Miss Sally Peek Dean George A. Parker Lexington, Kentucky Mrs. Lucy Harth Smith [*Last May Miss Johnson attended the Conference on Aging at the Shoreham. After she was given a rousing ovation at the dinner at a dinner there I greeted her [greeted her] and although I had not see Miss Johnson for a long time I felt quite important and happy when she said she remembered me. I remember seeing E.C. Stanton sitting on the platform of a theatre in which the 1st large woman suffrage meeting here was held. I became acquainted with H S Blatch, her daughter & a long time ago traveled in Europe with her for a while. As I look upon the face of S B Anthony I remember with pride & pleasure she honored me with her friendship. She invited be a guest in her home in Rochester NY gave a reception for me in her home and made an engagement for me to deliver an address in the Unitarian Church there. I am indebted to Lucretia Mott for the service she rendered both to my race & to my sex. For many years she was a famous abolitionist as well as a noted suffragist.*] (1) [Spivath?] League Old Bethel ME CH Charleston S.C. Jan 30 1906 Alumni of Allen Uni Columbia Christiansburg Industrial Institute Houston City Federation of Col WOmen Clubs Describe in Col Amer meeting of Rome Henry & B T Washington at Waldorf Astoria in N.Y. City Went to Interstate Commerce Com Mission with Bishop Walters- Address Triennial Council of Congregational Benevolent Societies Oct 14 1907 in Cleveland, O- most eloquent address full of fire & passion Springfield Ohio Oct 17 City Federation Mrs Henry Linden M C T Cl in Kokomo Ind. Quin Chapel Oct 18-1907 Chicago Indianapolis- Oct 28 1907 Jones Tabernacle Indiana Branch Nat Asso of Social Purity Meet Horace Cooper Battle Creek Mich- Social Purity Oct 31 to Nov 6 1907 Afro Amer Council N.Y. Oct 1906 Interview about Schools Sept 22 1906 ( [?] City N.C. Feb 15 1906) Friendship Church Durham Feb 16-1906- Shepard meets me at night suggests remaining over Mrs Bell Adams 42-2nd St Watervilet N Y Mrs Abernaptny 68 Harrison Place Troy N Y Mrs Julia Bain 1626 Sixth Ave Troy N Y mrs Elsie Carr 451 4th Ave Upper Troy N Y Mrs Lottie Cook 2191 6th Ave Troy N Y Mrs Lottie Creston 151 Ferry St Troy N Y Mrs Louise Davis 818 River St Troy N Y Mrs Rose Eppe 28 Eagle St Troy N Y Mrs Ellsworth 127 River St Troy N Y Mrs F. D. Gillespie 127 River St Troy N Y Mrs Lillian Garner 702 Grand St Upper Troy N Y Miss Bessie Hill 1517 -5th Ave Upper Troy N Y Miss Grace Hegeman 492 -8th Ave Upper Troy N Y Mrs. Mary Ann Johnson 35-8th St Upper Troy N Y Mrs Emma Azier 1630 Sixth Ave Troy N Y Mrs Sara Bland 152 Ninth St Troy N Y Mrs Hannah Bell 1630 6th Ave Troy N Y Miss Alice Chew 149 Ferry St Troy N Y Miss Emily Chew 199 Ferry St Troy NY Mrs Julia Cuthbert 128 Congress St Troy N Y Mrs Clementine Davis 1506 7th Ave Troy N Y Mrs Clarissa Evans 1529 -5th Ave Troy N Y Mrs Delaney Frank 71 -2nd St Troy N Y Mrs Anna Griffin 52-2nd Ave Upper Troy N Y Mrs Elizabeth Givens 172 River St Upper Troy N Y Miss Bertha Hill 147 Ferry St Upper Troy N Y Miss Belle Hawkins 129 Ferry St Upper Troy N Y Mrs Sarah Jones 818 River St Upper Troy N Y Miss Carrie Bryant 151 Ferry St Troy N Y Mrs Hattie Beal 99 Hutton St Troy N Y Mrs Lillian Carlile 129 Ferry St Troy N Y Miss Marie Chew 149 Ferry St Troy N Y Miss Sarah Chew 199 Ferry St Troy N Y Mrs Rose Dixon 2850 5th Ave Troy N Y Miss Emma Dale 1642 6th Ave Troy N Y Mrs May Epps 185 - 10th St Troy N Y Mrs Virginia Fuller 17-2nd St Troy N Y Mrs Malvina Gibson 591-2nd Ave Upper Troy N Y Mrs Gertrude Hill 71 -2nd St Upper Troy N Y Miss Mollie Hegeman 492-8th Ave Upper Troy N Y Mrs Ida Jackson 492 -8th Ave Upper Troy N Y Mrs Henrietta Jones 35-8th St Upper Troy N Y 2 Alleghany County Federation of [Col] Negro woman's clubs. Grace Memorial Church June 7 1907- Sewickley- June 11 Home for Destitute Children in New Castle which State Fed of N womens Clubs hopes to open in Sept. July 1 1906 appointed by District Supreme Court on Board Came to Rescue of Dr. Montgomery Sept 30-1906 Bee Sept 29 1906- Bee says best evidence of Mrs T's usefulness on the Board is her recent act permitting H.S. graduates to enter the Normal School without an examination. That act alone is more beneficial to the parents children than anything that has been done in the B of Ed for yrs Motion to admit all Normal grad Sept 14-1906 Debt Owed to P W - by C - What it Means to be C in Wash - Since the War - What C Grads Can Get to Do Write to Ford about articles - Countess of Warwich Mrs Leach & Milliken Douglass Day - Easter Holiday established by myself Experiences with F Douglass at Wrolds Fair - Mrs Van Renss - Cruger - Henderson the luncheon with her - Greek Chef - Visit with Susan B Anthony - Read Mme Le Brun again - Pres Roosevelt - Harrison with Douglass - [*8-334e (Instructions on certain points may be printed on the back. Size of certificate, 6 1/8 x 7 7/8 inches.) V.S. NO. 110 MARGIN RESERVED FOR BINDING WRITE PLAINLY WITH UNFADING INK--THIS IS A PERMANENT RECORD N. B.--In case of more than one child at a birth, a SEPARATE RETURN must be made for each, and the number of each, in order of birth, stated. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE--BUREAU OF THE CENSUS State File No. STANDARD CERTIFICATE OF BIRTH Registered No. 1. PLACE OF BIRTH-- County State Michigan Township or Village City No. St. Ward (If birth occurred in a hospital or institution, give its NAME instead of street and number) 2. Full name of child {If child is not yet named, make supplemental report as directed 3. Sex of child To be answered ONLY in event of plural births {4. Twin, triplet or other 5. Number, in order of birth 6. Legitimate? 7. Date of birth (Month, day, year) 8. FATHER Full name 9. Residence (Usu[al] place of abode) If nonresident, give place and State 10. Color or race 11. Age at last birthday (Years) 12. Birthplace (city or place) (State or country) 13. Occupation Nature of industry 14. MOTHER Full maiden name 15. Residence (Usual place of abode) If nonresident, give place and State 16. Color or race 17. Age at last birthday (Years) 18. Birthplace (city or place) (State or country) 19. Occupation Nature of industry 20. Number of children of this mother (Taken as of time of birth of child herein certified and including this child.) } (a) Born alive and now living (b) Born alive but now dead (c) Stillborn CERTIFICATE OF ATTENDING PHYSICIAN OR MIDWIFE* I hereby certify that I attended the birth of this child, who was (Born alive or stillborn) at m. on the date above stated. { *When there was no attending physician or midwife, then the father, householder, etc., should make this return. A stillborn child is one that neither breathes nor shows other evidence of life after birth. } Signature (Physician or Midwife) Given name added from a supplement report (Month, day, year) Address c11---7117 Registrar. Filed , 19 Registrar.*] [*The E Ingraham Co Bristol Conn*] -2- government after government in country after country. [As we know it was] The murder of the heir apparent to the Austrian throne by a half crazed Serbian lad on the 28th day of June, 1914, [that] was the even that brought on the conflict of arms which has so completely changed the map of a great part of the world It became a conflict by which [All christendom was staggered by the cataclysm.] Millions of men were killed and billions of wealth destroyed. [in the terrible] The world has [catastrophe] never before witnessed such a catastrophe. But this struggle of nation against nation is at an end and men are setting themselves about the work of the readjustment and reconstruction of their affairs. On the ruins caused by this terrible war they are determined to build mightier states and to develop stronger nations. Those who sat around the peace table in Paris solemnly promised to give all races, great and small, larger opportunities than they [have] had ever before enjoyed. It ought not then [to] be necessary to ask whether in the projected scheme of reconstruction and readjustment our country It was a conflict so terrible in its consequences that millions of men were -6- said when defending the Reconstruction Acts of other days, that Congress determined to do - "To dig through all the rubbish, dig through the soil and the shifting sands and go down to the eternal rock, and there upon the basis of the everlasting principle of equal and exact justice to all men plant the column of Reconstruction." I believe that we have powerful friends [in this country -] friends who are going to stand firmly with us in our fight in the new Reconstruction for a fair and square deal in this country until it is in fact as well as in theory the "land of the free and the home of the brave." [the distribution of the things that shall come to all men here as result of the war we have just helped to win.] Black men do not come begging; they come standing erect demanding all that rightly belongs to them as American citizens. [their just share of the fruits of the war as American citizens.] [justice here in their native land as American] Their patriotism, their loyalty, their sacrifices and their bravery have all stood the tests of [American] Citizenship made and defined by the laws and customs of our Country. [in peace as well as in war] [The history of the north teaches us that] Wars and revolutions and insurrections sometimes clear the atmosphere and bring to the How I was appointed Supervisor How many women wrote to their senators urging them to vote for the F.E.P.C.- the Anti Poll Tax Acts Lynching bills? Mrs Swift Pres. National Council of Women told me that the women of California forced the largest newspaper of San Francisco to stop ridiculing suffrage by having 200 women write to the editor cancelling their subscription to the paper. Find out on what date the primary is held in your state and what for offices are to be filled whether governors or senators are to elected and who are the candidates, what they stand for Some states select their candidates in a convention instead by the primary - Idaho, Connecticut, Delaware, New Mexico, Rhode Island & Utah. Why I would vote the Republican Ticket One of the interesting personalities attending the Convention of the National Association of Colored Women here is Mary Church Terrell who was its first president. Twenty five years ago she presided over the first large convention which was held in Chicago and which really put the Association on the map. Mrs. Terell received both the A.B. and the A.M. degrees from Oberlin College. For three years she studied abroad. In 1904 she was invited to represent the colored women of this country at the International Congress of Women which met in Berlin Germany and was the only delegate from the United States who delivered her address in both German and French. Mrs. Terrell was one of the first two women appointed on the Board of Education at the National 2 capital and served eleven years longer than any body else has ever served in that city. For many years Mrs. Terrell was engaged by some of the best lecture bureaus in the country. She has spoken at the largest chautauquas throughout the West and has addressed the leading Forums in the East. It is interesting to note that Judge Robert H. Terrell, Mrs. Terrell's husband is the only colored judge in the United states. In the municipal court he has sat on the bench at the National Capital for twenty years. He was first appointed by Theodore 3 Roosevelt and has been reappointed by every president since that time. Mrs Terrell is not only a lecturer of note but she has written for some of the leading periodicals in both England and the United states - After Mrs Terrell had finished her term as president of the national Association of Colored Women she was elected Honorary President for life. Charles Stewart, D. D. GENERAL MISSIONARY NATIONAL BAPTIST CONVENTION 4823 CALUMET AVENUE CHICAGO, ILL. Mary Church Terrell, [????] 2 also. Baptist Ministers' Alliance, the Interdenominational Ministers Alliance, D.C., and many other civic and community organizations. Our group is grateful to you for your strong courageous stand on Civil rights and believe that if a colored man is qualified for the judgeship in the Municipal Court you all appoint him. Personally, words fail me when I try to express my gratitude to you for the efforts you have made to deal justly by my group by urging the citizens of the dominant race to deal justly by it. To the President of the United States White House, Washington, D.C. Dear President Truman: Please appoint Hubert B. Pair as one of the judges of the Municipal Court. Two have already been appointed and I hope you will see fit to appoint a well qualified colored man as the third judge. I am the widow of Judge Robert Heberton Terrell who served as a judge of the Municipal Court for twenty years. Memorandum to Mrs. Terrell The party to whom you referred was educated in the Public Schools of D.C., Howard University and the Robert H. Terrell Law School. He was admitted to practice law in 1938. That same year, he was appointed Instructor at Terrell Law School. In 1942, he was appointed Assistant Corporation Counsel and has served in that office until the present time. He has been active in the Religious, Civic and Fraternal life of the community. He is a Trustee and Sunday School Teacher at the Metropolitan Baptist Church. And a member of Y.M.C.A., Boy Scouts of America and many other civic and fraternal organizations. He has been endorsed for appointment as Judge of Municipal Court for D.C. by - Commissioners of D.C. - Corporation Counsel, D.C., Pleasant Plains Civic Assn; DR. EUGENE C. RICE DRS. RICE, PENNEY, AND REHER Telephone DR. A. OWEN PENNEY PODIATRISTS NATIONAL 6983 DR. WM. M. REHER ADAMS BUILDING HOURS: 9 TO 5 1333 F STREET N.W. PATIENTS NAME ADDRESS RX EXAMINE SHOES MAY E [*the sake only of our [dear] country and the victims some will appear very soon Whether we agree with this point of view or not, we all agree I am sure that it is the duty of those responsible for the personnel and planning of the armed forces, those directing the affairs of State to prove by their deeds they have courage enough grant to every citizen of this country the rights privileges and immunities guaranteed to them by the constitution of People in high places have spoken out strongly against the injustice of refusing to give jobs to people on acct of race religion or national origin -*] Met 0415 To my mind there is nothing which more strikingly more beautifully illustrates the breadth of the capacity to understand & forgive human frailty view the kindness of heart, the humanity & the glorious courage of Jesus Christ than those words Neither do I condemn thee - As you observe I have mentioned only those men and women who disturbed the peace of their day and generation and shocked it because they tried to rescue and relieve victims of injustice - It is unnecessy to state we need men & women just exactly like them right now - And I am praying [that] for how [courageous] fearless and determined colored people might be they could no more work out their own salvation single handed and alone than a straw cd stop Niagara's flow. instead of showing how determined many of us are to secure the rights priveleges & imunities to which they are entitled For that matter there were countless instances of the highest moral courage displayed by slaves I am emphasizing the attitude of the dominant race toward our group at present because no walls I can not resist the temptation to tell of an that The Rep C B Luce who had a young man assigned to a good post in 2 hrs by the clock after he had been officially told there was an nothing available for him is the same Rep Luce who has been asked to address the Rep Nat Committee which meets in Chicago in June 1944. She is the first woman to be so honored and richly deserves. Who could neither speak not act effectively for themselves. On a goodly number of occasions Doxie Wilkerson has exhibited high moral courage- by taking such a stand There was never greater need of moral courage in this country than there is today. Doubtless some of you here have often wondered why there is so much injustice & to put that thought into a definite concrete act. I am sure there are enough people who believe [*Over*] [*Over*] Saw Raphael's Disputa, didn't think, only felt. One figure was Dante, didn't know that, didn't know what subject was about Only felt its beauty. Enjoyment of beauty comes thru feeling- leads to thinking Make life fuller & better. Life is most beautiful thing. Cultivate one part of self let the rest go to seed. Pleasure shd be one of the Chief aims of life. (Chief Source of pleasure is beauty that comes thru senses-sight & sound cultivate finer use of senses is called taste Painters are not the only artists. An artist is one who fits some beautiful conception with some beautiful form of expression- this form of expression or his art may be sculpture painting or architecture, handicraft, metal, porcelain or embroidery, music, composing or rendering of it by instrument or voice, acting, some forms of dancing, poetry, even prose. Artist has beauty in his own soul, but has gift of art enabling him to communicate beauty to others by giving it a form or body. Power of creating form for the beauty he feels makes him an artist. Nature is the artists teacher. Artist deosnt give an imitation of nature but a suggestion of natures truth. Artist paints what he can see from a distance not what he knows to be there [*A Guide to Pictures- Coffin-The Art of Looking at Pictures by Carl P Thurston First steps in the Enjoyment of Pictures by Oliver*] office of director and, if delegates to an international congress are to be elected the following year, for the office of international delegate. This committee shall receive nominating petitions throughout the year, shall file all valid petitions with the Annual Meeting not later than its first session, and shall include among the candidates whose names are placed on the ballot all candidates for whom valid petitions have been filed. Every nominating petition shall contain the signatures of at least five members in good standing who have been members for at least three months and a statement that every candidate nominated has consented to serve if elected. There shall be no nominations from the floor of the Annual Meeting. ARTICLE XI International Relations This organization shall be the section for the United States of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. The National Board shall appoint annually two persons to represent the United States Section in the consultative Committee if the International League. At the Annual Meeting in each off numbered year, there shall be elected twenty delegates to represent the United States Section at the International Congress to be called in that year. ARTICLE XII Amendments This constitution may be amended by majority vote at any Annual Meeting. But no amendment shall be voted on unless it is sent to the National Board at least six weeks before the Anual Meeting, The National Board shall send out with the call for the Annual Meeting a statement of all proposed amendments whose submission has been requested by five or more members. -4- 2 Nature is art. Art is arrangement. One parlor is medley of furniture, was a [?] of all sorts sizes & shapes picked at & cushions sat on in shape because it was a bargain, set in parlor where room for it. Other parlor shows origin of order & arrangement- fewer objects carefully chosen & arranged for comfort & beauty. Enjoy natures haphazard. Parlors confusion distresses us. Photos higgledy piggledy- crowd as many as possible to the wall. Balance Rhythym Order- balalnce pleasure Raphael built up composition from a simple geometric plan on the principles of repition, contrast rythmically balanced. Italians of 15th & 16th centuries used landscape only as support for the figures. Not blind to beautiful scenery. Public demanded figure subjects. Church required pictures showing Bible stories. Rich wanted Gr legends. Cities wanted allegorical subjects setting forth life in figures 17th cent-artists painted landscapes Naturalistic practices by Dutch artists, painted out of door life of Holland beautifully, see meadows shearing mills & farms, like those 300 trs ago. Formal- Figures grander & more beautiful than people in attitudes people don't usually assume [F] Artists made formal landscapes more grand & imposing than nature. No real scene in nature Turners Dido Building Carthage Eng artist had never seen Carthage- no spot on earth like one represented. Painted like Cluade Loraine Fr artist 17th cent state Executive Board. There shall be such local organization as may be doomed effective for propaganda, but for political action a chairman shall be elected or appointed in each congressional district. ARTICLE VIII Dues State branches shall have power to fix their own dues and to create auxiliary or popular memberships on such conditions and with such dues as seem to them desirable. Every sate branch shall send to the National Treasurer for the use of the national organization fifty per cent (50%) of all dues paid in the state. Annual dues for members in unorganized states shall be one dollar. Any member may become a member of the international organization of the W.I.L.P.F. by paying five dollars annually in addition to state and national dues. Members of the international organization will receive the monthly journal published at the Geneva headquarters. ARTICLE IX Meetings Voting at the Annual Meeting and at special national meetings shall be confined to regularly elected delegates. Each state branch shall be entitled to one delegate and to one additional delegate for every twenty members a beyond the first twenty. Before each Annual Meeting or special national meeting a Credential Committee shall be appointed by the National Board to pass on the eligibility of all who present themselves as delegates. ARTICLE X Nominations and Elections All elections of delegates, boards, and committees shall be held under the supervision of the National Board by the Hare system of proportional representation. At each Annual Meeting a nominating committee of five shall be elected to present at the following Annual Meeting candidates for the -3- 3 - Turner had his pictures hung in Nat Gal of London beside Loraines - Finally love of nature won & then we had natualistic landscapes - 4 Triangles [?lob] Shy - bottom to water - 2 sides to land building & trees Sky & water occupy more space than the other 2 parts - Harmonious balance, one not harmonious - One pound weight - box of candy Music & painting are sisters Same parents Hand & mind of man. Thru contrast of light & darkness. Millet (The Sower) expressed dreary routine of peasant lot in a world where nature is beautiful Beauty of picture does not depend upon the subject but the way it is represented Italians with their grand classic compositions thot of beauty of form in beautiful draperies arranged so that figures cd produce beautiful patterns of line & form. To make a motive of the beauty of natural light was a discovery of the Dutch - After Holland received independence her artists went to Italy and cultivated the classic kind - Naturalistic landscape artists in Holland - End of 18th cent Constable Eng artist revived the naturalistic style of landscape Washington Crossing the Delaware ex of artificial treatment - fancy pictures of peasants grouped like taking part in Scene in opera - Began Dec 25-1776 in evening & lasted till 4 A M next morning - Picture does not represent dimness of writer twilight much less gloom of night Leutze didn't care about facts wanted to make Washington at its discretion, to aid to its number not more than ten additional members. The National Board may appoint from its own number an Executive Committee to which it may delegate such powers as it considers advisable. [*not more than*] The National Board shall appoint a National Chairman, not more than five Vice-Chairmen, representing as well as possible all sections of the country, a National Secretary and a National Treasurer. These officers together with the International Chairman of the W.I.L.P.F., the two representatives from the United States on the International Consultative Committee, the state Chairmen, and the chairmen of national standing committees shall form an Advisory Council. Members of the Advisory Council who are not members of the National Board shall have the privilege of attending all meetings of the Board and taking part in discussion, but without vote, ARTICLE VI Duties of the National Board Subject to instructions from the membership and to the provisions of this Constitution, the National Board shall have entire control of the organization's affairs and shall adapt such methods for furthering the purpose of the organization as soon to it desirable. It my engage such salaried staff and appoint such standing committees as the work requires, and may at its discretion appoint other officers and committees in addition to those provided for specifically in this constitution. It [shall] may organize state branches and appoint state Chairmen pending their election. It shall call an Annual Meeting for the entire membership and as many other general meetings as seem desirable. It shall have sole authority to issue printed matter in the name of the national organization. It shall have power to fill all vacancies. It shall act authoritatively in all emergencies as the voice of the national organization. ARTICLE VI. State Branches State branches when organized shall elect their own officers and have complete local autonomy subject to the provisions of this constitution. In every organized state there shall be a state chairman and a 4 strike heroes attitude vast difference between Academic & Naturalistic points of view Carpet green with red roses big as cabbages, gold furniture upholstered in blue startles & bang us in the eye - People with civilised taste are as distressed seeing gaudy colored carpets, wall-paper, gaudily upholstered furniture gaudy curtains cushions &c in a room as they wd be if parlor were fitted with rooster parrots & monkeys all crowing screeching & chattering together in a horrible discord of sound. Beautiful forms not color in Bougereaus pictures more you watch for beauty & train your feeling taste the more you will discover beauty - Grand Venetian colorists of the 16th cent Titian Tintoretto Paul Veronese, Peter Paul Rubens Flemish gloried in harmonies of splendor - Velasquez Rubens Contemporary was one of worlds greatest colorists by soberness & subtleties of his harmonies - Cause of color is light made up of all colors penetrates very object in nature Each object absorbs a certain quantify of color & throws off remainder - This remainder appears to our eyes as color of the object - Color is light - One color has more of this light in it than another Texture Jan vanEyck - Have Memling in 15th cent renders textures- Holbern 16th Cent Corregros pictures prized for their golden glow subjects from Bible,Religion Grk mythology puts them in glow far from real things in beautiful world of ours Winter- John H Twachtman- Spring by Tryon, Summer by Childs. Hassan, its drowsiness by George Inness all americans Best article not only paint features of nature (SUGGESTED AMENDED CONSTITUTION) CONSTITUTION OF THE WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE FOR PEACE AND FREEDOM Section for the United States ARTICLE I Name The name of this organization shall be "The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom: The Section for the United States". ARTICLE II Object The object of this organization shall be to promote that peace between nationals which is based on justice and good-will, to substitute law for war, and to co-operate with women from other countries who are working for the same ends. ARTICLE III Membership The membership shall consist of all women who substantially support the object of the organization and who pay the prescribed dues. ARTICLE IV Organization The affairs of the organization shall be administered, subject to instructions from the membership, by a National Board of Directors. The National Board shall organize state branches, which shall in turn organize local branches. ARTICLE V Officers The National Board of Directors shall consist of eleven members elected by the Annual Meeting. It shall have power, -1- 5 but depict varying expressions on her face. When piano string is struck struck it vibrate- ceases to a straight line is agitated in a series of waves. In increase the sound a thin layer of wood the sound board is placed beneath the strings. As string vibrates this board vibrates in sympathy so volume of sound in increased & enriched Tone of piano due to perfect relation between parts of piano Colors in perfect relation to one another in picture Chiaroscuro- contrast of light & dark Contrast of values is one of light & less light Revival of Naturalism in 19th Cent. Constable Eng landscape painter. Fr.-landscapists Barbizon Fontainebleau group. Paint nature & express love. Middle of cent came Gustave Courtet & realists paints what he saw Monet & Whistler influenced artists impressionism a more natural & real way of seeing things. Not only seeing things but the impression they produce upon our minds A Guide to Pictures Coffin The Executive Board may fill vacancies in their number that occur during the year. Each member who pays one dollar or more into the National Treasury shall be entitled to one vote at the Annual Meeting. ARTICLE X International Relations (1) This organization shall be the Section for the United States of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. (2) There shall be annually selected by ballot two persons who shall represent the United States Section in the Consultative Committee of the International League. These two persons may be briefly characterized as "Consultative Members." (3) At the annual meeting in 1921, and at the annual meeting of eah alternate year thereafter, there shall be selected by ballot thirty persons, of whom twenty shall be named as delegates and ten as alternates to represent the United States Section at the International Congresses to be called in those years. ARTICLE XI Amendments Amendments by a two-thirds vote may be made at any annual meeting, provided that announcement of said amendments is sent out with the call for the meeting. Proposed amendments must be sent in to the executive Board at least six weeks before the annual meeting. CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUTION MADE AT THE ANNUAL MEETING April 1921. 1. That all local membership involves National Membership and that each local group, consisting of not fewer than tem members, be allowed to arrange its own membership fees, paying 50% to the national treasury for every dollar received in dues. 2. That men shall be eligible for associate membership in the W.I.L.P.F. section for the United States who substantially support its platform and who pay the prescribed fee. 3. That a standing committee on nominations to be elected at each annual meeting (beginning with 1921.) This committee to receive throughout the year written nominations from members for general officers and executive board, and to present at the first business session of the succeeding annual meeting a printed or written report to all delegates including all names of suggested candidates who have already indicated willingness to serve if elected. This to be voted upon at the last business session by the method of preferential voting. This b-law not to be interpreted as preventing nominations from the floor to be included in the list of those voted for. Pleasure to come to the Terrell Jr High - Principal - teachers. atmosphere Embarrassing to be asked to speak to the pupils of the public schools If you were going to take a trip in an automobile you would have to decide when you wanted to go before you would know what road you would take The old lady - many journey thru the world apparently not knowing where they are going - purposes & plans - You are here now in the Junior High School - You are very young but not too young to decide what you want to do - Business men take an inventory of their stock every now and then in our mental stock In other words it is time for you young people to learn to think I am convinced that the curse of the world to day is that so few people learn to think many people go wrong & stay wrong But conditions in Liberia are of a more complicated nature. Liberia joined the League of Nations, thereby placing her international relations in review before that body & beyond the control of the U.S. Liberia agreed to an investigation of alleged forced labor conditions in that country by a body selected by the League. The U.S. joined in this investigation & President Hoover appointed as the American of the Com. Dr. Charles S Johnson of Fisk University. What greater recognition could he have accorded the Negro race than in this instance. Because of obstructions placed in the way of investigators a satisfactory investigation has not yet been accomplished. The problems arising in Hayti grew out of the Constitution written by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Democratic nominee for President & forced upon the Haytians at the point of the bayonet during the Wilson regime. The chief source of trouble has been the continued occupation of Hayti by American marines. In 1930 President Hoover sent a commission there to investigate conditions & as a result a policy of gradual evacuation of the marines has taken place. These then are the shibboleths contrived by Democratic advocates to take your mind away from vital national issues. These are the things they use to make you [?catspains] in their scheme to get control of the government. It ought to inspire courage in boys & girls who are [inclined] attempting anything that involves sacrifice or that requires extra effort or thus easily discouraged and was willing to endure hardships to accomplish the task that he had [im] taken. You remember on one occasion when Gen. Dinwiddie wanted to dispatch a special messenger to the residence of the French commandant. Every body declined this appointment, because of the danger involved. George Wa- was the only young man who would accept it. He had to traverse a wilderness of 500 or 600 miles, winter was at hand, the journey had to be made without military escort, thru a territory occupied by Indian tribes. This journey 7 and malicious are circulated against us constantly both by the press and by the direct descendants of those who in years past were responsible for the moral degradation of their female slaves - Though these calumnies have in the majority of instances as foundation in fact, they will nevertheless do us harm, if we compromise with what is questionable and countenance wrong in our social life - Finally nothing lies nearer the heart of colored women than the children. We feel keenly the need of kindergartens and are putting forth earnest efforts to 5 of that country which suffered so cruelly and horribly during the World War. I can never forget the miles & miles of the wicked barbed wire I saw laced an interlaced so cruelly close together that soldier who escaped bullets and machine guns and poison gas must have succumbed to that maiming, flesh-tearing wire I saw also the destruction wrought upon the beautiful historical cathedral of Reims It may interest you also to know that when I reached London Mr. & Mrs. H.G. Wells invited me to spend the weekend with them on their beautiful estate leased from the Countess of Warwick On that occasion I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. & Mrs. St. John Ervine the well known playwright who has since come to this [*evening*] country and for a time wrote the dramatic news for the N.Y. World [I met also] Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Lamont were also among the Mr. Wells guests on that occasion. After that D.L. SALISBURY CHAIRMAN MISS MAE GRASS VICE CHAIRMAN MRS. A.C. SCHERR ASSOCIATE VICE CHAIRMAN GEO. EWING SECRETARY JAS. G. CARPER TREASURER Kanawha County Republican Executive Committee Headquarters 807 Kanawha Street CHARLESTON, W. VA. [*C.H. James and Son 800 Va. St. West Charleston WVa Cap 2581-2582 707 Va. St. 2579*] J. H. Fairchild 300 Pres Oberlin B at Stockbridge Mass Nov. 25 1817. D Mar. 19 1902 Entered Freshman class at O in 1834 gr in 1838. 1839 tutor ordained in 1841-42. Professor of Gr. & Latin 47 transferred to Chair of Math. 58 to that of theology & moral philosophy equally successful & admired in each a proof of his various powers. At 31 became a member of Ex Com of Bd of Trustees and a leader of opinion in the faculty. Upon resignation of Finney immediately chosen to fill vacancy. Then college had 9 professors Poor financially without endowment or buildings worth mentioning. When he resigned in 1889 the college had 23 professors a large number of instructors, tutors & teachers a property value of 1000000 with buildings, equipment, scholarly reputation of a high standard. Tappan Hall donated by Arthur Tappan was in use 50 years. Chapel Hall in 1855. Corner stone of ladies Hall laid in 1861 by Father Kup. French Hall Society Hall Cabinet Hall Council Hall building of the dept of Theology Stewart Hall purchased in 1880 Library Society Hall, the Park Hotel 1883. celebrated semicentennial anniversary. during 8 yrs following the endowment & value of property increased to nearly 3x the amt reached during the entire preceding 50 years. 5 new stone buildings were erected Warner Hall- Peters Hall Spear Library Talcott Hall & Baldwin College Sturges Hall erected in 1883 rooms for literary sorities and an assembly room for general purposes. Pres F great teacher preeminently like all great teachers loves young people is quick to comprehend their questions to feel their difficulties & to look at things from their point of view. He is the impersonation of toleration & candor & has been to many students the most inspiring & broadening influence in their lives, Oberlin the college & the Colony. He was a member of the Creed Commission- formulated the belief the Congre Chamber a few yrs ago. In June 1889 the trustees reluctantly accepted his resignation as pres of Col.- occupied chair of systematic theology. [*Fairchild with college 68 years. He was born a Yankee of the Yankees. Worked all hours a day in a saw mill at 5 cts an hr. 1841 made a journey of nearly 3000 chiefly by river steamboats & on horseback to Minden in Northwestern La. to claim in marriage Mary Fletcher Kellogg who in 1835 persuaded her father to bring her from her home in Jamestown by 200 miles thru the woods in a one horse wagon to Oberlin because it was the only school in the county where a woman could study Greek.*] [*Pres in 1866*] 509 McMechen Street September 12, 1933 Baltimore Md Mrs. Mary Church Terrell 1615 S. Street. N. W. Washington DC. My Dear Mrs Terrell, Looking over a duplicate of the letter I had written to you asking you to be with us the fourth Sunday in October, I failed to mention the name of our Church. The Leadenhall Baptist Church. one of the largest churches here in the City. I am sorry this was overlooked. Thanking you again, Very truly yours, Sadie Carey Jefferson, When and where 1st the meeting demanding political equality for women was held If you know who introduced the who introduced the resolution and who seconded it you [are] come very near being in a class all by yourself and you certainly have the right to consider yourself a very rare bird indeed. Of course nobody knows who was the very first person in the world to think that a woman shd have [no] every right possessed by man. The notion may have flitted thru the brain of Mother Eve as she lovingly gazed at fruit hanging on the apple tree in the Garden of Eden. It is utterly impossible to point your finger at any one of the great characters who fought so hard for woman suffrage and say the thot originated in the brain of [*particular person or this *] that one or this. After all it isn't the person who first think of any good thing who deserves the greatest credit [for having] because he or she conceived the idea before it occurred to someone else. It is the person or persons who take off their coats and works hard to get any good thing who really deserve the admiration & gratitude of the world. [*Will Rogers once said that he dreamed of flying across the*] Who knows [how many] who was the very 1st person to think of flying across the Atlantic Ocean [until] before that feat which thrilled the world was performed? There is no doubt that many of the world's dreamers sighed for the day to come when they cd get into some sort of a flying machine & sail across the Atlantic Ocean. Will Rogers once said that he thot of flying across the Atlantic Ocean long before Lindberg hopped into his little airplane [machine] in N Y and less than 36 hrs afterward [in a few hrs afterward] landed in France but some how Lindberg or other people dont care who thot about flying across the At Ocean [it] first they give Lindberg all the praise because he did it. On the same principles the [interesting] thing about Woman Suffrage that interests people most when Susan B An 116th birthday is observed on the 15th of Feb [and her 116th birthday is being celebrated] is that who 1st thot about woman shd have the same rights as men to participate in the affairs of their govt but who took the first tangible [?] step to win the ballot for women. [*It is very gratifying to those interested in the fight women have waged to get recognition of various kinds to know [the leading] those who played the leading role in the first act in the drama depicting the fight women waged to win the the effort exerted by women [ballot] to get recognition along various lines to know the women & the men who took the leading roles when the curtain went up on the stage in the [story] drama depicting thefight women waged to win the ballot*] 3 Topeka we find Dawson in 1922 occupying the same position at the Lincoln High School, Kansas City, Missouri where he supervised the music of the colored schools of that city for four years and studied in the Horner institute at the same time. When he returned to Chicago in 1926 to continue his study of composition he became first trombonist in the Chicago Civic Orchestra under Fredercik Stock and Eric Delamarter. He was the first colored man to occupy this position and he won it by competitive examination. There is a bit of humor in Mrs. Dawson's version of this experience. He says he got this job, because he was the only applicant who could play the alto clef for the trombone. "I couldn't play it either," he says naively, "but Mr. Frederick Stock liked my attempt, so he took me." While he was in Chicago Mr. Dawson also directed one of the principle [choris] choirs in the city. When the Fiftieth Anniversary of the founding of Tuskegee Institute was approaching Mr. Dawson was invited in the Fall of 1930 to return to his Alma Mater to organize and conduct its school of music with special empha- sis on the work of the Institute Choir in preparation for the exercises which would celebrate that event. [*Omit*] When Radio City was first opened to the public Mr. Dawson appeared on the program with the Tuskegee Choir. Through the good offices of a friend [the] Mr. Dawson's manuscript of his Mr. Dawson's symphony was placed in the hands of Leopold Stokowski who immediately recognized its merit, but advised Mr. Lawson to make it short enough so that it would be suitable for public performance. The composer accepted the suggestion and revised the symphony with painstaking care. For a long time Mr. Lawson had cherished the ambition of writing a symphony based on themes derived strictly from the Negro Folk music. These 4 themes are taken from what is generally known as "Spirituals" which may be easily recognized by those familiar with them as they recur again and again through out the composition. Mr. Dawson has used three melodies which his mother used to sing to him so long ago he can not remember when he heard them for the first time and over which he has been brooding ever since he was a child. Women [*seem to be*] are worrying men today more than they ever did before. And that is saying a sentence full sure enough- And some women are getting a break too- There is no mistake about that- [They] But women got all they want by a long shot and all they intend to have-[*Note to the Editor*]I want all the words all they intend to have printed in the most glaring italics possible so as to inform the reader deeply- to illustrate what I mean by saying some women are getting a break I call your attention the fact that [there are] two [of them] ladies [from the South] are holding down 2 perfectly good seats in the U.S. Senate- I use the word ladies because these U.S. Senators are from the South and in that [section] neck of the woods white women are always referred to as ladies [?] [?] [?] while colored women who live there must never be called ladies They must be classified as women and right here I must digress long enough to say that in my opinion this is one of the cases where colored women get the best of the argument. Personally I should much rather be called a woman than a lady-But that [has just a to do with] is nothing just an aside. Can you imagine what one of those gentleman who signed a paper [a paper] called the Dec of Ind [some 260 years ago] would have said if anybody had told him 260 yrs ago that some day in the future there wd be a Senate & 2 women wd be sitting up in it just as natural as life? [Owing nobody any bold] Of course the individual who had the nerve to disturb the peace like that while those gentlemen were dipping their pens in the ink to write their names wd either have been [forcibly] ejected from that august presence or have been -3- On Friday, December 6, a group of some forty people, representing the Council of Social Agencies, the Monday Evening Club, the Washington Church Federation, the American Association of Social Workers, as principal spokesmen, together with representatives of Public Assistance Division employees, the Federation of Government Employees, the Community Chest, and other interested groups, presented to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia a protest against the 25% cut in relief payments which took effect on December 1, and the request that the District appropriation for relief be used as needed without attempting to retain 1/12, or approximately $166,000, for each month through June, 1936. Commissioner Allen said that he did not feel that i was wise to gamble on the possibility of further Congressional appropriations and a possible complete lack of fundsin the Spring; whereans spokesmen for the delegation emphasized the fact that starvation and evictions are taking place in the District at the present time, and that competent leadership should provide adequately for the present situation rather than attempt to play safe for later months. As a result of the conference, the Commissioners later determined to restore the 25% cut as of January 1. On December 14, a committee of Community Chests and Councils, Inc. was granted an interview by President Roosevelt to discuss the national relief situation and its implications for community chests. The committee consisted of President Stillman F. Westbrook of Hartford, Mr. Gerald Swope of New York, Mr. John Stewart Bryan of Richmond, Mr. Tom K. Smith of St. Louis, Mr. C. M. Bookman of Cincinnati and Mr. Allen T. Burns the Executive Vice-President. A half hour was given the committee with ample opportunity to present the conclusions of the two conferences of Chest leaders held in New York and Cincinnati. President Roosevelt stated through WPA and that this is all the Federal Government will do this fiscal year. It has no money to care fore more and the President will not ask any more. The states and localities must care for all the excess beyond the 3,500,00 be these people employable or unemployable. The fullest support of all the citizens should be given the Commissioners as they do all in their power to meet the abnormal relief needs of Washington. The audit of campaign figures was closed on Friday, December 6, showing the following results: Goal for 1936 - $1,877,900 Amount pledged through end of audit - $1,757,473.07 Amount pledged at same time for 1935 - $1,604,783.02 1936 excess over 1935 pledges - $152,690.05 Per cent of 1936 goal secured - 93.58% Per cent of 1935 pledges - 109.51% Number of pledges at end of audit - 169,003 Number of pledges at same time last year - 150, 018 Additional number of pledges for 1936 - 18,985. In 1935, on the basis of about 152,000 pledges, collections are a little more than 2% below 1934, as we have collected 88.97% of the total pledges, leaving a deficit on the year's operations in view of the fact that 90% of the pledges must be paid to agencies on the basis of accepted budget. In 1936 there are nearly 20,000 more pledges than we had last year, and experience seems to indicate that an increased number of pledges tends to decrease the total percentage of pledges that can be collected. straightaway slapped into the nearest insane asylum. Of course I dont know whether there any handy insane asylums [in a] near Phil to slap anybody in 260 yrs ago and it really doesn't matter you know what I mean. I shall not waste my time reading the history of insane asylums in this country to find out whether any body could have been shut up in one when the Dec of Ind was signed or not. [And wouldn't the gentlemen who was of 1776 have thrown a couple of dozen fits and whether the fathers & if they had been told how easy it wd be for a woman to break into the Senate in the year of our Lord 1935. [And do] You mean [you mean they wd have asked] to tell me they wd have asked pounding their canes in disgust & rage that all a woman would have to do to get into the U.S. Senate wd be to fill her dead husbands shoes?] But whether our forefathers & foremothers wd have liked it or not there are women in both the Sen & house of Rep. Not one has tried to knock any body's block. And up to date they have all behaved [*conducted themselves*] as intelligent respectable human beings. Not one has shaken her fist in a anybodys face Not one of them has threatened a fight [has] [to fight] and knock knock anybodys block off or threatened to kick anybody or even so much as a push or trick any body even a couple of blocks let alone pushing somebody from the [?] pavements of the Capitol all the way down Pa Ave right into the front door of the [White] House where the Pres [of the U.S.] lives. In short the women who are in Congress are not [dem] demanding their own business but are attending to the business of their constituents. I can not help wondering how the Father of Our Country wd have felt if he had been told that some day a woman wd be the Chairman of a Com [*whose duty it wd be to*] which wd attend to the affairs of the City in which the Cap of his country wd be located. But theres one thing certain. Whether he wd have said unprintable things 260 yrs ago or not he wd be -2- 5. A letter was received on December 5, signed by Father Shehan, Mr. Klass, Mrs. Ford, Major Asher, and Mr. Savin asking for a further emergency appropriation of $1,000 for relief and the Executive Committee invited these executives to confer with the Committee about the matter. The problem of relief resulting from the District having received its final appropriation from the FERA and not having enough money in the District appropriation made by Congress to deal adequately with the relief and transient situation was reviewed, emphasis being placed upon the fact that the Community Chest cannot be expected to furnish the money to take over the burden, and that the refusal of Washington people to contribute the additional 20% suggested in connection with the campaign goal was sufficient indicating that contri- butors do not expect to finance emergency relief through Chest agencies. The $1,000 requested was recognized as being totally inadequate to do anything except meet the most emergent needs that might be presented to the different agencies, all on a temporary basis, and for a matter of days only. It was requested as an attempt to prevent acute suffering on the part of families or individuals whose situation would be desperate because of the 25% cut in Public Assistance Division relief allowances for December, if the agencies could not make some temporary provision for them. The agencies could make no estimate of the length of time that $1,000 would last even though treated as an emergency fund under the supervision of Mr. Gray, all amounts drawn on it being reported daily to Mr. Gray. After much discussion, and with the realization that $1,000 might last for only a few days, whereas the end of December would probably bring an accum- ulation of needs in the District, it was voted that $4,000 be set aside as a possible additional appropriation for relief, this amount to increase the deficit in general Chest funds; $1,000 of this amount to be available for relief at once under the supervision of Mr. Gray; the additional amount to be turned over to Mr. Gray, in part or in whole, at the discretion of the President, the Director, and the Chairman of the Budget Committee, if and when needed; it being understood that $4,000 was the total sum to be handled in this way without further action on the part of the Executive Committee. I may add that through December 31, a total of $2,862.56 of this fund was used. 6. On November 29, the President and Director attended a meeting held in New York, under the auspices of Community Chests and Councils, Inc., and attend- ed by outstanding laymen and executives from a number of Chest cities, where it was unanimously felt that Community Chest cannot take the burden of relief which the Federal Government desires to turn over to local communities. On December 6, the President attended another meeting held in Cincinnati at which there was again unanimous agreement as to the inability of the Chests to handle the relief situation, and a statement authorized in New York was studied and unanimously adopted, asking President Roosevelt to help the states and communities cooperate in the Roosevelt program. 4 "The Bond of Africa" is the first movement and symbolizes the link uniting Africa and her rich heritage with her descendants in America. The second movement, "Hope in the Night" opens with three strokes from the gong , which is intended to suggest the Trinity, who forever guides the destiny of men. The music paints a monotonous background which describes the humdrum life of slaves where lives were prescribed before they were born, whose bodies were baked by the sun and lashed by the whip for two hundred fifty years. The English horn sings a melody that describes the characteristics, hopes and longings of a Folk held in darkness. Some of the music in this movement reminds us of children free from care, as they sing and play. But even in their childish glee there is an occasional wail and a touch of sadness. The third movement is based on two melodies - O lem-me shine, O lem-me shine, O lem-me shine, shine lik'a mornin'star. In explaining his work Mr. Dawson said:"It is not religious but classical in the modern idiom. A central there runs throughout the symphony," He said. "It is melancholy, a sort of wail, a type of hymn related to jazz in its rythm. It is an attempt to develop Negro music, something which they said again and again could not be developed. I made up my mind four years ago to stop talking myself and let others do the talking. Ever Since then I have been writing the music. I have never doubted the possibilities of our music, for I feel that buried in the South is a music that somebody, some day will discover. They will make another great world music out of the folk songs of the South. I feel from the bottom of my soul that it will rank one day with the music of Brahms and Russian composers." Even though the audience applauded between the first and second movements when the concert was given in Philadelphia the majority remained at the end of the performance to continue their enthusiastic plaudits lusti- ly and long. After Stokowaki himself had bowed repeatedly, he hurried from the stage and returned bringing with him the young composer who was greeted this thunderous applause. His admirers saw a young man of medium you possess [*a fact*] information about one phase of her long & useful life of which many who admire her greatly & are well informed how much read or heard The writer of the article will be forgiven I am sure for stating that she had the privilege & honor of enjoying Mrs A's friendship for many years very proud of the record made by the woman who is sometimes called the Mayor of Wash But there are usually two sides to every story - And the woman's story to day is no exception to that general rule. While many gains have been since womans status was but little higher than that occupied by children under 12, there are certain signs of the times which are anything but encouraging - indeed they bode no good to women if they do not better themselves and keep the status which they have already won 12 veins. I have always sympathized deeply with that young women who committed suicide in a southern hotel because in settling her estate, the lawyer made the startling discovery that her grandmother had been a slave." A colored man who has traveled extensively, and who has made a special study of the subject, related some incidents in my hearing some time ago which border on the sensational. According to him, and he offered proofs to verify his assertions, colored men who are supposed to be white have occupied and are to day occupying some of the highest offices and most desirable positions in the gift of the nation and the states. I myself could give the names if at least 40 families whom I have known as colored, with some of whom I have been intimately associated, who have crossed the Rubicon of prejudice and are now going their way rejoicing "on the other side." Please be kind enough to request Mr. Hardin not to threaten to wire Mrs Mc Cormick every time somebody accuses me of doing something to which he objects. I am [doing] obeying instructions which have been given me at headquarters to the letter. I have not deviated from them a hairs breadth - I have done no organizing any where I have been. When I finished speaking to a large au in the assembly room of the City Hall in Penna Sunday Jan 9 those present insisted upon forming an organization right away. [I couldn't] What should [have prevented them from doing so if I had] or could I do under similar circumstances? Should I tell people who want to organize in behalf of Mrs McC candidacy they [could] can not do so? I stated most emphatically [right then and there] at the Peoria meeting as I do everywhere I go that it is not my business to organize. But the people in the audience went right ahead and organized just the same. Mr. Hardin says a man by the name of Summers wired him that "things were in very much of an upheaval after your visit to Peoria owing to the fact that you were appointing people. There is not one word of truth in that charge against me and I can prove that it is false in toto. I have never appointed anybody to lead any organization anywhere. I have too much plain common horse sense to attempt any such high handed proceeding as that. Whatever an organization for Mrs M has been formed as a result of my talk, the people have appointed their own leaders and I have never tried either to suggest or dictate to them in any way--Spir Urban League Cap 4578 1530 E Capitol I tried to get in touch with Frank Summers while I was in P [*Joe Martin 1319 E Mason 9D296*] but he was out of the city until the day I left. When he finally returned called me I was about to take the train & cd not see him. Ask anybody in Peoria how much Frank Summers admits to. He is probably angry because he was no taken to my office and didn't get on the bandwagon. If Mr. Hardin is going to bawl me out everytime anybody prefers a charge against me and threatens to wire Mrs Mc the [?] tale about me he hears Ill have a rougher road to hoe than I had in Chicago [Ive been having] I want to say I have had no trouble anywhere on my tour with anybody black or white. The managers of the campaign in Peoria Q Bl and here have given me every assistance in their power and I have not done one thing toward making arrangements for the meetings until I consulted them. After they have advised me I have followed this advice to the letter [*Sam B -- Danley League 615 N 2nd Cap 2580*] I deny that I am [have] causing Mr H more trouble and work, as he accuses me of doing. If he has any trouble in Peoria he will go there and stir it up himself. I have made no trouble for him or anybody else [*Cap 4578*] Mr Hardin insinuates that I cater only to the silk stocking class that is false to [When I was] As soon as I heard that a man by the name of John B had a place in P I went there to see him. He was [not] out but his assistant was in. After telling the assistant my mission I went into the back room where men were playing cards and women were looking on and made a little speech about Mrs Mc and cordially invited them to come to the meeting at which I was to speak the following Sunday. The men who were probably gambling applauded me loudly and the first person I spied at that Sunday meeting was one of the men in John Brown's place. Moreover since I left P Mr Conway has written me that he was presented at a meeting attended largely by the [When the underwold was] for the underworld [and when that when it was announced that I wd have a return engagement in Peoria.] [So you see by this] This proves that the insinuation that I cater exclusively to the silk stocking class if false. Please ask Mr. Hardin not to believe everything ugly about me he hears, and ask him not to threaten to wire Mrs Mc Cormick about my evil ways. It moves me greatly. I am using every ounce of my strength [working] trying to win votes for Mrs Mrs. I believe I am succeeding. Sometimes I work 16 hrs a day, visiting people in their homes and talking to them- I am not perfect I am sorry to say. When I make mistakes Ill try to rectify them- But I don't want to be bawled out as some people talk to a cook. I shall probably remain here till Tues - Feb 11 - I am trying to work up a big mass meeting here - Where shall I go after I leave Springfield I have never been to Pontiac, Streator, Kewanee,Clinton or [*It has been suggested that I go to*] Paris. Shall got to those places? Please let me know what you wish me to do as soon as you as you decide 3 women than were those from all the countries represented it wd have been hard to find. Nobody will be surprised to hear me say that. The French women cd not come. France wasnt willing to let French women participate in a Peace meeting so soon after the war. Several determined Fr women made desperate attempts but if my memory serves me right their efforts were in vain. Here is a program of that conference. Resolutions agreed upon on the steamer as well as others were read. Finally the morning came for me to present the one in which I was especially interested. Each resolution was translated into 3 languages,Eng. Ger & French before it was read from the platform. Just before I was to go up I was informed that the one on which we agreed on the steamer was not the one which had been translated. at last... A GREAT STATUE to inspire America's COLORED CITIZENS onward and upward to Greater Glory - - - "To GREATER GLORY" is truly a work of Art that every individual of the colored race should be proud to own. First, because it stands for everything that the Race loves, Brotherhood, Patriotism, Progress, Power, Knowledge, Beauty and Physical fitness. Never before has an inspirational statue been created like this for great Negro America. William DeHart Hubbard, America's internationally known colored athlete posed for it. Arthur Earl Yvoni, America's popular young sculptor modeled it. Leaders of both the white and colored groups have been enthusiastic in its praise. Here is a brief description of "To Greater Glory". The figure of the youth depicts the physical well being of the Negro race, the upright character which marks its birthright. The right hand of the youth rests upon the world. This means attainment. We have already witnessed the accomplishments of great Negroes. By the child seated on top of the world and against the right arm of the large figure, parental love is expressed. The Eagle denotes Patriotism. The books at the base of the statue and the one in the left had of the youth symbolize knowledge. Here at last is a statue that everyone can afford, a masterpiece of Art that will inspire man, woman, and child onward and upward to Greater Glory. ORDER TODAY! Let the GREATER GLORY League help your Church The Greater Glory League will contribute to your church 50 cents for every statue bought by friends or members of the congregation of your church. In this way you are helping your church as well as yourself. The GREATER GLORY League Main Office 113-115 Fourth St. West Cincinnati, Ohio 4 into the 3 languages and I was a bit disturbed for I did not know what I was to present. But as I was walking to the platform I looked at this sheet which I am now holding in my hand and there before my very eyes was my own dearly beloved precious resolution. If any other resolution had been given to the translators they had made a mistake and had used the one on which we had agreed and not the substitute. I was very happy indeed. This is the resolution on the race problem which was adopted by the W.I.L. Congress which met in Zurich on Thursday morning a little before noon, Apr-1919-. [*Stop. Read Page 4 1/2*] X It may interest you to know that after the Congress on my way home I stopped several weeks in Paris and saw the devastated section GEORGE M. KOBER, M. D. President HARVEY W. WILEY, M. D. Vice-President FRANK P. REESIDE Treasurer WALTER S. UFFORD Secretary BOARD OF DIRECTORS Col. W. H. Arthur Mrs. Wm. H. Baldwin Emile Berliner Dr. Harry S. Bernton Miss Gertrude H. Bowling Hon. Royal S. Copeland Surg. Gen. H. S. Cumming John Dolph Dr. William C. Fowler Mrs. Ernest R. Grant Mrs. Wm. C. Morton Grinnell Dr. Wm. C. Gwynn Wallace Hatch Dr. Geo. M. Kober Stephan E. Kramer Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1022 ELEVENTH STREET N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. TELEPHONE, MAIN 992 HEALTH EXTENSION THROUGH CHRISTMAS SEALS BOARD OF DIRECTORS Dr. Joseph A. Murphy Dr. J. W. Peabody Frank P. Reeside Dr. C. W. Richardson Mrs. Joseph Sanders Dr. E. C. Schroeder Rabbi Abram Simon Dr. J. O. Skinner Dr. W. D. Tewksbury Dr. Charles A. Tignor Walter S. Ufford Dr. Harvey W. Wiley George S. Wilson Rev. D. E. Wiseman Dr. Allan D. Wolfe March 1, 1926. Dear Sir (or Madam): The National Tuberculosis Association requires us to render a strict account of all seals placed on sale at Christmas time. Will you not therefore be good enough to help us complete the record of our recent Christmas Seal Sale by supplying the infor- mation called for on the enclosed card and returning it to us, so that we may complete our report to the National Association? It is mainly through the sale of Christmas seals that we are enabled to continue the various health services for the prevention and cure of tuberculosis, such as:- 1. Department of Child Health Education a. Height-weight surveys to discover undernourished children. b. Nutrition classes for underweight children so discovered. c. Diagnosis clinic for problem-underweight children. d. Organized classes for instruction in health habits. 2. Summer Health Camp Sanatorium for tuberculosis children. 3. Occupational Therapy Department at Tuberculosis Hospital. 4. Food supplies for Open Air Classes for underweight children. 5. Extra helper for Harrison Health School. 6. Health bulletins in Sunday newspapers, posters, pamphlets, etc. 7. Health rules and booklets for children of the 2nd to 5th grades. 8. Bureau of information and advice. We hope that you will want to have a part in this health building program, especially that for the children of the District of Columbia, by giving us such financial aid as is in your power. Very respectfully, George Kober President. 4 which makes for the culture of the individual and the elevation of the race. When a small but noble band of women began a movement in Seneca Falls, NY in 1848 and so we go on struggling, striving & hoping that the door of opportunity will be opened wider unto us after a while. That the strong & powerful racial group in the US will not impede our progress by unjust restrictions cruel discrimination but will allow us to reach heights along various lines of human endeavor which our Heavenly Father has undoubtfully given us the ability to attain History is repeating itself today. The Scandinavian countries [*Germany has*] and the little nations in south Germany has brutally & bloodily conquered Poland, has deprived Czecho Slovakia of her independence and has made the Austrian people her[ German] vassals & slaves. The vast exped present in Europe knows that if Germany wins this war that will mean the extinction of [*his country's*], their independence for which many of them fought so long and so desperately in the past and for which they are willing to fight again and so all the Scandinavian countries, Norway Sweden, Denmark & Finland and all the little nations in Southeastern Europe are willing to combine against Germany and the allies. [who] I do not see how Germany can possibly win the second world war any more than she won the first. Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America INCORPORATED CABLE ADDRESS "FEDCIL" TELEPHONE GRAMERCY 5-3475 105 East 22nd Street New York, N. Y. EDGAR DEWITT JONES, PRESIDENT WILLIAM H. JERNAGIN, CHAIRMAN FRANK H. MANN, TREASURER EVA HILLS EASTMAN, VICE-CHAIRMAN SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT GEORGE E. HAYNES, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY GENERAL SECRETARY KATHERINE GARDNER, ASSOCIATE SECRETARY Department of Race Relations November 10, 1937 To those interested in the passage of a federal anti-lynching law: All friends of the Wagnor-Van Nuys-Gavagan anti-lynching bill need to realize that by a two-thirds vote of the Senate last August it was made the first order of business at the next session of the Congress following action on the farm control bill and is to "become and remain the unfinished business until the same is disposed of." Foes of the bill, however, are seeking to limit the program of the special session which convenes on November 15, leaving out the anti-lynching bill until the regular session in January. At that time further postponement might be renewed and the results so far accomplished be entirely lost. This danger may be avoided if the seventy-four Senators already pledged to the bill vote against any move to change the order of business. Will you not help by taking the following action at once? 1. Write the two Senators from your state urging them (a) to vote against any motion to postpone action on the bill, (b) to resist attempts to amend it by removing the financial penalty on counties where lynchings occur, and (c) to be on the floor at all times while the bill is being discussed, even in case of a filibuster, in order to keep an active majority in its favor. 2. Write or telegraph the President urging his active support for the bill. In addition please watch the course of this legislation and be ready with the help of all individuals and groups you can persuade to send a flood of letters and telegrams when the bill comes up for a vote. These next days will tell the story. Let's put the bill through now! Sincerely yours, Katherine Gardner Katherine Gardner G-f This as does well to keep the records & preserve groups deeds of prowess with N Cap. This a [*noble*] notable one which sh be left to posterity. We suffer lamentedly because so many facts creditable to our group have been forever lost. I am personally acquainted with men who died without leaving their own views behind & that of their group during the time in which they lived - Gov P was one of them He was governor of La for a day - He knew all about the Recon during & it is pity my own husband PHONE MICHIGAN 2000 NATIONAL NEGRO CONGRESS A. PHILIP RANDOLPH PRESIDENT JOHN P. DAVIS SECRETARY U. SIMPSON TATE TREASURER THIRD NATIONAL NEGRO CONGRESS APRIL 26, 27, 28, 1940 WASHINGTON, D. C. NATIONAL OFFICE 717 FLORIDA AVENUE, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. Dear Friend: Enclosed you will find a ticket, or tickets, for the Testimonial Dinner to our National President, A. Philip Randolph, covered by your paid reservation. Tickets should be presented for identification at the door of the banquet hall. However, we wish on this occasion, not only to enclose admissions to the Dinner, but also to express to you and through you to the organization you represent our sincere gratitude for your cooperation in this important dinner. We think you ought to know how gratifying it is to us that you and your organization have shown this kindly interest in our work. The National Negro Congress, and its Washington Council, which serves our community, will endeavor to live up to the confidence you have displayed in us. The response to our invitation to individuals and organizations has been most encouraging. And it is our hope that at the Dinner itself we will be able to outline a plan of work for Washington and the Nation of benefit to the Negro people and to your organization. Will you not relay our thanks to the members of your group. Most sincerely yours, [*John P Davis*] JOHN P. DAVIS National Secretary Now is the time to close ranks for freedom and equality. Let us unite the Negro organizations and the friends of Negro freedom on a program for security and manhood rights for the Negroes in America. 58 There have been 3 important parties which have called themselves Rep. But we are going to consider only that R party which was formed [by men] [because] in Ripon Wis by men who said [you in a ma] that if slavery were extended North of the geographical line 36 [degrees] 30' they wd throw old party organizations to the winds and form a new party on the sole issue of the non-extension of slavery The men who made the resolution were whigs, Northern Democrats and Free soilers - The name Rep was [the party was warned] formally adopted at a state convention of the new party held at Jackson Mich on the 6th of July 1854 -- The Rep party set out [had Started] to perform 3 tasks before it gained control of the govt in 1860. It was determined to make Congress restrict slavery to oppose the extension of slavery into the territories & to obtain control of the Fed govt -- It accomplished all 3 of these tasks - Lincoln elected in Nov. 1860 During the war period responsibility for conducting the govt rested entirely upon the Rep party The results of the war which came to a close early in 1865 vindicated in a signal way the principles, policies & leadership of the Rep party - It saved the Union, it decidedly ended the doctrine that a state has a right to secede & it destroyed slavery - It refused to accept the Dred Scott decision as good law - Kansas Nebraska Bill 1854 Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in Louisiana purchase N of 36° 30' N lat slaves lived among Indians and whites. Congress bound itself and to enforce with the law K-Neb- As Chase walked down the steps he exclaimed to Sumner They celebrate a present victory but the echoes they awake will never rest until slavery itself shall die - The sleeping city was roused that morning by the booming cannon that announced the passage of the measure - Ill only Northern State which approved. South interpreted it to mean that a territory had no right to prohibit slavery from its land that it can only do this on becoming a state It ended Dem rule - The Dem party as a whole always opposed all measures-looking to the destruction of slavery. During the wa Originally the Dem party was called the the Dem-Rep party and it is the oldest political party in the U.S. It originated in the belief of local self government & in the opposition to the aristocracy. The Fed party & the Dem-Rep party- the prefix Democratic was never used by Jefferson. Jefferson believe the Federalists were monarchists so he called himself & his party Republican against Monarchists. Dem party stood for states rights against monarchy Democrats as against aristocrats. Dem party originally put itself on record as standing for the rights of man. They stood for rights of man, the levelling of social ranks & the ordering of political privileges. Devoted to abstract principles of democracy & liberty. It has never consistently stuck to its principles thru out its long course The course has often been inconsistent. It early became a sectional party and the states rights doctrine was turned to the defense of slavery. It prated about the All her friends insisted that she was a lady of elegant leisure. [*Mrs Terrett*] She had heard that so often she tried to make herself believe it was so and yet somehow or other she was not able to prove it to her own satisfaction. When she counted the number of hours between the time she arose in the morning and the time she retired at night and tried to remember how long [many idle minutes] she had spent [many idle] during the day it was hard for her to recall that many minutes that slipped by while she sat still holding her hands or looking out of the window. Wd she ever have time enough to look out of the window she wondered. When she passed a house and saw a woman with time enough peacefully to look out of the window at people passing by she admired her. But her friends insisted she was a lady of elegant leisure and on the priniciple that 40 million Frenchmen cant be wrong [Mrs Terrett] she decided they must be right. Mrs. Terrett was a woman in which her friends took a deep interest. They often felt called upon to suggest what she should do or should not do. And on occasion one of them would go so far as to take her to task for her sins of omission if she failed to accomplish something which this particular friend felt might and should have been done Now Mrs Terrett was by no means a piece of putty in anybody's hand, mind you. She had a will and a mind of her own and she used them both as a rule She had gone to college and had duly received her A.B. degree. Then later on the A.M. came as a matter of course. But in spite of the fact that she had a will and a mind of her own Mrs Terett was always deeply impressed by anything her friends said. The reason Mrs Terrett was impressed with the statement made by her friends that she was a lady of elegant leisure was because she wanted to believe it herself If she were really such a [*personage as they described*] lady then she cd accomplish something she had wanted to do for a long time. --6-- It shall be the duty of the Budget Committee to consider the requests for funds of the participating agencies and to recommend to the Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees the respective amounts to be appropriated to those agencies. It shall act only after it has made the best investigation of the facts which is practicable and after giving participating agencies an opportunity to be heard in any matters affecting them. This committee shall have final decision regarding subsequent reallocations and additional appropriations, within the limits of the total sum allotted to it for distribution. If, during the year, the Committee finds itself unable to make urgently needed appropriations because of the exhaustion of all funds allotted to it, it shall have the right to ask for a further appropriation in an amount that can be justified by the Committee. [*Why don't you write any more some of her friends wd inquire. What's the matter with you these days? Your articles have appeared in some of the best magazines in the U. S. and in England, to say nothing of the most widely circulated newspapers. Why in the world have you stopped writing? Mrs Terrett pondered deeply upon this diagnosis of her case wh her friends had made and as a result of much cogitation & cerebration she decided she wd act. [Suddenly] Mrs Terrett decided she wd act upon the suggestion of her friends. I'll write something tho the Heavens fall, she said. [as] She nodded her head vigorously and her head [table] came down upon the table in front of her with a loud thump. No longer shd her friends chide her for definitely renouncing something which was good [and] which she could & shd do but didnt simply because she was too lazy. She wd start right away yes she wd start writing the very next morning. She had something on her mind that had been fairly itching to express itself. That should be her first sally into the literary labors which she resolved to resume by the Great Horned Spoon. Early next morning Mrs Terrett arose with Determination written in large letters upon her brow. After all she agreed with her friends. Of course she had time. Why didn't she leave time to write. As her friends so clearly & forcibly pointed out, she was living alone now. Both her daughters had married. One [was living] resided in a large Western City. The other was living in the same city with herself. After the girls had married and her husband had passed away Mrs Terrett has converted her large house into Lady of Elegant Leisure Trash Telephone Carpenter talk about him Huckster sorry but Lady came with religious track man wanted her to sign paper saying she had known him fifty yrs. Write Letter of recommendation Mrs Annie Jones phoned she wd call on me. interested in the Oxford Group. Call from friend- over resort teaching and complaint about not getting me her daughter at a [?sane] Mrs Scotts phone- talked long about her furnace Fuel Oil. Sheets Laundry- lost my sheets called to get them replaced. Mrs Golden phoned about Josephine French. Phoned principals of 2 schools about high school Once a member of Bd of Education always. Once in Christ never out. Phoned to invite me to card party talked about arrangements. Called to find out about banquet dearly loved them. Got wife of Grandmaster She tried to make Master of ceremonies. Called her back. Phoned Concrete men about sill. Special Delivery letters engagement. PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MINER TEACHERS COLLEGE GEORGIA AVENUE BETWEEN EUCLID AND FAIRMONT STREETS N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. EUGENE A. CLARK PRESIDENT February 24, 1936 Mrs. Mary Church Terrell 1615 S. St., N. W. Washington, D. C. My dear Mrs. Terrell: The President and Faculty of Miner Teachers College invite you to be present at our Founders Day Exercises on March 4, 1936, at 12:30 o'clock in the college auditorium. Mrs. Marion Wade Doyle, President of the Board of Education, will be the guest speaker. At the close of these exercises the college is making a pilgrimage to the grave of Myrtilla Miner at Oak Hill and we invite you to join with us in thus honoring the memory of our Founder. Very truly yours, [*EA. Clark*] President N When I received the kind invitation to deliver an address here in Greenwich Conn immediately I began to cudgel my brain trying to decide the subject for which I shd speak - Naturally I thot of many thoughts I wd like to leave with you Once I almost decided to talk to you about the need of thorough education for our youth - There is great temptation during these times of stress and strain which everybody feels for parents to take their children out of school. They tell their children about self made men & women who never went to school in their lives and yet made a mark for themselves. But they forget to say what happened 50 or 60 yrs ago to Jay Gould & [*2*] Nobody but the most bitter enemy of our group &c [*3*] The world is more determined than it ever was that nobody shall succeed whose mind has not been trained - & Young people themselves are discouraged They are not willing to make the sacrifice which getting a thorough education requires. Like their elders they take it for granted that the untoward conditions which obtain today will always obtain young people of our group need a thorough education the higher education if you choose so to call it more than The young people of the dominant race - As a general the youth of the dominant are not obliged to [over] throw huge obstacles of race prejudice out of their path after they have prepared themselves for some vocation or pursuit in wh they wish be engaged. That is to say they were not confronted by such a task before the hard times came down upon us. But colored youth have always experienced difficulties in finding suitable places for themselves. It is quite clear therefore that the minds of col youth must be specially well developed and trained. They must have a better education if possible than their brothers & sisters in white unless we make up our minds that our young must always remain hewers of wood & drawers of water. I shall just leave this thought with you as it has already been presented and shall elaborate no more. Then I thought of outliving a course of conduct which as a ra- group we might pursue to improve our condition in the U.S. These are qualities of character which we shd especially cultivate. Courage, for instance, to stand up for rights as citizens when they are denied us. Courage to select the people who are to preside over the destinies of our country as a whole, or our State or the town G.W.B.#18 -4- learn to trust the men and the men learn to trust their officers. In the night raids they see each other's courage, in a shortage of rations they see each other's unselfishness -- they get to know real men and to value them. If the men bring those new standards of judgment home with the, it will mean that the world will be a better place to live in than it has ever been, but if they come home and think that we have not kept pace with them, have not learned the same lessons of service, unselfishness and fair play they will probably sink back into the same old ruts and the world will have lost one of the greatest compensations that can come out of the war. Third, I promise to express my patriotism by endeavoring to live up to the highest standards of character and honor and by helping others to do the same. You see, girls, this is our own particular responsibility. There isn't one of us who is not attracted by the khaki, and it's right we should be because it stands for tings we're proud of; but we must not forget that under those uniforms the boys are just as human as they ever were, and will probably go just as far as we will let them. You know a soldier's life is deadly uninteresting. It consists of long hours of monotonous drilling varied by hard work that makes him crave excitement. He is also on a nervous strain. All his life he has been taught to save life and suddenly he is taught to kill and human life loses just a bit of its value in his eyes. Besides, he has laid aside his civilian clothes for a uniform that perhaps has no come to mean as much to him as it will a little later. He feels that he has merged his identity with that of thousands of others, loses some of his sense of personal responsibility and may do things he would never have done as a civilian and we must be strong for him. You see they are counting on us more than we know because this is to be the testing time of American women. Along with all the suffering and horror that this war will bring to women it will also bring them opportunity for service and progress such as they have only dreamed of, and it is a particular challenge to us girls because this new work will demand greater physical strength and keener mentality than we have needed before. Moreover, it will demand the adaptability and enthusiasm of youth so that it will fall to us to prove to the world that it was wise to admit women to larger fields of service. When the men join the army they take an oath of allegiance and this is our opportunity to go on record as patriotic citizens who are going to do all in our power to save American and the things America stands for; the things our grandfathers fought and died for; came to this country to get. When the boys over there read in the papers that millions of the girls at home have pledged themselves to stand back of them they will go into the trenches with greater courage and a song of victory in their hearts." July 15, 1918 Abbie Condit 3 in which we live - But after thinking about subjects like those just mentioned I decided not to choose any of them - I decided to leave them to the preachers, and teachers and speakers to whom we generally look for counsel and advise - I thot I wd tell you certain incidents which have actually happened G.W.B.#18 -3- canning the surplus vegetables and fruits for use next winter. Another way in which even those of us having no time for any organized work can help is to cultivate a cheerfulness that will spread clear to our boys over there, where life is very uncomfortable and sordid. Their feet are cold and wet most of the time. They're plastered with mud from head to foot, they're filthy and they can't get clean. You can imagine what it means to a man living under those conditions to get a box of luxuries from home -- and by luxuries they do not mean what you and I mean because we have absolutely no conception of what they're up against. They mean soap, clean handkerchiefs, insect-powder, the greatest friend a man can have over there. Just now the government is not allowing us to send boxes because the space on the ships is needed for other things, but that may be only a temporary condition, and in the meantime there is no restriction on letter-writing and never will be because the government realizes what mail from home means to the boys. Home seems very far away from them and they get to wondering whether we are remembering and appreciate the sacrifices they made to save us from the fate of the Belgian women and children. Let's write to them often, girls, they want to know we're being true and worth fighting for. Way back in 1915 the Emperor of Germany issued an order that none of the women should wear black or weep on the streets. There are no cripples allowed on the streets of Paris, because of the depressing effect upon the women. You see these nations came to realize the relation between the cheerfulness of the women at home and the spirits of the men at the front. Now all of us know families who have already sent their boys to the front and wee might make a practice of dropping in on them once in a while to help them face the loneliness and uncertainty, so that they could write cheerful letters to them. A British general came to New York the other day and when he heard about the Patriotic League he said: "I wish every girl in the United States would join in memory of Jenny Lanning", and then he told her story. Jenny Lanning was a little shop girl in London, very young, very anxious to do her bit, but not quite seeing what she could do. One day she called all the women in the shop together and said, "Girls, let's adopt the families of one of the companies at the front." Think what it meant to those men to hear that the girls were going to look after their children and cheer up their wives. They wanted to show their appreciation, so they took a shell that had been fired at them, made a ring and sent it to Jenny, but she never knew about the ring because the day before it reached London she was killed by a bomb from a Zeppelin while she was befriending some of these children. Think what her "bit" did, it inspired a company of Tommies to fight as they never could have otherwise, and now it is inspiring thousands of American girls to join the Patriotic League. There is another reason. Experience in war brings out the very best in the average man. The men get to trust each other, the officers of white women during slavery The shame of it all that women who loved their own children could look with dry eyes & hard hearts upon the anguish of their darker sisters whose children had been sold away damned by some that the hatred of white for colored women caused by the white mans fondness for them - But since the slave women were victims rather than cause of the wholesale immorality a necessary & indispensable adjunct of slavery - White womens indifference both before & after the war Fail to realize that the more degraded colored women are the more licentious will their hus-broth-sons be White men after col. school girls What Miss Laney told me - get the facts - Hard for colored girls to good [*Fisk University Nashville, Tenn. REV. J. G. MERRILL, D. D., PRESIDENT. F. BRODIE, D. D., TREASURER.*] History of Colored Women in U.S. Status of 1st African Women after landing here - Slavery - moral degradation - cruelty to which they were subjected- victims of white master's lust-maternal instinct so great that it survived even the wholesale separation of mother from child- how they bore children of master & mistress- the pathos of mothers whose children had been sold away whose hearts were bleeding with anguish lacking the affection they would naturally bestow upon their own upon the children of other women happy in the possession of their loved ones. Status after war - victims of white mans lust as well as that of their own men protected neither by public sentiment nor by law- Attitude [*Fisk University Nashville, Tenn. REV. J. G. MEHRILL, D.D., PRESIDENT J. F. BRODIE, TREASURER*] of white women during slavery the shame of it all that women who loved their own children could live with dry eyes & hard hearts upon the anguish of their darker sisters whose children had been sold away - claimed by some that the hatred of white for colored women caused by the white mans fondness for them - But since the slave woman were victims rather than cause of the wholesale immorality a necessary & indispensable adjunct of slavery - white womens indifference both before & after the war. Fail to realize that the more degraded colored women are the more licentious will their hus brothrs Sons be - White men after col School girls What Miss Laney told me - get the facts - Hard for school girls to good was a perilous one indeed, G.W. knew it, but he took it because he was brave and fearless - The boys & girls in our public schools can each and every one emulate the example of G.W. in this respect. In your sphere you can all be as courageous & brave as G.W. in [the] performing the [disgraceful] tasks assigned you by your parents & teachers. It is a mistaken idea that no one can be brave unless he fights Indians, faces a cannon or wields a sword. All that requires courage to be sure but it sometimes requires far greater courage to [perform] do one's duty at school & at home. It is so easy to shirk & deceive, nobody will know whether we do or we dont & we get no credit if we do. G.W. was methodical in whatever he undertook. There was nothing slipshod about his methods. We can learn a valuable lesson from him in this honeycomb this country with them from one extremity to the other - The more unfavorable the environments of children, the more necessary is it that steps be taken to counteract baleful influences upon innocent victims. How imperative is it then that as colored women we inculcate correct principles and set good examples for our own youth whose little feet will have so many thorny paths of temptation, injustice and prejudice to tread. So keenly alive is the National Association . G.W. accepted it not because he was reckless not because he was willing to lose to his life, not because he was ignorant of the awful risk he ran and he manifold dangers that lurked [in] behind every turn, but he accepted it because he knew somebody had to perform the commission he believe it was his duty to do so. Some years ago a Commissioner of Education declared that colored women make the best teachers in the world. In the professions we have dentists & doctors whose practice is lucrative and large. In an effort to make a Blitzkrieg talk there would not be time enough to give facts and figures to prove this statement. But I want to call your attention to the difficulty experience by a colored woman who practices medicine. Not long ago many colored people could not be persuaded to employ a colored man physician because they had no confidence in his skill. I shall never forget how frightened I was when the first colored physician I called felt my pulse & told me to stick out my tongue, said one colored woman. [*I can't have been*] If a bomb had come rolling into my room ready to explode she said. To such an extent are colored people themselves victims of a mind murdering, soul crushing environment from the silliest goose who masquerades as a sentient human being & those who are highly educated & should know better. Since colored men have had difficulty practicing medicine the obstacles confronting colored women doctors have been much greater from the nature nobler thing to want to put this knowledge to some good use. And that is what colored women have done. With tireless energy & eager zeal colored women have trying to educate & elevate their race as tho upon themselves alone devolved the accomplishments of the great task. Many of them have entered the profession of teaching I believe 80% of the colored teachers of our youth are women. Degrees [univesitur?] of the land Teaching Doctors - Nursing - Law - Laboratory Tech - ???ing a profession It would take a long time to call the names of these who have distingushed themselves on the concert stage. A shining example in the field in Marian Anderson who has a voice of such richness and sweetness & volume as can be heard only once in a century 6 a great hurry and I am sure she will not be willing to wait since its my fault and not hers. Dont worry about that. I am perfectly willing to wait. X May I use your phone while you are fitting Mrs Crosby. A close observer of human nature might have detected a peculiar expression on Mrs. Villards face. It was the expression of a woman who had just decided to do something important or momentous and who wanted to do it right away. I see you have had a phone put in said Mrs. Villard. It is a great convenience to your customers. That was the only reason I went to the expense. It is not only convenient to my customers but She made this request- it has brung [the] me many new customers as well. While the fitting was going on upstairs Mrs Villard used the phone. When she hung up the receiver [and] [expression of determination pleasure spread over her face] she looked as tho the interview with the individual at the other end had been entirely satisfactory. [When she] Mrs Villard had been fitted and the trimmings thoroughly discussed when little Regia returned from the walk. Would you not like to spend a few days with me at the end of this week, Mrs Villard asked her, stroking her cheek. If your mother will let you come do you think you would be happy with me for a few days. Dora and I shall take a little trip Friday [and] We could come for you Thursday afternoon and take a nice spin. But re- Regias eyes fairly danced with joy. If she enjoyed doing one thing more than another it was [*Washington D.C. 326 T*] 5 daughter when the operation will be performed free of charge - Oh my husband would never consent to that, quickly interrupted Mrs. Wright- He would never agreed to having Regia go to a hospital as a charity patient - He has too much pride for that - For a moment words failed Mrs. Villard - [Then she aroused] The speechlessness lasted only a few seconds - Do you mean to say your husband would allow his pride to stand between your child and her health? The same physicians who removed [are] my little daughters adenoids and tonsils, for you remember she had the same infection Regia has, operates at the Lincoln & will perform the operation free of charge . [large fees are paid by the well to do operate upon those with little means for nothing] At the Lincoln color Hospital Dr. Dutton who removed my own daughters adenoids and her tonsils would perform [*free of*] the removal operation upon any child whose parents could not afford to pay his fee free of charge - Just see, said Mrs. Wright, looking out of the window, there comes Mrs. Crosby to try on her dress and you have not tried on yours - "She's always in Twenty five years ago [in] this [very] month in the very city the N. A. of C. W. held its first really great Convention. And everybody without regard to race color sex & previous condition literally sat up and took notice with which fairly slapped me in the face with a voice and with animosity which was so thick you could cut it with a knife. [Colored women had] Round about then the reason word went forth that [the] colored had not only a national organization but they intended to hold a convention which would last 3 days during which the most intelligent, progressive and eloquent col women in the U S would talk. What were these colored women going to do any how, how were they going about it and when & where & why were a few of the questions asked - [Of course To be sure colored women had been organized before thru the medium of the Church people a] People could understand how colored women belonging to a certain denomination could organize successfully and work together peacefully. For col. women had already been organized thru the medium of their church. But this Nat Ass. of C. W. was altogether a different story. Here were col women who were baptists, hard shell and otherwise of people who were methodists, the A M E, Zion M. E. Col ME As one man said there were 57 varieties of methodists alone, there were congregationalists & priest- at The World Tomorrow Editors - JOHN NEVIN SAYRE, DEVERE ALLEN, ANNA ROCHESTER, Business Manager ALICE PARSONS Contributing Editors - SARAH N. CLEGHORN, WALTER G. FULLER, ZONA GALE, JOHN HAYNES HOLMES, GRACE HUTCHINS, RUFUS M. JONES, KIRBY PAGE, RICHARD ROBERTS, NORMAN THOMAS, RIDGLEY TORRENCE, HARRY F. WARD Fellowship Press - GILBERT A. BEAVER, President RAY NEWTON, Secretary L. HOLLINGSWORTH WOOD, Treasurer ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Telephone 396 BROADWAY Canal {6522 NEW YORK CITY {6523 May 7, 1924 Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Washington D.C. Dear Mrs. Terrell: Under separate cover we are sending you a magazine which frankly doesn't believe in the devil. Most people still do, though of course they label him differently. The Main Street Capitalists, for instance, call him Labor, the Secret Service Department sees him as Parlour Anarchists, Radicals call him variously The Capitalist System, Private Property, Land Ownership, others see him incarnate in the Volstead Act. And their magazines echo them. Instead of seeing facts, situations, they see Devils. The World Tomorrow doesn't. It realizes the cruelty, the destructiveness of the present order of society and believes in the practicability of a much happier one. It sees mankind perplexed and divided, honestly perplexed, not wilfully cruel or malicious. It tries to look at facts and to that end concentrates each month on one subject, studying it from as many angles as possible and presenting a wealth of material for the student of social conditions. And because emotions are quite as important as facts, it offers poems, stories, personal experiences. It believes that a monthly magazine which has such a philosophy and general viewpoint toward life and which approaches all concrete problems in the spirit of unbiased scientific inquiry, is invaluable. If you agree, put a dollar in an envelope with our subscription blank and mail it back to us, and you will find at the end of the year that you have the equivalent of twelve up-to-date books on economic, social and industrial problems. Sincerely, Alice Parsons Business Manager When the NACW was organized in the 19th St Bap Church in Wash 1896 (few were so brave or so optimistic as to believe that its success wd be so great its growth so prodigious and the services rendered so invaluable as they have in the short space of 25 [*4*] yrs- Altho I am very young as you all see [*everybody here must have observed*] when I see all these delegates before me and realize how few there are here to day who were present at that memorable [Washington women] meeting in Wash, I have a very hard time to persuade myself that I am not growing old- at that time if any body had predicted that the baby girl whom [as had] was named the N A of C W wd live to be a grown woman 25 yrs old, many wd have expressed very grave doubts indeed - And what a hard time we had to find the infant a proper name - [No parents] It is [bad] sometimes difficult enough for only two parents to decide upon the right name for the first baby. I have heard of young mothers & fathers actually coming to blows because the baby was finally named 2 Agatha, Adaline, Fredonia May when some other member wanted her named plainly sensible Mary Eliza or Mary Jane - any one who has even a little bit of [sufficient] imagination can easily understand what difficulty wd be experienced in finding a name for a baby who had if 14 intelligent, determined mothers each & every one of whom having opinions & ideas to which she believed with all her heart soul mind & strength and which she did not hesitate to express But here I am talking about the name of this baby before I have said anything about the very interesting circumstances of its birth_ As many of you know, the N A C W was formed from the union of two large & important organizations of col women which thought they shd join their forces & become one Not every woman in each of these organizations felt it wd be wise to give up its separate existence Whenever a new organization is formed people usually predict its failure or its success & the N A C W were no exception to this general rule. Many shook their heads & said from the very 3 nature of the case it must necessarily fail. It cd not succeed There had never been a large national organization of col women with purposes & plans such as we had outlined and since there never had been one some people argued there never cd be. Some simply dismissed the N A C W with contemptuous wave of the hand a shrug of the soldiers or looked upon it as a huge joke. And I can not feel that the doubting Thomases & scoffers were altogether to blame_ There was a [good] reason for the[y] [felt they] N A C W [did not come as many into existence] [without travail & pain.] was not born into this much unfriendly world without travail & pain - It was formed as you know from the union of two large organizations each of which wanted to be national 4 in scope The C W S & the - Nat Fed of afro - amer women But after much discussion [no] a little rancor perhaps and some dissension that was perfectly natural under the circumstances the two organizations decided to unite.Then a com of persons from each organization was appointed to elect its officers. No one of the 14 women appointed on that Com can ever forget that day it met as long as she lives. And it wd be extremely difficult to describe what transpired in that little back room of the 19th St Bap Church so that any one here to night cd appreciate how the women of that Com felt. Each and every one of those 14 women came into that Com meeting with a high purpose and the determination to transact the business for which she was appointed [to do as] the best she could Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.