Speeches & Writings File Published Writings by Terrell, 1888-1900 MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO. VOL. XVII. MARIETTA, O., NOVEMBER 24, 1888. NO. 4. ON "CASA GUIDI WINDOWS." "O Bella Liberta," the child's cry in the street Has borne a woman's soul to heighths of song : Has tuned a lyre, oftentimes too sweet, To sound the measures of a nation's wrong. O wondrous heart, in sympathy to meet The souls that to another land belong. * * * * * * The honoured dust that lies in ancient Rome, Augustus' parliament of tuneful bards, And lovely Florence, exiled Dante's home, May on thy head their essences and nards Their fragrant oils and grateful ointments pour For round thy gentle brow is wove The halo of a people's love And Italy is free forevermore. Nov. 22d, '88. C. C. W. PROTECTION. [*mine*] "Our country's welfare is our first concern, He who promotes that first best proves his duty." Free Trade, theoretically, is a beautiful theme; nicely woven by the dilettante and economist, will-o'-the-wisp-like, it is an ultimate delusion. The destruction of monopoly, the cry of the demagogue, is a deluding mirage, offering food to the hungry and drink to the perishing. A tempting oasis in the desert of toil, pictured by the inexperienced theorist, representing fantasies of better times and remunerative labor, fraught with a Utopian cheapness to the consumer. Free trade was designed for a perfect commonwealth "where the wicked cease from troubling and the weary are at rest." Something one would expect to find in that exquisite little island of Palmetto and Pomegranate, where the unsophisticated Paul and Virginia eked out a canary existence. This, the anachronistic prematurity, heralding the Golden Age, for which humanity is unprepared, is Free Trade. This economy that teaches that "all men are brothers, and should share an unrestricted international commerce," and that the zenith of progress has been reached, a height where doors may be left unbarred with safety, is a nice gentility unsympathetic with present Plebianism. Protection teaches that charity begins at home. That there must be some means of equalization to compete with the cheapness of foreign countries. That tariffs must be arranged between foreign countries, inversely as the distance, and directly as the cost of labor. That there must be reduction of wages in every branch of trade in throwing wide our portals to the pauper labor of Europe. That there must be a reduction of the earning power of every dollar of capital invested in America, whether in manufacture, agriculture, or any other pursuit, without some mode of political defense. The one gives our money, our manufacture, and our markets to other nations to the injury of our labor, our trades-people and our farmers. The other keeps money, markets and manufactures at home, for the benefit of our own people. The dictates of enlightened patriotism, and the doctrine of self-preservation teach that there should be an absolute freedom of exchange within our own borders, and among our own people, that domestic competition is a means to an end, and that there should be a reasonable taxation and restraint upon those without. This is the Protective economy. The tariff is a local question depending on the surroundings, advantages and possessions of a country. There is no economist who can determine a policy for all nations, or formulate a correct principle for controlling the foreign trade of more than one government. It is a question of nation dealing with nation; and of national governments adopting national laws with reference to their traffic or intercourse with other countries, and the people therein must look to their nation's surroundings and possibilities, and decide upon a policy accordingly. What would be good for one would not be good for another, and what would be correct statesmanship in one case would be quite the reverse in another. Without giving any statistics, without referring to any reports, first look at the surroundings, possessions and advantages of the United 38 MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO. States. Territorially it extends from Canada and the lakes north, to the Gulf of Mexico on the south, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. It embraces all climates, and the soils necessary to produce, with few exceptions, everything agricultural with as great perfection, and as little labor, as any other part of the civilized world. In fact there are many millions of acres of land which are not likely to be called into requisition for the support of the present population, or of their offspring for centuries. In the fabricating or manufacturing line, our resources are equal to or even greater than in the agricultural. We are equal, if not superior to any other country in canals, railroads and sea-coast advantages. Finally, we are naturally as smart and vigorous a race of people as any other, capable of doing and learning to do any and all things that any other people can do. A people the great majority of whom have been reared as freemen, as sovereigns instead of subjects, not accustomed to bow to any fixed and permanent superiors, and accustomed to a mode of living far above pauperism, being the greatest of all consumers. Now, with these things so adapted by nature for our benefit, is it necessary for our good, living in and owning such a country, to trade exclusively with other countries, or at all? Political economists have divided up the human industries into three great heads: agriculture, manufacture and commerce. The first two, per se, are necessities and blessings. The third, in itself, is a burden or tax on the other two. The nearer the human family can come to living out of the first two, disconnected with the other, the more comforts of life can they reap with the least labor. To illustrate: Here is Harmar, a little world or nation of people, living in one locality, and engaged in agriculture, producing all conceivable agricultural products. Marietta is another little world or nation of people engaged in manufacturing, and producing all conceivable kinds of manufactured articles which our people use, even up to the present high civilization, and is situated fifty miles from Harmar. Harmar is kept busy exclusively with agriculture and Marietta exclusively with manufacture. It is obvious that in order for Marietta to live he has to get something to eat from Harmar. It is also evident that Harmar must get something from Marietta to wear, shelter under, ride in, etc., or he can not live. It then becomes necessary, situated as they are, fifty miles apart, to call into service another little nation of people whom we will call Muskingum, for the purpose of passing between them. So Muskingum is kept busy all the time in a commercial traffic, going and coming to and from Marietta and Harmar. Harmar must labor to support and feed Marietta, and Marietta must labor to clothe, shelter and furnish him with all manner of manufactured articles. Now suppose that instead of being fifty miles apart, we can in some way eliminate the distance, and bring these two peoples together, so that Marietta can hand over to Harmar, and in turn, Harmar can hand over to Marietta. Under these conditions doesn't the necessity for Muskingum cease, and that being the case, can't Marietta and Harmar labor just two-thirds as hard and have the same comforts of life? For they are only working for two, while before they had to labor to support three. Further, suppose that we again instance, and say that instead of fifty miles apart they are located one hundred miles apart, engaged as before described. Now, two Muskingums are necessary. Now Harmar must cultivate corn, wheat, cabbage, beef, potatoes, etc., for four and Marietta must manufacture for four. Annihilate this space, put one of the required Muskingums with Marietta and the other with Harmar, and they could then work just half as hard as before and have the same comforts of life. These two figures, Marietta and Harmar, represent the United States, so adapted by nature, and prove the necessity of the elimination of the third party. There has been an outcry against pauper labor. What is the difference between sending raw material to China or India, and having it shipped to this country after the pauper labor has been performed and allowing pauper emigrants to do the work here? We are the largest consuming nation on the face of the globe in consequence of high wages. Putting raw material on the free list, with wool from Australia, iron ore from Spain, lumber from Canada, coal from Nova Scotia, and salt from Turk's Island, is there any equalization in the remuneration of labor in a comparison of these countries with our own? "Free raw material is the badge of poverty the world over." Should raw material be put upon the free list, thousands of dollars of American capital, and thousands of American workmen would be thrown out of employment. Turn to Ireland, Holland, and the desolated low-land countries of Europe, and find fit illustrations 39 MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO. of Free Trade in raw materials. Like causes produce like effects. If financial disasters, bankrupt discrepancies, dire panics, and a baneful state of affairs were the outcome of a low tariff in 1837 and 1857, may low tariffs not prove equally fallacious in the future? The future prosperity of this country will depend upon Protection, which, Midas-like, has metamorphosed everything to gold. That love of Protection, America's primordial birth, produced results not less remarkable than our subsequent spirit of enterprise, which burst through the dark night of insolvency, throwing the shackles from the bone and sinew of progress, robbing the vast store-house of the earth of its treasures, and spreading the sails of commerce. By its magic prosperities have sprung up more numerous than armed men from the teeth of the dragon. This the American conception of Protection. THE STUDY OF LATIN. Within the past two years two monographs on Classical Study have been published which are interesting and significant. They come from two prominent professors of Latin the one at Williams the other at Cornell, have special reference to the study of Latin, and present views more or less at variance with those usually entertained upon the subject. It is the object of this article to show, largely by extracts the positions held by the authors respectively. Perhaps in a future number of the OLIO something may be said of the strength and weakness of these positions. In a former OLIO some extracts were made from Prof. Morris's Monograph, giving in brief review the historical development of the study of Latin, and claiming also for classical study the discovery of the law of the Comparative Method. The closing paragraph of the extracts was as follows: The study of Latin, then, has passed through three stages,--it has meant linguistics, history and literature, and rhetorical composition. It is now in a fourth stage; it means and is to mean, the science of Latin philology. The author does not give a specific definition of "the science of Latin philology," but the quotations will throw some light upon the term. He says: First. Latin grammar is now a study of word-forms. Its object is to determine with all attainable completeness the othography and pronunciation of different periods, and thereby to settle the precise form of the language which is the middle link in the line of evolution from the Aryan to the modern Romance dialects. Here is, perhaps, the centre of greatest activity in Latin philology. Some idea of the extreme precision with which the work is done may be obtained from the bulky and, alas! expensive volumes of the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, issued under the auspices of the Berlin Academy. Second. Latin lexicography is now entering upon a new era, at the hands of a company headed by Woelflin of Munich. They expect to prepare a lexicon which shall give the history of every word in the language, from manuscripts, glossaries and inscriptions, beginning with the earliest records and including the ecclesiastical writings of the Middle Ages. The work can hardly be carried to a conclusion within twenty years, but when it is complete we shall have one of the best dictionaries in any language. The results, as they are obtained, are published in a magazine devoted to lexicography and grammar. Third, there is no direction in which scholars of this century have so completely surpassed their predecessors as in syntax. Passing from page 10 to page 18 we quote again. The study of Latin therefore, in our schools, as well as among advanced workers, means, primarily, the science of the Latin language, and, secondarily, as a means more than as an end, linguistics, the acquisition of the language for reading. And this is the study whose relation to a liberal education I am to discuss. That relation is briefly this:-- as a science, logically clear and simple in principles, philology is peculiarly adapted to the academy and early college years. For these years, which together form a preparation for the advanced scientific work of the college, have a special aim and unity of their own. They centre about the training of the mind in the fundamental scientific processes, observation, generalization, proof. The supreme question, therefore, in regard to a preparatory study is not, "Is this of practical value?" "Is it one of the great sciences ignorance of which would shame us?" Such questions must be asked, but they are secondary, and the first question is, "Is this a science which will train the student to observe, to generalize, to prove?" How the study of Latin meets this test my definition has been intended to show, and I need only briefly recapitulate the argument which would be based upon it. 40 MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO. 1. The current thinking, for a share in which we are to be prepared in college, is scientific in tone. 2. The studies of the advanced college course are therefore, whatever be their subject, to be studied and taught after scientific methods. 3. As a preparation for such work the student needs daily drill in the fundamental scientific processes. 4. Philology is a science, and its clearness and adaptability to what may be called laboratory work recommend it strongly to a place in the preparatory course. A defence of the study of Latin, on the ground that it is a good preparation for scientific work, may perhaps, when one remembers that classical study existed some centuries before the science for which is it supposed to prepare found a place in the curriculum, seem to be a very artificial defence, invented to suit the occasion. And so it would be, had the study of Latin remained unchanged. But it is, as I have tried to show really a new science. Nor am I attempting to prove that this change in its nature has been the result of a deliberate and conscious effort on the part of classical teachers to accommodate their study to the new spirit. Such an artificial change would have little meaning. The argument is rather that, as philology was the first study to feel the new influences of the fifteenth century, and by virtue of that fact became the main instrument in cultivating in the individual the spirit which it had helped to arouse in the race, so in the scientific revival of this century it was again a leader,--the leader, and therefore again available among other studies for cultivating in the student the nineteenth century spirit. This is no trumped up argument, but the argument which the history of the rise of scientific thought [thrusts] upon us. In answering the objection that scientific studies or the modern languages might be substituted for Latin in the preparatory course, Prof. Morris says: Brought to the test of adaptability to a thoroughly scientific method of work in the class-room, the physical sciences fall short in one particular; they afford no sufficient daily drill. In order to put them on a level with the classics in this particular, the work should be done in the laboratory, and that not only in recitation, but in the preparation of the lesson also. Such a method of study is now pursued, so far as I know, in no preparatory school in the country, and for an evident reason. It would require a laboratory so arranged that every student could have for six or eight hours daily the use of a table and a rather complete set of apparatus, and would necessitate such an increase in the number of teachers, that every ten or twelve students could be under the care of a separate instructor. Holding to the opinion that the preparation for college must consist of drill in scientific methods, I believe the fact that the modern languages are uninflected is an insuperable bar to their use in the lower schools. * * * I repeat, that the value of any subject for drill, in the fundamental operations of science, depends upon the question whether its phenomena can be classified and expressed by laws, whether the relation of cause and effect can be traced in them, whether they admit of logical form. There is a science of the modern languages,--and a vigorous and fruitful science it is,--but it is a science which requires the trained minds of scholars; it is not, and it never will be, a science for schoolboys. * * * Their use, especially if taught, as they should be in the lower schools, by the natural method, would train the mind in imitation and little else, would train the very faculty which is strongest in childhood, and which stands most in the way of independent thinking. It is always difficult to make quotations from a paper and not misrepresent the writer, but we think the above paragraphs indicate accurately Prof. Morris's view of the Relation of the Study to a Liberal Education, the subject which he was asked to discuss. ____________________ GALILEO. In the same year in which the immortal Shakspeare was born, Italy gave birth to a man destined to be no less renowned in his line; a giant in the scientific circle of the world. Accidents bring some men into fame; surrounding circumstances and conditions favor the advance of others to positions of greatness; but a true genius like that of Galileo will find its way to the notice of the world however much it may be hindered. Galileo made for himself a name so brilliant that is has not suffered in comparison with the great scientific lights of later times. A Newton, a Humboldt, or a Darwin does not occupy a higher place in our estimation. As is the case with almost all men of genius, while yet a boy Galileo gave evidence of that wonderful intellect which should later enable him to grapple successfully with the greatest problems of his day; ones which were waiting for some clear-headed philosopher to MARIETTTA COLLEGE OLIO. S.R. TURNER & CO., The Popular DRY GOODS HOUSE. _____ THE LARGEST STOCK! ---AND--- LOWEST PRICES. _________________________ WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED THE BEST INVESTMENT FOR The Family, the School, the Professional or Private Library. [image] The latest edition contains 3000 more Words and nearly 2000 more Engravings than any other American Dictionary. ------------------------------- Among the supplementary features, original with Webster's Unabridged, and unequaled for concise and trustworthy information, are A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY giving brief facts concerning nearly 10,000 Noted Persons of ancient and modern times. A GAZETTEER OF THE WORLD locating and briefly describing 25,000 Places; and the Vocabulary of the names of Noted FICTITIOUS PERSONS & PLACES The latter is not found in any other Dictionary. Webster [excels] in SYNONYMS, which are appropriately found in the body of the work. ---------------------------------- Webster is Standard Authority in the Gov't Printing Office, and with the U. S. Supreme Court. It is recommended by the State Supt's of Schools of 36 States, and by the leading College Presidents of the U.S. and Canada. Illustrated Pamphlet sent free. Published by G.&C. MERRIAM & CO., Springfield, Mass. _______________________________________________________________________ BUTLER & VANDERVOORT, GENERAL Dry Goods Dealers! Offer Special Inducements in Dress Goods, Black Silks, Cloaks, Dress Trimmings and Underwear. __________________________________________________________________ Over Ten Thousand Well Assorted Books in the Literary Society Libraries. --------- New Books Constantly Added. GEO. M. PLUMER, - - Alpha Kappa, FRED. A. MOORE, - - - Psi Gamma, Librarians, -------- Terms $1.50 Per Year. MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO. MARIETTA COLLEGE Marietta College aims to furnish young men the most thorough education at the smallest expense. It is believed that nowhere else can equal advantages be had at less cost. It has not infrequently happened that its graduates have been able to command within a year or two after graduation a salary equal to the outlay during their college course. Two courses of instruction are offered, each occupying four years, the Classical Course, including Greek, and the Philosophical Course in which German and other studies take the place of Greek. The one leads to the degree of B. A., the other to that of B. Ph. The Professors have had special advantages in post-graduate study in preparation for their work, and are ever willing, free of charge, to aid students in special studies in addition to those of regular courses. The Libraries of the College contain about 40,000 volumes of well selected books. The opportunities for laboratory work in Chemistry and Physics are good and will be improved as the means of the College increase. Students in Astronomy have access to a 6 1/4 inch telescope, equatorially mounted, and are required to make observations with a sextant, a transit, etc. The financial resources of the College will be very considerably enlarged in the near future. MARIETTA ACADEMY. THE PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT OF MARIETTA COLLEGE. Classes in Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Book-keeping, Physics, Grammar, Geography, History, Latin, Greek and German. Daily exercises in Composition or Declamation. Unfurnished rooms in the Dormitory at very low rates. Boarding in Clubs or in private families as cheap as can be found any-where. Good homes secured for very young students. A small fee secures access to a library of more than 30,000 volumes. No pains will be spared to assist those teachers who wish to continue their studies. Special attention will be given to History during the term beginning January 3. An increasing number of active, industrious young men are availing themselves of these rare advantages. The Principal is always ready to assist such students by correspondence, free of charge. Address, MARTIN R. ANDREWS, Principal. MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO. 41 solve them. The time was ripe for the advent of just such a man. Copernicus had presented his theory, in opposition to the Ptolemaic, and was quietly gathering a large following. Kepler was in readiness to combine the theory of Copernicus, and the discoveries of Galileo, and bring forth as a result his three great laws of planetary motion. A watchmaker had accidentally discovered the right combination of lenses for a telescope, and only the knowledge of Galileo was needed to make a practical application of the discovery. As a boy Galileo was eager to profit by such instruction as he could get. He learned both the theory and practice of music, and became a skilled performer. In the sister art of painting, he was equally skilful, so much so, that the best artists deferred to his criticism. The poverty of his father very much restricted him in the pursuit of his studies; but for several years he followed a course in medicine and philosophy. The teachers of that day accepted all long established theories and systems without question; hence when Galileo studied, understood, and contradicted the teachings of Aristotle, Plato, and other renowned philosophers, he gained an unfortunate reputation among them. As is very frequently the case with very small minds, they conceived toward them a chronic hostility which was ready to burst forth whenever adverse fortune met him. They could not comprehend such a superior mind, hence they hated it. What a touch of depraved human nature is here brought forth! He advanced however, in spite of the narrow ideas of his teachers, and his first well known discovery, that of the pendulum, was made while here. He soon after obtained with much difficulty a professorship at Pisa, and while in that position, made most of his discoveries and inventions, among them the thermometer. But it was not till 1609 that the great invention for which we owe so much to him was made. Then, when he began doing most for mankind, he began to be most persecuted. The bigots of the time would not have the fair face of the moon dug and furrowed. They would not allow any other planets to break the magic of the perfect number seven. The world got along very well with seven planets; there was no need for more; hence, of necessity there were no more. What logic! What a pinnacle of thought the men had reached who could bring forth such an argument as that! How easily they could silence such a philosophy! Copernicus and Galileo, in opposition to the most orthodox theory of the age, said the earth did move. Then came this overwhelming argument against them. "All animals that move have joints and limbs; the earth has neither joints nor limbs; ergo, it cannot move." We, in our day, can scarcely conceive the narrowness and bigotry of persons who would give such answers to questions which they dared not investigate for fear they might be convinced of error. But there had settled down over the country like a plague the incubus of the Roman Inquisition, which answered any argument by making its author retract under the pain of the torture; which counteracted the effect of what they called heretical works, by prohibiting their circulation. Such was the fate of Galileo's great work: the "Dialogue on the Ptolemaic and Copernican Systems," which was finished in 1630. It was the choicest thought of the greatest philosopher of the age, on the question which was agitating all ranks at that time. It presented the subject substantially as we have it now, and showed the keen, penetrating mind of the author, who could look so far beyond the narrow vision of his fellows, and grapple with one of the grandest of questions, the Plan of the Universe. Yet for this he was to suffer persecution. He was dragged to Rome when his tottering limbs would scarcely bear him, and only escaped imprisonment through the kind offices of friends, who could recognize the lasting benefit he had conferred on the race. A bigoted Pope under the thumb of the Jesuits would not even respect his age. He must abjure. On the 22nd of June, 1633, he was compelled to kneel in the presence of the magistracy of the Holy See, and there renounce the work of a life time; what had become to him as much a fact as his own existence. We are wont to condemn the weakness of Galileo in yielding to the Pope's tribunal. But there he was, a comparatively friendless, feeble old man. His weakness of body acted as a motive for desiring a pleasant close to life, instead of confinement and death in the cheerless cells of the Inquisition, which would inevitably have been his fate had he not yielded. His work however could not be as easily silenced as the man himself. It has been universally received and added to till we have our elaborate modern system of Astronomy. It is a curious coincidence that Galileo died in the same year in which was born that greatest of modern scientists and astronomers, Sir Isaac Newton. 42 MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO. Published every three weeks in the College year by the Alpha Kappa and Psi Gamma Literary Societies. J. S. Donaghho, '89 ..................Managing Editor. F. A. Moore, '90 ........................................Treasurer. EDITORS. Alpha Kappa. Arthur Warner ......'89 Earl Crawford ........'90 C. A. Ward ...............'90 Psi Gamma. F. C. Jordan ............'89 H. W. Dickinson ....'89 John Kaiser .............'90 Terms. -Per year, $1.50 in advance. Single copies 15 cents. Address all communications to the Managing Editor. All remittances to the Treasurer. EDITORIAL. The enthusiasm, or, rather, the officiousness of some of the Juniors during the good ball game, Sophomores vs. Freshmen, on the 14th inst. was decidedly out of place and has been the subject of remarks from many of the students. Those Juniors seemed to have the idea that the ball game was theirs and that they might do with it whatever they pleased; if they shouted, Foul! foul it was, the decision of the referee to the contrary, notwithstanding; if they desired that '92 should win, '92 must win, regardless of '91's opposition. Having permitted such ideas to enter their pates, they proceeded to act accordingly with all the power of their lungs and vocal chords, stooping even to personal remarks when other means failed. Such actions were very disagreeable to the other spectators as well as to the Sophomores, who were taking part in the game. When a skillful play is made it is very well to applaud and to give encouragement, but to dictate to the umpires and referee what decisions they shall render is transgressing, by far, the role of a spectator. It is quite a subject for speculation as to whether inter-class feeling alone could have induced those Juniors to applaud and back the Freshman in so boisterous a manner, or whether the motive was still deeper seated, affecting, perhaps, their pockets. Whatever the motive may have been it would doubtless have been better for those concerned had they been less officious and more quiet. It is to be hoped that they will be so hereafter. ----------------------------------------------- It is gratifying to notice the increased interest taken this year in the work of the Literary Societies. The exercises are no longer omitted, as they were almost every other Saturday last year; and in addition to this, the majority of those on duty usually make it a point to be present. Of course these are exceptions. Some of the students are so constitutionally lazy that they will shirk any duty whatever, it it involves a little extra work; then some are compelled at times to be absent; hence, there sometimes occurs a combination of the two classes of absences, which makes a break in the regular work. As a rule, however, the exercises are good, which seems to show a renewed desire to make beneficial this useful auxiliary to the regular course. ----------------------------------------- The campus has been very much improved in its appearance, lately, by the removal of a portion of the fence. Its appearance is quite novel, and instills one with a sense of liberty and unrestraint. The removal of all obstacles has made it very pleasant and convenient for the student in his perambulations, as well as for several ruminants which, in defiance of municipal law, still wander about the streets without a guardian. A further improvement, which we might suggest would be the removal of the remaining portion of the fence. It certainly affords no protection to the campus now that a part has been removed, while it does detract from its best appearance. There is, however, a tendency on the part of some of the boys, to take undue advantage of their liberties. Not one of them would think of riding horseback about the campus were they obliged to open a gate, but now it seems to be a great delight to them to make a tournament park of the campus, and to imitate ye knights of ye olden time. This may be very good exercise, but it is questionable whether the benefit derived by those participating will compensate for the injury which the campus sustains, especially during this wet weather. --------------------------------- The last Thursday in November is rapidly approaching. The college student has already begun to dream of home, with its familiar scenes and faces, of the Thanksgiving dinner with its well supplied board, of the savory turkey and of the pumpkin pie. "For this is Thanksgiving Day." Every student is probably ready and willing to give thanks for a day of rest from the cares and toils of student MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO. 43 life. Would that they were equally ready and willing to attend to their duties again when the day of feasting and thanksgiving is passed. It seems to take the average student full the remainder of the week to recover from the effects of this one day. It is a question in college policy whether it would not be just as well to release the student from college duties for the rest of the week for the sole purpose of recuperating. Many of the students go home and expect to visit there until the following week, while those who remain at college would think it quite contrary to an old and well established precedent to be well prepared for their recitations during the few remaining days of the week. ----------------------- A recent number of the Athens Current expresses fully the feeling which should exist between institutions of learning. It extends to us the right hand of fellowship, and expresses the interest taken by the students of the University in the affairs of this College. A few years ago there was a spirit of enmity between the two, which showed itself very obtrusively through slighting articles in the periodicals of the schools. One was always watching for something in the other which might be ridiculed; and if nothing could be found, something was invented. Hence there was continued squabbling. We are glad this old spirit has died out; that the new set of students considers a feud unworthy the attention of a progressive generation. Such petty quarrels belong rather to the dark ages, than to the enlightenment of the nineteenth century. They must give way to the brotherly feeling which should exist among all striving for knowledge. The OLIO welcomes this expression of goodwill as the beginning of a new era of friendship between the two institutions, and hopes there may be frequent expressions of interest on both sides. We join hands with you, and return your greeting. ----------------- The election is over and Mr. Harrison is elected. The accompanying excitement, which was very moderate among the students in comparison with that of the country in general, has almost wholly subsided. A few tardy returns are still to come in, and a few ridiculous wagers are still to be paid. Now the people can take a calm retrospect of the events of the last few months, and decide a question which could not be answered in the heat of the conflict: Whether the country has gained or lost by the campaign through which it has just passed. That the nation, as is declared by some political newspapers; has been saved from ruin, is a statement wholly unworthy the consideration of an intelligent mind. Hence it may be thrown aside as not affecting the question. There then comes up the fact of the education of the people. The campaign has undoubtedly been a great education. How many thousands are now well informed on the question of the tariff, who before knew nothing about it? How many have become familiar with the resources of our country, with the internal economy of our government, and with its relations to foreign nations? These persons have thus become better citizens, better business men, better legislators; and as the good of the people is the good of the nation, no one can deny that this has been a vast gain to the country. Besides, we have become more awakened to the condition of a portion of our population, which will probably secure the attempt at some remedy. But to offset these gains, the country has suffered a heavy loss. We hardly accept the statement that has been made, that business has been injured to the extend of half a billion dollars, but that the country has suffered a great money loss cannot be denied. Immense sums were wasted in campaign expenses, and business suffered a stagnation from which it will not immediately recover. Some would say that this expense is justified by the great interests at stake. In campaigns of late years, all of which have been almost as costly as the last, there have been no great issues before the country. In the present, protection and free-trade claimed the attention of the people; but even this issue was practically lost sight of in the bitter animosities of party strife. Does the result justify the great cost? We say most emphatically, no! Education can be obtained more cheaply than it is furnished under the costly tutorship of a national campaign. Besides what can offset the bad moral influence of an arousal of sectional feeling, and of the circulation of calumny and slander by those very organs which should aid in improving the nation's morals? Again, the country generally goes on quietly and prosperously through a four year's administration ; and experience has shows that there is no reason to believe that there will be any violent or radical change at the beginning of the next four. The great issues are therefore not so vital as they might 44 MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO. at first sight seem. In view of all, it would seem that there is a dead loss to the country in a political campaign. It is a very curious and, yet, an important fact that men, who, in intellectual abilities, occupy perhaps the same plan, should be able to entertain such varied and even contradictory opinions on subjects of great moment to the world at large. This fact has been brought prominently before the Senior class in the statements with regard to the opinions of various writers on Political Economy. Every author has his own peculiar theory which he upholds and reinforces with both argument and flowing rhetoric. A similar fact may be noticed in any department of knowledge. Each man has his "hobby", but all have not the same "hobby". What a ridiculous spectacle this world would afford, should every man agree with every other man! Intellectual advancement would become decidedly stagnant, if it did not cease altogether. The opposition of intellects of varied powers and acuteness is a necessary condition for the fullest development of any branch of knowledge. By the action and reaction of intellect upon another all impure and noxious elements are precipitated and truth along, in all its purity results. "Strife is the father of all things" as the ancient Philosopher has affirmed, comes not far astray. During these periods where the minds of men have been especially active and on the alert, ever ready and anxious to pick a flaw in the arguments upon which the dreamy theorist builds his air castles, then has the world taken its greatest strides toward truth. LOCAL. -Junior class critic. -Thanksgiving turkey. -"Did you notice it?" -Lecture next Wednesday. -Do, ra, me, fa, so, la, te, do! -Examinations are approaching. -'Rah for Harrison and Morton! -Preliminary Contest, Jan. 18th, 1889. Juniors vs. Freshmen next Wednesday. -We are having a good deal of weather now. -The winter vacation commences Dec. 18th. -Psi Gamma is yet discussing the prohibition question. -The Juniors are in a profound study over their orations. -Six boxes of "Golden Seal" on Harrison! Oh, ain't that nice! -The Seniors have commenced the study of chemistry under Prof. Biscoe. -Five Juniors voted for Harrison, three for Cleveland and one for Fiske. -The Sophs are making a study of Washington Irving under Prof. Hulbert. -The Junior class took observations of the moon last week, at the Observatory. -O. M. Elliott, '90, has taken a school in Stanleyville, where he will teach all winter. -Some of the students spend a great deal of time in the company of young ladies. Hy, men! -The Juniors are now having a recitation once a week in Whately's Rhetoric to Prof. Hulbert. -Cole, '90 and Dickinson, '89 acted as umpires for the foot ball game and Jordan, '89 was referee. -Armstrong, '89 went home to vote. He delivered a Republican speech the night before the election. -The Sophomores had their examination in Trigonometry last week, and have commenced Mechanics. -Shedd, '89 has been in Amesville, Athens Co., visiting his brother and Mac., and nursing a sprained ankle. -The second of the series of dances, given by the "Club," was held Friday, Nov. 16th, at Fireman's Hall." -During a hard rain, the path leading from the corner of Fourth and Putnam streets, looks more like a small creek than a path. -The lecture, Wednesday afternoon, Nov. 14th, was delivered by Prof. Chamberlin, his subject being "Shakespeare's Cleopatra." -"It is an ill wind that blows nobody good." Shedd, '89 is detained at home by a sprained ankle, but it gives "Tommy" company. -Alpha Kappa is going to have the new constitution printed as revised by Roemer and Shedd, '87, and B. W. Labaree, '88, two years ago. -One of the Sophomores is willing to bet fifty cents that he will get on prize declamation. Now is the chance for somebody to scoop him. -If a student calls on his girl seven nights in a week, and spends Sunday afternoons also with her, would it be fair to conclude that he is going to waist? -The Y. M. C. A. meetings held during the week of prayer were all well attended, and a great deal of interest in the work was manifested by the students at large. -Prof. Morrison, in the absence of Mr. Dickinson, conducted the services at the Congregational Church Sunday, Nov. 11th. In the evening he spoke on Marietta College. MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO. 45 -George Dana, formerly of '90, was in town last week. -The Literary Societies have been adding quite a number of new books to their libraries this term. Alpha Kappa now has over 6,000 volumes and Psi Gamma about 5,400. -Junior Recitation-Prof., "How is the position of Mars compared with the other planets, does it vary more or less?" Mr. B-., after deep meditation- "Well, yes, more or less." -The Juniors hold the college championship for the cane rush and tug of war, and are talking of making another trial for the foot ball championship. What's the matter with '90? -The Eighth Annual Farmers' Institute of Washington County will be held in Marietta, Jan. 3 and 4, 1889. President Eaton has been asked to deliver an address on Thursday evening. - At the Teachers' Institute, recently held in Newport, Prof. M. R. Andrews gave a lecture on "Pestalozzi as a Reformer." F. P. Ames of the class of '77, a lecture on Physiology, and Tutor KcKinney on Arithmetic. -"Alas how are the mighty fallen!" '91, after defeating the illustrious class of '90, went down before the youthful members of '92. It looks as if '91 would be compelled to go out of college without a single championship. -The Prohibition vote of Washington County, in spite of the gallant fight of "Judge" Frye and his associates was diminished. The vote standing 118 for this year against 280 in 1887, a loss of 62. Judge, we extend to you our heartfelt sympathy. -Why can't something be done about a "Preliminary Contest?" Three weeks more have gone by and still no decisive movement has been made. If Marietta is to send a representative to the State Contest, it is time something was being done about it. -To stop the dispute as to who was in reality the heroine of the cigarette joke (so called) in the last Olio, it has been decided to publish the fact that the young lady referred to was Miss -----. But, perhaps, after all it would not be well to mention any names. -Last week was the Week of Prayer, observed throughout the land by the Y. M. C. A. rooms. -There is some talk of the college taking a number of shares in the Gymnasium, which has been recently organized in the city, and allowing the men to use them who would pay the monthly dues. Practically this would be about as good a plan as to have a college gymnasium, and the scheme is one which should receive the support of all lovers of athletics among the college boys. -Prof. Hulbert preached at Constitution, Sunday, Nov. 18th. -The Adelphi girls of the High School are still "initiatin'." -A Pawnee Chief has recently entered the B class of the Academy. -Ask Bailey what is the difference betwee an essay and an oration. -The Freshmen would not kick last Wednesday on account of sickness. -The Freshman-Junior foot ball game has been postponed indefinitely. -The Harvard Quartette will probably be here some time this winter. -Schoolcraft, '91, was called home last week by the sudden death of his mother. -Monfort, '90, is back and will continue recitations with his class for the rest of the term. -The Republican jollification in Parkersburg, on Monday, the 12th, was largely attended by the college boys. Enough people to fill six coaches attended from this city. -Messrs. T. A. Church and C. C. Waddle conducted several very successful political meetings during the campaign in behalf of the Republican party. At Barnett's Ridge, in a terrible rain, they were greeted with a crowded house, and at Cutler the night before the election, they set forth the issues of the campaign in a clear, forcible way, and were received with great enthusiasm. -[Register. -The long delayed game of foot ball between the Freshmen and Sophomores has at last taken place and was won by the Freshmen. The first goal was won by the Freshies in fifteen minutes, the second by the Sophs in four minutes, and the last and deciding one by the Freshmen in thirty-eight minutes. It was a good game, well played and hotly contested, and fortunately was free from any accident, such as marked the last Freshman-Sophomore game. -The Oratorical Association had quite a heated meeting in Alpha Kappa Hall, last Saturday. There is a movement now under way to form and Oratorical Association independent of the Literary Societies, and that an initiation fee be demanded, and any person in college may become a member whether he belongs to the Literary Societies or not, provided he pay his initiation fee. A fee of ten cents will be charged for admission to the preliminary contest, which will be held the third Friday in January. -Loomis, '88. Loomis & Thompson, the artist photographers, have refitted and refurnished their elegant gallery. It is a fact that our readers many not know that they have the largest skylight and most complete gallery in the State. Both are artists of rare ability, and their work is distributed all over the country. -[Parkersburg State Journal. 46 MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO. -One more issue of the OLIO before vacation. -Prof. Biscoe gave the lecture, Wednesday, Nov. 21st. His subject was "Musical Scales." -Columbia College has decided to admit women. Marietta should next take this progressive step. -[Leader, -One week more and the Juniors will astonish the assembled multitude by the thunders of their eloquence. -Pretiss, '93, has been quite sick of diptheria for some time, but has recovered sufficiently to return to his classes. -The Senior class debates have decided for Prohibition and Protection, and the country is now believed to be safe. -The Juniors, during the absence of Prof. Chamberlin, are taking two recitations a day, and numerous trips to the observatory. -Prof. M. R. Andrews will lecture at Macksburg, on Friday evening, December 24th, and there will be an institute there on the 15th of December. -The young ladies of the Congregational Church gave an antiquated supper, in the lecture room, last Friday night. It was a decided success. -The young men of the town now have their gymnasium in full blast, and it has not proved a failure as many said it would, but rather the contrary. -Prof. Chamberlin left Monday for Wisconsin, to attend the funeral of Captain Reddington, the father of Mrs. Chamberlin, who was prevented by sickness from going. -The Seniors and Sophomores challenged the other two classes for a game of foot ball, which was promptly accepted. It probably will not take place for a while yet, on account of the other games. -"Bud" is immense as Mr. Hyde, but unfortunately the combination has been lost to the chemical which can change him to Dr. Jekyll. Better try a shave and a clean collar. It will be a new remedy at least. -Since the college fence has been removed, a young lady of the town was heard to remark sadly, that many times had she run along the top of the said fence, but now that pleasure had flown. Sad, isn't it? -Verdant Freshman to sober Senior (between acts) "Let's go out and get something." S. S.-"Thanks, but I got shaved just before I came in." Funeral services at half-past three. Friends of the (Freshman's) family are invited. -Some of the Juniors have become fine "stargazers." One of them recently, while the telescope was pointed at Mars, declared he had seen Jupiter and all four of his moons. Jupiter was some degrees below the horizon, and Harmar Hill isn't transparent either, but still he is a bright boy and will have his re(Ward.) --All of the orations of the juniors, handed in so far, have been well read once at least. --There is a movement under way to dissolve the connection between the Literary Societies and the Oratorical Association, and it seems to be a good plan. If the students as a body do not take sufficient interest in the Association to maintain it as a separate organization the sooner Marietta College leaves the State Association the better for all concerned. --If you are approached by a certain resident alumnus, clad in a stove pipe hat, a light overcoat and a seductive smile (he sometimes wears other things, but these are the details of his make up) don't be afraid that he wants to borrow any money. He only desires to write you a policy in "The New York Life." His initials are Rufus, but we wouldn't tell what his name is or give him away for any thing. --The exodus of Marietta's fair daughters still continues, and only one of the beauties of the days of yore is lift. (Will that one please stand up.) Something must be done, or soon the reputation of our town for handsome girls will be a part of the glorious and happy past. But the woods are still full of them in Parkersburg. What did you say Puller? --The A.L.S. undertook quite an enjoyable variation from the regular program of literary exercises last Saturday. The Society resolved itself into a court, and undertook the trial of a young gentleman for breach of promise. The jury returned a verdict of "guilty," and the staid and solemn judge ordered the prisoner to pay the sum of three hundred dollars for trifling with the affections of the plaintiff. The boys enjoyed it so much they say they intend to try "courting" again. MEETING OF THE TRUSTEES The recent meeting of the Board of Trustees, of Marietta College, at Columbus, was a significant one. There were present Gen. Goshorn and Messrs. Blymyer and Breed, of Cincinnati; Rev. Dr. Sturtevant, of Cleveland;Hon. C. W. Potwin, of Zanesville; Hon. F.C. Sessions and Rev. Drs. Moore and Gladden, of Columbus and Pres. Eaton and Messrs. putnam, Follett, Addy, Dickinson, and Mills, of Marietta. that business men in our chief cities will thus leave important business engagements and give two full days to the service of the college argues well for their devotion to its interests, and is a bright augury for its future prosperity. The prime object of the meeting was to further the effort now making to provide for the College an adequate endowment. The College Treasurer presented a very full statement of the financial history and present financial condition of the College. President Eaton reported that the general administration of the College was excellent, MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO 47 an increased and growing attendance of students, (the largest in the history of the College, except one or two years,) general good order, the traditional high standard of training and scholarship fully maintained, an efficient and harmonious Faculty. Prof. Morrison reported the favor with which the canvass for the college is secured. The Board voted to push the canvass for the two hundred thousand dollars additional endowment with all possible energy to completion, asking each of the fifty-one classes of the alumni to give one thousand dollars and urging the friends of the late Presidents Andrews to complete the "Andrews Memorial Professorship Fund," as parts of the sum. During the meeting important and highly encouraging additions were made to the subscription list. The plans and efforts of President Eaton and Professor Morrison for raising the remainder of the endowment were approved. The deliberations of the Board were harmonious, all looking to the improvement and enlargement of the College. The feeling was very earnest that the Academy should be provided with a new building and improved facilities. On the whole the spirit and results of the meeting were excellent, all looking to a general advance all along the whole line of the interests of Marietta College. The churches generally, all the friends of the College, all the people of Marietta, are likely soon to be called upon to help make the old College all that its honorable history and all that its important position and environment clearly demand.---[Register. SCIENCE COLUMN The Theory of the Origin of Species by Natural Selection,--A remarkably clear conception of the elements of the theory for which Charles Darwin has become famous was published almost thirty years prior to the appearance of "The origin of Species." I have just brought home with me from London a number of geological works published in the early part of this century, among them a copy of Robert Bakewell's "Introduction to Geology." The passage I am about to quote from it appeared first in the fourth edition, which was published in 1833; and it is repeated in the fifth edition, published in 1838, with an interesting footnote (see pp. 403, 404.) The author is discussing Deshayes's classification of the various tertiary formations by means of comparison of the faunas with the living species. In the course of the discussion, he refers to the experiments of of Robert Bakewell of Dishley, in Leicestershire, in producing choice breeds of sheep by artificial selection. He describes Mr. Bakewell's method as follows: "He first traveled over England, and part of the continent, to discover and select animals of the same species, possessing certain peculiarities of form, and other qualities which he was desirous to render permanent. By selecting two animals to breed from, which possessed the desired qualities in an eminent degree, and afterwards selecting from their offspring those in which these qualities were most conspicuous and breeding again from them, the peculiarities were further increased. By continuing the same selection through four or five generations, he obtained races that would transmit the same qualities permanently to succeeding generations." Then the author applies this principal to explain the appearance of new forms of Mollusca in the tertiary beds, as follows: "Let us, however, imagine, what is very possible, that a number of individuals of one species of bivalve or univalve shell were driven, during a violent storm, into a distant part of the ocean, where the animals could no longer obtain their accustomed food, but were still able to support life by ailment of a somewhat different kind. Let us suppose that the annoyances to which they had before been subject, from natural enemies or other causes, were changed for annoyances of another kind. Under these different circumstances, is it probable that the animals themselves would undergo some change, and modify the construction of their shells in some degree, to render them better suited to the new conditions in which they were placed? Thus, in the course of a few generations, we should have a race which conchologists would call a distinct species." To this the author adds this footnote in the fifth edition (1838): "What was above stated hypothetically in the fourth edition of this work may now be asserted as ascertained facts. Dr. Harlan, a distinguished American naturalist, informed the author that testaccous Mollusca removed from one river to another in America were observed in time to change the form of their shells. Mr. Gray, in the Philadelphia Transactions, 1833, states that great varieties of form are produced in shells of the same species, by a removal from calm to agitated water." Here the chief points of Darwin's theory of the origin of species are expressed. They are founded, also, upon observed facts. The results produced by artificial selection are taken as examples of what would take place in nature under the assumed circumstances; and this "natural selection" is proposed as a sufficient explanation of the appearance of " a race which conchologists would call a distinct species." The author states also, referring to Mr. Bakewell, "I have heard him say, that he scarcely knew any assignable limits beyond which these changes, both 48 MARIETTA COLLEGE OLIO. external and internal, might not be carried" (402). Another statement is interesting as showing that Charles Darwin doubtless knew of this Mr. Bakewell. and may have heard him discuss these matters in his boyhood. In a footnote (p.403) we read, "Mr. Bakewell of Dishley was in a considerable degree self-educated; but he possessed a strong original mind, which was enlightened by study and meditation. He was also a man of great moral worth, and was intimately acquainted with Dr. Priestly, Dr. Darwin, and other eminent philosophers who inhabited the central part of England, towards the close of the last century.- H.S. Williams in Science of November 26th. ALUMNI COLUMN. '53 Chas. B. Collier is taking a conspicuous part as one of the counsel in the famous Keeley Motor case now in Philadelphia courts. '56 The house of bishops of the Episcopal church, in session in this city, yesterday elected Rev. J. Mills Kendricks, D.D. of Columbus, Ohio, missionary bishop over the jurisdiction of New Mexico and Arizona. The new missionary bishop was born in Ohio, and is about fifty0five years old. His father was a professor of Greek at Marietta college, and the son is a graduate of the same institution. He passed successfully through the theological seminary at Gambier, Ohio, and entered the ministry. For several years he was rector of the Good Shepherd parish at Columbus, Ohio. He has been engaged in general mission work in southern Ohio, and since the illness of Bishop Jaeger he has conducted all of the missionary operations in the jurisdiction. He is a man of strong physique, good voice, pleasing manners and full of vigor and earnest for missionary work. he is widely known, and his experience made him the choice of the members present. The salary is $3,000 a year.- [Washington Star, Nov. 16 '72. Dr. Leonard Waldo is Manager of the Cowles Electric Smelting and Aluminum Company, of Lockport, N.Y. he is also Electrical Engineer to the Aluminum Brass and Bronze Co., Bridgeport, Conn. '75. John McCormick has been re-elected to the office of Prosecuting Attorney of Washington County, Ohio. '81. C.G. Slack, after having taken quite an extended trip through California and other western states, has returned to spend the winter at Marietta. '81. Dr. Stacy, of Coshocton, O., is visiting in Marietta and rainbow. While driving through Zanesville his horse, which was quite a valuable one, took suddenly sick and died. '83. Chas. Rhodes, designer for the Robert Mitchell Furniture Co., Cincinnati, O., is visiting Marietta. he expects to leave for Europe and after traveling some, to study art at Munich. '84. D. C. Brown is at present connected with the Mexican Ore Co. and is located Cedral Mexico. '87. C.P. Shaw holds a lucrative position at the Ohio Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Columbus. '86. J.S. Brazieer is teaching school. '88. H.M. Dyar is now farming at Rainbow but expects soon to leave for the far West. COLLEGE NEWS At the University of Wisconsin the students are required to obtain, if possible, an excuse before an absence. The number in the Freshman class at some of the leading Universities and colleges is as follows: Cornell, 400; Yale, 337; Harvard, 309; Boston Tech., 253; Princeton, 179; Lehigh, 114; Amherst, 96; Lafayette, 89; Rutgers, 80; Williams, 80; Wesleyan, 75; Brown, 70; Bowdoin, 60; Dartmouth, 60; Rochester, 48; Union, 40; Hamilton 35; Wellesley, 195; Smith, 156; Holyoke, 100; Syracuse, 200.-[Transcript. RUDOLPH ALLREITS UNIVERSITY, which enrolls 5222 students and 285 professors, is the largest in the world. COLUMBIA COLLEGE offers instruction in Sanscrit, Zend, Pehlevi Hebrew, Armaic, Syriac, Assyrian and other uncommon languages. A COURSE in the art of writing plays has been established in Michigan University.-[Aegis. AT Trinity college, under the marking system, all students attaining an average of eighty-five are excused from examinations in that study.-[Aegis. CORNELL has a course in journalism. THE inventor Volapuk is dead. THE arrest of a student and instructor of Illinois College, on election day, for casting and assisting to cast an illegal vote, caused quite a stir among the students, who denounce it as an attempt at bulldozing. OUT of 380 universities and colleges in the United States, only 175 publish papers.-[Ex. SIXTEEN prominent colleges in this country are seeking suitable presidents. PRINCETON'S new President is a British subject and has never sought naturalization.-[Ex. 45 per cent of the parents of the students attending the Michigan State University obtain their livelihood by manual labor. THAT temperance is gaining ground is evident from the following action of two of America's greatest Universities: Legislature to prohibit the sale of intoxicants within five miles of the University. Yale's Faculty has passed a law forbidding the societies of the college from indulging in intoxicating drinks.-[Ex. RINGWOOD'S AFRO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FASHION. Copyrighted by Julia Ringwood Coston, November 1891 VOL. II.--No. 6. CLEVELAND, OHIO, APRIL, 1893. $1.25 Per Year 62 RINGWOOD'S AFRO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FASHION. [ April, cated to the Master's service. The Rev. Wesley Morris, who for some time back has only assisted in the meetings, was to begin his duties as "permanent," to-day. Tall and robust with a noble head proudly poised upon his sturdy shoulders, deep-set, slumberous eyes, that often-times veiled a thousand irresistible expressions, a slightly curled mustache nestled around his proud, resolute mouth, while occasionally a fleeting, dimpled smile would play around his rather square, brown chin vanquishing for the time a certain serious air that usually led strangers in the belief that he was exceedingly stern and pre-occupied. To-day, as he stood by the alter, he felt so helpless, understood in full his position among the people; never before had he realized so overwhelmingly how little he could do of himself; still his heart was stout, and he accepted his work with an outward courage creditable to a veteran. "Except God build the house they labor in vain that build it." Strong and distinct his text fell; fearlessly he spake--pleading, exhorting, threatening--his very soul like molten fire seemed to melt into words that fell from his mouth; in manly terms, dignified by love for God, he addressed the old and service-worn; with marked earnestness he entreated the interest of the youthful. How tenderly he invited their confidences, how gently he urged upon them their duty; his eyes ever anon seemed to rest on a girlish face near the door way. Somehow, her face seemed to be on a direct line with his, but not once did the sloe-like eyes turn towards his in genuine interest; for a time he could not believe that he saw aright. Usually these eyes beamed on him such trustful sympathy, such kindly interest; she knew her heart was not in the service as it should have been. "I suppose I'm to be reproved for not singing or something, but I wonder why he looks so hurt," she mused and thoughtlessly quitted the church without going near the altar for the usual friendly "how'd'y." Somehow, she could not banish the strange expression of the minister's eyes. A Vague unrest imbedded itself in her heart as she slowly passed down the road homeward. The starry jessamine, that her mother loved so dearly, nodded in its delicate fragrance unnoticed; the pomegranate in red golden ripeness nestled in its dark green foliage unseen; the muscadine hung temptingly low, but was left untasted as she walked through the wood, alone and thoughtful. When Rev. Morris quitted the church it was though a cloud had darkened his otherwise brilliant day. His fine, thoughtful features wore a look of deep perplexity, not unmixed with anxiety; but as he thought of her, petite and graceful, with beautiful black eyes, partly veiled by long curling lashes, her low brown crowned by a magnificent coil of raven hair, which enhanced wondrously the delicate fruit tint of her complexion, so fond were his thoughts that everything bright and pretty seemed akin to her; the birds, the flowers, even the babbling brook in its ever varying usefulness reminded him of her resourceful self. Only child of a pious widow who lived in a little vine covered house on the edge of the woods, not far from the church. Patsey's own hands had trained the deliciously fragrant honey-suckle around the windows and over the door-way. Just beyond was a small garden bordered by sweet be glad of a seat in his wagon for camp meeting, it would be to find a bevy of girls with roguish eyes waiting, too. She could always tell when he was coming, without so much as a word from him. Such the fate of all young beaux, who fared even worse in their efforts to win her courted society. Her fun-loving brain was always devising the most exasperating pranks to repulse them. This care-free and jolly way of living, I fear had encouraged Patsey in being thoughtless, and for the time incapable of realizing that life is not all foam. She had not awakened to the knowledge that it is ever sweet and womanly to be watchful lest she trifles with true feeling, and so wound a well meaning heart. The week following the dedication occurred Patsey's birthday, upon which all the folks for miles around had prepared a grand surprise-- a real country party, which means lots more fun than city people ever dream of, much less enjoy. When the eventful night came Patsey's mother carelessly remarked that she had asked "Neighbor Grey and one or two others to come to night and help finish quilting a log-cabin, as she had promised to loan the frame to another neighbor. Patsey thought nothing of it. They always swung the quilting frame in a big roomy barn, just a little way from the house. Even while the widow was speaking, the folks were gathering from all directions, and swift hands were "fixing things." The dainty edibles and simple gifts were not all that graced the occasion, for behind the table in heroic solitude, rested "Joe Guy's fiddle." Of course it was hoped that the worthy church folks would enjoy the surprises, the supper, etc., and like dear saints, retire early. Everything went off splendidly. 1893. Ringwood's Afro-American Journal of Fashion We will be glad to answer any questions we can, asked by or with reference to "Our Girls." Please address all inquiries or other communications to (Mrs.) Susie I. Shorter, Wilberforce, Greene, Co., O. Plain Talks to Our Girls. Misunderstood. (Written especially for Ringwood's Journal.) Her father was to go with her, so cane in had, he followed her footsteps on the broad walk which [le?] around the house to the front gate. The [day ?as] pleasant; soft winds sighed through the br[an]ches, little birds gaily jumped about it." Come in the house, my child," said her father, and she obeyed. In her child-like simplicity she told th[?] [?]hole story. The silence which followed [?] awful, overwhelming. Lou's mother, in [?]ars sought forgiveness, and afterwards explained all to the satisfaction of the shopkeeper. All resolved to be more careful in the future and keep the Golden rule. Birdie forgave but smiled faintly as she said she should never forget her "rice trial." You, my dear girl, like Birdie, have been misunderstood. Perhaps grave trial was the result of a kind act, a word or good will and advice to one whom the world had forsaken; perhaps in the attempt to assist a wayward brother, or relieve some sick or distressed neighbor. You remember the unkind look, the ungenerous remark, the taunting jeer, and for a moment you felt half sorry you had tried to do any one a kindness. Yes, you were misunderstood, and you ask what you shall do? A good bishop, who is laid to rest, had for his motto: "First know you are right, then go ahead." Do you, my dear girl, know you are right, that your motives are pure and good; are you willing to be sacrificed for the good of others? then go ahead. The winds of persecution will be you Eolian harp; dark clouds of enmity will darken your pathway, floods of sorrow will sweep o'er you, yet, if you are right you shall not be destroyed. What shall you do? Mind your own business; dress according to your means. Select your own associates. Give as God has prospered you. Turn a deaf ear to slanderous tongues. Treat every other mother's child as you would wish your mother's treated. Love God supremely above all things else, and he shall direct they paths. Misunderstood! Misunderstood! O, that the world of mankind could Eschew the evil, seek the good, [Concede a common brotherhood,] monstrate; hence this sketch will hardly be accounted lacking if a description of them is omitted. It is generally understood that those earnest women organized the permanent body known as the Woman's Loyal Union, with "Vigilant, Patriotic, Steadfast," - as their motto, with the following, clipped from their constitution: - "We, the undersigned, desirous of doing our duty in our day and generation, and believing that if one life shines, the next one to it will catch the light, do hereby agree to the following constitution. Article 1. - The object of this association shall be the diffusion of accurate and extensive information relative to the civil and social status of the Afro-American, i.e., that they may be led to an intelligent assertion of their rights; and to a determination to unite in the employment of every lawful and judicious means to secure, and to retain the unmolested exercise of the same. Article 2. - That the attention of conscientious, conservative, thinking people at large, may be directed to the injustice of a practical denial to any class of citizens of that personal liberty, security, and opportunity for personal happiness, which is the inalienable prerogative of every human being. Article 3. - The methods to be employed in the realization of the purpose in view are (1) the full and free discussions on topics of race interest before Afro American audiences; (2) calm, dispassionate statements of existing evils before the general public, to attract attention to the same, that their amendment or suppression may be accomplished; (3) the circulation of printed matter relating to Afro-Americans, whether written by them or about them; for the instruction of the community at large, [?] to their condition, difficulties, clai[?]s and aspirations. AFRO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FASHION [April, EDITOR'S CORNER. RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25 SIX MONTHS, .75 THREE MONTHS, .50 In Clubs of Ten (one year.) .90 In Clubs of Ten (six months,) .80 In Clubs of Five (six months,) .70 In advance to any part of the United States and Canada, and to all Foreign Countries. Address all communications to RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL Office of Publication, 86 Harmon Street, Cleveland, O. INSTRUCTIONS TO SUBSCRIBERS. The Names of all Subscribers are registered as soon as received, and papers and premiums promptly forwarded. Postage.--The postage to all parts of the United States and Canada is prepaid by the publishers except in the city of Cleveland. City subscribers are required to add 12 cents to the subscription price to cover delivery charges. Subscribers n Foreign countries must add 2 cents for each paper, or 24 cents for the year, to the subscription price, for postage. Remittances should be made by Express, Money Order, Post Office Money Order or Draft payable to J. R. Coston, 86 Harmon St., or by Registered Letter. Either of the above forms insures absolute safety from losses by mail. Missing Numbers.--It occasionally happens that numbers of our papers sent to subscribers are lost in the mails. In case you do not receive any number when due, inform us by postal card at all the expiration of ten days from that date, and we will cheerfully forward a duplicate of the missing number. Please be Particular when sending your subscription, to state with what issue you wish to commence. Most Important of all.--In every letter that you write us, never fail to give your full address, plainly written (in ink,) name post office, county and State. AFRO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FASHION. beautiful, Sea, earth and sky sing hymns of praise to God. But if Christ had not burst the bands of death and come forth as v[ic]torious Savior, or if we did not know of this, Easter would be no more to us than it is to the millions who have never known Him. Let the love of this gracious season flow through us; let is shine in our lives, speak in our words and actions, so that all whom we meet may see that Easter means to us a new life of love and goodness. _____ In the March number of RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D. C., has a carefully prepared article on "A Revolution in the Kitchen." Kansas Future State. _____ RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL OF FASHION, is drawing to itself some of the best brains of the womanhood of the race. It is really a creditable publication and our women ought to give to it unstinted support. Mrs. Mary C. Terrell contributes an article to the February number on "The Mission of Failure" which fairly bristles with philosophical thought. In closing her article, Mrs. Terrell says: "Failure has a mission both beneficial and beneficent. As adviser, teacher, peacemaker and exhorter it possesses a utility which forbids that it should be catalogued as an inevitable bane when it has proved itself so frequently a blessing." Truth to say, the women of the race are demonstrating that they possess splendid literary capacity.--New York Age. _____ AN order for any dress pattern selected and RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL for $1.25. [April, The JOURNAL for one year and one pair of Corsets for $1.46. The Journal will be sent for one year to any address with a copy of any book in the following list for $1.25. GRAY'S ELEGY. Gray's Elegy. Seven Ages of Man. Read's Drifting. Read's Brushwood. Read's Christine. The Wagoner, etc. Read's Closing Scene. The Hermit. Shakespeare's Songs. L'Allegro. The May Queen. We are Seven. Lucy Gray. English sketches. Pride of Village. Sleepy Hollow. Christmas Stories. Rip Van Winkle. Low Back Car. Rab and His Friends. Hermann & Dorothea Faust. Deserted Village. The Travellers. Sheridan's Ride. AEsop's Fables. Knickerbocker Sketch. A Freeman Yet a Slave. 1893.] RINGWOOD'S AFRO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FASHION. 63 "I shall be happy to"- "How good of you. Come on Joe, with the fiddle," she cried gaily, interrupting him. Joe expected these words only after the minister had departed. Glancing at his face, the happy smile curved about her wilful mouth faded at the change she saw there. He understood her now. Like a flash it occurred to him . what she meant. All joy vanished from his heart. She was trifling with him! But no! Noting the sudden blanching of her smiling face, she, whom he madly loved, could not- would not- so insult, so abase his calling. Yet even now the weirdly sounding instrument began vibrating. A bright fire leaped into his deep-set eyes, and in a voice trembling with passion and honest indignation, he said, so that she alone might hear, "Miss Patsey, I have been a fool- I have loved you. I fancied that I saw in you all that is noble and good. I find you utterly vain and heartless. Forgive the annoyance my attentions may have caused you, for, now that I am awakened, you shall be annoyed no longer." Almost before she could realize it, her turned and left her. To the majority present it was simply a joke. Of course Patsey would be reproved for her "unseemly levity," or perhaps they all would be compelled to listen to a scorching sermon concerning it. However, as dances are infrequent in Grizzleville, they were soon absorbed in the full enjoyment of this one. Like magic, the sounds of merriment suddenly seemed the most distracting sounds to poor Patesy. Verily, the "Prince has kissed the sleeping beauty," and awakened her from a seeming dream of happiness to headache and woe. So awful was the change in those brief moments that she felt dazed, bewildered, [???????] In the glory of reddening berry and ripening chinkapin, walnut and hickory, autumn merged into advent, and the gentle Christmas tide "came on apace." White frost like a lustrous robe lay over the valley; great coral- like clusters of bitter-sweets vied with the rosy halls; southern holly in brilliant coloring, the aroma of sassafras, sweet fir and pine, like the scenting of the Magi from afar, attuned nature in harmony with the joyful preparations in progress for the celebration of the "Natal day- Of Him who once in a manger lay." "How beautiful is all is," murmured Patesy, as she lingered in the little green dressed church after everybody else had departed. They had met for a final practice of the Christmas carols. She had been very busy of late. Christmas in this gay southland is a season of general rejoicing, and the night before is the merriest, maddest time. While everyone else was absorbed in the pleasures of the time, she lingered in the shaddowy church with its glossy greens and scarlet berries. Time had softened the pain at the heart and left her subdued and tender. It is one of life's strangest mysteries that our most shallow faults require the bitterest of potions for ridding the heart and mind of their subtle effects. Not once had the offended minister referred by word or look to that evening that seemed ages ago to Patesy. She thought of this tonight, and her eyes suffused with tears as she recalled the incident. Oh, how she wished there was some way of apologizing for the foolish words, but since he had spoken of love, such was out of the question. "Ah, well! some day he may find I'm not so vain and heartless after all." Brushing the tears away she turned to go, when a sudden throbbed wildly as she essayed to speak. "It was despicable in me; I-" "Patesy, I love you- Sweet Shrub!" There was no mistaking the pleading of those eyes. Like a startled bird she wavered, then nestled in his outstretched arms, her face coming in contact with the sweet shrubs on his breast. "Oh, what must you think of me," looking wildly at the little buds. "I think you the sweetest Sweet Shrub of them all," he answered fondly. "'Twas as though an angel had 'rolled the stone' away from my heart away." The deep voice of the church bell rang out in the quiet air, followed by glad noises of every kind, as is the custom there as the midnight hour announces- "Christ is born, the Great Anointed, Heaven and earth his praises sing." "Happy Christmas, Sweet Shrub!" implanting a warm kiss on the sweet. tremulous mouth, as in an ecstacy of joy she listened to his thrilling tones as his words melted on the softly sighing night wind: "Shepherds, hail the Wondrous Stranger; Now to Bethlehem speed your way; Lo! in yonder humble manger, Christ the Lord is born to-day." "HE IS RISEN." (Written especially for RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL.) "Lift your glad voices in triumph on high, For Jesus hath risen and man shall not die." Yes, He is risen! promulgate the story, How the sad women, approaching the tomb, Found their dear Savior had risen in glory, Spoiling the grave of its victory and gloom. Come and bring offerings, O all ye nations, From all the earth and the isles of the sea. Bring Him your full, perfect gifts and oblations, 1893.] RINGWOODS' AFRO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FASHION. 67 OUR HOME DEPARTMENT. Edited by MISS S. MITCHELL. Miss Mitchell will be pleased to receive in this Department all letters sent by her readers. Address all letters to MISS S. MITCHELL 200 Oregon Street, Cleveland, O. "IF I COULD SEE HIM AGAIN." If I could see him again, If I could hear him say, Merry and kind as he used to do. "Well, little wife, what has come to you All through the busy day, While I have been away?" Often when I was cross; Often I used to reply, "What comes to a woman everywhere? Washing and baking and household care: Juice is as simple and probably as satisfactory as any. It is said that a small bag of sulphur kept in a drawer or closet that is infested with red ants will quickly disperse them. This is easily tested. The most wholesome way to drink milk is to sip it by mouthfuls at short intervals. It is necessary for easy digestion to present it slowly to the gastric mucous surface. If before grinding the morning's coffee the berries are heated for four or five minutes, or until they take on a darker shade of brown, the flavor of the coffee will be much improved. A writer in Table Talk urges the dyspeptic to learn to eat olives as a mens of repairing and lubricating the weak stomach, a means which he declares to be more efficient than all the pills and medicinal draughts ever concocted. Furniture that mars the wall can be provided, at small expense, with rubber knobs at the back. Rubber tips drawn over hooks on which towels and other articles are hung save a great deal of wear to the articles hung on them. Chairs that scratch the floor and make a noise can be booted with rubber. Very many attacks of sick head-ache can be prevented if those who are subject to them are careful about their diet and largely direct the same to vegetables and fruits easy of digestion. they must forego meat, cheese, pastry, beer, wine, etc.: in fact neither eat or drink anything which is stimulating in character and at all likely to tax the digestive organs. Selected. ONWARD. (Written especially for RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL.) Much has been said and written about the progress of the Negro race in America since men and women; not lawyers and doctors only, but educated mechanics.Train the hand as well as the mind, so that we shall have among us full grown men, not your daintily scented, kid gloved, shallow brained young man, but men able to cope with great questions; men not afraid of hard hands; above all, do we need men who are not afraid to say, "I am Negro and am proud of it." When this race shall have become united, self-reliant and persevering, then shall it be ready to occupy the high place which I feel God has for it. HARRIET KILSON GREENE Cleveland, O. THE NOSE (Written especially for RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL) After the eyes it is the nose which attracts attention. If it were not for the nose, and if the line which joins the forehead to the chin were not interrupted by the nostrils, the face of a man would be as ugly as that of a gorilla. But, the nose is not only an ornament; it is also useful, especially for breathing. Its use is to warm the air before it reaches the lungs, and if people would keep their mouth more shut and breathe more through their nose, there would be fewer sore throats, bronchitis and lung diseases in general. Thus nature, ever true to its immortal principles of economy, here also has made one of the chief features both useful and beautiful at the same time. Whether large or small, long or snub, the nose always retains its geometrical form of a triangular pyramid. Its root, placed between the eyes, represents the top of the pyramid, its nostrils its base. The root is formed by two little bones joined together. The root is all of supple gristle. Hence its nobility and variety. In many families the nose retains the same shape from generation to generation, and whole races of mankind are distinguished by their 64 RINGWOOD'S AFRO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FASHION. {APRIL, TALK ABOUT BOOKS Our Literary Department. EDITED BY MRS. J.S. YATES THE PROCESSION OF LITERARY LIGHTS. (Written especially for RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL..) "Th' eternal step of Progress beats To that great anthem calm and slow Which God repeats." It is curious to watch, in this day of fads and forms, the meteor-like procession of authors and their works. within the last decade scarcely a month has passed that the name of some writer new to fame has not been caught up and heralded far and wide as belonging to one who has an entirely nw theory of society and its reforms, of life and its mission. The people madly rush after the new apostle, and around him spring up a number of lesser lights, weak and servile imitations of the so-called "apostle." In this manner a few years ago, Count L. N. Tolstoi flashed upon our vision in the lit- thoughts that seemed aflame in the their day are either totally swept away by the current, or, receiving a chance rescue, are simply saved as literary curiosities. HABITS OF OBSERVATION. There is nothing in the education of a child which brings better interest for the rime expended that the training of the powers of observation. The leading educators of the day claim that the cultivation of this faculty is the philosophic method of education, especially in primary schools. In all ages those who have stood in the front ranks, those who have done most to promote civilization, have been invariably the men and women who have learned most accurately to observe people and things, nature and natural law. They are the stuff out of which are made our Newtons, Edisons, Grants, Douglases, and Howards. One man learns to observe the signs of the times and makes a successful business venture, buying heavily in stock projected to float some new invention. Another man who has not learned to observe thus closely passes stance, the natural sciences, which easily stand at the head of such a list of studies. Observation lessons on minerals, plants and animals are exceedingly well adapted to the growing intelligence of little ones, and id they are given such objects as these for playthings they will discover many important facts of their own accord, while a few simple questions on the part of an older person will materially help to bring out other ideas more obscure. Thus will the child's natural curiosity gradually develop into an intelligent observation which will throughout life help him to attain "The heights by great men reached and kept;" to "Read what is still unread In the manuscript of God." APPRENTICE SCHOOLS. In many of our cities there is a pressing need of apprentice schools for the benefit of our boys and girls. The aim in such a school is to teach some of the various industries so fully that the apprentice may go forth a skilled workman. Accordingly, the hours, the discipline, the hardening to work that is found in actual practice should form an important feature of the training. All branches of human industry should from time to time bee included, but special stress, in the girls' department, should be placed upon cooking, laundry work and sewing in all its branches. Consider for a moment the improvement in health and household economy if cooking and model housekeeping were taught our young girls in a well ordered apprentice school. Philadelphia Press:- Three are schools, public and private, in the South, and since the black man was emancipated it is estimated that $37,000,000 have been spent in giving 68 RINGWOOD'S AFRO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FASHION [April, MOTHERS CORNER. We invite the attention of all mothers to this department of our journal, and hope we may sometimes hear from you on the most important subject of rearing and caring for children. We shall expect letters from many on such topics. Address all communications to MRS. E.C. NESBIT, 287 Poplar Street, CINCINNATI, O. MOTHER. (Written especially for RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL.) As the warm weather approaches one becomes more and more interested in the welfare of baby. How fortunate those babies are who are fed with the breast milk alone. As soon as little. Then do not make a mistake and blight the life of your son by implanting in his breast an over reaching ambition which will never reach its aim, or a false pride which disdains humbler work. In these days when labor outbreaks occur all the world over, when all the avenues of employment, even to the field of literary are are crowded, there is no honest labor which is beneath the dignity of true manhood. If our young men are driven to railroad life, life in hotels, or even to the whitewash brush, leet them dignify their calling, and remember that it is the man himself who can win respect, not his calling, and if he is a true man, he elevates his profession or trade. Again, let not the physician or lawyer disdain to clasp hands with the janitor. We are all suffering Afro-Americans, and we should take each other by the hand and stand together. White men do anything from laundry work up to the occupation of the White House, and no matter what they do they hold their heads high and seek to dignify their calling. Barbering, catering, whitewashing used to be specialties of the colored race. Now our German and English friends are taking up the work, and taking pride in it. E.C. NESBIT THE NATURAL BRIDGE OF VIRGINIA (Written especially for RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL..) To one who is a lover of nature, who delights to sit or roam among her structures and muse upon the beautiful handiwork of the Creator, I know of no prettier picture to present you than that of the natural bridge of Virginia. The natural bridge is the most prominent feature of a small village which takes its you see the eagle apparently about to alight upon the crouching lion beneath her. On the walls you will read the names of many visitors; among them is that of the honored president, George Washington, written with his own hand when he was young and brave. Passing from the hush of thee awful twilight of the bridge, perambulating the path beside the creek which finds its way amidst the arborvitae and pines to its passage beneath the bridge, you come yo Saltpetre Cave, where it is said the Confederates made nitre during the late war. Hemlock Island, with its pyramidal beauty, will soon invite your attention. You will notice the arrow-like straightness of its trees. The sound of rippling water is pleasing as you listen to its murmurings and wonder what the bubbles are saying to their stony playmates, but when you gaze upon Silent River and see it noiselessly gliding by you, you are reminded of the great river of time which so silently sweeps from eternity to eternity. When you reach Lost River, the words "Drink and you will return again" will cause you to yield to inclination, and stooping, your will drink of the river rushing beneath the hill- a river of which no one knows the beginning or the end. You will be weary of walking, but not of seeing, when you get to Lace Falls, and reluctantly you will begin to retrace your steps. After recreating at Pine Laden hotel, the favorite hotel for colored visitors, your love for that which is beautiful in nature will cause you to again lose yourself among its scenes. You drive across the bridge to Mt. Jefferson, from whose lofty Peaks of Otter may be seen, forty miles away. You will look upon the Blue Ridge for forty miles in the hazy distance, and Mars Hill will also [?] [?]. voices with the rustle of leaves, tinted with brown and gold, falling in gentle showers, while the tiny grass blades, nodding so gracefully, seemed waving a sadly sweet farewell to Birdie as she passed. "Wait there a moment," said her father, as they reached the gate, and he, retracing his steps, found all whom they had left, in tears. "Somehow, I can't get the consent of my mind to send that girl away from home; I never knew her before to be indifferent or inclined to hard-heartedness, but somehow, to-day she seems bewildered. What shall I do, ma?" Birdie's mother was too much absorbed in grief to find a ready answer, but grandma, who stood near by, looked over her spectacles, and said: "Why, bring the poor thing back, of course. She never called the man a liar, anyhow, but you all just let other people tell about it, and never gave the child a chance to say a word; but she told me all about it last night as he lay there a sobbing like her heart would break - poor little thing," and grandma stopped for breath. What they said Birdie did not know, but somehow father's tone was tinged with gentleness when he returned and said, "Daughter, why did you do so?" Birdie had spent the greater part of the night in prayer. Many a sigh heaved her bosom, while her pillow was wet with tears. The morning found her silent and sad, though her tears had ceased flowing, so in answer to father she said solemnly, "O, father, you did not let me explain how it is; I thought it was so hard to be sent away from everybody I love, and be shut up in a prison; but then I thought of Daniel in the lions' den, and prayed to God to go with me and take care of me in the reformed school, for He knew all DEAR GIRLS. - Are you enjoying these bright, sun-shiny days? I hope so. I must tell you of some good letters I have received and hope to answer soon. One is from a dear little girl who writes: "I have been much kinder to my mama since reading your journal. I am also one of the King's Daughters." Another asks questions which we will have to answer in side talk - just to our girls, for them to read especially. I will not attempt at present to tell you about or answer the many questions but simply mention to show my very great appreciation of your interest. How glad I am to know that even one girl (and there are others) is kinder to mothers. How glad I am that you realize the worth of the good women of the world who are working amid many disadvantages that you may be strengthened in every good work; that you may be one among the brightest constellations bedecking the crown of life. S.I.S. THE WOMAN'S LOYAL UNION. The Woman's Loyal Union, organized less than three months ago, with a membership at the present time of over a hundred members and with a fair prospect of many times that number, is beyond a doubt a growing power in New York and Brooklyn. Our people have some idea of the calibre of the women who laid personal interests aside and rallied to the support of a universal cause that for a time seemed resting heaviest upon one heroic woman's shoulders. Their actions told more to the public than mere words can ever de- tion shall be transcribed by an executive board and seven additional members chosen from the general committee, and two clerks, said committee to act until their successors are chosen. The executive board shall have power to enact by-laws for the transaction of business, to appoint standing committees, to attend to the several objects embraced by the association, to make rules for the application of funds, and to exercise all the functions necessary to the successful prosecution and promotion of the purpose of organization. Space does not permit the entire constitution, but from the foregoing fair minds can estimate as to the universality of the work. Special committees have been appointed for facilitating the accomplishment of the several objects of organization. The various committees are - "Conference," "Information," "Extension," "Meetings," "Literary," "Ways and Means" and "Press." Of necessity the first few months must be devoted to the introduction of the system, and the proper and necessary equipment. The founders and present supporters of the association have faith in the women of New York and Brooklyn, and believe that with their sympathy and support our roll book will ere long contain one thousand members. God grant that the day be not far distant when our women throughout the Empire State, will in the midst of pressing duties, spare a little time and think of this matter, and think of the work, the needs for unity of action, the dignity of members, the eternal utility of pure womanly cohesion. - New York Age. All things are possible to them who have patience to labor and wait. The sweetest word in our language is love; the greatest word is God; the word expressing the shortest time is now. There is no blood in a turnip, but there is life in a dry pebble to those that can see it. There is fire in flint and power in a drop of water if we will only take the pains to bring it out. Gail Hamilton says, "The perfect woman is as perfect as she is strong; as tender as she is sensible. She is calm, deliberate, dignified, leisurely; she is gay, graceful, sprightly, sympathetic; she is severe upon occasion and upon occasion playful; she has fancies, dreams, romances, ideals. EASTER. Would it not be very sad indeed if there were no Easter, no early flowers, no joyous music in church, no Easter carols? Easter would not be Eater if Christ had not risen. We look for Easter as we look for Christmas, and when the morning comes it is so full of joy that everything seems bright and One-half dozen of Children's and Misses' Hose for Three cash subscribers. [pocket watch image] This Watch can be seen at BRUNNER BROS. Jewelers, 255 Superior Street. The above $35, 14K., Solid Gold Watch of Elgin movement, will be presented to any one sending to our office Forty cash subscribers. A Gold-filled case, watch of the same style and cover, will be presented to any one sending us twenty-five cash subscribers. One-half doz. of Ladies' Hose will be given to any lady sending us five cash subscribers. A dress pattern of Blue henrietta goods, of 39 inch width will be given for 15 cash subscribers. In two styles of binding - Ivory Mono, tint (entirely new). Buy the Light Running New Home Finest Wood Work. Best Attachments. [sewing machine image] Most Durable. Easiest to Manage. THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. Send TEN cents to 28 Union Sq., N.Y., for our prize game, "Blind Luck," and win a New Home Sewing Machine. The New Home Sewing Machine Co. ORANGE, MASS. 28 UNION SQUARE, N.Y. Chicago, Ill. St. Louis, Mo. Boston, Mass. Atlanta, GA. San Francisco, Cal. Dallas, Tex. FOR SALE BY This machine will be given to the lady who sends us the largest club of subscribers, over 20, at $1.25, by May 1st. I declare it makes me cry To think how my days go by!" Then he would kiss me again, Try to be still more kind; Tenderly say, "My poor little wife! Would I could give you an easier life!" How could I be so unkind? Oh, how could I be so blind? God took him away one day, Took him away from me: Now, though I labor the whole day through, Nobody asks: "What has come to you?" Nobody pities or shares The weight of my household cares. Oh, yes, I have children too: A mother cannot complain; But never a son or a daughter's grace Can fill the void of their father's place. A mother cannot complain: But, oh, for my husband again! If I had only known That I should ever find It was an angel love that for years Worked for me, cared for me, dried my tears, I had been far more kind: But, oh, I was so blind! so blind! Lillie E. Barr in Ledger. USEFUL AND SUGGESTIVE. Hot water is better than cold for bruises. It relieves pain quickly, and by preventing congestion often keeps off the ugly black and blue mark. Among the many remedies for warts, to saturate them several times a day with lemon the Civil War. What strides it has made toward a higher plane in the last thirty years! Before any experiments had been made in the matter, this question was often asked: "Can a negro learn anything?" The answer was almost invariably, "No." A Negro learn Greek, Latin and the higher mathematics; edit newspapers and journals, write books and papers? "Nonsense" would the wiseacres have cried. Yet all these things have been accomplished. Given a fair opportunity and it has been found that the Negro can carry off the honors from such institutions of learning as Harvard, Brown and Adelbert. Members of the race have also distinguished themselves as authors and teachers. Notable among these is Prof. Scarborough, of Wilberforce, a fine scholar, author of a Greek text book which is used in Yale college; also E. A. Johnson, of Raleigh, N.C., author of a school history of the Negro race in America; J.C. Price, an eloquent orator and a successful teacher; Miss Hallie Q. Brown, said to be the finest elocutionist of her race in America, also an excellent teacher. Time and space will not permit me to name more. There are, however, hundreds of successful teachers all over this broad land, some teaching children of their own race only, others teaching in mixed schools. Nor is this all. In all the professions, in all branches of business, the Negro has proved himself to be equal to any other race. Shall we, having heard of the great progress made by the race, sit with folded hands for the rest of our days and say "Well done?" Let it rather spur us on toward something higher. What the race needs is educated nose. There is for instance, the Greek nose, the Roman nose, the Jewish nose, the African nose, and so on. The nose is also a distinctive mark of character. The eagle nose denotes superior commanding qualities; we see it in Caesar, Napoleon, Wellington, and others of their kind. Small nostrils denote irresolution and incapacity; a delicate, pointed nose, wit, observation, cunning; short, thick noses often indicate a vicious disposition; Socrates, who had such a nose, confessed that he was naturally badly inclined, but that he had corrected his bad qualities by his phylosophy. As a rule a long nose is handsomer than a short one, especially in man; a small, delicate nose is prettier on a woman's face, and often makes more conquests than a long one; it is a saucy nose, and pleases on that account. LEXINGTON, VA., April 4th, 1893. DEAR MRS. COSTON: - I cannot tell you how much I enjoy reading your journal, and it is so pleasant to know that the beautiful paper is due to the enterprise of some of our women. Yours, MARY EUBANK. A dress patter of Brown henrietta goods, of 39 inch width, will be given for 12 cash subscribers. Webster's Handy Dictionary for one cash subscriber for one year. One-half dozen of Ladie's Handkerchiefs for Three cash subscribers. gin. Don't let Aunt Melinda, who was the mother of ten children, tell you that you ought to feed your baby. Remember that the old family Bible contains the record of death after death in Aunt Melinda's family, and perhaps she fed them too much. My advice to mothers is to feed your babe nothing at all for the first seven or eight months. The little feet are to feeble to walk, the little hands too feeble to grasp, the little stomachs are too feeble to digest solid masses. When a babe is first born the fluid which is contained in the mother's breasts is a laxative and is intended by nature to cleanse the bowels of the black substance called the meconium; therefore it is proper that the infant should not be fed, but put to the breast as soon as the mother is rested. Colic is not apt to occur if the mother's diet is correct. If it does ensue, lay heated flannel on the bowels. Do not overfeed the baby even with breast milk. Do not give the baby a taste of everything which you eat. Babies who feed in this way are prone to colic. Avoid everything acid yourself and keep a flannel band around the stomach and bowels (loose, not tight) for the first year of an infant's life. Remember that with warm feet and stomach, cool head and no solid food for the entire first year your babe will thrive. name after it. It is in Rockbridge county, about thirteen miles from Lexington (Va.) The drive from Lexington through the country, across its hills and valleys, is something of a preparation for the magnificence that will greet you when you stand before the beauty and wonder of the land. On leaving town on a fair summer's morning, you are embraced by the gentle and refreshing breeze laden with the perfumes from the wild flowers of the woods, and the azure depth above you and the woods at your side but enhance the situation. Now and then you see fields green with corn, and others with wheat stalks waving their heads as if inviting you to stop and entertain yourself with them for a while. The farm house and its scenes of industry will soon arrest your attention. When you have fairly arrived at the village and alighted from your vehicle, the man at the little gate asks for his fee. When he is satisfied you are then free to wander on in search of pleasure and knowledge, treading the path which thousands have trod before you. Soon you will hear the rippling water of Cedar creek hurrying on to mingle its treasures with other waters. Suddenly you are confronted by the bridge, which is called "God's greatest miracle in stone - the bridge not made with hands, that spans a river, carries a highway and joins two mountains into one." Breathlessly you stop and gaze upon the awful sight. You admire the beautiful and perfect arch. At the top of the arch, two hundred and fifteen feet away, engraven on the stony roof by the finger of nature, that you longer gaze upon the scenes, and the gathering shadows warn you that night is approaching. This valuable property was granted to Thomas Jefferson by George III, for which he paid twenty shillings of legal money. MOLLIE. THE WOMAN IN BUSINESS. A young woman races a succession of hard trials when she turns to a business career, writes Edward W. Bok in an article on that most interesting of subjects, "Women in Business Life," in the April Ladies' Home Journal. It is easier for her to think that she can do what she sees others doing than it is for her to do it. It is not so easy to be compelled to rise at a certain hour day after day, whether one feels like it or not; to eat a hasty breakfast, or let me say rather to bolt it; to go out into the biting frosts of the winter and the torrid heats of summer; to leave the comforts of home behind and those dearest and nearest to us; to be compelled to write when the eye will scarcely keep open from the ache in the head; to eat either a cold lunch spread on the knee, or mingle with the elements in a cheap restaurant; to see the wardrobe running behind with no time to sew or replenish it; to go through the strain of a long day's work only to return home at evening, often too tired to eat; to feel to exhausted to do aught in the evening but to remain home and seek early rest to gain strength for the morrow, to go through the same routine of mental and physical anguish. Will any one call this a life of independence? idly overspread at least two continents, and his "Anna Karenina," "War and Peace," "Russian Proprietor," etc., became the talk of the hour; but the "Kreutzer Sonata" was rather overstrained even for readers of the latter part of the nineteenth century (able "to do" most things in this line), and presto! Tolstoi's downfall from his place of eminence is as swift as the rise thereof. Meanwhile, Mrs. Humphrey Ward comes forward with "Robert Elsmere." Gladstone honors it with a review, and the book at once reaches such popularity that thousands of copies are sold and it is considered a breach of etiquette hardly pardonable to ask "Have you read Ro-?" Yet, will this book live as have "Les Miserables," "Scarlet Letter" or "Robinson Crusoe?" There are, of course, reasons why the books of the hour have a phenomenal success for the time. They illustrate peculiar existing conditions in a striking manner; beat responsively with the public pulse; touch upon points that possess vital interest for the multitudes. But if they have been written for this end alone, when the conditions change they are likely to be remembered no more. The book must contain something of inherent value - virtue gone forth from the author to his product -if, like the "Iliad," "The Inferno," "Paradise Lost" or the immortal plays of Shakespeare, it is to be handed down from generation to generation. The little fern traces its history upon the rock, and, having left it to the care of wave and storm, centuries afterward we find it in all of its pristine perfection. To few is it given to write in this imperishable manner, but oftener, covered by the debris of the ages, morning to find himself wealthy. The world says, "What a stroke of luck A- has had!" But in reality the difference between A and B is simply the difference in their power to observe. The curiosity of early childhood, the inquisitiveness of youth, are but offshoots of the observational faculty which, if wisely directed, give promise of many things - allowed to grow rank, constitute the owner a nuisance. Many parents, fearing the latter result, or to avoid the trouble of reasonable reply, dismiss the constant inquiry of the child with "Shut up." "Don't ask so many questions," etc. All wrong. They should, on the contrary, foster in children a disposition to know the reason of things. What causes the question? Is there not a thought, however trivial and childish, behind the question? Thinking is the important factor of observation, as well as of all other mental processes conductive to great results. Intelligent observation causes the child to seek more than the visual appearance of the object. The trees are swayed by the wind. Why does the wind blow? The wheels of the watch go round. Why? The sun seems to go beneath the horizon. Why? The mere observation of facts will not, of course, produce a scientist, a successful business manager, a statesman or general, but it is the important step which must precede all broad classification and generalization. Habits of observation accompanied by analytic and synthetic processes foster constructive or creative ability, and herein lies the value of reliable kindergarten training. There are some branches of study adapted to the cultivation of this faculty, as, for in- colored children an education. Missions and churches have been established for evangelizing the blacks and the good work they are doing to male and female is witnessed on every hand. With all the vices of slavery to overcome the black man has made a progress which would be astonishing if he did not have to compare himself with the white man who had centuries the start of him. Beginning in 1865 with $12,000 worth of taxable property in the whole United States, the negroes to-day pay taxes on $263,000,000 worth of property. There are hundreds of black college bred ministers, physicians and lawyers and 150 newspapers edited and owned by black men. Read in the February Forum, "Negro Suffrage a Failure. Shall We Abolish It?" FUN, FORTUNE AND FORMULAE. He hadn't taken anything - "Have you taken anything for your influenza?" asked the doctor of a long, lank, hungry-looking man who came to him complaining of being "all run down," his appearance verifying his words. "Well I ain't been taking much of anything, doctor - that is nothing to speak of. I tuk a couple o' bottles Pinkham's bitters awhile back, an' a bottle of Quackham's Invigorator, with a couple o' boxes o' Curem's pills, and a lot o' quinine and root bitters my old woman made up. I've got a porous plaster on my back an' a liver pad on, and I'm wearing an electric belt an' takin' quinine and iron four times a day, with a dose or two of salts ev'ry other day. 'Ceptin for that I ain't takin nothin." - Med. Review. ings. The dance fatigued her as never before; after two or three attempts she gave up trying. "I don't know what's got into my feet, but they will not go right," she said by way of refusal. At last it was over, and while those who had arranged it were congratulating themselves over the success of the party, poor Patsey was kneeling beside her snowy bed weeping the first bitter tears of her life. Her heart had revealed its resting place, and alas! what misery was hers!" Were all the dances in the world worth such a price? Oh, how deeply burned the sense of shame as she recalled his manner on past occasions. So sincere, so straightforward; a conscious glow of pride diffused itself through her mind, as she thought of this strong, manly man acknowledging himself in love with her simple self; but only for a moment, for his cruel "I thought you noble and good, but I find you utterly vain and heartless," smote her senses. "Oh! the misery of it all!" she cried, "for I love him - love him with all my heart, and he despises me!" In the days that followed, Patsey suffered most poignantly. "Hearts may break, but still beat on." Fortunately for her, there was lots of quilting to finish, mince meat to be made, herbs to be gathered, and all to be done before Christmas. With him it was different. His being a positive nature, and at the time so unprepared for trifling, though loth, he simply accepted the conditions appearances seemed to justify. He felt that she had knowingly made a fool of him, and for that there's no forgiveness nor unforgiveness; simply an unhappy state of affairs. impulse prompted her to lay upon his desk a bunch of sweet shrubs that nestled then upon her bosom. It may be the same impulse that led Patsey to bestow the flowers led Mr. Morris to make sure that his Christmas sermon was in its proper place on his desk. I don't know but he found the "red brown darlings," and their perfume whispered "Patsey." "And tender yearnings rise anew," thoughts long since silenced surged through his mind; hope renounced sprang into being; a new joy stole over his senses, for "Old love is waking - Shall it wake in vain?" At widow Lee's a few neighbors had dropped in to partake with her the time-honored "egg-nogg" and unearth a goodly number of time-honored reminiscences. As the merry stories went round, Patsey, unobserved, passed out in the white light of the bright moon. With a fleecy shawl thrown over her blue- black hair she leaned on the gate and contemplated with quiet pleasure the quiet scene around her, while from her lips softly rose and fell that sweetest of carols. "Angels from the realms of glory, Wing your flight o'er all the earth." "A grand night, Miss Patsey." "In very truth, Mr. Morris; but which way did you approach?" she asked with considerable astonishment. "I have been here some time," he said kindly, very kindly. "I feared you might be startled" (coming nearer). "Patsey, I have made a grave mistake; tell me, is it too late to amend? I did you injustice; I was too hasty; forgive me." Here was her opportunity. Her heart Worship the Savior who suffered for thee. O Earth, refreshed by thy long winter's sleeping, Wake ye, and put on thy vernal array! Flowers, above earth your little heads peeping, Worship the King on this glad Easter day! Send your sweet fragrance like incense on high, "For Jesus hath risen and and man shall not die." Chrysalids, buds and the small cotyledon, Bear life within them, and only await Spring, when they change to a bright, blooming Eden This bare, brown earth from its dull, dormant state. Forth from the chrysalis, soaring on high, Comes the most gaily-bedecked butterfly, Herald of Spring, emblem of Resurrection: So in His grandeur and glory and power, Jesus, at heaven and earth's intersection, Came from the grave at the early dawn hour. Welcome, Almighty Christ Jesus arisen! Come in our hearts on this glad Easter day; Loose every soul from its dark, sinful prison, Then we shall sing forth forever and aye: "Glory to God in full anthems of joy; The being He gave us death cannot destroy. Sad were the life we may part with to-morrow If tears were our birthright and death were our end, But Jesus hath cheered the dark valley of sorrow And bade us, immortal, to heaven ascend. Lift, then, your voices in triumph on high, For Jesus hath risen and man shall not die." Chillicothe, O. MAMIE E. FOX. FOR CARPET CLEANING Call Telephone 3110. The Fuller Carpet Cleaning and Upholstering Co., Nos. 291 and 293 Quincy St. strained to think that this day, that marked a turning point in his life, was of little interest to her, and the thought imparted a mournful intonation to his voice - a cadence like the wind stirring through some lonely stretch of pine wood. He had loved this girl for months, but being only a beginner in life, with no permanent field, he had hesitated about making his love known. Often when in a meditative mood, as he stood watching the mystic shadows of the soft, white moon light, falling aslant the gently waving cane brake, alluring hopes, by painting bright pictures of future felicity, would woo him from the embrace of conscious care into this weirdly-sweet dominion of love. Unconsciously he expected so much from her. Considering her past kindly interest in his sermons, he could not understand why she was so listlessly to-day. Never were his thoughts better expressed, yet not once did she seem particularly conscious of what was going on around her. "Sweet Shrub," or Patsy Lee rather, did not know the minister loved her. She had not loved the ethics of heroic silence; plain, self-denying endurance. So accustomed to frank demonstration that it never occurred to her that this grave, earnest man had time to even think of love. Some trivial incident was at the bottom of her apparent listlessness. Though seventeen summers had tripped over her pretty head, she was at heart still a child, and could she have had a real good cry before setting out for church, would have been her own attentive self. Several times she felt conscious of some thing unusual in Mr. Morris' face. Besides spearmint and camille, jonquils, horehound, heliotrope and a perfect heaven of roses - great daily roses, hundred-leaved, damask musk and maiden's blush - - wild, sweet things running along the unsightly rails that fenced the garden in, and growing around the well, with its ancient-looking sweep and massive bucket. If Patsy was fond of any one blossom above another, it was the tiny red-brown calycanthus, wild strawberry to some, but in the dear south land it is known as the sweet shrub. Around Widow Lee's house they grew in richest, sweetest perfection, with the wonderfully sweet little buds clinging close to the stem. When the winds whispered that jack frost was coming, they were gathered and strewed all over the house, on curtain and valance, their perfume rested; exquisitely sweet it ever lingered around Patsey, in fact seemed so much a part of herself that her companions laughingly called her "Sweet Shrub." A good daughter, industrious and dutiful, merry as a mocking bird; and though dancing in that time and community was denounced as "exceedingly sinful and worldly," yet it was her favorite amusement, while she liked "the ring" plays "forfeits" and such. But her eyes would sparkle, and her tiny foot would restlessly tattoo the floor, when old Joe Guy would uncover his fiddle and with a drawl that was sometimes tantalizing, "tak yo pardners fur de dance." Ah me! in those days such a winsome, merry maiden she was. How those dances grieved the young minister will never be known! When cranky, but pompous old Farmer Greggs would drive over expecting she would gloriously fair. Old grey heads seemed young again, as they were called upon to take someone "out of the well," or "to choose from east, choose from the west." As was fondly hoped the church folks gradually thinned out, thus adding to the fun. They kept going until the minister alone stood between fiddle and bow. At first no uneasiness was felt concerning him, for he rarely tarried long; besides, they reasoned, he must have known they counted on a dance, even though he had preached against it time and time again. To say that Mr. Morris was unconscious of these expectations, is to say but little. Never had he appeared so genial. He was supremely happy, simply to look at Patsey, as she glided here and there, her bright eyes flashing, her pretty face wreathed in smiles. He knew nothing of their plans, and for that matter, so completely was he under "love's sweet spell," that they might have danced until dawn and he would scarcely have realized but that they were playing "Husk O' Ladies" or something similar, for he saw only Patsey and thought only of her. By and by even the lustiest appetite was satisfied and the plays began to lag; so, dubious faces gathered in little groups and whispered their dissatisfaction; it would seem an awful thing to dance in the presence of the minister, they had no idea of doing such a thing. "I will start him, girls," said Patsey, after a brief consultation. Walking over to him, with the most innocent expression, she said, loud enough to be heard all around, "Mr. Morris, this being my birthday, won't you dance the reel with me?" Wrapped so completely in his infatuation, he did not at once comprehend the full import of her words. WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY. LADIES' NORMAL HALL OF WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY. THE JOURNAL presents to its readers the cut of the Ladies' Normal Hall, of Wilberforce University. It was erected during the past two years and is indeed a commendable accomplishment, suggesting the interest attaching the university. The Ladies' Normal Hall is complete in all of its appurtenances with the most perfect sanitary appliances. From this university, probably the oldest in the country for the education of colored youth, there have been graduated one hundred and twenty-five students. They have been as conspicuous for the probity as for excellency in letters. A sacrificial spirit attaches to, of it does not inhere in them. It is manifest in their observance of duty, duty shorn of obligatory inducement, but the more urgent for having origin in their choice. As teachers, lawyers, doctors, United States consuls, or clergymen, "considering opportunity, they will compare with the best product of any school in the land." The university property contains 62 acres of land, possessing great natural beauty and healthfulness. Pure springs impregnated with sulphur and iron, flow out in its ravines. The departments of the university embrace the theological, collegiate, normal, law, music, art, preparatory, and industrial. In these have been enrolled since the purchase of the institution in 1863 3,944 students. The faculty embraces twelve persons, seven male and five female professors. SWEET SHRUBS A STORY BY VICTORIA EARLE. (Written especially for RINGWOODS JOURNAL.) Not far from Macon, Ga., lies a pretty little emerald hued village, a sleepy, mournful sort of place, with but one redeeming feature, flowers. Here they grew, in the wildest, sweetest profusion in such beauty and elegance that it seems as though this frightfully named, out of the way spot, was really designed by nature as the floral storehouse for the entire state; the very name of the place warrants this idea, in that it was harsh and night-marish enough in sound to hold creation at a safe distance, Grizzleville. Whether the sweet-tangle wildwood ever sheltered a mansion built for "Papa Bruin" and family, such as little Goldie Locks once found, I cannot say, but from observation I can say that such a few strangers ever wandered through this "Wil-o'-the-Wisp" district that the simple country folks rarely had an opportunity of realizing how terror inspiring the name Grizzleville really was; that some spiteful fairy was present, though uninvited, at the christening, I have always felt very certain. However, on the day my story opened, all Grizzleville was in festive attire, great expectations were to be realized on this day. During the preceding year mighty efforts were put forward toward building a church. For years, in fact ever since the oldest among them could remember, they had worshiped beneath widespreading trees, seated upon rude benches, not that this temple was not grand enough, arched above by God's own vault snow-capped and blue, hallowed, not alone by breathing creation, but the whispering winds that "cometh and no man listeth" permeated with the exquisite incense of tender blossoms that "toil not nor spin" but faithful hearts felt the need of a permanent home that should stand like the "house built upon a rock," independent of the elements, and to-day sees the work done, and the care and worry of it all, like an old garment is thrown aside. Proud expectant faces are assembled to kneel in the new edifice, and listen to the "oft-told story," while their Bethel is dedicated [done, ? top line of page is cut off] the center of things than the other, and where to the other only solid walls are seen, to the one doors fly open on every hand. To find the explanation of this seems most easy, as I think. The difference of view is owing to the difference in the relation sustained to the Lord Jesus Christ. But I can almost feel the reader objecting here, for he says are they not both christians, what then can be the difference in their relation to Christ? Simply this: the difference of their consecration. The nearer we are to Christ the more we become like Him, the more do we find what is to be done for Him. Now, because there are so many who cannot see, or at least do not see, the open doors, I shall undertake, in a brief way, to set them before them. No one of us may be able to enter them all, but surely we may enter some. I call attention first to the open door in the homes of the aged. We must not be unmindful of the fact that many of our fathers and mothers did not have our opportunities, and therefore, are shorne of much of the comfort derived from books and papers. How helpful and what a gracious service it would be to have some one read to them one or two hours a week. I am personally acquainted with an aged servant of God, out of whose voice nearly all melody has gone, and the three score and ten years have so dimmed that vision that letters dance like a will-o-the-wisp, and yet that aged saint has the keenest relish for christian song and the story of the Nazarene. Now what joy the bright faces and laughing voices of the king's daughters might bring to that soul. Again, there are aged poor who could be made happy by any one who would carry a [top line of page is cut off] I have thought of it before and shall try it if only a few will co-operate. It is the work of bringing each Sabbath as many as possible under the sound of the gospel. If two by two they would make an effort each Sabbath evening to keep one pew full of people to hear the preaching of the gospel. In this way they may render lasting service to the souls of the lost. Again, the members of the circle can be a general lookout committee among young people and make frequent and earnest efforts to win any who are wayward from the sins and folly of the world to the following of the King. Certainly this is the end and climax of all christian effort, and the christian worker who does not have this in mind as the ultimate end to be reached is an aimless worker and is only beating the air. Another open door which is entered altogether too infrequently is a service which many of the king's daughters could render to mothers, not their own mothers always, but the mothers of other children. Let me sketch a picture. In a little home, cozy and neat, a young mother is charged with the care of two or three children. The father goes early to work, returns late. For days together he presses a kiss upon the brow of this sleeping children and says "good-by," and at night he bends over the crib, and kissing them says "good-night." For days together they never see him, and he does not really see them. With those children the mother lives through the week from Monday until Sunday, and Sunday passes without any change and on Monday she takes up the round again. She does not get to church on the Sabbath. She has no opportunity for social enjoyment. [top line of page is cut off] hinges. I was reading a few days ago that great eschatological chapter in Matthew where are enumerated some signs of the end of our world. I noted, as I have often done before, the end is conditioned on the preaching of the gospel to all nations. How few realize the rapidity with which the gospel is being promulgated. If the present rate of advance on heathen kingdoms be not retarded, it is estimated that within two decades every nation and tribe will have heard the gospel, and Matthew says then the end will be. Many of us in the middle life may yet live to see the great universal storm when the elements shall melt with fervent heat and the heavens shall be rolled up as a scroll. Now, while I write, there are passing several children. One has been run off the walk and has had to take to a muddy, unpaved street. He is running at good speed, jumping pools of water and bids fair to reach the other walk safely, and thus come ashore to good footing. But just before he leaps to the curbing I see other children with waving arms confronting him and driving him back to the muddy street, and I say, this is like life. For when a man has been once run off into the mud, there are multitudes to help keep him there. The children who stopped the boy's approach to the other sidewalk did it merely because he was pursued and on the run. This is what men and society do to-day. If a man gets into the mud, he is kept there; if they find him down everybody feels called upon to jump on and keep him down. A man drove past my window a few days sixteenth century was out of a thousand years of night and ignorance. The activities of Moses were out of forty years of shepherd life in Horeb and the silence of the wilderness. The activities of the apostles were out of ten days' quiet waiting. You need not count much on fussy people for help, nor need you fear at all their hindrance. Look out for the quiet people. You may with a few shovelfuls of earth stop the noisy little brook recochetting over pebbles and through mosses, but who can stop the noiseless flow of the incoming tide of the ocean? The watch has three workers on its face - the hour hand, the minute hand and the second hand. To look at the fussy little second hand one would feel that he could not get along without it. So with the minute hand, as it moves to the measure of the time. But the fact is, the watch would still give out the right time without either of these, for if the hour hand be left, that hand which is the most quiet of them all, you may still know the time, but without it the watch is useless. In these days crowding close upon the heels of Easter tide, we find the thoughts of that season recurring over and over again. In standing by the open and radiant tomb one is not permitted to forget the stone which was rolled to the door and sealed. Men had struggled with this stone to lay its ponderous weight athwart the egress of the King. But that which man by great effort lays across the pathway of the King, God's angel moves by a touch. And this is the record of the centuries. The opposition which man counts great in his eye is a small affair when he attempts thereby to intercept deity and His plans. This was the foolish hardiness of Pharaoh, who thought to keep in bondage [top of page is cut off] And brings to me a balm, Of undisturbed repose. O, Night! I find in thee Reflection, earnest prayer; Soothe thou, in solitude Thy child of toil and care. Blest Night! around me wave, Thy consecrated wand, Inspire my waiting soul With virtues lofty, grand. Let me lift up mine eyes, Beyond the stars, to God, And see with grateful heart His loving face. And e'en when shades of night, Bid cheerful day begone, May I His blessings seek On some good done. Sarah G. Jones Walnut Hills, April 13, 1893. --------------------------------------------- Mrs. J. R. Coston. - Dear Madam: I received your favor of a recent date, containing your kind offer. In reply I would say that I am ready to comply with anything that would promote the interest of the work. And I must concede myself flattered to have you remember me in on such work. I shall endeavor to be ready at the time designated, and would beg that you forward me such explanation as shall enable me to have a better view of your plans. I shall await your reply at your earliest convenience. Meanwhile I have the honor to be Yours Respectfully, D. B. Fulton 466 Clermont Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. ?mundane sphere from time immemorial, has more points in common with these erudite philosophers, who never tire of ventilating their ideas upon the negro, than any other bird, beast or fowl with which zoology has acquainted me. Like geese they follow each other. As soon as one announces a mental, moral or physical weakness in a certain portion of the race, the others immediately wag their learned heads, crying, yea, yea, verily, verily. Without the slightest individual investigation, they seize upon this important discovery and wisely pronounce it a racial weakness, when it is in reality only the result of untoward circumstances. Like geese, they mean well, and their hissings do no harm among thoughtful people, who readily see the flaws in their arguments. But, since many good substantial citizens of this great republic spare little time from their regular work for solid thinking, these verbose conglomerations of specious syllogisms, invented to prove false propositions, may be accepted as genuine philosophy. A certain Dr. Brinton has lately been engaged in proving the mental inferiority of colored youths. One of the reasons for reaching this remarkable conclusion is the following statement: "Colored children up to the age of 14 or 15 years, are as interested in their studies as white children, but as they grow up to manhood and womanhood they lose interest in mental occupation. This is due to traits of their ancestors, which do not make themselves manifest until maturity." The fallacy of ascribing as heredity what may be easily accounted for by the condition of the negroes in this country is patent to every thoughtful person. If it be true that colored children of more than fourteen or fifteen lose interest in -72- Ringwood's Afro-American Journal of Fashion. April, [IMAGE 3656] THE KITCHEN APRON NO. 3656. This attractive model may be used for a gown of cashmere, challie, flannel and washable goods. Gingham, percale, cambric and seersucker are employed for aprons in the style of the one illustrated; is cut in five sizes, for ladies from 32 to 40 inches bust measure, and requires 4 yards material 36 inches wide. Pcrie 15 cents. [image 3671] [image 3603] THE RUSSIAN BLOUSE NO. 3603 Is cut in 5 sizes for ladies from 32 to 40 inches bust measure, and requires 3 1/4 yards materials 44 inches wide, or 5 1/4 yards 27 inches. Price 25 cents. [image 3657] LADY'S TEA GOWN NO. 3657 [lamp shade image] LAMP SHADE. Of bluette Indiasilk, with crotchet lace border and long fringe of silk to match. Silver star and crescent. [scrap basket image] SCRAP BASKET. Scrap Basket, draped with fancy fringe and ribbon, of two harmonizing shades, lined to match with silk or silesia. A very pretty and useful article that is easy to make. [image 3670] MISSES EMPIRE DRESS NO. 3670. The quaint short waist of the Empire dress is nearly always becoming to girlish figures, and the simple pretty toilette shown in the illustration may be attractively made of soft silk or wool fabrics, also of cotton goods. Is cut in 5 sizes, for misses from 11 to 15 years old, and requires 4 1/2 yards material 44 inches wide, or 7 1/2 yards 27 inches. Price 25 cents. [image 3601] THE COSTUME NO. 3601 Is cut in five sizes; for ladies from 32 to 40 inches bust measure, and requires 8 1/2 yards material 44 inches wide, or 10 3/4 yards 27 inches. Price 40 cents. HER WAY. Closefist - What's the trouble with the baby now? Mrs. Closefist - Give it up; ask him yourself. "He acts as though he was hungry." "Yes; that is, he acts as you do when you are hungry." "aren't you unusually cross, madam?" "I hate stupid questions?" "You infer that I am stupid?" "That would be stupider still." "You are candid." "I'm not sugar-coated." "Then you are bitter, perhaps?" "Not the kind of bitters you like." "How much did you say that jacket cost?" "Seventy-eight dollars." "Well, here is the money." "Darling!" 1893.] RINGWOOD'S AFRO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FASHION 71 their books, necessity and not a natural aversion to knowledge forces them to do so. The majority of colored parents have not sufficient means to support their children at school after they have attained the age of fourteen or fifteen. The girls are needed home to help do the house work, when not obliged to earn their livelihood, and the boys must then begin their trades, or at least support themselves. In the higher grades books to be purchased are more expensive than those in lower, and this is a great strain upon the purses of poor people. That the majority of colored people having children fourteen or fifteen should be in moderate circumstances is not surprising, considering the almost insurmountable obstacles of earning money anywhere in this country. In the South they must submit to low wages out of which they are in many instances entirely cheated. In the North the trades are closed against them. In spite of this the amount of property accumulated is incredibly large. Although poverty and the consequent necessity of earning a livelihood would be sufficient to explain why colored youth appear to lose interest in their studies, yet our ethnologist refuses to take this fact into consideration. In Germany, where education is compulsory, because the poorer classes, of which the country is mostly composed, would not send their children to school unless forced to do so, the majority of girls and boys relinquish school work as soon as the law permits them, and in after life show little or no interest in mental occupation. Dr. Brinton will hardly attribute this action on the part of the German children to traits of their ancestors. The children of the middle and poor classes of England, France and Italy leave school at an early age, and manifest no interest in mental occupations thereafter, and yet Dr. Brinton will hardly ascribe this fact to inherited mental incapacity common of these peoples. If the learned doctor means that, other things being equal, colored children are less enthusiastic and capable in the pursuit of knowledge than the whites, facts can easily be adduced to prove that such a statement is the result, either of woeful ignorance or willful injustice. Even when circumstances of the parents make it possible for colored children to attend school, white children have so many advantages in the way of home training, contact and incentive to devote themselves to mental pursuits that the comparison at present is hardly a fair one. Valid and weighty reasons for colored children's "lack of interest in mental occupation," when the higher grades are reached, can account for such a tendency, if it exist, without ascribing it to "traits of ancestors which do not make themselves manifest until maturity." As well claim that the mental lethargy and incapacity of the poor whites of the South are due to traits of ancestors. If the children of the poor whites of the South be compared with those of negroes of that or any other section of the country, the comparison is all in favor of the latter's interest in mental occupation. In spite of advantages accruing to white people who possess a good education, in spite of the multitude of opportunities offered them, the poor whites are perfectly satisfied with their ignorance, can not be aroused from mental lethargy and are utterly destitute of ambition. The negroes, in spite of prejudice and persecution are rapidly improving both their mental and material condition. Even if white children after reaching the higher grades seem to display more interest and capacity than colored children, it would argue nothing for the mental superiority of the former over the latter. The difference in the homes and the home training alone, without reference to ancestors, would account for the more intense interest in a mental occupation evinced by white children. By intelligent parents who have themselves enjoyed the benefits of a thorough education, they are impressed with the necessity of storing the mind with useful knowledge. The advantage of being well educated is daily demonstrated to them by members of their own household, relatives and friends with whom they come in daily contact. Colored children are just now beginning to enjoy the benefits flowing from intelligent home training and social contact with cultured people, both such important factors in the education of the youth. But, if the mental and material inheritance of white and colored children were the same, the incentive to exhaustive mental work in the two cases is by no means the same. The earth and the fulness thereof belong to white children, who are drilled and schooled in the great achievements possible to them from infancy to maturity. Neither poverty, humble parentage nor any other creature can bar the way of ambitious, persevering Anglo-Saxons to positions of honor and wealth. Ability and the will to achieve are the only prerequisites to brilliant success. A colored youth, on the other hand, need only have his eyes and ears open to see and hear enough to paralyze mental energy and discourage ambition to achieve success in the higher walks of life. He sees men of his own race able and worthy denied rights and privileges accorded to white men either ignorant or mediocre. Since comparatively few avocations are opened to highly educated colored men, he feels that the sooner his attention is turned to some occupation whereby he may earn a livelihood, the better. Having learned to read, write and cipher a little, in deference to the wishes of his parents, discouraged at the prospects, at the advice of friends and in obedience to his own best judgment, he bids farewell to schools and books to struggle with an unfriendly world. If it be true that colored children lose interest in mental occupation, reasons sufficient to explain such a condition can be adduced without resorting to traits of ancestors. Like many other wiseacres, who disport themselves in verbosities and philosophies concerning the defects of the negro, Dr. Brinton thinks he has observed an effect of which he wishes to announce the cause. Without conscientious careful investigation of the matter, traits of ancestors are strained to explain a condition for which both the prejudice of whites and the untoward circumstances of the blacks are responsible. MARY CHURCH TERRELL ————— The Journal can only account for the many complimentary references of The New York Age to it as being the definition of its theoretical purpose in execution. As the policy of The Age has been unfolded it has ever revealed itself as friendly to and anxious for the success of worthy effort. In this, as in its ability, it is unique among Afro-American newspapers, and as unselfish as it is conspicuous in encouraging other financial interests besides its own THE JOURNAL is pleased to announce its indebtedness. Dress patterns RINGWOOD DRESS PATTERNS MAY BE HAD BY ADDRESSING US BY MAIL 3638 The Basque No. 3638 Is cut in 5 sizes, for ladies from 32 to 40 inches bust measure, and requires 2 yards material 44 inches wide, or 21/4 yards 27 inches. Price 25 cents. 3624 THE RUSSIAN SKIRT Consists of an upper and lower portion in circular bell shape. It is gathered at the top and falls in soft full folds at the back. The lower edge of each skirt is richly garnitured with embroidery. 3417 1893.] RINGWOOD'S AFRO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FASHION. 69 BLESSED ARE THE PURE IN HEART THE KING'S DAUGHTERS BLESSED ARE THE MERCIFUL EDITED-BY-MRS. B.F.LEE. The purpose of this column department is to bring us into closer relations by personal and familiar "talks." All letters intended for this department should be addressed to Mrs. B.F. Lee, 1134 Carpenter St., Philadelphia, Pa. OPEN DOORS FOR THE KING'S DAUGHTERS. MRS. DANIEL W. SHAW, CLEVELAND, O. (Written especially for RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL.) Regardless of the fact that there are so many doors open for service, only a few people are entering. Nor is it because they do not want to work or are recreant to their duty, but because they do not see what is to be done. In Christian work it is like money getting. To one man the world is full of opportunities for money getting and all that he touches turns to gold. To some people doors for christian activities fly open on all sides. I have in mind a member of our church, devoted, consecrated, who has a keen vision for opportunities, and more than that, she does not allow them to slip. The door once open she crowds over the threshhold and begins at once that work which none other had seen or thought of, though they walked with her. This is a singular fact through true, that two christian [?] find many of the same things to be [?] [?] [?] will [?] farther toward message or run an errand for them. Where is the king's daughter who could not do as much as that? Again, there are poor people too proud themselves to make known their distress, who ought to be brought in touch with those who are able to help and are willing to help just that class of persons. They are willing to do it in a very unpretentious way. Now, if some christian worker could act as a connecting link between that person needing help and the person able to help, what a good service that would he. What could be nobler in a little member of the king's daughters circle than to take some poor, needy widow or family as its own charge, and by frequent visits and kindly sympathy get into their hearts and needs alike, and then set to work without display or trumpet sounding to relieve the need? I believe that such deeds done "in His name" would be the means of leading many souls to the Christ who inspired his followers to such deeds of mercy. Again, there is a steady service which each member of the circle may render her church. The sameness of life robs it of all its sweetness, and moroseness and shadow settles down upon the home. Home is no longer home; it is a mere prison from which that young mother would, if possible, fly and be free. Here is an open door for us all to enter "in His name." Go, daughters of the king, and for a few hours set that young mother free by taking her place to watch with and care for those children. Let her go for an hour to God's sanctuary on the Sabbath. Let her spend a social hour in the evening, and who knows but that you may be the salvation of that home. FROM MY STUDY TABLE. BY REV. D.W.SHAW, CLEVELAND, O. (Written especially for RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL.) From my study window I overlook a crowded thoroughfare where men, women, children and vehicles are rapidly passing to and fro. I never look upon the surging throng without a silent question- Whither? Some to school, some to business, some to pleasure and some with no object in search and no aim. Then I have thought what might be accomplished could a man muster all his energies and hold them to one grand purpose. A mental roll- call of earth's great and famous souls reveals only those who gave life to a purpose. The nobility of the life is consonant with the nobility of the purpose. The power of an earnest soul to shape history is one of the miracles of the centuries. Great births of time and crises in human history have found a center in a human soul. It is the marvel of the ages how the humble carpenter of Nazareth could [?] [?] [?] hands lift empires off their 70 RINGWOOD'S AFRO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FASHION. [April, ago with a ton of coal, one half soft and the other hard. It struck me as being rather peculiar, but I had hardly thus reasoned before I saw that there was a board at the center of the wagon dividing the two kinds of coal. "Ah!" said I; "that is it. The dividing line is everywhere." I thought of the two thieves on the cross, one on either side of Christ, and said, there the cross is the dividing line. And as the cross was the dividing line then, it is the dividing line to-day. Plant it where you will, its historic arms part the world. On one side prayer and intercession; on the other, vituperations and blasphemy. Reader, on which side are you? Go into social life and the dividing line is there. Sometimes we marvel that a line appears in the churches, yet, as between the tares and the wheat, the dividing line is there. We shall grow together until the angel harvesters gather the wheat and cast off the chaff. I stood at the railway station taking leave of my friends, but could scarcely hear a goodbye or word of cheer for the uproar of escaping steam from the engine. At last I stepped aboard the train; the baggage was thrown into the car and then a hush fell upon that noisy engine. The hush was so perfect that I looked out toward the engine and in a moment more I saw it move itself like a thing of life and we were off. I took that engine as a symbol of life and activity. I said, why did not the engine start off without abating the noise and tumult? As there came a moment of calm to that engine before assuming its tasks, so I believe there comes a period of calm to man before assuming important activities. Great births of time are not the loud speaking ones. The coming of Christ was out of a prophetic silence of four hundred years. The revival of letters of the those to whom God had given liberty. This was the mistake of imperial Rome, who thought to crush out a kingdom mightier than herself. This is the mistake of infidel and sceptic to-day who seek to obstruct the way of the King. If men are inclined to forget that God hath a hook in the nostril of nations and that He leadeth them whither He will, let them read over the record of the past. Those nations which have dared to lift their puny arm against the kingdom of Christ have found themselves between the upper and nether millstones of His providence, and have been ground to powder. Rome, the great antagonist of Christ's kingdom, lies now like a wreck on the face of history, her glory departed. Let men beware to-day how they attempt to roll opposition in the way of the King, for whosoever stumbleth upon him shall be broken, but on whomsoever he falleth shall be ground to powder. NIGHT. (Written especially for RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL.) Sayest thou, "Night hath no eyes?" Turn, turn thine orbs above, To the diamonds in the sky, Smiling down in quiet love. O, Night! with thy soft light, Of moon and twinkling stars, Thy shadows are dispelled, By many thousand smiles. Season of sweetest rest! When nature sinks to sleep In peace, to dream Of hopes and loves and bliss. O, Night! thy quiet peace Pervades my restless soul. PHILADELPHIA, PA, March 6, 1893. Rev. W. H. Coston: DEAR BROTHER: - Allow me to express the high appreciation I have for RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL OF FASHION. It is in every sense a most creditable publication, reflecting very great credit upon the race. Convey to the madam this my appreciation of her noble work and of the noble women helping her. Assure her that any word I can say or act I can do in its interest will be only too gladly performed. May the circulation of RINGWOOD'S increase until it shall be found on the tables of all our households and shall have completely driven out less worthy white publications. God bless you. Vale. BENJ. TUCKER TANNER. Rev. R. L. Beale, of Hannibal, Mo., says: "RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL must live for the good of the race in general." Mrs. S. I. Shorter says: "I willingly take shares." Mrs. Mary C. Terrell says: "It is a captial idea." Victoria Earle: "I am well pleased and will be pleased to take shares." AN ETHNOLOGIST'S INJUSTICE OR IGNORANCE. (Written especially for RINGWOOD'S JOURNAL.) If required to choose a totem beast for the majority of wise men who deliver learned lectures on the vices and virtues (the latter rarely) of the negro, I should immediately select the goose. This bird, which has served as a synonym for the silliness and stupidity 6 THE COLORED AMER KATE KIRK TALKS [* Mary C Terrell*] HOW POOR STUDENTS WORK THEIR WAY THROUGH COLLEGE. Remarkable Career of a Young Man Who Entered Harvard in Debt and Graduated With Money in His Pocket. Poverty is no barrier to a college education in any first-class institution of this country. Young men who are earnest, conscientious students find little difficulty in working their was through the course and graduate almost without exception with high honors. Add to the various aids, scholarships, beneficiary funds and loans for the use of worthy students requiring assistance in most of the large colleges, just a little business tact, and the problem of completing a college course without money is solved. The popular impression is that a young man of slender material resources can pull through a small institution better than a large one. The facts in the case do not accord with this theory for obvious reasons. As a rule, the larger and more renowned the college, the more numerous are its financial aids to students. No young man possessed of ordinary ability and determination of purpose, can fail to complete a college course at Harvard University, provided he is thrifty and ambitious of success. Harvard is not a rich, but a poor man's college, as the testimony of self-supporting students will prove. The necessary expenses have been reduced to the minimum. A few years ago board was $4.17 per week. Now in the Foxcroft and other clubs, organized by and for the benefit of students, good board may be secured for the small sum of $2.50 a week. The Loan Furniture Association, also organized and conducted by students, rents a complete set of room furniture, including china, for $5.00 a year. As the expenses have decreased, so the opportunities of earning money have increased. Through the Employment Bureau, lately established, needy students are able to secure remunerative employment with little difficulty or anxiety on their part. help from undergraduates is in constant demand, so that none of the two hundred whose names are on the list, and whose desire to get work is sincere, fail to find opportunities of making money. Students who worked their way through Harvard were recently requested to prepare a statement of necessary expenditures during their residence at the University. As a rule these men had conspicuously high grades, and three-quarters of the whole have taken or will take degrees cum laude. many of them took active part in athletic sports, and found time to enjoy, other forms of undergraduate life. Boston offers many inducements to the student in the way of lectures, the best of classical music, first- class theatres and other means of development and education from which both profit and pleasure may be derived. Some of the young men earn money by tutoring, typewriting, waiting on table, teaching night school, singing, copying, posting bills, and by engaging in various business enterprises . A few needy, worthy students are considerably helped by the Price Greenleaf Aid on entering the Univeristy. It is possible to secure $250 from this fund the first year. the application must be strongly recommended by the college, academy or school with which he has been connected, and must see that his application is in the hands of the college secretary by the first of May. A needy student whose record and recommendations are satisfactory will have no difficulty in securing $250 after passing the entrance examinations prior to becoming a member of the University. As figures are conclusive evidence, and the words of the students themselves carry most weight and conviction, a few extracts from their letters explaining the how and wherefore will be given. A student entirely self-supporting, relates how he completed the classical course at Harvard, to which he had come with an empty purse: "When I entered the University in September of my Freshman year, I had less than $20. During the course of my first year I found that I could not pay my expenses, and consequently the faculty raised my grant of Price Greenleaf Aid to $250. In my Sophomore, Junior and this (my Senior) year I have been awarded scholarships of $300. My teachers and the college officers have kindly thrown into my hands many opportunities of making money." One young man who by waiting on table for his board was able to reduce his expenses to $283, writes as follows: "Harvard is the best place for the poor student to come to. The chief advantage to the poor man is not that expenses are so low, but that there are such varied ways to pay those expenses. The college has granted me scholarships and other aids. A good scholar can always get sufficient from the college to at least pay his tuition." One might cite a score of testimonials certifying to the ease and certainty with which assistance in the shape of work or grants from the college may be secured. One of the most interesting and remarkable college careers on record may be ascribed to the student who entered Harvard with a debt of $115.56, and graduated from college with $266.70. Having paid $225, borrowed from the me. During the summer I worked as porter in a summer hotel. I strained myself badly, but cleared $110. I entered my Sophomore year $91.77 in debt. During his Sophomore year, in addition to his necessary expenses, amounting, in all, to $361.54, he spent $151.60 on athletics, theater, unnecessary books, subscription to college sports, charity, and other interests, so that his total expense for the year was $513.14. From the loan and auxiliary funds, by taking sheep's brains from skulls for experiments in psychology, by publishing notes, waiting on table, by typewriting, doing outside jobs, such as posting bills and copying, by clerking in a summer hotel during vacation, when he cleared $158.04, he earned $503.52. The total expenditure was $513.14 during his sophomore year, and, as the total receipts were $503.52, he increased his debt $9.62, so that he entered his junior year $101.39 in debt. During his junior year a scholarship, the funds, odd jobs, publishing placards, an advertising scheme, tutoring, typewriting, waiting on table, and clerking in a hotel during summer vacation, brought him in $790.03. In addition to his necessary expenditures, amounting to $395.14, he bought a typewriter for which he paid $100, contributed towards the expense of other fellows poorer than himself, and spent $85.60 for incidentals, so that the total output was $680.74. As his total receipts exceeded the total expenditure for the Junior by $109.39 and had $7.80 with which to begin his Senior year. During his Senior year he earned $439.90 tutoring, $107.43 typewriting, $225 by publishing books, and by doing various odd jobs found himself in the possession of $1,021.21 at the end of the year. His necessary expenses only amounted to $462.80, but he hires a piano during the year, added many books to his library, contributed $150.00 to other students' expenses, so that he spent $862.40. He thus saved $258.80 during his Senior year, and graduated from college with $266.70. After paying $225, which he owed the College Loan Fund, he was not only out of debt, but, as has been stated above, was $41.70 ahead. He had bought a typewriter, increased his library over three hundred volumes, bought many useful articles, taken part in many branches of college life and work-social, moral, athletic, literary and religious. he played on one 'Varsity team, and on his class team in another sport. he found work for other fellows, and would have made a good salary if he had been able to do all that came his way. He graduated cum laude, and had honorable mention in one study. his health was poor on entering college, but he was stronger and better when he graduated than he had been for ten years previous. He says: "I have no hesitation in saying that an economical student, taking advantage of the college helps (library, Loan Furniture Association, Foxcroft Club, and the Young Men's Christian Association aid in receiving cheap and desirable rooms) can get through honorably and happily for $300 a year." In view of the above facts, no young man desiring to secure a thorough education in one of the finest institutions in the land, need despair, no matter how poor he may be. If he is only willing to put his should to the wheel, is fearfully earnest, and combines thrift with just a suspicion of business tact, his success is assured. Color of the skin is no barrier to success at Harvard, so that all have an equal and fair chance at winning laurels. ...is thrifty and ambitious of success. Harvard is not a rich, but a poor man's college, as the testimony of self-supporting students will prove. The necessary expenses have been reduced to the minimum. A few years ago board was $4.17 per week. Now, in the Foxcroft and other clubs, organized by and for the benefit of students, good board may be secured for the small sum of $2.50 a week. The Loan Furniture Association, also organized and conducted by students, rents a complete set of room furniture, including china, for $5.00 a year, As the expenses have decreased, so the opportunities of earning money have increased. Through the Employment Bureau, lately established, needy students are able to secure remunerative employment with little difficulty or anxiety on their part. Help from undergraduates is in constant demand, so that none of the two hundred whose names are on the list, and whose desire to get work is sincere, fail to find opportunities of making money. Students who worked their way through Harvard were recently requested to prepare a statement of necessary expenditures during their residence at the University. As a rule these men had conspicuously high grades, and three-quarters of the whole have taken or will take degrees cum laude. Many of them took active part in athletic sports, and found time to enjoy the other forms of undergraduate life. Boston offers many inducements to the student in the way of lectures, the best of classical music, first-class theatres and other means of development and education from which both profit and pleasure may be derived. Some of the young men earn money by tutoring, typewriting, waiting on table, teaching night school, singing, copying, posting bills, and by engaging in various business enterprises. A few needy, worthy students are considerably helped by the Price Greenleaf Aid on entering the University. It is possible to secure $250 from this fund the first year. The applicant must be strongly recommended by the college, academy or school with which he has been connected, and must see that his application is in the hands of the college secretary by the first of May. A needy student whose record and recommendations are satisfactory will have no difficulty in securing $250 after passing the entrance examinations prior to becoming a member of the University. As figures are conclusive evidence, and the words of the students themselves carry most weight and conviction, a few extracts from their letters explaining the how and wherefore will be given. A student entirely self-supporting, relates how he completed the classical course at Harvard, to which he had come with an empty purse: "When I entered the University in September of my Freshman year, I had less than $20. During the course of my first year I found that I could not pay my expenses, and consequently the faculty raised my grant of Price Greenleaf Aid to $250. In my Sophomore, Junior and this (my Senior) year I have been awarded scholarships of $300. My teachers and the college officers have kindly thrown into my hands many opportunities of making money." One young man who by waiting on table for his board was able to reduce his expenses to $283, writes as follows: "Harvard is the best place for the poor student to come to. The chief advantage to the poor man is not that expenses are so low, but that there are such varied ways to pay those expenses. The college has granted me scholarships and other aids. A good scholar can always get sufficient from the college to at least pay his tuition." One might cite a score of testimonials certifying to the ease and certainty with which assistance in the shape of work or grants from the college may be secured. One of the most interesting and remarkable college careers on record may be ascribed to the student who entered Harvard with a debt of $115.56 and graduated from college with $266.70. Having paid $225, borrowed from the college loan fund, he was not only out of debt, but was actually $41.70 ahead. Let him describe his introduction to Harvard: "I entered Harvard College with so poor a record that I received the maximum number of conditions. Professor Briggs afterwards told me that I passed so poor an examination in nearly everything that I was admitted because I came from a new school and was recommended as a faithful student. I had to take extra work, and I found the regular course quite sufficient. I had to rely wholly on myself to meet the expenses of my course in what many told me was a 'rich man's college.'" He entered Cambridge a stranger, and was $115.56 in debt. As he could not draw the Price Greenleaf Aid, awarded him, till Christmas, and as he had spent all but nine cents the first day of his sojourn in Cambridge, he was obliged to pawn his watch and a few other things in order to buy books with which to begin work. During his Freshman year the receipts were as follows: Price Greenleaf Aid, $250; pawned watch, $15.50; typewriting, $11.46; books sold,$7.50; tutoring, $1.60: thus, amounting in all to $346. His expenditures were as follows: tuition, $150; room (heated and furnished)$50; lights, $5.10; books, $21.21; clothes, $15.00; board, $140. In addition to these necessary expenses, he spent $38.90 for sundries, so that his debt at the end of the first year was $94.21. "part of this year I was very poor," he says. "my washing I did myself. About mid-year I was so short of money that for nearly two months I ate but one or two meals a day. This was the hardest period of my course, but rather incited than discouraged.... ...of the year. His necessary expenses amounted to $462.80, but he hired a piano during the year, added many books to his library, contributed $150.00 to other student's expenses, so that he spent $862.40. He thus saved $258.80 during his Senior year, and graduated from college with $266.70. After paying $225, which he owed the College Loan Fund, he was not only out of debt, but, as has been stated above, was $41.70 ahead. He had bought a typewriter, increased his library over three hundred volumes, bought many useful articles, taken part in many branches of college life and work- social, moral, athletic, literary and religious. He played on one 'Varsity team, and on his class team in another sport. He found work for other fellows, and would have made a good salary if he had been able to do all that came in his way. He graduated cum laude, and had honorable mention in one study. His health was poor on entering college, but he was stronger and better when he graduated than he had been for ten years previous. He says; "I have no hesitation in saying that an economical student, taking advantage of the college helps (library, Loan Furniture Association, Foxcroft Club, and the Young Men's Christian Association aid in receiving cheap and desirable rooms) can get through honorably and happily for $300 a year." In view of the above facts, no young man desiring to secure a thorough education in one of the finest institutions in the land, need despair, no matter how poor he may be. If he is only willing to put his shoulder to the wheel, is fearfully in earnest, and combines thrift with just a suspicion of business tact, his success is assured. Color of the skin is no barrier to success at Harvard, so thatall have an equal and fair chance at winning laurels. D.C., May 27, 1893. 5 training she will make her, mark in the musical world. There were refreshments afterwards. This feature ought to be omitted hereafter. The schools ought not to compete with the restaurants. It is not in harmony with the entertainment. voice to the number of men under his command, nor sufficiently mark the difference between the commands of preparation and execution. Frequently, in the drill by numbers, hands left the pieces before the count was given by the officer. The position of the feet at parade rest was simply disgraceful, not more than three men in the whole platoon doing anything like what is provided in tactics. One man talked to his comrade, one man extended his thumb along the barrel of his piece at charge bayonets, and two at port. Some opened chambers with forefinger; one grasped his piece below the balance at first movement of right shoulder. Aiming and firing were not excellent. One did not bring his hammer to the safety notch, after closing chambers. These errors were not general, as is apparent, but in the aggregate, counted distinctly against the platoon. SECOND PLATOON. The chief came in upon the wrong side of the sergeant. The platoon was not in proper step with the music, although in proper time. The general appearance at inspection was better than the first platoon, but still open to the same criticisms. Every cartridge box was unfastened. The same fault was apparent in position of feet at parade rest. The firing at will was very poor. In stacking arms, on stack, though properly made, had the rear man's piece thrown too far to the front, and would not stand, making a perceptible delay in the drill. One man turned his head and followed the inspecting officer with his eyes and with a smile on his face. In open ranks, the third sergeant looked straight to the front instead of dressing to the right. One man did not have the toe of his piece between the fingers required in going to right shoulder. To men, at cease firing, left their hammers down instead of at safety notch. Two men had hands below balance in first motion going to right shoulder. The boys of this platoon handled their pieces with more snap than the first. Their "stopping" was excellent, and general execution of the manual admirable. I call attention to these little details purely in the interest of the class, and the trust they will use them to their profit. With teams so closely matched, another contest would as likely as not result in a fairly earned reversal of this fairly rendered verdict, and again, might not. Little points turn the scale in such a contest as was this, when even the judges could not tell who was ahead until the last figure was added up on their marking sheets. Congratulating the instructor, Capt. Brooks, for the excellence of his training, the boys for their intelligence and attention thereto, and yourself, to whose persistent efforts is due the fact that the company has its existence to-day, I remain, Very respectfully, For the Judges, C.A. FLEETWOOD, Major and Chairman. Judges: MAJOR C.A. FLEETWOOD, CHAIRMAN. LIEUT. E.L. WEBSTER. LIEUT. W.W. HALL. Cook's Balm of Life Cures Dyspepsia. SPECIAL NOTICES. A GRAND SOIREE will be given at Lincoln Memorial Church on Friday evening, June 2, 1893, by pupils of Mrs. Alice Shanon Davis. It will be well worth the attention of the music-loving public to observe the performance of Misses Mille Gibbs, Blennie Bruce, Mary E. Tilghman, Lula C. Messer, Anna Wilder, Julia Alston, Janie Page, Alice Russell, and Mary Ferguson. Nellie Datchu, Jacob Combs, Miss Roberta Scott, Walter Ryder, Jacob Holland, and several little girls will also participate. Among the great masters from whom selections will be taken are Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Raff, and Verdi. Admission, 15 cents. The following week a grand musicale will be given in Baltimore by pupils residing in that city. A GRAND SOIREE.- The pupils of Mrs. Alice Strange Davis will give a GRAND SOIREE at Lincoln Memorial Church on Friday Evening, June 2d, 1893. It will be well worth the attention of the music-loving public to observe the performance of Misses Millie Gibbs, Blennie Bruce, Mary E. Tilgham, Lula Messer, Anna Wilder, Julia Alston, Janie Page, Alice Russell, Mary Ferguson, and Nellie Datcher. Mr. Jacob Combs, Miss Nellie Scott, Mr. Walter Ryder, Jacob Holland, and several little girls will also participate. Among the great masters from which selections will be made are Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Raff, and Verdi. Admission, 15 cents. The following week as GRAND MUSICALE will be given in Baltimore by the pupils residing in that city. THE CANTATA which was given at St. Luke's Church Fifteenth and Madison streets, May 1st, will be repeated about the first week in June. All who did not have a chance to hear it can do so at that time. It is worth a liberal patronage. DECORATION DAY.- First Grand Entertainment of the season by John F. Cook Lodge No. 1185, G.U.O. of O., at new Odd Fellows' Hall, M street, between Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets northwest, on Decoration Day, Tuesday, May 30, at which time the District Grand Lodge, No. 20, the Subordinate, the Household of Ruth, and the public in general are respectfully invited to be present. Admission, 25 cents. D.S. johnson, N.G.; G.W. Parker, P.S. J.R. COOPER- Ladies and Gents' Dining Parlor; confectioneries, cigars and tobacco. Oysters in all styles. 221 C street southwest. BOARDING AND LODGING.- Will furnish first-class board by the day, week, or meals. Furnished rooms on short notice. Rates moderate. Apply to Mrs. Lillie Bush, 454 Washington street northwest. FOR SALE.- DO YOU WANT A HOME? An investment. Six Room and Bath, Corner brick going to a quick purchaser at low figure. Paved streets. N.E. $100 cash required. Address, "Wilson," care AMERICAN. TAYLOR CYCLE CO., F.J. Smith, proprietor. Riding School in the rear. Renting and repairing. 441 G St., N.W., opp. U.S. Pension Office, Washington, D.C. MME. FRANCIS, the greatest world traveled card-reader and trance medium of the age; gives life from cradle to grave, removes evil influences and gives luck to all. Hours, 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. 226 Maryland Ave., N.E. Herdics pass the door. NEW AND FIRST-CLASS.- The Welcome Hotel, 340 Pennsylvania ave. Every room neatly furnished, board furnished by day or week, meals in restaurant department served at any hour. We cordially invite the public. J.A. PECK, Proprietor. SUMMER CLASSES.-Mrs. Davis' Summer Classes are now forming-piano and vocal culture. Mrs. Davis has the highest recommendations from those under whom she has studied, including Bischoff, Waldecker, and Bermeister, in instrumental, and Dr. Kimball, Madame Selika, and Bischoff in vocal. DR. ROSETTE has removed from 1535 Sixth street to 411 K street northwest, between Fourth and Fifth. GO TO STAR GALLERY for tin-types and cabinets-cheapest in town-459 Pennsylvania avenue. Children a specialty. Open Sunday. MADAME ABRHAM'S Pool Room, 919 D street northwest. Open all the year round. All are invited. HENRY H. KELLY, PHARMACIST, 1543 M St., N.W. Pure Drugs and Chemicals. Toilet and Fancy Articles. Coolest and best soda in the city. Physicians Prescriptions a Specialty. THOMAS H. WRIGHT, Book and Job Printer, No. 13 L St., N.W. Fine Work. Low Prices. Estimates Furnished. Satisfaction Guaranteed. A JAPANESE TEA AND BUBBLE PARTY at Odd Fellows' Hall, Sixteenth and M streets, northwest, on Monday evening, May 29, 1893, by the Ladies Guild of St. Mary's P. E. Chapel. A novel and interesting entertainment. Mr. W.R Davis, our talented young tragedian, will recite, and excellent music will be furnished. Tickets twnty-five ceents. 2t. WALTER LOVE, RESTAURANT, Meals at all Hours, Lodging at Reasonable Rates, 328 New Jersey Avenue, N.W. GROUNDS FOR PICNICS. MADRES' PARK.- Madres' Park is situated on the Eckington and Soldier's Home Electric Road- a ride of only 12 minutes. Magnificent grounds for pic-nics, private parties, Sunday School pic-nics, etc. Plenty of shade, water, and grounds for base-ball, croquet and out-of- door games. For further particulars, call on or address, M.M. Madres, Eckington, D.C. This park can be reached from any part of the city by taking any street car and [?] ...to right shoulder. Two men, at cease firing, left their hammers down instead of at safety notch. Two men had hands below balance in first motion going to right shoulder. The boys of this platoon handled their pieces with more snap than the first. Their "stopping" was excellent, and general execution of the manual admirable. I call attention to these little details purely in the interest of the class, and trust they will use them to their profit. With teams so closely matched, another contest would as likely as not result in a fairly earned reversal of this fairly rendered verdict, and again, might not. Little points turn the scale in such a contest as was this, when even the judges could not tell who was ahead until the last figure was added up on their marking sheets. Congratulating their instructor, Capt. Brooks, for the excellence of his training, the boys for their intelligence and attention thereto, and yourself, to whose persistent efforts is due the fact that the company had its existence to-day, I remain, Very respectfully, For the Judges, C. A. Fleetwood, Major and Chairman Judges: Major C.A. Fleetwood, Chairman Lieut. E. L. Webster Lieut. W. W. Hall Cook's Balm of Life Cures Dyspepsia DECORATION DAY.- First Grand Entertainment of the season by John F. Cook Lodge No. 1185, G. U. O. of O., at new Odd Fellows' Hall, M street, between Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets northwest, on Decoration Day, Tuesday, May 30, at which time the District Grand Lodge, No. 20, the Subordinate, the Household of Ruth, and the public in general are respectfully invited to be present. Admission, 25 cents. D. S. Johnson, N.G.; G.W. Parker, P. S. J. R. COOPER- Ladies and Gents' Dining Parlor; confectioneries, cigars, and tobacco. Oysters in all styles. 221 C street southwest. BOARDING AND LODGING- Will furnish first-class board by the day, week, or meals. Furnished rooms on short notice. Rates moderate. Apply to Mrs. Lillie Bush, 454 Washington street northwest. FOR SALE- DO YOU WANT A HOME? An investment. Six Room and Bath, Corner brick going to a quick purchaser at low figure. Paved streets. N. E. $100 cash required. Address, "Wilson," care American. TAYLOR CYCLE CO.,F.J. Smith, proprietor. Riding school in the rear. Renting and repairing. 441 G Sr., N.W., opp. U. S. Pension Office, Washington, D.C. MME. FRANCIS, the greatest world traveled card-reader and trance medium of the age; gives life from cradle to grave, removes evil influences and gives luck to all. Hours, 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. 226 Maryland Ave., N.E. Herdics pass the door. NEW AND FIRST-CLASS--The Welcome Hotel, 340 Pennsylvania ave. Every room neatly furnished, board furnished by day or week, meals in restaurant department served at any hour. We cordially invite the public. J.A. Peck, Proprietor. SUMMER CLASSES.--Mrs. Davis' Summer Classes are now forming--piano and vocal culture. Mrs. Davis has the highest recommendations from those under whom she has studied, including Bischoff, Waldecker, and Bermeister, in instrumental, and Dr. Kimball, Madame Selika, and Bischoff in vocal. DR. ROSETTE has removed from 1535 Sixth street to 411 K street northwest, between Fourth and Fifth. GO TO STAR GALLERY for tin-types and cabinets--cheapest in town---459 Pennsylvania avenue. Children a specialty. Open Sunday. MADAME ABRAHAM'S Pool Room, 919 D street northwest. Open all the year round. All are invited. HENRY H. KELLY, PHARMACIST, 1543 M St., N.W. Pure Drugs and Chemicals. Toilet and Fancy Articles. Coolest and best Soda in the city. Physicians Prescriptions a Specialty. THOMAS H. WRIGHT, Book and Job Printer, No.13 L St., N. W. Fine Work. Low Prices. Estimates Furnished. Satisfaction Guaranteed. A JAPANESE TEA AND BUBBLE PARTY at Odd Fellows' Hall, Sixteenth and M streets, northwest, on Monday evening, May 29, 1893, by the Ladies Guild of St. Mary's P.E. Chapel. A novel and interesting entertainment. Mr. W. R. Davis, our talented young tragedian, will recite, and excellent music will be furnished. Tickets twenty-five cents. 2t WALTER LOVE, RESTAURANT, Meals at all Hours, Lodging at Reasonable Rates, 328 New Jersey Avenue, N. W. GROUNDS FOR PICNICS MADRES' PARK---Madres' Park is situated on the Eckington and Soldiers' Home Electric road--a ride of only 12 minutes. Magnificent grounds for pic-nics, private parties, Sunday School pic-nics, etc. Plenty of shade, water, and grounds for base-ball, croquet and out-of-door games. For further particulars, call on or address, M.M. Madres, Eckington, D. C. This park can be reached from any part of the city by taking any street-car and transferring. FOR RENT. FOR RENT--3 or 4 furnished or unfurnished rooms, nicely situated, with kitchen and modern conveniences. Terms reasonable. Apply or address, Mrs. Carrie Brooks, 1739 Seaton street, N. W. WANTS WANTED--500 School boys to sell The Colored American every Saturday. WANTED--Ministers to bring their Church notices to The Colored American. WANTED--Two communicating rooms, on second floor, with board, for gentleman and wife, permanent if suited. Address, "A. B.," 1218 M street, N. W., care of Mrs. E. Polkety. BOARDING HOUSES MRS. M. SMITH, 304 E Street, S.W. Board and Lodging, Day, Week or Month. Satisfaction guaranteed. BOARDING AND LODGING by the day, week, or meal. Rates reasonable. Mrs. Wm. Carter, 338 Indiana avenue, northwest. Cook's Balm of Life Will Cure Salt Rheum Cook's Balm of Life Will Cure Old Sores Cook's Balm of Life Will Stop Healthy Hair Falling [*Mrs. Mary Church Terrell.*] Erican, WASHINGTON, D.C., JUNE 3, 1893. KATE KIRK TALKS. Why There is No Danger of Cholera. How to Be on the Safe Side and What to do if It Comes. We are all to be vaccinated, if the cholera tried to intrude itself upon us next summer; so there is no real cause for alarm. The scientists have been boarding, lodging and catering to the taste of Asiatic cholera germs all winter. They have tried to enlighten themselves upon the customs and habits of the bacilli and incidentally to discover their weak points, if this little monster, which is no larger than a pin head after it is magnified a thousand times its real size, possesses any. An intimate acquaintance with this little microbe has been most extensively cultivated in our very midst, for the laboratories of Washington fairly teem with bacilli farms which the initiated call "cholera cultures." Thanks to the poor little rabbits and guinea pigs which have been martyrs to the cause, the scientists have made many important discoveries as to the nature and treatment of cholera. Some claim to have discovered a cholera vaccine virus, others promise that it soon will be, if it has not already been found. But, to make assurance doubly sure, it will do no harm to consider how we may arm ourselves against the dreaded foe. There is nothing so inviting to a genuine cholera germ as a diseased stomach, one whose gastric juice is generally out of gear. Bacilli tremble before a sound stomach, for they know that once in its depths, their end has come. A healthy rabbit, guinea pig or any other animal, with one exception, can feast upon cholera germs without experiencing the slightest inconvenience, or suffering the least harm. It is claimed by some that the monkey alone in a normal condition will succumb to the contagion. this fact may be reckoned by Darwinians as another evidence and proof of their theory. In order to inoculate a healthy animal, the stomach must be disorganized and disarmed by injecting opium to paralyze the machinery and giving an alkali to neutralize the gastric juice, and then the germ begins its deadly work. During the great cholera epidemic at Florence, which was almost depopulated by the plague, it was observed that some who were more exposed to contagion than others, who were attacked by the disease. escaped entirely. the mystery is easily explained to-day. Those whom the plague had no power to hurst or harm were blessed with sound, healthy stomachs whose intestinal appointments were in apple-pie order. Since a healthy stomach is a sure weapon of defence, duty to one's self and family becomes clear. Excesses of diet and work should be religiously avoided. A wide berth should be given to stimulants and narcotics. Dissipation must occupy no part in the summer's program, however strong the temptation and flattering the allurement. Idleness will be a cardinal virtue, and excessive physical of mental exertion an unpardonable sin, if there be any reason for apprehending an epidemic of cholera. But, as stated above, the man or woman whose system is in a good condition has little to fear, even if the Asiatic bacilli succeed in locating here. The cholera germ is a delicate little creature, which can stand neither excessive heat nor cold, and which cannot live longer than twenty-four hours without moisture. This relieves us from the fear of contracting the disease by breathing the out, but it is never more truly a virtue than when we are stared in the face by cholera, which is sometimes called a filth disease. Every nook and corner of dwellings, outhouses, and grounds should be thoroughly cleansed. Rubbish and garbage, which, under warm rays of the sun, is such a prolific breeder of disease, should be immediately burnt or removed. garbage pails should be of tin, or zinc, not wood and should, of course, be provided with covers. They should be treated to a sun and shower bath daily, and well sprinkled with some good disinfectant, if they are not to be catalogued as public nuisances. By dissolving a pint of coperas in a gallon of water, to which an equal quantity of lime has been added, a disinfectant is prepares which is both effective and inexpensive, since twenty-five cents worth of coperas will last the entire summer. Pans of this mixture should be placed about wherever prudence dictates, and the walls and cellars should be frequently washed with it, so as to keep them sweet and clean. Dr. Cyrus Edson, of the New York Board of Health, insists upon the necessity of disinfecting the sinks in the bath-rooms, kitchens, and all standing basins at least once a day. There are many powerful disinfectants on the market, which are odorless deodorizers, and warranted not to stain. Platt's Chlorides and the King of Germ Killers are said to be among the best. During an epidemic of disease among the children in several of the hospitals of this city a few summers ago the Hospital of Foundlings was disinfected with the King of Germ Killers, and the epidemic was checked. Miss Louise Smith, secretary of the executive committee, has written a testimonial certifying its efficacy and value. Frequent baths are safeguards against cholera and other germ diseases. The impurities and the microbes which are expelled through perspiration should not be allowed to remain on the surface of the skin, so that they may be thoroughly rubbed. Eminent physicians claim that flannel, however light, should be worn next the skin even in the hottest weather. It keeps the body warm, the circulation perfect and absorbs the perspiration. Al flannel bandage at least should be worn over the bowels. But should symptoms of cholera appear, soak the patient's feet in hot water and mustard, put him to bed immediately and surround him with hot-water bags. Mustard plasters made with hot water and placed upon the sole of each foot, the back of the neck, each wrist and the stomach are directions given by the best physicians. A bottle of camphor should always be in the medicine chest, and especially when there is danger of a cholera epidemic, for five drops of this liquid in a small glass of brandy are said to be the best medicine to give until the arrival of a physician. The "Sun" mixture, published officially in New York during a cholera epidemic, is a standard effective remedy, which may be bought cheap at any drug store in the country. If the scourge should maintain a foothold on our shores this summer, people should go to the mountains for safety, as did the Florentine in the days of Boccaccio. Harper's Ferry would be a safe retreat. Finally, let us remember the reply made by the Plague when accused of having depopulated a city, "I slew one-third of the inhabitants," said he, "and Fear killed all the rest. KATE KIRK There is nothing so inviting to a genuine cholera germ as a diseased stomach, one whose gastric juice is unhealthy or whose intestinal machinery is generally out of gear. Bacilli tremble before a sound stomach, for they know that once in its depths, their end has come. A healthy rabbit, guinea pig or any other animal, with one exception, can feast upon cholera germs without experiencing the slightest inconvenience, or suffering the least harm. It is claimed by some that the monkey alone in a normal condition will succumb to the contagion. This fact may be reckoned by Darwinians as another evidence and proof of their theory. In order to inoculate a healthy animal, the stomach must be disorganized and disarmed by injecting opium to paralyze the machinery and giving an alkali to neutralize the gastric juice, and then the germ begins its deadly work. During the great cholera epidemic at Florence, which was almost depopulated by the plague, it was observed that some who were more exposed to contagion than others, who were attacked by the disease, escaped entirely. The mystery is easily explained to-day. Those whom the plague had no power to hurt or harm were blessed with sound, healthy stomachs whose intestinal appointments were in apple-pie order. Since a healthy stomach is a sure weapon of defence, duty to one's self and family becomes clear. Excesses of diet and work should be religiously avoided. A wide berth should be given to stimulants and narcotics. Dissipation must occupy no part in the summer's program, however strong the temptation and flattering the allurement. Idleness will be a cardinal virtue, and excessive physical or mental exertion an unpardonable sin, if there be any reason for apprehending an epidemic of cholera. But, as stated above, the man or woman whose system is in a good condition has little to fear, even if the Asiatic bacilli succeed in locating here. The cholera germ is a delicate little creature, which can stand neither excessive heat nor cold, and which cannot live longer than twenty-four hours without moisture. This relieves us from the fear of contracting the disease by breathing the germs in the air, for the dry carcases floating in the atmosphere are dead and harmless. For a positive proof of this fact humanity is indebted to scientists who experimented for years before it was with certainty established, and yet the discovery is neither grasped nor appreciated by the popular mind. Water and food are the principal aids-de- camp among the forces of the enemy. "The more we learn of the origin, cause, or essential nature of cholera," says an eminent physician, "the more we are lead to the conviction that it is a poison, which is distributed chiefly through the agency of drinking water." This fact was conclusively proved during two cholera epidemics in London. The mortality among those drinking impure water was three times greater than that among those who were blessed with a pure water supply. It behooves us then to see that the water we drink is pure. This important precaution can be taken at the sacrifice of but little pains and time. Water well boiled is free from the poison and pollution so hostile to health and happiness. the wise, benevolent housekeeper will see to it that the drinking water of her family is well boiled when an epidemic of cholera, typhoid fever, or any other disease is apprehended. The water must not be overcooked and allowed to stand too long in the vessel in which it has been boiled. It should be taken from the fire immediately after boiling, poured into earthware to cool, then bottled, tightly corked, and placed upon ice. Too much stress cannot be laid upon the necessity of preparing a fresh supply every twelve hours, otherwise animalculae are developed and the water is rendered as objectionable as it was in its natural state. Filters may be easily improvised by tying round pieces of thick white flannel filled with lumps of charcoal over every faucet in the house. Sensible men and women will insist upon drinking boiled water or such mineral water as may be agreeable. Pure ice is as essential and imperative as pure water. Some germs are proof against cold and hybernate in the ice. It has been demonstrated that typhoid bacilli can remain alive for a long period when frozen solidly in a block of ice. The natural, reasonable inference is that impure water makes impure ice. Since most housekeepers are unable to ascertain where the ice has been cut, they are advised to array themselves on the safe and certain side by purchasing nothing but hygienic ice. The best, transparent article is made from distilled water and can be secured in our own and all other cities of any size or importance. Physicians unite in declaring that hygienic ice possesses many advantages over the natural product under all circumstances, but how much more is this true, when there is danger or even a possibility of an epidemic. Milk is also an effective agency in creating and carrying disease. This is an unwelcome fact and an unpleasant reflection for a precious army of "infantry" and a host of elderly reserves who extract both nourishment and solid comfort from the succulent fluid. Sporadic outbreaks of diphtheria, cholera morbus, and other remedies have often been charged to the account of this necessary and apparently harmless beverage. But it is in our power to reduce to the minimum the dangers and risks arising from the consumption of milk. In the first place, it should be procured only from reliable sources, where the purest article possible in a city may be obtained. Careful housewives will fortify themselves still further by boiling milk which dealers call pure. While the food of the household should be carefully regulated, it should neither be so limited nor so monotonous as to disgust the appetite and thus impair the health. Vegetables that are properly cooked, so far from being proscribed, are recommended by authorities on the subject, so as to obviate the monotony which their absence from the table entails. Cleanliness is next to godliness in season and and other germ diseases. The impurities and the microbes which are expelled through perspiration should not be allowed to remain on the surface of the skin, so that they may be reabsorbed. The garments should be frequently changed, and the body should be thoroughly rubbed. Eminent physicians claim that flannel, however light, should be worn next the skin even in the hottest weather. It keeps the body warm, the circulation perfect and absorbs the perspiration. A flannel bandage at least should be worn over the bowels. But should symptoms of cholera appear, soak the patient's feet in hot water and mustard, put him to bed immediately and surround him with hot-water bags. Mustard plasters made with hot water and placed upon the sole of each foot, the back of the neck, each wrist and the stomach are directions given by the best physicians. A bottle of camphor should always be in the medicine chest, and especially when there is danger of a cholera epidemic, for five drops of this liquid in a small glass of brandy are said to be the best medicine to give until the arrival of a physician. The "Sun" mixture, published officially in New York during a cholera epidemic, is a standard effective remedy, which may be bought at any drug store in the country. If the scourge should maintain a foothold on our shores this summer, people should go to the mountains for safety, as did the Florentine in the days of Boccaccio. Harper's Ferry would be a safe retreat. Finally, let us remember the reply made by the Plague when accused of having depopulated a city, "I slew one-third of the inhabitants," said he, "and Fear killed all the rest. KATE KIRK. THE COLORED AMERICAN, WASHINGTON, Jess- Certainly, you can cure me completely. Frank-How? Jess- Keep out of my sight. It is sincerely regretted: That it rained Monday. That the coaching party fell through. That there is anger among the Negro Democrats. That Capt. Kelley's whist club can't beat Messrs. Hastie, Andrews and company. That more people were not out to the concert given for the Home for Friendless Girls. A popular loan- cologne. THE IDLER. HILLSDALE (D.C.) NEWS. MR. J.A. Moss is making an addition to his fine dwelling. Rev. Nelson occupied the pulpit at Bethelem last Sunday, in the absence of the pastor, Rev. Matthews. Mr. Jas. H. Stewart, who has been spending a few days at home, has returned to his school work in the country. As anticipated, the May Entertainment at Bethlehem, was largely attended and greatly enjoyed. This Sunday School, under the supervision of Mr. C.A. Davis, is one to be proud of. THE PUBLIC SCHOOL Erected and Taught by Professor Wm. B. Weaver in Cappahosic, Va. We are pleased to record that Mr. George, a young postman, is building a fine residence in Hillsdale. That's right; come over and enjoy the fresh air of this delightful suburb. We are glad to note that Miss Jennie Simpson has so far improved in health as to make her return to her store a matter of a few days only. HOUSEWARMING AND BANQUET. (Continued from First page.) Prof. Hart spoke [?] without notes an concluded as follows: It might not be uninteresting at th[?] examine for a moment the nature of the [?] to of those characters in past and present times whose memory is cherished and whose lives are extolled by mankind. Observation and reason seem to indicate that human effort is fruitful or barren, long sustained by fame or ephemeral and idle, in proportion as its motive and effect contribute to general happiness or purely selfish interests Experience teaches and history confirms the truth that the greatest security of human happiness is liberty; not libertas quidlibet faciendi, which may be either the timidity of the lamb or the ferocity of the tiger, but civil liberty or individual and collective freedom from all restraints upon natural liberty except those imposed by wise and beneficent laws for the public good. This liberty is the idol of the most vigorous stocks of the human race and those who have defined it have accordingly been considered great and learned, as Aristotle, Justinian, Montesquien and Blackstone; those who have warmed the heart and kindled the imagination in describing and applying it powers and virtues, its values and benefits, have been pronounced divinely eloquent, as Demosthenes, Cicereo, Burke and Evarts; and those who have fought it battles and won its victories have become famous heroes, as Leonidas, Hannibal. Toussaint, Garibaldi, John Brown, Grant, Sherman, and Sheridan. The want of civil liberty is regarded as the reproach of ages past and the full enjoyment of it as the most precious heritage destined for the generations to come. "The liberty of the people" is but another expression for the prevalence of statutory laws, devised and framed in wisdom and executed in justice and judgement, which discipline and restrain the strong and protect and support the weak, which renders to each his own, giving life its security, property its value, labor its reward, and society its peace, order, power, prosperity. That especial line of human effort and systematic work must be, then, the most worthy which has for its purpose the establishment of liberty for all the people, and that is the mission of the department to which wee belong and whose usefulness we are met here to-night to celebrate and extend. Whoever, therefore, labors to push outward the boundary and intensify the influence of the principles and practice of liberty is a disciple of truth and a benefactor of this kind, whether his place be that of the sturdy husbandman or of the casual speaker upon the platform or hustings, of the journalist to his few careless readers, or of the clergyman to his few hearers, or whether his genius hath exalted him in importance and power far above all these to become the statesman of his country and to shape its destiny in the forum or the Cabinet of the Senate. Who in providence, then, hath written, highest and brightest and largest by service, his name on the pages of thee history of his day on the promotion of the liberty of his country, and stood oftenest in the breach when grave perils threatened its safety? His should be the chosen name by which our work may be designated and our Inn of Temple nominated, and accordingly we have written in golden letter, just beneath the architrave, across the veery front of our atrium, the words "William M. Evarts Hall." MRS. ALICEE STRANGE DAVIS, Pianist. But, gentlemen, the youth who throng the eastern gateway fo our Law School must be taught that if human happiness depends in a large degree upon civil liberty, liberty itself can not exist without virtue. Character can be developed and maintained in no other way than by denying oneself all desires which reason does not authorize and regulating one's conduct in all things by prudence, fortitude, temperance, justice, and benevolence. Integrity without break or blot and conscience alive and alert-softened by a genial sympathy and sweetened by courteous readiness for service yo others-are the attributes of a virtuous character. What name represents these qualities so deserving of admiration in the friend, the citizen, the patron, and the statesman? Here there must be no error in selecting the courtly That there is anger among the Negro Democrats. That Capt. Kelley's whist club can't beat Messrs. Hastie, Andrews and company. That more people were not out to the concert given for the Home for Friendless Girls. A popular loan--cologne. The Idler HILLSDALE (D.C.) NEWS. Mr. J.A. Moss is making an addition to his fine dwelling. Rev. Nelson occupied the pulpit at Bethelem last Sunday, in the absence of the pastor, Rev. Matthews. Mr. Jas. H. Stewart, who has been spending a few days at home, has returned to his school work in the country. As anticipated, the May Entertainment at Bethlehem, was largely attended and greatly enjoyed. This Sunday School, under the supervision of Mr. C.A. Davis, is one to be proud of. [Here appears an ink drawing of a two story building with around 100 people arranged in front. The caption reads as follows: ] THE PUBLIC SCHOOL Erected and Taught by Professor Wm. B. Weaver in Cappahosic, Va. We are pleased to record that Mr. George, a young postman, is building a fine residence in Hillsdale. That's right; come over and enjoy the fresh air of this delightful suburb. We are glad to note that miss Jennie Simpson has so far improved in health as to make her return to her store a matter of a few days only. of the human race and those who have defined it have accordingly been considered great and learned, as Aristotle, Justinian, Montesquien and Blackstone; those who have warmed the heart and kindled the imagination in describing and applying its powers and virtues, its value and benefits, have been pronounced divinely eloquent, as Demosthenes, Cicero, Burke and Evarts; and those who have fought its battles and won its victories have become famous heroes, as Leonidas, Hannibal, Toussaint, Garibaldi, John Brown, Grant, Sherman and Sheridan. The want of civil liberty is regarded as the reproach of ages past and the full enjoyment of it as the most precious heritage destined for the generations to come. "The liberty of the people" is but another expression for the prevalence of salutary laws, devised and framed in wisdom and executed in justice and judgment, which discipline and restrain the strong, and protect and support the weak, which renders to each his own, giving life its security, property its value, labor its reward, and society its peace, order, power and prosperity. That especial line of human effort and systematic work must be, then, the most worthy which has for its purpose the establishment of liberty for all the people, and that is the mission of the department to which we belong and whose usefulness we are met here to-night to celebrate and extend. Whoever, therefore, labors to push outward the boundary and intensify the influence of the principles and practice of liberty is a disciple of truth and a benefactor of his kind, whether his place be that of the sturdy husbandman or of the casual speaker upon the platform or hustings, of the journalist to his few careless readers, or of the clergyman to his few hearers, or whether his genius hath exalted him in importance and power far above all these to become a statesman of his country and to shape its destiny in the forum or the Cabinet or the Senate. Who in providence, then, hath written, highest and brightest and largest by service, his name on the pages of the history of his day in the promotion of the liberty of his country, and stood oftenest in the breach when grave perils threatened its safety? His should be the chosen name by which our work may be designated and our Inn of Temple nominated, and accordingly we have written in golden letters, just beneath the architrave, across the very front of our atrium, the words "William M. Evarts Hall." But, gentlemen, the youth who throng the eastern gateway of our Law School must be taught that if human happiness depends in a large degree upon civil liberty, liberty itself can not exist without virtue. Character can be developed and maintained in no other way than by denying oneself all desires which reason does not authorize and regulating one's conduct in all things by prudence, fortitude, temperance, justice, and benevolence. Integrity without break or blot and conscience alive and alert- softened by a genial sympathy and sweetened by courteous readiness for service to others-are the attributes of a virtuous character. What name represents these qualities so deserving of admiration in the friend, the citizen, the patron, and the statesman? Here there must be no error in selecting the courtly and brilliant ideal as the exemplar of our youth rather than the plain and simple, but withal composed and honest, features of the maid who met Hercules in the way and repaid his favor with the distinction and power so justly praised by the moralist and so widely celebrated by the poets. We again point to the name above our threshold as most typical and illustrative--not only of the milder virtues of cheerfulness, benevolence and magnanimity, but also of the more masculine ones of constancy, gravity, fortitude, fidelity and firmness; then, too, we find that these well defined traits of character are peculiar to the lineage of him whom we honor tonight, and are traceable backwards through the stock whence he sprang to Roger Sherman and Jeremiah Evarts, and forward to the sons who serve society in the army, the forum and the church and to the daughters who minister to the poor, the ignorant and the afflicted, and who are mothers of families. But virtue is the offspring of knowledge. The will must be informed before it can be virtuously conformed. Man must know the good and the true before he can externalize it. The difference in the knowledge possessed by individuals constitutes largely the difference between them. The difference between nations is said by Buckle to be found in the difference between the knowledge possessed by the great men of each, the directions this knowledge takes and the degree of its diffusion among the people. Whoever promotes learning lives fully up to the dignity of human nature; learning in the mental and moral spheres corresponds to light in the physical world and it ought to be as common as water and as free as air. How mean, how miserable and malignant, then, are the motives or the men who would darken THE COLORED AMERICAN, WASHINGTON, houris blush for their beauty but the fresh, Murillo-like faces of some of our teachers? Now is the time to show to the nations of the earth our beauties as well as our giant intellects. To be fond of wine, dress and the opera, The girl of to-day tries to seem, But down in the depths of her dear little heart, She clings to her first love-ice cream. Miss Mary E. Evans, the directress of the physical culture department of our public schools, left last Saturday for Cambridge, Mass., where she expects to remain during the vacation. The success of her year's work has only acted as a stimulus to her determination to give the schools the best methods and the most thorough training in physical culture. Her work preparatory for next year's school term will be in the Ladies' Gymnasium at Harvard University. "The best laid schemes o' mice and men Gang aft agley, And leave us nought but grief and pain, For promised joy." Yes, I believe the above is sometimes true and sometimes too true. After many friends has anticipated receiving many letters from some young men who expected to make a tour of the Northern States during the more. those present were, Prof. C.G. Harris, Jno. H. Brooks, of Louden's Jubilee Singers; W.C. Elkins, our well-known baritone, and Prof. T. L. Furby. Mr. Johnson is to be congratulated upon his good fortune in getting so much talent together in one evening and at one house. Little Johnnie.-"Maud will be here in a moment, Mr. Down." Suitor.-"Why do you call me that? 'Down isn't my name." Johnnie.-"Isn't it? Why ma says your first wife call you that every day of your life." The latest is: Eating ice cream is out of style. Notice this, boys. The Idler. SOUTH WASHINGTON NOTES A Wedding-Honors for Prof. J.C. Baltimore-Church News. The recent grand rally held in the Metropolitan Wesley Zion Church during the first and second Sundays in June, has reached nearly or quite to the $300 mark. Miss Sarah Neal, a teacher of the public schools, also of the Metropolitan Zion Sunday School, is quite sick at her home on Washington street, northwest. Rev, Francis H. Hill, pastor of the Metropolitan Wesley Zion Church, South Washington, has been sick for the past two weeks suffering with chills and fever. Dr. Philip H. Brooks, the most prominent colored physician of this section, has been attending him. We are glad to see the Reverend out again looking as vigorous and youthful as ever. Prof. J.D. Baltimore, teacher in the public schools of the city in the mechanical department, was the recipient of honors conferred by Livingstone College of Salisbury, N.C., a few days ago. At the recent meeting of the trustees of this college, the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him. He is an energetic, practical business man, and the honor thus bestowed we are sure will be worn with credit by this esteemed gentleman. he is at present president of the C.E. Society of Metropolitan Wesley A.M.A. Zion Church, and a member of the trustee board. Robert Brown Elliott Lyceum. This very excellent Lyceum was organized January 22, 1893 with the following officers: A.F. Boston, president; [?] [?] Hamilton, vice president ; R. Gardener, secretary ; B.F. Grant, chaplain. It was a success from the beginning, the attendance being very large and the interest shown in the work was very great. Mr. Boston, whose portrait appears with this article, was very reluctant in accepting the presidency, but having been elected he devoted his entire time and talent to its building up and have brought it to the very front rank with the assistance of his co-workers and a very high standard of excellence. He was elected by acclamation and has been a regular attendant both as an officer and as a member ever since. In fact, so excellent was his record as presiding officer that it was with much regret that he declined re-election June 4th. Mr. J.A. Hamilton, who succeeded him as president, found the Lyceum in a flourishing condition and is carrying on the work so nobly begun. Are you going down the river next Thursday afternoon? If not, why? A Grand Testimonial Benefit fo the Sufferers at Ford's Old Theatre. A grand concert for the benefit of the sufferers from the Ford's Theatre disaster will be given at the Academy of Music Sunday evening, June 18th, at 8 o'clock p.m. As is generally known, everyone is doing what can be done to contribute to the sufferers, and, from all indications, a large and select audience will be in attendance. Among the attractions offered are Madame Sisseretta Jones, the Black Patti; the Temperance Choir of the Fifteenth Street Baptist Church, and by, the way, one of the best choirs in the District; Mrs. Laura M. McKinney, soprano; Mr. Wm. C. Elkins, baritone; Joseph H. Douglass, violinist; M.S. Hoffman, saxophonist, and the celebrated Amphion Glee Club. Also the Metropolitan Church Choir. The entire proceeds of this concert will be given to general relief fund. The object is one that should touch a sympathetic chord in all hearts. The exercises will begin promptly at 8 o'clock, and tickets should be secured early, in order to secure good seats. The following committee are in charge of the Miss Mary E. Evans, the directress of the physical culture department of our public schools, left last Saturday for Cambridge, Mass., where she expects to remain during the vacation. The success of her year's work has only acted as a stimulus to her determination to give the schools the best methods and the most thorough training in physical culture. Her work preparatory for next year's school term will be in the Ladies' Gymnasium at Harvard University. "The best laid schemes o' mice and men Gang aft agley, And leave us nought but grief and pain, For promised joy." Yes, I believe the above is sometimes true and sometimes too true. After many friends had anticipated recieving many letters from some young men who expected to make a tour of the Northern States during the... ...quite to the $300 mark. Miss Sarah Neal, a teacher of public schools, also of the Metropolitan Zion Sunday School, is quite sick at her home on Washington street, northwest. Rev. Francis H. Hill, pastor of the Metropolitan Wesley Zion Church, South Washington, has been sick for the past two weeks suffering with chills and fever. Dr. Philip H. Brooks, the most prominent colored physician of this section, has been attending him. We are glad to see the Reverend out again looking as vigorous and youthful as ever. Prof. J.D. Baltimore, teacher in the public schools of the city in the mechanical department, was the recipient of honors conferred by Livingstone College of Salisbury, N.C., a few days ago. At the recent meeting of the trustees of this college, the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him. He is an energetic, practical business man, and the honor thus bestowed we are sure will be worn with credit by this esteemed gentleman. He is at present president of the C.E Society of Metropolitan Wesley A.M.E. Zion Church, and a member of the trustee board. Robert Brown Elliott Lyceum This very excellent Lyceum was organized January 22, 1893 with the following officers: A.F. Boston, president; ??Hamilton, vice president; R. Gardener, secretary; B. F. Grant, chaplain. It was a success from the beginning, the attendance being very large and the interest shown in the work was very great. Mr. Boston, whose portrait appears with this article, was very reluctant in accepting the presidency, but having been elected he devoted his entire time and talent to its building up and have brought it to the very front rank with the assistance of his co-workers and a very high standard of excellence. He was elected by acclamation and has been a regular attendant both as an officer and as a member ever since. In fact, so excellent was his record as presiding officer that it was with much regret that he declined re-election June 4th. Mr. J.A. Hamilton, who succeeded him as president, found the Lyceum in a flourishing condition and is carrying on the work so nobly begun. Are you going down the river next Thursday afternoon? If not, why? A grand Testimonial Benefit for the Sufferers at Ford's Old Theatre. A grand concert for the benefit of the sufferers from the Ford's Theatre disaster will be given at the Academy of Music Sunday evening, June 18th, at 8 o'clock p. m. As is generally known, every one is doing what can be done to contribute to the sufferers, and, from all indications, a large and select audience will be in attendance. Among the attractions offered are Madame Sisseretta Jones, the Black Patti; the Temperance Choir of the Fifteenth Street Baptist Church, and, by the way, one of the best choirs in the District; Mrs. Laura M. McKinney, soprano; Mr. Wm. C. Elkins, baritone; Joseph H. Douglass, violinist; M. S. Hoffman, saxophonist, and the celebrated Amphion Glee Club. Also The Metropolitan Church Choir. The entire proceeds of this concert will be given to general relief fund. The object is one that should touch a sympathetic chord in all hearts. The exercises will begin promptly at 8 o'clock, and tickets should be secured early, in order to secure good seats. The following committee are in charge of the arrangements: J.H. Meriwether, John F. Cook, Hon. John M. Langston, Col P. H. Carson, Hon. B. K. Bruce, Col. M. M. Holland, Prof. F.L. Cardoza, Geo. Martin, Wm. E. Matthews, E. E. Cooper, Wm. Chase, R. H. Terrell, Prof. John R. Layton, L. A. Cornish, G. S. Wormley, Jerome A. Johnson, J. K. Rector, Arthur Brooks, L. O. Posey, Hon. John R. Lynch, L. M Hewlett, Dr. F. J. Shadd, H. P. Montgomery, K. H. Douglass, R. W. Tompkins, Aaron Russell, C. R. Douglas, Archie Lewis, C. A. Fleetwood, Geo. A. Cook, J. Henry Lewis, Prof. J. H. N. Waring, Francis Upshaw, John H. Butcher, Dr. O. M. Atwood, Jas. H. Smith, A. J. Anderson. Price of general admission, 50 cents. Sale of tickets at the Academy of Music. The New York Cafe at the Alpha Flats. The New York Cafe is the fashionable resort for ice Creams, Sherbets and all frozen delicacies. The New York Cafe is the place to take your best girl. Cook's Balm of life Will Cure Itching, Cuts and Burns. [?] ICAN, WASHINGTON, D.C., JUNE 17, 1893 HOW TO BE HAPPY, THOUGH POOR. Idleness a Fruitful Source of Crime Among Classes. A leading magazine recently promised to tell its readers how to be happy, though poor. Miss Mary Wilkins, the clever versatile authoress, who has chosen to expatiate on this important subject has emphatically refused to do so. After mature deliberation and vigilant observation Miss Wilkins is fully persuaded and firmly convinced that it is impossible for a poor person to be happy. It is strange that one so conspicuous for fertility of imagination, to say nothing of a vast knowledge of human nature should be unable to advance a few ideas or offer a word of advice upon a subject of such vital importance to so many. There are very few who have not been personally acquainted with individuals who are constantly radiant and buoyantly happy in the midst of poverty and its harrowing limitations. Those who believe that the rich are always happy are either intentionally blind and deaf, or are so deeply engrossed with their own affairs, that the thrilling and desperate careers and the melancholy fate of many a gold king have not impressed because they have not directly affected them. In these days of anarchy, socialism and the various communistic organizations which declare war to the knife upon the individual possession of immense wealth, it requires both serious thought and a defiant disregard of dangers and facts to advise how to be happy though rich. That some of the happiest men and women who have blessed the world with their presence have been those poorest in earthly possessions is an axiom. Not only do the pages of history and the testimony of the eye witness prove conclusively that it is possible to be happy, though poor, but the proposition will bear the test of logic. Am an's mind is his heaven or his hell as inevitably and irrevocably to-day as it was when the blind poet first discovered this eternal truth with the spiritual eye and revealed it to mind of men. That the wealth of Croesus may be locked up in the coffers of him whose heart is rent by anguish, whose mind is destracted by cares and vexations, whose soul is shrouded in doubt and forebodings, is as true as it is trite. As long as mind is greater and stronger than matter, so long will it dominate circumstances however depressing, and environments however hostile and harrowing. As long as men of all classes and stations have ideals, and are contented or discontented only as they succeed or fail in attaining them, so long will the rich and poor stand equal chances of possessing the greatest of all earthly treasures-a happy heart. To define happiness clearly and exhaustively is a difficult task which no two philosophers have performed alike. As one man's meat us another man's poison, so one man's happiness is another man's bore. It is sufficient to know and adopt the definition that happiness is the possession of any state or good which the possessor may enjoy. In explaining how to be happy, though poor. especial stress must first be laid upon the necessity of cultivating a cheerful frame of mind, if it is not a natural gift. Happiness depends more upon one's disposition than it does upon external circumstances, however propitious or forbidding in themselves. The man who looks upon the bright side of life and stubbornly refuses to dwell upon the shadows may be far happier in poverty than his brother who rolls in wealth and is racked by images of a morbid imagination and a melancholy disposition. People who borrow trouble and delight in painting their misfortunes as black as possible, make themselves miserable whether they sit in the lap of luxury or live in poverty flats. He who is burdened with a gloomy, melancholy disposition is poor, indeed, for neither wealth, honor, power, nor any other creature can bring happiness to such a soil. The man who sees something auspicious in everything, however opposed it may be to his anticipation or desires, in the majority of cases will have the courage and the strength to convert misfortunes into helps and blessings. There is no intention of conveying the idea that men of fortune are never or rarely happy, for the lives of many are like pleasant dreams crystallized into blissful realities. But attention is called to the fact that not even the superior advantages and opportunities for enjoyment offered by the possession of wealth can bring happiness to him who is naturally and morbidly apprehensive of possible ills and prone to exaggerate petty trials and vexations which fall to the lot of all. It is universally conceded that men who cultivate a keen relish for their fare, however, humble, who insist upon extracting the greatest possible amount of pleasure out of comforts, however few and meager, are far happier than their brothers who seem mentally unable to appreciate their advantages and blessings. Another rule for being happy, though poor, is embraced in that commandment which forbids envy. It is as impossible for a rich man who is envious to be happy, as it is for a poor man guilty of the same sin. Those who are filled with ignoble repinings at the sight of objects in the possession of others, must necessarily be bitter and resentful. According to their philosophy of selfishness and ingratitude, Providence has dealt unkindly with them, because somebody else has a few ducats more than themselves, and they a few luxuries less. The happiness of a millionaire who envies the extra million of a more prosperous brother is destroyed by this canker worm, which gnaws at the core of so many hearts. How much richer is the man of modest means, whom the world calls poor, if he casts no grudging glances at those more favored by fortune. No one doubts or denies that it is possible to train the mind and educate the heart, so as to correct the tendency or inclination to envy. It is equally certain that this sin is the cause of much of the unhappiness of both rich and poor. One of the easiest and surest means of attaining happiness is to fix the mind upon some worthy ambition for which one is willing to struggle with intense zeal and indefatigable energy. The man whose whole soul and mind are bent upon reaching a goal, has no time for repining and weak complaints. An inordinate, [?] reason and to become happy no matter how favorable the circumstances and pleasant the environments. The wealth of Plutus and the diamonds of Golconda would not be sufficient to infuse joy into the heart of an individual who lacked energy and had nothing to occupy his mind. Idleness is a fruitful source of crime among all classes. Work can cure ills of the mind, which may easily affect the health of an individual more effectively than the pellets of physicians or the prayers of priests. If misery like company, then the poor may extract much comfort and consolation out of the fact that some of the brightest minds and highest types of manhood have been nurtured and developed by poverty. To many it has been a blessing and not a bane. It has bound the laurel wreath upon many a brow which would never have been crowned by wealth. The necessity to earn a livelihood has developed latent talent of which affluence would never hav given the faintest trace. Some of the most inspiring and enrapturing strains of which music is capable, have been caught from celestial choirs by men whom poverty has stimulated and aroused. In the fields of literature, science and the arts the world is indebted for many rare gems to poverty, which has assisted those of even little natural ability and meagre attainments to acquit themselves handsomely. It will be easier to be happy, though poor, if those who possess few of this world's goods will remember that they are relieved from many responsibilities which burden the rich. snares and dangers that beset the path of the wealthy are not laid for them. The friends of the poor are at least not attracted to them by selfish motives, and influenced by the hope of gain. Rich people have friends who are the embodiment of loyalty and sincerity no doubt, but it requires wide experience and a vast knowledge of human nature to make wise selections. In all our large institutions of learning it is the poor boy and girl who are conspicuous for ability and success. Their appetite for knowledge is whetted by the very difficulties with which it is attained; their mental fibre is toughened by the burdens it is obliged to carry, and their character is strengthened by the various ordeals to which they are sometimes subjected. Happiness is not far from him who cultivates a cheerful disposition which makes the best of everything, who flees from envy as from the wrath to come, who is inspired by a noble ambition to accomplish something good and great, and who presses constantly toward a goal for which he is willing to work and endure. A man can only crowd a certain amount of happiness into a minute or a year, no matter what his wealth or station, and the poor man can have his share with less difficulty in may instances than his rich friend. Finally, no one in the wide universe can possibly be unhappy, however poor, if with the Apostle Paul he can truthfully say, "I have learned in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content." KATE KIRK [*Ms. Mary Church Terrell*] SOME BRIGHT GRADUATES affected them. In these days of anarchy, socialism and the various communistic organizations which declare war to the knife upon the individual possession of immense wealth, it requires both serious thought and a defiant disregard of dangers and facts to advise how to be happy though rich. That some of the happiest men and women who have blessed the world with their presence have been those poorest in earthly possessions is an axiom. Not only do the pages of history and the testimony of eye witnesses prove conclusively that it is possible to be happy, though poor, but the proposition will bear the test of logic. A man's mind is his heaven or his hell as inevitably and irrevocably to-day as it was when the blind poet first discovered this eternal truth with the spiritual eye and revealed it to mind of men. That the wealth of Croesus may be locked up in the coffers of him whose heart is rent by anguish, whose mind is distracted by cares and vexations, whose soul is shrouded in doubt and forebodings, is as true as it is trite. As long as mind is greater and stronger than matter, so long will it dominate circumstances however depressing, and environments however hostile and harrowing. As long as men of all classes and stations have ideals, and are contented or discontented only as they succeed or fail in attaining them, so long will the rich and poor stand equal chances of possessing the greatest of all earthly treasures--a happy heart. To define happiness clearly and exhaustively is a difficult task which no two philosophers have performed alike. As one man's meat is another man's poison, so one man's happiness is another man's bore. It is sufficient to know and adopt the definition that happiness is the possession of any state or good which the possessor may enjoy. In explaining how to be happy, though poor, especial stress must first be laid upon the necessity oc cultivating a cheerful frame of mind, if it is not a natural gift. Happiness depends more upon one's disposition than it does upon external circumstances, however propitious or forbidding in themselves. The man who looks upon the bright side of life and stubbornly refuses to dwell upon the shadows may be far happier in poverty than his brother who rolls in wealth and is racked by images of a morbid imagination and a melancholy disposition. People who borrow trouble and delight in painting their misfortunes as black as possible, make themselves miserable whether they sit in the lap of luxury or live in poverty flats. He who is burdened with a gloomy, melancholy disposition is poor, indeed, for neither wealth, honor, power, nor any other creature can bring happiness to such a soul. The man who sees something auspicious in everything, however opposed it may be to his anticipation or desires, in the majority of cases will have the courage and the strength to convert misfortunes into helps and blessings. There is no intention of conveying the idea that men of fortune are never or rarely happy, for the lives of many are like pleasant dreams crystallized into blissful realities. But attention is called to the fact that not even the superior advantages and opportunities for enjoyment offered by the possession of wealth can bring happiness to him who is naturally and morbidly apprehensive of possible ills and prone to exaggerate petty trials and vexations which fall to the lot of all. It is universally conceded that men who cultivate a keen relish for their fare, however humble, who insist upon extracting the greatest possible amount of pleasure out of comforts, however few and meager, are far happier than their brothers who seem mentally unable to appreciate their advantages and blessings. Another rule for being happy, though poor, is embraced in that commandment which forbids envy. It is as impossible for a rich man who is envious to be happy, as it is for a poor man guilty of the same sin. Those who are filled with ignoble repinings at the sight of objects in the possession of others, must necessarily be bitter and resentful. According to their philosophy of selfishness and ingratitude, Providence has dealt unkindly with them, because somebody else has a few ducats more than themselves, and they a few luxuries less. The happiness of a millionaire who envies the extra million of a more prosperous brother is destroyed by this canker worm, which gnaws at the core of so many hearts. How much richer is the man of modest means, whom the world calls poor, if he casts no grudging glances at those more favored by fortune. No one doubts or denies that it is possible to train the mind and educate the heart, so as to correct the tendency or inclination to envy. It is equally certain that this sin is the cause of much of the unhappiness of both rich and poor. One of the easiest and surest means of attaining happiness is to fix the mind upon some worthy ambition for which one is willing to struggle with intense zeal and indefatigable energy. The man whose soul and mind are bent upon reaching a goal, has no time for repining and weak complaints. An inordinate, feverish desire to reach that which reason and common sense warn can not be attained, may stimulate and occupy the mind for a time, but it soon burdens and injures it, so that harm and not good is accomplished. Such a manner of seeking and such an object sought are not calculated to infuse happiness into the soul. Given a goal worth the struggle, a faint glimmer of hope in the distance, and the individual who seeks earnestly to reach it is lifted up by an inspiration kindled by a spark divine. No matter how lofty or lowly the ideal, when measured by the standard of the world, provided it can elevate the person who conceived it and there are earnest efforts to reach it. If the doctrine of hard work were a conspicuous part of every man's creed, much of the discontent and unhappiness would vanish out of the world. The brain that busies itself constantly with the solutions of problems in any walk of life, whether it be to wrest secrets from the solar system or the soil, has no time to brood over thoughts which frequently hatch only mischief and, too often, crime. Inability to interest one's self in some work, or disinclination to bend one's energies toward accomplishing something worthy and good, argues inability... ...are at least not attracted to them by selfish motives, and influenced by the hope of gain. Rich people have friends who are the embodiment of loyalty and sincerity no doubt, but it requires wide experience and a vast knowledge of human nature to make wise selections. In all our large institutions of learning it is the poor boy and girl who are conspicuous for ability and success. Their appetite for knowledge is whetted by the very difficulties with which it is attained; their mental fibre is toughened by the burdens it is obliged to carry, and their character is strengthened by the various ordeals to which they are sometimes subjected. Happiness is not far from him who cultivates a cheerful disposition which makes the best of everything, who flees from envy as from the wrath to come, who is inspired by a noble ambition to accomplish something good and great, and who presses constantly toward a goal for which he is willing to work and endure. A man can only crowd a certain amount of happiness into a minute or a year, no matter what his wealth or station, and the poor man can have his share with less difficulty in many instances than his rich friend. Finally, no one in the wide universe can possibly be unhappy, however poor, if with the Apostle Paul he can truthfully say, "I have learned in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content. Kate Kirk ??Mary Church Terrell The Colored America[?] [* R.H. Terrell 1415-Corcoran N.W. City*] A NATIONAL NEGRO NEWSPAPER VOL. 1 . NO. 8. WASHINGTON D.C. SATURDAY, MAY 20, 1893. 5 Cents per Copy. THE WORLD'S FAIR How the Afro-American has Fared-Who is Responsible? Efforts to Secure Recognition in Congress- A Hard Fight Failed. CHICAGO, May 15,-On the 23rd of February, 1892 Representative Candler, of Massachusetts, introduced a bill to amend the World's Fair act, passed the preceding April. His object was to provide in the Government building at Chicago a separate display for "the colored people of the United States of America to exhibit works of art, field products, livestock, inventions, manufactures, and such other articles raised, fabricated, produced or owned by colored people." Had this proposition been offered earlier in the session, it would have been enacted into law, but, as usual in al; legislation relating to the interests of the Negro, "the gods seemed opposed." This bill failing to become a law left the colored people without distinctive representation in the great pageant of the century, and the authorities of the Exposition in doubt as to the best method of remedying this apparent oversight. The opinion of the press of the country seemed about evenly divided in regard to what the colored people were entitled to in this connection. Many newspapers declared a separate exhibit [?] which to illustrate [?] [?] in the [?] of World's Fair intended. the colored folks themselves seemed unable to grapple with the subject. Such men as the Hon. Frederick Douglass, Lynch, Bruce, Cheatham, Price, Cook, Smyth, Langston, Townsend, Carson, and the [?] bishops and clergymen were tardy in making suggestions, but in due time were conferred with by the Exposition authorities. Matters continued in this disorganized state from 1890 till 1892. During 1891, the colored people became restless, and as usual began to make their appeals to the President of the United States, to ascertain why they were ignored in this great American event. They were met with the response that as American citizens they has the same privilege as their white fellow-countrymen, and it had been deemed best for the interests of all to have no special or separate displays for any class or race at the Columbian Exposition. This declaration coming from the Chief Magistrate seemed final. For a time it was partially accepted by the colored people until publicly known the American Indians were to have a separate exhibit at the Fair. This somewhat exasperated our people, for is such were to be inaugurated there certainly would exist a discrimination between the Negro and Indian, ex- and benevolent enterprises for the past thirty years, such as Mr. F. G. Barnadoes, who superintended the Colored Mason's Exposition held in the District of Columbia, worked night and day to place the proposed measure in a way that it would not be antagonized. They were finally successful in this, and, as mentioned. on the 18th of July Senator Chandler's amendment, offered by Senator Pettigrew, passed the Senate unanimously, becoming a part of the general deficiency bill. The measure referred to by Senator Kyle had been favorably reported in the House and placed upon the calendar through the efforts of Congressman Harter, of Ohio. It passed the Senate, but was stricken out of the sundry civil appropriation bill by the conference committee, composed of Senators Allison, Hale, and Gorman, and Representatives Holman, Sayers, and Cogswell. It will be interesting to note from time to time, during the progress of the World's Fair, to see whether or not colored people will greatly enthuse over a National and International enterprise in which they are hardly noticed as American citizens. But who is responsible for this? Let THE COLORED AMERICAN answer. J.E. Johnson. REV. J. W. SMITH We take please in presenting this week to the readers of THE COLORED AMERICAN the cut and sketch of the Rev. J.W. Smith, and ex-pastor of the John Wesley Zion Church and Union Wesley Zion Church of this city. He is now pastor of the A.M.E. Zion Church in Carlisle, Pa., and at this writing is attending the Philadelphia and Baltimore annual conference now in session in Union Wesley Zion Church, 23rd street, between L and M north [?] [?] January [?], [?], and was reared up and educated by his grandmother into whose hands he, when but two years old, was committed after the death of his mother. He entered the ministry under Bishop J.W. Hood, in 1880, and his church labors have been crowned with uniform success. he has filled with the greatest denomination, proving himself to be an able preacher, a working pastor and a splendid financier. He is an attractive pulpit, orator, a strong reasoner, and at the same time rich in fancy and copious in illustration. He has just built in Carlisle, Pa., the second largest and finest parsonage in his denomination. Rev. Smith, young and strong, with a large well-shaped head, an open countenance beaming with good-will to all, good common sense, brave, aggressive, is the editor of the [?] BISHOP ALEXANDER WALTERS. Rt. Rev. Alexander Walters, D.D., the bishop who is now presiding at the 65th annual session of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Annual Conference, was born in Bardstown, Conn. At the age of eight, he was consecrated to the ministry by his parents and shortly after entered school to that end. He joined the Kentucky Annual Conference when but eighteen years of age, and has been actively engaged in preaching ever since. Having served in this conference for a number of years, he was transferred to the California Annual Conference, in which he served successfully for three years. he possessed great ability as a financier, collecting in this time $16,000. From this conference, he was appointed to the following important pastorates -Chattanooga and Knoxville, Tenn.- where with his Christian example and fiery zeal, he accomplished a great work. The four years spent in the above cities are telling results of his ability as a church builder and financier. In 1889, he traveled abroad, spending some time in visiting, England, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Egypt, and the Holy Land. Served as pastor of Mother Zion Church in New York for nearly five years, he being the most successful in this church for over forty years. For the great ability that he possessed, was often chosen as a representative of his church in gen- ARMSTRONG AND HOWARD. Two of Nature's Noblemen.-Two of Humanity's Disciples. The Work They Have Done-Why the Race Will Remember Them. Since 1863 very few men have exercised as great an influence for the good of the race as Gen S.C. Armstrong and Gen. O.O. Howard. In 1863, Lincoln immortalized his name by the emancipation proclamation; Charles Sumner's name is sacred because of his devotion to the cause of the Negro soldier; and added to this list is the name of S.C. Armstrong, who devoted his life since 1868 to the educational development of the race. All these named are in the beyond, Gen. Howard alone remaining. Gen. S.C. Armstrong for twenty-five years prior to his death was principal of Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute, situate at Hampton, a town and county seat of Elizabeth City County, Va., on the west bank of Hampton River, a small inlet of Hampton Roads, two and one-half miles from Fortress Monroe, and seventy-five miles southeast of Richmond. This school would never have been had not Gen. Armstrong persuaded the American Ministry Association to buy the land on which the school is located. this association is one [?] [?] Church, and is located comprised [?] for [?] purchased one hundred and twenty- five acres, to which many more have been added. The Institute was incorporated in 1870, and in 1872, the State of Virginia awarded to it $95,000, one-third of the proceeds of the Congressional land grant, for the support of an agricultural and mechanical school. The hall containing the school-room, printing office, and boys' dormitories was erected in 1870, chiefly by the aid of the Freedmen's Bureau. It is in the form of a Greek cross. At first the school was designed exclusively for the education of colored youth, but in 1878 or 1879 the doors were thrown open to Indian youth, and in 1892 there were 680 pupils taking advantage of the free tuition, and were being instructed by 80 teachers, under the charge of the principal, Gen. Armstrong. Beside an English education the girls were taught laundry, kitchen, Fields, of Newport News, Va. As to Gen. S.C. Armstrong, none too much credit can be given him. His heart was in the work. He was born in the Sandwich Islands, but early in youth came to this country. He was patriotic when the Union needed his services. After the was he was connected with a branch of the Freedmen's Bureau at Hampton, and there conceived the idea of the school. How well he has done the many graduates can tell as they follow the different professions and trades they have pursued since graduation. All in all, Gen. Armstrong's idea must be conceded as right and the ripe fruit to be gathered in after years by our race will be gathered as a result of this almost first planting at Hampton. Another man who has done much for us, is Gen Oliver Otis Howard, after whom the Howard University is named and in response to whose inquiry Prof. R.R. Wright, now principal of Savannah State Industrial School, at Savannah, Ga., made the well known reply: "Tell the North that we are rising." this is woven in Whittier's poem "Howard at Atlanta," written in the commemoration of the laying of the corner-stone of the Atlanta University, and is also the subject of a poem by Mrs. N.F. Morsell. Gen. Howard was born in Leeds, Maine, November 1830; graduated from Bowdoin College in 18509 and West Point in 1854. He was in the Union service and took part in the battles at Bull Run, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Chattanooga, in the campaign of Georgia, and lost his right arm in honorable service at Fair Oaks. He was one of the founders of the University that bears his name and was president of it from 1869 to 1873, when he was succeeded by Hon. John M. Langston. Howard University is unlike Hampton, having [?] [?] industrial feature-being entirely a classi- graduates [?] In this school no distinction is made 1,400, the [?] Nichols, M.D., D.D., of Mission Hill, S. Dak. Gen. Howard has always been much interested in the education of the race. he is at present located in New York in the United States Military Service. The A.M.E. Zion Conference. The 65th annual session of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Conference met in Union Wesley A.M.E. Zion Church, 23rd street, northwest, at noon, May 17, 1893. Bishop C.R. Harris was not able to be present, being detained at his home in Salisbury, N.C., under orders from his physician. he was ably represented by Rt. Rev. Alexander Walten, D. D., Presiding Bishop of the 7th Episcopal District, who at the hour announced proceeded to conduct, the devotional exercises assisted by the Rev. Wm. Howard Day, D.D., president of the School Board of Harrisburg, Pa. and P. Elder J.E. Price. the election of officers resulted as follows: Rev. Frances H. Hill, secretary; Rev. J.H. Anderson, assistant secretary, Rev. J.B. Small, D.D., compiler; Rev. J.W. Smith, reporter; Rev. Logan Johnson, statistician. [?] How the Afro-American has Fared--Who is Responsible? Efforts to Secure Recognition in Congress--A Hard Fight Failed. Chicago, May 15.---On the 23rd of February, 1891, Representative Candler, of Massachusetts, introduced a bill to amend the World's Fair act, passed the preceding April. His object was to provide in the Government building at Chicago a separate display for "the colored people of the United States of America to exhibit works of art, field products, livestock, inventions, manufactures, and such other articles raised, fabricated, produced or owned by colored people." Had this proposition been offered earlier in the session, it would have been enacted into law, but, as usual in all legislation relating to the interests of the Negro,"the gods seemed opposed." This bill failing to become a law left the colored people without distinctive representation in the great pageant of the century, and the authorities of the Exposition in doubt as to the best method of remedying this apparent oversight. The opinion of the press of the country seemed about evenly divided in regard to what the colored people were entitled to in this connection. Many newspapers declared a separate exhibit ? ? ? ?which to illustrate race ?????????????? World's Fair intended. The colored folks themselves seemed unable to grapple with the subject. Such men as the Hon. Frederick Douglass, Lynch, Bruce, Cheatham, Price, Cook, Smyth, Langston, Townsend, Carson, and the ? bishops and clergymen were tardy in making suggestions, but in due time were conferred with by the Exposition authorities. Matters continued in this disorganized state from 1890 till 1892. During 1891, the colored people became restless, and as usual began to make their appeals to the President of the United States, to ascertain why they were ignored in this great American event. They were met with the response that as American citizens they had the same privilege as their white fellow-countrymen, and it had been deemed best for the interests of all to have no special or separate displays for any class or race at the Columbian Exposition. This declaration coming from the Chief Magistrate seemed final. For a time it was partially accepted by the colored people until publicly known that the American Indians were to have a separate exhibit at the Fair. This somewhat exasperated our people, for if such were to be inaugurated there certainly would exist a discrimination between the Negro and Indian exhibits; hence, appeals for special recognition were again made, not only to president Harrison, but also the Fair management at Chicago. This agitation resulted in the appointment of Mr. Hale G. Parker, of St. Louis, as an alternate commissioner-at-large. Then came another interim to see if any plan of representation would be put on foot by this new appointee from Missouri. But Mr. Parker's appointment was simply of an honorary character, and he, therefore, had no authority to outline any plan or policy for the management. The Publicity and Promotion branch of the Exposition since its organization had been awake to the growing demand of the colored people for representation. In February, 1891, at the request of Mr. Johnson a circular of information was issued by that department, suggesting among other things the duplicating of exhibits. This suggestion of duplicating the colored people's exhibits in the Government Building, was finally brought to the attention of the chairman of the board of management at Washington. Upon consideration, it was found that the building had advanced too far towards completion to arrange for any such system of exhibiting. Commissioners have been sent to Africa to procure exhibits, special agents appointed to look after the interest of the American Indian in the Fair, but no line of policy whatever has been outlined in behalf of the colored people. Indeed, there are no persons of color on any of the State World's Fair Boards, save New York and Pennsylvania, to even advise with the colored residents of the several States. A persistent effort was made in Congress to secure adequate recognition for the race. It failed. No one wanted a separate exhibit-- nobody asked for class legislation in this regard; but think of special inducements being made to get exhibits from Zanzibar and Liberia, and not even a colored commissioner on any of the State World's Fair Boards in the entire South. Able and leading friends of our people in the Senate, such as Senators Wm. E. Chandler, Sherman, Pettigrew, Carey, Dawes, Kyle, Call, Gibson, and others, saw the possible danger of failure if it got mixed up with the general World's Fair legislation, and so notified the working committee of colored men having the matter in hand and composed of Bishops Handy and Brown of the A.M.E. Church, Rev. Alex. Crummell of the Episcopal Church, John H. Smyth, the Liberian minister; W.H.H. Hart, L.W. Pulies, a Washington attorney; Col. Robt. Christy, Walter S. Thomas and J.E. Johnson. This committee, aided by many of the leading colored men in all parts of the country, including pastors of churches and persons who had formerly been connected with industrial [?] intended the Colored Mason's Exposition held in the District of Columbia, worked night and day to place the proposed measure in a way that it would not be antagonized. They were finally successful in this, and, as mentioned. on the 18th of July Senator Chandler's amendment, offered by Senator Pettigrew, passed the Senate unanimously, becoming a part of the general deficiency bill. The measure referred to by Senator Kyle had been favorably reported in the House and placed upon the calendar through the efforts of Congressman Harter, of Ohio. It passed the Senate, but was stricken out of the sundry civil appropriation bill by the conference committee, composed of Senators Allison, Hale, and Gorman, and Representatives Holman, Sayers, and Cogswell. It will be interesting to note from time to time, during the progress of the World's Fair, to see whether or not the colored people will greatly enthuse over a National and International enterprise in which they are hardly noticed as American citizens. But who is responsible for this? Let THE COLORED AMERICAN answer. J.E. JOHNSON. REV. J. W. SMITH We take pleasure in presenting this week to the readers of THE COLORED AMERICAN the cut and sketch of the Rev. J. W. Smith, and ex-pastor of the John Wesley Zion Church and Union Wesley Zion Church of this city. He is now pastor of the A. M. E. Zion Church in Carlisle, Pa., and at this writing is attending the Philadelphia and Baltimore annual conference now in session in Union Wesley Zion Church, 23d street, between L and M, northwest, this [?] N.C., January 27, 1862, and was reared up and educated by his grandmother into whose hands he, when but two years old, was committed after the death of his mother. He entered the ministry under Bishop J.W. Hood, in 1880, and his church labors have been crowned with uniform success. He has filled with the greatest acceptance, several of the foremost churches of his great denomination, proving himself to be an able preacher, a working pastor and a splendid financier. He is an attractive pulpit orator, a strong reasoner, and at the same time rich in fancy and copious in illustration. He has just built in Carlisle, Pa., the second largest and finest parsonage in his denomination. Rev. Smith, young and strong, with a large well-shaped head, an open countenance beaming with good-will to all, good common sense, brave, aggressive, is the editor of the sermons and addresses of the late Bishop Singleton T. Jones, D. D., of this city. He is also the corresponding editor of the Star of Zion, of Salisbury, N.C., and at the general conference of 400 delegates in Pittsburg, Pa., last May, came within 23 votes of having the editorial crown placed upon his brow. As a writer, hi is pungent and incisive, fiery and scathing, giving and taking hard blows, and making his opponents feel curious in debate. In reference to organic union of the A.M.E. and the A.M.E. Zion Churches, he has entered the arena of controversy and had hot tilts with several of the bishops of these two denominations. When he believes he is right he will buckle on his armor [*(photo) Rev. J. W. Smith, Carlisle, Pa.] for a newspaper fight, not caring a button for the displeasure of friends or the denunciation of enemies. Loyalty to duty is his standard of manhood. He gives promise of extended usefulness to his denomination. He has been conference secretary for 13 years. At the conference now in session in this city, he nominated 'for secretary, Rev. Francis H. Hill, of this city. No one can doubt or question the need of such an institution as the Home for Friendless Girls. Help them by attending their concert at Metropolitan Church, Friday evening, May 26th. Rt. Rev. Alexander Walters, D. D., the bishop who is now presiding at the 65th annual session of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Annual Conference, was born in Bardstown, Conn. At the age of eight, he was consecrated to the ministry by his parents and shortly after entered school to that end. He joined the Kentucky Annual Conference when but eighteen years of age and has been actively engaged in preaching ever since. Having served in this conference for a number of years, he was transferred to the California Annual Conference, in which he swerved successfully for three year. He possessed great ability as a financier, collecting in this time $16,000. From this conference, he was appointed to the following important pastorates - Chattanooga and Knoxville, Tenn. -- where with his Christian example and fiery zeal, he accomplished a great work. The four years spent in the above cities are telling results of his ability as a church builder and financier. In 1889, he traveled abroad, spending some time in visiting England, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Egypt, and the Holy Land. Served as pastor of Mother Zion Church in New York for nearly five years, his being the most successful in this church for over forty years. For the great ability that [he] possessed, was often chosen as a representative of his church in general conferences. At the last session of the general conference of his church that assembled in Pittsburg, Pa., he was chose Bishop for the 7th Episcopal District, comprising Kentucky, Arkansas, Missouri, West Tennessee, Mississippi, California and Oregon. As a presiding officer, he is dignified and courteous, kind and respectful to all, weighing matters and ruling with impartiality. He is, to-day, the youngest bishop living - a ripe scholar, exemplary minister, sound logician, excellent disciplinarian, forceful gospel preacher; one of the leading prelates of the church. Is firm in his favor of the Organic Union, between the A.M.E. and A.M.E. Zion Churches. Ascension Day Service. Ascension Day service was held at the Shiloh Baptist Church last Thursday evening, May 11th, by the Sion and Henderson Command, Nos. 1 and 2, Knights Templars of the District. An interesting programme was carried out as follows: 1, March, Organ. 2, Anthem, "Arising God, Forsake the Tomb," Choir. 3, Lord's Prayer, Prelate and Sir Knights. 4, Sentence, "Lord's Prayer," Choir. 5, Apostle's Creed, Prelate and Sir Knights. 6, Anthem, Choir. 7, Lessons for Ascension Day, Pastor: First Lesson -- Acts of Apostles, 1st Chapter; Second Lesson -- St. Mark, 16th Chapter; Third Lesson -- Psalms, 24th Chapter. 8, Anthem, "The Earth is the Lord's, Choir. 9, "Bless Be the Time," Choir. 10, Sermon, Rev. J. Anderson Taylor. 11, Contribution. 12, Benediction. After the exercises, refreshments were served in the basement by the ladies of the Shiloh Church. The exercises were led by Em. R. E. L.H. Wayne, R. E. Grand Commander ; E. W. M. H. Hutchinson, E. Commander of Simon Commandery No. 1; Sir Brooks Burrill, Generalissimo ; Sir P. H. Simmons, Capt. General ; Sir Jas. H. Hill, Prelate. Henderson Command No. 2, Sir Richard Simms, E. Commander ; Sir Robert Carter, Generalissimo ; Sir A. Goins, Capt. General. The committee from Simon Command No. 1 was Sir John W. Freeman, chairman ; Sir John H. Lee, Sir Chas. H. Marshall. From Henderson Command No. 2, Sir A. Goins, Sir Robt. Carter, Sir John H. Pendergrass. Miss Belle F. Gibbons, who sings at the Friendless Girls' Concert, at Metropolitan Church, Friday evening, May 26th, "has a voice not only of purity, but she has also an exceptional register, her lower notes being quite contralto in their richness," says the Kimberly (Cape Colony, S. A.) Daily Independent. Two of Nature's Noblemen. - Two of Humanity's Disciples. The Work They Have Done - Why the Race Will Remember Them. Since 1863 very few men have exercised as great an influence for the good of the race as Gen. S. C. Armstrong and Gen. O. O. Howard. In 1863 Lincoln immortalized his name by the emancipation proclamation; Charles Sumner's name is sacred because of his devotion to the cause of the Negro soldier; and added to this list is the name of S. C. Armstrong, who devoted his life since 1868 to the educational development of the race. All these named are in the beyond, Gen. Howard alone remaining. Gen S. C. Armstrong for twenty-five years prior to his death was principal of Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute, situate at Hampton, a town and county seat of Elizabeth City County, Va., on the west bank of Hampton River, a small inlet of Hampton Roads, two and one-half miles from Fortress Monroe, and seventy-five miles southeast of Richmond. This school would never have been had not Gen. Armstrong persuaded the American Missionary Association to buy the land on which the school is located. This association is one of the Congregational Church, and to it we are indebted for many excellent universities in the South. The ????? school is located comprised which purchased one hundred and twenty-five acres, to which many more have been added. The Institute was incorporated in 1870, and in 1872 the State of Virginia awarded to it $95,000, one-third of the proceeds of the Congressional land grant, for the support of an agricultural and mechanical school. The hall containing the school-room, printing office, and boys dormitories was erected in 1870, chiefly by the aid of the Freedmen's Bureau. It is in the form a Greek cross. At first the school was designed exclusively for the education of colored youth, but in 1878 or 1879 the doors were thrown open to Indian youth, and in 1892 there were 680 pupils taking advantage of the free tuition, and were being instructed by 80 teachers, under the charge of the principal, Gen. Armstrong. Beside an English education the girls were taught laundry, kitchen, and various kinds of needlework, while the boys are taught farming, printing, mechanics, tailoring, and, in fact, nearly all of the trades. The C. P. Huntington Industrial Works is perhaps the largest department of the school. In it are included the various branches of wood-working. Much work is done here that finds a ready sale in the market, and the demand is generally greater than the supply. In the harness shop large orders have been filled for Hon. John Wanamaker and for the Adams Express Company. The system in vogue at this school is the embodiment of the correct idea that the colored youth needs industrial training first. The student who goes there for admission is examined, and, if fitted, is put into some shop on a farm for a [Sketch of REV. FRANCIS H. HILL, Secretary of the Conference] year, where he works during the day and attends school two hours at night. He is allowed so much per hour for his work. He is charged with board, etc., but at the end of the year he has a fund sufficient to begin school in the day. If the student desires to learn a trade, of course he continues at work in the day and attends school at night, or otherwise he attends school during the day and works morning and evening. Under this judicious system much actual good is done the student as well as the race. The total number of graduates of this school is 796. The oldest living graduate is James A. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? him. His heart was in the work. He was born in the Sandwich Islands, but early in youth came to this country. He was patriotic when the Union needed his services. After the war he was connected with a branch of the Freedmen's Bureau at Hampton, and there conceived the idea of the school. How well he has done the many graduates can tell as they follow the different professions and trades they have pursued since graduation. All in all, Gen. Armstrong's idea must be conceded as right and the ripe fruit to be gathered in after years by our race will be gathered as a result of this almost first planting at Hampton. Another man who has done much for us, is Gen Oliver Otis Howard, after whom the Howard University is named and in response to whose inquiry Prof. R. R. Wright, now principal of Savannah State Industrial School, at Savannah, Ga., made the well known reply: "Tell the North that we are rising." This is woven in Whittier's poem "Howard in Atlanta," written in the commemoration of the laying of the corner-stone of the Atlanta University, and is also the subject of the poem by Mrs. N. F. Morsell. Gen. Howard was born in Leeds, Maine, November 8, 1830; graduated from Bowdoin College in 1850 and West Point in 1854. He was in the Union service and took part in the Battles of Bull Run, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Chattanooga, in the campaign against Georgia, and lost his right arm in honorable service at Fair Oaks. He was one of the founders of the University that bears his name and was president of it from 1869 to 1873, when he was succeeded by Hon. John M. Langston. Howard University is unlike Hampton, having no industrial feature - being entirely a classical school. In this school no distinction is made as to ?????????????????????????????????????????????? graduates ???????????????????????????????????????? 1,400, the ???????????????????????????????????????? Nichols, M. D., D. D., of Mission Hill, S. Dak. Gen Howard has always been much interested in the education of the race. He is at present located in New York in the United States Military Service. _________________________________________________ The A. M. E. Zion Conference. The 65th annual session of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Conference met in Union Wesley A. M. E. Zion Church, 23rd street, northwest, at noon, May 17, 1893. Bishop C. R. Harris was not able to be present, being detained at his home in Salisbury, N. C., under orders from his physician. He was ably represented by Rt. Rev. Alexander Walden, D. D., Presiding Bishop of the 7th Episcopal District, who at the hour announced proceeded to conduct, the devotionals exercises assisted by Rev. Wm. Howard Day, D. D., president of the School Board of Harrisburg, Pa., and P. Elder J. E. Price. The election of officers resulted as follows: Rev. Francis H. Hill, secretary; Rev. J. H. Anderson, assistant secretary; Rev. J. B. Small, D. D., compiler; Rev. J. W. Smith, reporter; Rev. Logan Johnson, statistician. After some routine work in which the various committees were announced, adjourned for lunch, which was served in the Lecture room of the church. AFTERNOON SESSION. The Episcopal address by Bishop Walters was received amid applause and hearty amens to the pungent truths and other valuable information with which it was filled. Long will the scenes which transpired at its reading, live in the minds of those who were present. It was referred to the committee on Episcopal address. A very interesting letter from Bishop Harris was read, after which the conference suspended business and engaged in special prayer for the recovery of the Bishop. The following Ministers of the several churches of the city and elsewhere were introduced to the conference and made short addresses: Revs. Hayes, Jackson, Holland, Docket, Adams; Rev. Dr. D. P. Seaton of St. Paul's A. M. E. Church, 8th street, southwest, in which he favored the union in a strong speech; Rev. Bishop Johnson, D. D., of the 2d Baptist Church, 2d street, northwest. EVENING SESSION. A large audience was present to hear Rev. D. F. Bradley deliver the annual sermon. A collation was served in the lecture room by the Ladies of Union Wesley Church. ___________________________________________________ Good Words For Good Men. TO THE EDITOR OF THE COLORED AMERICAN: Much credit is due Revs. Walter H. Brooks, of the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church; Francis H. Hill, of Metropolitan Wesley A. M. E. Zion Church; S. B. Wallace, of Israel C. M. E. Church; W. H. Howard, of Zion Baptist Church, and others of the city who are doing much noble work in their earnest endeavor to reduce the number of liquor saloons of the city and to see that the law is not violated by the liquor men in securing false or unlawful signatures. They deserve the praise of all right-thinking people in the city, and should have the assistance of every number of the various churches. JEREMIAH ADAMS, 519 Third St., S. W., Washington, D. C. _________________________________________________ "Miss Belle F. Gibbons has a most wonderful voice, very sweet and of great compass and feeling." - Natal (South Africa) Witness. She sings at the Friendless Girls' Concert, at Metropolitan Church, Friday evening, May 26th. Miss Belle F. Gibbons, at the Friendless Girls' Concert, Friday evening, May 26th, Metropolitan Church. Friendless Girls' Concert, May 26th. 2 THE COLORED AMERICAN, WASHINGTON, D. C., MAY 20, 1893. HERE AND THERE. Mr. Herbert Adams, of the Indian Bureau, who has been quite ill, is now convalescent. Mr. W. E. Matthews, accompanied by his wife and daughter, left the city Monday for Philadelphia. At the meeting given by the Whatsoever Circle of the King's Daughters $21.15 was taken in. On Tuesdays and Fridays ladies are admitted to the National ball games free of charge. Seats in grand stand. The O. P. Morton Post, No. 4, G. A. R., will have an annual sermon preached on the 28th of May, at the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church, by Rev. W. H. Brooks. Miss Mary Atwood, of the sixth division, was promoted, a few days ago, to fourth grade, made vacant by the resignation of Mrs. Lilian Cross-Wilkinson. The annual sermon to the Banneker Relief Association was preached by the Rev. D. P. Roberts, at the Metropolitan A. M. E. Church, Sunday evening, May 14, 1893, at 7:30. Mr. John A. Cox, formerly a member of the Washington High School and the only colored male student in Duquense College, Pittsburgh, Pa., has been elected class orator. Rev. George Moore, Field Missionary of the American Missionary Society and former pastor of the Lincoln Memorial Congregational Church, stopped in the city last Sunday on his way to New York. The following persons registered at Jones' Hotel, 220 B street, northwest, during the week: Joseph Hanesmeth, North Carolina ; W. H. Belliney, New York ; John Wallace, New Jersey ; Charles Vernon, Maryland. Mrs. Clemons, widow of the late Prof. Thos. A. J. Clemons, founder of the Industrial Training School, at Spartansburg, S. C., is visiting the city, the guest of Mrs. Laura B. Jackson, 907 K street. Read our proposition to boys in another column of this paper. We offer eight prizes, besides giving an opportunity to your boy to make money every Saturday handling THE COLORED AMERICAN. Israel Baptist Church, on Eleventh street northeast, had a grand baptizing in the Eastern Branch, at Anacostia bridge, last Sunday. Rev. W. H. Johnson, the pastor officiated. A large throng was in attendance to witness the emersion of the twenty-five new converts. Parents should bear in mind that their boys can make fro fifty cents to five dollars every Saturday handling THE COLORED AMERICAN. We have one boy, not thirteen years old, who makes on an average of four dollars a week. Any bright boy can do this. The concert given by the Rev. Theodore Williams, pastor of the First Baptist Church of Rosslyn, Va., assisted by Miss Ella M. Boston, was a great success. The net profits accraing to the church were $42. The patrons of the concert are unanimous in their praise of the exercises and kept the audience continually laughing. One of the features of the entertainment was the excellent singing of the "Unknown Patti." She has a sweet voice and her solos were excellent. The Young Men's Meeting of the Y. M. C. A. on last Sunday was well attended, the speaker being Mr. Wells of the New York avenue Association. General Secretary Moreland laid before the young en a plan for meeting the current expenses of the Association, which immediately found favor. There will be a class of members known as Sustaining Members who will contribute $12.00 each year toward the running expenses of the Association. When the contributions were called for, among those responding were Mr. Clarence Waring, Mr. R. C. Douglas and Mr. Mertz. As the latter organization is composed of some of the best white young men of the city, much interest centres in the contest. There will doubtless be a large gathering present to witness this unusual contest between the representatives of the two races. The Giants are rarely beaten by amateurs ; but the Y. M. C. A. Club is capable of giving them a royal fight. The fun will be kept up on the 23, 24, 25 and 26 of May, with the Washington Athletic Club's ball team (white.) The Government Printing Office team (white) and last, but not least, the Market House Dealers, the champion colored team of the District. Mr. A. G. Davis base ball promoter and the crank of cranks, deserves much credit for presenting such an excellent programme for the delectation of the Washington base ball public. He is also to be highly complimented in bringing the two races together in friendly rivalry. _____ Clubs and Societies. The following gentlemen have been elected honorary members of the Amphion Glee Club : Messrs. J. H. Meriwether, L. A. Cornish, Wm. E. Matthews, Prof. Robert Terrell, E. E. Cooper, Jos. H. Douglass, Wm. A. Stewart, Robt. C. Douglass, Geo. H. Horton, J. W. Mays, and Parker N. Bailey, Esq. Ascension Day, which falls upon the fortieth day after Easter, was observed by the Knight Templar commanderies of the District with appropriate service at Shiloh Baptist Church, L street, northwest. The services were held under the auspices of Simon Commandery, No. 1, and Henderson Commandery, No. 2. Sir Knight J. Anderson Taylor, pastor, conducted the services. At the Bethel Literary Association last Tuesday night, Rev. Wm. A. Creditt read a long and interesting paper on the American poets. The paper was an excellent one both from a literary and historical standpoint, and it showed the writer to be of unusual literary merit. The audience was quite large and a long discussion which was encouragement to the essayist followed. An interesting discourse was delivered to the Banneker Relief Association by the Rev. D. P. Roberts at the Metropolitan A. M. E. Church las Sunday evening. After the sermon a large tion WOMAN AND ANARCHY. ___ Her Pen and Voice Should be on the Side of Law and Order. Woman's influence is vast and far-reaching. Evils affecting the morality, politics and society of the Nation, have frequently been corrected if not entirely removed, by her persistent, vigorous attacks upon them. Many specific instances of her power to mould opinion in the educational, industrial and political world, and her success in righting wrongs might be cited, but her influence is so universally acknowledged,and the proofs thereof are so numerous and familiar as to need neither argument or mention. When women, whose power for good might be so great, sit quietly in the midst of lawlessness and barbarity and make no effort to throw their influence on the side of law and humanity, they are in a great measure responsible for the existing evils. This is especially true, when many of the atrocities are committed in their name and for their sakes. In view of this fact the world has a right to hold Southern women to a large degree responsible for the lawless condition of that section. The frequent lynchings and burnings of helpless victims, many of whom are innocent and upon none or few of whom is guilt proved by due process of law, must be laid at the door of Southern women. Not a word have they uttered as a body in protest or denunciation of barbarities which make the cheek of cruelty pale. One of their sisters applies the match to a man saturated with kerosene and together with others equally savage and unnatural stands calmly by to see him burn alive. The roasting flesh and the piercing shrieks of the agonized victim, far from appealing to the tender mercies of women who assist at such atrocities, only whet more keenly their fiendish depravity and arouse more powerfully the low, cruel instincts of the animal. If there are women in Texas who love order, women to whom such atrocities are revolting, women whose hearts are tender and not stone, the world does not know it. Such silence on the parts of mothers and wives of that section is criminal. Only one interpretation can be put upon it. There is no escape for black men who assault white women in the South. The tacit acquiescence in the lawlessness and barbarities of almost daily occurrence can not be based upon the fear that condign and swift punishment will not be visited upon the criminals. Justice is not blind in the South. Her eyes are not holden that she may not see black suppliants pleading before her and dark forms kneeling at her shrine. The goddess becomes a fury in the South, and is terrible in her vengeance and wrath. There is neither reason nor excuse for the silence and lethargy of Southern women. They are encouraging mobs which disgrace civilization and which true womanhood repudiates and loathes. It is, however, neither surprising nor inexplicable that the Southern woman lacks the tenderness and mercy which are the crowning virtues of her sex. The very food which nourished her and her mothers, the luxuries which they enjoyed, were for two centuries purchased with the blood and debasement of the oppressed and the brutality the oppressor. The dehumanizing institu of slavery has so hardened the that neig the atrocious barbarities perpetrated nor the graceful immorality practiced by the men m e the slightest impression upon them. The flower of Southern femininity is descended from women who could look calmly upon the anguish of broken-hearted mothers FINANCIAL. 25TH ISSUE OF STOCK Opened for Subscription and First Payment. ___ Equitable Co-operataive Building Association. Subscriptions for the 25th Issue of stock, and first payment thereon, will be received daily from 9 a.m. to 4"30 p.m. at the office of the Association. SHARES ARE $2.50 EACH PER MONTH. The assets during the past 12 months have increased $140,76.49, making the total assets $1,455,988.00. For pamphlets and information apply at the office of the Association. By order of the Board of Directors. JNO. JOY EDSON, Secretary. Office: Equitable Building, 1003 F Street __________ Teacher's Hand-Book, 62 Pages, Well Bound, Sent to Teachers for Ten (10) Cents in Stamps. Address-- THE COLORED TEACHER'S AGENCY, 1732 V Street, Washington, D. C. Schools, If you Want Teachers, Either Write Us. Teachers Supplied for Schools or Positions Secured for Teachers Anywhere in the United States. __________ J. A. BERRY, 1607 11th Street, N. W., Y. M. C. A. Building. Dining Hall and Ice Cream Parlor, Confectionery, Fruits and Nuts, Fresh Bread and Cakes, Home-made Pies, Ice Cream packed and delivered. Banquets served at residence. Special Discount to Churches. __________ R. C. LEWIS & SON, Hatters and Outfitters, 1421 New York Ave., N. W. WASHINGTON. SPRING STYLES NOW READY. __________ ICE! ICE!! ICE!!! AMERICAN ICE CO., TELEPHONE, 486. Main Office, F and 10th Streets, Northwest. Depots, 13th and 14th Street wharves. PURE PENOBSCOT RIVER ICE for all classes of customers. Contracts for future deliveries. Ice tickets for family trade. Red wagons. Best grades family coal--low prices. __________ TONSORIAL ARTIST. The b THE GREAT Dry Goods EMPORIUM, 811 MARKET SPACE. 811 W. D. CLARK & CO. _____ Dry Goods of every style and description for Spring-time. Silks in new patterns and colors. Draperies of new rich designs. Every article in the line of ladies wear of modern design kept at the very LOWEST PRICES. Call and examine our stock in the several departments and purchase the BEST GOODS for the cheapest price. _____ W. E. CLARK & CO., 811 Market Space. 811 __________ TUCKER'S $3.00 SHOES, FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN. Seven Styles. Six Widths. STORES: 1923 Penna. Avenue and 1237 32d Street. __________ Porter House Restaurant WINES, LIQUORS AND CIGARS, LADIES' DINING ROOM 2ND FLOOR. BOARD AND LODGING BY THE DAY, WEEK OR MONTH. 103 6th St., N. W., Opposite B. & P. Depot. J. A. BROWN, C. H. BALLARD, PROPRIETORS, Washington, D. C. __________ You will find a Large Stock of BOOKS AND STATIONERY of the Best Class at the Lowest Prices here. C. C. PURSELL, 418 9th Street, Northwest. __________ W. HORN MERCHANT TAILOR, 223 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, WASHINGTON, D. C., Pants made to order from $4 and upwards. Suits to order from $18 and upwards. ALL WORK DONE AT HOME. __________ GEORGE SENGE, BOOT . AND . SHOE . DEALER, 233 Pennsylvania Avenue N W Rev. Farris, pastor of the Cor ian Baptist Church, Frankfort, Ky.. preached t the Berean Baptist Church last Sunday evenin on "The Wise Man, the Light of the World." The discourse was delivered in an earnes manner. Music was furnished by the Young People's Choir under the leadership of Prof. Benjamin Washington. The attention of ladies who are fond of outdoor sport is invited to the Coupon in this issue of THE COLORED AMERICAN. This Coupon,when clipped, will entitle any lady to a free admission to the game of ball next Wednesday, between the Cuban Giants and the Washington Market Base Ball Club. At the meeting of the Sunday-school Lyceum of the Second Baptist Church last Sunday it was decided to hold, on the 21st inst., memorial services in honor of ex-Senator James Willis Patterson of New Hampshire. Committees appropriate were appointed. Leading educators of the city are expected to be present. Mr. Daniel Seals, a well-known gentlemanof Cleveland, Ohio, was in the city last week. His purpose here was to attend the annual reunion of the "Forty-niners," who emigrated to California in search of gold. Mr. Seales was one of those, and he makes the pilgrimage here each year. He enjoyed himself on the pleasant trip to Marshall Hall. A good house helped Slater school last night at the High School, M st., to pay for the school's piano. A novel feature of the entertainment was an Indian drill by 18 boys of the school who made their own bows and arrows. They were trained as "The Tribe of the Rocky Mountains" by the Principal, Miss E. A. Chase. The concert was much enjoyed. Mr. Joseph Cuney, chief clerk of the Galveston Custom House, was in the city this week. He came to inter in the cemetery here the remains of a young son who recently died in Boston while attending the Latin school there. Mr. Cuney is an elder brother of Hon. N. W> Cuney, collector of the port of Galveston, and is a man of superior mind and character. W. A. Pierce & Co., the old and reliable dry goods firm, will soon enlarge their elegant store, 759 Market Space. Their patrons extend many good wishes to them. This firm with their courteous, energetic clerks is calculated to rival the many stores of the same business in this city. All friends of the firm are proud to know that their business has had such a healthy growth. A PATRON. Mrs Collier, of South Washington, tendered a lunch to her sister, Miss Maria L. Jordan, the successful candidate in the World Fair contest, last Monday, to which all the teachers of the Randall Building were invited. There wer fifteen present, among which were Mrs. M. E> Tucker, principal of the Randall Building; Dr. J. H. N. Waring, the supervising principal ; Prof. Clarence Madella, of Alexandria, the manual training teacher, and many others. A pleasant time was spent by those present. In another part of this issue of THE COLORED AMERICAN appears a notice of the grand picnic given by the National Band of this city. This band is a first class one and under the leadership of Mr. Thomas Washington and Mr. J. B. Reeder, assistant leader, has made wonderful progress. The picnic is given for the purpose of raising money for which to purchase new uniforms. The cause is deserving, and the public generally should turn out to assist them and to enjoy the many good attractions offered by them. A grand old folks' concert was given last Wednesday at the Metropolitan A.M.E. Church, at which a good sized audience was present. The concert was an excellent one, the programme well-arranged and the participants deserve much credit for the masterly rendition of their parts. The humorous parts of the programme collec was given the church by the members of the Association,which is officered by the following gentlemen: President, Aaron Russell ; vice-president, Frederick Douglass ; financial secretary, J. W. Mays ; recording secretary, W. A. Meyers ; treasurer, R. H. Nugent ; marshall, Arthur Lucas ; board of directors, Leon Turner,J. Henry Lewis, Carter A. Stewart, Jr., Walter Hyson. The organization presented a fine appearance, and is composed of some of our most reputable citizens. The choir, under the leadership of Prof. J. T. Layton, rendered excellent music. Ascension Day was observed by the Sir Knights under the auspices of Simon Commandery No. 1, and Henderson Commandery No. 2, K. T., at Shiloh Church. The Rev. and Sir Knight J. Anderson Taylor delivered the sermon upon the Ascension of our Saviour. St. John's Commandery of Baltimore will celebrate her 22d anniversary on Monday, May 22. R.E. G. C. L. H. Wayne, 32d; G. R. D. F. Seville, 32d ; P. R. E. G. C. J. W. Freeman, 33d, and other distinguished Masons expect to be present upon the occasion. Monday night Eureka Lodge No. 5, F. A. A. M., will confer first degree upon four candidates. Tuesday night J. F. Cook Lodge No. 10 will work first, second, and third degrees. One of the most active Masons is Sir John W. Freeman, 33d P. R. E. G. C.; also the illustrious Thortan A. Jackson, 33d, P. R. E. G. C. of K. T., and the present Grand Commander of A. A. S. R. for the Southern jurisdiction. MAGNUS L. ROBINSON, Virginia's Editor. __________ The above portrait is a fair likeness of Magnus L. Robinson, of Alexandria, Va., who is now the oldest Negro Editor in Virginia. He was born in Alexandria, Va., November 21, 1852. He received his education through private schools. He was a student at Howard University Law Class of 1868, but was compelled to give up his studies on account of ill health. He has taught successively in the public free schools of Virginia, in all, nine years. He entered Virginia journalism in 1879, and has edited a colored newspaper in his State consecutively to this period. He established the National Leader at Washington, D. C., in 1888. In this enterprise the late Frederick Douglass, Jr., was a colleague. He removed the Leader to his home in 1890, and has conducted it very successively until the past week, when he consolidated it with the Alexandria Clipper. He is now part owner of the Clipper and jointly with Mr. N. B. Pain, one of Alexandria's foremost young men, edits the same. Mr. Robinson is a member of the A. M. E. Zion Church, a leading member of various benevolent and literary societies. He has several times stood as the Republican candidate for municipal honors. He is now spoken of as a probable candidate for the Virginia legislature from the Alexandria district in the coming State election. As an organizer and all round man in journalism he has few equals. from whom babes were cruelly torn, and clinging children dragged without blushing for shame, or weeping for pity. If now they are neither touched nor annoyed by the torture and lynching of innocent men, is the natural effect of a well-known cause. Their stony hearts are so many irrefutable arguments for the power and immutability of heredity. The early education of the Southern woman, from which it is difficult for the most conscientious and enlightened to emancipate themselves, has neither broadened her mind nor deepened her sympathy. The prevailing sentiments of communities, in which the spirit of oppression and riot is rife, the oft-repeated opinions of daily associates who lend a rope, shoulder a gun, or furnish kerosene for the frequent lynching bees, extenuate to a certain degree the lethargy and acquiesence of Southern women. Perhaps they have not yet arrayed themselves on the side of law and right, because the awful responsibility resting upon the mothers of future citizens and statesmen of a free republic has not been impressed upon them. The argument that Southern women could accomplish nothing toward establishing order and eradicating existing evils will be advanced by no one acquainted with the power they wield and the chivalrous deference paid to their opinions and wishes by the men. Once let them raise their voices against the atrocities which disgrace the States, let them give unmistakable evidence that the brutal conduct of the men is painful to them and the reign of King Lynch is over. If Southern women recoiled from murderers whose participation in midnight crimes is an open secret, the number of their relatives and friends whose hands are red with blood would perceptibly diminish. The counsel of mothers, the remonstrance of wives, and the entreaty of daughters would effect more toward throttling lawlessness and staying the assassin's hand than the tenets of justice or the statutes of law. KATE KIRK. [*Mary C Terrell -*] _________ The First Grand Picnic of the Season, Given by the National Band. Everybody knows of the National Band of this city. It is the oldest and strongest band in this city. The members are making strenuous efforts to secure uniforms, and this picnic is given for the purpose of raising funds for said uniforms. The picnic will be given Thursday, afternoon and evening, May 25th, at Robinson's Park, corner Eighteenth street and Florida avenue, northwest. The band offers two grand prizes, consisting of a gold and silver medal to the two best waltzing couples in the waltzing contest. This contest will take place at 10 o'clock sharp on the night of the 25th, and the whole waltzing fraternity of the city will be present, and the contest is open to all. Robinson's Park can be reached by all car lines. Music will be rendered by the entire band by day and evening. The members of the band are as follows: Thomas Washington, leader ; J. V. Reeder, assistant leader ; J. Mackie, C. Pearson, G Carter, F. Ross,, R. McKennie, G. Montgomery, J. Hennigan, N. Ross, C. Dent, J. Carroll, L. Gilbert, J. Cox, G. Grayson, B. Carter, C. Queen, T. Johnson, P. Williams, and J. Lee. Admission to the park, 25 cents. Gates open from 5 to 12 p. m. Refreshments in abundance. __________ Not a Politician. EDITOR COLORED AMERICAN: Please allow me to state through your columns in answer to publications in certain local papers that I am not in politics, and do not regard myself a political entity. I have made no effort to control patronage or to advise the administration about its policy. The fact that I am in sympathy with its principles makes me no exception to a large class of young men of both races in the departments, and I presume, entitles me to no more consideration. Respectfully, R. C. EDMONDSON. May 13, 1893. Also a fu of C the best race news first class. Give us a call. JAMES WM. TAYLOR, Propr., 906 11th Street, N. W. __________ AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION, Seventh and E Streets, Northwest. May Building, Over Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co's Store. DENTISTRY IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. PAINLESS OPERATIONS. Extraction free when artificial teeth are to be made. Full Sets, $8 00 Temporary Sets, $5 00 Gold Fillings, $1.50 and upward. Plastic Fillings, 75 Cents Gold Lined Plates, $12 00 Extracting, 25 Cents This Coupon good for 10 per cent. discount on above prices upon presentation at our office, for all work for One Dollar or more. Low prices do not mean poor work, but the best possible services rendered in every case. Absolute satisfaction given, or money refunded. __________ Are you Nervous? Have you Dyspepsia? DAVIS' LITTLE LIVER PILLS Will Cure You. _____ FRANK F. DAVIS & BRO., Pharmacists, Cor. 11th and U Streets, Northwest. TELEPHONE 1668 __________ C. H. WATSON & BROS. 1609 Twelfth Street, Northwest. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Foreign and Domestic Groceries, Fruits and Provisions, Fresh and Salt Meats, Grain and Feeds. Orders called for and delivered Free of Charge. Orders by postal promptly attended to. The most complete Afro-American Grocery Store south of Philadelphia. __________ Oldest and Most Extensive Establishment in the City. W. G. METZEROTT & CO., 1110 R Street Northwest. MUSIC, PIANOS, ORGANS Established, 1851. __________ YOU CAN SAVE 20% ON ALL PURCHASES OF WATCHES, CLOCKS, JEWELRY, AND SILVERWARE. By calling on-- M. GOLDSMITH & SON, 917 Pennsylvania Avenue. Special Attention Paid to all Repairing. __________ BYRON S. ADAMS, Excursion Printing 512 Eleventh Street A bad line of Fine goods for ladies and gents. Satisfaction guaranteed. __________ GEO. W. MURRAY, . . . DRUGGIST . . . Cor. 2d and D Streets, S. W. PRESCRIPTION CAREFULLY COMPOUNDED. A specialty in fine toilet articles and pure syrups. __________ GEO. F. HENSON, Groceries, Fruits and Vegetables, Liquor and Tobacco Dealer. Can Goods in Variety. Motto: "PRICES LOW." 319 F. Street, S. W. Washington, D. C. __________ MEDICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND DENTAL DEPARTMENTS OF Howard University WILL OPEN OCTOBER 1, 1893 AND CONTINUE UNTIL APRIL 1, 1894. THIS COLLEGE IS OPEN TO MEN AND WOMEN WITHOUT DISTINCTION. For Circular apply to C. B. PURVIS, M. D., Washington, D. C. Secretary. __________ GEORGE N. CAMPBELL, Embalmer and Funeral Director. Funerals conducted in first-class style. Residence, 320 F Street, Southwest. __________ James H. Meriwether, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW And Solicitor of Claims and Patents, ROOMS 5 AND 6, DAVIS BUILDING, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W> Money to loan on real estate in large and small sums at reasonable rates. Fire and Life Insurance placed in the best companies. Houses and Lots for sale in all parts of the city on easy monthly payments. Loans made to BUY HOMES on the Life Insurance Plan, where payments may be made for either 5, 10, 15, or 20 years. These payments decrease yearly, and in the event of death prior to completion of payments balance of debt is cancelled. Every man of family should try to buy a home and to have his life insured for their benefit. __________ J. W. McMAHON Wall Papers. Painting in all its Branches. A full assortment of Etchings, Sheet Pictures, etc. Practical Paper Hanger. 1604 14th Street N. W. __________ THIS SAVES YOU MONEY. A Full Line of 5 and 10 Cent Goods at 4 and 8 Cents. A. A. LAWRENCE, 825 7th Street, N. W. Lamps, Gal and Oil Stoves Cheap. __________ PHIPPS. THE POPULAR PHOTOGRAPHER. Cabinets $2.00 per Dozen. Crayon, Framed with One Dozen Cabinet, $4.00. 425 Seventh Street. THE WEEKLY SENTINEL. Volume I. Memphis, Tenn., Saturday, January 15, 1898. Number I. MRS. MARY CHURCH-TERRELL In an address before the Alumni Association of LeMoyne Institute. A volume of logic from the common place phrase "An If or Two" If there was fewer ifs in the various ethics an ologies of life, there would be fewer problems to solve and smaller difficulties to confront. But wherever we turn, an if or greater or less magnitude stares is in the face and mockingly reminds us that before we attain unto the perfect civilization for which we nobly strive and heroically struggle, His Hypothetical Highness must first be overcome and removed. It might be stated as an axion that every thing and everybody has its if. If this were not so, then the other would be true is the daily burden of our song. Neither is it a great misfortune that so much time is spent discussing this tiny word that is such a tremendous warrior for blasting hopes and dealing despair. The first step toward achievement is a full clear knowledge of just the if that stands in the way of success. Resistance and defeat of it are the next steps. As woman in the Home is no exception to this rule of "If" let us discuss the most formidable one that prevent her from accomplishing as much as she might for its elevation, not for the sake of picking flaws and exposing weakness merely, but in order to devise ways and means for overcoming them. Let us make a diagnosis of the maladies that impair the mental and moral health of the home not to frighten an annoy the patient, but to arouse her to a sense of danger and prescribe a remedy for their ills. If women realized more fully and more keenly the great responsibility resting upon them, they would accomplish far more for the elevation and purification of the home than it is possible at present for them to effect. How conscienciously how unfatigable, how successfully women work, when once they see necessity for action, the numerous reforms that have been inaugurated thro their efforts and their efforts alone will abundantly and eloquently testify. It is because many [?] [?] that they can accomplish little office good in the world, unless they undertake something great and grand of a public nature that they utterly fail to wield the influence at home which it is their privilege and their duty to exert. It is in the home that woman's work is most needed and is often most effective. Society is to be purified, rights of man to be respected first of all iu the home. If the moral standard is to be raised at all, it must be by her who sows the first seeds of virtue in the plastic mind of the child, where there are no weeds and thistles to choke and strangle them, ere they can spring forth and bear fruit. If mothers, teachers and friends did not forget how susceptible children are to influences wielded by those to whom they took for guidance and instruction they would not so often neglect to drop the right word at the right place, would not fail to raise voices against even the appearance of evil, and would not hesitate to rebuke wrong wherever it lifted its horrid head. If parents realized how tenacious are the memories of children, they would not so frequently indulge in jokes bordering on the risque and forbidden with such hearty relish for similar experiences. In short if we all realize how easily character is made or marred, how careful we should be of the conversations of the home, where woman is the presiding genius, where the most potent influences are exerted on the most susceptible minds that can possibly be moulded. If the facts in the case could be obtained, the downfall of many a girl and boy could be directly traced to objectionable jokes and anecdotes related by thoughtless parents or friends. home in the land. If each queen of the household would purify her own domain by tabooing within it conversations that sow the seeds of evil, since they open the eyes of the young to the manifold hypocricies and sins of the world, since they fix the minds of adults on the lower rather than the higher things of life, the day of national purity and integrity- would not belong in dawning. It requires no prophet to forecast the future, when in every household the land, the temtation to roll the latest scandal as a choice morsel under the tongue is resisted, when the desire to rehearse the mistakes and relate the downfall of our neighbors is never gratified. At our fireside, around the table, in the drawing room how much might be done to eliminate evil and inspire good by that unruly member of the tongue. And now if another if of the ugly aspect and threatening manner confronts us. If there were a greater effort in the home, if there were a more united determination in our churches and schools to increase self respect of the race, a higher, stronger, purer manhood and womanhood would soon be developed among us. The habit of ridiculing the race as a whole is a mistake common in many of our most enlightened households. If the vices of the race were cited less an its virtues discussed more by friends, many accusations could be early removed and a higher estimate of its worth be incontrovertibly established. Instill into the minds of children, impress constantly upon men and women that they belong to a vicious, depraved and illiterate race and there is little incentive for self-improvement, since there is almost nothing on which to base the hope of success. Faults and vices common to all races just emerging from the darkness of ignorance and the curse of oppression, are openly declared to be peculiar to the negro alone, fact and history to the contraty, notwithstanding. Let a child hear constantly that he belongs to a race vicious, ignorant and with but few redeeming traits, and it is impossible to develop in him that self respect which is both an incentive to effort and safe- guard against doing wrong, and throttle the pride and crush the spirit of an individual, if you wish to extinguish that divine spark by which manhood and womanhood are kindled into flame. And yet this wholesale destruction of the self respect of the negro is constantly going on in the home, in the school, in our churches, through the medium of parents, teachers, and preachers and journalists, as, if all with one accord were conspiring to force the negro as low in the scale of humanity as it is possible for human agency to effect. In urging parents and leaders to do all in their power to increase the self respect of the race, let no one suppose that I would advise them to indulge in fulsome flattery which, far from doing good, would do the race incalculable harm. But nothing is more destructive to the progress and fatal to the reputation of a race than the wholesale slander now levied at the freedmen obliged to contend against the most cruel proscription under which a people ever groaned. Let our women see to it that they increase the self respect of the members of their own-house holds, and the reform for which there is a crying need will soon be inaugurated. if mothers fully realized how their words and opinions affect their little ones, whose success in life means their happiness and whose failures means their woe, we should hear around the fireside and at our boards more about the possibilities of the negro and less about his incapacity, more about his virtues and less about his vices which are exaggerated to a nauseating degree by his foes. Another if that affects the mental health of the child now confronts. If mothers understood how much good they could do by making the home an annex to the school much of the friction between training houses of the young wo'd be eleminated. If mothers understood how much they could whet the child's appetite for knowledge by taking an interest in his school work, the number of children who study because they want to learn, and not because they are forced to wo'd be [?] [?] [?] in this attack upon the little foxes that spoil the precious vines of the home. If women were more selfish by nature. it is quite possible that they would not so flagrantly neglect the duty they owe themselves. For their own progress and improvement the vast majority of women make little or no provisions, and are thus not only unjust to themselves, but to their families as well. The mother who deprives her children of the benefit always derived from comming in contact with those who are constantly broardening their minds by study and reading does them an injury for which nothing can compensate. The woman who allows her mind to be completely absorbed by her house- hold care and permits her time to be entirely consumed by them can never wield influence in the home, which the sacred position she occupies bids her exert. It is just necessary to the mental health of a child that the mother find time to feed his mind as it is for his physical welfare that she should look carefully after the food that nourishes his body. If every woman considered it to be her duty to spend only a half day twice a year in an art gallery or a picture store for the purpose of cultivating a taste for art, feasting her eyes on the beautiful. and refreshing her mental and spiritual being, not only would great benefit accrue to herself, but to the various members of her household as well. With such a woman at the head of a family, it wo'd be impossible for the tone of a home to be any thing but pure and lofty. By the example of such a mpther children would be taught to open their eyes both to the beauties of nature, and art, to glean information from every available source, would learn to find pleasure in the pursuit of the higher rather than the lower things in life. The duties of women in the home are already so numerous and exacting that it seems like a cruel imposition to increase them one jot or one title. And yet it is just as true that women can not thrive on this limited deit. But how much time for reading and visiting art galleries has a woman with the cares of a household resting upon her, inquires a multitude of my sisters who [?] [?] them. [?] [?] nile band might occasionally bene[?] in a body to visit the various place [?] about the city where they could see and learn something new, so that when they came together in their play they would know how to entertain each other pleasurably and profitably Having something in common in which they are all interested they will be eager to exchange ideas and views, In these [?] children of proper age and sufficient training might be encouraged to write little stories to be read to their playmates. Our boys and girls have almo[?] no incentive to learn to write outside of the pressure bro't to bear in the school room, so that these little neigborh[?] literaries should be made a medium fro which our geniuses may be discovered and encourage to develop their [?]. If women only realized how [?] they might do for unfortunate [?] in their own homes many a li[?] wo'd be rescued as a brand from [?] who without their help would [?] to destruction. Neglect to provide the amusement and recreation of children in their own homes has caused the downfall of manty a boy and girl [?] whom better thing had been confidently expected. Forced to find outside of their homes what should have [?] under the parental roof [?] and easy prey to temptation whic[?] they have neither the sense nor the st[?] th to resist. Thus we see h[?] ifold are the duties of women in the home neither a[?][?][?] ghte nor discouraged they will assume the great responsibilities assigned to them [?]trong in the assurance that He who gui[?][?] the destinies of nations will not w[?]th hold wisdom and strength from tho[?]e to whom is entrusted the fate of [?] [?] ustitution tunate members of the race is to be reached and cultivated, it must be thro the nurturing efforts of women in their work with little waifs and strays for whom we are largely responsible. In considering the laws of heredity alone we are forced to the conlcusion that woman's power for good is without limit, that it can be neither measured nor weighed by any standard that the finite mind can suggest. If mercy, charity, integrity and virtue are to prevail, they will triumph over evil, largely thro' the work in the home. If the ifs that now r[?]ist our efforts for good and mock our struggle for right are to be routed, they must be vanquished largely through the determination and perseverance of woman in the home. Let us then press forward toward the goal for which we strive since Humanity with all its fears, With all the hopes of future years Is hanging breathless on our fate. Prof. I. Garland Penn who was Chief Commissioner for the Negro Exhibits at the Atlanta Exposition, and now Secretary of the Epworth League of the M. E. Church, was in the city this week discharging official duties in connection with that society. Mr. Penn addressed a very appreciative audience at the Centenary M. E. Church Monday night. He ventured the assertion that no other agency or organization is doing, or is calculated to so so much for the advancement of the Negro race as the M.E. Church. Miss Nancy Jones, returned Missionary to Africa, after having pent some time with her mother left for Chicago by way of Atlanta this week. THE CITY ELECTION. A Change of Administration The Negro a potent factor- What Recognition is he to receive? For some weeks Memphis was the scene of the hottest campaigns this city has ever witnessed. Altho only a local election it has scarcely been equaled in point of interest and enthusiasm by any previous election, not even excepting the presidential. There were only two tickets in the field and both of these were democratic, one being headed by Mayor Clapp who was seeking re-election and the other by Mr. J.J. Williams who was defeated by Mr. Clapp four years ago for the same position. Mr. Clapp's managers introduced a new feature in the campaign by importing the famous Cook County Marching Club and Cook County Brass Band of Chicago. This more proved to be rather detrimental to Mr. Clapp's interest, the drift opinion being that since it was only to be a local election there was not need of bringing foreigners into the field. The move while apparently a brilliant one failed of success and will hardly be repeated here in the future. Another surprising feature that is exciting comment is the part the Negro played in the affair. For some time past this vote has been practically silenced by the secret ballot system and the requirement of a poll tax receipt. Neither of these seemed to work against the Negro in this election, for the vote of this element was surprisingly large. It was clearly demonstrated that the Negro holds the balance of power in this city and must hereafter be recognized as a potent factor in all elections. The bulk of this vote was turned to support of the Williams ticket and thus decided the contest in favor of that gentleman and his associates, with the exception of two members of the Board of Public Works and two of the Board of Public Education which were elected on the Clapp ticket. Up to the day of election both sides were serenely confident of victory, but of course one or the other was doomed to disappointment. But it is all over now and the stormy scene a few days ago has given place to a political calm, [?] are [?] their normal condition and the world is moving on unmindful of the prophecy that disaster was sure to follow the victory of either side. No doubt even the prophets themselves are beginning to feel that after all it was only a passing vision that has carried with it all sign of danger. But there is still another side to the affair, another question to be answered. Since it is conceded that the Negro vote elected Mr. Williams, what recognition is the race to receive at the hand of that gentleman? Will he hard-heartedly pronounce the words, "depart, I know you not", or will he give the Negro some substantial recognition for the aid rendered him, without which his election would have been impossible? Hope of clemency at the hands of the law which is said by some to have prompted the Negro to support this ticket is not the kind of recognition desired by the better element of the Negro race, nor is it the kind that should satisfy it for service rendered. While the race should expect and should have justice and fair play before the law, a criminal is but a criminal and should command confidence, and human life has become the cheapest thing in our communities. On mere suspicion men have been lynched whose innocence was afterward established. The mere possibility of such a thing is horrible. The fact is a burning shame and unutterably disgraceful. OUTLAWS AND BANDITS. "It is no defense to say that other section of our country are equally guilty We must sustain the majesty of the law or else surrender our claims to the common humanities, to say nothing of the spirit of Christianity. Apology for lynchers is license to repeat the offense, and I do not hesitate to say that every lyncher becomes an outlaw and ever after has the spirit of a bandit. Every Constitutional prerogative should be imployed and all executive and judicial authority exhausted to save our fair land from the domination and degradation of the mob. I speak earnestly because the exigency is upon us. It is no time for soft words, and the prophecying of smooth things when the declaration is made that lynchting bands are organized with a system of signals ready at a moment's notice to swing in midair the first helpless suspect. If our laws are inadequate and the courts of the country powerless to arrest this red handed violence the people in their majesty must rise up and demand needed legislation and then the fearless enforcement of the law." In these utterances can be seen a ray of hope for a better state of affairs, not until the christian organizations all over this country shall have become aroused to a sense of the danger to civilization and the comming generations will this evil cease to exist. Bishop Galloway has struck the blow, let others follow. SENATOR HANNA. Scores another victory in the face of strong opposition- He will no doubt become a prominent figure in the National Councils. Senator Marcus A. Hanna has jus been elected by the Ohio Legislature yto fill both the short and long terms in the U.S. Senate. Senator Hanna had to face the combined forc[?] democrats and a disgruntled [?] his [?] [?] BAPTIST. [?] party who used [?] defeat him. but we never lost faith in his ability to take care of himself in a political contest. We rejoice with his millions of friends throughout this country over the victory he has just won. the nation will perhaps hear from Senator Hanna on the great questions to be dealt with by the National Legislature during the next seven years. REV. T. J. SEARCY Surprised by members and friends of his church- Tokens of love and appreciation shown in various ways- What he says about it. To our great joy and surprise on Friday night of last week there came to our door a company of singers. I guessed their mission and quickly let them in. I think the song, "Give me the old time religion" was led by our beloved sister [?] [*000385*] merely, but in order to devise ways and means for overcoming them. Let us make a diagnosis of the maladies that impair the mental and moral health of the home not to frighten and annoy the patient, but to arouse her to a sense of danger and prescribe a remedy for their ills. If women realized more fully and more keenly the great responsibility resting upon them, they would accomplish far more for the elevation and purification of the home than it is possible at present for them to effect. How conscienciously how unfatigable, how successfully women work, when once they see necessity for action, the numerous reforms that have been inaugurated thro their efforts and their efforts alone will abundantly and eloquently testify. It er that they can accomplish litt office good in the world, unless they undertake something great and grand of a public nature that they utterly fail to wield the influence at home which it is their privilege and their duty to exert. It is in the home that woman's work is most needed and is often most effective. Society is to be purified, rights of man to be respected first of all in the home. If the moral standards is to be raised at all, it must be by her who sows the first seeds of virtue in the plastic mind of the child, where there are no wees and thistles to choke and strangle them, ere they can spring forth and hear fruit. If mothers, teachers and friends did not forget how susceptible children are to influences wielded by those to whom they took for guidance and instruction they would no so often neglect to drip the right word at the right place, would not fail to raise voices against even the appearance of evil, and would not hesitate to rebuke wrong wherever it lifted its horrid head. If parents realized how tenacious are the memories of children, they would not so frequently indulge in jokes bordering on the risque and forbidden with such hearty relish for them as to whet a child's appetite for similar experiences. In short if we all realize how easily character is made or marred, how careful we should be of the conversations of the home, where woman is the presiding genius, where the most potent influences are exerted on the most susceptible minds that can possibly be moulded. If the facts in the case could be obtained, the downfall of many a girl and boy could be directly traced to objectionable jokes and anecdotes related by thoughtless parents or friends. The surest, swiftest way of vanquishing vice is to inaugurate a vigorous conversational crusade against it in the home. Bitter invectives and detailed discriptions of the road to ruin, almost alluring in their void realism should form no part of this school of morals. Not by platitutes and homulies, nauseating in the tediousness and frequency with which they occur should women undertake to elevate the moral standard of their households, and through them that the nation. But they should be careful to introduce proper topics of conversation, and insist upon it that no one else should, in the presence of the young at least, broach any subject for discussion that tends to degrade and corrupt. If newspaper horrors and neighborhood scandals were not debated at such length and in such detail around our own firesides we should have more time, greater inclination and more strength to talk about the new discoveries and discuss the burning questions of the day. How easily might correct principles be inculcated and false impressions of life be removed, if guardians of the young always championed unequivocally in season and out the right, and refused to countenance wrong, however great the temptation to compromise might be. Stand for principle, let policy care for itself, should be the watchword of every just emerging from the darkness of ignorance and the curse of oppression, are openly declared to be peculiar to the negro alone, fact and history to the contraty, notwithstanding. Let a child hear constantly that he belongs to a race vicious, ignorant and with but few redeeming traits, and it is impossible to develop in him that self respect which is both an incentive to effort and safeguard against doing wrong, and throttle the pride and crush the spirit of an individual, if you wish to extinguish that divine spark by which manhood and womanhood are kindled into flame. And yet this wholesale destruction of the self respect of the negro is constantly going on in the home, in the school, in our churches, through the medium of parents, teachers, and preachers and journalists, as, if all with one accord were conspiring to force the negro as low in the scale of humanity as it is possible for human agency to effect. In urging parents and leaders to do all in their power to increase the self respect of the race, let no one suppose that I would advise them to indulge in fulsome flattery which, far from doing good, would do the race incalculable harm. But nothing is more destructive to the progress and fatal to the reputation of a race than the wholesale slander now levied at the freedmen obliged to contend against the most cruel proscription under which a people ever groaned. Let our women see to it that they increase the self respect of the members of their own-house holds, and the reform for which there is a crying need will soon be inaugurated. If mothers fully realized how their words and opinions affect their little ones, whose success in life means their happiness and whose failure means their woe, we should hear around the fireside and at our boards more about the possibilities of the negro and less about his incapacity, more about his virtues and less about his vices which are exaggerated to a nauseating degree by his foes. Another if that affects the mental health of the child now confronts us. If mothers understood how much good they could do by making the home an annex to the school much of the friction between training houses of the young wo'd be eleminated. If mothers understood how much they could whet the child's appetite for knowledge by taking an interest in his school work, the number of children who study because they want to learn, and not because they are forced to wo'd be greatly increased. In too many of our homes, the only object in asking a child about the work of the school seems to be to obtain facts upon which to base criticism both of the teachers and the course of study. Under such circumstances, the child becomes disgusted with his teachers, feels contempt for the whole school system, and takes but a languid interest in his lessons, or he puts a very low estimate upon the judgment of his parents. In either case an irreparable injury is inflicted in the very place whence good might eminate, and by the very persons whose constant care should be to assist the teacher in his uffort to develop the mind and form the character of our children. Unfortunately many of our boys and girls come from homes where they can receive no assistance of mental nature owing to the lack of scholastic training enjoyed by their parents. Even under such circumstances children may be greatly aided in their pursuits of knowledge, if the parents will only take an active interest in their work at school If women wish to do their full duty then, they must throw the influence of the home religeously and irrevocably on the side of the school, they must under all circumstances possible give unmistakable proof of their sympathy with the efforts of the teacher Still another If must be considered MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL art, to glean information from every available source, would learn to find pleasure in the pursuit of the higher rather than the lower things of life. The duties of women in the home are already so numerous and exacting that it seems like a cruel imposition to increase them one jot or one title. And yet it is just as true that women can not thrive on this limited deit. But how much time for reading and visiting art galleries has a woman with the cares of a household resting upon her, inquires a multitude of my sisters who make themselves slaves to the onerous by necessary duties of the home. A great many more minutes for self culture might be captured by all of us than the majority of women think, if they could only determine to cease starving the mind by ministering to the higher nature for the sake both of themselves and their families. Infusing a little system into one's daily duties works wonders for saving and therefore for gaining time when the great benefit accruing therefrom to the homes is considered failure to do our duty in this regard becomes a serious matter indeed. Progressive, ambitious children are rarely the products of homes where mothers are narrow, and fail to give object lessons in one's duty to improve the mind wherever, whenever and however he can. Again women thoroughly interested in the welfare of the race can do much toward improving it by devising ways and means for cultivating the taste and educating the morals not only of their own children but of those whose surroundings tend to deaden or dwarf the aspirations and ambitions they may naturally possess. Children's Clubs composed of little ones living in the same neighborhood, might be formed so as to teach them how to amuse themselves correctly, encourage them to read and tell their playmates the stories that have interested as the home. To the perseverance and to the sacrifices of our women can much of the progress ny of the achievements of the race be attributed. Having accomplished so much despite their ignorance and the many obstacle they were obliged to rmount in the past how hopefully an confidently should we look forward to the future. If the progress of the race is contingent upon uni upon women devolves the duty of teachin it in the home. Lips taught to lisp the oath of allegance in babyhood will rarely violate it in old age. If the sterlin principles of virtue and integrity are to be developed in the race, women are to inculcate them in the home. Great ruths are to be proclaimed not by the roar of the thunder but in the still small voice of the home. If the race is to occupy the high spiritual and intellectual plain toward which it is rapidly bending its steps, women must elevate the one of the home by keeping the conversations pure and free from guile. If the self respect of the race is to be developed, the foundations must be developed in the home. Children must learn that they belong to a race possessed of both virtues and vices like others who have ascended higher in the scale of civilization that they have thus far been able to attain. If they are humiliated by hearing that they are descendants of slaves let our women teach them that the ud Anglo Saxon once bowed under a yoke as galling as that under which our African progenitors groaned If the mental progress of the race is to be accelerated, the influence of the home must be thrown on ue side of the school If women sould charge one of the most sacred duties hey owe the home, they must const broaden their information and n their views so as to set a good ex and be profitable companions to r ones at home. If the great the more unfor- Mrs. Thurman, the well known Temperance lecturer, gave an important lecture before the Baptist Young People's Union of the Tabernacle Baptist Church last Sunday evening. _____ Rev. W. G. Parks, Secretary of Education for the Baptist State Convention, will deliver an address on Education at Howe Institute, Monday night, Jan. 17th All persons who are interested in educational work are invited to attend. Admission free. _____ Dr. C. A. Terrell spent the holidays visiting relatives and friends in Birmingham, Selma and Uniontown, Ala. The latter city is the doctor's old home where he has some valuable property upon which his mother resides. He speaks in the highest terms of the progress that is being made by the race in the professional and mercantile life. On his return, the doctor was accompanied by his niece Miss Sallie Paterson who is now a student of Howe Institute. _____ Mr. T. P. Rawlings of Chicago was called to the bedside of his father during the holidays. While in the city he paid us a very pleasant visit. Mr. Rawlings is successfully engaged in the printing and publishing business in Chicago. _____ Rev. A. Fields of Batesville, Miss. after having spent more than a third of a century in the South, passed through the city a few days ago en route to his old home in Ohio where he will probably spend the balance of his life. Rev. Fields has long been regarded as a leader among the Baptist of North Miss. of this element was surprisingly large. It was clearly demonstrated that the Negro holds the balance of power in this city and must hereafter be recognized as a potent factor in all elections. The bulk of this vote was turned to the support of the Williams ticket and thus decided the contest in favor of that gentleman and his associates, with the exception of two members of the Board of Public Works and two of the Board of Public Education which were elected on the Clapp ticket. Up to the day of election both sides were serenely confident of victory, but of course one or the other was doomed to disappointment. But it is all over now and the stormy scene of a few days ago has given place ing their normal condition and the world is moving on unmindful of the prophecy that disaster was sure to follow the victory of either side. No doubt even the prophets themselves are beginning to feel that after all it was only a passing vision that has carried with it all sign of danger. But there is still another side to the affair, another question to be answered. Since it is conceded that the Negro vote elected Mr. Williams, what recognition is the race to receive at the hand of that gentleman? Will he hard-heartedly pronounce the words "depart, I know you now", or will he give the Negro some substantial recognition for the aid rendered him, without which his election would have been impossible? Hope of clemency at the hands of the law which is said by some to have prompted the Negro to support this ticket is not the kind or recognition desired by the better element of the Negro race, nor is it the kind that sould satisfy it for service rendered. While the race should expect and should have justice and fair play before the law, a criminal is but a criminal and should be dealt with as such regardless of race, color or nationality. When justice is administered in this way no race should complain. So the Negro should scorn and spit upon the offer of recognition in this way. Again, there is another sort of Negro who represents nothing, but who makes his living by bumming for some candidate or candidates. Such is not in any sense a representative Negro and should not be so regarded by any political party. When a Negro of ability and respectibility and political forsight, is counted worthy to enter the service of any party he should be paid for such service as any other man is paid. There is nothing wrong in this sort of agreement. But compensation to an individual for service rendered and substantial recognition of a potent factor in politics are quite different things. The latter is what the race is and should be most concerned about. Let us see what the new administration will do along this line. __________ Bishop Galloway Speaks Against Mob Violence. _____ Public Sentiment being aroused--- Methodist conference expected to give special attention to the growing evil. _____ In a recent interview Bishop Galloway is reported as having given utterance to the following:-- "The frequent lynchings in this and other States are enough to excite at once horror and humiliation in every patriotic friend of humanity. Certainly it is high time for every Christian citizen to speak out in condemnation of the reign of the mob. Courts of justice are despised. The forms of law have ceased to has struck the blow, let others follow. __________ SENATOR HANNA. _____ Scores another victory in the face of strong opposition--He will no doubt become a prominent figure in the National Councils. _____ Senator Marcus A. Hanna has jus been elected by the Ohio Legislature to fill both the short and long terms in the U. S. Senate. Senator Hanna had to face the combined forces of the Democrats and a disgruntled defeat him. But we never lost faith in his ability to take care of himself in a political contest. We rejoice with his millions of friends throughout this coun ry over the victory he has just won. The nation will perhaps hear from Senator Hanna on the great questions to be dealt with by the National Legislature during the next seven years. __________ REV. T. J. SEARCY. _____ Surprised by members and friends of his church--Tokens of love and appreciation shown in various ways--What he says about it. _____ To our great joy and surprise on Friday night of last week there came to our door a company of singers. I guessed their mission and quickly let them in. I think the song, "Give me the old time religion" was led by our beloved sister Kitty Newman and many other voices swelled the chorus. When they had gotten in and unloaded themselves our table and round about were groaning under the burden. In consideration of this expression of respect shown us I could exclaim in the language of the Psalmist, "The earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof; the world and they that dwell therein." For it was God that worked in them the will to do. To the dear sisters and bretheren we give our heart felt thanks for these tokens of remembrance and pray God's choice blessings on you and your homes Sister Searcy regrets that she was ill and could not entertain the guest on that occasion. Following are the names of sisters and brethren who participated:- Sisters Lizzie Saunders, Hester Bumpus, C. E. Lewis, Susie Yancy, Dollie Saunders, Sallie Doughtery, Charity Nelson, Elvia Dugger, Kitty Newman, Bettie McGuire, Rebeca Claiborne, Amanda Campbell, C. M. Davis, Martha Burnett, Sarah Saunders, Caroline Turner, Nellie Link, Peggie Davis, Charlotte Dickens, Eliza Saunders, Malinda Lewis, Louvenia Turley, MAhalia Nelms, Hannah Tilman, Lou Robinson, Ellen Larry, Lou Washington, Annie Singleton, Blanch Warner, Sarah Driver Girtie Warner, Annie Carrol, Mosella Nelson, Louvenia Green, E. Kennedy, Callie Neal, P. Martin. Bros. Thomas Ford, Harry Thomas, William Green, W. A. Johnson, L. C. Larry, and Reaves. __________ Mrs. Annie Singleton died at her home on Desoto St. Wednesday night after a brief period of illness. Mrs. Singleton was well known in this city for her christian piety. She was a member of the Tabernacle Baptist Church from the time it was established, and was buried from that Church Friday after appropiate funeral services had been held. THE MEMPHIS WEEKLY SENTINEL ...THE WEEKLY SENTINEL... PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY BY THE SENTINEL PRINTING CO., 280 SECOND ST. MEMPHIS - - TENNESSEE. SUBSCRIPTION RATE (Strictly in Advance.) 1 yr................$1.25 6 mos................75 3mos.................50 Single copy.......05 E.S. Webbs, Editor N.H. Pius, Associate Editor Rev. W. E. Ellington, Rev. Geo. McClellan, Contributors. In writing to us give Post Office address in full including county and state. Remit by P.O. oder of Registered letter. Address all communications to the SENTINEL PRINTING Co. 280 Second St., Memphis, Tenn. Active Agents wanted. Write for terms. Entered at the Post Office at Memphis, Tenn., as Second Class Mail Matter. Advertising rates given on application. Telephone 424. Every thoughtful person must realize the great and growing need of an organ to represent a large per cent of the population of this city and the large territory of which it is the center. It is with the purpose and the hope of meeting this demand that the publication of the Sentinel is undertaken. It is obvious that is our true moral and intellectual worth as a race, is ever to be known it must be told by our own pen and through our own press. If our habits of industry and economy, our virtues and accomplishments are ever to be extolled, it must be done through our own columns. That there are two sides to our race life we admit. The same is true of every other race. But is unfair to give only one side- the dark and dis- [?] [?] [?] usually done b[?] The minister's course of the Bible and Normal Institute will begin on the 15th inst. An excellent course of study is being arranged. Look in the next issue of this paper for further notice. Memorial Exercises in honor of the late Hon. John M. Langston will be held at the tabernacle Baptist Church Turley St. Friday night Jan. 14th 1898. A fitting program has been arranged and distinguished speakers will pay tribute to the name of the late statesman, scholar and diplomat. No man has done more for the Negro race in this country than has Prof. Langston. Let all good people of Memphis come out and do honor to his sacred memory. With the ushering in of the newye a New York became the second city in the world both in point of population and volume of trade, and the greatest in the world having a democratic form of government. The making of the great city was fittingly celebrated an Mayor Van Wick may justly feel proud of his distinction. For a time the administering of the affairs for this important city will be eagerly watched and carefully scrutinized as it is expected to demonstrate to the world, to a very great extent, the superior advantages of a republican form if government for great cities. The birth of a Negro news paper is always a new life of uncertainty, for it falls under the law that governs all life. Namely the necessity to struggle for existence. The law of survival of the fittest is a hard law in the working out of the details of all life, but it is necessary law for the advancement of the world. Perhaps it is always true that a Negro News paper that can not live ought not to live but in the many attempts to start and maintain a paper by Negro journalists which fail, there are two sides to the question. It is true that many Negro papers are largely filled up with matter for which no intelligent man can afford to pay or take time to read, and is such papers do not find a support that would make life possible for them it would be more to the point to blame the old and necessary law of the universe than the people who do not furnish the necessary subscription list. But there are considerations which those who de- [?] [?] paper matter for [?] pay may Mrs. Mary Church-Terrell Before the Whittier Historical Association The Whittier Historical Society in its Sixth annversity for Dec. 17 announced itself with the following phrase "Engagement Extraordinary." Generally one knows what to expect when the stock phrases announcing the glories of comming events are scattered abroad. But this "Engagement Extraordinary" telling of the coming of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell was received with exception in the ordinary list of hand bills, for she is sufficiently well known for excellent things to lead expectations in any place where she would be announced. The people of Memphis expected much and were generous in faith towards her because she is their own. But how much was in store for them in her lecture but few if any realized beforehand. The subject of her address was Harriet Beecher Stowe and her characters. Only a superior may take such a subject and make a success. No woman with the characters of her creation is better known than Harriet Beecher Stowe There was nothing new that could be told about her. But the story is immortal and Mrs. terrell retold it so well that it had to her hearers the fresh and all absorbing interests of the tale first told, and in that Mrs. Terrell's excellency as a lecturer and artist was set forth. Mrs. Terrell gained her point and won her way to the end by her skillful introduction. Without any blast of trumpets or any crescendo from the orchestra in the pit she quietly stepped upon the stage and drew back the curtains and showed the inside of a little church away up in Maine. the holy communion was being celebrated and the mangled and bleeding body of Christ was on the alter. On the memorable Sabbath day a sensitive and highly spiritual woman saw it all in a new light saw in the bleeding Christ the bleeding slave and in a flash to that woman was given the inspiration which in turn gave to the world the immortal "Uncle Tom's cabin." So graphically and artistically by Mrs. Terrell was this picture drawn that she carried her audience to the end of her hour's lecture without their once flagging in interest. Harriet Beecher Stowe was well set forth with the writing of her great Novel as the center and climax of her life. This done a resume of her characters was so well given that those who heard saw Aunt Chloe, Mars George, Eliza and George Harris with all the bright side of the old Kentucky life. Then all the rest was seen that followed the [?] [?] [?] Mississippi [?] [?] THE GE[?]ATION Of the issuin[?] the Emancipation Proclamation It was a large, appr[?] and patient audience that assembled in the spacious auditorium of [?] Beale Street Baptist Church, Monday night to jion in the celebrating this liberating of the four million slaves by the hand of Abraham Lincoln backed by a strong and just government. For some reason it was nine o,clock before Mr. H.R. Rid[?][?]ut, chairman of of the committee of a[?] angements, introduced the master of ceremonies Rev. T.J. Searcy. the program of the evening was opened with prayer by Rev. J.S. Smothers, after which the cl[?] rendered. "America." The Rev. Searcy next made a brief address which was followed bu the rendition of "Nearer thy God to thee," by the choir. Miss A[?]rine Jones read the Emancipation Proclamation in a clear and distinct voice, After the choir had su[?] [?] Lord is my shepherd" the ma[?] ceremonies introduced the "Orat[?] the Da[?] Rev. H.E. Clemmons, pas[?] [?] beale St. Baptist Church, w[?] proceeded to deliver an address upon the History of the race in America. The speaker showed very clearly that he is a firm believer in the often stated theory viz: that the period in which [?] gro was to be prepared for the enjoyment of a christian citizenship. It [was] urged that not withstanding the [?] that the Negro, progress has [?] [?] there is yet more land to be possessed. "Glory Glory, Hallelujah," was sung by the chior. Mr. R.H. Saddler fo[?]owed im a very strong and interesting address, which held the attention of a very tired audience. Mr. H. [?] [?]aid a very fitting tribute to the G. A[?] R., members of which, the Wom[?]n's relief corps, occupied seat of honor, almost under the stars and stripes and the pictures of Lincoln and Brown. This address lifted the audienoe to the highest point of enthusiasm. After a report of the committee of arrangements, the [?]owing committee was appointed for [?] [?]xt celebration: F.D. Cassels, Ri[?] Dortch, H.C. Tate, E.W. Benn[?] [?]lter Woodruff, N.B. Trigg, W. [?] [?]ev. H.R. Saddler, Jessie Jo[?] [?] Harper, A.G. McNeil, Levy O[?] Lewis, Ruffus Montgomery an[?] [?] [?]ebb. Patronize Race ENTERPRISE NOT CONTEMPT OF COURT. Judges on the Bench Are Open to Reasonable Criticism. The decision of the supreme court of Washington in the now famous Eau Claire contempt case not only makes very interesting reading, but constitutes one of the most emphatic vindications of the rights of free speech and free criticism which we have had from the bench in a long time. It may be well to recall the salient facts of this remarkable case. Judge Bailey, of Eau Claire, who was a candidate for re-election last spring, objected to certain editorials and communications in a local paper severely animadverting upon his official conduct and methods. The writer and editor having filed affidavits in contempt proceedings (instituted against them by the judge), alleging the truth of their charges of unfairness, partiality, and incapacity against Judge Bailey, he angrily refused to proceed with the hearing, and made an order adjudging his critics guilty of contempt. The offenders were to be committed to jail, but a writ of prohibition from the supreme court saved them from that punishment. The supreme court, in reviewing the case, points out the fact that the criticisms made upon Judge Bailey had no reference to any action of his connection with the case then pending. Whether just or unjust, they were general in their nature, and referred to past conduct. The court says it is well persuaded the newspaper comments on cases finally decided prior to the publication cannot be considered criminal contempt, and that they do not obstruct the administration of justice, however much they may tend to prejudice the judge against whom they are directed. While it is of the first importance that judges should perform their grave duties unimpeded, it is equally important that the right of citizens and newspapers to criticise what they deem arbitrary, unworthy and corrupt conduct should be jealously preserved. The court says: "Truly, it must be a grievous and weighty necessity which will justify so arbitrary a proceeding whereby a candidate for office becomes the accuser, judge and jury, and may within a few hours summarily punish his critic by imprisonment. The result of such a doctrine is that all unfavorable criticism of a sitting judge's past official conduct can be at once stopped by the judge himself, or if not stopped, can be punished by immediate imprisonment. If there can be any more effective way to gag the press and subvert freedom of speech we do not know where to find it." This is a stinging rebuke, but justly deserved, and one needed to remind [?]ogant and dictatorial jurists that Proclamation. State of Tennessee, Executive Department, Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 29, '97 To the members of the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee: Whereas, various matters of public interest requiring immediate legislation is are apparent, creating extraordinary occasion for the assembling of the legislature of the State. Now, therefore, I Robert L. Tailor, Governor of the State of Tennessee, by virtue of the power vested in me by Section 9 of Article III, of the Constitution of the State, do, by this proclamation convene the General Assembly of Tennessee in extraordinary session in the Capitol at Nashville, on Monday the 17th day of Jan. 1898, at the hour of 12 o'clock noon, for the purpose of considering and legislating upon the following matters, to wit: 1st. To extend the limits of the city of Memphis and declare the conditions upon which such extention is made and to repeal the charters of Madison Heights and Idlewild, in Shelby county. 2nd. To authorize the city of Memphis to issue bonds for purchase, building or extension of water works and for the complete sewering of said city. 3rd. To regulate the expenditure of the turnpike tax. 4th. To enlarge the taxing powers of the city of Memphis. 5th. To authorize Memphis to issue bonds for school buildings in the territory to be annexed. 6th. To provide for the assessment of railroad, telegraph and telephone properties for State, county and municipal taxation; to provide for back taxing and back assess railroad, telegraph, and telephone properties, and to provide the means and manner of assessing, re-assessing the back taxing railroad, telegraph and telephone properties as above indicated. 7th. To enact such curative and remedial legislation, needful to cure defects if any, in existing statutes on the subject of the assessment and taxation of railroad telegraph and telephone properties. 8th. To enact such legislation as may be needful to cure defect, if any, in the assessment made under existing statutes of railroad, telegraph and telephone properties for the years 1897 and 1898. 9th to enact legislation deemeds necesarry to validate and adopt the assessments made under Chapter 5, Acts of the General Assembly of Tennessee of 1897, for the years 1897 and 1898 upon railroad telephone and telegraph properties. 10th. To enact such laws prospective or retrospective as may be needful to ECHOES From the Pulpit. In most of the churches special importance is attached to the first sermon in the new year and ministers as a rule wake special preparations to meet the expectations of their congregations. We give below synopsis of some of the sermons preached on that Sunday. REV. G.M. McCLELLAN. At the morning service of the 2nd Congregational Church Jan., 2nd. the pastor Rev. Geo. M. McClellan prerched the sermon from the 10th & 11th verses of Paul's epistle to philemon. "I beseech thee for my son Onesimus whom I have begotten in my bonds; whom I have sent again, thou therefore receive him that is mine own bowels." A brief exergesis of the whole espestle was given with its historical setting. Paul's plea with Philemon the rich Greek in Asia Minor, for Onesimus the runaway slave who had come to Rome and had been converted under the influence of Paul was set forth. The application of the lesson drawn was made in a plea for the young of the church who are unsaved, and that especial effort should be made for them during the week of prayer. At the close of the sermon the ordinance of the Communion was celebrated, REV. W. S. ELLINGTON. At the First Baptist Church, Rev. W. S. Ellington took a text from Luke 13: 8, "This year also." he said:- "The old year has been caught up in the flight of time and carried back into eternity. Let us rejoice in the opportunities that the new year brings. Last year in spite of the early and latter rains, a great many lives were fruitless, they yielded nothing but leaves. "Years should teach wisdom. The mistakes of the old year should not be repeated in the new. Sinner, Christ stood at the door knocking all the year you would not let him in. Must he plead in vain for admittance this year also? Last year you sold the pleasures of eternity for the trash of time? Will you do the same this year also? "Is there a Christian here this morning who has been luke-warm for the last twelve months? Why do you live like a slave when you have the privilege of living like a prince? there is wideness in God's mercy like the wideness of the sea. "No Good thing will the public press[?] [?]ed by this knowledge of unfairness and the love of justice and fair play we assume the pleasant duty and responsibility of presenting the bright and more hopeful view. In this worthy undertaking we ask that we be not charged with the failures and short-comings of others who have preceeded us in the field, preferring rather to be put on our own merit. We are sure that with the support and encouragement we shall earnestly strive to deserve, we will give to this public a news paper worthy of the name. Sheriff W.W. Carnes announces that he will not stand for reelection. Now for a scranmele for that officer's shoes. If you with to kown the bright side of our race life, subscribe for the Sentinel. The excellent address deliverd by Mrs. Mary Church-Terrell before the Alumni Association and friends of LeMoyne Institute will appear elsewhere in this issue. Ehe fight between Mr. Benton McMillin and Mr. T.B. Turley for the seat in the U.S. Senate made vacant by the death of Senator Harris, is growing more and more interesting as the date for the assembling of the extra session of the Legislature draws near. As between the two we favor Senator Turley. The Commercial Appeal is to be commeneed for the stand it takes against linch law in an article published in a recent issue of that paper. The contest between Judge J.M. Greer and Gen. Geo. B. Peters for the position of County Attorney was decided in favor of Gen. Peters. If you want to come in contact with the cultured minds and intelectual life of our own people, read the SENTINEL. We call attention of our readers to enteresting extracts which appear in another column under the heading of "Echos from the Pulpits." The best thouhgts uttered by Negro preachers from time to time will be gathered and given to our readers. Many good things are being timely and well said by this class of gentlemen which deserve to be known beyond their own congregation. Read what they say. not take into full consideration, the neglect of which contribute to the death of some papers that might best live. Surely no intelligent Negro can fail to feel the need of a good newspaper for his own people in any community where the numbers of the race are large. The news paper is an educator and a defender every where and there are no people under the sun who need education defense more than the Negroes. It is a pity that in this Christian republic of ours that it can be said with any measure of truth that the white new papers are generally inconsiderate and very often unfair in their presentation of the Negroes in their several communities in matters that touch them most vitally. If we were able to present our own side by intelligent, manly and fearless utterances through our own news papar columns, we would get a hearing and respect in their own, that is now denied us. To sustain such papers among us is a great task but by no means so great as we would make it. There are among us men and women in every community who are able to defend by the pen which truly is ever more powerful than the sword or mob violence and if the masses of our eople could be made to realize this possession of the race, which could so advance its cause; it would support able news papers through which our strongest could be heard to plead for the right and to teach the masses how ro demand the right in ways that cauld not fail. To whatever extent a Negro news paper presents itself as a ture teacher, and a defender of its own people it should have an abundant support. The SENTINEL announces itself this week as one come with worthy motives and high hopes. It has provided itself with an editorial staff who will seek to furnish a paper that will commend itself to all. The questions of the day, and a faithful defense of the Negro where he needs it in news paper columns will be the chief things to be seen after, but short studies in art, literary criticisms and literary attempts by Negroes will be things to be seen in the weekly columus of the SENTINEL. The Commercial Appeal's Almanac for 1898 has just been published. It is very comprehensive and accurate furnishing 444 pages of the most useful information. This periodical certainly meets the demands of our wide awake city, and the south. The Commercial is to be congratulated upon the excellency of his Almanac. effable pathos and pity fo the very names of Eva, poor Lucy, Cassy and Uncle Tom bring to mind. We have wept over them all and hated old Simon Legree unto death. These pictures with a few strokes of the pen Mrs. Terrell made all to see a new. Of Mrs. Terrell herself one would have to go so far to be extravagant in praise In her lecture and afterwards in her meeting friends and strangers a like there was the absolute absence of all affectation and snobishness. In short there was in all she said and did the evidence of the real cultured lady that she is. Mrs. Terrell graduated from Oberlin, Classical Course with the Class of '84. Her immediate worth was apparent in that she was invited upon her graduation to become register and tutor in Oberlin College. this would have made her a member of its faculty. The honor of this call was great for it was the first and only such that has ever been given to one of the Negro race by a College of such rank as Oberlin. She was Miss Church then and declined the call because she was so soon to marry Mr. Terrell whose wife she now is. After marriage Mrs. Terrell spent more than two years in Europe in study and travel. She studied French at Paris and Lausanne Switzerland a year. The she studied German for one year at Berlin enjoying in the meantime the German opera and theater. Afterwards she went to Italy and in Florence studied Italian; having advantage at the same time of the worlds famous art galleries. Behind all the culture from her advantages was Mrs. Terrell herself, who at once appealed to all who met her aud made them want to know her. The people of Memphis were justly proud of this lady who had been a child among them and had gone our from among them and become the Mrs. Terrell that she is. New Year's morning found the residence of Mrs. Wright Moore, 164 Beale St. alight with brightness and cheerfulness. The brightness of the day added greatly to this beautiful home. In it was assembled the Ruth Circl with its invited guest which were ae follows:- Mrs. Mary Church-Terrell, the hon. ored Guest. Mrs. R. Church, J.O. Broughton Newson, Horton. Misses Rivers, Flossie Jackson, Jessie Jackson, Estelle Washington, Elvira Jones, Bonnette Goldsby, Lillian Coe- Emma and Margarite West. The guest chatted a while in the parlors when they were invited by the Pres. and hostess (Mrs. Wright Moore) to the dining room, which was a picturesque scenery. The table was beautifully decorated with rose buds, hyacinths, ferns and burning candles of pink, green and red shades. the breakfast consisted of five cours-s es most deliciously prepared, and artisticly served. After breakfast the gues repaired to the parlors where a short but interesting program was rendered. HOUSEKEE[?] [?] [?]ASY. Some Suggest[?] [?] [?]rior Deco- While it can be h[?] said that there is any royal ro[?] [?] ways, means and methods tha[?] [?]tly reduce the amount of work an[?] [?]terially lighten the burdens of the [?]sekeeper. There are apartments in the houses of many well-to-do [?]rsons where it is a full day's job to [?]o the dusting, to say nothing of the labor of moving every article and g[?]ving the room a thorough sweeping. Such an accumulation of small wares as many people gather about them is simply a weariness to the flesh. Those who collect valuable articles should provide tightly closed glass front cabinets in which to store them. The doors of these should be kept locked, and if they are furnished as they should be with dust- excluding strips the work of keeping in order is very largely decreased. Of course if one has the means to employ an unlimited amount of help and choose to risk disaster, that is their own affair; but on general principles so much bric-a-brac in a room is not only unwise but an immensity of care and trouble. The [?] [?]ese beautiful things falls the most heavily upon people of small means, who have artistic tastes and a little [?] the where-with- al to gratify them, and who gather about them more c[?]e and handsome articles than they [?] storage space for. This means days and hours of wearisome and painstaking work for the wife and daughter, as such tasks cannot, as a rule, be let to the class of persons ordinarily employed in such families. Every house of any [?]retension whatever should have glass cabinets built into the walls. They cost but a trifle when the house is being built, and would pay for themselves almost every week in the year in the time and strength of the house wife. Lacking this it is well to keep a portion of the treasures packed away, thus avoiding the continual care of keeping them in order. When carpets are banished from our homes and stuffy dust-accumulating rugs are no more, hygienists tell us that we will be a healthier and happier people. While bare floors are exceedingly unpleasant to a great many people, and certainly are objectionable on the score of noise, they are much easier kept clean and have many points in their favor. The one improvement on bare floors is good matting which is without doubt the most useful and desirable floor covering ever invented. It is easily kept clean and the better qualities are surely handsome enough for all ordinary apartments. There is a steady demand for fine mattings and this demand is increasing for better grades than are at present produced. Familiarity with Japanese manners and methods has brought about a taste for these floor-coverings, and although the style of our dwellings will not permit the use of Japanese mats, it is not unlikely that there may be some compromise that will furnish precisely what is needed. Elaborate table ser[?]ce makes more work than almost any [?]her thing about the house, but most [?]e who indulge in this are willing to [?]he additional burden upon thems[?] for the sake of the satisfaction [?] they derive from it.- N.Y.Ledg they are no more above proper criticism than any ordinary individuals. To slightly paraphrase the poet; "No divinity doth hedge about a judge," least of all at a time when he is a candidate for office. The law provides adequate remedies for unjustifiable attacks upon their character, but does not permit the summary fining and imprisonment of critics, even when their criticisms go beyond what may be deemed proper limits, provided such animadversions do not clearly tend to obstruct the administration of justice in a then pending case.-Albany Law Journal. CAUSE OF APPENDICITIS. Mistaken Notions Concerning Causes of the Disease. Judging from the reports so frequently made in the daily press, it would appear that appendicitis is not only on the increase, but that it seems to have a special predilection for prominent persons. Contrary to popular belief, however, it is no more frequent nor elective in its occurrence than formerly It is simply a new name for the very old and very common trouble known as peritonitis, or inflammation of the bowels, which, until lately and before operative treatment was instituted, always ended in death. The trouble having been traced to the ulceration or rupture of an inflamed appendix, causing the fatal peritonitis, the early removal of the diseased organ very naturally suggested the proper line of treatment. It is, perhaps, not generally known by the public that the various foreign bodies, such as grape seed, cherry pits and the concretions usually found in the appendix, are merely accidental consequences of the inflammation rather than causes of it. To such as never eat a grape without a certain misgiving it may be comforting to learn that it is a very rare circumstance to find a seed of the fruit lodged in the appendix. In fact, it is now proven that aside from the intestinal concretions which really form in the organ after the latter becomes diseased there is scarcely an average proportion of three percent. in which foreign bodies, distinctively so called, are discovered. That these accidental or deposited substances are not absolutely necessary for the production of the disease is shown by their entire absence in a goodly number of the most severe cases. Among the latter may be mentioned a recent instance which has claimed much public attention. The real cause of the disease is associated with the destructive tendencies of a peculiar microbe called the colon bacillus, which always exists in the intestine, and is absolutely harmless until an inflammation or injury of the appendix gives it an opportunity for the development of malignant qualities. The microbes then multiply with great rapidity, penetrate the walls of the weakened organ, intensify the inflammation, and finally escape into the abdominal cavity by ulceration or rupture of the tube, thus producing the fatal or septic peritonitis.- N.Y.Herald. A Slave to His Senses. Scheminski- Vat? You take a bath efery day? Vat for? Brown- O, it makes a fellow feel better. "Chust because it maigs you feel petter? You must pe von of dem ebbicures." -Indianapolis Journal. prevent taxpayers from enjoining, hindering and delaying making assessments and from enjoining hindering and delaying the certification of taxes levied and assessed for State purposes, or the collection or payment of the same, and to avoid taxpayers denying and contesting the vality of such taxes, or denying contesting liability therefor, adequate and proper remedies for the recovery or payment of the same in the case thay are illegally assessed or levied or collected and to pass such measures as may be deemed proper concerning pending injuctions against the certification and cellection of State taxes. 11th. To enact laws, if deemed proper, imposing or creating privilege taxes with respect to railroads, cigarette dealers and circuses. 12th. To amend existing laws imposing privilege taxes upon fruit stands and cigar stands. 13th to amend the charter of Bolivar in Hardeman county. 14th. To abolish the charter of Martin in Weekly county, and to reincorporate the same, and to confer the power to issue bonds for water works and electric light purposes. 15th. To authorize municipal corporations, incorporated under Chapter 114 of the Acts of 1883, to secure park facilities or land within or without the corporate limits for park purposes, and to provide for the improvement and maintenance of the same, or to aid in the improvement or maintenance of parks. 19th, To authorize the creation of park associations, with power to sell, lease or receive by gift, lands for park purposes, to adorn, improve and maintain the same under such limitation and with such powers and restrictions as may be imposed by law. 17th. To authorize an amendment to the charters of street railway companies enabling them to make such contracts or agreements with respect to securing or aidiug in the establishment of parks, and to maintaiu or aid in maintaining the same. 18th. To oppropiate money to carry into effect such legislation as may be enacted upon the subjects embraced in this call, and the expenses of this extraordinary session of the legislature. In testimony whereof, I, Robert L. Tailor, have here unto set my hand and caused the Great Seal of the State to be affixed to the capitol in Nashville, Dec. 29th, 1897. (Seal) ROBERT L. TAYLOR, Governor. By the Governor: WM. S. MORGAN Sec. of State. H.R. Saddler, Attorney and Counsellor. Examiner of titles, Solicitor in Chancery. 109 Beale Street. rightly." "Looking at the trial balances of life, how stands your account with God? "We are debtors" Yes, all of us are debtors. Then let us not live this year after the flesh, but let us live for the glory of God. This year also suggests a limit. There is a bound beyond which man cannot go. the present should be spent in preparing for the future. This year also is a gift from the hand of God. Let us accept it as such. REV. T.J. SEARCY. It was a large congregation that heard Rev. T.J. Searcy preach the Annual Sermon at the Tabernacle Baptist Church Sunday Morning. The speaker's subject was "The Definite Aim." Text Phil. III, 13-14: Bretheren, I count not myself to have apprehended, but this one thing I do, forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things which are before, I press towards the mark for the prize of the high of God in Christ Jesus. The subject was discussed in a most interesting manner and all who listen to it were highly edified. The speaker, in a practical way, pictured the beauties in the life and aims of the Apostle Paul, and urged upon his congregation to profit by the percept and examples left on record by the great preacher. The work of the past year and plans for the present year were also touched upon at length. The offerings for the first Sunday in the new year amounted to a liberal sum. KEEP your eye on this column. Dr. A.L. Hall, Office Hours. 9 to 11:30 a.m. 3 to 5p.m. Telephone 1466. 130 Beale St. Memphis. THE MEMPHIS WE[?]KLY SENTINEL. HELD AND ACCIDENT POLICY. A Cyclist's Disgust at Not Being Hurt in a Collision This is the story of a somewhat unusual accident. It happened on Conduit road one evening early in the fall, and the man who told me about it was an eyewitness. It is singularly appropriate, by the way, that he should be an eyewitness, for he is an oculist by profession. A man on a bicycle was scorching cheerily along on the way to town, when suddenly there loomed up out of the darkness in front of him a heavy wagon and a team headed straight for him. There was no time to turn out. The wheel crashed into the wagon pole, and the rider was thrown completely over the horses, falling between them and the wagon. The oculist ran to the rescue, expecting to see a limp mass of bleeding and unconscious humanity. Instead, he saw a kicking and swearing person who was apparently uninjured. The bicycle was a Chinese puzzle of twisted wire. "Are you hurt?" asked the oculist. The swearing person picked himself up and stopped swearing. he gazed at what had once been a fair young bicycle. "Hurt!" he said in a tone of deepest disgust. "Hurt? Me? Of course I ain't hurt. I've got an accident policy."-Washington Post. How's This? We offer One Hundred Dollars Reward for any case of Catarrh that can not be cured by Hall's Catarrh Cure. F.J. Cheney & Co., Props., Toledo, O. We, the undersigned, have known F.J. Cheney for the last 15 years, and believe him perfectly honorable in all business transactions and financially able to carry out any obligations made by their firm. West & Truax, Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, O. Walding, Kinman & Marvin, Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, Ohio. Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally, acting directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces of the system. Price 75c. per bottle. Sold by all Druggists. Testimonials free. Hall's Family Pills are the best. How to Work It. Cholly- What do you do when your father won't let you have any more new clothes? Chappie- I get a new tailor.- N.Y. World. Dr. Bell's Pine-Tar-Honey will check the worst cough or cure a cold in one night. It cuts the mucus without exertion or straining, and stops the cough at once by soothing the inflamed parts. It invigorates the respiratory organs and lung tissues with renewed vitality. Everyone's favorite adjective, which he secretly enjoys when applied to himself, is "prominent."- Atchison Globe. Dry books cannot always be depended upon to satisfy one's thirst for knowledge. -Chicago Daily News. That Hacking Cough is undermining your constitution-sapping your strength. Dr. Bell's Pine-Tar-Honey will cure it. This is one of the most valuable remedies of modern times for coughs, colds, and bronchial troubles. Druggists sell it. The poetical muse sometimes keeps the poet awake, but it mews of the cat that disturb the slumbers of other people.- Chicago Daily News. Fits stopped free and permanently cured. No fits after first day's use of Dr. Kline's Great Nerve Restorer. Free $2 trial bottle & treatise. Dr. Kline, 933 Arch St., Phila., Pa. If you must tell your troubles, tell them to a reporter.- Atchison Globe. If a man has money it is a sign that he is mighty careful with it. - Atchison Globe. Look out for colds At this season. Keep Your blood pure and Rich and your system Toned up by taking TALMAGE ON CLUB LIFE. How to Test the Good or Bad Influences of the Clubs. Organizations that May be Hurtful or Helpful as They Are Properly or Improperly Conducted- Homes Clubbed to Death. In the following discourse Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage endeavors to draw the line of demarcation between legitimate and illegitimate club life in the great cities. The text is: Let the young men now arise and play before us.-II Samuel ii, 14. There are two armies encamped by the pool of Gibeon. The time hangs heavily on their hands. One army proposes a game of sword-fencing. Noth- could be more healthful and innocent. The other army accept the challenge. Twelve men against twelve men, the sport opens. But something went adversely. Perhaps one of the swordsmen got an unlucky clip, or in some way had his ire aroused, and that which opened in sportfulness ended in violence, each one taking his contestant by the hair, and then with the sword thrusting him in the side; so that that which opened in innocent fun ended in the massacre of all the 24 sportsmen. Was there ever a better illustration of what was true then, and is true now, that that which is innocent may be made destructive? At this season of the year the club houses of our towns and cities are in full play. I have found out that there is a legitimate and illegitimate use of the club house. In the one case it may become a healthful recreation, like the contest of the 24 men in the text when they began their play; in the other case it becomes the massacre of body, mind, and soul, as in the case of these contestants in the text when they had gone too far with their sport. All intelligent ages have had their gatherings for political, social, literary purposes-gatherings characterized by the blunt old Anglo-Saxon designation of "club." If you have read history, you know that there was a King's Head club, a Ben Johnson club, a Brothers' club, to which Swift and Bolingbroke belonged, a literary club, which Burke and Goldsmith and Jonson and Boswell made immortal; a Jacobian club, a Benjamin Franklin Junto club. Some of these to indicate justice, some to favor the arts, some to promote good manners, some to despoil the habits, some to destroy the soul. If one will write an honest history of the clubs of England, Ireland, Scotland, France and the United States for the last 100 years, he will write the history of the world. The club was an institution born on English soil, but it has thrived well in American atmosphere. Who shall tell how many belong to that kind of club where men put purses together and open house, apportioning the expense of caterer and servants and room, and having a sort of domestic establishment- a style of club house which, in my opinion, is far better than the ordinary hotel or boarding house? But my object now is to speak of club houses of a different sort, such as the Cosmos, or Chevy Chases, or Lincoln clubs, of this capital, or the "Union leagues" of many cities, the United Services club of London, the One blackball amid ten [?] otes will defeat a man's becoming a member. For rowdyism, for drunkenness, for gambling. for any kind of misdemeanor, a member is dropped out. Brilliant club house from top to bottom. The chandaliers, the plate, the furniture, the companionship, the literature, the social prestige, a complete enchantment. But the evening is passing on, and so we hasten through the hall and down the steps and into the street, and from block to block until we come to another style of club house. Opening the door we find the fumes of strong drink and tobacco something almost intolerable. These young men at this table, it is easy to understand what they are at, from the flushed cheek, the intent look, the almost angry way of tossing the dice or moving the "chips." They are gambling. At another table are men who are telling vile stories. They are three-fourths intoxicated, and between 12 and 1 o'clock they will go staggering, hooting, swearing, shouting on their way home. That is an only son. On him all kindness, all care, all culture has been bestowed. He is paying his parents in this way for their kindness. that is a young married man, who, only a few months ago, at the altar, made promises of kindness and fidelity, every one of which he has broken. Walk through and see for yourself. Here are all the implements of dissipation and of quick death. As the hours of the night go away the conversation becomes imbecile and more debasing. Now it is time to shut up. Those who are able to stand will get out on the pavement and balance the lamp post or against the railings of the fence. The young man who is not able to stand will have a bed improvised for him in the club house, or two not quite so overcome with liquor will conduct him to his father's house, and they will ring the door bell, and the door will open, and the two imbecile escorts will introduce into the hallway the ghastliest and most hellish spectacle that ever enters a front door- a drunken son. If the dissipating club houses of this country would make a contract with the inferno to provide it 10,000 men a year, and for 20 years, on the condition that no more should be asked of them, the club houses could afford to make this contract, for they would save homesteads, save fortunes, save bodies, minds and souls. The 10,000 men who would be sacrificed by that contract would be but a small part of the multitude sacrificed without the contract. But I make a vast difference between clubs: A theological club, a ball club and two literary clubs. I got from them physical rejuvenation and moral health. What shall be the principle? If God will help me I will lay down three principles by which you may judge whether the club where you are member, or the club to which you have been invited, is a legitimate of an illegitimate club house. First of all I want you to test the club by its influences on home, if you have a home. I have been told by a prominent gentlemen in club life that three-fourths of the members of the great clubs of these cities are married men. That wife soon loses her influence over husband who nervously and foolishly looks upon all evening heart. the doctor [?]ing in will at a glance see it is n[?] [?]ly present disease he must fight, b[?] years of fast living. The clergyman [?] the sake of the feelings of the fam[?] on the funeral day will only tal[?] religious generalities. The men [?] got his yacht in the eternal rapid [?] will not be at his obsequies. They [?] have pressing engagements that [?] They will send flowers to the coffi[?] and send their wives to utter wor[?] of sympathy, but they will have eng[?]ments elsewhere. They never come. [?] [?]ng me mallet and chisel, and I will cu[?] on the tombstone that man's epitaph: "Blessed are the dead who die [?] the Lord." "No." you say. "t[?]at would not be appropriate." "Let me die the death of the righteous, a{?] let my last end be like his." "No. you say, "that would not be appropriate." Then give me the mallet and chisel, and I will cut an honest epitap[?] "Here lies the victim of dissipatin[?] club house!" I think that damage [?] often done by the scions of some [?]tocratic family, who belong to one [?] these dissipating club houses. P[?]ple coming up from humbler classe[?] feel it an honor to belong to the sam[?] club, forgetting the [?]ct that many of the sons and grandsons of thee la[?]ge commercial establishments of the[?] last generation are now, as to min[?] imbecile; as to body diseased; as morals, rotten. They would have [?]t through their property long ago i[?] they had had full possession of it; [?] the wily ancestors, who earned [?] money by hard knocks, foresaw ho[?] it was to be, and they tied up ey[?]g in the will. Now there is no[?]ing of that unworthy descendant but his grandfather's name and [?]oast-beef ratundity. And yet how m[?]ny steamers there are which feel hon[?]red to lash fast that worm-eaten tug[?] though it drags them straight into t[?] breakers. Let me say to fa[?]ers who are becoming dissipated [?]r sons will follow you. You think your son does not know. He knows about it. I have heard men say: "[?] profane, but never in the pres[?]ce of my children." Your child [?] know you swear. I have heard [?] [?]nk, but never in the presence of my children." Your children know you drink. I describe [?]w what occurs in hundreds of ho[?]eholds in this country. The tea [?] our has arrived. The family are seated at the tea table. Before the rest of the family arise from the table the father shoves back his chair, says he has an engagement, lights a cigar, goes out, comes back after midnight, and that is the history of 365 nights of th[?] year. Does any man want to stultify [?]imslef by saying that that is healthy. [?]hat that is right, that that is honorable? Would your wife have married you with such prospects? Time will pass on, [?]nd the son will be 16 or 17 years of [?]ge, and you will be at the tea table [?]d he will shove back and have an [?]gement, and he will light his ciga[?] [?] he will go out to the club house [?]d you will hear nothing of him [?] you hear the night key in the [?] after midnight. But his physic[?] [?]itution is not quite so stron[?] [?]rs, and the liquor he drink [?] [?]e terrifically drugged than [?] you drink, and so he will [?]ith you on the road to death, [?] got such a long start of [?] will both SCHOOL AND CHURCH. -Secretary Tichenor, of the Southern Baptist Home Mission society, says there are 400 Mormon missionaries working in the south. -The statement that Papal delegate Martinelli is to spend three weeks with Archbishop Ireland, at St. Paul, seems to indicate that the western prelate is by no means out of favor at the vatican. -The North Carolina Baptist state convention, by a vote of 88 to 77, has refused to adopt a resolution calling for the resignation of Dr. Whitsitt as president of the Southern Baptist Theological seminary, at Louisville, Ky. -It is stated that there ate in the United States 1,187 religious papers and periodicals, with an aggregate circulation of nearly 15,000,000 copies. Of these periodicals 569 are weekly and most of the others are monthly. -The Baptist mission work in Cuba has been at a standstill during the war. The preachers have had to leave the island, but the property is securely held for the mission. There were 21 preachers and helpers, and 2,500 members who have been scattered by the war. -The receipts of the board of education of the Methodist Episcopal church for the past year were $93,322, indicating an increase of $6,889. The number of students aided during the year was 1,754, of whom more than two-thirds were preparing for the ministry or for missionary work. The board has aided from the beginning, in 1873, upward of 8,100 students. A HUNTING STORY. Exciting Adventure with an Infuriated Deer in South Dakota Henry Wood, a Lawrence county hunter, had an exciting experience with an infuriated deer. He first caught sight of the animal in a dense thicket at the bottom of a deep canyon. Masses of brush were between the hunter and the deer. Having ten cartridges for his Winchester rifle, he fired eight shots as rapidly as possible at the animal. Believing he had mortally wounded it, he started down the side of the canyon toward the deer. When nearing the animal it tried to run, and Wood fired his remaining two shots at it. Owing to the density of the underbrush, neither took effect. Supposing the deer was injured so badly that he could crowd it until completely exhausted, and then cut its throat and finish it, Wood once more started toward the injured animal. In an instant the deer charged its human foe, who was only able to dodge the brute by reason of the thick brush. The hunter at once saw that the deer was not going to be run down in the manner anticipated. But the hunter, who was out of meat, was determined to conquer the animal, whose hide was alone worth something. An unusually fine pair of antlers also adorned its head. Wood accordingly laid down his rifle, procured a good, heavy club, and the fun commenced. In the struggle which ensued, the brush for a space of about two rods was completely trampled down. Several times the deer plunged madly against trees behind which the hunter had taken momentary refuge. Once Wood dropped his hat, and the deer tried to pin it to the ground with its horns, but fell a few inches in its calculations. While the deer was thus engaged Wood THE HOSTETTER CO. WINS ANOTHER CASE Infringements on Their Bitters Not Tolerated by United States Court. The United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York, Judge Townsend presiding, handed down an opinion December 23rd, 1897, granting injunction and accounting, in the suit of The Hostetter Company against Isaac Sommers and Louis Joseph, for infringement on its Trade Mark. The jurist states, in bold and clear language, the rights accruing to the Hostetter Company, and the liability incurred by all who would rob them, by fraud or misrepresentation, of the well-earned reputation and profits of a business built up by the efforts of half a century. The judge says, in part: "The complainant is entitled to protection against the appropriation of its trade mark, by any and all unfair and dishonorable means, by any and a court of equity has power to grant such protection whenever it is satisfied that an attempt has been made by ingenious subterfuges, to invade the rights of an owner of a trade mark. * * In the sharp contest between the individual manufacturer, who strives to acquire and retain the fruits of industry and honesty, and the field of keen rivals, seeking to wrest from him the prize of the public goodwill, the inventive ingenuity of the infringer has conceived a great variety of devices for evading established rules of fair dealing. * * Courts of equity finding that their ultimate object and effect were to enable and induce the retail seller of a fraudulent imitation to palm it off on an unsuspecting public for the genuine article, and thus to contribute to the infringement upon the rights of the original owner, have not hesitated to apply the remedy." Intuition- What some people claim to have when the succeed in making a good guess.-Chicago News. Soreness of the Lungs is a forerunner of serious trouble. Dr. Bell's Pine-Tar-Honey will banish that soreness. It will allay the inflammation and prevent further progress of the disease. It is the most efficient means of curing coughs, colds, and bronchial affections found in the annals of medicine. All druggists sell it. How silly it makes one feel to reach out to shake hands and not be noticed by the other fellow.-Washington Democrat. The Cuban Scare. Although the diplomatic entanglement with Spain over Cuba to some extent influencing the stock market, Wall street expects no serious complication with other maladies may be expected to follow an attack of biliousness which is not checked at the outset. The most effectual means to this end is Hostetter's Stomach Bitters, an admirable remedy, moreover, for dyspepsia, malaria, kidney trouble, constipation, and nervousness. Accounted For.-"What's all this Austrian trouble about anyway?" "It's all over a question of national language." "Oh, I see, that accounts for the war of the words."- Philadelphia North American. How near must a person live to me to be my neighbor? Every person is near to you whom you can bless. He is the nearest whom you can bless most.-William Ellery Channing. It is eloqueince as of a flame; it requires matter to feed it, motion to excite it, and brightens as it burns.-Tacistus. "What is an average?" asked the teacher. The class seem to be posed, but a little girl held out her hand eagerly: "Please, it's what a hen lays her eggs on." Bewilderment followed, but the mite was justified by the lesson-book, in which was written: "The hen lays 200 eggs a year on an average." -London Figaro. Frankly Answered.- "What do you think," said the young political economist "is the most difficult problem that social conditions in this country present?" Senator Sorghum put his hands behind his back, looked at the ceiling, and then replied: "Getting elected."-Washington Star. There is one comfort to a man who knows Bad Digestion, Bad Heart. Poor digestion often causes irregularity of the heart's action. This irregularity may be mistaken for real, organic heart disease. The symptoms are much the same. There is, however, a vast difference between the two: organic heart disease is often incurable; apparent heart disease is curable if good digestion be restored. A case in point is quoted from the New Era, of Greensburg, Ind. Mrs. Ellen Colsom, Newpoint, Ind., a woman forty-three years old, had suffered for four years with distressing stomach trouble. The gases generated by the indigestion pressed on the heart, and caused an irregularity of its action. She had much pain in her stomach and heart, and was subject to frequent and severe choking spells which were most severe at night Doctors were tried in vain; the patient became worse, despondent, and feared impending death. A CASE OF HEART FAILURE. She was much frightened but noticed that in intervals in which her stomach did not annoy her, her heart's action became normal. Reasoning correctly that her digestion was alone at fault she procured the proper medicine to treat that trouble and with immediate good results. Her appetite came back, the choking spells became less frequent and finally ceased. Her weight, which had been greatly reduced was restored and she now weighs more than for years. Her blood soon became pure and her cheeks rosy. The case is of general interest because the disease is a very common one. That others may know the means of cure we give the name of the medicine used-Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale People. These pills contain all the elements necessary to give new life and richness to the blood and restore shattered nerves. Justice may be blind, but there is no question as to the blindness of the man who goes to law feeling certain that he will get justice. -Chicago Daily News. Deranged Functions often result from the use of quinine, hot baths and hot drinks as remedies for a cold. They open the pores and make the system susceptible to more cold. Dr. Bell's Pine- Tar-Honey goes to the seat of the trouble, and checks a cough at once or cures a cold in one night. It exhilarates the lungs. Of course the cold cash we hear so much about comes from the Klondike.-Atchison Globe. The Modern Way Commends itself to the well-informed, to do pleasantly and effectually what was formerly done in the crudest manner and disagreeably as well. To cleanse the system and break up colds, headaches, and fevers without unpleasant after effects, use the delightful liquid laxative remedy, Syrup of Figs. Made by California Fig Syrup Co. It is always safe to take it for granted that, as yourself, so others are trying to do their best. Shortcoming is no sign of short- willing. Sweetness is never whipped in.- J.F.W.Ware. "Self-Control, or Life Without a Master." A short treatise on The Rights and Wrongs of Men, by J. Wilson, Ph.D. This work contains the advanced thought of the century on Religion, Laws, Government and Civilization. It is written in a plain and easy style, and any intelligent person can appreciate the book who will read it. Price, cloth, $1.50; paper, $1.00. Address Courier Pub. House, Newark, [?]Y. Hood's Sarsaparilla. Then You will be able to Resist exposure to which A debilitated system Would quickly yield. __________ ALABAMA SPEAKS OUT. Mrs. J,M, Livingston Kyleton, Ala., writes: For Palpitation of Heart and Sick Headache Dr. M. A. Simmons Liver Medicine is worth its weight in gold. The imitations are not so good. ___ Wifehood. It is of vital importance to every woman who contemplates wifehood that her mental state and physical condition should be at their best, since the desire and happiness of mankind are consummated in marriage and procreation. If she is feeble, it is impossible that her children should be strong. Every woman should know that female weakness can be cured; that Dr. Simmons Squaw Vine Wine will prove most beneficial during wifehood; that it will impart physical, mental and local strength, nourish the nerves, blood, brain, and vitalize the feminine organism and insures a safe and comparatively painless delivery. ___ J. T. McCarley Oak Lane, Ala., writes: Have used Dr. M. A. Simmons Liver Medicine 12 years. It cured a case of Sick Headache of 30 years standing. "Black Draught" is sometimes imposed on people as a Substitute when they cannot get the genuine Dr. M. A. S. L. M. which I think is far Superior. ___ Puffiness and Dark Rings Under Eyes. The symptoms of liver disease may differ according to the circumstances, temperament, age, or constitutional weakness of the individual. No unfrequently the complexion becomes pale and sallow and there is a puffiness and dark rings under the eyes. The functional powers of the stomach are impaired and there is loss or irregularity of of appetite. These and all other disorders of the liver may be cured by that old reliable remedy, Dr. M> A. Simmons Liver Medicine. The fact that imitators undertake to sail under our colors and sell on the million dollar reputation of our Dr. M. A. Simmons Liver Medicine is a compliment to our goods, but an acknowledgment of the inability of their article to stand on its own merits, and shows an attempt to unfairly appropriate the business of another, which is unworthy of gentlemen, and the public should look out for the imitations and refuse to have anything to do with them. __________ Cotton, like every other crop, needs nourishment. A fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and not less than 3% of actual Potash, will increase the crop and improve the land. Our books tell all about the subject. They are free to any farmer. GERMAN KALI WORKS, 03 Nassau St., New York. Lotos of New York, where journalism, dramatists, sculptors, painters and artists, form all branches, gather together to discuss newspapers, theaters and elaborate art; like the Americus, which camps out in summer time, dimpling the pool with its hook and arousing the forest with its stag hunt; like the Century club, which has its large group of venerable lawyers and poets, like the Army and Navy club, where those who engaged in warlike service once on the land or the sea now come together to talk over the days of carnage; like the New York Yacht club, with its floating palaces of beauty upholstered with velvet and paneled with ebony, having all the advantages of electric bell, and of gaslight, and of king's pantry, one pleasure boat costing $3,000, another $15,000, another $30,000, another $65,000, the fleet of pleasure boats belonging to the club having cost over $2,000,000; like the American Jockey club, to which belong men who have a passionate fondness for horses, fine horses, as had Job when, in the Scriptures, he gives us a sketch of that king of beasts, the arch of its neck, the nervousness of its foot, the majesty of its gait, the whirlwind of its power, crying out: "Hast thou clothed his neck with thunder? The glory of his nostrils is terrible; he paweth in the valley and rejoiceth in his strength, he saith among the trumpets ha! ha! and he smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder of the captains, and the shouting;" like the Travelers' club, the Blossom club, the Palette club, the Commercial club, the Liberal club, the Stable Gang club, the Amateur Boat club, the gambling clubs, the wine clubs, the clubs of all sizes, the clubs of all morals clubs as good as good can be, and clubs as bad as bad can be, clubs innumerable. During the day they are comparatively lazy places. Here and there an aged man reading a newspaper, or an employe dusting a sofa, or a clerk writing up the accounts; but when the curtain of the night fails on the natural day, then the curtain of the club house hoists for the entertainment. Let us hasten up, now, the marble stairs. What an imperial hallway! See! here are parlors on the side, with the upholstery of the Kremlin and the Tuileries; and here are dining halls that challenge you to mention any luxury that they can not afford; and here are galleries with sculpture, and paintings, and lithogrphs, and drawings from the best artists, Cropsey, and Bierstadt, and Church, and Hart, and Gifford--impassioned or placid; shipwreck, or sunset over the sea; Sheridan's Ride or the noonday party of the farmers under the trees; foaming deer pursued by the hounds in the Adirondacks, or the sheep on the lawn. On this side there are reading rooms where you find all the newspapers and magazines. On that side there is a library, where you find all books, from hermeneutics to the fairy tale. Coming in and out there are gentlemen, some of whom stay ten minutes, others stay many hours. Some of these are from luxuriant homes, and they have excused themselves for awhile from the domestic circle that they may enjoy the larger sociability of the club house. These are from dismembered households, and they have a plain lodging somewhere, but they come to this club room to have their chief enjoyment. sault on domesticity. How are the great enterprises of art and literature and beneficence and public weal to be carried on if every man is to have his world bounded on one side by his front doorstep, and on the other side by his back window, knowing nothing higher than his own attic, or nothing lower than his own cellar? That wife who becomes jealous of her husband's attention to art, or literature, or religion, or charity, is breaking her own scepter of conjugal power. I know an instance where a wife thought that her husband was giving too many nights to Christian service, to charitable service, to prayer meetings, and to religious convocation. She systematically decoyed him away until now he attends no church, and is on a rapid way to destruction, his morals gone, his money gone, and I fear, his soul gone. Let any Christian wife rejoice when her husband consecrates evenings to the service of God, or to charity, or to art, or to anything elevated; but let not men sacrefice home life to club life. I can point out to you a great many names of men who are guilty of that sacrilege. They are as genial angels at the club house, and as ugly as sin at home. They are generous on all subjects of wine suppers, yachts and fast horses, but they are stingy about the wife's dress and the children's shoes. That has made that which might be a healthful recreation and usurper of his affections, and he has married it, and he is guilty of moral bigamy. Under this process the wife, whatever her features, becomes uninteresting and homely. He becomes critical of her, does not like the dress, does not like the way she arranges her hair, is amazed that he was ever so unromatic as to offer her hand and heart. She is always wanting money, money, when she ought to be discussing eclipses, and Dexter and Derby day, and English drags with six horses all answering the pull of one "ribbon." I tell you, there are thousands of homes in the cities being clubbed to death! There are club houses where membership always involves domestic shipwreck. Tell me that a man has joined a certain club, tell me nothing more about him for ten years, and I will write his history if he be still alive. The man is a wine guzzler, his wife broken-hearted or prematurely old, his fortune gone or reduced, and his home a mere name in a directory. Here are six secular nights in the week. "What shall I do with them?" says the father and the husband. "I will give four of those nights to the improvement and entertainment of my family, either at home or in good neighborhood; I will devote one to charitable institutions; I will devote one to the club." I congratulate you. Here is a man who says: "I will make a different division of the six nights. I will take three for the club and three for other purposes." I tremble. Here is a man who says: "Out of the six secular nights of the week I will devote five to the club house and one to the home, which night I will spend in scowling like a March squall, wishing I was out spending it as I had spent the other five." That man's obituary is written. Not one out of 10,000 that ever gets so far on the wrong road ever stops. Gradually his health will fail, through late hours and too much stimulus. He will be first-rate prey for erysipelas and rheumatism of the go to hel tog The revolvi front of an hot motive, may fla that, upon the lamp of God's flash it upon al these cities, so t shall be deceived. them, try them! O pating influences of the influences of are dissipating! Pa have you? Better sac soul. Good fellows, a that process they w Mollusca may be fou down beneath the Siberian stag get fat growth of Altian pe grows amid the desola tufts of osier and bir hot lips of volcanic S pure heart and an hou a dissipating club hou The way to conquer to keep your eye on h for you to conquer yo my friend, is to turn yo and fly for your life. Oh, my heart ach struggling against they want help. I them, and I have he help, and then we h has put one hand on der, and the other h shoulder, and looke with an affinity which the judgment no power to mak as he has cried out scorched in rain: " For such there is no he Lord God Almighty. make a very stout r that sometimes a ro very small threads an gether until after a come ship cable. A ing to take some Y icate threats and w gether until they ma rope. I will take all the marriage day a thr a thread of light, a thr thread of banqueting, a gratulation, and I twist and I have one strand a thread of the ho advent in your house, a darkness that precede of the light that follow of the beautiful scarf t used to wear when she eventide to greet you, an of the beautiful dress laid her away for the And then I twiste threads together, and strand. Then I take the scarlet robe of a su and a thread of the wh your loved ones before a string of the harp string of the harp serap them all together, and strand. "Oh!" you say, is strong enough to ho No. I sill take the will twist them toget of that rope I will f communion table, for moved--not to the pilla for that will crumble in I wind it 'round and of a sympathizing Caris fastened one end of t cross, I throw the othe Lay hold of it! Pull for for Heaven! ond light in ont of a loco- ay, and flash , upon the ra- t I take the truth, and I club houses of o young man these tests try leave the dissi- e club room, if our club room your money, itice than your re they? Under ll remain such, nd 200 fathoms orwegian seas; on the stunted ks; Iledysarium tioa of Sahara; h grow on the chattan; but a est life votive in e--never! a wild beast is m, but the way r temptations, ur back on them s! I see men habits, and e knelt beside them cry for e risen, and he ay right shoul- d on my left into my face of earnestness day will have e me forget, with his lips od help me!" p except in the am going to You know aker will take wind them to hile they be- nd I am go- ry small, del- ind them to- e a very stoat he members of nd of laughter, ead of music, a thread of con- them together. Then I take r of the first thread of the and a aathread d, and a thread hat little child ounded out at d then a thread in which you resurrection. d all these have another a thread of ffering Christ, e raiment of e throne, and erable, and a ie, and I twist have a third either strand fast a world." strands, and I and one end not to the mall be re- f the organ, e ages, but d the cross nd having pe to the d to you iful Pull struck it a heavy blow on the left eye with the club. The eye soon swelled until it was useless. The deer was now showing signs of fatigue. Wood noted this and thought he would be able to hold the animal if he could only get hold of its horns. Watching an opportunity, he soon had hold of the horns with both hands. For a few seconds after accomplishing this feat the hunter labored under the impression that a tornado had suddenly descended upon the canyon and was sweeping it clean. As his senses returned he gradually realized that the infuriated deer was viciously trying to loosen his hold on its horns, and a bucking broncho could not have made quicker or more unlooked-for moves. At one time it appeared that the hunter's feet were straight up in the air, while perhaps the next instant his feet would strike the ground with a force that would bury them several inches in the soft earth. Again, the animal would be whirling the hunter around in a circle, clear of the ground. Wood says he seemed to know just two things--one that he had hold of something, the other that he must not let go. He doesn't know how long the struggle lasted; to him it seemed a long time. both became exhausted finally, and Wood concluded that he would let go and scramble to a safe place to watch what was going on. The same notion apparently struck the deer at the same time, for the combatants separated without a renewal of the fierce struggle, and the hunter soon had a tree between himself and the deer. He made no further attempt to seize the animal by the horns, but whenever he could he struck it with the club, and by this means finally succeeded in killing it. The animal weighed 193 pounds when dressed, and had 14 points on its horns.--St. Louis Globe- Democrat. __________ A Cat That Likes Elevators. The Philadelphia Bourse is the home of a very intelligent cat. This tabby, which is coal black, without a single white spot upon her, has a fondness for traveling in the elevator. She is perfectly at home there, and travels up and down many times daily. She goes to the door of the elevator shaft and mews until the car comes along and takes her on. The various elevator men are very careful of her, for she is a great mouser, and in the Bourse, as in other big buildings, mice are troublesome. These little pests frequently destroy valuable documents supposedly safely stowed away in desks and drawers. Tabby notifies the elevator men what floor she desires to get off upon by mewing loudly as the car comes to the particular story. In this way she makes a tour of inspection of the entire building.-- Philadelphia Record. __________ Cause for Rejoicing. Returned Gold Seeker -- We had reached the summit of Chilkoot pass, when we were attacked by half-starved wolves. We could hear their howls! Even in the semi-darkness of the arctic night we could see their black muzzles-- She (excitedly)--Oh, I'm so glad they had muzzles on!--N. Y. Journal. __________ A Waste of Money. Madge--What makes you think that modesty can sometimes be carried to an extreme? Marjorie--Look at old Mr. Goodhart. When he makes a present he always rubs the price off, even when it is an expensive one.--Judge. that he will die before his wife; she will not be there when his record is read. This should be enough to compensate him for the fear that she may marry again.--Atchison Globe. _____ Magistrate--"The gamekeeper declares that he saw you take this pheasant. What have you to say to that?" Prisoner--"I only took it for a lark." Magistrate--"Six months for making such an ornithological error."-Tit-Bits. _____ Insurance Agent--"Before filing the claim will you be kind enough to give me a certificate of your husband's death, madam?" The New Widow--"With pleasure." --Life _____ The real clever women put sausage in the stuffing they put inside a turkey. When a poor cook roasts a turkey, it tastes like a chip that has had an onion rubbed over it.-- Atchison Globe. _____ Every once in a while some man gets into trouble by kissing a woman against her will. Why does he do it? There are plenty of women who are willing.--Atchison Globe. It is always hard on a man when love or the measles attacks him late in life.--Chicago News. _____ Some people are not satisfied with the milk of human kindness--they want the cream.--Chicago Daily News. _____ To Cure a Cold in One Day Take Laxative Bromo Quinine Tablets. All druggists refund money if it fails to cure. 25c. _____ The mother-in-law often proves too much for the newly-wedded lawyer. -- Chicago Daily News. _____ For Whooping cough Piso's Cure is a successful remedy.--M. P. Dieter, 67 Throop Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 14, '94. _____ It is one of fate's decrees that lovers must fall in love before they can fall out.--Chicago Daily News. _____ Like Oil Upon Troubled Waters is Hale's Honey of Horehound and Tar upon a cold. Pike's Toothache Drops Cure in one minute. _____ A wonderful talisman is the relic of a good mother. "THAT TERROR of MOTHERS." How it was overcome by a Nova Scotian mother Who is well known as an author. Of all the evils that attack children scarcely any other is more dreaded than croup. It so often comes in the night. The danger is so great. The climax is so sudden. It is no wonder that Mrs. W. J. Dickson (better known under her pen name of "Stanford Eveleth,") calls it "the terror of mothers." Nor is it any wonder that she writes in terms of praise and gratitude for the relief which she has found both from her own anxieties, and for her children's ailments, in Dr. J. C. Ayer's Cherry Pectoral. It would be impossible to better state the value of this remedy than is done in Mrs. Dickson's letter, which is as follows: "Memory does not recall the time when Dr. Ayer's Cherry Pectoral was not used in our family, for throat and lung troubles, and the number of empty Cherry Pectoral bottles collected during the season, told where relief had been sought. this medicine was in such constant use in my father's family, that when I had a home of my own, and had childish ailments to attend to, it still proved efficacious. That terror of mothers--the startling, croupy cough--never alarmed me, so long as I had a bottle of Ayer's Cherry Pectoral in the house to supplement the hot-water bath. When suffering with whooping cough, in its worst form, and articulation was impossible on account of the choking, my children would point and gesticulate toward the bottle; for experience had taught them that relief was in its contents."--Mrs. W. J. DICKSON ("Stanfor Eveleth"), author of "Romance of the Provinces," Truro, N. S. To show the prompt action of Dr. Ayer's Cherry Pectoral in severe cases, we print a letter from C. J. Wooldridge, Wortham, Tex., who writes: "One of my children had croup. One night I was startled by the child's hard breathing, and on going to it found it strangling. It had nearly ceased to breathe. Having a part of a bottle of Dr. Ayer's Chery Pectoral in the house, I gave the child three doses, at short intervals, and anxiously waited results. From the moment the Pectoral was given the child's breathing grew easier, and in a short time it was sleeping quietly and breathing naturally. The child is alive and well to-day, and I do not hesitate to say that Ayer's Cherry Pectoral saved its life."--C. J. WOOLDRIDGE, Wortham, Tex. These statements make argument in favor of this remedy unnecessary. it is a family medicine that no home should be without. It is just as efficacious in brochities, asthma, whooping cough, and all other varieties of coughs, as it is in croup. To put it within everyone's reach, Dr. Ayer's Cherry Pectoral is now put up in half size bottles, at half price--50 cents. Send for Ayer's Curebook (free) and rad of other cures effected by Dr. Ayer's Cherry Pectoral. Address the J. C. Ayer Co., Lowell, Mass. "A FAIR FACE MAY PROVE A FOUL BARGAIN." MARRY A PLAIN GIRL IF SHE USES SAPOLIO WINCHESTER GUN CATALOGUE FREE SEND YOUR NAME ON A POSTAL CARD AND WE WILL SEND YOU OUR 136 PAGE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO. 180 WINCHESTER AVE, NEW HAVEN, CONN. SEEDS Garden & Flower with a world-wide reputation. Catalog free to all. JAMES J. H. GREGORY & SON, Marblehead, Mass. 25 CTS PISO'S CURE FOR CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS. Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good. Use in time. Sold by druggists. CONSUMPTION 25 CTS A. N. K.--F 1691 WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS please state that you saw the Advertisement in this paper. THE MEMPHIS WEEKLY SENTINEL. An Autumn Day. The golden rod was flaming bright, The autumn day was fine, The air was soft and scented with The purple muscadine. We traveled far a wooded path The sky was bright above, And all things seem to smile and breathe A blessing on our love. O! sweet and dreamy was that face, Such tenderness expressed In every line and born to be, Love burdened and caressed. So happy in my happiness I could not think it then, That after parting on that day We should not meet again. For hope is ever found with love, And there were visions fair, For us of boundless happiness, In that sweet autumn air. But many years of shifting scenes, Have come and gone since then, And those dear, tender dreamy eyes, I have not seen again. And once I though with bitterness, May God for give the sin, My baren life and hapless love Would better not have been. But looking back through all my years Of wearisnes and pain I know that tender dreamy face I did not love in vain. The lengthening days and months and years Have brightened on my way By living on in memory Of one past autumn day. And late a faith has come to me, I think it God has willed, That all those autumn promises Are yet to be fulfilled. For I believe with all my heart, The time I know not when, With heart still true, my love and I Shall some where meet again. --George Marion McClellan. __________ LOCALS. Mr. D. W. Washington was quietly married to Miss. G. E. L. Patton, at the home of the bride on Washington St., Dec. 28th, '97. Mr. Washington is a citizen of high standing in this city, and the bride is a practicing physician. She has the distinction of being the only lady physician of her race in this city and it may be said to her credit that she is very successful in her profession. Mr. H. M. Jackson of Marion, Ark., was quietly married to Miss Jennie McDonald of this city at the home of the bride on Wellington St., Dec. 27th '97. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson will make their home in Marion, Ark. Job printing of all kinds done in this office Prof. and Mrs. E. L. Honesty, Dr. Burchett and Miss M. L. Woodson spent the holidays very pleasantly with relatives and friends in the city of Little Rock. Barbara Stillwell, IN TWO CHAPTERS. BY G. M. McCLELLAN. CHAPTER I. The Belfast gap in Elk Ridge of Middle Tennessee was cut a hundred years ago by early settlers of the state. This road crossing the south western section of the Highland Rim of the State leads through rich and prosperous districts. Standing in the Belfast gap you can look two ways, and in all, over a stretch of more than a hundred miles. Looking southward the eye passes on and on over hills and valleys, beautiful beyond word, that stretch away into Northern Alabama. Looking to the north the eye rests on the lovely basin of the state, which extends to the hills of the Cumberland at Nashville. Lewisburg, Farmington, Shelbyville, Columbia, Murfresboro and Franklin are the chief towns that lie in the basin directly north of the Belfast gap. Lewisburg lies five miles distant from the gap but as one looks down on its old court house in the centre of the square of the town and the church spires that are ever pointing souls heavenward it would seem that one might almost cast a stone down into that sleepy little town. All of these lie in rich farming districts, where the whites and the negroes live on in them year after year with all the prejudices and social differences common to the south, apparently in an uneventful way. Never the less, on a quiet stage among these people the comedies and tragedies of life are played out with all the passions common to mankind. There is one story that is only twenty years past, belonging to the town of Lewisburg that always seemed to me particularly sad. At the close of our Civil War Millie Stillwell was forty and her daughter Barbara was nineteen. Her husband was dead. We will call him her husband for Millie's sake. They had never stood before the altar and taken the marriage vows, nor even before so much as a justice of peace and been pronounced husband and wife after the ordinary custom in marriage. It was this way: Old John Stillwell as he was called, was rich and with his money bought the girl Millie when she was young and pretty. She was a negress and his slave but John Stillwell loved her. With him Millie had all she could have had in a lawful marriage except honor and in time at least she was satisfied with her lot. Let moralists judge her according to the times in which she lived, according to the controlling system of slavery in which she had no voice but was necessarily a part, and according to the price John Stillwell paid for her in gold. She was devotedly religious all her life and a faithful member of the Nazarene Baptist Church, and on the judge- old age with Barbara and her grand children. There was only one hitch in her chian of reasoning and that was at the very beginning, namely where to get a suitable husband to start off with on this happy journey. There was nothing about Barbara to indicate that she was a negro, but the fact that she was Millie Stillwell's child Now when it comes to matters of marriage the mulattoes from the darkest brown skin to the fairest octaroon are just as prejudiced against color as the whitest Saxon that ever lived. Indeed not only the mulattoes but the blackest negroes have very little use for color beyond their own natural and individual supply. This arises from the universal discriminations against negroes rather than from any necessary innate dislike to color. Millie Stillwell did not believe there was any body in Marshall County good enough for Barbara unless Bob Nowlin was an exception. There was just one objection to him. Viewed in a most chartable light Bob could not be called any thing more than a "ginger cake colored negro." Indeed he was almost black. But then he had good hair and was almost as handsome a man as Barbara was a moman, and that was to say much in favor of his good looks. For a long time Millie haulted on his "ginger cake color," but by and by she came to the happy conclusion that there was no choice in the matter. Bob Nowlin was the only man in the county that could be considered, and once over this hitch Millie took Bob to her heart with all her plans. In these first stages of consideration neither Bob nor Millie was consulted nor had either of these young people ever given each other any very serious thought, though they were occasionally together. Barbara had read several love stories, cried over one or two of them and had had some girlish fancies of love that come to every girl of a healthy mind and body by the time she is nineteen. she had a nature capable of the most intense love but as yet nothing had ever come into her life to awaken it. She had her share of vanity. She knew that she was beautiful and the object of admiration by black and white whenever she appeared in town. She enjoyed it and so did her mother, only her joy had with it a dumb dread and constant anxiety. Bob Nowlin ran away to the north some years before the war broke out. He had picked up considerable education. He was thirty years old when the war closed, and when he came home he was chosen to teach the first Negro Free School in Lewisburg. There was not much sentiment in his nature but a good deal of the practical turn of mind and a love for the good things of this world. His school money was turned to account on a rich farm three miles out on the Cornersville turnpike and in five years' time Bob Nowlin had But there is a ad to all things, let them be joyous ad. The summer and the autumn pass by and the time came when it was only weeks to Christmas. Barbara wa o be married on Christmas Day. S e how because of this the little Be lehem babe was thought of with a g ater tenderness than ever before by Ba ara. Just two weeks before the weddin day Bob had asked her to come over o his house and advise about some preparations he was making for their ouse keeping. They road over to his fa m early in the morning. Barbara was a little a bashed at first, but very soo she forgot all in the novelty of the sit ation. The woman tryumphed. The eautiful new dishes that Bob had boug t, the furniture and the pretty new thi gs that were to be a part of her new life carried Barbara into the seventh aven. Nearly all the fore noon was sp t before she started for home. It was e happiest fore noon she ever knew and the very last she was ever to have of ke n youthful joy. On their way home a they were crossing a small stream sight of Barbara's house her pony sli ped on a rock coated with ice and fe . Barbary was badly hurt and when ob leaped from his horse and too h up she screamed twice from the p produced in moving her and fainte Robert carried her in his arms to the ouse. A passer by who knew them hed into town and told Millie that arbara had fallen from her horse and was killed. With anguish no mortal t ngue could ever express, Millie ran ome, never stopping till she had come t her child. Barbara was still unconcio with a few neighbors present doing all they could to restore her. Soon af er Bob brought in a doctor who arouse her to conciousness only to feel the mo excruciating pains that came with movement. Thu he first time entered Millie Stillwell's home. Month after month passed awa and Barbara lay on her bed unable to ove. Sometime she was delirious and orn out with deepest depression, Throu h it all her mother watched day and n ght by her bed side with the tenderest ve and compassion The neighbors wee kind and made all those pitiful little efforts to help that are so heart felt an ng those of humble life. When any on of them had any little extra good th g a part of it to Barbara. Many were eager to help Millie nurse Barbara, bu she would let no one take away from her one hour of care for her afflicted ch For a long time Bob Nowlin was ve ithful in his inquiries and attenti Barbara. But by and by he slac so little at first that Millie blame alous and suspicious heart. Bu came with all its golden gleam mortal loveliness which in t ed into summer, and Barvar bed ridden Soon Bob Nowli was visible to more pers ie Stillwell any abled bodied woman could do, and Barbara will never be what she was again you know." Millie looked at him with eyes that read his very soul, and he quailed under her gaze. "Put it like a man Bob Nowlin. Don't be a coward. "You mean as you had not sworn before God and man to take Barbara for better or worse, though it was only two weeks when you had pledged your self to take that oath, now that poor Barbara is worse, smitten of God, though her heart is the same for you, still full of undying love for you, you intend to cast her off" Now Mrs. Stillwell I did not want you to put it like that, but I can not marry a cripple, no one would expect me to marry a cripple. I am sorry but I hope you will forgive any trouble I have made." Millie's scorn was unutterable. She turned to go without a word but her wrath broke the flood gates of her heart and swept all discretion before it. She stopped. "Forgive you Bob Nowlin? If you lay dying at my feet and it was your last prayer, I would not forgive you. The curse of God be upon your selfish soul. In your strength and selfishness your are crushing my child under your merciless heel, but as sure as God lives he will avenge poor Barbara. I pray his curse upon you. With this great bitterness she turned and left him. Bob Nowlin went into the house, he had no further desire to recon his stores and looked out in the darkness with forebording of evil. His nature was intensely a selfish one and Millie's wrath was so terrible, he half felt that he was cursed. Suddenly he was aroused by some one's knocking at the door. He did not answer. He was in no mood to see any one but was much surprised when the door opened and Millie walked in. She had gone but a little way on her journey home, when her great love for Barbara conquered all her wrath and scorn. "I knew you were in here" she began. "I have come back to ask you to forgive me for cursing you, and I will pray God almighty's blessing upon you if you will only have a little mercy- Give me a little time Robert to get her well and strong. Just come in a half hour now and then so Barbara may not know the truth yet, it will kill her to know it now. Just come for a little while longer and that is all I will ask. "O I'll be willing to do that Mrs. Stillwell if it is all understood between you and me." Thank you Robert. I would not ask that i f Barbara was not so sick. Once Millie Stillwell was proud and spent many days in considering whether or not she could let Bob Nowlin, the "ginger cake colored" negro seek the hand of her beautiful daughter, and now she was a suppliant at his feet even for a few merciful visits. so low and humble was the mother fallen through the exceeding great love for her child. (To be continued.) __________ CWI-NAIN AND OTHERS. The Philologist with Malaria and the Intellectual Drug Clerk. The philologist had an attack of malaria. He went to the intellectual drug clerk and remarked: "Will you kindly put me up ten five-grain pills of cwi-nain?" The drug clerk, with the nonchalant confidence of his kind, answered: "Ten five-grain pills of ki-nin? Certainly." "No; not ki-nin," said the philologist, "but cwai-neen." "I though you said cwi in." AND THEY CAME BACK. Frenchmen Who Became Americans Without Knowing It. It is an old saying that when one has once tasted Mississippi water in New Orleans, the Crescent City has a fascination that cannot be resisted. This is illustrated in the case of a gentleman of France who lately died in New Orleans. He first came here before the civil war, and in a three or four years' residence attained a wonderful liking for the manners and customs of the people. During the war the death of a relative called him back to his native land--to the place of his birth--Toulouse. Of course, at first, he was glad to get back; he met again the friends of his youth; he sat under his ancestral vine and fig tree and drank the wine of the pleasant vales of Gascony. It was not long, however, before he began to be disturbed in his mind. A restlessness possessed him; he was not able to take pleasure in life. Around him were all the conditions that he considered essential to happiness--old friends, plenty to eat and drink, an amiable wife; coming to him with agreeable regularity was an ample income from the estates of his forefathers. What was the matter? He couldn't make it out. He could not rid himself of the restlessness; he could not find it possible to be pleased with existence. "What is the trouble, my wife?" he said one day. "France does not seem as pleasant as it used to be." "Now, I will tell you," said his wife, who was a wise woman. "In Louisiana, you will remember, you used to take every morning before breakfast one or two whisky cocktails; then in the afternoon you would take another cocktail, and in the evening you used to drink your whisky and water before going to bed." "I believe that is it," said the gentleman. "You are a treasure." So he went to New Orleans for a barrel of good whisky, and for awhile he took his old-time drinks, and the restlessness and dissatisfaction seemed in a way to depart from him. But it was not long before he was again going about the house in a gloomy and disgruntled frame of mind. "It is no use," he said to his wife; "the whisky does not do me any good. These people here are not the same as they used to be; the manners are not the same. Since Louis Napoleon has come into power all our good, free-and-easy times have gone away. It is all bowing and smirking and politeness now. I have to do this, and have to do that, or people frown upon me. I am tired. I don't know why France, my native land, should have such an effect upon me." "I will tell you what is the matter," said his wife. "Well, what then?" "This is it," answered his wife. "You have become an American without knowing it. Your heart is turning toward our old home in New Orleans." The gentleman's face brightened. It was a revelation to him. "You are right, my dear wife,' he said. "I wish freedom of action; I love Louisiana; I shall go back to it; I am become an American without knowing it." And the good couple did come back, and both have died by the side of the yellow, fascinating, incomparable waters of the old Mississippi.--N. O. Times-Democrat Church Directory .... __________ SECOND CONGREGATIONAL. 283 Orleans St. Rev. Geo. M. McClellan, Pastor. Preaching, Sunday 11 A. M. " " 7:30 P. M. Snuday School 9:30 A. M. Prayer Meeting, Thursday 7:30 P. M. TABERNACLE BAPTIST. 20 Turley St. Rev. T. J. Searcy, Pastor. Preaching, Sunday 11 A. M. ' ' 7:30 P. M. Sunday School 9:30 A. M. Prayer Meeting Tuesday, 7:30 P. M. AVERY CHAPEL, A. M. E. DESOTO St. Rev. M. W. Traverse, Pastor Preaching, Snuday 11 A. M. " " 7:30 P. M. Sunday School :10 " " Class Meeting Thursday 8 P. M. Christian Endeavor Society, 8 p m. FIRST BAPTIST. Beale St. Rev. W. S. Ellington, Pastor. Preaching, Sunday 11 A. M. " " 7:30 P. M. Suuday School 19 30 A. M. Prayer Meeting, Tues. 7:30 P. M. COLLINS CHAPEL, C. M. E. Washington St. Rev. J. S. Smothers, Pastor Preaching Sunday 11 A. M. " " 8 P. M. Sunday School 9:30 A. M. Class Meeting Thursday 8 P. M. St. JOHN BAPTIST. Charleston Ave. Rev. Wm. J. McMicheal, Pastor. Preaching Sunday 11 A. M. " " 8 P. M. Sunday School 9:30 A. M. Prayer Meeting Thursday 8 P. M. ST. PAUL BAPTIST. cor. Johnson Ave., & Roberson St. Elder J. A. Roberts, Pastor. Preaching, Sunday 11 A. M. ' ' 7:30 P. M. Sunday School 1 P. M. Prayer Meeting, Wednes. 8 P. M. Preaching Friday 8 P. M. CENTENARY M. E. South St. Rev. -- Fields, Pastor. Preaching Sunday 11 A. M. " " 3 & 8 P. M. Sunday School 9:30 A. M. Class meeting Thurs. 8 P. M. METROPOLITAN BAPTIST. _____ Vance St. Rev. P. J. Jackson, Pastor. Preac g Sunday 11 A. M. When you want b p nting done, call at the Sentinel office, 280 Second Street. Mr. Wm. P. Haskins, our efficient job printer, spent the holidays with relatives and friends in Fort Smith, Ark. There are marriages and rumors of marriages in Memphis this season. The party given in honor of Miss Jessie King at the home of Miss Bettie Dunfred on Goslee St. was highly enjoyed. Miss King was home to spend the vacation with relatives and friends. She bids fair to become one of Memphis' rarest charms. She is now engaged in teaching in Lexington, Ky. The Christmas party at the home of Hon. and Mrs. T. F. Cassels is said to have been one of the most pleasant social affairs of the season. Rev. Geo. V. Clark the former pastor of the 2nd Congregational Church of Memphis, has been called to take charge of the Plymouth Cong'l Church, of Charleston, S. C. He resigned his commission in the city i '96 to accept a position as Field Agent for the American Missionary Association, in which service he has done excellent work. His family expect to join him in the latter part of this month. SUBSCRIBE NOW FOR THE SENTINEL. Industrial Fair The Industrial Fair just closed at the St. Paul Baptist Church proved a success in many ways. The object of this fair was two fold. First it was to show the artistic skill and industry of the race, and secondly to raise means to remove the indebted- of the church. It has been largely attended and every one, after visiting the various departments, came away with a better idea of the status and the possibilities of the race. All the departments were under the charge of competent ladies of the church and are as follows: Cooking--Mrs. Helm, Darkins, Jones. Millinery--Mrs. Edwars, Miss Carr. Shirt, --Mrs. M. Thompson. Needle Work,--Miss Eliza L. Mays. Quilt,--Miss Cora Jordan. Carpentry,--Mrs. L. Williams. Stationery,--Miss Rosa Armstrong. Dress Making,-- Mrs. J. H. Roberts. Pastry,-- Mrs. J. McGregory. Miscellaneous,-- Mrs. R. Green. Sitting Room,--Miss S. Nelson. who will rise up to the first blast of Gabriel's trumpet. John Stillwell had no religion, that is he made no profession of any. He was a good master to his slaves, was good to Millie and Barbary, their child, and was called a good man. Once before he died he asked Millie to pray for him, which she did with all the earnestness of her soul. He never spoke on that subject again but on the last day, before the bar of God John Stillwell may not be among the lost. He died in the midst of the distressing times of the war. He had given Millie her free papers before Barbara was born, so that she might not come into the world a slave and at his death he left them his property, which his white relatives promptly took away from them, as there was no law by which they could hold it. But old John Stillwell had given Millie some gold that his relatives did not know about and though they suspected as much they could not get it from her. With his money soon after the war, Millie bought back the old homestead just out of the town, and a little place in the town where she set up a restaurant business. At the close of the rebellion Union Soldiers were distributed all over the south to keep order. Lewisburg is the county seat of Marshall and to that extent the most important town. The soldiers at this point were Millie's chief customers. She was prosperous in her business and was happy, as all people are who are successful in their undertakings. But Millie had one great care and anxiety, Barbara Stillwell was nineteen and the most beautiful girl in Lewisburg. She was well educated for that date of Negro advancement. Her father had provided for that. Millie kept Barbara closely at home and on no account would she let her assist her in the restaurant. The morals of the south were loose and pretty Negro girls were the worst sufferers. Barbara Stillwell was a good girl and a lady. Every body knew that, who knew her. But no body knew better than Millie how Barbara needed to be guarded against evil. She knew that slavery with its curse and allowances was past. She had no bitter thoughts of John Stillwell and no keenness of regret for the life she had lived with him. She had never truly loved him but even in such a marriage as hers had been the long ago Genesis declaration "and they shall be one flesh" was necessarily true. He had loved her and had been good to her. He was Barbara's father and in her heart she had no thought of him but that of kindness. But for all that she would rather have closed Barbara's eyes in death any day than to have had her to live the life she had lived. Millie was a mother. She wanted to see Barbara married. That is the way with all mothers and women in general not withstanding the fact that they continually wage war on men as selfish animals unfit for the goodness of women. Millie with a mother's heart of love and pride watched Barbara bloom into all the loveliness of young womanhood. She dreamed of a happy Millie Stillwell began to give hi those little motherly attentions which all men are quick to understand when there is a marriageable daughter in the back ground, Bob Nowlin was by no means averse to her attentions, Barbara was a beautiful girl and Bob had reached that age when marriage was a thing to be thought of seriously. True, from the first Bob often found himself thinking that Millie Stillwells beautiful home, that prosperous restaurant business and his farm would make a nice little property if one person owned it all. But to be just to him he loved Barbara as much as his nature was capable of. With her its was different. She had been left much a lone and was very much like ripe fruit, ready to be shaken off by the first hand that sought it. She loved Bob Nowlin with all the passion of her ardent nature. So it was not strange one May morning when the dew lay heavy on the grass, and the birds were filling the air with song that Barbara Stillwell walked slowly along the turnpike when Bob Nowlin had over taken her and listened with joy to the things he was telling her. The air was soft and sweet with the breath of May flowers and full of the promise of summer. When Barbara reached her gate and bade Bob good-bye her heart was full of unuttraable happiness. At night, when Millie came home, she told her in passion of joyous tears that Bob Nowlin had asked her to be his wife and she had said yes. Millie was pleased but that night alone in her room she shed tears also. The desire of her heart had come to pass and she was thankful for it, but some how she felt more sadness than joy, so great a contradiction is human heart in its desire. Millie was glad that Barbara had found a protector, one suited in age, apparently in character and with a desirable means of livelyhood. But when she realized for the first time that Barbara was no longer hers, that when she married and went to live with her husband she would be a lonely old woman with all the life and joy of her home gone out of it. She tossed about on her bed unable to sleep. Finally she arose and crept softly into Barbaras room to look at her, so great was the yearning of the heart for her child. There a sight so lovely met her eyes she forgot her sorrow. There lay Barbara with the moonlight streaming on her fair young face so full of peace, so full of love and supreme happiness, Millie blessed her child and from that hour forgot herself and all unselfishly, as only mothers can be, thought only of the happiness of her child. The light hearted Barbara danced and sang more than ever, but at times sat silent and smiled to herself. If spoken to while in these happy dreams, she started, came back to the present with scarlet blushes which told of what she was thinking. It was an enchanted and blissful summer, a golden autumn with rich harvests, and a sweet hope for all the blessed conditions of life that passed for Barbara. The neighbor's poken of it to her but they s n probing a wound that they s deep in her heart. At any r resolved that Barbara should n bout it till she was well and stro . "I will tell lies to save my ch know I shall be forgiven," sh "When she is strong, perhaps, comfort her and she can bear the th. O! I wish she would not speak hi so tenderly when she is deliri us, I could curse him when she do ." When Barbara asked after her lover and why he did not come in to see er Millie would tell all sorts of stories. Once she sent him on a long business trip down into alabama and made o tender messages which he had left her. But at last she was driven to wits end for some plausible inventio to satisfy Barbara who was pining to eath for the face of her lover. Late one after-noon in June when Barbara had allen asleep Millie asked one of the neighbors to sit with her and she set off to Bob Nowlin's farm. She reached the place near sunset when the west was red with long rays of light. The air was sweet with the breath of June, and a thrush in a hedge near by sent fou th his liquid notes on the peace he evening. Millie saw Bob in the b yard where he was examining some ewly stacked hay which made the a ste of the meadows, when he hea Millie's foot steps he turned round d looked confused but came forward h a cordial greeting "It is a fine evenin Mrs. Stillwell. How is Barbara? But she must be better since you are out. Won't you come in and sit down? He spoke hurriedly and effected a welcome he did ot feel. "No thank you." She said " will sit down on this fence. The air is elightful after being shut up so long." "It is a very long time he replied. A most six months." Millie Stillwell heart was trembling with scorn, hate a anger which she did not wish to w, lest she might break the last thre which bound him to her daughter. I is a long time Robert since you have been near to ask after Barbara. She might be better and she might be worse for all you seem to care. She looked t him reproachfully but spoke in a quiet tone. I--you see I have been busy. My hay crop was very heavy and I was oblige to get it in while the hay was good. Besides I heard from her through Dr. Hunter He told me about her." A shade came over his face and his voics and manner betrayed him--betrayed th t what Dr. Hunter had told him was not a thing separate from the cause of his absence. He did not mean to let it out but the sharp eye and keen heart of he mother saw it all. "What did the Dr. tell you man? He will tell me nothing. What did he tell you? Will she live or die?" She stood up and there was such a command in her questions he dared not disobey. "O! yes she will live." The Dr. said that she would live. Though he did not intend it, he emphasized ive so that the mother knew there was more behind. She demanded to now it almost fiercely and when he esitated she turned and said, "I will go to Dr. Hunter and find out from him what he told you." Now ther had pa sed some confersation between him Dr. Hunter that he would rather lie did not know, so he thought it to give the Dr's. verdict himself. e Dr. says she will live but that she be a cripple for life' he said. "A crip for life" Millie gasped. Yes, and that we are talking about it I migh well tell you what is in my mind, continued hurriedly and in a confe manner, "You see I have a good d cattle on hand, and I am going in dairy business. The farm makes work, as much as "No; you misunderstood me; I said cwin-in," answered the philolgist. "Ah? I stand corrected. We have been in the habit of calling it ki-nin among the profession." "Have you? When I went to school the proper pronunciation was cwin-nain, or it may have been cwi-nine." the intellectual drug clerk looked puzzled. He apparently suspected that he was being guyed. He attempted to create a diversion by suggesting that the philologist might fine the--ah-- he--ki-nin--more effective in the form of capsules. The philologist said: "I have been in the habit of taking my cwin-ain in the form of pills." "You may have it any way you like, professor, and you may call it whatever you please," said the drug clerk, as he bowed with an expression that indicated that he felt himself somewhat crushed. "Well, I'll call it cwin-ain. But you can call it almost any old thing and you will be pretty sure to be right, according to somebody who has made a dictionary in the last 50 years. If it works in as many different ways as it is pronounced I will either be killed or cured before morning." Then the philologist laughed and said: "It's a great word," and the drug clerk murmured: "And a great medicine." Later they were seen behind the prescription desk discussing something that usually is absorbed with quinine, and is generally pronounced excellent. --N. Y. Sun. Fried Macaroni. Break one pound of macaroni into two-inch pieces, boil for 15 minutes in water to cover, drain off water, add three eggs, a little pepper and salt and mix thoroughly. Put two ounces of butter into a frying pan when hot, turn in the eggs and macaroni, fry over a light fire; when brown, turn and fry the other side; put on a plate and serve hot.--Ladies' World. The wife of a laborer named Peterman, living at Morebath, near Tiverton, has just presented her husband with their twenty-fifth child. Encourage Young Men to embark in Business for themselves. OFFICE HOURS. 9 to 12 a. m. 2 to 9 p. m. DR. D. W. FIELDS, DENTAL ROOMS, 38 1/2 MAIN STREET Call and see him. MEMPHIS, TENN. T. F. Cassels. F. D. Cassels. Cassels & Cassels, Lawyers. Practicing in all oll the Federal and State Courts. 51 Beale St. Memphis. Office Hours: 9 to 10 a. m. and 4 to 5 p. m. Telephone--Office 424. Residence 291. Dr. C. A. Terrell, Physician and Surgeon. Office 280 Second St. Residence. 668 Georgia St. Memphis, Tennessee. OFFICE HOURS: 9 to 10 a. m. 5 to 6 p. m. Dr. A. S. J. Burchett 347 Main Street, Telephone 242. Memphis. 8 P. M. Sunday School 9:30 P. M. Prayer Meeting Thursday 8 P. M. PROVIDENCE CHAPEL, A. M. E. Dubose Ave. Rev. J. M. Holt, Pastor. preaching Sunday 11 A. M. " " 3 & 8 P. M. Sunday School 1:30 " " Class Meeting Thursday 8 P. M. ST. ANDREWS CHAPEL, A. M. E. cor. Calhoune & Avery Rev. D. E. Asberry, Pastor. preaching Sunday 11 A. M. " : 3 & 7 P. M. Sunday School 1:30 P. M. Class Meeting Thursday 8 P. M. EMMANUEL EPISCOPAL. 3rd. St. between Jefferson & Court. Rev. Geo. W. Honesty, Rector. Holy Communion 7:30 A. M. Sunday School 9:30 " " Morning prayer 11 " " Evening " {Sun. & Wednes.} 7:30 Also, a Second Celebration at 11o'clock on the First Sunday in each month Subscribe Now A. MEANS, The Hatter. Keeps constantly no hand a select assortmen of all the latest styles of Hats and Caps. Hats neatly cleaned, dyed and repaired. Satisfaction guaranteed. 308 1/2 2nd St. Memphis. THE SENTINEL PRINTING CO., --UP.TO.DATE-- Job Printers. E. S. Webb, Manager. All work neatly Executed. Your Trade Solicited. 280 Second Street. Up Stairs. Jesse Jones, DEALER IN STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES ALL GOODS WARRANTEED. FREE DELIVERY. 161 Beale Street. TABLE OF CONTENTS-Part One. 1st. Page- Sketch of Ernest Hogan. 2nd. " "The National Association. "A Plea for our Youth" "Negro Soldiers South." 3rd. " "Republican Party in Michigan." 4th. " "Out of the Ordinary." Christmas Number TABLE OF CONTENTS- Part One. 5th. Page- "Out of the Ordinary" (continued.) "The Republican Party." "A New Epoch." "A Versatile Scholar." 6th. Page-"Civic Social Development." 7th Page-"Proscription-Persecution." "Railway Mail Service." 8th Page- Local News The FREEMAN A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED COLORED NEWSPAPER AND ETHIOPIA SHALL STRETCH FORTH HER HAND VOLUME 11 NUMBER 51 INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1898. PRICE FIVE CENTS SINGLE COPY SIX MONTHS, 85c; ONE YEAR, $1.50 A SONG WRITER CELEBRITY ENTRANCED BY THE MUSES- THE STAR OF MELODY In Its Zenith-He Has Won the Good Graces of the Theatrical World by Negro Melodies. Ernest Hogan, the author-actor, who is with the Black Patti Troubadours, has not a drop of whit blood in his veins, and so the story of his life and success is especially interesting to those studying the rise of the African. If he had even a white great-grandfather the ordinary person would probably say it is to his Caucasian blood that he owes his talent. But two of his grandparents were born in Africa and Brought here as slaves, and the rest of his forefathers married only their own race, says Margaret Armstrong, in the San Francisco (Cal.) Bulletin, recently. He looks a thorough representative of his people, for his skin is so dark that his eyes are only brown in comparison. When one is quite close to him what is not so evident in front of the foot- lights can be seen that his face and head are of a very high type, and are not unlike those of Paul Dunbar, the poet. He has the high, broad forehead seen so often among the Anglo-Saxons, and a loftiness of top head that is rare. When he is in repose there is a sadness about it infinitely touching when in the black man's face, for it seems to speak the sorrow of slavery and petition sympathy for a new race but recently freed from men and the enervating influence of the tropics. It is only occasionally, in spite of the blackness of him, that it occurred to me, in conversation, that I was not talking to an Anglo-Saxon, so free is the colored actor from the mannerisms of his people. Occasionally, when he laughs with the chuckle and keen enjoyment known only in the Negro, then rolls his eyes a bit, he is similar to his own race. He has the peculiarly melodious voice which all Negroes possess, and although for many years he has bee away from the South, he occasionally falls back into the quaint rythmical ac- [?] the Southern EIGHT THOUSAND A YEAR IS HIS ANNUAL INCOME-HE HAS EDUCATED HIS ENTIRE Family-Great Love for His Mother- Made $25,000 in Three Months From Sales of "All Coons Look Alike to Me." education, and he sent his five brothers and sisters to school. His two sisters are graduates of Oberlin College, Ohio. His brothers all hold responsible positions and are prosperous. One of his ambitions is to establish a school in the South for blacks and whites. He said: "I should first have a law passed compelling every one to go to school. Then I should like to build a school up in the mountains of Kentucky or Tennessee for blacks and whites. I'd locate it in a nice, pleasant place, where there are lots of springs and it is very healthy. Then along with the education I'd teach each one of them a trade, for the whites and the blacks of those regions need an occupation more than education. "I am interested in my [?]ople. I want to see them succeed, [?]mmand respect. I take many of the papers edited by my own race. I like to hear what they are doing." Ernest Hogan receives the largest salary that any colored man has yet been given, and his annual income from royalties and daily work is about $8,000. His songs are sung everywhere in America, and one, "All Coons Look Alike to Me," made him $25,000 in three months. He sings that every night at the California, and it has been the craze all over the East for some time. In New York he has recently been giving a half-hour's- entertainment in private houses, for which he received from $50 to $100. He was a favorite of the Vanderbilt family. Six years ago he wrote his only legitimate drama, "In Old Tennessee." He was his own hero, and for more than a year the play succeeded. Its first appearance was in Kansas City, and the company went all over the East. It was a great artistic success, but the time of the panics of five years ago came and the actors were forced to disband. He has done little since in a literary VOLUME II. NUMBER 51. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1898. PRICE FIVE CENTS. SINGLE COPY SIX MONTHS, 85c; ONE YEAR, $1.50 A SONG WRITER CELEBRITY ENTRANCED BY THE MUSES--THE STAR OF MELODY In Its Zenith--He Has Won the Good Graces of the Theatrical World by Negro Melodies Ernest Hogan, the author-actor, who is with the Black Patti Troubadours, has not a drop of white blood in his veins, and so the story of his life and success is especially interesting to those studying the rise of the African. If he had even a white great-grandfather the ordinary person would probably say it is to his Caucasian blood that he owes his talent. But two of his grandparents were born in Africa and brought here as slaves, and the rest of his forefathers married only their own race, says Margaret Armstrong, in the San Francisco (Cal.) Bulletin, recently. He looks a thorough representative of his people, for his skin is so dark that his eyes are only brown in comparison. When one is quite close to him what is not so evident in front of the footlights can be seen that his face and head are of a very high type, and are not unlike those of Paul Dunbar, the poet. He has the high, broad forehead seen so often among the Anglo-Saxons, and a loftiness of top head that is rare. When he is in repose there is a sadness about it infinitely touching when in the black man's face, for it seems to speak the sorrow of slavery and petition sympathy for a new race but recently freed from men and the enervating influence of the tropics. It is only occasionally, in spite of the blackness of him, that it occurred to me, in conversation, that I was not talking to an Anglo-Saxon, so free is the colored actor from the mannerisms of his people. Occasionally when he laughs with the chuckle and keen enjoyment known only in the Negro, then rolls his eyes a bit, he is similar to his own race. He has the peculiarly melodious voice which all Negroes possess, and although for many years he has been away from the South, he occasionally falls back into the quaint rythmical accent so characteristic of the Southern black man. He makes so many hundred laugh nightly at the California and he has appeared so often in this city that there are very many not interested in race progress who will be glad to know his story. When I met him he wore a very handsome box coat over a suit of English check. His hat was of Alpine shape and the only article on his person that anyone might criticize was a large diamond stud. But, as he said to me: "The colored men of Kentucky are hustlers. They own property, hold office and imitate the whites. And if there's a new style comes out the colored man will sell the last chicken on the place until he has it. The colored man is great for patterning after the whites. I don't know that I can blame him, for I like to pattern after the whites myself." This he said with that laugh of complete enjoyment of his, for he thoroughly appreciates a joke, even if it be about himself. Mr. Hogan's manner is very gentle and graceful for only the Oriental ambassador and the African can salute with that exquisitely, undulating grace of which the Delsartians are droll caricatures. He stands erect and with dignity and without too much deference asks the respect of the world for himself and for the work he has done. Thus he expects it and receives. For he said to me: "I don't believe in anyone, white or black, pushing himself. What do you want to go to somebody's house for if you are not wanted? If I try to do right, if I am worthy, and if I can do anything, people will respect me, no matter what color I am. They might like to do otherwise, but they can't help it." Mr. Hogan was born in Bowling Green, Ky., a little more than 30 years ago. His father was the only colored sheriff that they ever had in his State, MR. ERNEST HOGAN, Premier Comedian and Song Writer--with the Famous "Black Patti Troubadours. and was much respected. He died when the boy was very young. The actor's sionary to Africa, and at the same time procure slaves for them. He there married a native African, the comedian's grandmother. So one can see that he is descended from a family of some character and force. His mother is living now in Bowling Green, Ky., where she is happy in having a pretty home with nothing to do but to be proud of her son and go to all the camp meetings in the State. I had talked with Mr. Hogan but a few minutes before he began telling me of her devotion to him and his love for her. "She is my guide in everything," he said, "and I can't tell you how thankful I am that I have succeeded for her sake. I only wish my father could have lived, for he would be so happy, too. It gives me the keenest sort of pleasure to think my dear old mother can have everything she wants as long as she lives. I shall never marry during her lifetime. If ever I became interested in a girl and should receive a letter from her, that would be the end of it. My mother is pretty proud of me. She has all the newspaper articles read to her for a week by her grandchildren. Her only disappointment in me is that I am not religious. If I sing a song that has no moral to it she feels bad. She is of the old-fashioned handkerchief school of Methodists, and when whe shouts you could hear her from here to Oakland." Ernest Hogan has never been to school, he told m e, for he went out into the world when he was but twelve years of age. he was with a company of minstrels, who gave entertainments for the benefit of a college in Kentucky. Then for many years he was a pickinninny. Fifteen years ago, when Robson and Crane appeared together her in 'Uncle Tom's Cabin," Ernest Hogan was one of the pickinninnies. Then he went to England and was gone some time under the management of the Frohmans in a minstrel company. More than two years he passed in this city at the Orpheum and at the Bella Union. While here he wrote a song for Hallen and Hart, for which they paid him $10. They took it East and made $8,000 from it in a few months. Although the comedian "doesn't know how a school house looks inside," as he expressed it, he has studied whenever he had an opportunity. He has learned grammar and rhetoric, and he usually keeps some one for a valet who is well educated. At present he has a colored man who is a graduate of a university. Moreover, he believes thoroughly in EIGHT THOUSAND A YEAR IS HIS ANNUAL INCOME--HE HAS EDUCATED HIS ENTIRE Family--Great Love For His Mother-- Made $25,000 in Three Months From Sales of "All Coons Look Alike to Me." education, and he sent his five brothers and sisters to school. His two sisters are graduates of Oberlin College, Ohio. His brothers all hold responsible positions and are prosperous. One of his ambitions is to establish a school in the South for the blacks and whites. He said: "I should first have a law passed compelling every one to go to school. Then I should like to build a school up in the mountains of Kentucky or Tennessee for blacks or whites. I'd locate it in a nice, pleasant place, where there are lots of springs and it is very healthy. Then along with the education I'd teach each one of them a trade, for the white and the blacks of those regions need an occupation more than education. "I am interested in my [pe]ople. I want to see them succeed [and co]mmand respect. I take many of the papers edited by my own race. I like to hear what they are doing." Ernest Hogan receives the largest salary that any colored man has yet been given, and his annual income from royalties and daily work is about $8,000. His songs are sung everywhere in America, and one, "All Coons Look Alike to Me," made him $25,000 in three months. He sings that every night at the California, and it has been the craze all over the East for some time. In New York he has recently been giving a half-hour's- entertainment in private houses, for which he received from $50 to $100. He was a favorite of the Vanderbilt family. Six years ago he wrote his only legitimate drama, "In Old Tennessee." He was his own hero, and for more than a year the play succeeded. Its first appearance was in Kansas City, and the company went all over the East. It was a great artistic success, but the time of the panics of five years ago came and the actors were forced to disband. He has done little since in a literary way but write songs. However, he arranged the amusing farce that is appearing now at the California. Mr. Hogan knows Paul Dunbar, the Negro poet, and one of his ambitions is to collaborate with him and write a play. Both understand the Negro character so well that he thinks together they ought to produce a very amusing comedy. The dream for which he works day and night he told me as follows: "I should like to become the colored Nat Goodwin. The Negroes have had many clever minstrels and vaudeville men, but they have never produced a first-class comedian. I want to get a play, arranged by myself, written by one of those first-class playwrights like Augustus Thomas. I know just what I can do, and if I could pass a few weeks with an author I think there would be a new field for some colored comedian, as well as a playwright. "I should have all colored people in my company. I know fifteen or twenty in America that I've been watching for years, and if I could get a play that would suit us, I think we could do something worth while. For the first colored man who can get a good play and be to our race what Nat Goodwin is to the whites will make a big success." This thorough African, who bows like a courtier and talked for an hour intelligently upon every conceivable topic, is but thirty-five years removed from slavery, and as many more separated from the wilds of savage Africa. So this is the descendant of a race but thirty-five years of age. Ernest Hogan makes a very distressing argument against those who still maintain that the colored people are not fit for freedom, for what may not be the progress of the race in 500 years. Mr. Hogan is known all over the United States. Several plays have been submitted to him by competent authors for the coming season. THE FREEMAN: AN ILLUSTRATED COLORED NEWSPAPER. THE EFFORTS AND AIMS OF OUR NOTED NEGRO WOMEN. A Strong and Beneficial Organization Earnestly Struggling in the Interest Of their Race-The Sacred Dom ins of the Home Brings Evidence of Toil. MARY CHURCH-TERRELL. From the gloom and dismay into which the Wilmington riot and the Illinois outrage have plunged us let us turn away at this Christmastide that we may look upon the bright side of our present condition in this country. There are many things to discourage us, to be sure, but we have some blessings for which to be thankful. Not the least of these is the rapid advancement made by our women in everything that makes for the culture of the individual and the elevation of the race. For years either banding themselves into small companies or struggling alone, colored women have worked with might and main to improve the condition of their people. The necessity of systematizing their efforts and working on a larger scale became apparent not many years ago and they decided to unite their forces. Thus it happened that in the summer of 1896 the National Association of Colored Women was formed by the union of two large organizations both of which had done much to show our women the advantage gained by concerted action. While it would be interesting to give a detailed account of the wok done by everyone of the eighty-six members of our large family, it would require more space that it is right for me to take. At the risk, then, of omitting much that would redound to the glory of the national association I shall, in a very general way, outline the work that we are doing and state briefly what we hope to do. Believing that it is only through the home that a people may become really good and truly great, the National Association of Colored Women has entered that sacred domain. Throughout the twenty-six states in which the association is represented, mother's meetings have been a special feature of the work. There has been a determined effort to have heart to heart talks with our women, that we may strike at the roots of evils, many of which lie at the fireside. If the women of the dominant race will the centuries of education, culture and refinement back of them, with all their wealth of opportunity ever present with them, if these women feel the need of a mothers' congress that they may be enlightened as to the best methods of rearing children an dconducting their homes, how much more do our women, from whom schackles have but yesterday fallen, need information on the same subjects! And so the association is working vigorously, and continuously to establish mothers' congresses wherever our women may be found. By the Tuskegee Alabama branch the work of bringing the light of knowledge and the gospel of cleanliness to their benefited sisters on the plantations has been conducted with signal success. Their efforts have thus far been confined to four estates, comprising thousands of acres of land, on which live hundreds of colored people, miles away from churches and schools, yet in the darkness of ignorance and the grip of sin. In some of the clubs of household affairs are discussed and instruction as to the best way to sweep, dust, cook, wash and iron is given. Against the one- room cabin, so common in the rural settlements of some sections, we have made a vigorous crusade. When families of eight or ten men, women and children are all huddled together in a single apartment, there is little hope of inculcating morality or modesty. And yet, in spite of their environments which are so destructive of virtue, and through the safeguards usually thrown around maidenly youth and innocence are in some sections withheld from colored girls, statistics compiled by men, not inclined to falsify in favor of any race, show that immorality among colored women is not so great as among women in countries like Austria, Italy, Germany Sweden, and France. dred dollars, which its founders hope will soon be increased. By some of the association organizations charitable institutions have been established and are either supported entirely or partially by the members. Notable among these is the Old Folks' Home of Memphis, Tenn. Mr. Merg's institute is an excellent example of a work originated and carried into successful execution by a colored woman who is president of the organization in that place. The school was established for the benefit of colored people on the plantations in the black belt of Alabama, Because of the 700,000 Negroes living in that state probably ninety percent are outside of the cities. Waugh was selected because in the township of Mr. Meigs the population is practically all colored. Insctruction given in this school is of the kind best suited to the needs of the people for whom it was established. Along with their scholastic training girls are taught everything pertaining to the management of the home, while the boys learn practical farming, carpentering, wheelwrighting, blacksmithing and have some military training. Having started with almost nothing only nine years ago the trustees of the school now own nine acres of land and five buildings in which two thousand pupils have received instruction, all through the courage and industry and sacrifice of one good woman. The Chicago clubs are all active, earnest and progressive. One of them puts forth all of its efforts in the rescue of fallen women and tempted girls. Questions affecting our legal status as a race are constantly agitated by our women. In Louisiana and Tennessee colored women have several times petitioned the legislatures of their respective states to repeal the obnoxious Jim Crow car laws, nor will any stone be left unturned until this iniquitous and unjust enactment be forever wiped from the statutes of the South. Against the barbarous Convict Lease system of Georgia, of which Negroes, especially the female prisoners, are the principal victims, the women of the national association are waging a ceasless war. But with all the efforts put forth to uplift our race we feel that the one thing needful to accomplish most rapidly and effectively, the purpose for which we organized, has not yet been done. As an organization of women nothing lies nearer our hearts than the children. It is the kindergarten we need. Free kindergartens in every city and hamlet in this broad land we must have if the children are to receive from us what it is our duty to give. Already kindergartens have been established and successfully maintained by several organizations from which the most encouraging reports have come. May their worthy example be emulated till in no branch of the association shall the children of the poor, at least, be deprived of the blessings which flow from the kindergarten alone. The more unfavorable the environment of children the more necessary is it that steps be taken to counteract baleful influences on innocent victims. How imperative is it, then, that as colored women we inculcate correct principles and set good examples for our own youth whose little feet will have so many thorny paths of prejudice temptation and injustice to tread. The colored youth is vicious, we are told, and statistics showing the multitude of our boys and girls who crowd the penitentiaries and fill the jails appal and dishearten us. But side by side with these facts and figures of crime I would have pictured miserable hovels from which these youthful criminals come. Make a tour of the settlements of colored people, who in many of our cities are relegated to the most noisome sections permitted by the municipal government and behold the mites of humanity who infect them. Here are our little ones, the future representatives of the race, fairly drinking in the pernicious examples of their elders, coming in contact with nothing but ignorance and crime, till at the age of six evil habits are formed which no amount of civilizing or christianizing can ever completely break. Listen to the cry of our children. In imitation of the example set by the great teacher of men, who could not offer himself as a sacrifice until he had made an eternal plea for the innocence and helplessness of childhood, colored women should everywhere reach out after the waifs and strays who without their aid may be doomed to lives of evil and shame. As our organization, the National As- I do not obje[?] to it. But where the boy or girl is w [?] rking hi [?] way through school and the parent, [?] I have observed in hundred[?] of cas[?], spends his time idly or spend[?] his money for unnecessary things, is a [?] to inflict such hardships upon our' [?]uth. I have no faith in the doctri[?] [?] is best to throw the youth up[?] [?] own resources. It is unnatu[?] [?]ndemened by the laws of God and m[?] . The farmer could with as much sense plant his grain, see it germinate, turn it over to the mercy of the elements, sit down and expect full granaries. The cost of tuition and board, where the student pays all of his expenses, including furnished room, table board, lights, fires, washing, physician, and hospital fees, etc., is only $52.50 a year at Normal. It is about the same in most schools of this character. It is $75 to $100 for schools of the grade of Fisk University. To this may be added the liberal allowance of $40 per school year of nine months for incidentals, including clothing, books, etc. So we may conclude that from $92.50 to $140 per year will pay a student through school and give him leisure for study. Most of our Normal courses cover a period of three years, which would bring the cost of such education at from $277.50 to $420. Graduation from the Normal course gives a young person sufficient training and education to help him through life, taking only the utilitarian view of it. Now let us inquire: (7) How much of above estimated expenses is borne by the parent? (2) How much by the student? (3) How much by charitable people on the scholarship plan, and then (4) how much remains unpaid? But as we are now dealing with the parent and child we dismiss the others. The parent pays less than one- half of the expenses of students in the normal schools. Indeed, I think one- third would be a liberal estimate. Charitable people, student labor and unpaid accounts represent fully two-thirds of the expenses of students in our normal schools. This speaks volumes for student labor, volumes for charity and volumes for the indulgence of creditors; but very poorly for the parents. I am aware that these statements will be challenged by some person who will seek a kind of cheap popularity with parent at the expense of the child and future generations. But I speak the truth, as I have seen it during thirty-one years of experience in the school room. It is wrong to burden the student with the mental work necessary to education, with the manual labor necessary to learning a trade and then the hard task of providing means for his books, clothing, etc. A certain amount of leisure and exemption from burdens and strains is absolutely necessary for the struggles for education. Present processes will not only tend to lower the grade of scholarship, but will lessen respect for the college and university and for deep and profound learning. A race had just as well attempt to lay aside the hammer and the saw, the shovel and the hoe, the washtub and the needle, as to discard the college and the university. The youth must be assisted into a knowledge and use of all. If our youth are failures when they leave school is it not often the fault of hard struggle in school, so that in haste to "get through" many essential details of a good education are neglected? A young person who has to drag himself through school "somehow" or depend upon charity has not that boldness and self-assertion so absolutely necessary to success and which is seen in the well balanced young person whose parents, his proper supporters, gave him that strong id which can only come from the parent. If we will give our youth that moral and financial support which they should receive from us, I doubt if we will find as many as 1 per cent. weaklings among them when they leave school. They will go forth encouraged, manly young men and womanly young women, and not with a cowardly, slavish sense of obligation or under-estimation of their own worth. It is just as dangerous to place a low, mean estimation upon one's self as it is to over-estimate one's value. Indeed, our salvation lies in putting into our youth a manly, noble, self-respecting, ambitious character. I have not changed my views one jot or title on industrial education in the last fifteen years. But there is a painful harmful misconception of the mission of the industrial school. This false idea seeks not only to consign the youth in school, but the entire race to a life of abject, ignorant drudgery. The idea of drudgery work in the industrial school is becoming dangerous. the youth who is learning a trade needs time for actual study and reflection on the principles of that trade, as he does for his lessons in literary branches. But he is usually rushed for time for study in the ordinary branches, then rushed for time to study his trade; or under the popular idea of the "practical" he is forced into the merest drudgery for means of support in school. He has no time for solid, substantial thought along either industrial or literary lines. Is it, then, a matter of surprise that so many do not succeed? Yea, it is amazing that so many do succeed so well. I want the boy or girl studying carpentry, shoemaking, sewing, agriculture to have the same time for reflection as the boy or girl who studies law, medicine, theology, pedagogy. Only in this way can we elevate the cook-pot, the needle, the saw, the spade, the plow and thereby ennoble and dignify labor. Why prepared by the Spanish army. It was not long before the Seventy-first, either from fright or from the steady rain of shot and shell, went to pieces and was swept from the battlefield. Then it was that the gallant old Twenty-fifth Infantry saved the American flag from dishonor and the American army from disgrace. It is reported that a Spanish officer said to a United States officer that "if you will take the Negro soldiers off the field we will whip the whole United States army." It had not been more than six weeks since these Chattanooga "yaps" had refused to sell those brave boys a glass of soda water or a glass of beer in a tenth- rate saloon. Although on their way to save the nation's honor they were herded into Jim Crow cars and made to ride as cattle. Chaplain T.G. Stewart, though ranking as captain in the army, also was compelled to travel to and from the park with his family with the common herd and not permitted to travel as a United States Officer. At this writing about 1,500 colored solored soldiers are encamped at Chickamauga, twelve miles from this city. A more gentlemanly set of men we have never seen. I do not exaggerate when I say that they are angles when compared with the while soldiers who were in camp here last summer. The white soldiers were a terror to the city, and it was dangerous for a woman of any color to walk the streets, even in the daytime. Many white ladies were grossly insulted by those ruffians, not only on the streets, but in the stores. It was a common thing for those scalawags to seize a woman on the street and kiss her. They lay around on the streets like any other hog, drunk as beasts, wallowing i ntheir own vomit. I have not seen a drunken Negro soldier since last spring. So for from being considered toughs, there have been a series of entertainments given by the people of this city complimentary to the soldiers. The other day Lieutenant Proctor, colored, called a "hill billy" down for not saluting him (Proctor). and had the little upstart marched off to the guardhouse. Quite a little breeze was started by this action on the part of the Negro officer, but Proctor having the federal government at his back, the little "one-gallus" newspaper reporters shut their mouths in short orders. Proctor, according to last reports, was still wearing shoulder straps, representing that he is a commissioned officer in the army of the greatest nation on earth. The Mayor of this city is reported to have written letters to the Department asking for the removal of the Negro troops on account of their conduct. he does not say what sort of "conduct." But it is fair to presume, if we accord the Mayor the credit of being honest, that he would have them removed on account of their excellent conduct. The contrast is so great between the deportment of these colored soldiers and that of the 50,000 volunteers last summer that it is probable the Mayor would have these conditions removed. Poor old Chattanooga! She shouted herself hoarse when the army took quarters at Chickamauga. Then she cursed the whole thing out, because their presence was so demoralizing; then she swore and damned because other cities got an opportunity to reap some of the lucre from Uncle Sam's boys. then she smiled when the Eighth Regiment and Indiana troops were billed to encamp at the park; and now the Mayor of the city has appointed himself a committee of one to dictate to the War Department to ship the whole thing away because a mere man (white) got killed in a dive where some colored soldiers happened to be passing. It is gratifying, however, to know, according to the Mayor's own statement, that the Department has treated his communication with silent contempt. What does the federal government know or care about the Mayor of a tenth class town like Chattanooga? The United States is a great big affair, and a man who thinks that Uncle Sam would move 1,500 soldiers at an expense of thousands of dollars just to gratify the desires of a Mayor of a burg like Chattanooga ought to get his school books and study Child's History of the United States. In the meantime Negro captains and lieutenants walk the streets of Chattanooga unmolested. Sergeant Allen, who is (falsely) accused of shooting the white man, languishes in the county jail, waiting the next term of the circuit court. I am not posted on international law, but I do not think there is any other nation that allows the civil authorities to handle soldiers in the same way and on gained by concerted action. While it would be interesting to give a detailed account of the work done by every one of the eighty-six members of our large family, it would require more space than it is right for me to take. At the risk, then, of omitting much that would redound to the glory of the national association I shall, in a very general way, outline the work that we are doing and state briefly what we hope to do. Believing that it is only through the home that a people may become really good and truly great, the National Association of Colored Women has entered that sacred domain. Throughout the twenty-six states in which the association is represented, mother's meetings have been a special feature of the work. There have been a determined effort to have heart to heart talks with our women, that we may strike at the root of evils, many of which lie at the fireside. If the women of the dominant race with all the centuries of education, culture and refinement back of them, with all their wealth of opportunity ever present with them, if these women feel the need of a mother's congress that they may be enlightened as to the best methods of rearing children an dconducting their homes, how much more do our women, from whom schackles have but yesterday fallen, need information on the same subjects! And so the association is working vigorously and continuously to establish mothers' congresses wherever our women may be found. By the Tuskegee Alabama branch the work of bringing the light of knowledge and the gospel of cleanliness to their benefited sisters on the plantations has been conducted with signal success. Their efforts have thus far been confined to four estates, comprising thousands of acres of land, on which live hundreds of colored people, miles away from churches and schools, yet in the darkness of ignorance and the grip of sin. In some of the clubs household affairs are discussed and instruction as to the best way to sweep, dust, cook, wash and iron is given. Against the one-room cabin, so common in the rural settlements of some sections, we have made a vigorous crusade. When families of eight or ten men, women and children are all huddled together in a single apartment, there is little hope of inculcating morality or modesty. And yet, in spite of their environments which are so destructive of virtue, and through the safeguards usually thrown around maidenly youth and innocence are in some sections withheld from colored girls, statistics compiled by men, not inclined to falsify in favor of any race, show that immorality among colored women is not so great as among women in countries like Austria, Italy, Germany, Sweden and France. The Washington League has in operation a training class for kindergartens, sewing classes for children, a mending bureau and a day nursery. Much the same kind of work is done by the Kansas City League, Missouri; the Woman's Era Club, of Boston; the Womans' Loyal Union, of New York, and other organizations. The Phyllis Wheatley Club, of New Orleans, has in two short years succeeded in establishing a sanitarium and a training school for nurses. The conditions which caused the colored women of New Orleans to choose this special field in which to operate are such as exist in many other sections of our land. From the city hospitals colored doctors are excluded altogether, not even being allowed to practice in the colored wards, and colored patients, no matter how wealthy, are not received at all, unless they are willing to go into the charity wards. Thus the establishment of a sanatorium answers a variety of purposes. It affords colored medical students an opportunity of gaining a practical knowledge of their professions, and it furnishes a well-equipped establishment for colored patients who do not care to go into the charity wards of the public hospital. The daily clinics have been a great blessing to the poor. In the operating department, supplied with all the modern appliances, more than two hundred operations have been performed last winter all of which resulted successfully under the colored surgeon-in-chief. Of the nurses who have registered some have already passed an examination before the state medical board of Louisiana and are now practicing their profession. During the New Orleans yellow fever epidemic of 1897 the Phyllis Weatley nurses were in constant demand. The best proof of the success of the sanitarium is that the city of New Orleans has recently promised it an annual appropriation of two hun- colored women have several time petitioned the legislatures of their respective states to repeal the obnoxious Jim Crow car laws, nor will any stone be left unturned until this iniquitous and unjust enactment be forever wiped from the statutes of the South. Against the barbarous Convict Lease system of Georgia, of which Negroes, especially the female prisoners, are the principal victims, the women of the national associat on are waging a ceasless war. But with all the efforts put forth to uplift our race we feel that the one thing needful to accomplish most rapidly and effectively, the purpose for which we organized, has not yet been done. As an organization of women nothing lies nearer our hearts than the children. It is the kindergarten we need. Free kindergartens in every city and hamlet in this broad land we must have if the children are to receive from us what it is our duty to give. Already kindergartens have been established and successfully maintained by several organizations from which most encouraging reports have come. May their worthy example be emulated till in no branch of the association shall the children of the poor, at least, be deprived of the blessings which flow from the kindergarten alone. The more unfavorable the environment of children the more necessary is it that steps be taken to counteract baleful influences on innocent victims. How imperative is it, then, that as colored women we inculcate correct principles and set good examples for our own youth whose little feet will have so many thorny paths of prejudice temptation and injustice to tread. The colored youth is vicious, we are told, and statistics showing the multitude of our boys and girls who crowd the penitentiaries and fill the jails appal and dishearten us. But side by side with these facts and figures of crime I would have pictured the miserable hovels from which these youthful criminals come. Make a tour of the settlements of colored people, who in many of our cities are relegated to the most noisome sections permitted by the municipal government and behold the mites of humanity who infect them. Here are our little ones, the future representatives of the race, fairly drinking in the pernicious examples of their elders, coming in contact with nothing but ignorance and crime, till at the age of six evil habits are formed which no amount of civilizing or christianizing can ever completely break. Listen to the cry of our children. In imitation of the example set by the great teacher of men, who could not offer himself as a sacrifice until he made an eternal plea for the innocence and helplessness of childhood, colored women should everywhere reach out after the waifs and strays who without their aid may be doomed to lives of evil and shame. As our organization, the National Association of Colored Women, feels that the establishment of free kindergarten is the special mission which it is called to fulfill. So keenly are we to the necessity of rescuing our little ones whose noble qualities are deadened and dwarfed by the very atmosphere which they breath, the officers of the associations are now trying to secure means with which to send out a kindergarten organizer, whose duty it shall be to arouse the conscience of our women on this subject and establish kindergartens wherever funds therefore can be secured. And so, lifting as we climb, onward and upward we go, struggling and striving and hoping that the buds and blossoms of our desires will burst into glorious fruition ere long. With courage, born of success achieved in the past, with a keen sense of responsibility which we shall continue to assume, we look forward to a future large with promise and hope. MARY CHURCH TERRELL. President of National Association of Colored Women. A Plea for Our Youth. Give Them More Encouragement in Their Struggles for Education--The Truth as It Is. PROF. W. H. COUNCILL In an earlier number of Lynk's Magazine, I wrote on "Occupations for Negro Youth." I wish to present a few thoughts which stand behind my former article. Then I spoke of the hardships of the Negro youth after leaving school. Now I wish to speak of the hardships of the Negro youth in school. We do not help our young people enough while they are in school. In thousands of cases they are left to shift for themselves. Where there is a necessity for such a life-and-death struggle, paid? But as we are not dealing with the parent and child we dismiss the others. The parent pays less than one-half of the expenses of students in the normal schools. Indeed, I think one-third would be a liberal estimate. Charitable people, student labor and unpaid accounts represent fully two-thirds of the expenses of students in our normal schools. This speaks volumes for student labor, volumes for charity and volumes for the indulgence of creditors; MARY CHURCH-TERRELL, Washington, D. C.,--President National Association of Colored Women. but very poorly for the parents. I am aware that these statements will be challenged by some person who will seek a kind of cheap popularity with parent at the expense of the child and future generations. But I speak the truth, as I have seen it during thirty-one years of experience in the school room. It is wrong to burden the student with the mental work necessary to education, with the manual labor necessary to learning a trade and then the hard task of providing means for his books, clothing, etc. A certain amount of leisure and exemption from burdens and strains is absolutely necessary for the development of strong, mental and physical manhood and womanhood. Because a few youths of unusual mental and physical powers and endurance beat down opposition and rise in spite of depressing and unfavorable conditions, it is no argument for placing heavy burdens upon the entire youth of the race. We would be justified in saying that while adversity brings out many noble and manly traits of character, yet many a successful youth had much that would lift the world higher kept in the background and even choked and crushed by hard circumstances. It is true that more noble young minds are permanently injured by hardships than are elevated by trial and adversity. Every one who has had to come up "through great tribulation" is a friend to struggling youth. Why? Because he recognizes in himself many failures due to lack of opportunity and to discouraging environments. I struggle and pray every day of my life to give young people a better chance than I had. I do not want my boy, nor any other boy, to have the same bitter experience which marked my early efforts. I have slept in a cotton pen a whole winter because I had no better place. I have washed an only shirt and then sat down in the shade of a tree while it dried. I wore a pair of "Yankee" drawers for pants a whole winter. I wore low-cut shoes in winter, without socks. When a boy, I never had an undershirt nor dreamed of an overcoat. I plowed, once, three days for an old Greenleaf's Arithmetic. I only had split cedar for a light three years. Later, I walked eight miles three times a week for three lessons a week in physics and chemistry and paid a learned professor fifty cents for each lesson. God forbid that any boy, white or black, should ever be forced to battle against such odds! We must give our youth more encouragement, more substantial aid in their seeks not only to consign the youth in school, but the entire race to a life of drudgery work in the industrial school is becoming dangerous. The youth who is learning a trade needs time for actual study and reflection on the principles of that trade, as he does for his lessons in literary branches. But he is usually rushed for time for study in the ordinary branches, then rushed for time to study his trade; or under the popular idea of the "practical" he is forced into the merest drudgery for means of support in school. He has no time for solid, substantial thought along either industrial or literary lines. Is it, then, a matter of surprise that so many do not succeed? Yea, it is amazing that so many do succeed so well. I want the boy or girl studying carpentry, shoemaking, sewing, agriculture to have the same time for reflection as the boy or girl who studies law, medicine, theology, pedagogy. Only in this way can we elevate the cook-pot, the needle, the saw, the spade, the plow and thereby ennoble and dignify labor. Why not my cook have as much general knowledge as my doctor? She is just as necessary to my physical, yea, my mental salvation. Give the youth a better chance. Let every trade and profession be full of pure culture. Millions of dollars must be put into brains for nothing else but for the sake of brains, regardless of utility. W. H. COUNCILL. Normal, Ala. Negro Soldiers South. Our Brave Boys in Blue Mistreated by Southern Whites--Happenings of Recent Date. REV. J. A. JONES. About eight months ago the famous Twenty-fifth Infantry, colored, rolled into Chattanooga amid the shouts of thousands of men, women and children, both white and colored, who had gathered at the union depot to get a look at those brave warriors who had for years held at bay the red men of the West and kept the Stars and Stripes floating in the "land of the setting sun." The black troops were then on their way to a foreign clime to shake the United States flag in the face of the most warlike nation among civilized people. In the latter part of June they landed on Cuban soil under the protection of the fire of the American navy, and from that time until they stormed the heights of El Caney the eyes of the nation were upon them. Regiment after regiment of the bravest men of America (white) retired, shattered and torn to pieces under the Spanish fire, till the Seventy-first New York, the sons of the blue bloods of the Empire State, wheeled into line and found themselves facing the deadly cannon in the blockhouses and the trenches I have not see a drunken Negro soldier since last spring. So far from being considered toughs, there have been a series of entertainments given by the people of this city complimentary to the soldiers. The other day Lieutenant Proctor, colored, called a "hill billy" down for not saluting him (Proctor), and had the little upstart marched off to the guardhouse. Quite a little breeze was started by this action on the part of the Negro officer, but Proctor having the federal government at his back, the little "one-gallus" newspaper reporters shut their mouths in short order. Proctor, according to last reports, was still wearing shoulder straps, representing that he is a commissioned officer in the army of the greatest nation on earth. The Mayor of this city is reported to have written letters to the Department asking for the removal of the Negro troops on account of their conduct. He does not say what sort of "conduct." But it is fair to presume, it we accord the Mayor the credit of being honest, that he would have them removed on account of their excellent conduct. The contrast is so great between the deportment of these colored soldiers and that of the 50,000 volunteers last summer that it is probable the Mayor would have these conditions removed. Poor old Chattanooga! She shouted herself hoarse when the army took quarters at Chickamauga. Then she curse the whole thing out, because their presence was so demoralizing; then she swore and damned because other cities got an opportunity to reap some of the lucre from Uncle Sam's boys. Then she smiled when the Eighth Regiment and Indiana troops were billed to encamp at the park; and now the Mayor of the city has appointed himself a committee of one to dictate to the War Department to ship the whole thing away because a mere man (white) got killed in a dive where some colored soldiers happened to be passing. It is gratifying, however, to know, according to the Mayor's own statement, that the Department has treated his communication with silent contempt. What does the federal government know or care about the Mayor of a tenth class town like Chattanooga? The United States is a great big affair, and a man who thinks that Uncle Sam would move 1,500 soldiers at an expense of thousands of dollars just to gratify the desires of a Mayor of a burg like Chattanooga ought to get his school books and study Child's History of the United States. In the meantime Negro captains and lieutenants walk the streets of Chattanooga unmolested. Sergeant Allen, who is (falsely) accused of shooting the white man, languished in the county jail, waiting the next term of the circuit court. I am not posted on international law, but I do not think there is any other nation that allows the civil authorities to handle soldiers in the same way and on the same footing with civilians. I may be wrong. The entire force of the white press South is doing its utmost today to prejudice the country against the Negro soldiers. But the fact remains that the Tennessee volunteers (white), according to Associated Press dispatches, have been guilty of more real cussedness than any soldiers in the entire army. Let me appeal to the Negro soldiers throughout the country to be men, be gentlemen, be soldiers in its truest sense. Remember, you must be better hmeneni o gwS, b-4- mh mh mh mhm men in every respect than white soldiers in order to receive what is due you by the white press of this country. Be loyal to the flag. Respect your colored officers and let the nation see that you can and will respect negro authority. And respect Negro superiors in the same sense that you will white men. Sergeants, corporals, privates, one and all, don't forget that the world is looking at you as at no soldiers on earth. The Negro civilians are watching constantly for something for which to commend you. The whites are only on the alert for something by which to condemn you. The white press desires to show that colored officers are incompetent and that Negro privates are insubordinate under colored officers. Boys, give them the lie by showing that you are the best and bravest soldiers who follow the Stars and Stripes. J. A. JONES. Pastor A. M. E. Church, Chattanooga, Tenn. Madame Julien's Pansy Blossom Face bleach at the Bates House hair store, 50c a bottle works like a charm and is perfectly harmless. Tel. 244. G. L. Knox. 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FRANCIS HERBERT WARREN Perhaps no political organization of modern times has sustained and apparently thrived upon, internal quarrels and discentions that seemingly would have rent it asunder, as has been sustained by the Republican party organization in Michigan. A battle royal has been waged for six years past between the two factions within the party in this state and the party seemingly fattens upon the strife, larger pluralities are being returned at each succeeding election and former Democratic strongholds are giving away under the assaults of the reform wing of the Republicans. The battle between the pro and anti Pingree factions within the party has been so bitterly waged and the weapons employed to crush the opposition by each side has so sewed to educate the masses of the people, Democrats and republicans alike, that they have come to lend support to the reform wing of the party, irrespective of their former political affiliation. The one side fought their battle openly so every one knew what they were doing, while the other or conservative wing, known as the antis preferred, for the most part to do their work under cover, leaving the people in doubt as to their next move. Governor Pingree started in as mayor of Detroit to reform the tax laws on the dishonest administration of the present laws by appointing an honest board of assessors for that city about eight years ago, and he had not been doing business for Detroit, as its mayor, more than a year before the holders of vacant acreage in and about the city were confronted with a city assessment on their vacant lot that the relative assessed value of the individual lot owners. Prior to Mayor Pingree's advent they were always favored with very light or wholesale assessments amounting to 5 or 10 per cent. of its real value, while the owner of one lot with cottage was assessed at from 25 to 75 per cent. of the real value of their humble homes. Moyor Pingree did not believe it was right to compel the poorer home owners t pay the taxes of the wealthy land speculators in this manner and thus it was that a new deal was had on the board of assessors. The people who were "hit hard" by this change were the wealthier citizens of Detroit, who invariably invested in the vacant land of the city and held it to the great disadvantage of the laboring people who were looking to purchase homes. The taxes were equalized between the rich speculator and the poor home owner. The speculators have ever since been arch enemies of Mr. Pingree, but the poor home owners "caught on" and they are his friends. The fight in Detroit was perhaps the most sanguine political battle ever fought. Mayor Pingree continued his reform work in every department of the city and as his guns were invariably trained upon some grasping corporation or upon some dishonest city officials who were waxing fat off corporation "pork", it was not long before the combined money interests of the city were endeavoring to encompass his defeat. He was boycotted by the banks; the newspapers for a time refused to publish the name of Pingree, the clergy were intimidated into silence or denunciation and the federal office holders were his out-spoken enemies, but he went to New York for money to carry on his business, published daily bulletins in front of the city hall in lieu of a newspaper and was elected to the office of mayor four successive times by greatly increased majorities in spite of purses of a hundred thousand dollars raised to elect his apponents, and Republican money it was, though he was always the Republican candidate. This bitter contest was, in 1896, removed from the metropolis of Michigan to the state at large. The masses of voters in the Republican party had been watching the course of events down in Detroit. Mayor Pingree had by this time gained a national reputation and the voters throughout the state had come to love the one man they governor but their attempts at a reconciliation came too late. Perhaps no other trait in Governor Pingree's personal character has won hims so many friends as his frank, open, blunt honesty in dealing with an antagonist, or in speaking on public questions. He conceals absolutely nothing, taking the whole people into his confidence. At the state convention held in Detroit this year he had no opposition and was the unanimous choice of that august body for a second term as governor. In short canvass that followed one would naturally suppose that he would at least refrain from arousing fresh opposition. Not so with Pingree. In opening his campaign in the city of Grand Rapids where the United States Senator from Michigan is very popular, the governor fired a broadside into the corporation flagship "Burrows" that bids fair to retire that gentleman not only from the United States Senate but entirely from politics. The part he took in defeating equal taxation legislation will alone be responsible for his defeat should he suffer it. Governor Pingree cannot brook any interference with the will of the people and the fight has now resolved itself into one of extermination with the whole people supporting the governor and the old line or federal politicians trying to buy Burrow's way back to the Senate. they fought Pingree at the polls as never before and, it is claimed, put money into the Democratic campaign. Bets were made that Pingree would be defeated that the Democrats were going to support their candidate to a man and that at least fifty thousand Republicans would vote for Whiting notwithstanding he had advocated a Belamy form of government on the stump. One peculiarity about Governor Pingree's campaigns is that he is always beaten most badly just before election, but when the votes are counted he is always re-elected by increased majorities, and in this instance, after the polling of an extra light vote, owing to the bad weather, he was re-elected by 80,000 majority. McKinley's plurality in '96 was about 50,000 after a most exhaustive campaign and on a full vote. Governor Pingree stands today the one positive force in Michigan politics. The whole people have demanded, by petition, that his reform ideas be enacted into law, and are giving his unstinted support to this end, while, of course, the corporations, their friends and coagitors are offering what opposition they have at their command, but it is weakening every day. Governor Pingree has set about since his re-election marshaling his forces for the final contest in the coming session of the legislature next month. It now looks as though he would accomplish at this session all he has set out to do. The electors have returned Pingree members in sufficient numbers to, seemingly, make his success reasonably certain. So weakened are the federal forces by the governor's recent big success at the polls that if they succeed in landing Burrows in the Senate again it will be by votes that are brought and paid for in cash. The question is often asked by those of his enemies who have not kept posted since he was first elected mayor of Detroit, what has he done for the people? Single taxers do not as a rule credit the governor with being a single tax man but taking his annual message for eight years together with the reforms he has accomplished, I have pronounced him a good enaugh single tax man to merit why luxuries of that kind should not be assesed than that a bath tub should not be. Many people cannot afford to have a bath tub because of the tax on it." In 1897 Mr. Pingree acted in dual capacity of mayor and governor, writing two messages, one each to the board of aldermen for the city of Detroit and one to the state assembly. He does not appear to take as advanced ground on the question of taxation in the governor's address, from a single tax point of view as he was wont to do in his address to the council this same year he says:"Taxation is one of the most important subjects with which the local government has to deal directly. It affects to a greater or less extent the majority of the inhabitants of the municipality; indirectly, in a still greater measure, it concerns the welfare of every inhabitant for wise legislation with respect to local taxation conduces to the prosperity of every business and manufacturing establishment within the city limits. * * * In the past few years a marked advance has been made in the taxation of vacant property. The owners of vacant lots, who hold their property in order that they may profit by the industry of their neighbors have been compelled to pay taxes on a valuation approximate the true value of the land. This has had the effect of removing the element of speculation and turning the land to its ligitimate uses for business and residence purposes." He then admonishes the council to keep the "underlying principles of taxation" continually in mind least they take a step backward, and to continue the good work thus inaugurated. In his message to the legislature Governor Pingree took no less forceful ground however, although not upon single tax lines. The justice of his recommendations could not be questioned. The railroads of the state had hitherto been let off with light specific taxes while individuals were fully taxed according to the value of their property, especially the poorer ones. Governor Pingree, ably seconded by Senator Robinson and Representative Atkinson, now deceased, in their respective houses, made an herculean effort to equalize the taxes of these companies together with telegraph and express companies, but were thwarted in their efforts as above stated by the Washington wing of Michigan's Republicans. The work alone however, in the thirty-ninth or last legislature, is not lost. It awakened the voter to a realizing sense of his duty to return as members of the state assembly, men who will serve their interests instead of serving the interests of these corporations, and the result is that the assembly to meet this winter is mostly made up of men who will embody within the statues of the state all of the reforms mentioned and perhaps more. The bill offered by Senator Robinson for two sessions bids fair to also become law. It provides for 2-cent fares for the lower peninsular and 3 cents for the upper peninsular. The rate now is 3 for the lower and 4 for the upper, respectively. Mention should here be made of the Hon. Jospeh Dickerson, of Detroit, a colored member of the last session of the legislature. So honest and conscientious was he in the service of the people that he was recomended for renomination by the Pingree people and was renominated and elected, running far ahead of his ticket in his district. Mr. Dickerson made several speeches in behalf of honest taxation during the sessions of '97 and '98. With Governor Pingree in the chair and a reform legislature the people of Michigan may well feel proud and secure, knowing that their long suffering is now to be relieved. Not so, however, with the people of the nation. They are now pretty much carried away with the successes of war but will soon again be brought to a realyzing sense of the injustice of national taxation. In my article on "Site Value Taxation," appearing in the Christmas number of the Freeman for 1895. I endeavored to explain to the readers the injustice of present tax laws. What is true of Detroit and Michigan is largely true of the nation. The remedies that apply here will apply to the nation. Would it not then be wise to elect a Pingree for president. No doubt that if the nomination were to be made next week, Mr. McKinley would undoubtedly be renominated, but would it not be wise two years hence to nominate a man with ability to reform the tax laws? McKinley tariffs are a failure and this is attested to by no less a personage than Senator Hanna who was quoted in Cleveland the other day as saying FRANCIS HERBERT WARREN Governor Pingree started in as mayor of Detroit to reform the tax laws on the dishonest administration of the present laws by appointing an honest board of assessors for that city about eight years ago, and he had not been doing business for Detroit, as its mayor, more than a years before the holders of vacant acreage in and about the city were confronted with a city assessment on their vacant lot that the relative assessed value of the individual lot owners. Prior to Mayor Pingree's advent they were always favored with very light or wholesome assessments amounting to 5 or 10 per cent, of its real value, while the owner of one lot with cottage was assessed at from 25 to 75 per cent. of the real value of their humble homes. Moyor Pingree did not believe it was right to compel the poorer home owners to pay the taxes of the wealthy land speculators in this manner and this it was that a new deal was had on the board of assessors. The people who were "hit hard" by this change were the wealthier citizens of Detroit, who invariably invested in the vacant land of the city and held it to the great disadvantage of the laboring people who were looking to purchase homes. The taxes were equalized between the rich speculator and the poor home owner. The speculators have ever since been arch enemies of Mr. Pingree, but the poor home owners "caught on" and they are his friends. The fight in Detroit was perhaps the most sanguine ever fought. Mayor Pingree continued his reform work in every department of the city and as his guns were invariably trained upon some grasping corporation or upon some dishonest city officials who were waxing fat off corporation "pork," it was not long before the combined money interests of the city were endeavoring to encompass his defeat. He was boycotted by the banks; the newspapers for a time refused to publish the name of Pingree, the clergy were intimidated into silence or denunciation and the federal office holders were his out-spoken enemies, but he went to New York for money to carry on his business, published daily bulletins in front of the city hall in lieu of a newspaper and was elected to the office of mayor four successive times by greatly increased majorities in spite of purses of a hundred thousand dollars raised to elect his apponents, and Republican money it was, though he was always the Republican candidate. This bitter contest was, in 1896, removed from the metropolis of Michigan to the state at large. The masses of voters in the Republican party had been watching the course of events down in Detroit. Mayor Pingree had by this time gained a national reputation and the voters throughout the state had come to love the one man they could depend upon to fight their battles. At the state convention held in Grand Rapids in that year the Pingree forces had returned enough delegates from the state to overcome all opposition and nominate their man for governor, but left control of the state organization in the hands of the federal push. The campaign that followed was a peculiar one. word had been passed "down the line" from Washington to "knife the governor." All the speakers employed by the state central committee avoided making any mention of the candidate for governor, although Pingree was a large contributor to the funds. It was estimated that form thirty to forty thousand Republicans would vote against their candidate for governor, and even on election night the first dispatch sent out by the state committee was that "McKinley would pull Pingree through." When the votes were counted, however, it was seen that Pingree pulled McKinley through by about 35,000 votes. After his election Governor Pingree at once set about to apply his tax reform ideas to the state at large and here he met perhaps stronger and more determined opposition than he did in the city.. Two very interesting sessions of the legislature were held, the regular session in '97 and the extra session in '98, at both of which attempts were made to tax corporation property held by individuals. This seems to have especially aroused the Washington end of Michigan, for the President and Senators from Michigan rewarded members of the Michigan legislature with federal positions for voting against and defeating this necessary reform legislation, which all concede would be just to all concerned. This they succeeded in doing and would, perhaps, have been willing to let it go at that and make friends with the FRANCIS HERBERT WARREN. port their candidate to a man and that at least fifty thousand Republicans would vote for Whiting notwithstanding he had advocated a Belamy form of government on the stump. One peculiarity about Governor Pingree's campaigns is that he is always beaten most badly just before election, but when the votes are counted he is always re-elected by increased majorities, and in this instance, after the polling of an extra light vote, owing to the bad weather, he was re-elected by 80,000 majority. McKinley's plurality in '96 was about 50,000 after a most exhaustive campaign and on a full vote. Governor Pingree stands today the one positive force in Michigan politics. The whole people have demanded, by petition, that his reform ideas be enacted into law, ad are giving him unstinted support to this end, while, of course, the corporations, their friends and coagitors, are offering what opposition they have at their command, but it is weakening every day. Governor Pingree has set about since his re-election marshaling his forces for the final contest in the coming session of the legislature next month. It now looks as though he would accomplish at this session all he has set out to do The electors have returned Pingree members in sufficient numbers to, seemingly, make his success reasonably certain. So weakened are the federal forces by the governor's recent big success at the polls that if they succeed in landing Burrows in the Senate again it will be by votes that are bought and paid for in cash. The question is often asked by those of his enemies who have not kept posted since he was first elected mayor of Detroit, what has he done for the people? Single taxers do not as a rule credit the governor with being a single tax man by taking his annual message for eight years together with the reforms he has accomplished, I have pronounced him a good enough single tax man to meet their support. In his first annual message to the common council of the city of Detroit given in 1890, he says among other things: "Persons who hold large tracts of unimproved property within the city limits should not be permitted to grow rich through the enterprise of their neighbors without contributing their just share of taxes. Such property should be taxed according to its full cash value, the same as improved property, as the law plainly directs." Again in 1892 he calls the attention of the alderman to the thirty millions of dollars of railroad property within the city limits that is exempt from taxation for no valid reason on earth, and says: "Whenever an individual pays a dollar of municipal tax he contributes twenty-five cents to the coffers of these privileged corporations." In his message to the council in 1893 he says: "Railroad companies exert so much influence upon legislation that it seems almost impossible to procure the passage of an act compelling them to pay their just proportion of the burden of taxation. Still this scandalous and notorious fact should not prevent us from making every possible effort to compel these companies to pay local taxes." In another page in the same message, he says: "It seems to me that as long as the general tax law of the state requires all forms of wealth, whether consisting of real or personal property, to be equally assessed, high-priced paintings, statuary and furniture should be assessed at somewhere near their approximate value. I understand that this has never been done here. There are houses in Detroit which contain fully $150,000 worth of property of this kind which is not assessed at more than $5,000. * * * There is no reason ommendations could not be questioned. The railroads of the state had hitherto been let off with light specific taxes while individuals were fully taxed according to the value of their property, especially the poorer ones. Governor Pingree, ably seconded by Senator Robinson and Representative Atkinson,now deceased, in their respective houses, made an herculean effort to equalize the taxes of these companies together with telegraph and express companies, but were thwarted in their efforts as above stated by the Washington wing of Michigan's Republicans. The work alone, however, in the thirty-ninth or last legislature, is not lost. It awakened the voter to a realizing sense of his duty to return as members of the state assembly, men who will serve their interests instead of serving the interests of these corporations, and the result is that the assembly to meet this winter is mostly made up of men who will embody within the statues of the state all of the reforms mentioned and perhaps more. The bill offered by Senator Robinson for two sessions bids fair to also become law. It provides for 2-cent fares for the lower peninsular and 3 cents for the upper peninsular. The rate now is 3 for the lower and 4 for the upper, respectively. Mention should here be made of the Hon. Joseph Dickerson, of Detroit, a colored member of the last session of the legislature. So honest and conscientious was he in the service of the people that he was recomended for renomination by the Pingree people and was renominated and elected, running far ahead of his ticket in his district. Mr. Dickerson made several speeches in behalf of honest taxation during the sessions of '97 and '98. With Governor Pingree in the chair and a reform legislature the people of Michigan may well feel proud and secure, knowing that their long suffering is now to be relieved. Not so, however, with the people of the nation. They are now pretty much carried away with the success of war but will soon again be brought to a realyzing sense of the injustice of national taxation. In my article on "Site Value Taxation," appearing in the Christmas number of the Freeman for 1895, I endeavored to explain to the readers the injustice of present tax laws. What is true of Detroit and Michigan is largely true of the nation. The remedies that apply here will apply to the nation. Would it not then be wise to elect a Pingree for president. No doubt that if the nomination were to be made next week Mr. McKinley would undoubtedly be renominated, but would it not be wise two years hence to nominate a man with ability to reform the tax laws? McKinley tariffs are a failure and this is attested to by no less a personage than Senator Hanna who was quoted in Cleveland the other day as saying "that it would be necessary to tax tea and coffee to produce sufficient revenue for government purposes." Governor Pingree does not believe in taxing the poor women's tea and coffee. He does believe in compelling the tax dodgers to pay their just share of taxes, and so doe ex-President Harrison believe in compelling the rich bond holder to pay a just proportion. When this is done there will be no need for a tax on tea and coffee; indeed, if the rich were compelled to pay taxes in proportion to their holdings and in proportion to what the poorer people now pay the government would not know what to do with the money. But you always hear a rich man like Mr. Hanna devise some way to raise money but the right way. They are forever heaping more burdens upon the poor than they can carry and it is high time the people pay more attention to who they return to office. They should choose men in their conventions who will serve their interests instead of serving the interests of corporate wealth. Yea, you shoul commence at the precinct caucus and send delegates to the conventions who you can depend upon to make no mistake. The Republican party in Michigan is now thoroughly Pingreeized. Let the black men of the Sough and elsewhere help to reform the party everywhere to the end that we may obtain our just rights and equal oportunity to earn and retain our share of the good things in life without having to pay our rich neighbor's taxes. In his speech before the Union League Club, of Chicago, Mr. Harrison noted a man up in Maine who, while alive, paid taxes on an assessment of a hundred thousand dollars, but when he died his estate pro- (Continued on Fourth Page.) Health cases of the heart and nerves free. Address. DR. MILES MEDICAL CO., Elkhart, Ind. C S CHRISTMAS UMBRELLAS! ALL STYLES--FANCY HANDLES. $1.00. @2.00, $3.00 to $5.00 Our own make Umbrellas Repaired and Recovered at the OLD RELIABLE STAND 11 Indiana Avenue, CLARK & STUARD, PROP (Open until 9 p.m., during Holidays.) THE HEALER OF THE PEOPLE. Dr Sadie Porter and What People Say of Her Valuable Remedies--Both Colored and White. I was stricken with paralysis last October lost the use of both limbs, could not stand. My doctor pronounced my case a hopeless one, and a case of ascending paralysis. I used Dr. Porter's Blood and Nerve Tonic and liniment. The dead limbs soon became aroused to life as the circulation was improved and now I can go around to see my neighbors without crutch or cane. I am quite well and know that had it not been for the timely rescue of the above, I would several months ago have been consigned to the tomb. W. J. BROYLES, Fulton, Mo. My little girl Teresa, had been suffering for for three years wit scrofula and we had given up all hopes of saving her, the doctors had failed to relieve her and the enlargement of her face and neck grew more serious each day. After trying everything we though could effect a cure, and finding nothing to any purpose we decided that her case was incurable. We were persuaded to give Dr. Sadie F. Porter's Great Magic Blood and Nerve Tonic a trial. Dr. Porter took the little girls case in hand December 25, 1897, and after three days treatment the swelling had passed away- I can cheerfully recommend this tonic to any one suffering with blood diseases. MRS. MARIA WARD, JAS. E. WARD. Dealers in groceries, Nashville, Tenn. 900 Cedar street. I write this to certify that I have been under medical treatment for ten years, and have spent hundreds of dollars and found no relief for Catarrh of the stomach until I tried your Blood and Nerve Tonic, and Magic Liniment. After using your remedies for several months I am cured and am stouter than I ever was before. I have also cured all ailments of my family, such as fevers, cholrea infantum and diptheris. I highly recommend it to all ailing persons. MRS W. P. MOUNTS 5746 N. Market street, St. Louis, Mo. This is to certify that I am acquainted with Mrs. S. F. Porter, and regard her strictly honest and truthful. Should she undertake any curable cases the best results may be expected. W. H. H. Brown, Pastor Elliot Ave. M. E. church St. Louis, Mo. Dr. Porter: I received your letter and the hair oil and am able to say with a clear conscience that your hair oil and hair grower is excellent. They have caused quite a surprise in this country. My hair is growing wonderfully. I cannot tell you of the excellent work your hair oil and hair grower has done, they have no equal. MARY G. COLE. Brookshire, Texas. Write for particulars. These remedies may be purchased of Dr. S. F. Porter. 813 Cedar St. Nashville, Tenn. Cards. Cards. Cards See Here! Only 10 cents for your name beautifully written on one dozen handsome calling cards-- all kinds of BEAUTIFUL FLOURISHING. Very artistic and sure to please. Order a dozen and you will send for more. Agents wanted. Address, L. R. WOOLFINGTON. MT. MORRIS, ILL. BUGGIES, Carts, Surries, Phaetons, Spring Wagons, Harness and Saddles shipped C. O. D. anywhere to anyone with privilege to examine at lowest wholesale prices. Guaranteed as represented or money refunded. Send for illustrated catalog and testimonials Free. Addr. (in full) CASH BUYERS' UNION, 158 W. Van Buren St., B170CHICAGO THE FREEMAN $1.50 BRANDS! Budweiser Tonica Export Dublin Porter PALE ALE. TRADE MARK PROGRESS BRAND BRANDS! TAFEL Champagne Half-and-Half Stock Ale ZOTONIC. --O-- DRINK --O-- INDIANAPOLIS BREWING CO.'S Celebrated Keg and Bottle Beers. They are pure, wholesome and well fermented. All first-class saloons handle our beers. Free delivery to any part of the city. Telephone578. Everybody Drinks Progress Brands. MONEY Take this Ad to 104 N. Pennsylvania Street and get Twenty-five Cents on a Pair Pants. R. R MILES, Merchant Tailor Photographs Enlarged Frames Made to Order The Central Portrait COmpany 347 Indiana Avenue, Half Square From Illinois Street PORTRAITS AND FRAMES. Open Evenings. : : : Satisfaction Guaranteed.. Central Tennessee College NASHVILLE, TENN. [Chartered 1866.] Over forty teachers. It has the English studies, Normal, College, Music, Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy. African Training School and Industrial courses of study. Its aim is character and thoroughness. For catalogues or further information address the President. REV. J. BRADEN Nashville, Tenn. The Freeman $1.50 NOT A SOAP OT A SOAP POWDER PRICE 5 CENTS. RUB NO MORE! USE HARD OR SOFT WATERE. NINE O'CLOCK WHEN THE HOUR HAND POINTS TO NINE HAVE YOUR WASING ON THE LINE WASHING TEA FOR CLOTHES WASHING, DISH WASHING, HOUSE CLEANING, HARD OR SOFT WATERE. FULL DIRECTIONS ON EVERY PACKAGE $500.00 GUARANTEE. ABSOLUTELY HARMLESS Will not injure hands or fabric. No Washboard needed. Can use hard water same as soft. Full Directions on every package. An 8-oz. package for 5 cts. or 6 for 25 cts. Sold by retail grocers everywhere. "When the Hour Hand Points to Nine, Have Your Washing on the Line." Agents Wanted TO HANDLE OUR FRED DOUGLASS PICTURE size-22x28. This picture is a work of art, and the best seller ever placed on the market. It will pay you to take an agency for us, as we are offering extraordinary inducements to those who will push the work. Send 15 cents in stamps with which to pay postage on one copy, with prospectus and instructions, and we will forward to your address a complete outfit. Address: The Freeman. Indianapolis, - Indiana. THE FREEMAN: AN ILLUSTRATED COLORED NEWSPAPER. FIRE SALE FIRE SALE FIRE SALE FIRE SALE Merchant Tailoring Stock 50 per cent Discount. Every thing TOWN TALK. Christmas Hats at Seaton's Hat Store, 29 N. Penn., street B. O. of C. P. promenade, Lyra Hall, Dec. 27, Admission 50c. She was cured of the blues when her pa bought her shoes at Marott's. Great Fire Sale of merchant tailoring at Fleming the tailor's, 316 Indiana avenue. Prices are cut in two at the Great Fire Sale of Fleming the tailor's 316 Indiana avenue. Don't fail to purchase your Christmas candies of the Chicago Candy Kitchen, 126 N. Illinois street. For fine candles, bon bons, choclates, don't fail to visit the Chicago Candy Kitchen, 156 N. Illinois street. For Christmas flowers, choice cut flowers, fine palms and blooming plants go to Wm. Billingsley 201 N. Ill. st. Prof. Jas. A. Willis, will expose the fraud of spiritualism and ghost-walking at Second Baptist church, Wednesday Eve., Dec., 28th. The first consideration is comfort. 2nd, durability and style. 3rd, where to find all this in a pair of shoes. I'll see Marott. Comfort? Oh! I know where they sell it. Get into those hoes Mr. Marott carries in his excellent stock and you have it. Fleming the merchant tailor, of 316 Indiana avenue is offering flattering inducements at the Great Fire Sale now going on. If you want real genuine bargains, then attend the Great Fire Sale of Fleming, the merchant tailor, at 316 Indiana avenue. Willis, the Great--at Second Baptist church. Wednesday evening Dec., 28, Admission 10c. B. O. of C. P. promenade, Lyra Hall (next door to Park Theatre) Tuesday evening, Dec. 27. Music by the celebrated When Band Orchestra.--"Nuff sed." Mme. Crockett--Scott, Miss Mamie Clay, Messrs Clifford Lewis and Ruby Bryon Shelton will assist Prof. Willis in his mysterious entertainment at Second Baptist church, Wednesday evening, Dec., 28. Admission 10. Don't fail to attend the B. O. of C. P. promenade, Dec. 27, at Lyra Hall, near Park Theatre.--When Band Orchestra. The When Band Orchestra, Profs. Jas. Sterrett and Wm. Walker as floor managers, in Lyra Hall is undoubtedly a strong attraction at the promenade concert to be given by McClain Lodge B. O. of C. P. Admission 50c. Mr. S. M. Gaines, whose ad may be seen elsewhere is doubtless one of the finest penman the race has produced. Our office has recently been favored with several samples of his artistic skill, for which we are indeed grateful. Those desiring work from Mr. Gaines, in calling cards etc, will do well to write him at Luling, Texas. Christmas Jewelry. We've Played Havoc With Cloak Prices. . . Not a garment that will now cost you within a fourth of mid-season's prices. Furs, too, have dropped in price, and Indianapolis dailies reveal an every day bargain feast. Come when you can. L. S. AYRES & CO. SOLE AGENTS FOR IMPROVED STANDARD PATTERNS. Indianapolis Indiana ly to accomplish these high purposes that of looking after those dependent on him. The obsequies were held at Bethel A. M. E. church. The excellent choir appropriated sacred and fitting music to the funeral solemnities. Rev. Sissle of Simpson, M. E. church announced "God Moves in a Mysterious way." Prayer by Rev. A. Wakefield of Blackford street A. M. E. Zion church. "Asleep The Late Dr. William Chavis. in Jesus," by the choir. Funeral Scripture lesson by Rev. A. L. Murray, B. D. of Allen Chapel A. M. E. church, 39th Psalm, and Thesaonians, 4th chapter 22nd verses concluding the chapter. Song, "When the Mists have Rolled Away." Resolutions from the colored medical fraternity were read by Dr. W. E. Brown, and signed by Drs. Elbert, Furniss, Ballard, Ward, Stokes and Brown. Rev. Dr. D. A. Graham, minister in charge of Bethel, paid an excellent and pathetic tribute to Dr. Chavis. He had been a boy with him, knew him as no one of his hearers could know him. Reared amid the same environments, brought up in school together. had taught the same school. This knowledge had given a keen insight to the inner self-sacrificing life of his friend, and he spoke not as a minister, but as a companion. He spoke from the 9th chapter of Eclesiastes, "Whatsoever thy hands find to do, do with all thy might, etc." Dr. Graham was calm, entirely complacent, and held his audience in rapt attention. The auditorium was taxed to its utmost capacity. "Evidence sufficient" said he that Dr. Chavis had Christmas Gifts We are prepared to furnish anything in our llne on small easy payments at prices that will make your heart rejoice. Come in and let us furnish you a DIAMOND, WATCH, RING or anything in the jewelry line. GRAY & GRIBBEN, 154 N Illinois Street. Xmas Greens . . . We are headquarters and will save you money. HOLLY WREATHS & FESTOONING. HUNTINGTON & PAGE 150 E. Market St. 222 to 227 E. Maryland St. MULLEN'S Ladies and Gents Clothing Cleanet Dyed, Repaired and Altered. Making to Order. Fine Work. Reasonable Prices. No 234 Indiana, Avenue. Dr. W. E Brown Physician nd Surgeon, OFFICE HOURS 8 to 10 a. m. 1 to 2:30 p. m. 7 to 8:30 p. m. 1031 Virginia Ave PHONE 2I09. Wm. Billingsley, Phone 8681. 201 North Illinois Street Choice Cut Flowers, Fine Palms and Blooming Plants. Floral Designs and Decorations THE NEW ARCADE (ESTABLISHED 1889.) Buy your next Collar at H. L. SANDERS You will want another. We are showing a beautiful line of Neckwear for the holidays--Puffs, Tecks, Four-in hands and Club House Ties, prices 15c, 25c and 50c. We have a complete line of Brown and Blue and Fleeced lined Underwear. Jackets and Aprons ready for immediate delivery. DON'T FAIL TO CALL ON US WHEN YOU PASS OUR STORE 206 Indiana Avenue and 208 West Ohio Street. H. L. SANDERS, Our Business Increasing : : COMPELLED TO HAVE MORE ROON. WHY? Because we are giving you value for your money. When you pay US Two Dollars for a Shoe you get Two Dollars worth of actual value. With us there is no high priced Washington street expenses, and every cent is put in the Shoe you buy. Those Ladies' Gents' $1.98 SHOES re positively the best value in the city, and ur better grades at $2.48, $2.98 and $3.48 cannot be equalled by any other house We invite you to OUR STORE AND SEE FOR YOURSELF. As an extra inducement to buy your Shoes of us we are giving away valuable end useful presents --such as Rogers' Silver plated knives forks, table and teaspoons Costly hand Mirrors, Toilet Sets, etc., with purchases of $5 to $50 using coupons--one with every 10c purchase and Good until July 1st, 1899. MONEY REFUNDED. GOODS CHEERFULLY EXCHANGED, CASH AND ONE PRICETO ALL. MANUFACTOR'S SHOE CO. Enterprise Hotel Building, 342-348 Massachusetts Ave. Christmas Gifts Don't put off buying your Presents, Get a Fine Lamp, Dinner-Set OR A PIECE OF China This Will Make a Useful Present. See OUR LINE 45 N. Ill., or 5 W. Market Sts. F. P. SMITH & CO. Ladies If you want your cloak made new or in style. Gents Photo button Free. For a Limited Time With Every Dozen Photos Newspaper article Obituary The city of Indianapolis bemourns the death of Dr William Chavis one of it's esteemed colored physicians. He was born in Princeton: Gibson Co., Ind., March 23rd, 1854, was reared on a farm taught school in Noblesville and Bloomington, Ind., later studied, and graduated in medicine locating to practice his profession in this city about six years ago. Reared by a noble father and devoted mother, from whom he inherited traits of character that made him a useful man. Taking on responsibilities of the care of his mother after the death of his father, and when his dear mother was laid to rest, he became the main stay of the family. Educating one brother in telegraphy, and maintaining his sister in Wilberforce college. In the objects, of his care, he knew nothing but sacrifice striving unselfishly to accomplish these high purposes, that of looking after those dependent on him. The obsequies were held at Bethel A.M. E. church. The excellent choir appropriated scared and fitting music to the funeral solemnities. Rev. Sissle of Simpson, M. E. church announced 'God Moves in a Mysterious way." Prayer by Rev. A. Wakefield of Blackford street A. M. E Zion church. "Asleep in Jesus" by the choir. Euperal Scripture lesson by Rev A. L. Murray, B. D. of Allen Chapel A. M. E church, 39th Psalm, and Thesaonians, 4th chapter 22nd verses concluding the chapter Song, "When the Mist have Rolled Away." Resolutions from the colored medical fraternity were read by Dr. W. E. Brown, and signed by Drs. Elbert, Furniss, Ballard, Ward, Stokes, and Brown. Rev. Dr. D. A. Graham, minister in charge of Bethel paid an excellent and pathetic tribute to Dr. Chavis. He had been a boy with him, knew him as no one of his hearers could know him. Reared amid the same enviornments, brought up in school together, had taught the same school. This knowledge had given a keen insight to the inner self-sacrificing life of his friend, and he spoke not as a minister, but as a companion. He spoke from the 9th chapter of Eclesiastes, "Whatsoever thy hands find to do, do with all thy might, etc" Dr. Graham was calm, entirely complacent and held his audience in rapt attention. The auditorium was taxed to its utmost capacity. "Evidence sufficient" said he that Dr. Chavis had many friends, he had his fault, his frailties, he was a man, not an Angel, but his virtues weigh heavier upon the pious heart, than his many deficiencies and weaknesses. Rev. Stokes made a short speech. Every trade and profession, every class and every kind, the well-to-do and the poor were there to pay their solemn respect to the beloved dead. After the sermon, the undertaker Mr. Willis took charge of the casket, and all the friends took their last serious lingering look at the deceased. Rev. Thomson pronounced the benediction. The Freeman tenders its condolance to the bereaved: and of Dr. William Cha- vis whose sad end has come we shall say "Requiescat in pace" With the best wishes of Mary Church Terrell Aug 30 1899 The Progress of Colored Women by MARY CHURCH TERRELL, President National Association of Colored Women. An address delivered before the National American Women's Suffrage Association at the Columbia Theater, Washington D.C., February 18, 1898, on the occasion of its Fiftieth Anniversary. THE Progress of Colored Women BY MARY CHURCH TERRELL, President National Association of Colored Women. An addressed delivered before the National American Women's Suffrage Association at the Columbia Theater, Washington, D. C., February 18, 1898, on the occasion of its Fiftieth Anniversary. WASHINGTON, D. C.: SMITH BROTHERS, PRINTERS, 816 4th St., N. W. COMMENTS. Forty years ago, when the question of suffrage for American mothers, wives, and sisters, was in its 'teens, Sojourner Truth, sometimes called the American Sibyl, was the sole representative of the negro women of the United States, in the movement which has just celebrated its fiftieth birthday so auspiciously. During the intervening years, since I first saw and heard that wonderfully gifted black woman, in the old Melodeon, Boston, the Woman's Suffrage platform I believe, has never lacked some representative of the race once oppressed, and now partially free. Many of them were women of peculiar gifts, some of especial achievement, but more selected, through the calm determination of Susan B. Anthony, Anna Shaw, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the esoteric circle, to have at all times their sister of a darker hue, duly represented on their broad platform. The distance from Sojourner Truth to Mary Church Terrell is really more than the forty or fifty years of fight for political recognition for women. It is an infinitely greater distance, almost limitless space, between the centuries of debasement and degradation of a sex, and the meteor's flight of education, purity, aplomb, rare scholarly training and literary culture. The cold type cannot give to those who simply read the following earnest words, full of suggestive thought, of pathos and deepest reflection, that warmth and color which the occasion itself furnished - the brilliant setting, the entourage of intellectuality which made this the finest meeting of a most notable assembly. Nor can the ordinary reader perceive the severity of the test, which set this champion of her sex, in juxtaposition on forensic art, with such war- worn and battle-scarred veterans, as Miss Anthony, Mrs. Blake, Mrs. Shaw, Mrs. Foster, and with the able and eloquent representatives of Norway and Sweden. Never have I seen a more profound impression nor felt myself more stirred at the romance of the American negro as exemplified in the deeper tragedy of the negro woman, who stands today not merely the forlorn hope of the race; but in her achievements and her attainments, in her sorrows, travailing, and aspirations, the highest type of the race - the portion, psychologically and physiologically, upon which its future mainly depends. That the opportunity was afforded Mary Church Terrell, to sound the note, and sing so strong, beautifully and pathetically the refrain of her struggling sex, is a source of extreme gratification to those of us, who well know her advantages of training, travel and culture: but even we were surprised most agreeably, and delighted at the able treatment and the signal success of her womanly exposition, judged by its cordial reception and its evident effect upon the audience. Such occasions rarely occur in a race's history and it is no small privilege to be permitted, as I am here, to call attention to one for the history of the race, whose annals unfortunately are only too brief and at best most imperfectly kept. RICHARD T. GREENER. WASHINGTON, D. C., February 19, '98. U. S. Consul to Vladivostok. On Friday night last a scene was witnessed at the Columbia Theatre, the meeting place of the Women's Suffrage Convention, in this city, that to a majority of the audience, composed as it was, of the upper crust of white society, was a revelation. There were four addresses by eminent women of different nationalities viz., Sweden, Norwegian, American white and American negro. The latter, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, spoke on the "Progress of Colored Women." She spoke, as she always does, without notes, and for a half hour, in one unbroken chain of eloquence, and with power and fascination of manner such as few women possess, she held her vast audience spell bound with amazement, and the woman suffragists on the platform were so proud of their new discovery that they fell upon her neck upon the conclusion of her great speech and kissed her. She was almost covered with floral offerings. Mrs. Terrell opened the eyes of her hearers, both white and colored, to many facts of interest occurring among our women throughout the country, especially in the South, showing the surprising progress made along all lines since emancipation. She very pointedly answered a southern white delegate who had spoken earlier in the week, giving her to understand that indiscriminate mixing with the whites was no more desired by the colored than by the whites; that what they wanted was only an equal chance in the race of life. Social questions would regulate themselves. She made a most magnificent and womanly appeal for the encouragement and assistance of the white women of the country in the work of breaking up some of the obnoxious systems in the South that tend to degrade colored women - the "jim crow" car, convict lease system, and other unsavory institutions corrupting to good morals. The opportunity offered Mrs. Terrell by Miss. Susan B. Anthony to address the National Woman's Right Association, composed of the most progressive and brainiest women of our country, was no small compliment, viewed from whatever standpoint. That Mrs. Terrell came up to the full measure of her opportunity, none who were present will gainsay. She went beyond and over it. She covered almost all the ground of our grievances in the small space of the half hour allotted to her, and to do this she had to speak rapidly, but not a word or syllable was lost to her hearers. Her appeal for the women of her race was a soul- stirring effort; and the long continued applause that followed at the close of her remarks attested that she had won her hearers to her. CHARLES R. DOUGLASS. Colored American, February 26, '98. MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL. President of the National Association of Colored Women. The Progress of Colored Women. Fifty years ago a meeting such as this, planed, conducted and addressed by women would have been an impossibility. Less than forty years ago, few sane men would have predicted that either a slave or one of his descendants would in this century at least, address such an audience in the Nation's Capital at the invitation of women representing the highest, broadest, best type of womanhood, that can be found anywhere in the world. Thus to me, this semi-centennial of the National American Woman Suffrage Association is a double jubilee, rejoicing as I do, not only in the prospective enfranchisement of my sex but in the emancipation of my race. When Ernestine Rose, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone and Susan B. Anthony began that agitation by which colleges were opened to women and the numerous reforms inaugurated for the amelioration of their condition along all lines, their sisters who groaned in bondage had little reason to hope that these blessings would ever brighten their crushed and blighted lives. For during those days of oppression and despair, colored women were not only refused admittance to institutions of learning, but the law of the States in which the majority lived made it a crime to teach them to read. Not only could they possess no property, but even their bodies were not their own. Nothing, in short, that could degrade or brutalize the womanhood of the race was lacking in that system from which colored women then had little hope of escape. So gloomy were their prospects, so fatal the laws, so pernicious the customs, only fifty years ago. But, from the day their fetters were broken and their minds released from the darkness of ignorance to which for more than two hundred years they had been doomed, from the day they could stand erect in the dignity of womanhood, [*Among the speakers of the Convention were Susan B. Anthony, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Rev. Anna H. Shaw, Lillie Deverux, Mary Wright Sewell, and Carrie Chapman Catt. (7)*] 8 no longer bond but free, till tonight, colored women have forged steadily ahead in the acquisitions of knowledge and in the cultivation of those virtues which make for good. To use a thought of the illustrious Frederick Douglass, if judged by the depths from which they have come, rather than by the heights to which those blessed with centuries of opportunities have attained, colored women need not hang their heads in shame. Consider if you will, the almost insurmountable obstacles which confronted colored women in their efforts to educate and cultivate themselves since their emancipation, and I dare assert, not boastfully, but with pardonable pride, I hope, that the progress they have made and the work they have accomplished, will bear a favorable comparison at least with that of their more fortunate sisters, from whom the opportunity of acquiring knowledge and the means of self-culture have never been entirely withheld. For, not only are colored women with ambition and aspiration handicapped on account of their sex, but they are everywhere baffled and mocked on account of their race. Desperately and continuously they are forced to fight that opposition, born of a cruel, unreasonable prejudice which neither their merit nor their necessity seems able to subdue. Not only because they are women, but because they are colored women, are discouragement and disappointment meeting them at every turn. Avocations opened and opportunities offered to their more favored sisters have been and are tonight closed and barred against them. While those of the dominant race have a variety of trades and pursuits from which they may choose, the woman through whose veins one drop of African blood is known to flow is limited to a pitiful few. So overcrowded are the avocations in which colored women may engage and so poor is the pay in consequence, that only the barest livelihood can be eked out by the rank and file. And yet, in spite of the opposition encountered, and the obstacles opposed to their acquisition of knowledge and their accumulation of property, the progress made by colored women along these lines has never been surpassed by that of any people in the history of the world. Though the slaves were liberated less than forty years ago, penniless, and ignorant, with neither shelter nor food, so great was their thirst for knowledge and so herculean were their efforts to secure it, that there are today hundreds of negroes, many 9 of them women, who are graduates, some of them having taken degrees from the best institutions of the land. From Oberlin, that friend of the oppressed, Oberlin, my dear alma mater, whose name will always be loved and whose praise will ever be sung as the first college in the country which was just, broad and benevolent enough to open its doors to negroes and to women on an equal footing with men; from Wellesley to Vassar, from Cornell and Ann Arbor, from the best high schools throughout the North, East and West, colored girls have been graduated with honors, and have thus forever settled the question of their capacity and worth. But a few years ago in an examination in which a large number of young women and men competed for a scholarship, entitling the successful competitor to an entire course through the Chicago University, the only colored girl among them stood first and captured this great prize. And so, wherever colored girls have studied, their instructors bear testimony to their intelligence, diligence and success. With this increase of wisdom there has sprung up in the hearts of colored women an ardent desire to do good in the world. No sooner had the favored few availed themselves of such advantages as they could secure than they hastened to dispense these blessings to the less fortunate of their race. With tireless energy and eager zeal, colored women have, since their emancipation, been continuously prosecuting the work of educating and elevating their race, as though upon themselves alone devolved the accomplishment of this great task. Of the colored teachers engaged in instructing our youth, it is perhaps no exaggeration to say that fully ninety per cent are women. In the back-woods, remote from the civilization and comforts of the city and town, on the plantations, reeking with ignorance and vice, our colored women may be found battling with evils which such conditions always entail. Many a heroine, of whom the world will never hear, has thus sacrificed her life to her race, amid surroundings and in the face of privations which only martyrs can tolerate and bear. Shirking responsibility has never been a fault with which colored women might be truthfully charged. Indefatigably and conscientiously, in public work of all kinds they engage, that they may benefit and elevate their race. The result of this labor has been prodigious indeed. By banding themselves together in the interest of education 10 and morality, by adopting the most practical and useful means to this end, colored women have in thirty short years become a great power for good. Through the National Association of Colored Women, which was formed by the union of two large organizations in July, 1896, and which is now the only national body among colored women, much good has been done in the past, and more will be accomplished in the future, we hope. Believing that it is only through the home that a people can become really good and truly great, the National Association of Colored Women has entered that sacred domain. Homes, more homes, better homes, purer homes is the text upon which our sermons have been and will be preached. Through mothers' meetings, which are a special feature of the work planned by the Association, much useful information in everything pertaining to the home will be disseminated. We would have heart-to- heart talks with our women, that we may strike at the root of evils, many of which lie, alas, at the fireside. If the women of the dominant race with all the centuries of education, culture and refinement back of them, with all their wealth of opportunity ever present with them - if these women feel the need of a Mothers' Congress that they may be enlightened as to the best methods of rearing children and conducting their homes, how much more do our women, from whom shackles have but yesterday fallen, need information on the same vital subjects? And so throughout the country we are working vigorously and conscientiously to establish Mothers' Congresses in every community in which our women may be found. Under the direction of the Tuskegee, Alabama branch of the National Association, the work of bringing the light of knowledge and the gospel of cleanliness to their benighted sisters on the plantations has been conducted with signal success. Their efforts have thus far been confined to four estates, comprising thousands of acres of land, on which live hundreds of colored people, yet in the darkness of ignorance and the grip of sin, miles away from churches and schools. Under the evil influences of plantation owners, and through no fault of their own, the condition of the colored people is, in some sections to-day no better than it was at the close of the war. Feeling the great responsibility resting upon them, therefore, colored women, both in organizations under the 11 National Association, and as individuals are working with might and main to afford their unfortunate sisters opportunities of civilizations and education, which without them, they would be unable to secure. By the Tuskegee club and many others all over the country, object lessons are given in the best way to sweep, dust, cook, wash and iron, together with other information concerning household affairs. Talks on social purity and the proper method of rearing children are made for the benefit of those mothers, who in many instances fall short of their duty, not because they are vicious and depraved, but because they are ignorant and poor. Against the one-room cabin so common in the rural settlements in the South, we have inaugurated a vigorous crusade. When families of eight or ten, consisting of men, women and children, are all huddled together in a single apartment, a condition of things found not only in the South, but among our poor all over the land, there is little hope of inculcating morality or modesty. And yet, in spite of these environments which are so destructive of virtue, and though the safeguards usually thrown around maidenly youth and innocence are in some sections [entirely?] withheld from colored girls, statistics compiled by men, not inclined to falsify in favor of my race, show that immorality among colored women is not so great as among women in countries like Austria, Italy, Germany, Sweden and France. In New York City a mission has been established and is entirely supported by colored women under supervision of the New York City Board. It has in operation a kindergarten classes in cooking and sewing, mothers' meetings, mens' meetings, a reading circle and a manual training school for boys. Much the same kind of work is done by the Colored Woman's League and the Ladies Auxiliary of this city, the Kansas City League of Missouri, the Woman's Era Club of Boston, the Woman's Loyal Union of New York, and other organizations representing almost every State in the Union. The Phyllis Wheatley Club of New Orleans, another daughter of the National Association, has in two short years succeeded in establishing a Sanatorium and a Training School for nurses. The conditions which caused the colored women of New Orleans to choose this special field in which to operate are such as exist in many other sections of our land. From the city hospitals colored doctors are excluded altogether, 12 not even being allowed to practice in the colored wards, and colored patients - no matter how wealthy they are - are not received at all, unless they are willing to go into the charity wards. Thus the establishment of a Sanatorium answers a variety of purposes. It affords colored medical students an opportunity of gaining a practical knowledge of their profession, and it furnishes a well-equipped establishment for colored patients who do not care to go into the charity wards of the public hospitals. The daily clinics have been a great blessing to the colored poor. In the operating department, supplied with all the modern appliances, two hundred operations have been performed, all of which have resulted successfully under the colored surgeon-in-chief. Of the eight nurses who have registered, one has already passed an examination before the State Medical Board of Louisiana, and is now practicing her profession. During the yellow fever epidemic in New Orleans last summer, there was a constant demand for Phyllis Wheatley nurses. By indefatigable energy and heroic sacrifice of both money and time, these noble women raised nearly one thousand dollars, with which to defray the expenses of the Sanatorium for the first eight months of its existence. They have recently succeeded in securing from the city of New Orleans an annual appropriation of two hundred and forty dollars, which they hope will soon be increased. Dotted all over the country are charitable organizations for the aged, orphaned and poor, which have been established by colored women; just how many, it is difficult to state. Since there is such an imperative need of statistics, bearing on the progress, possessions, and prowess of colored women, the National Association has undertaken to secure this data of such value and importance to the race. Among the charitable institutions, either founded, conducted or supported by colored women, may be mentioned the Hale Infirmary of Montgomery, Alabama; the Carrie Steel Orphanage of Atlanta; the Reed Orphan Home of Covington; the Haines Industrial School of Augusta in the State of Georgia; a Home for the Aged of both races at New Bedford and St. Monica's Home of Boston in Massachusetts; Old Folks' Home of Memphis, Tenn.; Colored Orphan's Home, Lexington, Ky., together with others of which [*????*] time forbids me to speak. 13 Mt. Meigs Institute is an excellent example of a work originated and carried into successful execution by a colored woman. The school was established for the benefit of colored people on the plantations in the black belt of Alabama, because of the 700,000 negroes living in that State, probably 90 per cent are outside of the cities; and Waugh was selected because in the township of Mt. Meigs, the population is practically all colored. Instruction given in this school is of the kind best suited to the needs of those people for whom it was established. Along with their scholastic training, girls are taught everything pertaining to the management of a home, while boys learn practical farming, carpentering, wheel- wrighting, blacksmithing, and have some military training. Having started with almost nothing, only eight years ago, the trustees of the school now own nine acres of land, and five buildings, in which two thousand pupils have received instruction - all through the courage, the industry and sacrifice of one good woman. The Chicago clubs and several others engage in rescue work among fallen women and tempted girls. Questions affecting our legal status as a race are also constantly agitated by our women. In Louisiana and Tennessee, colored women have several times petitioned the legislatures of their respective States to repeal the obnoxious "Jim Crow Car" laws, nor will any stone be left unturned until this iniquitous and unjust enactment against respectable American citizens be forever wiped from the statutes of the South. Against the barbarous Convict Lease System of Georgia, of which negroes, especially the female prisoners, are the principal victims, colored women are waging a ceaseless war. By two lecturers, each of whom, under the Woman's Christian Temperance Union has been National Superintendent of work among colored people, the cause of temperance has for many years been eloquently espoused. In business, colored women have had signal success. There is in Alabama a large milling and cotton business belonging to and controlled entirely by a colored woman who has sometimes as many as seventy-five men in her employ. In Halifax, Nova Scotia, the principal ice plant of the city is owned and managed by one of our women. In the professions we have dentists and doctors, whose practice is lucrative 14 lucrative and large. Ever since the publication, in 1773, of a book entitled "Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral," by Phyllis Wheatley, negro servant of Mr. John Wheatley of Boston, colored women have from time to time given abundant evidence of literary ability. In sculpture we are represented by a woman upon whose chisel Italy has set her seal of approval; in painting, by Bougereau's pupil, whose work was exhibited in the last Paris Salon, and in Music by young women holding diplomas from the first conservatories in the land. And, finally, as an organization of women nothing lies nearer the heart of the National Association than the children, many of whose lives, so sad and dark, we might brighten and bless. It is the kindergarten we need. Free kindergartens in every city and hamlet of this broad land we must have, if the children are to receive from us what it is our duty to give. Already during the past year kindergartens have been established and successfully maintained by several organizations, from which most encouraging reports have come. May their worthy example be emulated, till in no branch of the Association shall the children of the poor, at least, be deprived of the blessings which flow from the kindergarten alone. The more unfavorable the environments of children, the more necessary is it that steps be taken to counteract baleful influences on innocent victims. How imperative is it then that as colored women, we inculcate correct principles and set good examples for our own youth, whose little feet will have so many thorny paths of prejudice temptation, and injustice to tread. The colored youth is vicious we are told, and statistics showing the multitudes of our boys and girls who crowd the penitentiaries and fill the jails appall and dishearten us. But side by side with these facts and figures of crime I would have presented and pictured the miserable hovels from which these youthful criminals come. Make a tour of the settlements of colored people, who in many cities are relegated to the most noisome sections permitted by the municipal government, and behold the mites of humanity who infest them. Here are our little ones, the future representatives of the race, fairly drinking in the pernicious example of their elders, coming in contact with nothing but ignorance and vice, till at the age of six, evil habits are formed which no 15 amount of civilizing or Christianizing can ever completely break. Listen to the cry of our children. In imitation of the example set by the Great Teacher of men, who could not offer himself as a sacrifice, until he had made an external plea for the innocence and helplessness of childhood, colored women are everywhere reaching out after the waifs and strays, who without their aid may be doomed to lives of evil and shame. As an organization, the National Association of Colored Women feels that the establishment of kindergartens is the special mission which we are called to fulfill. So keenly alive are we to the necessity of rescuing our little ones, whose noble qualities are deadened and dwarfed by the very atmosphere which they breathe, that the officers of the Association are now trying to secure means by which to send out a kindergarten organizer, whose duty it shall be both to arouse the conscience of our women, and to establish kindergartens, wherever the means therefor can be secured. And so, lifting as we climb, onward and upward we go, struggling and striving, and hoping that the buds and blossoms of our desires will burst into glorious fruition ere long. With courage, born of success achieved in the past, with a keen sense of the responsibility which we shall continue to assume, we look forward to a future large with promise and hope. Seeking no favors because of our color, nor patronage because of our needs, we knock at the bar of justice, asking an equal chance. Pg. 340 SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, $1.00 PER YEAR. SINGLE COPY, 25 CENTS. Vol. 16, No. 3. January 1900. Whole No. 64. The A.M.E. Church Review Published Quarterly. Contents, January, 1900. I. THE HOLY COMMUNION, ITS PROPER PLACE IN OUR WORSHIP. By Frank P. Parkin, D.C. ... 293 II. THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES. By Edward W. Blyden, D.D. ... 308 III. SPREAD-EAGLEISM. By James Theodore Holly ... 332 IV. THE DUTY OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN TO THE RACE. By Mary Church Terrell ... 340 V. REMINISCENCES OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS. By Solomon Porter Hood ... 355 VI. DISPENSATIONS IN THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH, BY BISHOP BENJAMIN TUCKER TANNER. By W.S. Scarborough, A.M. ... 360 VII. MISCELLANEOUS - Poem - The World was Never Nearer Right: Shakespeare's Theology ... 367 VIII. EDITORIALS - Frontispiece - Belated Greetings; Looking Forward; Editorial Digest; A Negro Exhibit at Paris; The South African Secession; George takes the Center of the Stage; Negro Taxes for Negro Schools; "Spheres of Influence" in Missionary Fields; The Growth of an Idea; Revival of Moral Man; The Case of Professor Herron; Dwight L. Moody, the Layman: His Life and Its Lessons; Posthumous Pen Portraits by Mark Twain ... 375 IX. BOOK NOTICES ... 392 H.T. KEALING, A.M., Editor T.W. HENDERSON, D.D., Publisher Entered at the Philadelphia Post Office as Second Class Mail Letter. The A. M. E. Publishing House, 631 Pine St., Philadelphia, Pa. DEAR SIR: I beg to call your attention to the following notice to ADVERTISERS: From the 1st day of January 1900, the contract of the CHRISTIAN RECORDER for advertising with the Religious Press Association expires and from that date all applications for space should be addressed to the Publisher. There is no paper that can offer better inducements to advertisers than the RECORDER; it is the oldest paper in the world published by the colored race and reaches thousands of readers who take no other paper. Five thousand African Methodist preachers read it weekly in America, and in Africa and the Islands of the Sea. The man or firm that would reach the money-spending members of our race will find the columns of the RECORDER their best medium of reaching them. Our terms for the next three months will be most liberal. Address all communications to Advertizing Department, T. W. HENDERSON, Publisher. 631 Pine St., Phila., Pa. DR. EDWARD WILMOT BLYDEN, D. D., Distinguished Linguist and Scholar, Sierra Leone, Africa. CHURCH REVIEW. I. THE HOLY COMMUNION, ITS PROPER PLACE IN OUR WORSHIP. The work of the Christian minister in every age has been one that, when properly comprehended, has called for the full consecration of every power of mind and body. In the very infancy of the Church, before organization was complete and when simplicity of worship and of government were the predominant features - even then, the apostle Paul, as he realized the magnitude of the duties of the ambassador of Christ was led to say, "Who is sufficient for these things?" Certainly with the modern development of the Christian Church, with its multiform activities and ever- changing demands, the apostle's words are still most applicable. The pressing temptation that confronts the minister to-day, is to be one-sided, or unsymmetrical in his work; to magnify some one duty and to minify others. The secret of success in any walk in life largely consists in knowing where to place the greatest emphasis and in making the proper distribution of one's energies. The demand to-day among our best churches unquestionably is more and more for "all-around men," as they have aptly been called. The same principle applied to the matter of worship, and the place to be given to the various parts of that worship. Protestantism has most [*293*] 294 CHURCH REVIEW. properly magnified the sermon, but in doing so, there has been a tendency, as some of her most conservative theologians and historians have frankly conceded, to mimify unduly other portions of the public worship. Every close and thoughtful observer of the trend of events in the Christian world must have noted, throughout the larger branches of Protestantism, especially, the growth of a movement, which is not to be ridiculed nor ignored, but under proper limitations, to be commended to give greater prominence to things which have been more or less subordinated. The movement to enrich the service has gained no little prominence among such hitherto staid and conservative bodies as the Presbyterians and Congregationalists. Our own Methodist Episcopal Church, which has ever magnified the spiritual side of Church life, has not been indifferent to this new movement. A study of our Discipline, and the successive additions made to our Ritual from time to time, together with the adoption of the new order of service, all give evidence of this fact. It is from a long cherished conviction that the Sacrament of the Holy Communion is not properly appreciated in our Church generally, and that too often it is relegated to a very subordinate place in our worship, and treated as a mere annex of the sermon, with a consequent loss of true dignity and proper solemnity in its administration, that I have been led to prepare this paper on "The Holy Communion - Its Proper Place in Our Worship." But any intelligent consideration of this subject must be connected with a brief survey, at least, of the principal doctrinal discussions concerning this Sacrament of the Christian Church. Every student of Church History, or of the History of the Development of Church Doctrines, recognizes the fact that the Holy Communion has been one of the great storm centres of doctrinal discussions. As a result of these controversies, different branches THE HOLY COMMUNION. 295 of the Christian Church to-day hold views so diametrically opposed to each other as to render the possibility of organic Church union almost beyond any hopes of actual realization looked at from the purely human standpoint. That there should be such a radical divergence of view seems all the more remarkable when we consider the simplicity of this ordinance in the days of the apostles. Then there were no hints of great religious movements that clustered about such terms as Transubstantiation and Consubstantiation, Impanation and Concomitance, and many later terms, which, fortunately, have been relegated to an obsolete theological vocabulary. From the comparatively few references scattered through the gospels and the epistles, its original simplicity is clearly seen. The elements were bread and wine - the common bread and the unadulterated wine. These elements were consecrated. The bread was solemnly broken and the ordinance was sometimes called, as in Acts ii: 42, "the breaking of bread," as if the distribution to each from one common loaf was preserved symbolically. Each element was received separately and there was no withholding of either the bread or the wine from the communicants. This sacrament was originally of frequent observance - at first daily, and later every Lord's Day. The minister, as Christ's representative, officiated but there was no hint of anything priestly or sacrificial in this ministerial act. Tennyson was a Protestant, as his "Queen Mary" abundantly testifies. On the occasion of the Lord's Supper being administered to him, a few months before he died, he quoted his own words: "It is but a Communion, not a Mass; No sacrifice, but a love-giving feast." It was recognized as one having perpetual obligation, having thus been instituted by our Lord for His Church as a sacramental feast in which the bread and wine were to be the signs of His sacred body and blood offered in one oblation on the cross. From the New Testament 296 CHURCH REVIEW. teachings we properly speak of it in a three-fold sense. It is the Sacrament as it signifies and seals the mystical nourishment of Christ. It is the Eucharist as commemorating the sacrifice of Redemption, and it is the Communion as the badge of united Christian profession. The Church was practically united on all these points for many centuries, but germs of future differences and developments early began to appear. Ignatius and Justin used language which looked towards the doctrine of transubstantiation; but in the time of Ambrose and Chrysostom a bolder note was touched, and from that time the doctrine of the real presence of Christ in the Communion began to fasten itself upon the early churches, despite the earnest protest of many of the most spiritual men of the different centuries and the courageous revolt of Martin Luther. Finally it reached its climax in the decisions of the Council of Trent. The view of the Roman Catholics is set forth in the 29th article of that famous Council (1545 to 1563 A.D.). The exact language is: "By the consecration of the bread and wine a conversion is made of the whole substance of the bread into the substance of the body of our Lord and of the whole substance of the wine into his body, which conversion is by the Holy Catholic Church, suitably and properly called transubstantiation." In a catechism prepared and enjoined by order of the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore and approved by Cardinal Gibbons in 1885, we read that "Jesus Christ is whole and entire, both under the form of bread and under the form of wine." "And after the substance of the bread and wine have been changed into the substance of the body and blood of our Lord, there remained only the appearance of bread and wine." The catechism then continues to say: "This change of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ continues to be made in the Church by Jesus Christ, through the ministry of His priests." "Chri gave" (continues the catechism) "his priests the power to change bread and wine into His body and blood, when He THE HOLY COMMUNION. 297 said to the Apostles, 'Do this in remembrance of me.' " The purpose of this paper does not require me to refute the Roman Catholic interpretation of this Sacrament. The best and most concise refutation of that is found in our Articles of Religion No. XVIII, corresponding to Article 28 of the Church of England, in which it is stated that such a doctrine "cannot be proved by Holy Writ, but is repugnant to the plain words of Scripture, overthroweth the nature of a Sacrament, and hath given occasion to many superstitions." Protestantism, in every branch, unites in rejecting the Roman Catholic teaching on this subject, but unfortunately it has never been able to unite in holding the same views as to the meaning of this ordinance. Martin Luther rejected the doctrine of transubstantiation, but substituted for it one which taught that there is a real presence of Jesus Christ in the consecrated elements and that all who partake thereof receive the Lord with the elements. Lutherans to-day are by no means a unit in their acceptance of these views, but in general terms it may be said that the Lutheran conception of the Sacrament is the one which all the Reformed churches have rejected. A view which was advanced by Ulrich Zwingli, a Swiss reformer of the 16th century, is one which has very wide acceptance in our own country, and is one which I believe has many dangerous tendencies involved in it. When reduced to its last analysis the Zwinglian view makes the Communion nothing but a commemoration. There is no recognition of especial grace which the sincere communicant may expect to receive if he approaches the Lord's table in a proper spirit. This view has been carried to its farthest extreme in the teachings of the Unitarians and others, until many of these have ceased entirely to observe the Holy Communion. Whenever this Sacrament is conceived of as a mere memorial and its influence is likened to that of some portrait, and its significance regarded as purely mnemonic, then this sacred ordinance is made to occupy a far lower 298 CHURCH REVIEW. place than Christ designed it should fill in our worship. Calvin struck out a middle path. Prof. George P. Fisher (since the death of Dr. Philip Schaaf, undoubtedly the foremost living Church historian of this country today) has well said that "Calvanism, as it was at the outset, and as distinguished from Lutheranism, has been well defined as a peculiar view of the Lord's Supper. He differed from Luther in holding that Christ is received only by the believer. He differed from Zwingli in holding that Christ is truly, though, spiritually received. While not admitting the ubiquity of His glorified body, he still contended that He is mysteriously and spiritually, even as to this human side, brought into communion with the soul of the believer." The belief of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and of all other Methodist bodies, more nearly approaches that of Calvin than it does that of either Luther or Zwingli. In common with the Anglican churches and as expressed in the 18th of our Articles of Religion, we hold: "The body of Christ is given, taken and eaten in the Supper, only after a heavenly and spiritual manner. And the means whereby the body of Christ is received and eaten in the Supper is faith." As a result of this necessarily very brief historical and doctrinal study of this question, the conclusion is reached that the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, as one of the two sacraments ordained by our Lord, has been regarded by the Christian Church as one of the most important of all the means of grace for the disciple of Christ. It is not, therefore, to be treated as one of but comparatively little importance, and consequently given an inferior place in our public worship. There are to-day two different views held among those churches which hold the reformed views. The first is the tendency so apparent in Anglican circles to give too great prominence to the ritualistic observance of the sacrament. There is a marked increase in the number of Anglican Churches, both in this country, and as well in England, that observe or "celebrate", as they are coming THE HOLY COMMUNION. 299 coming to use the term, daily communion. The High Church Union of England in its last report, after saying that incense is used in 337 churches, and ritualistic vestments worn in 1,032, says the daily Eucharist is celebrated in 500 churches. But the danger lies not so much in the daily communion service, which might be defended on the ground that this is only a return to the custom of primitive Christianity; but in that a vast amount of ritual and ceremony and ornament and pomp have been super- added to the simple observance of the Lord's Supper as the Master instituted it. How free from all ostentation and how little ceremony there was in the sacrament on the nights of its institution, we learn from turning to the accounts preserved by the Evangelists: "And he took bread and gave thanks and brake it and gave it unto them, saying: This is my body which is given for you; this do in remembrance of me. Likewise also the cup after supper, saying: This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you." And this is all, as Luke describes it. The Church of Rome has made of it a Mass, with a great weight of doctrine resting on it. It has divided the mass into various classes - the high, the low, the public, the private, the capitular, the parochial, the conventual, the votive, and other kinds. The celebration calls for a variety of vessels, vestments, celebrators, forms, parts. The liturgy is a drama, and requires the actors and paraphernalia of a drama for presentation. Among the objects necessary are an altar, altar-breads, altar-cloths, baldacchino, burse, candles, chalice, chalice veil, corporal, credence table, crucifix, faldstool, incense, lamp, missal, mundatory, monstrance, palla, paten, pyx, holy water, wine. Among the vestments prescribed are the alb, amice, beretta, chasuble, dalmatic, girdle, humeral veil, maniple, stole, surplice. Of the ceremonies we may mention ablution, aspersion, consecration, consecration of the chalice, con- 300 CHURCH REVIEW. secration of paten, elevation, exposition, benediction, procession, blessing of pyx, blessing of corporal, etc. Among the parts of the service are the agnus dei, asperges, canon, collect, confiteor embolismus, kyrie, pax, pater noster. Among those who officiate are the celebrant, deacon, sub-deacon, acolyte. A steadily increasing wing of the Anglican Church is gradually adopting Roman methods. Dr. Hugh Johnson, who was present at a meeting of the Lambeth Conference, describes a service which he attended in St. Paul's Cathedral in August, 1897: "After the sermon came the offertory to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in foreign parts. While the alms were being collected in the choir and nave, the Archbishops and Bishops within the sacrarium advanced separately and presented their oblations, kneeling at the holy table. The Bishop of London then took the great golden almsdish and delivered it to the minor canon, who proceeded to the entrance of the sacrarium to receive from the officers the alms of the congregation. These oblations were handed back to the Bishop of London, and with much ceremony they were presented by him. The Holy Communion followed, and while characterized by great beauty and solemnity, it was marred in its simplicity by the highest of High Churchism. The bread and wine were placed on the holy table: and the Archbishop having read the service and communicated, administered the holy communion to the Bishop of London and the Bishop of Minnesota. Then they administered to the metropolitans who knelt on a lower platform, and six of these administered to the other communicants who knelt of a still lower platform. The bread was received in the open palm, and then thrown into the mouth as if too sacred to be held between the thumb and finger. After the blessing had been pronounced by the Archbishop, he still held his cross in his left hand and while the Te Deum was sung, the procession of Bishops retired in the reverse order to that in which they entered, the Archbishop of Canterbury preceding." THE HOLY COMMUNION. 301 If these additions to simplicity of worship are ever generally accepted, then Protestantism will need another Martin Luther or a second John Wesley to lead her back to the simplicity that is in Christ. But there is another extreme which is equally to be deplored, I refer to the tendency to disparage and finally to abandon the observance of this sacrament. Dr. Bushnell sounded a note of alarm many years ago when, in referring to Baptism and the Lord's Supper, he said: "For some reason, these positive institutions are falling rapidly into disrespect as if destined finally to be quite lost or sunk in oblivion. Such is the spirit of the times. The true reason is the growth and pervading influence of naturalism, which not only does not want, but excludes such institutions. Accordingly it will be seen," adds Dr. Bushnell, "that as we grow more naturalistic, just in the same proposition do these institutions lose their hold of us." When Ralph Waldo Emerson was the pastor of the leading Unitarian Church in Boston, he ceased to administer the Lord's Supper, assigning as the reason that "it was giving undue prominence to one among many good men." If the devout believer in Christ as the Son of God were called upon to choose between the Emersonian conception of the value of the Holy Communion and that entertained by the other wing of Protestantism, even the Ritualistic branch of the Anglican Church - he ought not to be long in making his choice. But Methodism here, as in so many other respects, occupies a middle position, which we believe best conserves the results of Protestantism and best represents the spirit of our Lord's teachings. The Roman Catholic, Anglican and Lutheran Churches urge their members to observe the communion frequently. The Puritans, in their violent reactionary spirit, went too far in this, as in some other respects. Christmas and Easter, as special religious days, were denounced by them and the Holy Communion was only 302 CHURCH REVIEW. observed at long intervals. On the other hand the Congregationalists of Scotland celebrate the Lord's Supper every Lord's Day after the sermon. One of the most rapidly growing denominations in our country, according to Dr. Carroll's religious census is the Disciples of Christ, frequently nicknamed the "Campbellites" and sometimes known as the "Christians." They celebrate the Eucharist every Lord's Day and one of their leading divines has recently said that there are congregations which have not failed to break bread every Lord's Day for thirty-five years, and this they do whether any of the "preaching brethren," as he calls them, "are with us not." The Presbyterians very generally have adopted the plan of having a communion service once in two months. Methodism has no uniform plan. Changed circumstances require different methods. In very many of our Western conferences the Holy Communion is only administered in connection with the quarterly meetings, and then a sermon by the presiding elder and a quarterly conference to follow possibly, leaves but little time for the proper observance of this Sacrament, which should mean so much to every devout soul. As the communion service is too frequently observed in many parts of our beloved church, it ministers neither to reverence nor to spiritual edification. When it is preceded by a sermon sometimes nearly an hour in length, one half or two-thirds of the congregation then feeling obliged to leave for their homes; when our beautiful and impressive liturgy is then hurriedly read and the larger portion omitted; when the congregation is invited promiscuously to come to the table of the Lord, with unseemly confusion and crowding; when the elements are carelessly prepared, the unfermented juice of the grape being replaced by insipid raisin water, or molasses and water, or a decoction of prunes and water or even water alone, all of which not only have been, but are to-day being used in some churches; and when the THE HOLY COMMUNION. 303 remarks in connection with the distribution of the emblems are such as seriously to detract from the proper solemnity of the service - then we may positively affirm that the Holy Communion does not occupy its proper place in our worship. The use of water for wine in some churches to-day is a reminder that the Aquarians, an early Christian sect, took their name from the fact that they insisted that wine should not be used in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper and substituted water for it. The Mormons at their Communion services, I am told, use water instead of wine. At a state convention of Universalists in Massachusetts some years since the question of substituting water for wine aroused a very spirited discussion which revealed the very astonishing fact that a very large proportion of the ministers represented favored such a substitution. A few years since the Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Hong Kong, China, issued a circular to his clergy, in which he said that Jesus chose bread and wine at the Last Supper merely because they were in use in Palestine. "Had it been in China," added the Bishop, "He would certainly have used tea; henceforth we shall use tea instead of wine at the Communion service." In one, and only one Methodist Church that I know, under the guidance of a pastor who held these extreme views, water was substituted for wine, but fortunately all these are exceptions. Today the pure unfermented juice of the grape is being used by nearly every church that does not still cling to the wine of commerce. The subject of this paper does not properly require that a question which in some sections of the country has been attracting considerable attention, should be seriously considered at this time, but some reference to it may be in order. However plausible may be the arguments which have been advanced in behalf of the use of individual communion cups, such a change should receive no encouragement. It is but an ephemeral notion, a passing fad, 304 CHURCH REVIEW. that I predict will soon disappear. Indeed, the agitation has already largely ceased. It is not required by consideration of health. It cultivates the caste spirit, and frequently has been the cause of more or less serious disruptions where it has displaced the common cup. Fortunately, Methodism has had the fewest churches of any of the large denominations which have adopted the individual cup. At the semi-annual meeting of the Board of Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church held at Springfield, Mass., in November, 1898, in response to a communication addressed to them, the following action was taken, which properly represents the attitude of that great church: "The communion is meant to be a continuation of the sacrament as administered by our Lord. It is evident that He used a common cup. The rubric for this service speaks in several places of the cup. The General Conference, in 1864, exercised its authority and responsibility by altering the ritual in several respects, and thus assumed the right of the Church to determine the method of administration. It is the judgment of the Bishop that no individual church should assume to alter the mode of administration of the Holy Communion which was so established." Surely such an Episcopal deliverance ought to put an end to all further attempts to introduce the individual communion cup into Methodist Episcopal Churches. One indirect benefit of that discussion, however, is seen in the adoption of the custom which had been followed for many years by some pastors who carry with them, as they administer the wine, a clean napkin, with which, in an unobtrusive way, they wipe off the edge of the cup after the wine has been sipped by each communicant. This much of a concession we cheerfully make to those who have the microbe mania in an extreme form. Enough has been said to make it self-evident that every pastor should make a conscientious study of this subject, with a view to making the Communion service one of the most interesting and profitable THE HOLY COMMUNION. 305 profitable of all our church services. Permit me in conclusion to present certain suggestions which have been found not by one, but by many pastors to have resulted in redeeming the Holy Communion from what Bishop Ninde has recently characterized as "the soulless observance or entire neglect which so widely prevails even among our Methodist people." I need make no apology for giving, in conclusion, my own method of conducting this service. The first Sunday morning of each month is entirely given up to the the Holy Communion, baptism and the reception of members. Acting upon the principle that one service a month may profitably be emphasized as a family service, the Holy Communion is preceded by the reception of members upon probation, from probation, upon confession of faith from other denominations, and by certificates. While many reasons can be advanced in favor of the custom of receiving members publicly on any Sabbath, I believe there are weightier reasons for uniting this service with the monthly Communion. It has been my own experience since adopting this plan to receive members in some one or all of these various ways at every monthly Communion service during the past eleven years or more, and the sight of these new members coming for the first time to the Lord's table has naturally increased the interest in the Sacrament. A second method employed has been, previous to the administration of the Sacrament, to make brief and tender reference to any members or probationers who may have died during the month preceding. The date and manner of their reception, with name of pastor receiving them, followed by such remarks as may seem most appropriate, add not a little interest to the monthly Communion service and greatly tend to cement church ties and to develop a true church feeling. A third suggestion I would make as the result of its adoption for several years, is that the pastor should select a monthly Communion text, which may be used as a basis for the remarks made when dismissing each table. 306 CHURCH REVIEW. Where these Scripture texts are wisely chosen and adapted to the season or to some particular need which has appeared in pastoral work, their use is attended with most blessed spiritual results. When a weekly calendar or any church paper is published, these texts should be printed in each issue during that month and placed at the head of the pastor's notes. All this is preliminary to, or supplemental of, the service. When we turn to our Ritual and read those matchless sentences in that portion of our Liturgy, one wonders at the carelessness with which they too often are read, at the tendency to omit large portions of the service, and the lack of participation by the people in the Prayer of Confession. The late Dr. George R. Crooks, of Drew Theological Seminary, who not only in the matter of lay delegation but in so many other questions was far in advance of his age, recognized the value of uniting the warmth and heartiness of Methodism with the use of our Liturgy and Ritual. He said many years ago: "The church says in effect to its minister when baptizing or celebrating the Lord's Supper, 'This is our faith in relation to the meaning of these important ordinances, and see you to it that in every administration this faith is stated fully and without change.' Nothing here can safely be left to haphazard. In the hands of the most ignorant minister, baptism and the Lord's Supper can be administered with dignity and without doctrinal confusion so long as the words of the service are faithfully followed. On the other hand, the educating power of the liturgy for the people," Prof. Crooks added, "is beyond the possibility of human estimate. Every sentence is a good seed dropped into the minds of hearers and participants whose fruit appears in well-rooted doctrinal convictions. The confession is the prayer of the whole congregation, and not of some one in their behalf. Their duty to join in it is so obvious that one wonders how their education in this particular has been neglected." THE HOLY COMMUNION. 307 The use of music - either vocal or instrumental - during the communion service is a matter largely left to the good sense and taste of the minister. The excellent custom of many churches when the communicants are requested to come forward, of beginning on the right of the church or including certain aisles at the first table, and then on the left for the second table, and then alternating, is an expedient so simple and so preventive of unseemly crowding and confusion in the aisles, that one wonders why this practice is not universal wherever the number of communicants is sufficient to justify it. As with the sermon, so with the Communion service, its climax is not to be omitted. Our Ritual directs that the "Gloria in Excelsis" should be said or sung. Who that has ever heard it sung in the proper manner as a closing hymn would ever wish to omit it hereafter? "By this act of devotion," to use once more the language of Dr. Crooks, "the church links itself more closely with the saints of all ages. This hymn in prayer and prayer in hymn, which has come down to us freighted with so many precious memories, appropriately closes the commemoration of the dying of Christ for us al." Would that in every church throughout our common Methodism, while paying no less attention to revival preaching and hearty congregational singing, we might imitate more and more both the spirit and example of our illustrious founder, John Wesley, and give the Holy Communion a deeper place in our hearts, and greater prominence in our worship. FRANK P. PARKIN. 308 CHURCH REVIEW. II. THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES. Africa has heard with deep regret and sorrow of the unhappy state of things which prevails in the Southern portions of the United States. Every paper recently received from America tells of horrors which seem inexplicable on any other theory than that the actors and sufferers, both white and black, have, for the time being, by some inscrutable Providence, "lost their heads." Making allowance for the exaggerations of an enterprising press, there must still be a residuum of truth in the reports which represent the Negro in the South as having to endure, for alleged inhuman and villainous crimes, of which in other countries the courts take cognizance, brutalities and tortures, inflicted by irresponsible mobs, at the very thought of which the soul sickens and the brain reels. The last mail brings us intelligence that the atrocities committed upon the wretched, perhaps demented, Sam Hose, have since been exceeded by the resources of a terrible ingenuity which has invented and continues to invent elaborate, nameless and blood-curdling cruelties such as no African ferocity, even when inspired and goaded by heartless and unjustifiable foreign invasion and oppression, ever yet dreamed of inflicting on its victims. It is impossible to convey to the unsophisticated, untraveled African any adequate conception of the horrors perpetrated upon his "kin beyond the sea" by the strangers in whose country they have lived and toiled for three hundred years. He can form no image in his mind of such a state of things. The hideous love of THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES. 309 cruelty, of inflicting pain for the pleasure of beholding agony, of spending actual intellectual effort in contriving unheard of tortures, is a passion more than any other incomprehensible and abhorrent to him. I attempted not long since to read and explain to some natives from the interior the accounts of lynching, etc., as given in the New York Herald, New York Journal, etc. They could not grasp the horrible details. They asked me who wrote those descriptions. I told them white men. "What," they replied, "the same men who commit those wicked deeds?" "No, not the same men," I said, "but men of the same race." "Surely," they rejoined, "white men make newspaper to sell." Rather a good description, I thought, of the "yellow press." I then took up the New York Independent (May 11, 1890) and said, "Let me read to you now what a black man has written about those crimes;" and I read the following graphic tale of horror - a description which the editor of the Independent calls the "result of the passionate indignation of Chaplain Steward:" "Sam Hose was burned on Sunday afternoon in the presence of thousands of people. Before the fire had been kindled the mob amused themselves by cutting off the ears, fingers, toes, etc. to carry away as mementos. After the burning, and before the body was cool, it was cut to pieces, the heart and liver being especially cut up and sold. Small pieces of bone brought 25 cents, and 'a bit of the liver, crisply cooked, sold for 10 cents.' So eager were the crowd to obtain souvenirs that a rush for the stake was made, and those near the body were forced against and had to fight for their escape." One of the listeners walked away before I had finished the paragraph. I could not learn whether he left because of irrepressible indignation or invincible incredulity. The fact is, however, that their imagination had never pictured any tragedy so frightful or revolting. Nothing in their experience or their traditions could afford any parallel to such hideous barbarities practised as they were by people supposed to be Christian and highly civilized. Some of the most thoughtful who remained asked me afterwards, "Why don't those Africans return to the 2 310 CHURCH REVIEW. land of their fathers and escape from the hands of them that hate them?" I replied, "It is not so easy to return as might be supposed. If it were not for the great seawater between our country and the country of the persecutors, millions would have returned long ago. But in God's own time many will return, when He has made everything ready here and there for their departure and their advent." This, of course, brings up the vast question of the presence and future of the Negro in America. It has been sometimes urged as a reproach against him by white men with whom I have conversed both in England and American on the race question, that he is indifferent to the land of his fathers. This charge, I am happy to say, I have been in a position to repel and refute. My intercourse with the late Frederick Douglass, and with the happily still vigorous and active Bishop Turner - antipodal in their views on the subject of African emigration - as well as my own travels in the South have served to convince me of the mischievous error of two statements concerning the American Negro; viz: First, that he is dying out, and secondly, that he is opposed to returning to his ancestral home. During a never-to-be- forgotten week which I had the privilege of spending with the "Old Man Eloquent" at his elegant home in the suburbs of Washington, and where I had him all to myself, among the numerous subjects discussed was the question of the Negro's decay in the South. Referring to this, he said, with an intensity of interest which does not appear in his simple language, "I, too, used to think that the Negro was dying out until I went South, where I was entirely reconstructed on that point, for I saw a Negro boy on every fence rail, a black baby on every curbstone. This," he added, with unaffected and inimitable fervor, "gave me hope for the future of the race, and I felt myself enthused." No one who has ever conversed with Mr. Douglass, especially on the race question, can ever forget the flashes of poetic imagination which adorned his utterances. He THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES. 311 has written some of the most beautiful things in English literature; but his table talk, when he felt free to let himself go, was the most inspiring of his effusions. He spoke at times with a keen and profound pathos, and at times with exquisite humor. Tears and laughter often chased or kissed each other under the spell of the conjurer. His conversation was elevated prose, as near poetry as prose can go. He was seldom able to resist an epigram or an alliteration, either in public or private speech, producing a picturesqueness of effect which the listener was delighted to recognize and ever after to cherish as an inspiring remembrance. The myrrh and frankincense of imperishable praise will ever embalm his memory for those who were admitted to his personal friendship. And by those who knew him only in his writings, he will be assigned no unequal or undistinguished place among the greatest of Americans who have fought for the physical, political and spiritual freedom of the race. On the subject of the universal desire of the Southern Negro to return to the land of his fathers, Bishop Turner is my other witness. He is the embodiment of hyperbole. It is a constitutional gift. Some call it a defect. He has said to me, not once nor twice, "I could, if I had the means at command, bring millions - yes, millions - of Negroes from the South to Africa in a few years, so deep and wide-spread is the desire among them to return home." In the very latest number of the Voice of Missions, which now lies before me (September 4899), appears the following: "Liberian emigration appears to be becoming all the rage. The endorsement of the movement by the great state of Texas and largely approved also by the convention of the farmers of Georgia, and the resolution of the Presiding Elders' Convention of the Sixth Episcopal District, and its approval by such men of the race as Hon. W. A. Pledger, but it is no use to name, by thousands of prominent men, and the vast multitudes who are clamoring for ships direct to Africa, and the effort now being made to sign a petition to Congress, with signatures ten miles long, asking for a hundred million of dollars, - this and a hundred things we have not time to tell, show the drift 312 CHURCH REVIEW. of public sentiment now working among the white and black people of the country. Liberian emigration will soon be a fact, and a great Negro nation will also soon be a fact" Bishop Turner's wonderful gift, call it what we may, has served many a noble purpose, carried out many a necessary work, which, without that peculiar talent, could not have been effected. He has turned many around,, who had sworn to keep their backs to the East, and made them face Africa, though he could not always make them open their eyes to contemplate the attractions before them. Men may be made to see, but they cannot be made to look; that is a voluntary action of mind, not amenable to external influence. The Negro exodus from America - gradual it may be, but, nevertheless, an exodus - is sure to come. It is an inevitable condition in the evolution of the Negro race, and Bishop Turner's part in the great work can never be eliminated from the history of that process. He has saturated with his views on emigration all the leading Southern papers. He has been persistent and consistent in his advocacy of the great cause through the evil report and good report of nearly thirty years. The contagion of his earnestness and sympathy has inoculated thousands of minds. He is, it must be admitted, frightfully pugnacious, beyond comparison the most combative writer who controls a Negro journal or any journal in America. Where his unparalleled vocabulary does not furnish the necessary epithet, his abounding fertility is never at a loss. He coins words with a a bewildering readiness to serve as vehicles for his passionate exuberance. I have seen recently in the Voice of Missions, the amazing word "Africanite," which is just as legitimate and euphonic, and just as necessary as a descriptive race term as Europeanite, Americanite or Indianite would be; but, though it can never form a permanent addition to race nomenclature, it no doubt serves the purpose for which it was intended. "Age cannot wither nor custom stale the infinite variety" of this magister sententiarum. THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES 313 I have been reading after the Bishop for years. I have often quoted from him in my published writings, and I have never failed to admire, if I have sometimes deprecated, his ability and willingness to pour out his wrath, from what seemed to us a teeming and exhaustless fountain, upon everything he disapproves and upon everyone who differs from his ideas of emigration or attempts to argue against them - the very Achilles of debate, "Impiger, iracundus, inexorabilis, acer." When in company with him he has furnished a most puzzling object of study. His intellectual versatility and resourcefulness have surprised me when contrasted with his restlessness if anything is said which he cannot just fit in with his preconceived notions; his fits of irritation growing, probably, out of an uncomfortable and nervous organization, characteristic of the impetuous and intractable Eboe tribe from which he sprang - a pedigree which goes far to explain, if it does not excuse, his ferocity of utterance. But, as with the Eboes, whose anger is very short madness, the clouds of wrath readily disperse and sunshine appears as if there had been no storm. There is in this character much that is generous, much that is hearty and spontaneous. In spite of his contemptuous and often abusive attitude towards adversaries; in spite of his too frequent indulgence in terms of scorn and vituperation; in spite, also, of the fact that clever people have always a little malice against the stupid; no man has a warmer heart or more expansive and unrestricted sympathies; none is more abundant in generosity towards the unfortunate and helpless; often with the simplicity and abandon of a child he will weep with those who weep and rejoice with those who rejoice, and readily follow when led in any direction that seems to point to racial or, I should say, human benevolence, patriotism and virtue. Chivalry is the key-note of his whole character. Therefore the fact cannot be ignored - criticise his methods as we may - that the person who, at the present moment, has the greatest, the surest, the most 314 CHURCH REVIEW. diffused influence over the great mass of the Negroes of the South is indisputably HENRY MCNEAL TURNER, and this because he has the most pronounced reverence for the ancestral home of at least five-sixths of the colored population, and never ceases, with all the earnestness of prophetic insight, to warn, to admonish of present and impending dangers, and to point with irrepressible enthusiasm to the glorious inheritance of the race - theirs by divine appointment - beyond the sea. The Voice of Missions is emphatically Bishop Turner's paper - a personal production, stamped with the individuality, the image and superscription of its creative and versatile founder. In his editorial and other didactic labors, the Bishop proceeds upon the principle which in conversation with me he has often insisted upon, that a leader to be effective must be not only intelligent but intelligible to those he attempts to lead. Moreover, when hatred of oppression is to be vigorously expressed; when indolence and indifference are to be made odious; when the drowsy and lethargic preacher is to be awakened; when the call to the Fatherland is to be emphasized, it is not the oily and plausible man that is needed; it requires for the ear of the Negro just out of bondage a sound much bigger and far more trumpet-tongued than any "Voice" but that of Bishop Turner is competent to produce. Fifty years hence this "Voice" will not be needed and it will not exist then. The circumstances requiring it are local and temporary. I do not wonder that protests continue to be sent from all parts of the South against the severance of the connection between the extraordinary parent, Bishop Turner, and the equally extraordinary offspring, the Voice. But whatever happens, the memory of the paper will exist as that of one of the most trustworthy records of the habits and customs and the tone of thought of the American Negro during the first fifty years after his deliverance from chattel bondage. It will be studied, also, as an instructive appendage to the biography of one of the most remarkable characters produced among the Negroes in THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES. 315 the South under, or, perhaps, in spite of, the stern discipline of the "peculiar institution." But to return to the subject of which Bishop Turner is so important a part that the digression in which I have indulged to say a few words about him will be readily understood and excused. The Negro in the Southern States, then, is not dying out and he is not indifferent or antagonistic to the Fatherland. But he cannot come to Africa now. He is not yet ready for the transition. Still his suffering continues without any apparent diminution. Dark and dreary are the days before him. Suffering, however, is nothing new to him and adversities have their uses. He will survive them. O passi graviora dabit Deus his quoque finem. * * * * * * - forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit. But what is his duty now? The interest as well as the duty of the Southern Negro, it appears to me, is to follow the practical and sensible advice given by Mr. Booker T. Washington, in his now famous metaphor, "to drop his bucket where he is" - to use the ample, and I must add, unexampled means put into his hands for real progress and permanent usefulness. In politics he should turn over a new leaf. Referring to the National Afro-American Council which sat recently in Chicago, the Colored American, (August 19, 1899) says:- "We hope for the sake of the race's best interest that it (the Council) has taken the advice of our wisest leaders and refrained from dabbling in party politics." I share in this hope. The ignoring of politics by the Negroes of the South would be the most important step in the direction of genuine progress taken by the race since the Civil War. After the war the laws of the United States and the State Constitutions declared that the freedmen should be educated. The Southern States, with patriotic and commendable readiness, made appropriations more or 316 CHURCH REVIEW. less liberal for this purpose. The thoughtful and generous spirit of Northern philanthropists sent some of their best men and women to teach the ex-slaves and their children. The educational achievements of the last thirty years have been marvelous. But great as these have been there would have been a grander and far more satisfactory work done, and the new conditions would long ago have been welcomed as an unmixed blessing by both races, but for the unfortunate intervention of political aspirations on the part of the blacks. They were misled by adventurous strangers from other parts of the country and by demagogues from among themselves, who professed to believe and made the inexperienced and simple freedman believe that he should take part in politics to secure his newly acquired "rights-" "Hinc prima mali labes." The fatal taint of political agitation in which in spite of himself the Negro was involved infected his new career at the outset. It acted disastrously not only upon his circumstances but upon his character. Men who had been taught habits of industry, of proper subordination, of reverence for authority, human and Divine, began to imagine that individual independence and self-assertion were the true roads to honor and self-respect. This was a most unfortunate circumstance. It would appear that neither the poor ex-slaves nor their leaders know anything of human nature or human history. But their former masters knew the situation and its imperative requirements. They were not going to be guided by an unsound, though apparently humanitarian, sentiment and thus imperil the interests of all. The war had left on their hands large and serious arrears of domestic politics to be dealt with; and the Negro by the false and unnatural position in which he was placed became a burden and a menace. We cannot wonder, therefore, at the irritation which thirty years have not yet served fully to allay. The Hon. J. L. M. Curry, in an address before the Educational Conference at Capon THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES. 317 Springs (June 22, '99), gives a graphic and touching presentation of the case. "It is impossible for those living north of Mason and Dixon's line "to realize how universal and crushing was the bankruptcy of the "South after Appomattox. In 1861 the real and personal property "of Georgia was valued at $661 000,000 At the close of the war "$121,000,000 were left. Ex uno disce omnes. Superadd the horrors "of reconstruction, its robberies, insults, corruptions, incompetence " of officials, and the deliberate attempt to put the white "people in subjection of the Negroes. "Despite the environments and the hopelessness of the outlook, "there were a few who felt that the salvation of the South, the recovery "of its lost prestige, depended on universal education. They "felt that no better service could be rendered to the country and "the great problems which embarrassed and darkened action than a "scheme of applying systems tried and known elsewhere, to the "renaissance of the South. Therefore, with hope and courage amid "the gloom of disappointment and poverty and despair the pressure "of adverse circumstances, and the struggle for subsistence, they "advocated and secured the incorporation into organic law of general "education as the only measure which promised to lift up the lately "servile race and restore the whole people to their former prosperity. "They persevered in their efforts until now, in view of the "magnificent results achieved, we can set up our Ebenezer."* As a result of this wonderful self-sacrifice, a change - as far as we are able to understand matters from this distance, appears to be coming over the situation - a change brought about by education, by time, and by circumstances, which are obscuring and throwing into the background the old issues, which make it necessary in the opinion of some that special laws should be passed to protect the Negro, and that he should in politics go "solid" for the party who set him free. The Negroes, it is most gratifying to see, are breaking up politically to a very large extent. They do not now vote solidly in favor of one party. There is a greater disposition to think for themselves. Prominent colored men and leading colored papers are in open opposition to the existing administration, some declaring for the coming Democratic candidate for the Presidency. This condi- *The American Monthly Review of Reviews, August, 1899. 318 CHURCH REVIEW. tion of things began before the Republican Convention held at St. Louis in 1896, but has been rapidly growing since then. An article of remarkable insight and candor, by Mr. T. T. Fortune, of the New York Age, published in the New York Sun, soon after the convention, contained the following striking paragraphs: "The idea that the Federal Congress can legislate the Afro-American "into a man capable of forcing respect for his political and other "rights is a dead issue. The American people no longer enthuse "over it. They have reached the conclusion that the man and "brother must look out for himself under the Constitution of the "State of which he is a citizen just as they do." * * * "The American people completed their part of the contract, written by those who drafted the Declaration of Independence, when "they manumitted the slave, when they placed him upon absolute "equality under the Constitution with all the other elements of the "citizenship and left him to fight out his salvation in the several "States, precisely as all other elements of the citizenship are left to fight it out." This appears to me to be the correct view. The Negro left to himself and not misled and deluded into the idea that he is a significant figure in the solution of political problems, will "fight out his salvation" only on the line of educational, industrial and religious effort. The American people at a tremendous sacrifice got him out of Egypt with its degrading limitations; but, alas, the Red Sea will not divide; the promised land is as far as ever, and the question pressing upon many is whether they are to die in the wilderness. No; they will not die in the wilderness, if they are wise. The emancipation which their own hands could not achieve has been achieved for them. But there is a far more important emancipation yet to be effected which it is in their power to attain and that is what Mr. Nathan B. Young calls the third emancipation, * viz: the emancipation from the distorting and trammeling influence of a false consciousness, and this will further emancipate them from the excitement and demoralization of uncongenial party politics and from the degrading facination * The A.M.E. Church Review, October, 1898. THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES. 319 facination of all the concomitants and associations of party politics. That they are determined to rid themselves of these things is evidenced by the large and unstinted provisions they are making for their own material, educational and religious improvements. Those of us on this side, who study the current history of the Negro in the United States, are surprised and gratified at the vast strides made by them in every department of life outside of politics. Their relatives in Africa view with gratitude and hope this creditable state of things and look with confidence to the time when the intelligent and enterprising will turn with decided enthusiasm to the land of their fathers. Meanwhile, our advice to them is not to antagonize their surroundings. In politics they should hold with those among whom they have lived for generations and who know them better than anybody else. They must accept the orthodox creed of their section and echo the orthodox cry. No slavery now threatens them. There is no danger of their being reduced to chattelism. They must bury the strife - the unnecessary, and, for them, unprofitable and pernicious strife - of the past, and study, in order to master it, the political shibboleth of the dominant race. And there is nothing unreasonable or unmanly in such advice. The question of the Negro in Southern politics, owing to his numerical strength in certain States and his general educational and material inferiority even leaving out his "previous condition of servitude" - affects such powerful interests and confronts and affronts so many prepossessions that it is impossible to deal with it as it can be dealt with in the North. It would be extremely difficult and perilous to give the blacks, under existing circumstances, that share of electoral power for which their injudicious leaders clamor, and to prevent that share from becoming preponderant and unfair. As a rule, the Negro does not ask for it. No necessity of circumstance, no promptings of patriotism, no convictions of conscience demand it. In the beginning of 320 CHURCH REVIEW. his career of freedom he had no thought of the franchise, and even now he cares very little about it. It was, as I have said above, forced upon him as a protection against the Democratic party. But he has now lived under two Democratic administrations and the sky has not fallen upon him. Indeed several leading colored men have entered the Democratic ranks and they have not been smitten with the plague.* It is no sign of retrogression or necessarily an evil that in a free country and in a democratic community, interest should sometimes be arrayed against interest, policy against policy, progress against reaction, commerce against agriculture, free trade against protection; but in every strife that it should be healthy and not perilous, that it should promote life and not undermine it, that peace and growth should come after the struggle, and not decay and death, education and death should be found ranged on both sides, though not always in equal strength. In the days of slavery, there were divisions in the South, but education and wealth fought alike in either camp. To such contests there can be no objection. They are the inevitable result of free institutions. But *Since writing the above, I have noticed the following in the New York Evening Post (Sept. 11 1899): J. C. L. Harris, an ex-Secretary of the North Carolina Republican state committee says that "a great many white Republicans will vote for" the amendment intended to disfranchise the ignorant negroes. "The party cannot afford to take any official action in regard to it. A vote for the amendment will not be a vote in hostility to the negro, but the thinking white Republicans see and know it is impossible to do anything in North Carolina with the negroes solidly Republican. I expect the amendment to be ratified by a large majority." If such a step should be taken by the Republican party, it would be, as it strikes me, the most important movement made by them since they freed the negro, furnishing relief from a most embarrassing situation, and marking their own and the Negro's deliverance from the unsatisfactory state of things which has helped to complicate the race problem, not only preventing the harmony of the races, but reducing to perplexing impotence in North Carolina, as Mr. Harris pathetically says, the political benefactors of the Negro. THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES. 321 the danger lies in dividing on race or class lines. If in England, among a homogeneous people, conservative minds dread the division of people into the "classes and and the masses," how much more to be deprecated must be divisions on race lines in such a country as the Southern States and between two such races as the Caucasian and the Negro. The mass of the Negroes instinctively feel the suffrage in their hands is of no earthly use to them, unless used in the interests of one side or the other of those who are their superiors in education, social position and wealth. They do not expect, and the more reflective among them have never expected, that a use of the suffrage - never intended by the framers of the Constitution - which never ignores, suppresses and reduces to political impotence the possessors of property, wealth and intelligence, would be tolerated by the chivalry, the liberal culture, the commercial enterprise and the agricultural supremacy of any Southern community. When this is thoroughly understood by the blacks - as encouraging indications show that it is being understood - Southern society will return to its old channels of mutual trust and confidence. Antagonism on the one hand and distrust on the other will be a thing of the past, and in course of time, we shall cease to hear of those illogical and lawless outrages which sometimes spread terror among the blacks and shame and confusion among the whites. There is doubtless in the South for both races a common ground of practical work. The best and highest interests of the races are not incompatible with one another; and they are, in my opinion, of equal importance. I do not trust for the success or safety of the Negro to numerical preponderance - to the revelations of the census of vital statistics - apart from a proper understanding between the races. As an advocate for many years of the gradual repatriation of the Negro, it has been my lot to receive letters from Northern correspondents of the white race, suggesting that the blacks 322 CHURCH REVIEW. are more likely to push the whites out of Georgia and the Gulf States than to be pushed out by them. This would be contrary to all experience of servile races; and if it were possible to carry out such an idea, it would be the greatest misfortune that could befall the Negro. No; it is in the human sympathies alone that a sure foundation can be laid for the moral virtues, or even for the preservation of peace, a reverence for law, and a respect for order. The protection and safety and success of the Negro lie in his natural shrinking from, or perhaps incapacity for, self-assertion; his preference for the trusting and sympathetic to the distinctive attitude. Self-effacement conquers more infallibly than self-assertion. The genius of the Negro makes rather for the inner sanctities of self-renunciation than for the outward energies and demonstrations of self-assertion. Hence the impossibility of annihilating him. "Blessed are the meek for they shall inherit the earth." There are many Africans in the South, hard workers in the soil, in the schools, in the shops and in the church, who have had the third emancipation, who have been liberated from a false consciousness and a compromising position. I am cheered by the thought that there is many a retreat of quiet goodness among the blacks - so Bishop Dudley and others have informed us - that lies safe under the shelter of a generous statesmanship, where the people enjoy the inestimable blessings of rural life, so suited to African nature. "Far from the maddening crowd's ignoble strife, Their sober wishes never learn to stray; Along the cool, sequestered vale of life They hold the even tenor of their way" It is to these sheltered folk we must look for the faith and hope of the Negro in the United States, and not to the noisy and mercenary would-be leaders in politics, who hang about the cities, the majority of whom, Mr. W. T. Menard informs us, "while possessing intelligence, great energy and enormous lung power, are incapable of passing a civil service examination."* *A. M. E. Church Review, October 1898, p. 603. THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES. 323 I hear of colonies of blacks being organized in the South. If it would be thoroughly understood, probably by some unwritten law, respected by both whites and blacks, that no white people, except by special government appointment, are to be allowed to settle among these people; if ample provisions were made for their religious requirements and their literary and industrial training, they would be model communities even for white people; peace and quiet, if the conditions I suggest were observed, would prevail. They would not only be oases in the political and social desert which now perplexes the Negro, but would be practical training ground for the exodus of the future; and if the blacks ever left those seats it would not be with the consent of the white people, and the sites would be invested with fragrant recollections after their departure. The words of the scripture (1 Chron. iv: 40) would be applicable: "They found fat pasture and good, and the land was wide and quiet and peaceable, for they of Ham had dwelt there of old." Judging from what I saw during my last visit to the South, the mass of the Negroes, even now while living in the midst of whites, maintain a social imperium in imperio. They are not at all effected by the social disparagement or ostracism. With their advancing members it affects them as much as it would affect a German burgess that he would not be permitted to marry the daughter of a noble. And as their wealth is growing, their education advancing, and their rights of worship undisturbed, their elimination from politics or their political insignificance will be rather a help than a source of repining or annoyance. This I see, that young Negroes under the influence of the deeper culture the race is receiving are beginning to understand and to place the the proper estimate upon the social and political recognition of the whites. President W. H. Council reiterates in the Christian Recorder (August 24, 1899) the views which he so ably propounded in the July number 324 CHURCH REVIEW. of the Forum. I must quote here from the Recorder, as these views cannot be sufficiently diffused, and may further on make an extract from the Forum article. The Professor says: "I would be glad if discrimination against the Negro were greater than it is, especially in business. There could be no greater blessing for the Negro than for the white man to refuse to serve him in almost every business, for the next one hundred years. * * * * Race prejudice is often a blessing. It makes in the South, grand opportunities for the Negro in business It is the voice of God, telling the Negro to patronize himself furnish employment for his own youth, and grow rich. It is the whip of God in the hands of the Anglo-Saxon to force the Negro to accomplish that which lack of proper race pride fails to do. Let the Negro quit whining and begging for admission into white hotels, restaurants, places of pleasure and instruction, and climb up by his own efforts, as the white man has done. The Negro should not discriminate against himself, nor against others, nor engage in boycotts or other illegal and unchristian acts to the hurt of others; but where these are aimed at him, let him regard them as the "evil wind" which brings him good. Let him by evolution, attract others to him as he can do if he will be true to his own nature in his own sphere." The feeling of independence and self-reliance on the part of the Negro born and educated in America shows that successful Negro colonies are possible even in America. In his own country the African is notably free from the vice of foreign invaders. Drunkenness has no attraction for him. He preserves himself with jealous care from the effects of European profligacy which has been so fearfully fatal to the South Sea Islanders. The race has in itself, as is everywhere known, strong elements of endurance and continuance, and a power of co existence with civilization which the Indian had not. Negro colonies in the South, then, if not hampered by extraneous interference, will live and prosper and contribute their quota to the general well being. I see sometimes in Northern newspapers strong advocacy for the co-education of the races in the South. But why co-educate them if you are unwilling or unable to co-employ them? THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES. 325 About three years ago, the Sheats of law in Florida was met by a storm of opposition north of Mason and Dixon's line. The New York Independent describes it as "a direct blow at the elevation of the Negro, and a symptom of reviving Negrophobia throughout the South." Every Negro must respect the Independent for its persistent defence, under all circumstances, of his race; but in this instance it was mistaken in its chivalrous attitude. On this side of the Atlantic, the Sheats law was regarded as in entire accordance with the instinct of humanity to protect both races - "the spirit of the years to come yearning to mix itself with life." But I am sorry to see that this able journal, which was so vigorous in its denunciation of the Sheats law and which at that time wrote Negro with a capital "N" has now reverted to the old practice of ante-bellum days and thinks it becoming to write the word with a small "n." Is there not something of Negrophobia (perhaps unconscious) in the new spelling? I do not know, but from all I can learn of the state of things in the United States, both North and South, I do not think that these papers which advocate mixed schools for the South, have, or dare to have colored help in the higher departments of their work. Even in Boston, we are told that the races are kept separate, then why insist upon their union in the South? Why attempt to lay grievous burdens on other men's shoulders? Why inculcate a theory for others which for you is impossible in practice? That intellectual culture of the highest order to which they can attain is not as good and as desirable for the gifted members of the African race as it is for such members of any other race, none but the narrow- minded or ignorant will care to assert. But the mistake is apt to be made -- is now being made - as to the direction in which the improvement is to go. Education is a complex matter. It is the part of the educator not only to educe the powers, but to direct them to ends; and to a certain extent, not only to develop, but to mould the character. And if we attempt to mould 3 326 CHURCH REVIEW. character, and to educate the various powers, we must be guided by some notion of the conditions in which the former is to be placed, and the objects to which the latter are to be directed. And here arises a strong divergence of opinion. But I am with those who contend for education on industrial and religious, as well as literary lines for the Negro. The white child for his future work needs something besides. He is to be politician and statesman, soldier and navigator. Effective co-education, under these circumstances, would be impossible for one or the other, or both races. On this subject the following words of Dr. Curry, in his Capon Springs address, already quoted, are most important and should be carefully remembered. As a cultivated white man he sees - not only from the stand- point of race prejudice, which is natural, but from the standpoint of genuine culture, which is acquired - what the Negro cultivated up to his standard will also see, and is now seeing, if we judge from the attitude of President Council and others, who, like him, have had access to a broad culture. Dr. Curry says: "I shall not stultify myself by any fresh arguments in favor of Negro "education; but I must be pardoned for emphasizing the fact "that there is greater need for the education of the other race. The "white people are to be the leaders, to take the initiative, to have "the directive control in all matters pertaining to civilization and the "highest interests of our beloved land. History demonstrates that the "Caucasian will rule. He ought to rule. He made our constitution; "he achieved our independence; he is identified with all true progress, "all high civilization, and if true to his mission, while developing "his own capabilities he will lead, out and on, other races as "far and as fast as their good and their possibilities will justify. The "white supremacy does not mean hostility to the Negro, but friendship "for him." This is what Governor Gist, of South Carolina, meant in what was at the time regarded as the most offensive utterance, in his message to the Legislature, just before the Civil War. He said: "There must be a distinction between the races as marked as the "different colors; and it must be distinctly and universally understood THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES. 327 "that the white is the governing race, without an exception, and "without regard to disparity of intellect, merit or acquirement." Under the circumstances of those days, this was a logical, inevitable and statesmanlike utterance, applying, I fear, even to the conditions of to-day. The Nashville American (July 12, 1899) reproduces, after a lapse of forty years, the identical sentiments of Governor Gist, in these days when the Negro is armed with the franchise, and is, theoretically, as well as legally, the equal of the white man. That journal says: "The trouble in the North was that the Negro had been taught that they were as good as the white people, and that down South we did not have this trouble as 'a Negro down here is a Negro'; he is not as good as a white man and does not pretend to be. * * * * * * * But if we would come nearer a solution of the Negro problem, let it be thoroughly understood by the Negroes, and let their teachers so direct them, that the Negro can never a sociate with the white man on terms of equality; that the color line is a cleavage line, distinct and impassable, never to be crossed, and let it be the ambition of every worthy Negro not to pass this line and go apart from his own race, but to build his character strong and sure. The quicker the Negro understands his status the better for him, and the better for us all." This I take to be the sentiments of ninety-nine hundredths of the white people of the United States. Of course, such a position from an abstract or common sense point of view - from the point of view of the "Man of Galilee" - seems to be irrational or unjust; but the world is not ruled from either of those points of view. It has long since been noticed quam parva sapientia regitur mundus. Might is Right. So St. Paul tells us. The powers that be are ordained of God, and we must be subject to them. Rom. xiii: 1. One of the most encouraging features of the situation is the growing self-respect of the Negro as he rises in culture. As showing the direction in which the thinking white man expects Negro leaders to point their people, and in which he is willing to assist him, attention should be called to the passage in President Coun- 328 CHURCH REVIEW. cil's Forum article, which most impressed the editor of the American Review of Reviews, and which he honored with a place in his brief summary of topics discussed in the various magazines. It is where the Professor advises the Negro to "go right on educating himself in all the essential principles "of the highest christian civilization that he can "get hold of making of himself a polite, law-abiding, "peaceful, industrious, dignified man, full of honor "and integrity, in his own sphere, and he will have "fulfilled what seems the highest law of being; and "in God's eyes no race can climb higher." In former days Negro leaders strenuously objected to the phrase in his own sphere or in his own place, as applied to the Negro, not understanding it and thinking it meant absolute and perpetual inferiority. Such utterances as President Council's, and such a philosophical and striking presentation of the subject as appears in the REVIEW (October, 1898) on "A Race Without an Ideal," by Nathan B. Young, would have been impossible twenty years ago. But the liberal culture which the Negro is now receiving raises a man above the mists and the confusing clamors of the dead flats, "To those turrets, where the eye Sees the world as one vast plain, And one boundless reach of sky." From that cloudless elevation he learns that "Nothing useless is, or low; Each thing in its place is best." The Negro is now getting, not exacting a grasp of a new truth with regard to his race, - for our fathers in the darkest days always had the truth - but, under liberal culture, he is getting a new grasp of an old truth, and the fresh impulses of this new apprehension must lead to a practical regeneration in his life. There is a Divine right to be governed as well as to govern. The properly educated Negro will understand this. True culture will develop in him his most characteristic national gifts, unfold his national destiny, and give him THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES 329 a proper conception of the limitations of those gifts by the law of race. I cannot consider the notion as otherwise than false in conception and mischievous in its working among the blacks of the South that if they do not enter all the higher avocations open to white men, it is by some great injustice which demands instant remedy; and that the object of their highest ambition should be a successful rivalry in the social and political career of the ruling race. I cannot too strongly insist upon the fact emphasized by a protracted and deplorable experience that the black man has more to lose than to gain by entering in his own right into the political arena. In that perilous enterprise, it is wisdom on his part to follow his superiors. In a collision of interests, under the circumstances, it is not difficult to predict the fate of the weaker element. The Negro must be dashed to pieces by his helpless inability of intelligence, his hasty impulsiveness, his rash actions, his discords and his instability. Therefore, on the grounds of humanity and of sound morals, as well as on political and economical grounds, I rejoice at the prospect of the healthful change coming over the whole face - not the mere surface - of Southern society in its relations to the Negro, and this as a result of a thorough education for their peculiar work of both races. Set free from the drawbacks of a factitious position the African in America will have leisure and opportunity to think of the Fatherland. Despising the allurements of an ignis fatuus and disregarding the advice of interested and injudicious leaders, who altogether misinterpret his feelings, he will be content to reap the reward of his peaceful industry and enjoy the blessings which a bountiful Providence has placed within his reach, regarding his gifts not as bestowing power but as conferring responsibility in connection both with the land of his nativity and the land of his fathers. The Fatherland is awaiting his intelligence and energy. Liberia is the nucleus for the spread of civilization 330 CHURCH REVIEW. and Christianity, which the American of African descent is called upon to strengthen; and the great mother country is invoked to use its influence that the integrity and independence of this youthful Americo-African Republic shall not be compromised through alien intrigues or the want of experience, sagacity or patriotism in its own citizens. I have been a little surprised by the following remark made by Principal Booker T. Washington in a letter dated London, July 20, 1899:- "I am free to say that I see no way out of our present condition in the South by returning to Africa." This utterance seemed so foreign from what I believe to be the temperament and sentiment of Mr. Washington- his scrupulous moderation on all subjects of controversy among the blacks in America (and the question of emigration is a burning one), that I at first thought that there must have been a change of animus with a change of coelum. But on further consideration, I believe the explanation to be this: Mr. Washington is a man of intense concentration. If he were not, he could not have accomplished what he has done. Diversity of schemes and division of energies would have dissipated his strength and spoiled the work which seems to be peculiarly his. What his hands have found to do he has done with all his might. He has cast his bucket where he stood. It would not do for him to be diverted in any way from his important enterprise by any schemes of emigration. The time for a general movement is not yet; and, as Emerson says, "God hides from us the premature." Mr. Washington does "not see" because vision in that direction would be obstructive to him. But he is, nevertheless, building for Africa. The men and women to come up under his and similar training in America will "see" what the great educator, owing to the present exigencies, cannot "see." He is building wiser than he knows. Principal Washington is right and Dr. Heard in his criticism (Recorder, August 31) is right. God often works on different and apparently incompatible THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES. 331 incompatible lines; but all converge in the end. Mr. Washington's work is stronger in favor of emigration than any language he can employ against it. Moreover, he is known to to be indifferent to the building up of Africa's waste places. I saw his name sometime ago in the list of members of the Phil-African League organized be Heli Chatelain, so well known for his efforts in behalf of Africa's amelioration. No fears need be entertained that when the time comes to the American Negro will be at any loss for a congenial home in Africa, and a home for the building up of which he is indispensable. In spite of the flourish of trumpets about "spheres of influence," &c., Europe has not such a foothold in equatorial Africa as is generally supposed. The most intelligent of the natives are everywhere calling upon their brethren in the West to come over and take possession. An experience of twenty years of European colonies in West Africa does not prove to me that European method, without the repatriation of the blacks from the Western Hemisphere, can do very much for the civilization and regeneration of the continent. There are a thousand obstacles, physical and moral, which are absolutely unsurmountable to the white man. The Negro is the man of God's right hand here. EDWARD W. BLYDEN. 332 CHURCH REVIEW. III. SPREAD-EAGLEISM. The Bubonic plague in its westward course has not yet reached the United States, and the prayer of every humane person rises in heartfelt supplication to the throne of Divine Grace, that God may be pleased to spare the inhabitants of that great Republic the physical horrors of that dreadful and deadly pest. Nevertheless, for more than a year past the virulent epidemic of spread-eagleism, with all its potential immoralities, has been preying upon the vitals of the northern Republic of the "Star Spangled Banner." Those in high places of trust, responsibility and influence, in political, ecclesiastical and financial circles, have been the first to be effected by that immoral plague; and they are doing all that is within their power to inoculate the whole population with the deadly virus of their disease; so that it may be spread indefinitely and defy the restriction of all sanitary boundaries. To favor the deadly propagation of this immoral epidemic a veiled hypocrisy is made use of, by substituting in a false and deceptive sense the word "Expansion" to replace that of "Imperialism" which is the true title of this epidemic of spread-eagleism. To this end eminent juries are ready to twist the letter and spirit of the constitution by a forced and non-natural interpretation, so as to circumscribe its sacred guarantees, in order to effectually exclude conquered peoples from the benefit of the same. Those high placed, anti-patriotic, patricidal and liberty SPREAD-EAGLEISM. 333 liberty-killing propagandists of the spread-eagle pest, abusing their trust, responsibility and influence, are recklessly trampling under foot the immortal principles proclaimed in the Declaration of American Independence, which has become the God-inspired political charter of every oppressed people, struggling to regain their rightful autonomy; and, audacious villains that they are, they have the cheeky impertinence to characterize as unpatriotic the only true patriotic citizens, who stand firmly by the immortal principles of the Declaration of Independence and the sacred guarantees of the Constitution, and therefore stoutly refuse to give in their adhesion to the career of national brigandage into which those pseudo, self- styled patriots are pushing the American Union or dragging it headlong therein, by their brief hold on power, which flagrant abuse deserves a gallows as high as Haman's of old. In the confusion caused by the bandying about of the terms "Expansion" and "Imperialism," it is well that the cool-headed Christian should have a clear understanding of the exact purport of each one of them in their bearing upon the establishment of the kingdom of God on earth among men of good-will; for which our Lord and Saviour has taught us to pray; which forms the glorious hope of the truly sincere Christian; and which is the ultimate end and purpose of the all sufficient redemption effected for the whole human race by the bloody sacrifice of our Lord Jesus Christ, consummated on Golgotha's summit, as the Lamb of God, who taketh away the sin of the world! As this matter thus concerns the kingdom of God, it is therefore necessary to search out the definition of those words by referring to the Holy Bible, which is the published and duly authorized encyclopedia of that Kingdom, in all things relating to the will of God made known therein for the government of the conduct of mankind, as obedient subjects of the same, bought with the price of Christ's most precious blood. In its sacred pages we find that the legitimate expan- 334 CHURCH REVIEW. sion of the human race, according to the will of God, after the flood, first took place by the dispersion of the human race from the plains of Shinar. The law of their dispersion or expansion is thus set forth by an inspired apostle: God "hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation." Acts xvii: 26. This law clearly defines that certain defined territorial limits are the God-given right of each of the distinctive branches into which the human race is divided. Saint Paul goes on further to show that such autonomous territorial rights of each distinct people are for the express purpose of promoting the knowledge and worth of the true God, according to the spiritual gifts which He has severally bestowed upon each of them. For the apostle adds to the words already quoted, the following: "That they should seek the Lord, if happily they might feel after him, though he be not far from every one of us; for in him we live, and move, and have our being." Acts xvii: 27, 28. No imperial papalism, therefore, is necessary to teach the nations a knowledge of the one true God. This is the end and object of the expansion of the human race on the earth's surface, under its spiritual and ecclesiastical aspect. Moses, however, states the same law of expansion under its social and political aspect, where he declares: "When the Most High divided to the nations their inheritance; when he separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the people according to the number of the children of Israel." Deut. xxxii: 8. The evident meaning of this latter clause in Moses' declaration is that the polity which God prescribed for Israel, and which Moses had then promulgated, was given as the model which all other nations should thereafter follow. That polity was a confederated commonwealth of twelve distinct tribes having the same paternal origin, each tribe possessing its own tribal territory in the common SPREAD-EAGLEISM. 335 national domain, and each family in every tribe being also guaranteed an inalienable family homestead; while the whole twelve tribes were bound together in national unity by the ministry of the Priests and Levites, forming the thirteenth tribe, having their inheritance among all the other tribes of Israel. The American Up at its formation being composed of thirteen coloni con nationality, the nearest imitation of the model given to Israel that has been formed among any Gentile people, the confederation of the Swiss Cantons being also somewhat similar. Now, this expansion of the human race, by its dipersion from the plains of Shinar, to occupy strictly defined territorial limits, for the autonomous exercise of social, political and religious prerogatives, as a divinely ordered movement of mankind, only contemplated territory that was unoccupied, to be taken in possession by this human migration. The exodus of the Children of Israel from Egypt, to enter into the possession of the land of Canaan, was no exception to the law. The Canaanites, like the Antediluvians and the Sodomites, had forfeited before God their right to live on the face of the earth, because of the enormity of their crimes. And, as the former were swept out of terrestrial existence by water and the second by fire, so the third were to be put out of earthly existence by the sword, to expiate in the under world their heaven-defying enormities, like the disobedient antediluvians in prison, to whose spirits the Lord preached after his crucifixion (1 Peter iii; 19). Therefore the land of Canaan was declared and treated as vacant territory by this dire judgment of the Lord on its wicked inhabitants, and the Israelites were commended to go and execute against them the Divine writ of ejection and extermination, and to occupy the territory thus to be rendered vacant. But since the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, as the Saviour of the world, no such writ of ejection 336 CHURCH REVIEW. against any people is to be conferred on another. Only He alone, as final judge of quick and dead, when He shall come again in His glorious majesty, will exercise this exterminating power against the apostate nations of Christendom, become worse than the Jews, (who committed the sin against the Son of Man) by doing what the Jews could not do, viz.: committing the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost! For, the apostate but so-called Christian and civilized nations are fast rushing to their final ruin by sinning against light and knowledge; holding the Bible in one hand and the sword in the other; trampling down and destroying their poorer and weaker fellow-creatures, wherever they are throughout the whole earth. All true and loyal disciples of Christ, the lowly Nazarene, wheresoever they may be, holding fast to their allegiance to the coming kingdom of God, as the first and foremost duty, are now praying in spirit with the twenty-four elders before the throne of God, that He may at once arm the Lord Jesus with the panoply of power and majesty, that he may speedily destroy the armed brigands who are now destroying the feebler races from the race of the whole earth. Rev. xi: 18. But, returning from this digression, let us now proceed to examine in the same Biblical Encyclopedia of the Kingdom of God, the purport of the term "Imperialism." The same land of Shinar, which furnished us with an illustration of the Divine law of expansion, in the first dispersion of mankind, also furnishes us with the first illustration of human arrogance in establishing political imperialism. Nimrod, who continued to occupy the plains of Shinar, after the emigration from thence of other branches of the human race, subsequently went forth from there, and established his domination over the land and people of Ashur, and thereby laid the foundation of the Babylonian empire, and of those which succeeded in swaying the imperial sceptre, as great "world powers," from the time of Nebuchadnezzar. SPREAD-EAGLISM. 337 A vision was vouchsafed to this monarch by which his own empire and that of the succeeding empires were shown to him. As an ambitious politician loving the riches and grandeurs of this evil world, the four great world empires appeared to him as a great image, composed of polished gold, silver, brass and iron, the most precious and useful metals combined together. Nevertheless, the vanity of the whole thing was also shown to him in the brittle clay that mingled with the iron toes; and the final ruin of human imperialistic domination was further shown to him, by the stone detached from God's kingdom, which struck and ground the whole image to powder. But Daniel, the man of God, was permitted to see in vision those human imperialisms from a Divine point of view; wherein we find God's estimate of those foolish creations of vaulting human ambition. In Daniel's visions those four empires are represented as wild beasts, deformed in their make-up, by extra and unnatural limbs, representing the territory belonging to different people of the human race that has been unjustly seized and annexed to those overgrown empires. During the period that those four empires successively exercised their sway over the feebler nations of the earth, there was only one great imperial head at a time on earth, except in the case of the third beast, or Grecian empire, which had for a short space four heads, but which soon gave way for the terrible one-headed beast of the Roman empire. But the Apocalypse shows that in the last days of the Gospel dispensation there will be a seven-headed beast in Christendom. Rev. xiii. This I take to be the symbol of the seven grand powers of Europe - England, France, Austria, Russia, Germany, Italy and Turkey. This latter power is that head of the seven-headed beast which has been wounded to death, and is partially revived again, just before the beast is sent into perdition. The United States by the antics which she had begun to show off, as a would-be world power, before, and in 338 CHURCH REVIEW. imitation of, the seven-headed European beast, seems thereby to be showing herself as the second Apocalyptic beast having the two horns of a lamb but the voice of a dragon. To conclude, let us now briefly sum up the result of our examination of the import of the two words, "Expansion" and "Imperialism" in the Biblical Encyclopedia of the kingdom of God. "Expansion" means the occupation of vacant territory by an emigrant branch of the human race, where they make their homes, and set up a political autonomy suited to their immediate wants and capable of being developed to meet their future aspirations. Gospel missions would be the powerful means of promoting this development among backward races, if the Christian missionary to those benighted lands, carrying the Bible, were not preceded, accompanied or succeeded by the traficking emissary, carrying the rum jug; and if the military brigand did not follow on the heels of this latter, carrying the shotgun. By these means those proselytes from heathenism are made twofold more the children of hell than they were before. They are hurried into the underworld, where the whole of the Maoris have already disappeared. This proselyting by such Babylonish means, so far from being to those heathens the glad tidings of salvation, as the gospel was intended to be for all people, is, on the contrary, the evil tidings of damnation to those murdered tribes whose blood cries unto God from the ground, demanding vengeance on the nations of so-called Christendom! Imperialism is the law of hell for the arbitrary annexation of other people's territory by a more powerful race of men, and the subjugation of the conquered people to the dictation of their conquerors; whereby, if God were not the stronger, the earthy would eventually become a pandemonium, occupied by the devil and his angels! Thank God, He is the stronger, and that He wills this earth, redeemed as it is by the precious blood of His SPREAD-EAGLISM. 339 dear Son, shall be the final abode of the tabernacle of God, not in Heaven alone among the angels, but also on earth among men. Rev. xxi: 3. To accomplish this glorious end all the iniquitous imperialisms of earth shall be turned into hell together with all the nations that forget God. Ps. ix: 17. JAMES THEODORE HOLLY. 340 CHURCH REVIEW. IV. THE DUTY OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN TO THE RACE. The National Association of Colored Women had at its second convention every reason to rejoice and be exceeding glad. From its birth in July, 1896, till the present moment its growth has been steady and its march ever onward and upward to the goal of its ambition. An infant of but three years is this organization, over which I have had the honor to preside, ever since it first saw the light of day in the Capital of the Nation, and yet in those short years it has accomplished a vast amount of good. So tenderly has this child of the organized womanhood of the race been nurtured, and so wisely ministered unto by all who have watched prayerfully and waited patiently for its development, that it comes before you to-day a child hale, hearty and strong, of which its fond mothers have every reason to be proud. As individuals, colored women have always been ambitious for their race. From the day when shackles first fell from their fettered limbs till now, they have often, single-handed and alone, struggled against the most desperate and discouraging odds, in order to secure for their loved ones and themselves that culture of the head and heart for which they hungered and thirsted so long in vain. But it dawned upon them finally, that individuals working alone, or scattered here and there in small companies, might be ever so honest in purpose, so indefatigable in labor, so conscientious about methods, and so wise in projecting plans, yet they would accomplish little THE DUTY OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION. 341 little, compared with the possible achievement of many individuals, all banded together throughout the entire land, with heads and hearts fixed on the same high purpose and hands joined in united strength. As a result of a general realization of this fact, the National Association of Colored women was born. Though we are young in years, and have been unable to put into execution some plans on which we had built high hopes, the fruits of organized effort are already apparent to all. If in the short space of three years the National Association had done nothing but give an impressive object lesson in the necessity for, and the efficacy of, organization, it would have proved its reason for existence and its right to live; but, seriously handicapped though we have been, both because of the lack of experience and lack of funds, our efforts have for the most part been crowned with success. In the kindergarten established by some of our organizations, children have been cultivated and trained. A sanatarium with a training school for nurses has been set on such a firm foundation in a Southern city, and has given such abundant proof of its utility and necessity, that the municipal government has voted it an annual appropriation of several hundred dollars. To our poor benighted sisters in the black belt of Alabama we have gone, and have been both a help and a comfort to these women, through the darkness of whose ignorance of everything that makes life sweet or worth the living, no ray of light would have penetrated but for us. We have taught them the A, B, C, of living, by showing them how to make their huts more habitable and decent with the small means at their command, and how to care for themselves and their families more in accordance with the laws of health. Plans for aiding the indigent, orphaned and aged have been projected and in some instances have been carried to a successful execution. Mother's meetings have been generally held and sewing classes formed. Abuses like lynching, the convict lease system and the Jim Crow car laws have been 4 342 CHURCH REVIEW. discussed with a view of doing something to remedy these evils. In Chicago, magnificent work has been done by the Illinois Federation of Colored Women's Clubs through whose instrumentality schools have been visited, truant children looked after, parents and teachers urged to co-operate with each other, public institutions investigated, rescue and reform work engaged in to reclaim unfortunate women and tempted girls, garments cut, made and distributed to the needy poor. In short, what our hands have found to do, that we have cheerfully done. It is not, therefore, because I feel that the National Association of Colored Wamen has been derelict, or has failed, that I shall discuss its duty to our race, but because I wish to emphasize some special lines of work in which it is already engaging, but to which I would pledge its more hearty support. The more closely I study the relation of this Association to the race, the more clearly defined becomes its duty to the children. Believing in the saving grace of the kindergarten for our little ones, at our first convention, as some may remember, I urged with all the earnestness that I could command, that the Association should consider the establishment of kindergartens as the special mission it is called upon to fulfill. The importance of engaging extensively in this effort to uplift the children, particularly those to whom the opportunity of learning by contact what is true and good and beautiful could come through no other source, grows on me more and more every day. Through the kindergarten alone, which teaches its lessons in the most impressionable years of childhood, shall we be able to save countless thousands of our little ones who are going to destruction before our very eyes. To some the task of establishing kindergartens may seem too herculean for the Association to undertake, because of the great expense involved. Be that as it may, we shall never accomplish the good it is in our power to do, nor shall we discharge our obligation THE DUTY OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION. 343 obligation to the race, until we engage in this work in those sections at least where it is most needed. In many cities and towns the kindergarten has already been incorporated in the public school system. Here it may not be necessary for the Association to work. But wherever the conditions are such that our children are deprived of the training which they can receive from the kindergarten alone, deprived of that training which from the very nature of the case, they so sorely need, there the Association should establish these schools, from which so much benefit to our little ones will accrue. Side by side in importance with the kindergarten stands the day nursery, a charity of which there is an imperative need among us. Thousands of our wage- earning mothers with large families dependent upon them for support are obliged to leave their infants all day to be cared for either by young brothers and sisters, who know nothing about it, or by some good-natured neighbor, who promises much, but who does little. Some of these infants are locked alone in a room from the time the mother leaves in the morning until she returns at night. Their suffering is, of course, unspeakable. Not long ago, I read in a southern newspaper that an infant thus locked alone in a room all day, while its mother went out to wash, had cried itself to death. Recently I have had under direct observation a day nursery, established for infants of working women, and I have been shocked at some of the miserable little specimens of humanity brought in by mothers, who had been obliged to board them out with either careless or heartless people. In one instance the hands and legs of a poor little mite of only fourteen months had been terribly drawn and twisted with rheumatism contracted by sleeping in a cold room with no fire during the severe winter, while the family with whom it boarded enjoyed comfortable quarters overhead. And so I might go on enumerating cases, showing how terrible is the suffering of infants of working women, who have 344 CHURCH REVIEW. no one with whom to leave them, while they earn their daily bread. Establishing day nurseries is clearly a practical charity, of the need of which there is abundant proof in every community where our women may be found. What a vast amount of good would be accomplished, if by every branch of the Association, a home were provided for the infants of working women, who no matter how tender may be their affection for their little ones, are forced by stern necessity to neglect them all day themselves, and at best, can only entrust them to others, from whom, in the majority of cases, they do not receive the proper care. It would not only save the life, and preserve the health of many a poor little one, but it would speak eloquently of our interest in our sisters, whose lot is harder than our own, but to whom we should give unmistakable proof of our regard, our sympathy, and our willingness to render any assistance in our power. When one thinks of the slaughter of the innocents which is occurring with pitiless persistency every day, and reflects upon how many are maimed for life through neglect, how many there are whose intellects are clouded because of the treatment received during their helpless infancy, establishing day nurseries can seem neither unnecessary nor far-fetched; but must appeal directly to us all. No great amount is required to establish a day nursery, and part of the money necessary for its maintenance might be secured by charging each of the mothers who take advantage of it a small sum. In no other way could the investment of the same amount of money bring such large and blessed returns. To each and every branch of the Association, then, I recommend the establishment of a day nursery, as a means through which it can render one of the greatest services possible to humanity and the race. For the sake of argument, let us suppose that absolute lack of means prevents an organization from establishing either a kindergarten or a day nursery. Even THE DUTY OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION. 345 under such circumstances a part of its obligation to the children may be discharged. For no organization is so poor both in mental resources and in money that it cannot form a children's club, through which we can do a vast amount of good. Lessons may be taught and rules of conduct impressed, while the children of a neighborhood are gathered together for amusement and play, as in no other way. Both by telling and reading stories, teaching kindness to animals, politeness to elders, pity for the unfortunate and weak, seeds may be sown in youthful minds, which in after years will spring up and bear fruit, some an hundred fold. What a revelation we should work, for instance, by the time the next generation stands at the helm, if the children of to-day were taught that they are responsible for their thoughts that they can learn to control them, that an impure life is the result of impure thoughts, that crime is conceived in thought before it is executed in deed. No organization of the Association should feel entirely satisfied with its work, unless some of its energy, or some of its brain, or some of its money is used in the name, and for the sake of the children, either by establishing a day nursery, a kindergarten, or forming a children's club, which last is possible to all. Let us remember that we are banded together to do good, to work most vigorously and conscientiously upon that which will redound most to the welfare and progress of the race. If that be true, I recommend to you, I plead to you, for the children, for those who will soon represent us, for those by whom as a race we shall soon stand or fall in the estimation of the world, for those upon whom the hope of every people must necessarily be built. As an Association, let us devote ourselves enthusiastically, conscientiously, to the children, with their warm little hearts, their susceptible little minds, their malleable, pliable characters. Through the children of to-day, we must build the foundation of the next generation upon such a rock of integrity, morality, and strength, both of body and mind, that the floods of pro- 346 CHURCH REVIEW. scription, prejudice, and persecution may descend upon it in torrents, and yet it will not be moved. We hear a great deal about the race problem, and how to solve it. This theory, that and the other, may be advanced, but the real solution of the race problem, both so far as we, who are oppressed and those who oppress us are concerned, lies in the children. Let no one suppose that I would have a large organization like ours a body of one idea, with no thought, plan or purpose except that which centers about the children. I am an optimist, because I see how we are broadening and deepening out into the various channels of generosity and beneficence, which indicates what a high state of civilization we have already reached. Homes for the orphaned and aged must be established; sanatoriums, hospitals, and training schools for nurses founded; unfortunate women and tempted girls encircled back to the path of rectitude and virtue; classes formed for cultivating the mind; schools of domestic science opened in every city and village in which our women and girls may be found. All this is our duty, all this is an obligation, which we should discharge as soon as our means will permit. But in connection with such work let us not neglect, let us not forget, the children, remembering that when we love and protect the little ones, we follow in the footsteps of Him, who when He wished to paint the most beautiful picture of Beulah land it is possible for the human mind to conceive, pointed to the children and said - "Of such is the kingdom of heaven." It is frequently charged against the more favored among us who have been blessed with advantages of education and moral training superior to those enjoyed by the majority, that they hold themselves too much aloof from the less fortunate of their people. Without discussing the reasons for such a condition of things, it must be patent to the most careless observer that the more intelligent and influential among us do not exert THE DUTY OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION. 347 themselves as much as they should to uplift those beneath them, as it is plainly their duty to do. It has been suggested, and very appropriately, I think, that this Association should take as its motto - Lifting as we climb. In no way could we live up to such a sentiment better than by coming into closer touch with the masses of our women, by whom, whether we will or not, the world will always judge the womanhood of the race. Even though we wish to shun them, and hold ourselves entirely aloof from them, we cannot escape the consequences of their acts. So, that, if the call of duty were disregarded altogether, policy and self-preservation would demand that we go down among the lowly, the illiterate, and even the vicious to whom we are bound by the ties of race and sex, and put forth every possible effort to uplift and reclaim them. It is useless to talk about elevating the race if we do not come into closer touch with the masses of our women, through whom we may correct many of the evils which militate so seriously against us, and inaugurate the reforms without which, as a race, we cannot hope to succeed. It is often difficult, I know, to persuade people who need help most to avail themselves of the assistance offered by those who wish to lift them to a higher plane. If it were possible for us to send out a national organizer, whose duty it would be to form clubs throughout the length and breadth of the land, it would be no easy matter, I am sure, to persuade some of our women to join them, even though they knew that by so doing they would receive just that kind of instruction and counsel which they so greatly need. This fault is not peculiar to our women alone but is common to the whole human race. Difficult though it be for us to uplift some of our women, many of whose practices in their own homes and in the service of their employers rise like a great barrier to our progress, we should nevertheless work unceasingly to this end until we win their confidence so that they will accept our aid. Through such clubs as I have just mentioned; the at- 348 CHURCH REVIEW. tention of our women might be called to the alarming rapidity with which they are losing ground in the world of labor - a fact patent to all who observe and read the signs of the times. So many families are supported entirely by our women, that if this movement to withold employment from them continues to grow, we shall soon be confronted by a condition of things serious and disastrous indeed. It is clearly the duty of this, the only organized body of colored women in this country, to study the labor question, not only as it affects the women, but also as it affects the men. When those who formerly employed colored women as domestics, but who refuse to do so now, are asked why they have established what is equivalent to a boycott against us, they invariably tell us that colored women are now neither skilled in the trades nor reliable as working women. While we know that in the majority of cases colored women are not employed because of the cruel, unreasonable prejudice which rages so violently against them, there is just enough truth in the charge of poor workmanship and unreliability to make us wince when it is preferred. To stem this tide of popular disfavor against us should be the desire and determination of every colored woman in the country who has the interest of her race at heart. It is we, the National Association, who must point out to our women how fatal it will be to their highest, best interests, and to the highest, best interests of their children, if they do not build up a reputation for reliability and proficiency, by establishing schools of domestic science as soon as our means will permit; and it is the duty of this Association to raise funds to start a few of these schools immediately - we should probably do more to solve the labor question, so far as it affects the women than by using any other means we could possibly employ. Let us explain the situation as we may, the fact remains that trades and avocations, which formerly by common consent belonged almost exclusively to our men and women are gradually slipping from their grasp. THE DUTY OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION. 349 Whom does such a condition of things affect more directly and disastrously than the women of the race? As parents, teachers and guardians, we teach our children to be honest and industrious, to cultivate their minds, to become skilled workmen, to be energetic and then to be hopeful. It is easy enough to impress upon them the necessity of cultivating their minds, and of becoming skilled workmen, of being energetic, honest and industrious, but how difficult it is for colored women to inspire their children with hope, or offer them an incentive for their best endeavor under the existing condition of things in this country. As a mother of the dominant race looks into the sweet innocent face of her babe, her heart thrills not only with happiness in the present, but also with joyful anticipations of the future. For well she knows that honor, wealth, fame and greatness in any vocation he may choose, are all his, if he but possess the ability and determination to secure them. She knows that if it is in him to be great, all the exterior circumstances, which can help him to the goal of his ambition, such as the laws of his country, the public opinion of his countrymen and manifold opportunities, are all his, without the asking. From his birth he is king in his own right, and is no supplicant for justice. But how bitter is the contrast between the feelings of joy and hope which thrill the heart of the white mother and those which stir the soul of her colored sister. As a mother of the weaker race clasps to her bosom the babe which she loves with an affection as tender and deep as that the white mother bears her child, she cannot thrill with joyful anticipation of the future. For before her babe she sees the thorny path of prejudice and proscription his little feet must tread. She knows that not matter how great his ability, or how lofty his ambition, there are comparatively few trades and avocations in which any one of his race may hope to succeed. She knows that no matter how skilled his hand, how honest his heart, or how great his need, trades 350 CHURCH REVIEW. unions will close their doors in his face and make his struggle for existence desperate indeed. So rough does the way for her infant appear to many a poor colored mother, as she thinks of the hardships and humiliations to which he will be subjected, when he tries to earn his daily bread, that instead of thrilling with joy and hope, she trembles with apprehension and despair. This picture, though forbidding to look upon, is not overdrawn, as those who have studied the labor question in its relation to our race can testify. What, then, shall we do? Shall we sit supinely by, with folded hands, drooping heads, and weeping eyes, or shall we be up and doing, determined to smooth out the rough roads of labor over which tiny feet that now patter in play, will soon stumble and fall? To our own youth, to our own tradesmen, we must preach efficiency, reliability, thorough preparation for any work in which they choose to engage. Let us also appeal directly to the large- hearted, broad-minded women of the dominant race, and lay our case clearly before them. In conversing with many of them privately I have discovered that our side of the labor question has never been made a living, breathing, terrible reality to them. In a vague way they know that difficulties do confront colored men and women in their effort to secure employment, but they do not know how almost insurmountable are the obstacles which lie in the path of the rank and file who want to earn an honest living. Let us ask these women both to follow, themselves, and teach their children, the lofty principles of humanity, charity and justice which they profess to observe. Let us ask that they train their children to be just and broad enough to judge men and women by their intrinsic merit, rather than by the adventitious circumstances of race or color or creed. Let the Association of colored women ask the white mothers of this country to teach their children that when they grow to be men and women, if they deliberately prevent their fellow creatures from earning their daily bread, by closing the doors of trade against them the Father of THE DUTY OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION. 351 all men will hold them responsible for the crimes which are the result of their injustice, and for the human wrecks which the ruthless crushing of hope and ambition always makes. In the name of our children, let us ask, also, that they do all in their power to secure for our youth opportunities of earning a living and of attaining unto the full stature of manhood and womanhood, which they desire for their own. In the name of justice and humanity, in the name of the innocence and helplessness of childhood, black childhood, as well as white childhood, let us appeal to the white mothers of this country to do all in their power to make the future of our boys and girls as bright and promising as should be that of every child, born on this free American soil. It is the women of the country who mould public opinion, and when they say that trades and avocations shall not be closed against men and women on account of race or color, then the day of proscription and prejudice will darken to dawn no more. As individuals, we have presented our case again and again. Let us now try the efficacy of organized effort; on this, I build great hope. Organization is one of the most potent forces in the world to-day, and the good it is possible for the National Association to accomplish has not yet been approximated by those most sanguine of its success. And now, I must briefly call your attention to a subject fraught with interest to us all. The health of our race is becoming a matter of deep concern to many who are alarmed by statistics showing how great is the death rate among us as compared with that of the Whites. There are many reasons why this proportion is so great among us - chief of which are poverty and ignorance of the laws of health. Our children are sent illy clad through inclement weather to school, for instance. Girls just budding into womanhood are allowed to sit all day in wet boots and damp skirts, in both the high and graded schools which they attend. Thus it happens that some of our most promising and gifted young 352 CHURCH REVIEW. women succumb to diseases, which are the results of carelessness on the part both of parents and teachers. We must call the attention of our mothers to this fact, and urge the school officials to protect the health of our children as far as possible by wise legislation, and thus stop the awful ravages made by diseases which a little care and precaution might prevent. I must not neglect to mention another duty which the Association owes the race, and which it must not fail to discharge. Creating a healthful, wholesome public opinion in every community in which we are represented, is one of the greatest services we can render. The duty of setting a high moral standard and living up to it devolves upon us as colored women in a peculiar way. Slanders are circulated against us every day, both in the press and by the direct descendants of those who in years past were responsible for the moral degradation of their female slaves. While these calumnies are not founded in fact, they can nevertheless do us a great deal of harm, if those who represent the intelligence and virtue among us do not, both in our public and private life, avoid even the appearance of evil. In spite of the fateful inheritance left us by slavery, in spite of the manifold temptations and pitfalls to which our young girls are subjected all over the country, and though the safeguards usually thrown around maidenly youth and innocence are in some sections entirely withheld from colored girls, statistics compiled by men not inclined to falsify in favor of my race show that immorality among colored women is not so great as among women in countries like Austria, Italy, Germany, Sweden and France. If I were called upon to state in a word where I thought the Association should do its most effective work, I should say unhesitatingly, "in the home". The purification of the home must be our first consideration and care. It is in the home where woman is really queen, that she wields her influence with the most telling effects. It is through the home, therefore, that the principles which we wish to promulgate can be most THE DUTY OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION. 353 widely circulated and most deeply impressed. In the mind and heart of every good and conscientious woman, the first place is occupied by home. We must always remember in connection with this fact, however, that observation has shown and experience has proved that it is not the narrow-minded, selfish woman who think of naught save their families and themselves, who have no time to work for neglected children, the helpless sick and the needy power - it is not such women, I say, who exert in their homes the most powerful influence for good. And now, finally, let us be up and doing wherever a word may be spoken for principle, or a hand lifted to aid. We must study carefully and conscientiously the questions which affect us most deeply and directly. Against lynching, the convict lease system, the Jim Crow car laws, and all other barbarities and abuses which degrade and dishearten us, we must agitate with such force of logic and intensity of soul that the oppressor will either be converted to principles of justice or be ashamed to openly violate them. Let loyalty to race, as displayed by employing and patronizing our own, in refusing to hold up our own to public ridicule and scorn, let allegiance to those whose ability, character and general fitness qualify them to lead, be two of the cardinal principles by which each and every member of this Association is guided. If we are to judge the future by the past, as dark as that past has sometimes been since our emancipation, there is no reason why we should view it with despair. Over almost insurmountable obstacles as a race we have forged ahead until today there is hardly a trade, a profession, or an art in which we have not at least one worthy representative. I challenge any other race to show such wonderful progress along all lines in so short a time, under circumstances so discouraging as that made by the ex-slaves of the United States of America. And though today some of us are cast down by the awful barbarities constantly inflicted upon some of our unfortunate race in the South who have been 354 CHURCH REVIEW. shot and burned to death by mobs which took no pains to establish the guilt of their victims, some of whom were doubtless innocent, we must remember that the darkest hour is just before the dawn. As an Association, by discharging our duty to the children, by studying the labor question in its relation to our race, by coming into closer touch with the masses of our women, by urging parents and teachers to protect the health of our boys and girls, by creating a wholesome, healthful public sentiment in every community in which we are represented, by setting a high moral standard and living up to it, and purifying the home, we shall render the race a service, whose magnitude and importance it is not in my power to express. Let us love and cherish our Association with such loyalty and zeal, that it will wax strong and great, that it may soon become that bulwark of strength and source of inspiration to our women that it is destined to be. "In spite of rock and tempest's roar, In spite of false lights on the shore, Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea! Our hearts, our hopes are all with Thee, Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears, Our faith, triumphant o'er our fears, Are all with Thee, are all with Thee." MARY CHURCH TERRELL. REMINISCENCES OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS. 355 V. REMINISCENCES OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS. "No man is a hero to his own valet," is a well-worn adage. It is true if we wish to retain our respect for the greatness of some individuals, they must be viewed at a distance. The closer our relationship with them, the less we feel they are worthy of the estimation we have placed upon them. This arises from two causes: 1st. In thinking of their greatness we have not made due allowance for those weaknesses to which all flesh are heir, and 2nd, We have never been drawn into such contact with them as to be effected by any of their peculiarities. This, however, is a fact - a truly great man has character. His greatness is not mere reputation; character will always impress itself. This was eminently true of Frederick Douglass. Those who have heard Mr. Douglass speak, know that he was not alone forceful, from his manner of saying things, but also from what he said. Truly he had a style of oratory peculiarly his own. He was especially apt in the uses of epigrammatic expressions; for instance in that memoriable one, when, speaking of his race, he said, "judge us not by the heights to which we have arisen, but by the depths from which we have come." The last time he appeared publicly in Philadelphia, he referred to the criticism he had received for marrying the woman of his choice, saying, "My first wife was the color of my mother; my second, the color of my father." Now these expressions were an illustration of his positive character, his terse manner of expression, after, from careful thinking, having arrived at a definite conclusion. 356 CHURCH REVIEW. In conversation he was a careful listener, then giving his thoughts in such an original, terse manner as left little more to be said on the subject. Care and precaution were two very strong elements in his character. These were born from his common sense and practical experience. My personal acquaintance with Mr. Douglass began when he was United States Minister and Consul General in Haiti. He and Mrs. Douglass arrived in that country just after the close of the revolution which removed General Legitime, and resulted in the accession of General Hippolyte to the Presidency of the Republic. It was a critical period. The ceding of the Mole St. Nicolas to the United States as a coaling station was then a burning question. It was alleged that President Hippolyte had promised to cede the "Mole" should he be successful in his revolution. Naturally enough as soon as President Hippolyte came to power the United States expected him to redeem his promise. Their representative, Mr. Douglass, was the one to see that the Haitien government kept the alleged promise. It took some very fine diplomacy for a Negro like Mr. Douglass, who loved his race sincerely, and who had the respect for the independent Negro manhood he found in the Black Republic, to be true to his government, and to his race. None but those near him at the time know the anxious thought these questions caused him. He knew his duty to his government, he felt a duty to a brave people, every foot of whose soil was dearer to them than their lives. Through it all he bore himself as only one of his careful judgment could. As another illustration of his care and precaution, he was invited to breakfast with a very prominent Haitien general. This general was one of the most popular men in the country; his name had been mentioned for the presidency of the Republic; but for this very reason Mr. Douglass, who had but recently come to Haiti, did not want to accept the invitation. He saw how jealous the men in power were of their offices and how popular REMINISCENCES OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS. 357 men not in office were watched. He feared that any, even social, intimacy might be misinterpreted; however, after he found that the only way he could avoid what would seem a direct snub to the invitation, he was prevailed upon by his friends to accept. His wisdom in the matter, though, was very clearly verified a few months later, when a less discreet American citizen fell under grave suspicion of the government for social intimacy with this same General. Another characteristic that was revealed by close intimacy was his absolute freedom from bombast or egotism. He was like most men who think carefully for themselves, decided in his opinions. Mr. Douglass was the best known, most popular Negro, had held the most prominent positions, and swayed a greater influence for a longer period, than any Negro the United States has produced. Personal contact with him showed a man entirely free from self-importance. I met him one day as he was going home from the legation; calling me by my last name, he asked where I was going; I said, "To dinner;" "Oh," said he, "come go home with me. I guess Helen," referring to Mrs. Douglass, "can find something for us to eat." I shall never forget that quiet little luncheon in his tropical home. There I was in the presence of one of the great men of this great age, at the ripest season of his life, talking like an oracle and yet as free from all that assumption and self-laudatory mein that some men would have shown, as if he had been the humblest peasant. His whole demeanor seemed to be to show his respect for me as his guest. He always retained his quiet dignity, yet was most genial with his friends. To listen to Mr. Douglass' fervid oratory, one might suppose he was very impulsive, as people of deep feeling often are, but he was not. Perhaps it would be better expressed by saying he was a man of great impulse, but had it under what seemed complete control. There are few countries outside of France where pleasure and excitement hold higher carnival than in Haiti. The 5 358 CHURCH REVIEW. Haitien is a Frenchman. France is his ideal country; so far as he can, he imitates it. Indeed, it is a proverb, that when they take snuff in France, they sneeze in Haiti. Wine suppers, grand dinners, card parties, fetes, and social pleasures of all kinds are the order of the day. Drinking is so general a custom, that a funeral is incomplete without all who are present being freely served as many times as they wish with whatever they may desire according to the means of the deceased's family. Wine is regularly drunk at meals, and water seldom without some rum in it. The social customs of the country almost demand that one entertain according to these long-established usages, especially if, as the United States Consul, he takes rank with the highest and best. Mr. Douglass, whose prestige and standing had preceded him long before he reached Haiti as teh United States Minister, did not only take rank with, but above, the gayest Haytien life, in official circles. But nothing changed him. The plain solid habits acquired by long practice of careful living were never departed from. The retinue of servants, liveried coachmen, wine dinners, etc., that were in that country though indispensable adjuncts to an official position, were never adopted by him, though from a financial standpoint we know he was abundantly able to have done so. Notwithstanding the fact that he had the weight of three score and ten years resting upon him, he often walked to and from the legation. Some one remonstrated with him about walking; he replied that he enjoyed the walk. They reminded him of the climate and that the drive was pleasant and public conveyance within easy call; he said, "Yes, but from long acquired habit I have learned never to spent money when it can be saved." Mr. Douglass was charged with having made a remark some years ago which was Atheistic. I remember having talked the matter over with him, and that he told me just what he had said, but cannot now recollect what REMINISCENCES OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS. 359 it was. I do recollect the most positive assurance that he gave me both in conversation and by practical demonstration of his implicit belief and simple child-like trust in God, and all the tenets of an orthodox faith. One of his most valued possessions was a Bible that had been presented him in Washington. He read it daily. It was constantly lying upon his sitting-room table, not as an ornement, but for use. He had the highest regard for the gospel ministry. One of the most severe things I can recollect having heard him say was in denunciation of a minister whom he knew to have been guilty of immorality. He had the most punctilious idea of keeping a moral obligation, and always spoke of christianity as the one thing above all else. It was a grand thing to sit under the influence of his magnetic oratory, but a grander thing to come into personal contact with this true nature's nobleman. He was not what high birth, academies and universities had formed him, but what God and destiny had made him - a Grand Old Man. SOLOMON PORTER HOOD. 360 CHURCH REVIEW VI DISPENSATIONS IN THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH, BY BISHOP B. T. TANNER, D.D.LL.D. Within the past thirty years many publications emanating from the pen of Negro authors have been put upon the market. Some of these were distinguished for their scholarship and for the research they exhibited; others were equally noteworthy on account of a lack of these. Some not only added to our literature, but clearly indicated the possibilities of the race in literary lines. Others should never have been written. That which deserves to live, however, will live. That which has a mission will not perish until that mission is fulfilled. But that which has no raison d'etre will speedily find its place - will soon be forgotten and will be cast aside as so much rubbish. It is not the number of books that one has written, but the quality and character that determine the intellectual strength of its author. The cost intellectually to produce them - the following out to a logical conclusion any line of thought upon which one may have spent years and perhaps a lifetime - are the things that tell. Yet, taking all things into consideration, it may be said that the Negro has fixed his status in many lines of literary activity and that the literary possibilities of the race are no longer a matter of doubt. Literature of a lighter vein - the short and the long story, the novel, especially that involving the use of dialect and the plantation Negro, has found exponents in Dunbar and Chestnutt. Being themselves Negroes they should endeavor to improve on the old style and DISPENSATIONS IN THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 361 give us something in the utmost harmony with the highest yearnings of the race. Other fields have been entered by members of the race with more or less success. Here they have reflected credit upon themselves, their race and their country. Not all, of course, for some have missed the mark. Among the successful writers and authors of the race, the author of the "Dispensations," Bishop B. T. Tanner, D.D.LL.D., stands among the first. He is a man of profound piety and rare scholarship. He is amply qualified to discuss the themes suggested by the title of his book. His long years of literary activity as editor and author, his theological training and Biblical investigation and research make him an authority in these especial lines. Indeed in the realms of theological thought he has an acknowledged place, and whatever he says is sure to attract attention. The Rt. Rev. W. B. Derrick very fittingly introduces the author's work and clearly sets forth why Bishop Tanner is so well qualified for the task he entered upon. Bishop Derrick, after referring to the author's published works and miscellaneous contributions to the press, says of him most appropriately: "He has shown himself to be an able defender, not only of the church of his choice, but of the faith once delivered unto the saints. Patient, plodding, industrious, soaring above the sordid, always alert and with keen eye, he has kept abreast of the times, making the world decidedly wiser and better informed upon many subjects." Then again the Bishop says that this great work will in all probability be the writer's last literary production and that God has graciously prolonged his life that he may give to the church and race a monument of sanctified genius and unfeigned devotion to His cause. We trust, however, that his pen will not be laid down while health and strength last. There are two volumes of this work before us. In the first there are nine preludes which Bishop Tanner is pleased to designate as Excursus. He concludes this first chapter with the First Dispensation (Academic). The 362 CHURCH REVIEW. second volume opens with the First Interregnum. Then Dispensations follow, alternating with Interregnums. The subjects discussed are some of the most important in Biblical history and at the same time some of the knottiest in sacred literature. I call them knotty because some of them have given rise to almost interminable debates from the earliest period of our history to the present moment. But the Master's hand is shown in dealing with them. These are some of the themes: "The Significance of a Dispensation;" "Chronology of the Bible;" "The Origin of Man;" "Descent of the Negro:" "Ordination of Women;" "The Flood;" "Division of the Land;" "Prophecy and Prophets;" "Baptism." Following these divisions are: "The Noachic, the Abrahamic, Mosaic and Christian Dispensations." The Sixth Dispensation is the "Dispensation of Glory." To appreciate this work, to appreciate its merit and the amount of learning and of research it displays, one must possess it; he must read it and study it for himself. Science and theology go hand in hand and Bishop Tanner shows quite conclusively that there is no exception here. Why should there be? In regard to the chronology of the Bible the following lines appear: "Is there such a chronology?" he asks. "That altogether depends upon the definition given, and the phase of it determined upon. Undoubtedly Moses gives us the rule by means of which all true chronology must stand; and not so much a rule as a statement that is both a discovery and a revelation. "And God said, let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years." Gen. i: 14. Herein man is pointed to the only sure foundation of all chronology; for without the help of the sun, moon and stars chronology would be impossible. If, however, is meant what we might call applied chronology after the fashion of those who speak of applied chemistry, then for reasons both special and general we can agree with those - and among them Dean Milman - who declare that there is no such thing as Biblical chronology. DISPENSATION IN THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 363 On the origin of man the writer is quite as clear, quite as forcible, and his arguments are both able and convincing, especially to him who is seeking light. He says, "The doctrine of the direct creation of man - what witnesses have we to substantiate them?" Our witnesses are Moses, Job, Solomon, Isaiah, Jeremiah and Zechariah. Moses' first testimony is as follows: And God said "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness." "Upon this, the first testimony of Moses, it is to be said that there is little of the definiteness we desire. And yet, as it relates to the question at issue, while we could wish, for the sake of discussion, greater details were given, the fact stated is not to be overlooked, that man was made directly by God. And first, it is noticeable that his making is alluded to in a way peculiar to itself. Of the creation of light, God said, 'Let there be light.' Of the creation of the firmament, He said, 'Let there be a firmament.' Of the seas and the earth, 'Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together into one place and let the dry land appear.' Of the great vegetable world, 'Let the earth put forth grass.' Of the heavenly world, 'Let there be lights in the firmament of heaven.' Of all marine creatures, 'Let the waters bring forth abundantly.' Of all terrene animals, 'Let the earth bring forth living creature of its kind.' It was simply: Let the things be done. But when He came to the making of man, an entirely different form of speech was employed. It is no longer, Let the thing be done - done by long process of development, if you please, but the set phrase is pushed aside and an entirely new one employed: 'Let us make man.' Why this difference? Manifestly for one or two reasons. Either to settle upon the wisdom of such creation itself, or the use of a different method. That it could not have been the first is certain, and for the reason that the general creation had already advanced too far." I have thus given this long extract because it so beautifully illustrates the rhetorical finish and the logic of the argument employed by the writer. Again "But let us listen to Moses' third statement upon the origin of man; for, if we are not mistaken, it throws such a flood of light upon the matter, in that it gives us details, as ought, we think to settle the question at once. Having previously said that God made (assah) man, that he created (bara) him, as though unwilling to leave a shadow of ignorance as to the how, he graciously says - Gen ii: 6., 'and the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground.' The verb here employed is neither assah nor bara, but yalsar, which signifies to form, to fashion, to make. Are we asked to account for 364 CHURCH REVIEW. the employment of these three distinct verbs? And all, in the space of what is, to us, this thirteen verses? With but a single exception only one verb is employed in the recital of all other forms of life, whether of the air, the land or the sea. Twice the number of verses and one verb; one half the number of verses and three verbs. Such a fact as this utterly destroys the argument that Moses uses these verbs synonymously." How strongly and forcibly put are these arguments. The whole book is just so lucid and just so clear in statement. I have seldom read a treatise dealing with such themes that was so fascinating in style from the first page to the last. The fourth prelude discusses a subject that every Negro school teacher, every Negro clergyman, every Negro scholar ought to read and to study. I call especial attention to it. A startling proposition has been made by those not in sympathy with the race and by skeptical scientists and theologians that the Negro is not descended from Ham. In fact, that he is the result of a separate and distinct creation - if created at all - that he is a Preadamite. Many theologians and scientists and men of smaller pretensions are seeking data to prove a theory that may accord with their notions. Bishop Tanner discusses this subject thoughtfully, thoroughly and ably and carries his point, as I think. After referring to the statement of Revs. Drs. J. H. Vincent, J. M. Freeman and J. L. Hulburt: "It is not certain whether or not the Negro race descended from Ham,' (Sunday School Journal M. E. Church, Lesson IV. Jan. 23), the Bishop plunges into his subject and shows that the theory is born of prejudice and not of fact, that it is not Scriptural. Says the author: "That the Negro is of African patrimony the world knows. The dullest blockhead of the most out-of-the-way country school knows that the father of the black fellow whom he is all the time meeting came from Africa. Nor could the most persistent pedagogue get him to believe otherwise. The Negro, then, is of Africa. But who settled Africa - which of the sons of Noah, we mean? The one authoritative voice in the settlement of this question is the Bible, for it alone, as we have said, throws light upon ages declared to be prehistoric by DISPENSATIONS IN THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 365 the secular analysts Is Europe Japhetic? Is Asia Shemitic? Then Africa is Hamitic by one and the same testimony; re-inforced however, we may be allowed to say, by the facts of philology; for while Europe and Asia depend altogether on the statements of history, Africa can call to her help philology. Why should Holy Writ be thought to speak infallibly of two and fallibly of one? Were the writers biased or were the facts more difficult to remember? Neither supposition is to be entertained." Again, in another place, he says: "To attempt to assign the Negro another than Hamitic origin is nothing less than an attempt to read the Bible with other than the old time Christian eyes. In the light of those eyes the Bible is an inspired book; if not verbally inspired, certainly plenarily inspired. According to this light the race was a unit, with Noah for its head as one, and Shem, Ham and Japhet as its heads in parts. But in the light of these new eyes, all this is seen to be erroneous." Thus does the author meet his antagonistic step by step with invincible argument. That language was once homogeneous, that it was once a unit and that it sprang from a common source seems settled beyond dispute. If we then accept this as a fact we must conclude that the race was once a unit, that all races sprang from one and that in the diversity of peoples and races language likewise became diversified. This may add a thought to Bishop Tanner's argument in support of one center of creation - though he is abundantly able to maintain his own ground without any assistance from me. As to the universality of the flood, the author gives reason for his faith in the summary of his arguments, thus: God's mightiness is equal to the emergency. Secondly, supposing the flood to have been universal, the fact could not be communicated to the world if the record already given does not tell of us that fact. Third, all the ages that have since passed, understood the patriarchs, inspired and uninspired, to say that the flood was universal. Fourth, nothing is gained by denying it, but on the contrary, much is lost in that it makes the teachings of the Bible uncertain. Significant is that chapter on Baptism, and we can only call attention to it. All the quotations I have so 366 CHURCH REVIEW. far given have been from Volume I. The second volume is equally interesting; especially are those chapters which discuss the patriarchs and the events that cluster about their lives - the prophets and prophetic times. We forbear to indulge in further reference or discussion of this notable book except to say that as the term dispensation implies, the author has given us "what is unfolded in the scripture" with reference to the Divine economy, and royally has he done his work. He concludes the second volume with the Book of Joshua. I have yet to find a work from which I have derived more genuine pleasure and profit in its perusal than the "Dispensations in the History of the Church". W.S. Scarborough. MISCELLANEOUS 367 A.D. 1900 Miscellaneous "The World was never nearer right than is the world to-day. And never was the tyrant Might so hampered in the fray Since God in mirth first sent the earth A-spinning on its way." 368 CHURCH REVIEW. SHAKESPEARE'S THEOLOGY. Was Shakespeare a skeptic, and, if not, what was his theology? Ingersoll goes so far as to say that the famous epitaph which is inscribed upon his tomb was not written by Shakespeare, but by his son-in-law, Dr. John Hall, who placed it over the poet to prevent the pious church people from moving the body: because they thought the ashes of so irreligious and immoral an actor would profane their cemetery. This theory is absolutely without foundation in fact, and Ingersoll confesses, that it "flashed" upon him suddenly while standing by the grave. The same gentleman also represents Shakespeare as holding that crime is only the result of ignorance. This is another evolution from his inner consciousness - an offspring from his prolific brain, and is precisely opposite to what Shakespeare taught. With him "the wish is father to the thought" (Henry IV., Part II., 4:5-93), not the thought father to the wish. We now proceed to secure the evidence by examining the witnesses, in order to render our decision upon Shakespeare's theology. Dr. Strong, in stating a complimentary truth to a position taken by Flint in his essay on "Theism," says: "Where the will is a bounding activity of individual and national life, there is always a strong connection of the personality of God and the freedom of man. This is especially true of the Elizabethan age, and is markedly seen in Shakespeare, its noblest writer. Man is capable of good, but he is also capable of freely willing evil." This dictum asserts two propositions as believed by Shakespeare. 1. The existence of a personal God or supreme ruler. 2. Man's free moral agency by virtue of which he is enabled to choose between good and evil, and pursue the course of his selection. If the first proposition is established then we have a foundation upon which to build, for what a man thinks of God, is the bed rock of his religion. The witnesses in this case are: (I) "Ignorance is the curse of God; Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven." -Henry VI., Part II. 4:7:78 (2) "There's a divinity that shapes our ends, Rough-hew them how we will." - Hamlet 5:2:10. MISCELLANEOUS. 369 (3) Wesley commands Cromwell thus: "Cromwell, I charge thee fling away ambition: By that sin fell the angels; how can man then, The image of his Maker, hope to win by it?" -Henry VII., 3:2:440. The above quotations prove that Shakespeare believed in an Omnipotent God who created man in His own image, and hence immortal, whose habitation may be reached by knowledge, properly used, and who superintends the actions and determines the destiny of man. Believing in a Divine Being he naturally assigned to Him certain attributes, and hence we have Portia's unequaled discourse in which God's mercy and justice are so strikingly portrayed and clearly harmonized. (4) In answering Shylock's question she says: "The quality of mercy is not constrained; * * * * * * * It is an attribute of God Himself; And earthly power doth then show likest God's, When mercy seasons justice. Therefore Jew Though justice be thy plea, consider this - That in the course of justice none of us Should see salvation; we do pray for mercy, And that same prayer doth teach us all to render The deeds of mercy." - Merchant of Venice 4:1:175. The central thought of the Lord's prayer; the golden rule; the impossibility of salvation by merit; the mercy and justice of God are all touched upon in that address. My opinion, therefore, is that Shakespeare believed very firmly in a God and was familiar with His attributes. Having thoroughly substantiated the first proposition, let us now consider the second, to-wit: Man's free moral agency and accountability. In other words, we learned the poet's view of God, that is, the divine nature, and are now seeking to know his views of man, that is, human nature. (1) In the conversation between Brutus and Cassius, where Brutus upon hearing a general shout, remarked that he thought some new honors were being heaped upon Caesar, Cassius, after comparing Caesar to a Colossus continued: "Men at some time are masters of their fate: The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, But in ourselves that we are underlings" -Julius Caesar 1:2:135. (2) Helena, speaking immediately after Parolles' advice to say her 370 CHURCH REVIEW. prayers when she had leisure, and remember her friends when she had none, moralizes: "Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie, Which we ascribe to heaven; the fated sky Gives us free scope, only backward pull Our slow designs when we ourselves are dull." -All's Well that Ends Well, 1:1:231. (3) In the Temple garden scene in which Richard Plantagenet, the Earls of Somerset, Vernon and Warwick take part, Suffolk uses this language: "Faith I have been a truant in the law, And never yet could frame my will to it, And therefore frame the law into my will." -Henry VI., Part I., 2:4:7. Such philosophy may not suit my Hardshell brethren and may seem fanatical to ultra-Calvinists, yet I affirm that the great dramatist in his belief of freedom of the will approached very nearly the teaching of scripture. (4) Man's responsibility is clearly taught in Hamlet, where Shakespeare makes the point that "God is no more responsible for the corruption in man's heart and the evil that comes from it than the sun is responsible for the maggots which its heat breeds in a dead dog." (5) We find man's accountability referred to in "The Winter's Tale," where Polixenes speaks of answering, "Heaven boldly, not guilty." The illusion is to the judgment day, before whose tribunal every man shall stand as justified or condemned. (6) A comparison of the Bible and Shakespeare on certain doctrinal points will be interesting and instructive: a. Paul says: "There is none righteous, no, not one;" "for all have sinned and come short of the glory of God." b. David says: "All men are liars." And John wrote c: "If we say that we have no sin we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us." Turn to Shakespeare and read: d. "Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all." -Henry VI., Part II., 3:3:31. e. Where's that place whereinto foul things Sometimes intrude not? Who has a breast so pure, But some uncleanly apprehensions Keep leets and law-days, and in sessions sit With meditations lawful?" - Othello 3:3:233. f. "Who lives that's not depraved or depraves?" -Timon of Athens 1:2:145. g. "We are arrant knaves all; believe none of us." -Hamlet 3:1:131. MISCELLANEOUS. 371 These quotations and Scriptures may be startling and shocking to the Methodists and Sanctificationists, but Shakespeare and the Bible seem to agree in teaching total depravity and the universality of sin. (7) The poets thoughts upon conscience are worthy to be compared with Francis Wayland's masterly treatment of the same subject. Indeed Wayland in his chapter on the "Moral Sense" used not less than six quotations from Shakespeare. Hear Hamlet as he cries: "Thus conscience doth make cowards of us all" -Hamlet 3:1:83. And "Richard III" exclaims: 'O, coward conscience, how thou dost afflict me! * * * * * My conscience hath a thousand several tongues, And every tongue brings in a several tale, And every tale condemns me for a villain." -Richard III., 5:3:180. These passages bring vividly to mind the traitor Judas, when, taking the silver back to the purchasers, he threw it down at their feet with the words: "I sinned in betraying innocent blood," and went away and hanged himself. (8) The Bible teaches progress in evil to such a degree that one finally becomes the servant of sin and that the tendency of one wicked deed is to lead to another, and in juxtaposition is the teaching that performing one virtuous act makes the second easier and so on ad infinitum Shakespeare teaches the same. He says in Hamlet's advice to his mother: "Refrain tonight, And that shall lend a kind of easiness To the next abstinence; the next more easy; For use can change the stamp of nature." -Hamlet 3:4:164. Pericles utters an eternal truth in the words: "One sin, I know, another doth provoke; Murder's as near to lust as flame to smoke. Poison and treason are the hands of sin, Ay, and the targets to put off the shame." -Pericles, Prince of Tyro, 1:1:136. The closing moments of Beaufort's life is one of the most awful scenes in any literature and represents very forcibly the death of one who has grown in sin and neglected repentance. We feel the rapid short beat of his pulse, see the horrible look of agony and woe in his dying eye, and hear the plaintive cry from his parched lips as he stands unprepared upon the boundary line between two worlds. We behold his impending doom, shudder at his inevitable punishment 372 CHURCH REVIEW. and "smell the smoke" of the flames as from the bottomless pit they leap up around their helpless victim. With a voice more distressing than Richard III.'s cry for a house, he expires with the sad words: "If thou be'st death, I'll give thee England's treasure, Enough to purchase such another island, So thou will let me live, and feel no pain." The question of soteriology is the only remaining subject to be considered in this paper. We, therefore, ask what did Shakespeare believe about the vicarious atonement of Jesus Christ and its effect upon the human race and how does his belief compare with Bible doctrine on the same subject? The scriptures teach that Christ is a propitiation for the sins of the world; that He hath tasted death for every creature, and that the benefits of His voluntary sacrifice are received by repentance toward God and faith in His Son. I was surprised to find that Shakespeare gives such valuable testimony to the above doctrine and taught it so clearly. Listening we hear Helena say: "But most it is presumption in us when The help of heaven we count the act of men." -All's Well That Ends Well." 2:1:152. Other such testimony is numerous, e.g.: "Now by the death of Him that died for all." -Henry VI., Pt. II., 1:110. "That dread king took our state upon Him To free us from His Father's wrathful curse." -Henry VI., Pt. II., 3:2:154. Clarence says: "I charge you, as you hope to have redemption By Christ's dear blood, shed for our grievous sins, That you depart and lay no hands on me." -Richard III., 1:4:195. "Those holy fields Over whose acres walked those beautiful feet Which fourteen hundred years ago were nailed For our advantage on the bitter cross, The world's ransom, blessed Mary's Son." -Richard II., 2:1:56. Unless the meaning of words has radically changed and language has ceased to convey ideas, these quotations prove beyond controversy Shakespeare's belief in the Messiah. Emerson well asks: "What point of morals, of manners, of economy, of philosophy, of religion, of taste, of the conduct of life, has he not settled?" Hudson, in speaking of Henry the Fifth as one of the characters into whom the poet throws something of his own soul, says: "In the choruses, where he ungirds his individual love from the strict law of MISCELLANEOUS. 373 dramatic self-aloofness, and lets in a stream from his own full heart, he calls him the mirror of all Christian kings, and ascribes to him such qualities, and in such a way as show unequivocally his own cherished ideal of manhood, and in what course the current of his personal approval ran" And then he goes on to tell how Shakespeare makes his character throb "with the highest and purest Christian ethos which the old ages of faith could breathe into a man." The same author says that Shakespeare "had a right Christian faith in a further stage of being." 'Twas he who wrote of "the undiscovered country from whose bourne no traveler returns," and only a hypercritic could find inconsistency with Hamlet for using such an expression after he "saw the ghost of his father and heard again his father's voice," for the ghost may have been only imaginary; that is, existing in the mind, and if it were real that does not create any conflict, for the shadow could not be the substance and many people believe in ghosts, who would never dare affirm that the real person, in the flesh, returns to earth after death. The soundest and deepest theologian in America and an author of recognized ability the world over uses the following emphatic language: "I challenge any man to find unbelief in the dramatis personae of Shakespeare's plays, except in cases where it is the manifest effect or excuse of sin, reproved by the context, or changed to fearful acknowledgment of the truth by the results of transgression." His characters carry the light of morality and the "glad tidings" of Christian truth. They neither inculcate infidelity nor disseminate skepticism. Like guardian angels they hover around your path with warnings and encouragement. Brutus is a model by which the citizen should shape his conduct. Desdemona, 'as pure as ice and as chaste as snow," died true to Othello. Lucrece is virtue robbed by villany and changing unjust earth for the vindication of heaven. Portia is the nightingale that sings of divine goodness and a nobler life. With his unique characters Shakespeare has made earth more pleasant and heaven more charming. He has mapped out a path through life lined by beautiful flowers and crossing laughing brooklets. He has observed the broken bridges and hung out danger signals for the traveler. He has lifted this planet nearer the better world and peopled it with purer spirits. He has opened man's heart and unveiled his face as 'twas in Eden, when he walked among her new-born bowers and conversed face to face with his God. He has spanned time with the rainbow of promise, beneath which he has erected the palace of hope, which stands with open doors and beckening hands at the portals. Great intellectual giant that he was, he lifted his head above the mists and with the unclouded eye of faith beheld the "Sun of Righteousness." Let us draw on Carlyle whose opinion is inestimable, for the closing thought. He testifies: "I cannot call this Shakespeare a 'skeptic' as some do; his indifference to the creeds and theological quarrels of his time misleading them. No; 6 -374- CHURCH REVIEW. neither unpatriotic, though he says little about his patriotism; nor skeptic, though he says little about his faith. But the man sang; did not preach, except musically. We called Dante the melodious poet of middle age Catholicism. May we not call Shakespeare the still more melodious priest of true Catholicism, the universal church of the future and all times? No narrow superstition, harsh asceticism, intolerance, fanatical fierceness or perversion, a revelation, so far as it goes, that such a thousand-fold hidden beauty and divineness dwells in all nature, which let all men worship as they can! We may say without offense that there rises a kind of universal psalm out of this Shakespeare, too, not unfit to make itself heard among the still more sacred Psalms. Not in disharmony with those, if we understand them, but in harmony!" Carlyle, thou hast well spoken! - Rev. Geo. W. McDaniel in Baptist Standard. -375- EDITORIALS. Wishing our Readers A HAPPY NEW YEAR Each laid-on year with lamination new, More safely shields from death, the Good and True. 376 CHURCH REVIEW Editorials. FRONTISPIECE. OUR frontispiece is an excellent likeness of Dr. E. W. Blyden, of Sierra Leone, Africa, an eminent world scholar whose name is familiar on both civilized continents. His book on "Islam, Christianity and the Negro" is his greatest work and in it many have read him a Mohammedan; but that this is a mistake we have no other authority than Dr. Blyden himself, supported and attested by utterances on various occasions. Those who preserve the pictures of eminent men of the race, published from time to time, will, in the years to come, have the largest and most valuable gallery to be found. BELATED GREETINGS. The REVIEW does not reach its readers in time to be punctual with its "Merry Christmas!" and "Happy New Year!" since those dates are already past, but in the zeal of good wishes there is no ex post facto bar, they look "before and after;" therefore, knowing our thought was for them on the days of general rejoicing even if our expression of that thought was delayed by the rules of regular issue, to which our publication bends, we insist even now upon saying: May God bless you, and give peace and prosperity to every one May war all over the world soon 'smooth his wrinkled front," and the world move on to greater and higher resolves of righteousness till "Mind and soul, according well, May make one music as before, But vaster." EDITORIALS. 377 LOOKING FORWARD. Readers of the REVIEW will note the absence of our usual miniature cuts of contributors. With the beginning of the new year we are planning for some changes and improvements, and as the changes contemplate some difference in the classification of departments and in the illustrations it is thought wise to begin the year without the old style. The contents of this number are not surpassed by those of any previous issue both the matter and the personnel of the contributors being facile princeps. From this time on, we shall give an editorial digest of all contributed articles which will, in briefest form, set forth the main thoughts and salient points of each article. We believe this will be welcomed by our readers, as it will enable them to ascertain at a glance, when limited for time, what of interest to them any paper contains, and take up the closer perusal of that paper's thought. EDITORIAL DIGEST. Dr. Frank P. Parkin, pastor of the State Street M. E. Church, Trenton, New Jersey, opens the January number of the A. M. E. REVIEW with an article on "The Holy Communion, Its Proper Place in our Worship," which will be relished by our ministry. He argues that the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper is not properly appreciated and is too often made a "mere annex of the sermon, with a consequent loss of true dignity and solemnity." After descanting upon the simplicity of the original observance, he traces the gradual divergence of ideas in the early church concerning the import this sacrament. In the time of Chrysostom and Ambrose the doctrine of the Real Presence of Christ in the bread and wine gained strength, becoming fixed and formal in the declaration of the Council of Trent, the middle of the 16th Century. Martin Luther held somewhat differently. Zwingli taught that the communion was simply a commemoration. Calvin differed from both Luther and Zwingli by holding that Chris is truly, but spiritually received by every believer who partakes, and this is substantially the view of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Dr. Parkin holds that there is too great tendency to run to ritualistic observance in the celebration, especially among Anglican branches of Protestantism, though he recognizes another tendency in another wing of the church to go to the other extreme. Here the tendency is to disparage and finally abandon the sacrament. While 378 CHURCH REVIEW. Methodism has no uniform plan, he believes it occupies a middle position in both the ritualistic and spiritual observance. He deprecates the horrid observance often had after a long sermon; he deprecates also the use of raisin water, molasses and water, prunes and water, and water alone, as some practice. He is opposed to individual communion cups, but would allow a clean napkin to be used to wipe off the edge of the cup. He himself uses communion Sabbath to receive members. The paper closes with several other practical suggestions for redeeming this holy sacrament from either over-ritualism or under-appreciation. Dr. Edward Wilmot Blyden. of Sierra Leone, Africa, generally considered the most learned Negro linguist in the world, gives a thoughtful and highly readable paper on "The Negro in the United States," which holds interest not only for its strength and scholarship, but as giving us a view of ourselves as we are seen across the seas. The value of the paper explains the unusual space given it. Dr. Blyden, is a believer in the ultimate immigration of the American Negro to Africa, and is one of the few men who always spells Negro with a capital "N." He is an admirer of Bishop H. M. Turner, thought not a hero-worshiper to the extent of blind agreement, but on the main point of Negro repatriation they are together. Few word paintings are stronger than the delineation he draws of the A. M. E. Senior Bishop in a few strokes. A companion picture is the one he draws of the "Old Man Eloquent," Frederick Douglass. He sees hope in the march of American events. Even the movement towards disfranchising the Negro does not call forth a protest, as Dr. Blyden sees in this an inevitable and logical reaction against the past mistake of too early and too general suffrage in reconstruction days. To him, also, the division of the Negro vote is a deisirable consummation. It is interesting to carry in our minds as we read Dr. Blyden's learned article, the similar position of Bishop Walters and the opposite one set forth in the REVIEW of April 1899, by Dr. Geo. W. Henderson, the scholarly Dean of Theology, Straight University, New Orleans, La., pages 794-796. Mr. Henderson believes that in self-respect the Negro cannot heed such advice till the Democratic party 'pledges itself to do us justice in the halls of legislation and in the execution of laws." Dr. Blyden would go to the extent of rejoicing to see the Negro refrain from politics altogether, holding that it "would be the most important step in the direction of general progress taken by the race since the Civil war." Reconstruction measures as affecting the Negro were a mistake and the cause of all his following woes. He quotes approvingly Dr. Curry's recital of the South's woes and bona fide acceptance of the burden of lifting up the ex-slave; also Mr. Fortune, is similarly approved in saying that the further destiny of the Negro rests with himself, not in the law; also EDITORIALS. 379 Mr. N. B. Young's statement in the October (1898) REVIEW that the Negro's third emancipation, viz: from the "distorting and trammeling influence of a false conciousness," is mentioned in acquiescence. These are a few of the many thought-provoking points set forth in the article, which may be expected to stir up some strong dissent as well as strong approval. Bishop James Theodore Holly, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Hayti, under the title "Spread-eagleism," discusses Expansion and Imperialism from the Scriptural point of view with all the intensity of his strong conviction that the present course of the United States with respect to the Phillipines is unholy and in contravention, not only of all our most valued principles of freedom, but also of the will of God; in support of which contention he cites authority from the Bible. While it is not likely that the ground of the Bishop's objection will have much weight with modern politics and statesmanship, it will arrest the attention and arouse the conscientious consideration of thousands of christian patriots who inquire first, What is right? and afterwards, What is patriotic? Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, President of the National Association of Colored Women and ex-member of the Washington, D.C., School Board, sets forth the work accomplished by the Association in the three years of its existence. She also outlines the work of the future for colored women to be the extension of organized work among the Negro mothers and an earnest appeal to the white women for co-operation. It is in the spirit of co-operation and helpfulness that the REVIEW welcomes anything that can aid in moulding public opinion on the important subjects of labor opportunity for adult Negroes and better home training for the children. Rev. Solomon Porter Hood, D. D., of Reading, Pa., and ex-Secretary of Legation in Hayti, under Hon. Frederick Douglass, gives us some very readable "Reminiscences of Frederick Douglass" touching upon the solid character and conservatism of America's most illustrious colored son. Mr. Hood is fitted to speak by years of the closest contact and confidential relation with Mr. Douglass It is very probable therefore, if the public interest warrant, that this first installment of "Reminiscences," will be followed by others equally worthy of preservation. 380 CHURCH REVIEW. Prof. W. S. Scarborough, A.M. Professor of Greek in Wilberforce University, Ohio, and the Negro best known to the American public for rare linguistic accomplishments, reviews with discriminating approval, Bishop B. T. Tanner's latest and most monumental work, "Dispensations in the History of the Church." The conjunction of such a book and such a critic ought to give unusual interest to this article, and we doubt not it will have the careful perusal of scholars and that new attention will be turned on the book discussed. The rapid multiplication of excellent books from Negro authors is somewhat confusing to the mind and drastic on the purse, so that some of them lack the circulation their merit demands, but we have confidence in American scholarship, and believe in time all the best books written by Negro authors will be housed in the public and private libraries of the men who think. Miscellaneous Department. It will be found to contain a poem entitled "The World was Never Nearer Right," and the selection "Shakespeare's Theology" in which the numerous readers may be interested. The Editorial Department aims at fullness, alertness, and honesty of expression upon topics of such worth and character as arrest the attention of the world's best thinkers from time to time Occasional relief from heaviness or concentration is given by a few matters humorously considered. The Book Notices contain more or less mention of the best publications in bound form that comes to our desk. This department will be a prominent feature of the REVIEW for 1900. A NEGRO EXHIBIT AT PARIS. Mr Thos. J. Calloway has been appointed special agent on Negro exhibits at the Paris Exposition and has set to work with characteristic and commendable energy to secure a creditable showing for the race. His plans have been carefully formulated and with the proper co-operation his work will tell to our advantage in 1900. The U.S. Commission has assigned space in the Social Economy Building to represent the present condition and progress of the Negro in America. There has always been objections to a separate Negro exhibit EDITORIALS. 381 exhibit in these expositions, but the ground of support for this is purely theoretical Practically, we derive only good from a good showing, so designated as not to be merged in the general exhibit where all excellence is taken to be white in accordance with the presumption arising from their superior civilization. The Negro is accorded nothing he does not claim Mr. Calloway gives three main reasons for making the special exhibit, as follows: First, the American Negro owes it to himself to show his moral, intellectual and material progress to correct erroneous ideas which may have gained currency. Secondly, it is due the United States that proof be furnished that all classes of its population are prosperous, progressive and valuable citizens Thirdly, since most of the countries of Europe are now engaged in colonizing Africa, it is the opportunity of the United States to show the lines upon which it is attempting racial adjustment. To the statecraft of Europe the "Negro Problem" is destined to become a burning reality in their African colonies, and it is our privilege to furnish them the best evidence at hand to prove that the only solution that will ever succeed is that of an equal chance in the race of life without regard to "color, race or previous condition" OUTLINE OF EXHIBIT. - The proposed exhibit includes the following outline, arranged in classes: I. EDUCATION to include photographs, samples of work of pupils literary productions, statistical charts, etc II. HOMES, to include photographs, design work, etc III. FARMS, to include photographs, products, etc. IV. SKILLED TRADES AND ORGANIZED LABOR, to include photographs, inventions, samples of productions, etc. V. DOMESTIC SERVICE, to include photographs, statistical charts etc. VI. BUSINESS ENTERPRISES, to include photographs, statistical charts etc. VII. PROFESSIONS, to include photographs, diplomas, etc. VIII. MILITARY LIFE, to include photographs, medals won for valor, etc. IX. POLITICAL LIFE, to include photographs, documents, etc. X. CHURCHES, to include photographs, statistical charts, etc. XI. BOOKS AND PERIODICALS, to include complete collections, etc. XII. MUSIC AND ART, to include collection of musical compositions photographs, paintings, statuettes etc. XIII. WORK OF COLORED WOMEN, to include photographs, etc. PHOTOGRAPHS - It is particularly desired that a large collection of photographs be secured and any person can aid the exhibit by forwarding immediately any interesting photograph which repre- 382 CHURCH REVIEW. sents any phase of Negro life. We prefer all photographs unmounted, but you can send them in the manner most convenient for yourself. MISCELLANEOUS. - Please write concerning the nature of any other articles you can furnish. Nothing large can be received, no matter how interesting. Small models of large articles will be welcome. But it is wisest to write for information about any proposed exhibit other than photographs. AWARDS. - You will receive full credit for whatever material you forward. All exhibits will be labelled, catalogued and entered for award under the regulations of the French Exposition authorities. THE SOUTH AFRICAN SECESSION. The secession of the Rev. J. M. Dwane, created vicar-bishop in the A. M. E. Church about two years ago, leaves an uncertain residum of lay and ministerial membership for that church in South Africa. We are not disposed to abuse or vilify Mr. Dwane for leaving, any more than we lauded him for coming. His motives are his own, but the bearing of his course upon the A. M. E. Church is legitimate matter for thoughtful discussion. First of all, our loss is mainly a sentimental one, for there had taken place among the South African membership very little real assimilation with us. The fact is, the power of our church to take in a whole denomination, ready-made, and on an English non-episcopal pattern, too, and convert it into good African Methodism, loving our traditions comprehending our polity, and taking in our sources of inspiration as well as co-operating in attaining our declared ends, is a matter for discussion. And even if these points be granted, the sequel proves what a respectable number have believed, that the work could never be done under native leaders, themselves strangers to the things they needed to teach, A native bishop like Crowther, trained in the church and civilization he is to carry, may do a great work for the long years of careful preparation in the church and country whose genius he is to represent, removes whatever of alien or resistant thought might have once existed; but only in this way can it be done. And then the civil disabilities complained of by Mr Dwane, such as the State's refusing to recognize his power to ordain ministers and to perform marriages, would even under an ordination about which no discussion or question had arisen, be enforced more rigidly against a native than against an American bishop, by reason of the great prejudice against the native. The other reason alleged by the Rev. Mr. Dwane for his withdrawal, EDITORIALS. 383 withdrawal, that he had been promised moneys which were not forthcoming, simply emphasizes what we have said about the inability of so recent a native comer to understand our system or sympathize with our limitations. Any American African Methodist, even as newborn into the church as our brother across the sea, would have understood that such a large appropriation as he claimed for a new work under the fire of warm discussion, would have to pass the gauntlet of the General Conference, and then have to be raised by special effort afterwards. We sincerely hope he did not leave for that very reason and seek a crib with more corn in sight. Our information is that a faithful few are standing waiting for a leader These will not be deserted, and such action as our experience with Brother Dwane, our ability, and our christianity suggest will be taken in May. In the meantime, Brother Dwane will, if reports as read in the Independent are true, take the ordination that he says he could not use in our church to the Episcopal bishop of South Africa and trade it for a bishopric that will make him leader of a proposed "Ethiopian Episcopal Church." Doubtless, with the funds furnished him by our church so liberally last winter when he visited this country, and with what he had from the Wesleyans when he came to us, he can do much for the Master and more for himself. Under the Negro leadership which he sought only to spurn because its heart was stronger than its bank account - Turner, Gaines, Arnett Tanner, Grant, Lee, Salter, Handy and Derrick - we shall still plod on to the destiny whereunto we are called. GEORGIA TAKES THE CENTER OF THE STAGE. One of the remarkable political occurrences of the year, and coming opportunely in time to be among our Thanksgiving blessings, is the unexpected action of the Georgia House of Representatives in defeating the Hardwick bill intended to disfranchise Negroes without disqualifying the same class of illiterate white voters. Such a stinging rebuke to North Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, and other Southern States by one of their own section and number, must be felt more keenly than any action of Congress or decision of the Supreme Court, because it is a pronouncement of an ally that the public conscience is aroused to the enormity of political immorality and that the true principles of a democratic form of government forbid injustice to even the most defenseless man in the remotest rural district. The debauchment of the wrong-doer is more blasting, permament, and insiduous, than any evil he can fasten upon his victim The thoughtful, fair-minded Southern man who has so long held aloof from the outrages perpetuated upon the faithful black patriots in the Southland, is now fully awake to his concern in every deed, good 384 CHURCH REVIEW. or bad, done in the community and nation; and, in consequence of their awakening, they are courageously combatting the lawless and brutal acts of a vicious rabble and conscienceless politicians. Force of Public Opinion Here is a clear case of the growth of public opinion and conscience. When Booker T. Washington made his matchless appeal to the Louisiana Constitutional Convention for justice and high statesmanship in dealing with this question, his incontrovertable logic was met with the silence of sullen determination, and his fraternal averments with the famous "grandfather" clause. Then followed the outrage of Wilmington and the eager appropriation of that clause by North Carolina as a satisfactory solution of its own way to secure white supremacy. Hard after this came the decision of leading Alabamians to follow in the same path, a decision blocked only by the belief of the Governor that the object could be accomplished without constitutional change or amendment. In all this train of events there was no discordant or dissenting voice. Apparently the South was solid But the condemnation of the great thought-moulding papers of Christian sentiment and of common honesty, was doing its work. Vociferation and defiance began to be abashed before the entrenched position of simple right, and the first fruits of a change heart are seen in the action of Georgia, a State that has in many respects been accounted the Saul of cruel and bitter commonwealths. Mixed Motives. Nor can reactionists glean the poor comfort that this bill failed of passage from temporary, shallow or selfish considerations which may be soon brushed aside, for the reason set forth for the emphatic rejection of the measure are almost entirely moral, and therefore permanent Briefly put, the bill failed because the legislature thought that the "grandfather" clause, which provides that illiterate white men whose fathers or grandfathers could vote in 1867, was unjust and unfair; and that a law looking to the purification of the ballot should be without color or race discrimination. This is the highest ground of action. It is impregnable. There is no reply; and objurgation, invective, epithet-slinging or malediction from the other side can never satisfy itself even that this strong position has been shaken. Whatever may be said as to the influence of the threatened decrease of Southern representation in leading to the vote of 137 against 3 for the defeat of the bill, it is still true that the action has been taken, and that, too, against all Southern precedents, on alleged moral grounds. If the reasons advanced are insincere, it remains that the Georgia legislature recognizes those reasons as the proper ones to put before the world. Therein is great gain. Greater marvels of changed attitude and sentiment are yet to come. EDITORIALS. 385 NEGRO TAXES FOR NEGRO SCHOOLS. A certain Mississippi mayor made his canvass for governor last summer on the platform that it was a waste of money to educate the Negroes and that only the money accruing from their taxes should be used to support their schools. The mayor was defeated, but not so his idea, for there is a well-defined movement on foot to exact his idea into Mississippi law. How inconsistent the abuse of the Negro for being ignorant and the unwillingness to have his ignorance removed! How shallow the statesmanship that sees it is also piling up a nations woe against the day of damnation! How puerile the idea that the money put into making stronger the head and purer the heart of a black man is robbery from the prosperity, happiness and advantage of a white man. Such wisdom, seen by all thoughtful men to be in violation of even sophomoric political economy and of social well-being, is in danger of provoking the derision of the educated and keen visioned members of the very race on whom these Tallyrands of the sibilant state of Mississippi seek to impress the superior efficiency of the Caucasian. "SPHERES OF INFLUENCE" IN MISSIONARY FIELDS. Modern diplomacy has devised the term "spheres of influence" to designate territory agreed upon as belonging to certain nations and to be free from the interference of others. Would not some such arrangement among Christian bodies work well to obviate the friction, confusion and ill-will that so cripple the effectiveness of missionaries in foreign lands? Indeed a tacit agreement already exists, in some degree, between the Wesleyan and Methodist Episcopal churches in South Africa; and it was the chief complaint of the Wesleyan church when Bishop H. M. Turner, of the African Methodist Episcopal church visited Cape Town and received into his church the Rev. J. M Dwane and 10,000 members from the Wesleyans, that he had violated Christian comity in ignoring an agreement which, though existing formerly between certain denominations, from its very fraternal nature was binding upon all Christian conscience. An important question is opened up. It may be put in the theoretical form as follows: Would it be desirable and helpful for denominations to recognize "spheres of influence" in missionary work? The practical form would be: Can such an arrangement be made? In arguing the theoretical limb, it may be said that the policy of non-interference with fields previously occupied by other evangelical denominations is devoutly to be wished. Much of the feeling that prompts churches to occupy missionary fields is sectarian rather than 386 CHURCH REVIEW. religious zeal, and as such has no place in the propagandism of Christianity among the heathen. There is fundamental truth and there is scholastic truth. Christianity is the former, denominations the latter. Christianity is the life-giving root; denominations are the green branches growing out of that life. What the heathen needs is the fundamental truth, the root, planted in his heart, so that, whether planted by Arminian Paul, or watered by Calvinistic Apollos, the increase will be from God. The heathen has nothing to do with denominational tenets; he cannot understand them. The war and strife of them appeal to his savage mind more strongly than the peace which passeth all understanding; and thus his new religion becomes to him what his heathenism or Mohammedanism was, a system of rites and ceremonies to fight for and hate dissenters for but wholly without the heart-changing and life-ordering power which comes from a spiritually discerned religion. That there is Divine purpose in these contentions of sects and creeds no one can deny. They are like the battles of the stags at mating time in that the stronger and better come off victorious in the end. By this Divine plan of natural selection, God's Church is being perpetually purified to shine more and more unto the perfect day. But this is for an advanced Christianity, not for babes. They need the simple story of the cross, that is all. But if this sectarianism is as natural and divinely ordered as the other struggles of life, how can it be helpful to eliminate it from missionary work in foreign lands? Simply because that is not the place for it. The same God who ordained divisions and thought-friction among men ordained the times and theatres for their activity. "There is a time," "When the fullness of time was come," etc. etc. must not be left out of the plan. Let me illustrate: The United States is trying to bring about orderly and autonomous popular government among the Filipinos. Suppose when they are subdued, we begin our training in the art of government by wild solicitations to support the candidates of either the Republican, Democratic, or Populist party, would they not soon be at each other's throats and be no better Americans for it all than before liberty was brought to them! This is what is happening by the struggle of denominations to win adherents to themselves in the name of Christianity among those who have never heard of Christ. Is it well? All would be changed if we should recognize the religious 'sphere of influence" by respecting the previous occupancy of a sister denomination and seeking, instead, an unoccupied field. Such a concession would remove the provocation of self-defense which is at the root of most doctrinal polemics, and turn the full force of undivided energy upon the problem of heathen Christianization. EDITORIALS. 387 No visible movement looking to this consummation exists just now, so far as I know, but that the tendency is toward fraternity and cooperation, no one observing the signs of the times can doubt. Of course, the presence in many regions of several bodies already might lead to some difficulty of adjustment, not insuperable, however; but a board might be created by the several denominational boards, based upon the plan of common consent, somewhat as the Arbitration Board created by the Hague Peace Commission, now exists; and this board, working in the spirit of Christ, would soon find itself able to parcel out the field so that co-operation instead of rivalry would result. And no one would be the loser either, for with growing light and civilization intelligent consideration of the questions that will arise, would add recruits to all the branches of God's Church; and if from the African or Asiatic cast of mind still another and newer system or sect should spring, who shall say it will not enfold some truth that God witholds for the "fullness of time?" THE GROWTH OF AN IDEA. Twenty seven years ago, or, to be more explicit, in 1872 in the city of Nashville Tenn, Bishop Derrick stood up in the A M. E. General Conference and proposed lay representation in that body. As a result, the church has such representation, and its quality improves with every session; it has lay General Officers whose faithful and competent performance of duty justifies this departure as a policy; and to-day the movement toward fuller recognition of the laity is a general one, found in almost all the churches. The laymen in the Baptist Church have always been the repository of much power, but it has not always been so with Methodism, owing largely to its polity and episcopal form. But the honoring of manhood, aside and apart from the accident of position, is a growing fact whose world-width the twentieth century will reveal more fully than the past. The Methodist Episcopal Church will give equal lay representation in its next General Conference. In electing Prof. I. Garland Penn assistant Epworth League Secretary it essentially followed our action in electing laymen to General positions. This has come as a result of the more general diffusion of intelligence among our membership, and be it said to the credit of the A. M. E. Church and in vindication of its progressiveness that it did not hesitate to recognize the growth in power and capability of its faithful adherents whose zeal and loyalty have sustained every effort of our leaders in orders, past and present. Bishop Derrick has lived to see himself a pioneer in a great world movement of which neither he nor the most conservative co-adjutor need to be alarmed. The time will come when lay delegates will sit 388 CHURCH REVIEW. in the Annual Conference, for the incongruity of allowing laymen to sit in the highest body where the laws are made and refusing them admission to the lower where the reports of what the laymen have done to help carry out the law, cannot always be ignored. The question of final representation will arise in due time with us also, as it has already risen in the mother church. Thus the ever- widening circles of men's thoughts and sympathies take in, in the fullness of time and in the ripeness of judgment more and more of measures and influences working for the uplift of mankind and the greater glory of God. REVIVAL OF MORAL DRAMA. The drama began in the effort to portray the teachings of religion to the eye, having for its sponsor the Church. It was afterwards captured by the devil, but now there are numerous signs that it is returning to its first love and purpose. Among these signs are the dramatization of "Ben Hur" and "Quo Vadis," religious novels. "Quo Vadis" is staged under the name of "The Sign of the Cross." Both of these are touching representations of the Master's influence over the human life, and as such preach a powerful sermon. Many Americans now so time their going to Europe as to see the Passion Play at Ober Ammergan and in the spirit of devoutness, too. It will be remembered that when, some years ago, it was proposed to exhibit the Passion Play in a New York theatre such a storm of protest arose that it was abandoned. But to-day "living pictures" of the life of Christ are being given with great success and apparent spiritual benefit all over the country, and churches are eager to secure the presentations for their congregations. Here is such a distinct change of sentiment that we may well ask if we are to have a change in the theatre to-day and a consequent change of attitude in the church towards it. Shall we live to see in the Twentieth Century 'Paradise Lost" staged and the mighty dramas of the Holy Bible adapted to modern play-acting and presented in costumes and settings for "one hundred nights in London?" Is secularization of the church taking place, or is it the spiritualization of worldly things that is taking place under our view. Following the revision of the Bible has come the revision of belief and creed till Higher Criticism and orthodox theology stand clinched in a struggle that must end in the downfall of one. There can and will be no compromise. EDITORIALS. 389 THE CASE OF PROFESSOR HERRON. Occasionally, even in this age of self-interest and careful computation of the advantage or disadvantage an opinion may beget to its holder, we find men courageous enough to stand up for honest thinking and take the consequences. Such an one seems to be Prof. George B. Herron, late Professor of Applied Chemistry in Iowa College. A year or more ago Prof. Herron startled and shocked the people of Chicago, while serving as supply in one of their churches, by his annunciation of his beliefs that private ownership of material resources is a crime against God and man and nature -- meaning by natural resources, land and its natural appurtenances. This doctrine, essentially that of Henry George, was held to be subversive of the present constitution of economic, social and political life as at present organized, and, therefore, by implication, subversive of order, happiness and civilization. Professor Herron filled a chair in Iowa College endowed by a wealthy lady. It was not only feared that his views would be distasteful to her, but would result in the withholding other financial aid which the college had in expectation. The professor, however, did not abate his views or modify his position on these accounts, feeling that intellectual honesty required him to teach what he thought, rather than what others wanted him to think. The finale is that he has resigned his position, not in a pique, nor even in the role of a martyr, but simply and solely, as he confesses, because his further retention would injure the school. There is a sublimity of thought in the closing sentences of his letter not less high than his action in relieving the College authorities of the embarrassment caused by his presence. Says he: "This common and equal right of all men to the earth and its resources as their common inheritance from God I expect to always and everywhere teach, but I recognize that the constituency of Iowa College is equally sincere in believing such teachings to be dangerous and untrue. Educational institutions, as now organized and supported, dependent as they are on gifts of money from the existing social order, afford no place for the teaching of disturbing social ideas, though it cannot be that human truths that are new will always be outcast and vagabond upon the earth, even when rudely spoken, until accepted and made a part of the past. As college education is now organized, however, I question any man's right to teach that which the college constituency does not want." We do not here raise discussion as to the merits of the doctrine taught. Certainly the progress of Mr, George's social and economic philosophy, as set forth by himself, Louis F. Post and Prof. Herron, is something remarkable and is yet to be reckoned with, in all seriousness, but the point that claims our admiration is that there are still men of the old time stuff who would dare to give up their life (if the 7 390 CHURCH REVIEW. age requires it), and who do cheerfully give up their living (since the age requires it) rather than cease proclaiming the truth as God gives them to see it. Says Professor Herron: "It cannot be that human truths that are new will always be outcast and vagabond upon the earth; even when rudely spoken, until accepted and made a part of the past" These are beautiful words, worthy of the best Emersonian utterances and the widest application. It is a piece of a poem, "Truth crushed to earth will rise again." When men have a mission, a thought, a purpose, a reform laid upon them which the world rejects, let them bravely sever the relation founded in the old order, and launching forth into the deep with abiding faith in God's power to take care of His own, take the suffering that goes with the parturition of ideas as well as of bodies. No man can reasonably expect the unreformed to support and laud the reformer No man can expect society to kiss the rod that smites it. No man, then, should complain at the resistance offered in any reconstructive philosophy. All honor to the manhood, the sweetness and the courage of Prof. Herron. DWIGHT L. MOODY, THE LAYMAN: HIS LIFE AND ITS LESSONS. We wish to consider Mr. Moody's life from a special point of view, one not emphasized by any of the comments we have seen. First, we call attention to the fact that he was a layman, a simple, unordained church member Without formality, without permission, without encouragement, he entered upon the life which made him America's greatest evangelist and not the least powerful of that might quartette of soul-savers and conscience-arousers, Wesley, Whitefield, Finney and Moody. God commissions every man to preach his gospel. Mr. Moody saw the field, he felt the spirit and he began his work. When he first went to Chicago he rented four pews in the church he joined and saw that they were filled by young people whom he persuaded to attend the services. Next he offered to conduct prayer meetings, but the church declined his services. Then he offered himself as a Sunday school teacher and was told he might teach if he would create his own class out of new pupils. He at once drummed up eighteen ragged recruits and began. Then starting a small mission in north Chicago, he saw the work expand so rapidly that he was compelled to rent a large hall to hold the crowds that came to hear him. In 1863, the Lord had so blessed his labors that he be came, though unordained, the pastor of the Illinois Street Church, leaving there in 18657 to begin his unparalleled career of evangelist in Europe and America. EDITORIALS. 391 Here we have a life that touches the poorest at every point, for at one time he gave up his room and slept on the benches of the Y. M. C. A. building. He had little preparation of schools, was ungrammatical, rapid and, at times almost incoherent, in his utterance; but in all and through all he said, even in those unpromising days, shows the zeal and earnestness of a God-called man. Hence his success. If there ever was a life that brings a call to service to the common member of the church who linger idly in the vineyard because "no man hath hired him," Mr Moody's is that life. We can all do if we will. The same opportunities are at all doors today. Shall we see and seize them? THE POSTHUMOUS PEN PORTRAITS BY MARK TWAIN. The novel intention of writing a book now, to be published one hundred years after his death, is announced by Mark Twain. It is to be a series of pen portraits of men whom the author has known, and is to say exactly what he thinks of them. No man could speak out his inmost thoughts concerning all his contemporaries and live; nor could his free, unbiased opinion be published immediately after his death without bringing great damage, danger, embarrassment and obloquy upon his family and friends. Given a hundred years' interval, however, and we should have the whole honest thought of a man without these disadvantages, for his personality would then be sufficiently remote not to excite the malediction. We should all devoutly pray that we may not be deemed worthy of notice in Mr. Clemen's book, for he intimates that he is going to write the portrait of other people because he would be ashamed to look upon his own. 392 CHURCH REVIEW Book Notices The Philadelphia Record Almanac for 1900. A valuable compendium of national and general data. Human Vivisection; A Statement and Inquiry. Chicago, Ill. The American Humane Association. Ulric the Jarl; A Story of the Penitent Thief. By Willion O. Stoddard. New York: Eaton & Mains: 450 pp. $2.50. The National Temperance Almanac for 1900. The National Temperance Society and Publication House, New York. The Empire of the South. Its Resources, Industries and Resorts. The Southern Railway Company. One of the most magnificent advertising publications we have ever seen. The Negro in America Rev R. F. Hurley, D.D. There is very much of sound thought and felicitous expression in this consideration of the Influence of the Negro upon the material, social, moral and political development of the American nation. In Memoriam. Souvenir Memorial of Mrs. Martha E. Turner, wife of Bishop H. M. Turner, D D., D. C. L. A tender tribute to the womanly qualities and christian virtues of a useful member by her pastor, Rev. W. G. Alexander, of Atlanta, Ga. Proceedings of the American Association of Educators of Colored Youth, Detroit, Mich. A little pamphlet of deep interest to the educational world, and which may be had for ten cents, of President S. T. Mitchell, of Wilberforce, Ohio. Winter Adventures of Three Boys in the Great Lone Land. By Egerton R. Young. New York: Eaton & Mains. 377 pp $1 25. This book follows the one entitled "Three Boys in the Wild North Land," but is complete in itself. The best tribute to its absorbing BOOK NOTICES 393 qualities was given by a young member of the editor's family abstracting it from his collection and returning it only when completed. Illustrative Notes. A Guide to the Study of the International Sunday School Lessons for 1900. By Jesse Lyman Hurlbut and Robert Remington Doherty New York: Eaton & Mains. $1.25 These valuable "Notes" have been issued so long, and used do generally by Sunday school workers that no words are needed to set forth their excellence, whether in maps or text. The editors are specialists, full of zeal and learning. The Foundations of the Christian Faith. By Rev. Charles W. Rishell, D.D , New York Eaton & Mains 616 pp. $3.50 This large volume forms No. IX of the "Library of Biblical and Theological Literature" edited by Dr. Geo. R Crooks and Bishop John F. Hurst. A review to do the work even scant justice, must be deferred to a subsequent issue of the A. M. E. CHURCH REVIEW. The Eternal Building: Or the Making of Manhood. By George T. Lemmon, Author of "Better Things for Sons of God." New York: Eaton & Mains 380 pp. The scope, intent and purpose are well set forth in the first sentence of the author's Foreword: "The making of mankind is the greatest business in the world." The book is full of matter valuable for information, recreation and inspiration. The Disfranchisement of the Negro. By John L. Love, Washington: American Negro Academy 15c. This forms "Occasional Paper No 6 of the Academy publications, and is a very able attack upon the measure now becoming popular in working the elimination of the Negro from the political arena. The author has studied his question carefully and gives eminent authorities to support his argument. The immorality of laws phrased in masked terms and executed in uncandor and fraud is too plain to be disputed and the heritage of debauchment to the public conscience will be very real, very large and very disastrous in the years to come. The Negro Academy is giving to the world these valuable papers from time to time, and they must, because of their valuable date gathered and ability displayed form the groundwork of important historical and sociological studies in the future. Frederick Douglass. By Charles W. Chestnutt, Boston: Small, Maynard & Co, 141 pp. 75 cents. Small Maynard & Co., Boston, are issuing a series of biographies of eminent Americans of a size convenient to carry in the pocket and capable of being read even by a busy man. This, the fourth in the series has been wisely entrusted to the sympathetic and graphic pen of Mr. Charles W. Chestnutt, of Cleveland, Ohio, a fellow-race man with Mr. Douglass and a rising star in the literary firmament. 394 CHURCH REVIEW. Mr. Chestnutt is the author, as is well known, of "The Conjure Woman," and "The Wife of My Youth," both of which have emerged from the modern deluge of fiction to enjoy the public favor that only excellence and freshness can secure in these days. Most of his active life, we understand has been spent in the supposed hard and unimaginative atmosphere of business environments that would not seem to invite, encourage or sustain the fine literary instinct that Mr. Chestnutt undoubtedly possesses in a very high degree There is a fine grouping of expression and an unexpected snappy completeness in the sentences of Mr. Chestnutt's Life of Douglass that makes us read it for the author rather than the subject. The facts in Mr. Douglass' life are as well-known to the average scholar as to the writer of this book, but they receive the enhancement which a good writer gives to the most discussed matters The Future of the American Negro. By Booker T. Washington. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co. 244 pp. $1.50. Everything Mr. Washington writes is read. Certainly his book will be no exception, representing the most carefully sifted expression of his views ever placed before the public. It will hereafter be the authoritative reference when, as has been true in the past, colored critics have stated for debate his position. Usually in those discussions it has been very hard to state just what Mr. Washington held with relation to higher education, one person quoting one fragment, another seeming to indicate an opposite view, and no one was able because of the scattered mediums of his expressions, to bring the whole into one instantaneous view resulting in the harmony of consistency. We shall have that trouble no longer. One thing is established, even to the most cursory reader, and that is that Mr. Washington does not oppose higher education for the Negro. His views on politics will naturally excite more dissent than any other, for it touches a great question and these views arraign the wisdom of reconstruction measures. But all must accord to the distinguished author singular force, ability and directness of statement as well as sincere desire to benefit his race and nation. Impugning a man's motives is an easy and, to envious people, a favorite mode of attack; but fair men, however much they might desire to see him in the role of a radical martyr, must acknowledge the eminent service Mr. Washington's conservatism and prudence have wrought for the under strata, both white and black, of Southern life. The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study. By W. E. B. DuBois, Ph. D. Sometime Assistant in Sociology in the University of Pennsylvania. Author of "The Suppression of the African Slave Trade." Together with A Special Report on Domestic Service by Isabel BOOK NOTICES. 395 Eaton, A. M. Fellow of the College Settlement Association. Ginn & Co., Boston In paper, $2.00, in cloth, $2.50. At last we have a volume of the highest scientific value on a sociological subject and written by a Negro. If anything can emphasize the entrance upon a new era which our American race and economic problems are now undergoing, this book does it. Wrought out under the highest auspices and compiled from facts of his own securing, Dr. DuBois has established not only his thorough training and scholastic competency to speak with authority in all matters of this kind, but shown as well an artistic touch of pen and judicial equipoise of mind that come not so much from training as from natural cost of mind In other words, he re-enforces his excellent opportunities by having the scientific instinct. This was shown by an incident that took place in the writer's presence just about the time Dr. DuBois was beginning his investigations. A bishop of one of the churches said to him, "Dr. DuBois, I see you have been engaged by the University of Pennsylvania to gather statistics concerning the Negroes of Philadelphia. See to it that you make a good showing for us." "I hope the showing will be good," was the reply, "but it must be shaped by the facts, not by me" And here we have the key to his treatment throughout. Intruding himself the least, he has crammed his book full facts, figures, analyses and deductions, uncolored and unbiased, thus making this a reference work and mine of information from which all sides may draw impartially. Not the lawyer nor the advocate, he is the expert whose labors the advocate must draw upon to make his case. This is not a book to be reviewed in the limited space of one issue of a crowded periodical such as ours. It must be digested by long study and discussed at a length that would transgress ordinary REVIEW space if pressed into a single issue. Yet so important is it that the masses of thoughtful men who will never see it ought to have some glimpse of its contents. We propose, therefore, to take it up in subsequent issues and give our opinion of what some of the facts mean to us His history of the colored churches in Philadelphia, and his delineations of the shortcomings of the Negro church will furnish page of interesting reading, and while many will deprecate the independence which permits the severe criticism of the author, it will be found that the philosopher and not the Negro has penned the views. However drastic a medicine, however heroic a treatment, however iconoclastic a view, we are of the class that believe in a man's full statement of a whole truth as he sees it. If we disagree, the same freedom of expression accorded the other, belongs to us - a freedom we shall use in further consideration of the book. Without saying more upon the matter till a later issue, we desire to urge upon our thinkers the absolute security of adding this book to your library. THE BLICKENSDERFER TYPEWRITER Is the MODERN MACHINE at a MODERATE PRICE. The Ideal Machine for Clergymen. No. 5 - $35.00 No. 7 - $50.00 The BLICKENSDERFER is the most portable high grade typewriter made, and has the greatest number of convenient features embodied in its construction ever combined in a typewriter. Call at the Company's office and examine, or send for catalogue. 1002 CHESTNUT ST., PHILA., PA. Reference: PROF. H.T. KEALING and REV. T. W. HENDERSON, D.D. The American Engraving and Designing Co. Photo-Engravers Portraits. Building. Landscapes. Best Process. Low Prices. Artistic Finish. Better and Cheaper than Photographs. Try our Portraited Visiting Cards. No. 917 Arch St., Phila., Pa. GOOD He is a Negro Who has discovered the greatest HAIR and SKIN wonder of the age. It makes the hair grow. Stops it from breaking off and falling out. Removes dandruff and tetter, makes the hair soft, straight and glossy. It also brightens the skin, from one to two shades. Removes the tan, bumps, freckles, pimples, and cures chapped hands and lips. A trial is all that is asked to prove its merits. PRICE per box, $1.00. Sample boxes, 50 cents, postage prepaid. Send money by express or P.O. Money Order. Full directions sent with all orders. Address, S.S. FURR, 135 Lombard St., Phila. Pa. AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL PUBLISHING HOUSE 631 PINE ST., PHILA. BE SURE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR THE CHRISTIAN RECORDER QUARTERLY REVIEW $1.00 Per Year, $1. Per Year, This is your own building. We do Job Printing of all kinds from a Festival ticket to a book of any size. Send and get our estimates before going elsewhere. T. W. HENDERSON, D.D., Manager. [Vol. XVI, No. 9] September, 1900. THE WESTERN WORLD. THE AMERICAN CLUB WOMAN. What Colored Women Have Done. THE FEDERATION'S ATTITUDE. By Mary Church Terrell, President of the National Association of Colored Women. Should anyone ask what special phase of the negro's development makes me most hopeful of his ultimate triumph over present obstacles, I should answer unhesitatingly, it is the magnificent work the women are doing to regenerate and uplift the race. Judge the future of colored women by the past since their emancipation, and neither they nor their friends have any cause for anxiety. For years, either banding themselves into small companies or struggling alone, colored women have worked with might and main to improve the condition of their people. The necessity of systematizing their efforts and working on a larger scale became apparent not many years ago and they decided to unite their forces. Thus it happened that in the summer of 1896 the National Association of Colored Women was formed by the union of two large organizations, each of which has done much to show our women the advantage of concerted action. So tenderly has this daughter of the organized womanhood of the race been nurtured and so wisely ministered unto, that it has grown to be a child hale, hearty and strong, of which its fond mothers have every reason to be proud. Handicapped though its members have been, because they lacked both money and experience, their efforts have, for the most part, been crowned with success in the twenty-six states where it has been represented. Kindergartens have been established by some of our organizations from which encouraging reports have come. A sanitarium with a training school for nurses has been set on such a firm foundation by the Phyllis Wheatley club of New Orleans, Louisiana, and has proved itself to be such a blessing to the entire community that the municipal government has voted it an annual appropriation of several hundred dollars. By the Tuskegee, Alabama, branch of the association the work of bringing the light of knowledge and the gospel of cleanliness to their poor benighted sisters on the plantations has been conducted with signal success. Their efforts have thus far been confined to four estates, comprising thousands of acres of land, on which live hundreds of colored people, yet in the darkness of ignorance and the grip of sin, miles away from churches and schools. Plans for aiding the indigent, orphaned and aged have been projected and in some instances have been carried into successful execution. One club in Memphis, Tennessee, has purchased a large tract of land, on which they intend to erect an old folk's home, part of the money for which has already been raised. Splendid service has been rendered by the Illinois Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, through whose instrumentality schools have been visited, truant children looked after, parents and teachers urged to co-operate with each other, rescue and reform work engaged in, so as to reclaim unfortunate women and tempted girls, public institutions investigated, garments cut, made and distributed to the needy poor. Questions affecting our legal status as a race are sometimes agitated by our women. In Tennessee and Louisiana colored women have several times petitioned the legislature of their respective states to repeal the obnoxious Jim Crow car laws. In every way possible we are calling attention to the barbarity of the convict lease system, of which negroes and especially the female prisoners are the principal victims, with the hope that the conscience of the country may be touched and this stain on its escutcheon be forever wiped away. Against the one room cabin we have inaugurated a vigorous crusade. When families of eight or ten men, women and children are all huddled promiscuously together in a single apartment, a condition common among our poor all over the land, there is little hope of inculcating morality and modesty. And yet in spite of the fateful heritage of slavery, in spite of the manifold pitfalls and peculiar temptations to which our girls are subjected, and though the safeguards usually thrown around maidenly youth and innocence are in some sections entirely withheld from colored girls, statistics compiled by men not inclined to falsify in favor of my race show that immorality among colored women is not so great as among women in some foreign countries who are equally ignorant, poor and oppressed. Believing that it is only through the home that a people can become really good and truly great the National Association has entered that sacred domain. Homes, more homes, better homes, purer homes is the text upon which sermons have been and will be preached. There has been a determined effort to have heart to heart talks with our women that we may strike at the root of evils, many of which lie at the fireside. If the women of the dominant race, with all the centuries of education, culture and refinement back of them, with all the wealth of opportunity ever present with them, feel the need of a mother's congress, that they may be enlightened upon the best methods of rearing their children and conducting their homes, how much more do our women, from whom shackles have but yesterday been stricken, need information on the same vital subjects. And so the association is working vehemently to establish mother's congresses on a small scale, wherever our women can be reached. From this brief and meager account of the work which has been and is still being accomplished by colored women through the medium of their clubs, it is easy to observe how earnest and effective have been their efforts to elevate their race. No people need ever despair whose women are fully aroused to the duties which rest upon them and are willing to shoulder responsibilities which they alone can successfully assume. The scope of our endeavors is constantly widening. Into the various channels of generosity and beneficence we are entering more and more every day. Some of our women are now urging their clubs to establish day nurseries, a charity of which there is an imperative need. Thousands of our wage-earning mothers with large families dependent almost entirely upon them for support are obliged to leave their children all day, entrusted to the care of small brothers and sisters, or some good-natured neighbor who promises much but who does little. Some of these infants are locked alone in the room from the time the mother leaves in the morning, until she returns at night. Not long ago I read in a southern newspaper that an infant thus locked along in a room all day, while its mother went out to wash, had cried itself to death. When 10 THE WESTERN WORLD. September, 1900. one reflects upon the slaughter of the innocents which is occurring with pitiless persistency every day and thinks of the multitudes who are maimed for live or are rendered imbecile because of the treatment received during their helpless infancy, it is evident that by establishing day nurseries colored women will render one of the greatest services possible to humanity and to the race. Nothing lies nearer the heart of colored women than the children. We feel keenly the need of kindergartens and are putting forth earnest efforts to honey-comb this country with them from one extremity to the other. The more unfavorable the environments of children the more necessary is it that steps be taken to counteract baleful influences upon innocent victims. How imperative is it then that as colored women we inculcate correct principles and set good examples for our own youth whose little feet will have so many thorny paths of temptation, injustice and prejudice to tread. So keenly alive is the National association to the necessity of rescuing our little ones whose evil nature alone is encouraged to develop and whose noble qualities are deadened and dwarfed by the very atmosphere which they breath, that its officers are trying to raise money with which to send out a kindergarten organizer, whose duty it shall be to arouse the conscience of our women and to establish kindergartens wherever means therefor can be secured. Through the children of to-day we believe we can build the foundation of the next generation upon such a rock of morality, intelligence and strength, that the floods of proscription, prejudice and persecution may descend upon it in torrents and yet it will not be moved. We hear a great deal about the race problem and how to solve it. The real solution of the race problem lies in the children, both so far as we who are oppressed and those who oppress us are concerned. Some of our women who have consecrated their lives to the elevation of their race feel that neither individuals nor organizations working toward this end should be entirely satisfied with their efforts unless some of their energy, money or brain is used in the name and for the sake of the children. The National association has chosen as its motto: Lifting as We Climb. In order to live strictly up to this sentiment, its members have determined to come into the closest possible touch with the masses of our women, through whom the womanhood of our people is always judged. It is unfortunate, but it is true that the dominant race in this country insists upon gauging the negro's worth by his most illiterate and vicious representatives rather than by the more intelligent and worthy classes. Colored women of education and culture know that they cannot escape altogether the consequences of the acts of their most depraved sisters. They see that even if they were wicked enough to turn a deaf ear to the call of duty, both policy and self-preservation demand that they go down among the lowly, the illiterate and even the vicious, to whom they are bound by the ties of race and sex and put forth every possible effort to reclaim them. By coming into close touch with the masses of our women it is possible to correct many of the evils which militate so seriously against us and inaugurate the reforms, without which, as a race, we cannot hope to succeed. Through the clubs we are studying the labor question and are calling the attention of our women to the alarming rapidity with which the negro is losing ground in the world of labor. If this movement to withhold employment from him continues to grow, the race will soon be confronted by a condition of things disastrous and serious, indeed. We are preaching in season and out that it is the duty of every wage-earning colored woman to become thoroughly proficient in whatever work she engages, so that she may render the best service of which she is capable, and thus do her part toward establishing a reputation for excellent workmanship among colored women. Our clubs over the country are being urged to establish schools of domestic science. It is believed that by founding schools in which colored girls could be trained to be skilled domestics, we should do more toward solving the labor question as it affects our women, than by using any other means it is in our power to employ. We intend to lay the negro's side of the labor question clearly before our large-hearted broad-minded sisters of the dominant race and appeal to them to throw their influence on the right side. We shall ask that they train their children to be broad and just enough to judge men and women by their intrinsic merit rather than by the adventitious circumstances of race or color or creed. Colored women are asking the white mothers of the land to teach their children that when they grow to be men and women, if they deliberately prevent their fellow creatures from earning an honest living by closing their doors of trade against them, the Father of all men will hold them responsible for the crimes which are the result of their injustice and for the human wrecks which the ruthless crushing of hope and ambition always makes. Through our clubs colored women hope to improve the social atmosphere by showing the enormity of the double standard of morals, which teaches that we should turn the cold shoulder upon a fallen sister, but greet her destroyer with open arms and a gracious smile. The duty of setting a high moral standard and living up to it devolves upon colored women in a peculiar way. False accusations and malicious slanders are circulated against them constantly, both by the press and by the direct descendants of those who in years past were responsible for the moral degradation of their female slaves. In our efforts to work out our own salvation we have heartily applauded by our white sisters. Until the recent unfortunate occurrence at Milwaukee they have uniformly extended the members of our clubs the proper courtesy at all their great national conventions. On several occasions fraternal delegates from the National association have been sent to the conventions of the National Council of Women and National Women Suffrage association, by whose officers and members they were cordially welcomed. As president of the National Association of Colored Women, I have twice had the honor of addressing a convention of the National Women Suffrage association, held in Washington which is, to all intents and purposes, a southern city, and on both occasions I was treated with the greatest courtesy by everybody. In refusing to receive a delegate from a colored woman's club at its fifth biennial, the General Federation has taken a long step backward, I feel sure, however, that on its sober thought it will not be so unjust and unkind as to exclude colored women's clubs. Efforts have been made in the past to debar colored women from local white women's clubs even in the broad and liberal west. But whenever the attempt was made, the brain and culture of those clubs arose in their majesty and might and throttled it. I have no doubt that the question of admitting colored women's clubs to the General Federation will be eventually settled according to the eternal principles of right and justice, rather than according to the unworthy behests of prejudice and arrogance. Experiences such as occurred at the fifth biennial of the General Federation are bitter and hard for colored women to bear, but we are not therefore sitting supinely by with folded hands, drooping heads and weeping eyes. In every way possible we are up and doing whenever a word may by spoken for principle or a hand lifted to aid. Carefully and conscientiously we shall study the questions which affect the race most deeply and directly. Against the convict lease system, the Jim Crow car laws, lynchings and all other barbarities which degrade us, we shall protest with such force of logic and intensity of soul that those who oppress us will either cease to disavow the inalienability and equality of human rights, or be ashamed to openly violate the very principles upon which this government was founded. By discharging our obligation to the children, by coming into the closest possible touch with the masses of our people, by studying the labor question as it affects the race, by establishing schools of domestic science, by setting a high moral standard and living up to it, by purifying the home, colored women will render their race a service whose value it is not in my power to estimate or express. The National association is being cherished with such loyality and zeal by our women that there is every reason to hope it will soon become the power for good, the tower of strength and the source of inspiration to which it is destined. And so lifting as we climb, onward and upward we go, struggling and striving and hoping that the buds and blossoms of our desires will burst into glorious fruition ere long. With courage born of success achieved in the past, with a keen sense of the responsibility which we must continue to assume we look forward to the future, large with promise and hope. Seeking no favors because of our color or patronage because of our needs, we knock at the bar of justice and ask for an equal chance. ARTS AND CRAFTS EXCHANGE. Out of the exhibit of arts and crafts that formed so attractive a part of the Milwaukee biennial there is likely to grow a permanent arts and crafts exchange to be managed under the auspices of the General Federation of Women's Clubs. The plans are only tentative as yet and have hardly gotten beyond the stage of mere suggestion, but if the idea is carried out it will mean a further development of the textile industries that in various parts of the country are being fostered largely through the efforts of clubwomen. Here and there, following the example of Mrs. Helen Albee, who started the Abnakee rug industry among the country women of New Hampshire, other women of artistic taste and technical skill are leading the workers of "hooked" rugs away from the hideous pink puppy and blue rose patterns to conventional designs done in harmonious shades. The task is not an easy one since the conventional design rarely appeals to eyes trained to a love of bright colored "realism" but once a market is created for the better rug the deed is done. The Arts and Crafts exhibit not only stimulated interest but strengthened the market, as many orders were taken for both the Yankee rugs and the hand woven fabrics from the south—the latter bring the industry in which the originator of the idea of an arts and crafts exchange—Mrs. E. Lindsay Johnson of Atlanta—is deeply interested. All the members of the General Federation Art Committee are interested in the new idea, while Mrs. S. S. Frackleton of Milwaukee, who arranged the Arts and Crafts exhibit of the biennial, will be one of the leaders in the new movement if it is put into operation. The Racine clubwomen are at work on their plans for the state meeting, and the social side of the convention will be emphasized, as it is held by the club leaders in Wisconsin to be no insignificant part of such gatherings. but rather one of the best avenues through which clubwomen from widely separated districts and of widely divergent types come into the personal contact with each other that tends towards the broadening effect of mind and spirit that is the fundamental aim of club life. So there will be at least one elaborate reception, which smaller affairs are also being planned for. In Milwaukee the only club activity during the summer was that manifested by the Woman's Club, which for six weeks maintained a vacation school at the cost of about $1,200, the money being raised in the club. Over 400 children from the poorest corps of thoroughly competent teachers was in charge, the clubwomen attending to the decoration of the school rooms, the finances and to the weekly excursions to the near-by points of interest, which were among the most valuable as well as the most popular functions of the school. This is the second year of the school's existence and the Woman's Club is so well satisfied with the success of the experiment that it is proposing to run two schools of the same sort next year. less people. When one thinks of the slaughter of the innocents which is occurring with pitiless persistency every day, and of the countless thousands maimed for life on account of neglect or cruel treatment during their helpless infancy, it is evident that by establishing day nurseries colored women will render one of the greatest services possible to humanity and the race. The National Association of Colored Women has chosen as its motto, "Lifting as We Climb." In order to live up to this sentiment its members have determined to come into the closest possible touch with the masses of our women, by whom, whether we will or no, the womanhood of our people will always be judged. It is unfortunate but it is true that a majority of the dominant race in this country insists upon judging the negro by his lowest and most vicious representatives instead of by the more intelligent and worthy classes. It is, therefore, a of the greatest importance that more favored colored women should try to influence for good their illiterate and unfortunate sisters, thru whom it is possible to correct many of the evils which militate so seriously against us and inaugurate the reforms without which as a race we can not hope to succeed. Thru the medium of clubs and by individual effort the attention of our women is being called to the alarming rapidity with which the negro is losing ground in the world of labor. If this movement to withhold employment from him continues to grow, we shall soon be confronted with a condition of things disastrous and serious indeed. We are showing our women how fatal it will be to their highest best interests of their children, if the negro does not soon build up a reputation for reliability and proficiency. We are preaching in season and out that it should be a part of the religion of every wage earning colored woman to become thoroughly proficient in whatever work she engages, so that she may render the best service of which she is capable, and thus do her part toward establishing a reputation for excellent workmanship among colored women. Our clubs are being urged to establish schools of domestic science as soon as their means will permit. By founding institutions in which colored women and girls could be trained to be skilled domestics, we should do more to solve the labor question, so far as it affected our women, than by using any other means it is in our power to employ. Explain the situation as we may, the fact remains that trades and avocations which formerly belonged almost exclusively to colored people by common consent are now gradually slipping from their grasp. Depressing tho the situation may be, colored women are not sitting supinely by with folded hands, drooping heads and weeping eyes, but they are doing everything in their power to smooth out the rough roads of labor, over which tiny feet that now patter in play may soon stumble and fall. To our own youth, to our own tradesmen we are preaching reliability and thorough proficiency. We are also appealing to our large-hearted broad- minded sisters of the dominant race. We are asking that they both observe themselves and teach their children to respect the lofty principles of justice and humanity upon which this government was founded and of which their own consciences approve. We are asking also that they train their children to be broad and just enough to judge men and women by their intrinsic merit, rather than by the adventitious circumstance of race or color or creed. Colored mothers are asking their white sisters to teach their children that when they grow to be men and women, if they deliberately prevent dwarfed by the atmosphere which they breathe, that the officers of the association are now trying to secure means by which to send out a kindergarten organizer whose duty it shall be both to arouse the conscience of our women and to establish kindergartens. wherever the means therefor can be secured. And so, lifting as we climb, onward and upward we go, struggling and striving and hoping that the buds and blossoms of our desires will burst into glorious fruition ere long. With courage, born of success achieved in the past, with a keen sense of the responsibility which we shall continue to assume, we look forward to a future large with promise and hope. Seeking no favors because of color, nor patronage because of our needs, we knock at the bar of justice, asking an equal chance. China, and a few months ago, the sunrise emblem, followed by the Stars and Stripes, the Union Jack, and the tricolor of France, the eagles of the czar and the kaiser, entered the gates of Pekin, bringing relief not only to the imprisoned legations, but to anxious and expectant Christendom. Despised peoples, like the Jews, the Goths, the Saxons, the Japanese, the Chinese and the African, have had and will have a great part in this world's history. Against her will, certainly with no foresight on the part of many of our statesmen, America has been drawn by the course of events into the very central area of the world's politics. The leading movements of human history first gathered about the shores of the Euphrates, then along the banks of the Nile, then along the coasts of the Mediterranean, and a thousand years after Rome fell, the New World was picked up "by the kingdom of rig[?]usness, the golden commonwealth of brotherhood, thereby eclipsing the shining prophecy of Philips at the opening of the war, of a time when the world shall see "under our banner, all tongues, all creeds, all races, one brotherhood, and on the banks of the Potomac, the Genius of Liberty, robed in light, many stars for her diadem broken chains under her feet, and an olive branch in her right hand." "KEEPING AT IT." Theme of Eloquent and Inspiring Closing Address by President F.A. Noble. "Keeping at It" was the theme of the closing address by the president of the association, Dr. F. A. Noble, of Chicago, Ill. He said: For two days and more we have been on the mount of transfiguration. We have seen Jesus with His garments white as the light and His face shining like the sun. We have heard the voices of Moses and Elijah, the mighty lawgiver and the clear-eyed and dauntless prophet. In a few moments it will all be over, and we shall descend from this hight of lofty intercourse and splendid vision. When we go down, what shall we find? We shall find what Peter and James and John found when they went down from the place of exalted privilege to which they had been brought by the guiding hand of the Master. We shall find tears and sorrow. We shall find pleading distress. We shall find bodies in the grip of serious ailment and minds bewildered and uncertain. thru ignorance, and hearts wrung to the point of agony. We shall find millions, especially the millions in whose welfare we are directly concerned, suffering grievously under the disabilities which have been imposed upon them by injustice, prejudice and greed. So it has been from the outset. For a full half century, the members of this association have been coming together in annual session, listening to their sermons, rendering their reports, making their appeals, formulating their policies, passing their resolutions, electing their officers, and then, with knowledge broadened and interest stimulated and, as they trusted, with God's benediction resting on them, going back home only to discover the same old problems to be solved and the same old tasks to be done. Always down at the foot of the mount, it has been sore pain to be relieved and efficient help to be rendered. But while there has been no change in this respect, there has yet been a mighty change in the conditions and possibilities of the work. For forty years ago something happened. The madness which portends destruction seized upon the minds of the leaders of the South. The high resolve that the threats of slavery should not be permitted to intimidate, and that the aggressions of slavery should be endured, took possession of the heart of the North. On the 6th of November, 1860, Abraham Lincoln, a man ordained of God to a great service and a great destiny, was elected to the presidency of the United States. That put a new face on affairs. the Declaration of Independence was to be no longer a string of what Rufus Choate called "glittering generalities." When the [*my address*] [*[10*] TH[?] sweep, dust, cook, wash, and iron are given, together with other instruction concerning household affairs. Against the one-room cabin we have inaugurated a vigorous crusade. When families of eight or ten men, women and children are all huddled promiscuusly together in a single apartment, a condition of things found among our poor all over the land, there is little hope of inculcating morality and modesty. And yet, in spite of these environments which are so destructive of virtue, in spite of the fatal heritage of slavery, and tho the safeguards usually thrown around maidenly youth and innocence are in some sections entirely withheld from colored girls, statistics compiled by men not inclined to falsify in favor of my race, show that immorality among colored women is not so great as among women similarly situated in countries like Austria, Italy, Germany, Sweden, and France. Questions affecting our legal status as a race are also agitated by our women. In Tennessee and Louisiana, colored women have several times petitioned the legislatures of their respective states, to repeal the obnoxious Jim Crow Car laws. Nor will any stone be left unturned, until this iniquitous and unjust enactment be forever wiped from the statues of the South. In every way possible we are calling attention to the Barbarity of the convict lease system, of which negroes, and especially the female prisoners, are the principal victims, in the hope that the conscience of the country may be touched, and this stain upon its escutcheon be forever wiped away. Magnificent service has been rendered by the Illinois Federation of Colored Women's clubs, thru whose instrumentality schools have been visited, truant children looked after parents and teachers urged to co-operate with each other, public institutions investigated, rescue and reform work engaged in, in order to uplift unfortunate women and tempted girls, garments cut, made and distributed to the needy poor. By the Phyllis Wheatly club of New Orleans, La. a sanitarium with a training school for nurses has been set on such a firm foundation and has given such abundant evidence of its utility, and necessity that the municipal government of this Southern city has voted it an annual appropriation of several hundred dollars, which we hope will soon be increased. Dotted all over the country are charitable institutions which have been established by colored women. Just how many it is impossible to state. Among the institutions founded, conducted or supported by colored women, may be mentioned the Hale Infirmary, of Montgomery, Ala., the Carrie Steele Orphanage, of Atlanta, the Reed Orphan Home of Covington, the Haines Industrial school of Augusta, all in the state of Georgia, in Massachusetts, St. Monica's Home of Boston, and a Home for the Aged of Both Races in New Bedford; an Olf Folks' Home in Memphis, Tenn., a Colored Orphans' Home in Lexington, Ky., together with others about which lack of time forbids me to speak. In various sections of the country our women are being aroused to the necessity of establishing day nurseries for the infants of working women. Thousands of our wage-earning mothers with large families dependent almost entirely upon them for support are obliged to leave their infants all day, to be cared for either by young brothers and sisters, who do not know how to attend to them properly, or by some good- natured neighbor, who promises much, but who does little. Many of these infants are locked alone in the room from the time the mother leaves in the morning until she returns at night. Not long ago I read in a Southern newspaper that an infant thus locked alone in a room all day while [?] mother went out to wash had cried itself to death. Recently I have [?] visiting a day nursery for [?] of [?]rking women, and [?] at the miserable [?]umanity brought [?]d been obliged their fellow creatures from earning an honest living by closing the doors of trade against them, the Father of all men will hold them responsible for the crimes which are the result of their injustice and for the human wrecks which the ruthless crushing of hope and ambition always makes. In the name of American childhood, black childhood as well as white, colored women are asking their white sisters to do all in their power to make the future of our boys and girls as bright and as promising as should be that of every child born in a country which owes its existence to the love of liberty in the human heart. In business colored women have achieved signal success, in spite of the obstacles encountered. In Alabama there is a large milling and cotton business owned and controlled by a colored woman, who has sometimes as many as seventy-five men in her employ. Until quite recently the largest ice plant in Halifax, Nova Scotia, was owned and controlled by a colored woman. In the professions we have dentists and doctors whose practice is lucrative and large. Ever since a book was published in 1773 entitled Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral, by Phyllis Wheatley, negro servant of John Wheatley of Boston, colored women have from time to time given abundant evidence of literary ability. In sculpture we are represented by a woman upon whose chisel Italy has set her seal of approval; in painting by one of Bougereau's pupils, whose work was exhibited in a recent Paril salon and in music by young women holding diplomas from the best conservatories in the land. But nothing lies nearer the heart of our women than the children, many of whose lives so sad and dark we might brighten and bless. We feel keenly the need of kindergarten. Free kindergartens in every city and hamlet of this broad land, we must have if our children are to receive from us what it is our duty to give. Already during the past few years, kindergartens have been established, and successfully maintained by several organizations of the National association. We hope that their worthy example will be emulated till no branch of our work shall the children of the poor, at least, be deprived of those blessings which flow from the kindergarten alone. The more unfavorable the environments of children the more necessary is it that steps be taken to counteract baleful influences upon innocent victims. How imperative is it then, that as colored women, we inculcate correct principles and set good examples for our own youth, whose little feet will have so many thorny paths of prejudice, temptation and injustice to treat. The colored youth is vicious, we are told, and statistics showing the multitude of our boys and girls who crowd penitentiaries and fill the jails, appall and dishearten us. But side by side with these facts and figures of crime, I would have presented and pictured the miserable hovels from which these youthful criminals come. Make a tour of the settlements of colored people, who, in many cities, are relegated to the most nolsome sections permitted by the municipal government, and behold the mites of humanity who infest them. Here are our little ones, the future representatives of the race, fairly drinking in the pernicious, example of their elders, coming incontact with nothing but ignorance and vice, till at the age of six, evil habits are formed which no amount of civilizing or Christianizing can ever completely break. We are listening to the cry of our children. In imitation of the example set by the great Teacher of men, who could not offer himself as a sacrifice until he had made an eternal plea for innocent, helpless childhood, colored women are everywhere reaching out after the waifs and strays, who, without their aid may be doomed to lives of evil and shame. So keenly alive are we to the necessity of rescuing our little ones, whose noble [?]ities are deadened and Who are the practical people, judged by historical results? They who are deemed idealists, and who aim at divine and far-reaching effects. Missions to degraded races are the most colossal piece of idealism in the world. Prosperous selfishness has always sneered at them. It is one of the evil results of luxury, moral indifference, and increasing age that very many people cease to be brave dreamers; they have abandoned youthful visions, and no longer live in the future, aspiring toward ideal goals. Oh, how many of the middle-aged in our cities have lost themselves in losing their brave and shining hopes, and their God-kindled aspirations! Unconsciously they have become degenerate, and are reverting toward lower types. The great exceptions are those who toil for celestial ends, in whose eyes gleams the splendid light of optimism. I find that Christian ministers are usually optimists, however old or young they may be. I speak today to a company of optimists, who, after all, are the most efficient workers for the prosperity of the churches at home, for you well know that is missions are neglected and pushed aside, the work of the home church goes down like a column of mercury touched by the Northern blast. I find that professors in Christian colleges are rational optimists if they keep their hears close to the life of the young, and so are all toilers for missions, And it is a historical fact that these are the personalities who have pushed forward the progress of the race. What a different atmosphere the missionary cause now breathes from that of five years ago, and especially from that of fifty or a hundred years ago! We are getting into wider and clearer air. We stand on loftier summits, and look toward broader horizons. Not only has our Republic been lifted into a dazzling eminence in the politics of the world, but all missions have taken on a new aspect and are seen in their true relations as vital to the regeneration of mankind. What are called "secular events," the founding of the East Indian company, the British conquest of India, and the occupancy of Egypt; the war in the Soudan, the opening of the ports of Japan and China, the battle of Manila, the expulsion of Spain from the East and West Indies, the formation of the Congo Free State, the building of Chinese railroads, the annexation of Hawaii, the perfecting of the steamship, the invention of the telegraph, the laying of submarine cables, the series of international expositions, the establishment of international news agencies, the moral federation of Anglo-Saxon peoples, the authorized publication of Sanscrit texts of the ancient Hindu Scriptures, and the growing unrest in comparative theology, Lincoln's Proclamation of Emancipation, the purchase of Alaska, like the previous purchase of Louisiana, are all now seen to have vital relations to the expanding kingdom of God. For the line which separates secular and sacred history is becoming invisible like the line between home and foreign missions. Is America sorry for any good which she has wrought for the African, the Indian, and the Chinese, in our country? Is American regretful for what she has already accomplished for good in the Orient? Are we not happy in all that we have done for the Japanese, whom we once considered inferior? Their educational and political regeneration, their moral and commercial uprising, their present status among civilized powers, are due largely to the Christian leaven which America's hand cast into the life of the great archipelago. The first address which I made in Japan was in a church in Kobe, and above the pulpit were crossed two of the red and white banners of the Japanese empire. I felt a deep sympathy with Japanese patriotism, and joy that the sun of righteousness had shed new light on the old flag. There is rich promise for Asia's future in the spirit and progress of the "despised dwarfs," as their Chinese enemies stigmatize them. Their flag has conquered ??? glories of the Orient" only thru that light which has pierced the darkness and barbarism of so many of her Pacific archipelagoes. The church intends that the Bible shall do its glorious work in the hearts of these peoples from Porto Rico to Luzon. That is what we are met here for. Friends, let us help to bring the whole church into a new psychological state. There is moral energy enough in Christendom now latent to evangelize our country and the whole globe in the coming century, or to begin that evangelization in every village and city of the world. O how we need a revival of systematic beneficence; it ought to be a part of the twentieth century Gospel; it ought to be so enjoined as almost to be a condition of church membership. The Alsatian pastor, John Frederick Oberlin, would not permit even his peasant boys and girls to come to the Holy Communion until they had furnished evidence of having planted two trees in their rock-strewn valley. It is for us to plant and nourish trees of ample verdure and more enduring beneficence, whose leaves and fruit shall be for the healing of the nations. We need to perceive the unity of all the branches of church work, to see and feel that home missions and foreign missions, that Christian education, that our labors amid the forests of Porto Rico and the Indian huts of Dakota and Alaska, are all parts of the one great, divine missionary plan of our heavenly Leader. A mighty uplift is surely coming. Ages of Christian martyrdom have always been those of rapid spiritual progress. The age of the martyrs, how strange it seems, is again upon us! I believe that those American missionaries who have recently given their lives in the Far East will loom up in the history of Asia, and be covered with a moral splendor like that which in this land belongs to the men and women of the Mayflower. In some countries, as in Armenia and China, the church seems to have been carried back to the awful days of Nero and Diobcletian. At our Oberlin reunion last June we received loyal and beautiful greetings from our missionaries in Shansi. They said, "From the rich plains of Shansi, green with springing wheat, from her mountains crowned with crumbling heathen fanes, we greet you. From our work among the slaves of opium, from our growing churches, from our schools where we strive to reproduce the impressions our professors made on us, our hearts go out to you. The remembrance of Oberlin is very precious to her sons and daughters in far-away Shansi. May the spirit of the fathers still hover over her, may the enthusiasm rise so high that it shall overflow on our shores and come rolling thru the mountains to cheer us on our way." And while these words were read, the clouds were gathering, the earthquake was rumbling, the terrible death storm was brooding. These devoted Christian souls were soon to give in loathsome prisons or in cruel death "the last full measure of devotion." If any among these are still alive, others, equally brave, have joined "the noble army of martyrs" whose blood evermore Mr. Beecher once said, "There is no such seed planted in this world as good blood." Remember that, O church of Christ! and rejoice, O spirits of the martyrs that went up to God from the rich plains of China, yellow with the ripening wheat. Those mountains crowned with crumbling heathen temples look down on your trampled and lacerated bodies, but your glorious monument and memorial shall be the regeneration of an empire and the speedier conquest of a world. Were not they of our own household of faith? Is not America, God's last great effort for the race, worthy of an equal devotion? Nay, has not America been bought and made ??? precious blood from ??? , from 8 THE COLORED AMERICAN, WASHINGTON, D.C. [*[March 17, 1900]*] THE WOMEN'S WORLD Dear Euphemia Kirk,- In compliance with the request preferred in your last contribution to The Colored American, I send the following facts concerning a woman of whom we all should be proud. In Augusta, Ga, there is a co- educational school for colored youth, founded by Miss Lucy Laney, who has devoted her entire life to the elevation of her race. From her earliest youth she seems to have nursed the desire to establish a school, and she shaped her life to this end. At sixteen she graduated from Atlanta University For seven or eight years after her graduation she taught in the public schools of two or three cities in Georgia, accumulating experience for the founding of her own school which she had by this time decided to establish in Augusta. After teaching a while in the lecture room of the colored Prebyterian church she rented a two-story plank house for a dormitory, and converted an old barn on the premises into a school room to which she transferred her work. She hired teachers to help her, through she had no means of paying them, except as she could collect the meagre prices of tuition from the 'students, most of whom were poor. Her teachers complained when their salaries were not forthcoming and she found that she must shoulder the great responsibility of the new school alone. Miss Laney did not receive a penny for her work, and spent all that she had previously earned in paying her teachers' salaries and trying to meet the various needs of the school. After struggling alone for three years, Miss Laney went before the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church which met in Minneapolis, and and so eloquently [?] [?] [?] condition and needs of her race in the South, that the hearts of all who heard her were deeply touched. The members of the Board were so impressed with Miss Laney's courage, patience, unselfishness and good common sense that they decided to assist her. Her success was phenomenal. Having begun with a mere handful of pupils Miss Laney reported 75 at the end of the first year. At the end of the second year the number had increased to 234. The progress of her work was so satisfactory that when the board had the opportunity to place ten thousand dollars in some particular educational work in the South, the members decided unanimously to give the money to Miss Laney's school . The Haines Normal and Industrial School now owns buildings worth between $15,000 and $20,000 It has about 500 students including both boarders and day pupils. The literary work includes well arranged courses of study from the kindergarten to the college preparatory. The industries taught are cooking, sewing, printing, millinery, laundering and general housework. Miss Laney believe that special effort should bee made to save the boys for whom she is trying to establish a manual training school. Miss Laney was so impressed with the earnest Christian character of Mrs. F. E Haines whom she met after her school was established, that she named it the Haines Normal and Industrial School. I am glad to say however, that an effort is being made to amend the charter, so that the school founded by this great and good woman may here- after be known as the Lucey Laney Institute. How I wish the National Association of Colored Women could establish at least one such school as Mrs. Milton H. Losee of Kansas City proposes to found. Mrs. Losee intends to build a $200,000 college for house- keepers and maids. According to the plan outlined in the Chicago Inter Ocean, the diploma awarded to a graduate of this college would assert that thee holder had passed a creditable examination in all the courses of instruction, including thee departments of laundering, scientific cooking of meats and vegetables, nursing and care of the sick, chamber work, dishwashing sweeping, etc. The building would accomodate one hundred servant girls as resident pupils. It would have a complete banquet hall. The pupils would live in the building, and, aside from the course of study already outlined, they would receive instruction in the proper care of themselves, so as to make them from every view point ideal servants. Banquets would be served and small parties dined. The public could have fine washing done in the institute, and the products of the school would be placed on the market. If there were only one such school for colored girls, the benefit derived therefrom would be incalculable. At our Convention last summer I urged our women to establish schools of domestic science, on a small scale, whenever it was possible to secure sufficient funds. One such school has recently been started, I am glad to say. If we cannot supply skilled domestics to the employing class, our doom is sealed, [?] fear. It is growing more and more difficult for colored women to secure employment in the houses of the well-to-do because they lack that training in domestic science which the intelligent housekeepers of thee country demand, and for which they are willing to pay. I shall never ceae to urge the National Association to take up this special work, until as an organization it has established at least one school. Will not some of the wealthy members of the race ponder this subject in their minds and treasure it in their hearts, so that they will be constrained to remember the National Association in their wills and thus make it possible for us to establish a school where colored girls may be thoroughly trained an all the branches of household art? Mrs. Lasee has sent out a circular containing twenty-one questions as to her plan, and the answers received by her have been uniformly favorable. Some of these questions it would be profitable for the women who employ servants to ponder. They are as follows: 1. Do people want servants who have received diplomas? 2. Would girls take advantage? 3. Who would be benefitted? 4. What does the mistress expect? 5. Girls to come from the poor, uneducated class and immediately understand taking care of finely finished and furnished homes, the value of fine carpets, bric-a-brac and cut glass? 6. Girls to sleep in cellars, stairways or attics? 7. Girls to receive their company in the kitchen? 8. Girls to be intelligent and keep in their places? 9. Girls to know without being taught? 10. Girls to adopt their religious and moral standards? 11. Girls to be held up to ridicule before the family and visitors without protesting? 12. Has a girl any rights? 13. has she the right to demand the same careful sanitary inspection of her quarters as the shop girl? 14. Has she the right to demand and receive wages without having to deposit money with a lawyer to bring suit for her? 15. Has she right to her own religious belief without ridicule? 16. Has she the right to demand respectful treatment from the whole family? 17. Has she the right to ask the mistress for her character? 18. Has she the right to be kept in repair as a machine? One of the results predicted from the establishment of this college for Housemaids is the elevation of domestic labor to a standard which will remove the distaste of young girls and women for house service. Mrs. William Scott, the well known, lecturer and missionary was sent from Philadelphia as a fraternal delegate to the Convention of the National American Women Suffrage Association by the Universal peace Union. Mrs. Scott was authorized by this society to protest in its name against the disfranchisement of the Negro in the South. She did this so effectively that she made a profound impression upon all who heard her. Mrs. Scott is a very magnetic and forceful tpeaker, and I was glad the Universal Peace Union sent her to plead for themselves. Mrs. Coralie Franklin Cook, who pre [?] the greeting of the colored women to Susan B. Anthony on the latter's eightieth birthday covered herself with glory and made us all proud of her. Such an exhibition of the intelligence, culture and eloquence of colored women helps each and every one of us, since it raises both the race and the sex in the estimation of the dominant race. What we want to do is to impress the white people fo the country with the fact that there are many colored women who can measure arms successfully with their more fortunate sisters, whenever they can get the chance. Both Mrs. Scott and Mrs. Cook proved this during the convention of the Woman Suffrage Association recently held here beyond the per adventure of a doubt. Let the good work go on. MARY CHURCH TERRLEL Hoffman Music festival. The Second Annual Musical Festival that was inaugurated last year by Mr. Elzie S. Hoffman will take place this season at the Academy of Music on the evening of Friday, June 8th, 1900. Manager Rapley, who runs both the National and the Academy was so highly pleased with the conduct of his theater by Leader Hoffman that he has again given him complete control. This being the first anniversary of the Hoffman Concert Band, a superb program is being prepared. The Advanced Sight Singing Class (Damroseh System) will be heard in new choruses, and is hoped by Thee Colored American that our representative citizens will again crowd this theater. ...C. H. NAUGHTON... LIQUORS AND SEGARS FINE WINES, Harper & Wilson a specialty. 1926 Fourteeth Street, Northwest FUNERAL DIRECTORS Geo. W. Wise Furnishing Undertaker PRACTICAL EMBALMER 2900 M street, Georgetown, D. C Telephone call. 103 83. E. H. MORSELL, Sheaves of wheat, Funeral Designs Full Line. Call and Examine. 1105 7th st. [?] w. Wash. D. C. Cemetery Goods. Harfina SOAP Medicated, Refreshing, Healthful.-Specially adapted by Dr. Philo Hay for HAIR and BATH. Destroys disease germs in hair glands, not only of scalp but entire body. The best soap you can use for complexion. 25c. Cakes at Leading Druggists. SHOOMAKER'S TENNESSEE WHISKEY, $1 A LARGE BOTTLE. OPP, ALEX. MT. V, DEPOT. A tip-top specific for throat and lung affections. Not merely "a man's whiskey"- but a family liquor, safe and efficacious to give young or old when ailing. $1 a bottle and to be had only at the SHOOMAKER Co, 1381 E street. 'Phone 1158. The X RAY MEDICAL INSTITUTE 317 6th ST. N.W. | 494 LA. AVE.N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. X RAY IN USE FOR EXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSIS. Treat all diseases of the Nose, Throat, and Lungs, Heart, Nerves, Brain B eed, Skin, Stomach, Kidneys and Bladder, Sexual Weakness, and all Special Diseases of man woman: Siricture, Varicocele, and Hydrocele cured. Syphilis(any stage) cured for life with out mercury or potash. CONSULTATION AND ADVICE FREE. Daily Office Hours: From 10 to 1 and 8 to 6. Tuesda, Thursday, and Saturday till 8 p. m, W. M. DRURY's RESTAURANT 1100 20th St., corner L. N. W. Washington, D. C. GASKINS & GAINES Academy Restaurant [just around the corner] 320 8th Street, N. W. Opposite Kanns'. All leading brands of wine liquors and sigars, imported and domestic. Ladies and Gentlemen's Cafe Upstairs. THE COLORED AMERICAN, WASHINGTON, D. C. MR. CHARLES E. HALL Assistant Secretary Illinois League of Republican Clubs. The subject of this sketch, son of Rev. A.T. Hall, was born in Batavia, Kane Co., Illinois, May 22, 1868, and received a common school education. Before reaching his majority, Mr. Hall took a lively interest in politics and at the age of twenty one was appointed by Congressman A J. Hopkins to a lucrative position in the Eleventh U.S. Census. Upon completion of his duties here he returned to Illinois, and shortly after went to the Pacific Coast where he located in Spokane, Wash., engaging in the real estate and loan business until, extreme financial stringency and populistic theories prevalent, precluded the possibility of his making much headway as a broker or politician. Returning to his native state after an absence of several years he engaged in business and politics meeting with success. In 1897 he was appointed as a senate committee clerk in the Illinois Legislature, have the important committees on Banks and Banking and Mines and Mining. About this time he [?] [?]e interested in newspaper work, [?] doe two years was managing editor [?] Illino[?] [?] [?]publican paper published in Springfield, Ill., devoted to the interests of the race. Congressman Hopkins, one of our national leaders, appreciating the energy and worth of Mr. Hall again persuaded him to accept a lucrative clerkship in the Census Bureau, and his many friends rejoice at his return to the national capital. At the last State Convention of the Illinois League of Republican Clubs, Mr. Hall was the unanimous choice of 1500 delegates for the position of Assistant Secretary, and he has the honor of being the first colored man to fill that position. Although pleasantly employed in the Census Bureau Mr. Hall has under consideration the importunities of his friends who desire to see him placed as chief of the Afro American Republican State Bureau during the coming campaign. Needless to say that Charles E. Hall is a hustler and justly deserves any recognition he may receive from the party. Congressman Hopkins might well be proud of such a protege who is destined to become a leader of his people. MR. CHARLES E HALL. There will be a grand musical concert given at Enon Baptist church, Wednesday evening April 4th 1900 by Misses Eva E. Belle and Mary C. Euell. Rev. J. I. Loving pastor. The Vero Dentists will be pleased to see any new customers and all of their old ones, at their new place 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, northwest. GEORGIA REPUBLICANS CONVENE And Elect a Bright Galaxy to Represent Them at Philadelphia in June Next. Atlanta, Ga., Special,- On the 7th inst., the republicans of Georgia held one of the largest, as well as one of the most harmonious State Conventions ever held in this State by any party. Long before 12 o'clock, the appointed hour for the assembling of the Convention, the streets, avenues and thoroughfares leading to the Capital were literally lined and packed with delegates and visitors making their way to the place of meeting. The crowd was so great that the managers or officers of the organization were compelled to issue tickets to the convention hall. Shortly after 12 o'clock U.S. Marshal W.H. Johnson, chairman of the State Executive Committee appeared at the main entrance hall, the audience getting a glimpse of him fairly went wild with applause. This but scarcely ended when Register J.W. Lyons appeared such a demonstration was perhaps never witnessed before, the great audience rose en masse, the ladies in the galleries waved their handkerchiefs and fans Fitting recognition was shown Ex Governor Bullock, W.A. Pledger, H. L. Johnson, H.A. Rucker and other great party leaders upon their entering the hall. Chairman Johnson called the convention to order and requested Bishop H.M. Turner to open the convention with a prayer. As the Bishop arose and started down the main aisle with his crutches in his hands another demonstration broke out approaching if not surpassing the great demonstration paid to Register Lyons a few moments before. The good Bishop's voice was clear and distinct. The [roll call developed the fact that every one of the 137 counties in the great State was represented in person, a fact heretofore unknown. Chairman Johnson following the recommendation of the Executive Committee in one of the most eloquent speeches ever made in the hall, placed in nomination for temporary chairman Ex State Attorney General Col. Henry P. Farrow of Gainsville. He was unanimously elected. A committee of eleven was appointed on credential with Maj. W.H. Smyth chairman. While his committee was out Ex Governor R.B. Bullock, Prof. R.R. Wright, Bishop H.M. Turner, Register Lyons, Bishop L.H. Holsey, Hon. S.A. Darnell, A graves, Esq., Rev. E.K. Love, D. D., were called upon for speeches, and each responded and gave the great mass of human beings some good old time Republican talks. The convention after adopting the report of the committee on credentials elected Col. W.A. Pledger permanent chairman, Col. J.H. Deveaux, Prof. S. S. Humbard, of Montezuma and Col. S.B. Vaughn of Augusta permanent secretaries Messrs. W.H. Johnson were elected delegates to the national convention from the state at large. Messrs. A. Graves, Alexander Akerman, son of ex-attorney general of the United States; Hon. Amos T. Akerman, Prof. T.M. Dent, Captain L. M. Pleasant were elected alternates. Hon. W.H. Johnson was elected chairman of the state committee. Col. W. A. Pledger was elected vice chairman, Col. J.H. Deveaux secretary, Prof. A. Graves assistant secretary. The committee on platform reported, favoring the adopting of Congressman White's bill against mob violence. Countess Schimniglmann of Denmark is in Atlanta attending the great Bible conference that is being held here. She spoke to over 3000 people last Sunday night at Bethel A. M. E. church. She said it was the first time that she ever spoke to an audience of colored people as a separate race. In her country she was preached to by a colored man who told her that there were 36,000 promises in the Bible and that she believes it. She is a great woman and have none of the color phobia in her. It is delightful to hear her talk and to talk with her. She is truly a woman of God. A FEAST OF REASON Mr. William H. Johnson the Host of a "Smart Set." Albany, N.Y., Special- Mr.Thomas H. Diggs the genial and affable compatriot of John Irving, who together make life pleasant for the traveling public as proprietors of the Adams House and expert mixologists, entertained the members of the House Social Club, at dinner on the 11 instant in the cosy dining parlor of that famous hostelrie . The event was also in celebration of the 67th anniversary of Mr. William H. Johnson, founder and first president of this popular social organization which dates its beginning back to 1887. Covers were laid for twelve including the guest of honor, Mr. William H. Johnson. Mr. William H. Brent, J F. Price, J. H Clifton, G H. Tummey, A. C. Green, William Nan Alstyne, Frank Fulton. A.C. Gordon, C. Edwards and "mine host." Thomas H. Diggs, Esq., accompanied by his usual smile and proverbial bonhommie. After all the good things had been eaten, and swallowed, Vice President J.W. Price arose and in a felicitous and happy speech presented Mr. William H. Johnson with a handsome silk badge with gold and silver ornaments, the center piece being a silver horse shoe bearing the monogram H.S.C. and the word "secretary" this being the office now held by Mr. Johnson in the club and which he has held for the past eight years. In accepting this token of regard and esteem from his fellew members and associates. Mr. Johnson responded in appropriate and fitting terms thanking each and all for their generous rememberance of him. After the speech making cigars and ice water were passed around which of course called for more talk, and everybody talked and smoked for a long while. BRUCE GEIT. The Charlottsville Va Letter. Charlottesville, Va., Special-At the Ebenezer Baptist church Sunday at 11 a.m. Rev. C.N. Harris, pastor, baptized fourteen candidates who were converted at the revival recently held at the aforesaid church. At three o'clock communion services were held and the right hand of fellowship given the newly made members. revivals are still in progress at the Mt. Zion and First Baptist churches with great success. At the Mt. Zion church, Rev. R. D Hardy pastor, is being assisted by Revs. Nathan Cave, Wilson Carter and Dillard Goffney of the county. Large numbers have professed faith in Christ. At the First Baptist Church, Rev. R. C. Quarles, pastor, Rev. R. J. Perkin- of Hinton, West Virginia, is conducts ing the meetings Rev. Perkins is a talented expounder of the gospel and is meeting with great success in winning souls for Christ. The funeral of Mrs. Phoebe Johnson, who was accidentally burned to death, took place from the Mt. Zion Baptist church, Sunday at 3 o'clock. Rev. R. B. Hardy officiating. She was left in charge of two children who on hearing the band left here alone and it is supposed she caught from a lighted pipe. She was 105 years old. The funeral of Mabel Sellers daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Sellers, took place from the home of the parents, Monday at 11 o'clock. Rev. C.N. Harris officiated. Rev. E. Duke Venture pastor fo the M. E church of this city, will leave this week for Baltimore, Md., to attend the annual conference. Mr. William Sammons, of Jersey City was in the city last week having come down to bury his infant child. Miss. M. E. White who has been visiting Miss Bettie James on Preston avenue left Monday for her home in Staunton, Va. Mr. Godfrey B. Brown and Miss Luellia Grayson were married at Ivy Depot the home of the bride on Thursday night the 15tj. Messrs. William Reeves, Brazel Jackson and Stephen Gray left this week for Hot Springs, Va. Mr. Egbert Terry who has been teaching in Augusta County, has returned home having closed his school for the term. Mrs. Mary E. Gordon has closed her school in the country and is home again. Lawyer J.E. Byrd, President of Uditad Aid and Insurance Co., of Richmond, Va., was in the city this week. Mrs. J. Madeline Brown who has been home on the illness of her father Mr. Noah Jackson (who is much improved) left this week for Pittsburg, Pa. Mr. J.H. Dickinson has recently improved his tonsorial parlor at the foot of the "hill" and the affable tonsorial artists Messrs. W.F. Walker and John T. Leech are still ready to serve the public. The American can be had every Saturday at Pollard and Noble's barber shop or from Mr. A.F. Angel at the University. MONTICELLO. Mr. J. Harry Ward is in the field for Cooper the tailor and it goes without saying he is making 'em hum. Toothache Cure . FREE, to advertise it: best in the world: send 4 cents for a sample. LA RUE 1017 Arch St. Phila., Pa. THE NEW YORK AGE PARIS EXPOSITION EDITION. VOL.X I. NO.19 . NEW YORK: THURSDAY, JANUARY 4, [?]900. PRICE, 5 CENTS. [*X*] FORTY YEARS IN NEW YORK. GREAT CHANGES NOTED IN PUBLIC SENTIMENT. Observations of the Decline of Color Prejudice by a Member of the Brooklyn Board of Education. Written for The New York Age. I presume that from a journalist's standpoint forty-eight hours in which to prepare an article upon almost any subject is a very long time; sufficient for even the dullest mind to put upon paper all that is worth noting in its experience. But I could wish that you might, be confronted with the cares of a manufacturer closing his books for the old year and opening, for another year. New patterns and new wares, to satisfy the craving of the American people for something new every year. Add to the foregoing, thee burdens of a public office, that seems daily to present some matter deserving or requiring exclusive attention, and you will possibly conceive of the difficulty under which I labor in my endeavor to prepare an article worthy the attention of that intelligent body of citizens, readers of THE AGE. The "race question" seems to hold thee attention of the public, and notwithstanding my wish that other questions might prove so very interesting to the American people, as to enable writers on public affairs to think and to write along other lines, I am nevertheless pursuaded, that a slight contribution to the question is now in order, because of the recent utterances of many writers, no doubt inspired by what they regard as signs of a race conflict, more or less remote. It is my desire to note a few things and among these, personal experiences, covering a period of above forty years in this vicinity, that seem to bear upon the "Negro Problem," and then to allow the reader to draw his own conclusions. I infer that my notes will not tend to make any of less happy, or less hopeful of the future. Hon. M.C. Butler, at Gaffney, S.C., July 4, 1899, delivered a speech on the "Race Problem." in which occurs a single paragraph, which I think fairly represents the thought of many Americans, Northerners and Southerners, white and black, and therefore I shall quote it in advance of inditing notes of my own observations hereabout, that the reader may have an idea of the proposition which my said experience negatives. The ex-Senator says: "Now, it may be laid down as an incontrovertible proposition, almost axiomatic, that two races so distinct in color, in moral and social qualities, and physical and mental structure, cannot live together in peace in the same country on terms of political and social equality." And now, lest the readers of THE AGE form the notion that the ex-Senator's opinion is simply the result of a deep seated prejudice, let me say that in the self same week I received the pamphlet containing Mr. Butler's speech, I received another pamphlet, containing the same opinion delivered by an Afro-American bishop at the same time. It would appear that some of us are pessimistic, simply because we forget that "the world moves." Let me tell you something of the change in public sentiment in New York in the past thirty-five or forty years. Forty years ago I was refused admission, as a pupil to what is now Public School No. 19, in Brooklyn, on the ground of my color. To-day I am an officer of the educational department that has control over that school. In fact, ten years ago a colored man was appointed to the Brooklyn Board of Education, having that very school in charge. To-day we have not a school known as a "colored school." No child can not be refused on account of his color. In the Borough of Brooklyn we have some twenty-two colored teachers in classes, every one of which has white scholars. and in ten of these classes, I think, all the pupils are white. Colored teachers are qualified in the same high schools and training schools in the City of New York. In company with others, all wearing [?] States army. In the parquet, where I sat, were at least ten colored persons. In a box, even to my own surprise, I saw a party of colored persons, while the other boxes were filled with whites. The house was literally packed with the best white families in this borough, with here and there a colored couple, possibly one hundred in all. The next week I visited another theatre, one which stubbornly resisted the trend of public opinion for ten years after every other theatre in the city had opened its doors to colored people, and there I saw a few other colored persons enjoying a very success[?]ul prod[?] of English opera. The theatre was packed from "pit to dome," with the most fashionable white families of this city. In the hotels of the city many distinguished colored citizens are from time to time registered, enjoying the best accommodations. The public conveyances, stage lines and cars of every description, have been accommodating all races and colors, on equal terms, for so many years now, that I really forget when the thing became general. Who has not read of the presence of our distinguished friend, Booker T. Washington, and of the presence of other distinguished colored me at the dinners given by the clubs, representing the wealth and culture of our city? It has become so common a thing now as to attract no unusual attention. At the beaches during the summer months may be seen many colored persons patronizing the shows, games and restaurants on equal terms with white persons, in the same boats, same cabins, eating at the same tables, riding on the same merry-go-rounds, bathing and holding on to the same life lines with white persons. Now and then one hears a discordant note from some Rip Van Winkle, but such a thing is rare. Let us move forward another forty years and we may confidently predict such an absolute equality that no citizen need be offended at the actions of another. And may we not also reasonably predict that public sentiment in that portion of our country, so long and ably represented by the Hon. M.C. Butler, may be just where we are now? When the Negro becomes a manufacturer, merchant and buyer, American color prejudice will fade away as it always does in the presence of gold and silver. S.R. SCOTTRON. Brooklyn, N.Y., Dec. 27, 1899. ODD FELLOWS' TEMPLE A Monument to Race Enterprise and Perseverance. The well known story of Sir Robert Bruce and the spider finds a fitting parallel in the successive attempts of the Odd Fellows of New York to rear a temple dedicated to Friendship, Love, and Truth. Four attempts there have bee since 1856 to rear a shrine where the many colored societies of New York city could worship under their own vine and fig tree. Identified with these successive attempts were some of the brainiest men, and yet these attempts were rendered abortive from one cause or another until the various lodges in New York had depleted their treasuries and lost heart and confidence. In the fall of 1896, pursuant to a call from Harriet Martineau Lodge No. 2562, a committee of three was appointed from each lodge to discuss ways and means toward securing a hall. Out of this committee of three there emanated a board of trustees, which secured the property on West 29th street and builded thereon a temple, which is second to none of its kind in the country. Four stories high, 50 feet wide and 99.9 feet deep, it contains nine lodge rooms, whose capacity varies from 12x15 feet to 40x60 feet; with a concert hall 50x75 feet, with supper rooms, billiard and wine rooms attached. In this reception hall has been held some of New York's bon ton affairs. In these lodge rooms there now meet ninety-six separate societies, paying an annual rental of $5,000. To reach this goal there have been waged many battles; only this fall it looked to be a Waterloo for the Odd Fellows of New York, but by the masterful work of the present officers the tide of the battle was changes and victory was snatched from defeat. In this victory our greatest and strongest allies were the Odd Fellows themselves, and a generous and race loving public. ARTHUR W. HANDY [?] THE DOUGLASS MONUMENT IMPOSING TRIBUTE TO A DEPARTED RACE LEADER How the State of New York and the Republic of Hayti Contributed to Erect a Splendid Memorial in Rochester. Written for The New York Age. At a meeting of Eureka Lodge, No.36, F. and A. M., held in Rochester, N.Y., Nov. 20, 1894, after a short address by J. W. Thompson, he mad a motion that a committee be appointed for the purpose of erecting a monument in memory of the Afro-American soldiers and sailors, who had fallen in the late Civil War. Mr. Thompson was elected chairman and authorized to select his own committee. At the next meeting he announced the following to act with him: Hon. George A. Benton, Hon. Charles S. Baker, Hon. R. Curran, Hon. William Purcell, Hon. H. S. Greenleaf, R.F. Kent, Thomas E. Platner, H.A. Spencer, C.J. Vincent, Leon J. DuBois, F.S. Cunningham. Before this committee met the chairman communicated with the Hon. Frederick Douglass, in regard to the project and received the following reply: ANACOSTIA, D.C., Dec. 3, 1894. Mr. J.W THOMPSON, My Dear Sir:-I am more than pleased with the patriotic purpose to erect in Rochester a monument in honor of the colored soldiers who, under great discouragements, at the moment of National peril, volunteered to go to the front and fight for their country- when assured in advance that neither by our own Government nor that of the Confederates would they be accorded the equal rights of peace or of war. The colored soldier fought with a halter about his neck, but he fought all the same. I shall be proud if I shall live to see the proposed monument erected in the in the city of Rochester, where the best years of my life were spent in the service of our people-and which to this day seems like my home. Yours very truly, FREDERICK DOUGLASS December 20, the same year, appeals were made for funds in all of the Rochester newspapers, with splendid editorials approving the effort to commemorate in granite and bronze those who died for their country's flag. The movement met with some opposition from unexpected quarters among the colored people, they claiming that on soldier's monument [?] all who were killed in the Owego B.F. Cleggett and T.Duffin of Genva and Rev. James E. Mason of Rochester. Mr. Thompson continued his efforts to raise the ten thousand dollars needed. He wrote to the president of the Republic of Hayti and also Hon. W.F. Powell, who represents the National Government at Port-au-Prince. Mr. Powell, in an unofficial way, called the attention of that government to the efforts being made to perpetuate the memory of Douglass and the Haytian Republic made a contribution of one thousand dollars to the fund. On the 24th of February 1897, Mr. Thompson appeared before the Finance Committee of the New York State Assembly and delivered an address, asking for an appropriation of five thousand dollars for the Douglass Memorial Fund. The Legislature granted an appropriation of three thousand dollars. The balance of the $10,000 was raised by popular contributions. The monument was made by Smith Granite Company of Westerly, R.I. The sculptor was Sidney W. Edwards. The model for the Bronze statue was made in Washington D. [?] during the spring of 1898. Mr. Charles R. Douglass, son of the late Frederick Douglass, posed for the statue which so gracefully portrays his illustrious father in life. The bronze statue is eight feet high, the pose that of an orator. The pedestal is nine feet high and made out of the best Westerly gray granite. It also has four bronze tablets, with choice quotations from some of Mr. Douglass' famous speeches. The total height of the monument is seventeen feet- According to agreement with the company the statue was to have been placed in position by Aug. 2, 1898; the unveiling to take place Sept. 14. The committee was disappointed, as two days before the time set for the unveiling, word came to the chairman that the statue would not reach the city for two weeks. The exercises, however, took place according to the program before three thousand people, who had assembled for the occasion, including the Douglass family. Among those who took part in the exercises were T. Thomas Fortune, who read an original poem written for the occasion; Hon. J.C. Dancy, Miss Susan B. Anthony, Mrs. Ida B. W. Barnett, Hon, George E. Warner, Mayor of the city, Attorney C.P. Lee and Miss F. Douglass Sprague, who made addresses; Joseph H. Douglass, violin solo; Mrs. C.B. Lee, solo; Ms. May Lepeon, accompanist. The statue was placed in position Oct. 11 and [?] 1899 in the presence CLUB WORK AMONG WOMEN REVIEW OF THEIR EFFORTS MADE IN VARIOUS SECTIONS The President of the National Association Tells What Has Been Accomplished Through Organization. Written for The New York Age. In order to get a good idea of what colored women are accomplishing through the medium of clubs, one has only to review the work which has been and is still being done by the National Association of Colored Women. This is the only National Body which colored women have. It was formed by the union of two organizations three years ago. Since then its growth has been steady and its march ever onward and upward to the goal of its ambition. As individuals, colored women have always been ambitious for their race. They have often struggled single-handed and alone against the most desperate and discouraging odds, in order to secure for fhemselves and their loved ones that culture of the head and heart for which they hungered and thirsted so long in vain. But it dawned upon us finally that individuals working alone, or scattered here and there in small companies, might be never so honest in purpose, so indefatigable in labor, so conscientious about methods and so wise in projecting plans, they would nevertheless accomplish little compared with the possible achievement of many individuals, all banded strongly together throughout the entire land, with heads and hearts fixed on the same high purpose and hands joined in united strength. As the result of a general realization of this fact, the National Association of Colored Women was formed. Though we are young in years and have been handicapped both because of lack of experience and lack of money, our efforts have been crowned with success. In the kindergartens established by some of our organizations, children have been cultivated and trained. A meeting of Southern women will be held in Montgomery, Ala. the 28th and 29th of December, at which ways and means of raising funds with which to establish more kindergartens will be discussed and successfully devised, I hope. Our women are thoroughly aroused to the necessity of saving the children, in whom lies the hope of the race. We feel that if the National association did nothing but devote itself exclusively to the children. it mission would be more than nobly fulfilled. We shall try also to establish day nurseries for the benefit of those women who have no one with whom to leave their infants, while they earn their daily bread. In the city of New Orleans, the Phyllis Wheatley Club has succeeded in establishing a sanitarium, with a training school for nurses, which has given such abundant proof of its utility and necessity, that the municipal government has voted it an annual appropriation of several hundred dollars. The Assembly of Memphis, Tenn., has purchased a large plot of ground, on which these energetic and charitable women intend to erect an old folks' home. To our poor, benighted sisters in the Black Belt of Alabama we have gone and we have been both a comfort and a help to these women, through the darkness of whose ignorance of everything that makes life sweet or worth the living, no ray of light would have penetrated but for us. We have taught them the A B C of living by showing them how to make their huts more habitable and decent with the small mens at their command and how to care for themselves and their families more in accordance with the rules of health. Mothers' meetings have been generally held and sewing classes formed by some of our clubs. Magnificent service has been rendered by the Illinois Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, through whose instrumentality schools have been visited; parents and teachers urged to cooperate with each other; truant children looked after; public institutions investigated; rescue and reform work engaged in, in order to uplift unfortunate women and tempted girls; garments cut, made and distributed to the needy poor. Questions affecting our legal status as a race are also discussed in some of our clubs. Charity of various kinds is frequently dispensed by nearly all the organ- and by living up to it, we know that we are daily refuting slanders circulated against us in the press by malicious and irresponsible people. We feel that as an organization of women, the purification of the home should be our first consideration and care. It is through the home that the principles which we wish to promulgate can be most widely circulated and most deeply impressed. We feel especially the need of a large and powerful National organization, such as our association is destined to become. Through such a union of our forces we believe we shall be able to accomplish much which without it, we shall be unable to effect. MARY CHURCH TERRILL. Washington, D.C., Dec. 27, 1899 A FISK UNIVERSITY GRADUATE. Prof. Thomas J. Calloway, in Charge of the Paris Exhibit. From the Fisk Herald. In 1889 there graduated from the college department a young man whose learning and scholarship were indicative of life of usefulness. This young man was Thomas Junius Calloway. After graduating he became assistant principal of the High School in Evansville, ind. Desiring to prepare himself for professional life, Mr. Calloway obtained a clerkship in the War Department at Washington. Here he began the study of law in Howard University and was graduated with honors in 1893. He organized and managed the Colored Teachers' Agency while he retained his clerkship at Washington, D.C. This position was too narrow for a man of his ability and his service could be of greater usefulness to his race in other fields. PROF. THOMAS J. CALLOWAY Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College, West Side, Miss., needed a president. The rapid growth of the college under his guidance confirmed the belief of his friends that he was admirably fitted for the presidency. Being a young man possessing a fund of information of the condition of his race, together with an ease in depicting their condition to the best possible advantage, Tuskegee's principal selected him to espouse Tuskegee's cause in the North. In 1898, Mr. Calloway was called to assume charge of a school that seemed about to close its doors. This was a normal school at Helena, Ark. Through these ten years of intensely active life, Mr. Calloway has shown rare tact and sound judgement, both is his private and public duties. Now our Federal Government has chosen him from among thousands of his fellows as one of the agents to the commissioners of education, to arrange and collect statistics for the World's exposition in Paris in 1900. This is another distinguished honor that has come to one of the deserving graduates of Fisk University. The Herald feels sure that the choice of the Government is a wise one. All possible information will be compiled to present the advancement of our race in the United States fairly and impartially to the miliions from all nations of the world that will visit beautiful Paris to witness the great exposition of the closing year of the Nineteenth Century. COLORED ORPHAN ASYLUM. The Colored Orphan Asylum, located at West 143rd street and Amsterdam avenue, New York, was incorporated in 1838. the institution receives orphans of both sexes, between the age to two the closing week of an old year, be confronted with the cares of a manufacturer closing his books for the old year and opening, or making ready to open, new ones, for another year. New patterns and new wares, to satisfy the craving of the American people for something new every year. Add to the foregoing, the burdens of a public office, that seems daily to present some matter deserving or requiring exclusive attention, and you will possibly conceive of the difficulty under which I labor in my endeavor to prepare an article worthy the attention of that intelligent body of citizens, readers of THE AGE. The "race question" seems to hold the attention of the public, and notwithstanding my wish that other questions might prove so very interesting to the American people, as to enable writers on public affairs to think and to write along other lines, I am nevertheless pursuaded, that a slight contribution to the question is now in order, because of the recent utterances of many writers, no doubt inspired by what they regard as signs of a race conflict, more or less remote. It is my desire to note a few things and among these, personal experiences, covering a period of above forty years in this vicinity, that seem to bear upon the "Negro Problem," and then to allow the reader to draw his own conclusions. I infer that my notes will not tend to make any of us less happy, or less hopeful of the future. Hon. M. C. Butler, at Gaffney, S. C., July 4, 1899, delivered a speech on the "Race Problem," in which occurs a single paragraph, which I think fairly represents the thought of many Americans, Northerners and Southerners, white and black, and there fore I shall quote it in advance of inditing notes of my own observations hereabout, that the reader may have an idea of the proposition which my said experience negatives. The ex-Senator says: "Now, it may be laid down as an incontrovertible proposition, almost axiomatic, that two races so distinct in color, in moral and social qualities, and physical and mental structure, cannot live together in peace in the same country on terms of political and social equality." And now, lest the readers of THE AGE form the notion that the ex-Senator's opinion is simply the result of a deep seated prejudice, let me say that in the self same week I received the pamphlet containing Mr. Butler's speech, I received another pamphlet, containing the same opinion, delivered by an Afro-American bishop, at the same time. It would appear that some of us are pessimistic, simply because we forget that "the world moves." Let me tell you something of the change in public sentiment in New York in the past thirty-five or forty years. Forty years ago I was refused admission, as a pupil to what is now Public School No. 19, in Brooklyn, on the ground of my color. To-day I am an officer of the educational department that has control over that school. In fact, ten years ago a colored man was appointed to the Brooklyn Board of Education, having that very school in charge. To-day we have not a school known as a "colored school." No child can now be refused on account of his color. In the Borough of Brooklyn we have some twenty-two colored teachers in classes, every one of which has white scholars, and in ten of these classes, I think, all the pupils are white. Colored teachers are qualified in the same high schools and training schools in the City of New York. In company with others, all wearing the uniform of the United States army, just returning from the "front," in 1865, I and my five companions were made to get out of a stage at the foot of Cortland street, New York, and were jeered at by a vicious crowd of loafers for our presumption in daring to enter a conveyance provided for white people. In those days the cars or public conveyances admitting Negroes were labeled, "This Car for Colored People." In this city in 1863 the Colored Orphan Asylum was attacked and burned. Negroes were hung to the lamp posts. My father's shop was gutted and burned by a mob, the sole reason being color prejudice. At that time but few theatres admitted colored people, and these few had a place in the top left, railed off, for their accommodation. No restaurant or public house, or hotel, would serve a Negro on equal terms with a white man. Negroes in any Southern city are treated better and more respected to-day than were the Negroes in New York city forty years ago. The very churches in those days had little places near the door where Negroes might be accommodated; and only in certains spots would the cemeteries permit the Negroes to bury their dead. Three weeks ago, for the second time in ten years if my memory serves me correctly, I visited a theatre, a most respectable theatre, patronized by the best white families in this city. The actors upon the state were all colored persons time registered, enjoying the best accommodations. The public conveyances, stage lines and cars of every description, have been accommodating all races and colors, on equal terms, for so many years now, that I really forget when the thing became general. Who has not read of the presence of our distinguished friend, Booker T. Washington, and of the presence of other distinguished colored men at the dinners given by the clubs, representing the wealth and culture of our city? It has become so common a thing now as to attract no unusual attention. At the beaches during the summer months may be seen many colored persons patronizing the shows, games and restaurants on equal terms with white persons; in the same boats, same cabins, eating at the same tables, riding on the same merry-go-rounds, bathing and holding on to the same life lines with white persons. Now and then one hears a discordant note from some Rip Van Winkle, but such a thing is rare. Let us move forward another forty years and we may confidently predict such an absolute equality that no citizen need be offended at the actions of another. And may we not also reasonably predict that public sentiment in that portion of our country, so long and ably represented by the Hon. M. C. Butler, may be just where we are now? When the Negro becomes a manufacturer, merchant and buyer, American color prejudice will fade away as it always does in the presence of god and silver. S. R. SCOTTRON. Brooklyn, N. Y., Dec. 27, 1899. ODD FELLOWS TEMPLE A Monument to Race Enterprise and Perseverance. The well known story of Sir Robert Bruce and the spider finds a fitting parallel in the successive attempts of the Odd Fellows of New York to rear a temple dedicated to Friendship, Love and Truth. Four attempts there have been since 1856 to rear a shrine where the many colored societies of New York city could worship under their own vine and fig tree. Identified with these successive attempts were some of our brainiest men, and yet these attempts were rendered abortive from one cause or another until the various lodges in New York had depleted their treasuries and lost heart and confidence. In the fall of 1896, pursuant to a call from Harriet Martineau Lodge No. 2562, a committee of three was appointed from each lodge to discuss ways and means toward securing a hall. Out of this committee of three there emanated a board of trustees, which secured the property on West 29th street and builded thereon a temple, which is second to none of its kind in the country. Four stories high, 50 feet wide and 99.9 feet deep, it contains nine lodge rooms, whose capacity varies from 12x15 feet to 40x60 feet; with a concert hall 50x75 feet, with supper rooms, billiard and wine rooms attached. In this reception hall has been held some of New York's bon ton affairs. In these lodge rooms there now meet ninety-six separate societies, paying an annual rental of $5,000. To reach this goal there have been waged many battles; only this fall it looked to be a Waterloo for the Odd Fellows of New York, but by the masterful work of the present officers the tide of the battle was changed and victory was snatched from defeat. In this victory our greatest and strongest allies wee the Odd Fellows themselves, and a generous and race loving public. ARTHUR W. HANDY, President Hall Association, G.U.O.O.F. COLORED HOME AND HOSPITAL The Colored Home and Hospital, founded over sixty years ago, by white philanthropists, is one of the oldest institutions in New York. They moved into their new building, 141st street and Concord avenue, Sept. 5, 1898. The various departments of the work are amply provided for; the most approved systems of warming, lighting, ventilating, have been observed. The operating and instrument rooms are constructed in every detail with regard to all modern sanitary and antiseptic requirements. A training school for nurses has also been established. The officers of this institution include: Miss Mary W. Booth, first directress; Mrs. William E. Dodge, second directress; Miss M. E. Fitch, treasurer; Mrs. Everett Herrick, corresponding secretary; Miss H. C. Van Buren, recording secretary; Rev. Richard Horton, chaplain; Amzi Lake, superintendent, Miss Bradley, matron and superintendent of Training School. --Those fellows who are fleecing the aged Negroes by collecting from them to get a pension from the government for them, are a set of rascals, who well deserve stalls in the penitentiary.--Washington Daily Record. thorized to select his own committee. At the next meeting he announced the following to act with him: Hon. George A. Benton, Hon. Charles S. Baker, Hon. R. Curran, Hon. William Purcell, Hon. H. S. Greenleaf, R. F. Kent, Thomas E. Platner, H. A. Spencer, C. J. Vincent, Leon J. DuBois, F. S. Cunningham. Before this committee met the chairman communicated with the Hon. Frederick Douglass, in regard to the project and received the following reply: ANACOSTIA, D. C., Dec. 3, 1894. Mr. J. W THOMPSON, My Dear Sir:--I THE DOUGLASS MONUMENT, ROCHESTER, N. Y. am more than please with the patriotic purpose to erect in Rochester a monument in honor of the colored soldiers who, under great discouragements, at the moment of National peril, volunteered to go to the front and fight for their country --when assured in advance that neither by our own Government nor that of the Confederates would they be accorded the equal rights of peace or of war. The colored soldier fought with a halter about his neck, but he fought all the same. I shall be proud if I shall live to see the proposed monument erected in the city of Rochester, where the best years of my life were spent in the service of our people--and which to this day seems like my home. Yours very truly, FREDERICK DOUGLASS. December 20, the same year, appeals were made for funds in all of the Rochester newspapers, with splendid editorials approving the effort to commemorate in granite and bronze those who died for their country's flag. The movement met with some opposition from unexpected quarters among the colored people, they claiming that one soldiers' monument represented all who were killed in the Civil War. But Chairman Thompson could not see it in that light, as he stated at a meeting held in Zion Church. "I have visited Washington Square," said he, "and made an examination of the bronze figures. The features of three represent the white soldier and sailor; one the Irish soldier and one the German, while the Afro-American is not represented in features." The next day, after the meeting, Hon. H. S. Greenleaf, Hon. C. S. Baker and Chairman Thompson met in Mr. Baker's office and decided to erect a shaft in memory of the soldiers and sailors and place upon it a bronze statue, in honor of Frederick Douglass. On the night of February 20, 1895, news reached Rochester that Frederick Douglass had died suddenly at his Anacostia home, near Washington, D. C. Mr. Thompson made the announcement in the morning papers that the monument would be erected in memory of the late Frederick Douglass. In 1896 and 1897, the financial condition of the country was worse than it had been since 1873. Money was hard to collect. Most of the committee, after a short struggle, turned in their books, or refused to try longer to do anything. But the chairman refused to give up the work, and in 1897 appointed as members of the committee: T. Thomas Fortune, editor of THE AGE, Bishop A. Walters of New Jersey, Thomas H. Barnes of Olean, E. R. Spaulding of Legislature granted an appropriation of three thousand dollars. The balance of the $10,000 was raised by popular contributions. The monument was made by the Smith Granite Company of Westerly, R. I. The sculptor was Sidney W. Edward. The model for the bronze statue was made in Washington, D.[C.] during the spring of 1898. Mr. Charles R. Douglass, son of the late Frederick Douglass, posed for the statue which so gracefully portrays his illustrious father in life. The bronze statue is eight feet high, the pose that of an orator. The pedestal is nine feet high and made out of the best Westerly gray granite. It also has four bronze tablets, with choice quotations from some of Mr. Douglass' famous speeches. The total height of the monument is seventeen feet- According to agreement with the company the statue was to have been placed in position by Aug. 2, 1898; the unveiling to take place Sept. 14. The committee was disappointed, as two days before the time set for unveiling, word came to the chairman that the statue would not reach the city for two weeks. The exercises, however, took place according to the program before three thousand people, who had assembled for the occasion, including the Douglass family. Among those who took part in the exercises were T. Thomas Fortune, who read an original poem written for the occasion; Hon. J. C. Dancy, Miss Susan B. Anthony, Mrs. Ida B. W. Barnett, Hon. George E. Warner, Mayor of the city, Attorney C. P. Lee and Miss F. Douglass Sprague, who made addresses; Joseph H. Douglass, violin solo; Mrs. C. B. Lee, solo; Miss May Lepeon, accompanist. The statue was placed in position Oct. 11 and was unveiled June 9, 1899, in the presence of Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of the State of New York and many thousands of people. The handsome monument is placed at the very gate of the beautiful city of Rochester. A complete history of the Douglass monument is now being printed in book form and handsomely illustrated. John W. Thompson, to whose untiring efforts the erection of the monument is so largely due, came to Rochester, Oct. 24, 1883, and accepted a responsible position at the Powers, which he fills with marked ability and popularity. He entered immediately into the affairs of the people of the city, and by his splendid executive ability, his untiring energy and activity, has done more than any other man to advance and promote the welfare and best interests of his race in that community. There has been no public movement or enterprise started for social, literary, commercial or political advancement of his people which he has not supported with unflagging zeal. He has always been active in politics, and has held many honorary appointments. He is at present a member of the Republican County Committee, which position he has held for many years with satisfaction to his race. Mr. Thompson was a great admirer of the late Frederick Douglass, and enjoyed a large measure of that great emancipator's confidence. have. It was formed by the union of two organizations three years ago. Since then its growth has been steady and its march ever onward and upward to the goal of its ambition. As individuals, colored women have always been ambitious for their race. They have often struggled single-handed and alone against the most desperate and discouraging odds, in order to secure for fhemselves and their loved ones that culture of the head and heart for which they hungered and thirsted so long in vain. But it dawned upon us finally that individuals working alone, or scattered here and there in small companies, might be never so honest in purpose, so indefatigable in labor, so conscientious about methods and so wise in projecting plans, they would nevertheless accomplish little compared with the possible achievement of many individuals, all banded strongly together throughout the entire land, with heads and hearts fixed on the same high purpose and hands joined in united strength. As the result of a general realization of this fact, the National Association of Colored Women was formed. Though we are young in years and have been handicapped both because of lack of experience and lack of money, our efforts have been crowned with success. In the kindergarten established by some of our organizations, children have been cultivated and trained. A meeting of Southern women will be held in Montgomery, Ala., the 28th and 29th of December, at which ways and means of raising funds with which to establish more kindergartens will be discussed and successfully devised, I hope. Our women are thoroughly aroused to the necessity of saving the children, in whom lies the hope of the race. We feel that if the National association did nothing but devote itself exclusively to the children, it mission would be more than nobly fulfilled. We shall try also to establish day nurseries for the benefit of those women who have no one with whom to leave their infants, while they earn their daily bread. In the city of New Orleans, the Phyllis Wheatley Club has succeeded in establishing a sanitarium, with a training school for nurses, which has given such abundant proof of its utility and necessity, that the municipal government has voted it an annual appropriation of several hundred dollars. The Assembly of Memphis, Tenn., has purchased a large plot of ground, on which these energetic and charitable women intend to erect an old folks' home. To our poor, benighted sisters in the Black Belt of Alabama we have gone and we have been both a comfort and a help to these women, through the darkness of whose ignorance of everything that makes life sweet or worth the living, no ray of light would have penetrated but for us. We have taught them the A B C of living by showing them how to make their huts more habitable and decent with the small means at their command and how to care for themselves and their families more in accordance with the rules of health. Mothers' meetings have been generally held and sewing classes formed by some of our clubs. Magnificent service has been rendered by the Illinois Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, through whose instrumentality schools have been visited; parents and teachers urged to co-operate with each other; truant children looked after; public institutions investigated; rescue and reform work engaged in, in order to uplift unfortunate women and tempted girls; garments cut, made and distributed to the needy poor. Questions affecting our legal status as a race are also discussed in some of our clubs. Charity of various kinds is frequently dispensed by nearly all the organizations. In the future the National association wants to do what it can to solve the labor question by establishing schools of domestic science in which our women and girls may be trained to be skilled in their work. Those who observe and read the signs of the times are alarmed at the rapidity with which colored women, and men too, are losing ground in the world of labor. Those who refuse to employ colored help claim that they are neither reliable nor skilled in their work. While we believe that in the majority of cases employment is withheld from colored laborers, because of prejudice rather than lack of skill, there is just enough truth is the charge of poor workmanship and unreliability to make us wince, when it is preferred. Through the association we would call the attention of our wage-earning women to the necessity of preparing themselves and their children thoroughly for whatever work or trade they choose, by which they wish to make a living. We would help them build up a good reputation as working women by supplying schools in which they may receive the necessary instruction. The National asso[c]iation is trying through its various organizations to create a wholesome, healthful public sentiment in every community in which it is represented. By setting a high moral standard A FISK UNIVERSITY GRADUATE. Prof. Thomas J. Calloway, in Charge of the Paris Exhibit. From the Fisk Herald. In 1889 there graduated from the college department a young man whose learning and scholarship were indicative of a life of usefulness. This young man was Thomas Junius Calloway. After graduating he became assistant principal of the High School in Evansville, Ind. Desiring to prepare himself for professional life, Mr. Calloway obtained a clerkship in the War Department at Washington. Here he began the study of law in Howard University and was graduated with honors in 1893. He organized and managed the Colored Teachers' Agency while he retained his clerkship at Washington, D. C. This position was too narrow for a man of his ability and his service could be of greater usefulness to his race in other fields. PROF. THOMAS J. CALLOWAY. Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College, West Side, Miss., needed a president. The rapid growth of the college under his guidance confirmed the belief of his friends that he was admirably fitted for the presidency. Being a young man possessing a fund of information of the condition of his race, together with an ease in depicting their condition to the best possible advantage, Tuskegee's principal selected him to espouse Tuskegee's cause in the North. In 1898, Mr. Calloway was called to assume charge of a school that seemed about to close its doors. This was a normal school at Helena, Ark. Through these ten years of intensely active live, Mr. Calloway has shown rare tact and sound judgment, both in his private and public duties. Now our Federal Government has chosen him from among thousands of his fellows as one of the agents to the commissioners of education, to arrange and collect statistics for the World's Exposition in Paris in 1900. This is another distinguished honor that has come to one of the deserving graduates of Fisk University. The Herald feels sure that the choice of the Government is a wise one. All possible information will be compiled to present the advancement of our race in the United States fairly and impartially to the millions from all nations of the world that will visit beautiful Paris, to witness the great exposition of the closing year of the Nineteenth Century. COLORED ORPHAN ASYLUM. The Colored Orphan Asylum, located at West 143rd street and Amsterdam avenue, New York, was incorporated in 1838. The institution receives orphans of both sexes, between the age to two and twelve years and provides for them gratuitously. Besides a common education the children are instructed in home industries. In 1898 there were 376 inmates. The institution is supported largely by the city and also receives many private contributions. The officers are: Mrs. Willard Parker, directress; Mrs. Leonard D. White, treasurer; M. K. Sherwin, superintendent. Ancient Order of Foresters. Among the beneficial organizations in the city wherein the Afro-American fig ures, may be mentioned the Ancient Order of Foresters. The society is but little known to the race, although established in America in 1839. It was founded in England in 1745. There are but four courts instituted among Afro-Amaricans, viz: Court Bournmouth, San Francisco in 1890; Court General Robert Elliott, Chicago in 1891. Court Robert A. Sibbald, the only one in New York city, was formed from an association headed by Isaac N. Benedict, president; A. J. Van Keuren, secretary. On March 9, 1895, the body was legally instituted with thirty-five members. Its present chief ranger is W. W. Johnson The order is steadily growing and bids fair to do much good in the community. 2 THE NEW YORK AGE: THURSDAY JANUARY 4, 1900 CHURCHES OF THE CITY. PROGRESS NOTED AMONG VARIOUS DENOMINATIONS An Uptown Movement Marked by the Acquirement of Handsome Edifices and Modern Equipment for the Work. "Mother Zion Church" holds a unique place in the religious history of New York City. It is thus designated, because it is the oldest Methodist organization separate from the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the United States. From it, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, now representing 8 bishops, 96 presiding elders, 3,200 itinerant preachers, 2,600 churches and 520,000 members, takes its name. In the year of 1796 James Varick, and about sixty other Negroes, who were members of Old John Street, the first Methodist Episcopal Church in America, because of the existence of proscription and other conditions, which hindered their intellectual development and religious growth, and prevented them from engaging in the work of spreading the cause of Christ and uplifting their own people, withdrew from that Church, and organized a separate and distinct society, where they could enjoy all of the aforesaid privileges. Their first Meeting House was located on Cross street, between Orange and Mulberry streets/ . After worshipping in this house for several years, they purchased a lot corner of Church and Leonard streets and erected a frame building, 35x45 feet. In 1801 this church was incorporated. In 1864, owing to the fact, that many of its members had moved further up in the city, the property corner of Church and Leonard streets was sold, and the present location, corner of 10th and Bleecker streets, was purchased for the sum of $43,000 cash. By the excellent financial management of its efficient trustees, this church has always been kept free from mortgage. MOTHER ZION CHURCH BISHOP JAMES VARICK For more than a century, the doors of Mother Zion have been open to advocates of all reform movements both in Church and State. Such orators as William Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips, Frederick Douglass and other anti-slavery champions have always found a hearty welcome in this historic church, and from its sacred rostrum the advocates of justice and liberty have given courage and inspiration to many. The Centennial Jubilee of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, one of the greatest events connected with the history of Afro-Americans, was celebrated in Mother Zion in October, 1896, under the administration of the present pastor, Rev. M.R. Franklin, D.D., whose four year's labors have been productive of great spiritual and financial success. The various departments of the church work are in active-working order, and the church's influence is a power for good in dozen members, worshipping in a little hall, it has developed into one of the strongest churches among colored people in this country. It is thoroughly organized, compact, loyal and progressive, ever emphasizing the spiritual, never neglecting the other essentials of a composite life. It has been exceedingly fortunate in pastoral oversight from the very beginning; each man has given heroic service, remained his full term and been succeeded by another who had the good sense to commence where his predecessor had sufficient grace to let go. One hundred and sixty persons professed faith at its altars during the past year, and from twelve to thirteen hundred listen to the story of the cross every Sunday evening. This church is not institutional but does much of the work done by the regular church, viz.: It seeks to provide for the entire man. There are twelve classes, one Sunday School, two Epworth League chapters, literary lyceum, sewing school, Industrial department, Mutual Aid Society, Silver Spray Circle, and Foreign and Home Missionary Societies. The property is valued at $75,000 and is free from all obligations. The present Pastor is Rev. W.H. Brooks, D.D. Mt. Tabor Presbyterian Church. In September, 1888, Rev. Horace C. Miller opened a mission Sabbath School in Harlem which was continued for nearly a year. On June 9, 1889, the Mt. Tabor Presbyterian Church was organized. The church is in the most needy locality of the city. For many years it was compelled to do its work in halls and store rooms. In 1898 the Trustees of the Presbytery of New York completed the erection of a church building for the church at 122 East 104th street. This building is perhaps the only one of the kind in the city. A neat dwelling house faces the street, which is used as a parsonage. Through a large hall you enter the church, which is erected upon all the adjoining lot. The basement is so arranged as to afford a beautiful Sabbath School room, which is also used as a Kindergarten room. The building is tastefully decorated and cost, about $1400. The membership is little less than a hundred. The Sabbath School numbers 125 [?] to make the nucleus of a Brooklyn Howard Colored Orphan Asylum. The Brooklyn Howard Colored Orphan Asylum, an institution caring for homeless and destitute colored children, was organized 1866 and incorporated September 7, 1868. This institution has grown from a small beginning, with a few orphan children sheltered in an old rented wooden building, to one of honorable recognition, and is to-day among the leading benevolent institutions of the city and State, caring year after year for upwards of two hundred destitute and orphan children, now housed in a convenient brick edifice of their own. The asylum buildings are located on Dean street, corner of Troy Avenue, Brooklyn. The main building is 50x75 feet, three stories and basement, with cupola 24x26 feet, 18 feet high, divided into two rooms for hospital purposes. The edifice is built of Coleburg brick, brown stone trimmings and has all modern improvements. costing $35,000. Its grounds embrace twenty city lots, and the purpose of the directors is to erect thereon a building to be used for an industrial school, in which trades of different kinds can be taught to the larger pupils. Rev. W.F. Johnson, who has been totally blind since 1848, has been the leading spirit in inspiring the zeal of the members of the society, and he with his brother, R.H. Johnson and wife, Mrs. M. Augustus Johnson, Mrs. Clift Bird, Mrs. E.A. Bunn, Mrs. Sylvania R. Thompson, the late Mrs. M.A. Wilkins, and late Mrs. M.E. Payne, Mrs. L.A. Cooper, the late Rev. A.N. Freeman, Mr. S.A. Thompson and others united in great self-denial and against great obstacles to carry forward the work in the interest of the orphans. Mr. Johnson is a native of Maryland, but was reared and received a common education in the schools of Ithaca, Tompkins county, N.Y. He spent three years in the Institute for the Blind, at which time William A. Cleveland was principal. Mr. Johnson has worked for the asylum with untiring energy, soliciting subscriptions for its maintenance. Among the subscribers to its support have been: Mr. Alason Trask, the Brooklyn philanthropist, Mrs. Eli Merrill, Mr. Andrew Whitlock, Rev. John Parker and many others. WHITE SOUTH'S MISTAKE. CAUSE OF STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN THE RACES A Veteran Politician Gives the Causes as He sees Them, why the Reconstruction Governments Failed. Written for The New York Age. In seeking for an answer to the question, "Why the Reconstruction Governments Failed," I shall give you the causes in the order of their importance, as they appear to me. Firstly: The unfriendly demeanor of the native Southern white man, and his refusal to co-operate with the Negro voter, in those States when the franchise had been bestowed on him, previous to the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, was, from the first, fatal to the success of the reconstruction experiment. It needs little argument to prove to the thoughtful man that, the intelligence, wisdom and moral support of the white men who had not only settled and developed the Southland, but had even reared the newly fledged colored citizens of that section, and whose future life, liberty and happiness was, with that of the Negro, wrapped up in the wise, discreet and honest administration of the affairs of state, were absolutely indispensable to the success of the new venture; and the only wonder if, to my mind, the fact that, without such co-operation, the effort succeeded, to the extent that it did. This view of the question was easily apparent, after a few years of experience, to some of the most thoughtful and shrewd politician and statesmen of the South; as the following statement made in the presence and hearing of the writer by the late Col. C.W. Dudley of Bennettsville, Marlboro County, South Carolina, will go far to prove; especially, when her consider that, Col. Dudley was a native South Carolinian, an ex-slave holder, a lawyer of large practice and acknowledged ability, the owner of a thousand acres of land in said county and for twelve years a member of the legislature of South Carolina, before the reconstruction period. white men-the "carpet baggers," so called-are, to a lesser degree, responsible for the failure of the Reconstruction Governments, I think. That these "carpet baggers" were patriotic, cannot, in my opinion, be successfully contradicted; for, as a rule, they were part and parcel of those brave soldiers who at the summons, had left home and comforts to risk, and some instances, sacrifice health and limbs that the Union might continue, "one and inseparable." And now, the war being ended and the Union saved, they were able and willing to direct in restoring law and order where chaos had, for a season, held full sway. They were composed, in part, of men from the farms, workshops, marts of trade and even the ranks of learned professions. Yet, these men were only human-the "Old Adam" was as strong in them as in the breast of the average mortal; and the hard knocks they had received from the unreconstructed rebels during the Civil War, as well as their belief that, in attempting to destroy the Union, the belligerent whites of the South, had morally, if not legally, forfeited pretty much everything save life, to the victor, left them in a mood rather unscrupulous, as to the manner in which they accounted for their stewardship. Still, it must be confessed, by persons who are willing to take an unbiased view of their conduct in the premises, that the constitutions modeled after those in our most prosperous Northern States, and the statutes enacted in pursuance of them, contained all the fundamental guarantees of life, liberty and happiness, which have conduced so largely towards the greatness, grandeur and happiness of the Anglo-Saxon race; and their sway of authority, when occupying executive positions, was mild, equitable and consistent towards both races and all classes alike. The opportunity however, which presented itself, in the condition of affairs, at that time, for amassing wealth by indirect methods, in a brief period of time, was a temptation too strong for successful resistance, on the part of many of them, and brought upon themselves ruin and shame; caused them to lose the respect and support of their friends in the North and in overturning the pillars which upheld the political fabrics constructed by them, crushed beneath the falling mass their too confiding dupes and victims. Thirdly; the ignorance of the Negro voters, then just enfranchised, by several States, must be counted as one of the NEW YORK FREE MASONS. Formation of the Grand Lodge of the State. Pursuant to a call of a Conference Committee appointed by the two grand lodges existing in the State, a convention of Master Masons was in held in Shiloh Church, 140 Sixth avenue, on December 26, 1877, and the following proclamation read and signed by the two Grand Masters: "In the name of God, amen. To all whom these presents come, Greeting: In as much as the whole Masonic body of the craft are now ready to unite in joint convention for the purpose of electing a Grand Master and other officers composing one Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons according to the articles of union adopted by the committee on reconciliation and ratified by the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge for the State of New York and by the United Grand Lodge of the State of New York on the evening of September 19, 1877; "Therefore, know ye that I, John Chase, M. W. G. M. of the M.W.G. Lodge, F. and A.M. for the State of New York, and I, Alfred J. Aldridge, M. W.G.M. of the United Grand Lodge, F. and A.M., of the State of New York, fo hereby renounce, relinquish and abstain from all authority, rights and jurisdiction of every and all powers pertaining to said office of Grand Masters, now and forever, unless thereunto elected in due course of Masonic Law." The convention proceeded to the election of the following grand officers: John Chase, M.W.C.M.; Alfred J. Aldridge, R.W.D.G.M.; Robert McDougall, R. W.S.G.M.; Geo. W.A. Murray, R.W. J.G.W.; Jos. A Trower, R.W.G. Treasurer; Wm. A. Tolbert, R.W.G. Secretary; Rev. Wm. F. Butler, R.W. G. Chaplain; W.T. Potter, R.W.G. Tyler. These officers were publicly installed in National Assembly Rooms on West 44th street on the evening of December 27, 1877, the ceremonies being performed by P.M.W.G. Master Walter H. Burr of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut assisted by Alfred Manning, M. W.G.M. of Connecticut; Isaiah Butler, R.W.J.G.W. of Connecticut; J. Brown, Grand Chaplain of Connecticut; Asbury Sterling, M.W.G.M. of State of Delaware; Samuel R. Scottron, P.G.M.; Peter W. Ray, P.G.M. State of New York and others. Cotton, grand standard bearer; P.H. Alexander, grand sword bearer; E.R. Spaulding, grand orator; L. Governs, grand director of ceremonies; Jno. J.T. Jackson, grand senior deacon; Jno. Jones. grand junior deacon; Bro. Geo. E. Washington, grand organist; Wm. T. Baker, grand pursuivant; Chas. Lewis, Wm. H. Stark, senior grand stewards; John G. Hill, R.J. Frazier, junior grand stewards; Shedrach Harris, grand tiler. AFRICAN SOCIETY FOR MUTUAL RELIEF. First among the societies formed for beneficial purposes in the early part of the past century was the New Yorl African Society for Mutual Relief. After several preliminary conversations and interviews a meetings was held in the school house for colored children in Rose street, June 6, 1808, and a constitution was finally adopted and officers elected for its government. It was finally incorporated by the legislature of the State of New York March 23, 1810. The incorporation was far in advance of the spirit of the age. It was six years before the legislature had passed the act to make New York a free State and about seventeen years before such act should take effect. It was to usher in an incorporated society before the manhood of its membership was acknowledged by the community at large. But it was the law. March 23rd was made a memorable day; to celebrate it in an appropriate manner, to appear on the public streets with flying colors and a band for music for the first time would surely attract a mob, and the consequences were feared amongst its own members, and to some extent, its friends. One friend remarked-and his remark was echoed by others-"Your society has a perfect right to every immunity which any other society has under its Act of Incorporation, and the city is bound by its obligations to preserve the peace, to protect and defend you; but such is the malignity of public prejudice that the authorities would be entirely powerless to protect you on the streets, and you would be torn in pieces by howling mobs." Nevertheless arrangements were completed and the order of march, headed by a full band, was ordered through the principal streets of the city. "We will go though death stare us in the face," said Hamilton, Latham, Teasman, Sipkins and the rest of them; and they did go, with hearts of true men; by their daring they compelled the monster public prejudice to falter in its step, so the men grasped him by the throat- hurling him to the earth-trampled under foot his prostrate body, proclaimed themselves the victors over him, with the right secured to march through the public streets of the city at will, then and thereafter forever. The society, after its incorporation. exerted a wide influence in the community, as results would seem to show. In fact, it became so large that out of it sprang the Clarkson Society, the Wilberforce Benevolent Society, the Union Society, the Woolman Society of Brooklyn, and its documents were taken as models for many others. The following have served as presidents: Adam Carman, Wm. Hamilton, John Teasman, Samuel Ennalls, Thomas L. Jinnings, Alexander Elston, Philip A. Bell, Wm. P. Powell, Charles B. Ray, Wm. H. Anthony, John J. Zuille, and Edward V.C. Eato. The first property purchased by the society was on Orange, now Baxter street in the year 1820, and was used for its meetings and the accommodation of other societies. Since the year 1886, it has acquired desirable property on the west side of the city, which is rented as homes for our people, and is situated in a good locality and with pleasant surroundings. The society has passed through a period of ninety-two years as a corporate body, holding meetings once a month with scarcely an omission. With real estate in its possession valued at not less $45,000, with a membership that includes some of the more active minded and physically strong of the men of our city; some of whom are connected with the branches of business that give the best insight into the paths to prosperity, with every chance open to enterprise and success, it can look forward to a prosperity which the future can only positively reveal. Officers are: E.V.C. Eato, president; M.P. Saunders, vice- president; F.E. Barreau, secretary; R. L. Swan, chaplain. Board of Trustees- J.W. Rutledge, chairman; W.B. Warren, secretary; Wm. H. Anthony, treasurer; Thos. B. McKeel, Jas. W. Conick. Sick Committee-Jas. E. Linwood, chairman; W.H. Carter, Jr., John H. Hicks. Committee on Admission-J.P. Williams, Frank Stanley, Chas. H. Lansing MOTHER ZION CHURCH. members of Old John Street, the first Methodist Episcopal Church in America, because of the existence of proscription and other conditions, which hindered their intellectual development and religious growth, and prevented them from engaging in the work of spreading the cause of Christ and uplifting their own people, withdrew from that Church, and organized a separate and distinct society, where they could enjoy all of the aforesaid privileges. Their first Meeting House was located on Cross street, between Orange and Mulberry streets. After worshipping in this house for several years, they purchased a lot corner of Church and Leonard streets and erected a frame building, 35x45 feet. In 1801 this church was incorporated. In 1864, owing to the fact, that many of its members BISHOP JAMES VARICK. had moved further up in the city, the property corner of Church and Leonard streets was sold, and the present location, corner of 10th and Bleecker streets, was purchased for the sum of $43,000 cash. By the excellent financial management of its efficient trustees, this church has always been kept free from mortgage. For more than a century, the doors of Mother Zion have been open to advocates of all reform movements, both in Church and State. Such orators as William Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips, Frederick Douglass and other anti-slavery champions have always found a hearty welcome in this historic church, and from its sacred rostrum the advocates of justice and liberty have given courage and inspiration to many. The Centennial Jubilee of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, one of the greatest events connected with the history of Afro-Americans, was celebrated in Mother Zion in October, 1896, under the administration of the present pastor, Rev. M. R. Franklin, D.D., whose four year's labors have been productive of great spiritual and financial success. The various spiritual and financial success. The various departments of the church work are in active-working order, and the church's influence is a power for good in the community. St. Philip's P. E. Church. Among the historic churches of New York, St. Philip's Church is entitled to high rank, its story running for a long period parallel with that of ancient Trinity. In 1818 the church was organized, it forming the tenth parish in the city. The first building was situated on Centre street and the first rector was the Rev. Peter Williams. In 1845, the parish made application for admission to the Diocesan Convention, which was finally granted after a struggle which lasted seven years. In 1856 the congregation moved to Mulberry street, and thirty years later to the present edifice on West 25th street. Among the rectors of the parish were Revs. William J. Alston and Joseph S. Attwell, both of whom died during their term of service. The present rector, Rev. Hutchens C. Bishop, was installed in March, 1886. The most notable events during his rectorate have been the improvement of the church property on West 30th street, including the erection of a parish house and rectory, and the doing away with the system of rented pews in favor of voluntary yearly subscriptions to the support of the church. In connection with the work of the parish there is a guild for the young men, a boys club, altar society, chapter of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, Dorcas Society, Female Assistance Society, sewing school, etc. St. Mark's M. E. Church The twenty-seven years' history of St. Mark's Methodist Episcopal Church has been phenomenal. From less than a Brooklyn Howard Colored Orphan Asylum. The Brooklyn Howard Colored Orphan Asylum, an institution caring for homeless and destitute colored children, was organized 1866 and incorporated September 7, 1868. This institution has grown from a small beginning, with a few orphan children sheltered in an old rented wooden building, to one of honorable recognition, and is to-day among the leading benevolent institutions of the city and State, caring year after year for upwards of two hundred destitute and orphan children, now housed in a convenient brick edifice of their own. The asylum buildings are located on Dean street, corner Troy avenue, Brooklyn. The main building is 50x75 feet, three stories and basement, with cupola 24x26 feet, 18 feet high, divided into two rooms for hospital purposes. The edifice is built of Coleburg brick, brown stone trimmings and has all modern improvements, costing $35,000. Its grounds embrace twenty city lots, and the purpose of the directors is to erect thereon a building to be used for an industrial school, in which trades of different kinds can be taught to the larger pupils. Rev. W. F. Johnson, who has been totally blind since 1848, has been the leading spirit in inspiring the zeal of the members of the society, and he with his brother, R. H. Johnson and wife, Mrs. M. Augustus Johnson, Mrs. Clift Bird, Mrs. E. A. Bunn, Mrs. Sylvania R. Thompson, the late Mrs. M. A. Wilkins, and late Mrs. M. E. Payne, Mrs. L. A. Cooper, the late Rev. A. N. Freeman, Mr. S. A. Thompson and others united in great self-denial and against great obstacles, to carry forward the work in the interest of the orphans. Mr. Johnson is a native of Maryland, but was reared and received a common education in the schools of Ithaca, Tompkins county, N. Y. He spent three years in the Institute for the Blind, at which time William A. Cleveland was principal. Mr. Johnson has worked for the asylum with untiring energy, soliciting subscriptions for its maintenance. Among the subscribers to its support have been: Mr. Alason Trask, the Brooklyn philanthropist, Mrs. Eli Merrill, Mr. Andrew Whitlock, Rev. John Parker and many others. dozen members, worshipping in a little hall it has developed into one of the strongest churches among colored people in this country. It is thoroughly organized, compact, loyal and progressive, ever emphasizing the spiritual, never neglecting the other essentials of a composite life. It has been exceedingly fortunate in pastoral oversight from the very beginning; each man has given heroic service, remained his full term and been succeeded by another who had the good sense to commence where his predecessor had sufficient grace to let go. One hundred and sixty persons professed faith at its altars during the past year, and from twelve to thirteen hundred listen to the story of the cross every Sunday evening. The church is not institutional but does much of the work done by the regular institutional church, viz.: It seeks to provide for the entire man. There are twelve classes, one Sunday School, two Epworth League chapters literary lyceum, sewing school, industrial department, Mutual Aid Society, Silver Spray Circle and Foreign and Home Missionary Societies. The property is valued at $75,000 and is free from all obligations. The present pastor is Rev. W. H. Brooks, D. D. Mt. Tabor Presbyterian Church. In September, 1888, Rev. Horace C. Miller opened a mission Sabbath School in Harlem which was continued for nearly a year. On June 9, 1889, the Mt. Tabor Presbyterian Church was organized. The church is in the most needy locality of the city. For many years it was compelled to do its work in halls and store rooms. In 1898 the Trustees of the Presbytery of New York completed the erection of a church building for the church at 122 East 104th street. This building is perhaps the only one of the kind in the city. A neat dwelling house faces the street, which is used as a parsonage. Through a large hall you enter the church, which is erected upon all the adjoining lot. The basement is so arranged as to afford a beautiful Sabbath School room, which is also used as a Kindergarten room. The building is tastefully decorated and cost about $1400. The membership is little less than a hundred. The Sabbath School numbers 125 and promised to make the nucleus of a good church in the future. The church conducts a daily Kindergarten and has a literary society which meets weekly. The ladies have a sewing circle and bazaar for teaching simple branches of industries for the aid of the needy and the sale of useful articles. The Brotherhood of Andrew and Philip conducts a club, with reading and reception rooms for men and gymnasium for boys. The church needs one or two missionary workers and would then be well equipped for city institutional church work among the masses of the needy poor. Christmas Tree Exercises. The Christmas tree exercises at Mother Zion on Tuesday evening, Dec. 26, were very pleasant, as was indicated by the smiling faces of the children and Superintendent E. V. C. Eato, teachers and friends. After a short program by the younger scholars, the entrance of old Santa Claus caused much merriment. The presents were then distributed. The pastor, Rev. M. R. Franklin, received from the board of stewardesses, Mrs. Aleszenia Thomas, president, a purse containing $16 and Mrs. M. R. Franklin a purse of $6.25. A pleasing feature of the occasion was the presentation by members of the Varick Christian Endeavor Society to their president, Mrs. Nettie Brown, of a handsome gold Christian Endeavor pin for her earnest and successful work in the society. It was a complete surprise to the president. Many members and friends were present and all enjoyed the evening's exercises. WHITE SOUTH'S MISTAKE. CAUSE OF STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN THE RACES A Veteran Politician Gives the Causes as He sees Them, why the Reconstruction Governments Failed. Written for The New York Age. In seeking for an answer to the question, "Why the Reconstruction Governments Failed," I shall give you the causes in the order of their importance, as they appear to me. Firstly; the unfriendly demeanor of the native Southern white man, and his refusal to co-operate w[ith] the Negro voter, in those States when the franchise had been bestowed on him, previous to the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, was, from the first, fatal to the success of the reconstruction experiment. It needs little argument to prove to the thoughtful man that, the intelligence, wisdom and moral support of the white men who had no only settled and developed the Southland, but had even reared the newly fledged colored citizens of that section, and whose future life, liberty and happiness was, with that of the Negro, wrapped up in the wise, discreet and honest administration of the affairs of state, were absolutely indispensable to the success of the new venture; and the only wonder is, to my mind, the fact that, without such co-operation, the effort succeeded, to the extent that it did. This view of the question was easily apparent, after a few years of experience, to some of the most thoughtful and shrewd politician and statesmen of the South; as the following statement made in the presence and hearing of the writer by the late Col C. W. Dudley of Bennettsville, Marlboro Country, South Carolina, will go far to prove; especially, when we consider that, col. Dudley was a native South Carolinian, an ex-slave holder, a lawyer of large practice and acknowledged ability, the owner of a thousand acres of land in said county and for twelve years a member of the legislature of South Carolina, before the reconstruction period. "We have made a mistake," said the Colonel, "in the policy adopted and pursued by us, towards our colored citizens and the Republican party in general; and, I fear, it is now too late to repair the damage done. We should have fraternized with you, and inspired you with confidence in us. Had we adopted this plan, we could have gained a place in your affections and enjoyed the opportunity of contributing of our superior knowledge and greater experience, toward the reconstruction and government of the State. But, instead of this, we have held aloof from you and treated you with studied scorn; instead of voting with you, and assisting in the selecting of the best men of our own county and State, we have either kept away from the polls altogether, or else wasted our strength in futile efforts to elect men to office who differed radically from you; while strangers have come in, from abroad, and usurped the reins of government; and now oppress us beyond endurance." If the foresight of the Colonel and his associates in the "Palmetto State" had been as correct as their "hind-sight," a very sad chapter in the history of the South would remain unwritten, and the relations existing to-day between the two races in that section would be shorn of much of the bitterness and hatred, which at times, manifest themselves in acts of horrid cruelty, on the part of the whites toward the blacks, and cause the blush of shame to mantle the cheek of Southern manhood. Secondly; the 'vaulting ambition" and avarice of some of the Northern white men--the "carpet baggers" so called--are, to a lesser degree, responsible for the failure of the Reconstruction Governments, I think. That these "carpet baggers" were patriotic, cannot in my opinion, be successfully contradicted; for, as a rule, they were part and parcel of those brave soldiers who at the summons, had left home and comforts to risk, and in some instances, sacrifice health and limbs that the Union might continue, "one and inseparable." And now, the war being ended and the Union saved, they were able and willing to direct in restoring law and order where chaos had, for a season, held full sway. They were composed, in part, of men from the farms, workshops, marts of trade and even the ranks of the learned professions. yet, these men were only human--the "Old Adam" was as strong in them as in the breast of the average mortal; and the hard knocks they had received from the unreconstructed rebels during the Civil war, as well as their belief that, in attempting to destroy the Union, the belligerent whites of the South, had morally, if not legally, forfeited pretty much everything save life, to the victor, left them in a mood in which they accounted for their stewardship. Still it must be confessed, by persons who are willing to take an unbiased view of their conduct in the premises, that the constitutions modeled after those in our most prosperous Northern States, and the statutes enacted in pursuance of them, contained all the fundamental guarantees of life, liberty and happiness, which have conduced so largely towards the greatness, grandeur and happiness of the Anglo-Saxon race; and their sway of authority, when occupying executive positions, was mild, equitable and consistent towards both races and all classes alike. The opportunity however, which presented itself, in the condition of affairs, at that time, for amassing wealth by indirect methods, in a brief period of time was a temptation too strong for successful resistance, on the part of many of them, and brought upon themselves ruin and shame; caused them to lose the respect and support of their friends in the North and in overturning the pillars which upheld the political fabrics constructed by them, crushed beneath the falling mass their too confiding dupes and victims. Thirdly; the ignorance of the Negro voters, then just enfranchised by several States, must be counted as one of the potent causes of the failure of Reconstruction. I am not one of those, however, who grumble and challenge the wisdom of the statesmen who conferred on the freedmen the boon of suffrage, at that early hour; for, we must never forget that the Government having just emerged from a life and death struggle with the powers of secession and rebellion, was in no humor to place the work of reconstruction in the hands of men who had drawn the sword against the flag; and turned with confidence and pleasure to the loyal Negro, who had always been faithful and reliable, and in whose friendly offices, so much of support and comfort had been found by the Union soldier during the terrible conflict. The Government stood, at that time, more in need of true and loyal hearts than of educated heads; and it found them in the Negro. So, he was enfranchised; and by virtue thereof, performed a grand and glorious work at a time and place needed. That he was, in many instances, the dupe of wily and unscrupulous politicians, goes without saying; and that this, in turn contributed its share towards the failure of the Reconstruction Governments, no one will deny; but, from my point of view, an ignorant black who loves his country, is much less to be dreaded than an intelligent white who tries to wreck it. JOHN P. GREEN. Washington, D. C., Dec. 27, 1899. Rev. William Spelman, who died in 1891, was one of the historic characters of New York, having organized Abyssinian Baptist Church in the fifties. NEW YORK FREE MASONS. Formation of the Grand Lodge of the State. Pursuant to a call of a Conference Committee appointed by the two grand lodges existing in the State, a convention of Master Masons was held in Shiloh Church, 140 Sixth avenue, on December 25, 1877, and the following proclamation read and signed by the two Grand Masters: "In the name of God, amen. To all whom these presents come, Greeting : In as much as the whole Masonic body of the craft are now ready to unite in joint convention for the purpose of electing a Grand Master and other officers composing one Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons according to the articles of union adopted by the committee on reconciliation and ratified by the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge for the State of New York and by the United Grand Lodge of the State of New York on the evening of September 19, 1877; "Therefore, know ye that I, John Chase, M. W. G. M. of the M. W. G. Lodge, F. AND A. M., for the State of New York, and I, Alfred J. Aldridge, M. W. G. M. of the United Grand Lodge, F. and A. M., of the State of New York, do hereby renounce, relinquish and abstain from all authority, rights and jurisdiction of every and all powers pertaining to said office of Grand Masters, now and forever, unless thereunto elected in due course of Masonic Law." The convention proceeded to the election of the following grand officers: John Chase, M. W. C. M.; Alfred J. Aldridge, R. W. D. G. M.; Robert McDougall, R. W. S. G. M.; Geo. W. A. Murray, R. W. J. G. W.; Jos. A. Trower, R. W. G. Treasurer; Wm. A. Tolbert, R. W. G. Secretary; Rev. Wm. F. Butler, R. W. G. Chaplain; W. T. Potter, R. W. G. Tyler. These officers were publicly installed in National Assembly Rooms installed in National Assembly Rooms on West 44th street on the evening of December 27, 1877, the ceremonies being performed by P. M. W. G. Master Walter H. Burr of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut assisted by Alfred Manning, M. W. G. M. of Connecticut; Isaiah Butler, R. W. J. G. W. of Connecticut; J. Brown, Grand Chaplain of Connecticut; Asbury Sterling, M. W. G. M. of State of Delaware; Samuel R. Scottron, P. G. M. ; Peter W. Ray, P. G. M. State of New York and others. Its first regular communication was held in the hall, 140 Sixth avenue, on January 24, 1878. The following brethren have succeeded to the office of M. W. Grand Master; Alfred J. Aldridge and Wm. C. H. Curtis of New York city, Wm. H. Johnson of Albany, H. C. Molson of Norwich, Jno. H. Deyo and E. B. Irving of Albany, E. R. Spaulding of Owego. Twenty-seven lodges are active with a membership of over five hundred and seventy-five in good standing. The annual communication held in New York city, on June 7, 1899, was the fiftieth anniversary of its origin in the State as a united body. The oldest lodge in the jurisdiction is Boyer Lodge No. 1, F. A. M., of New York city, which was instituted in the month of February, 1826. The following are the present officers of the Grand Lodge: M. W. Ed. V. C. Eato, New York city, grand master; Right Worthies' Ethelbert Evans, Troy, deputy grand master; Thos. H. Steward, Brooklyn, senior grand warden; Henry A. Spencer, Rochester, junior grand warden; M. Luther Hunter, New York city, grand treasurer; Benjamin Myers, New York city, grand secretary; Ed. B. Dalton, D. D. G. M., Borough of Manhattan; Geo. W. A. Murray, D. D. G. M., Borough of Brooklyn; Jos. E. S. Williams, D. D. G. M., Eastern District; Chas. S. Robbins, D. D. G. M., Central District; Jno. W. Thompson, D. D. G. M., Western District; Thos. H. Barnes, D. D. G. M., Southern District; James McCadden, grand lecturer; Wm. Dandridge, grand chaplain; Major R. Poole, grand marshal; W. Oscar Payne, grand register; Wm. own members, and to some extent, its friends. One friend remarked--and his remark was echoed by others--"Your society has a perfect right to every immunity which any other society has under its Act of Incorporation, and the city is bound by its obligations to preserve the peace, to protect and defend you; but such is the malignity of public prejudice that the authorities would be entirely powerless to protect you on the streets, and you would be torn in pieces by howling mobs." Nevertheless arrangements were completed and the order of march, headed by a full band, was ordered through the principal streets of the city. "We will go though death stare us in the face," said Hamilton, Lathan, Teasman, Sipkins and the rest of them; and they did go, with hearts of true men; by their daring they compelled the monster public prejudice to falter in its step, so the men grasped him by the throat--hurling him to the earth--trampled under foot his prostrate body, proclaimed themselves the victors over him, with the right secured to march through the public streets of the city at will, then and thereafter forever. The society, after its incorporation exerted a wide influence in the community, as results would seem to show. In fact, it became so large that out of it sprang the Clarkson Society, the Wilberforce Benevolent Society, the Union Society, the Woolman Society of Brooklyn, and its documents were taken as models for many others. The following have served as presidents; Adam Carman, Wm. Hamilton, John Teasman, Samuel Ennalls, Thomas L. Jinnings, Alexander Elston, Philip A. Bell, Wm. P. Powell, Charles B. Ray, Wm. H. Anthony, John J. Zuille, and Edward V. C. Eato. The first property purchased by the society was on Orange, now Baster street, in the year 1820, and was used for its meetings and the accomodation of other societies. Since the year 1886, it has acquired desirable property on the west side of the city, which is rented as homes for our people, and is situated in a good locality and with pleasant surroundings. The society has passed through a period of ninety-two years as a corporate body, holding meetings once a month with scarcely an omission. With real estate in its possession valued at not less $45,000, with a membership that includes some of the ore active minded and physically strong of the men of our city; some of whom are connected with the branches of business that give the best insight into the paths to prosperity, with every chance open to enterprise and success, it can look forward to a prosperity which the future can only positively reveal. Officers are: E. V. C. Eato, president; M. P. Saunders, vice-president; F. E. Barreau, secretary; R. L. Swan, chaplain. Board of Trustees-- J. W. Rutledge, chairman; W. B. Warren, secretary; Wm. H. Anthony, treasurer; Thos. B. McKeel, Jas. W. conick. Sick Committee--Jas. E. Linwood, chairman; W. H. Carter, Jr., John H. Hicks, Committee on Admission--J. P. Williams, Frank Stanley, Chas. H. Lansing, Jr. NEW HAVEN HAPPENINGS. Incidents of the Holidays under the Elms. NEW HAVEN, Jan. 2,--The Christmas tree anniversary of St. Luke's P. E. Sunday School was celebrated last Friday evening, Dec. 29, at Trinity Parish house, Temple street, with a splendid gathering of little and big folks. The children's singing and dialogues were excellent. The greatest feature of the evening was the eight little tots dressed in pure white who went through the manual of arms with flags, drilled by little May Amos. The command, as well as the execution, was simply wonderful. Superintendent Alonzo Johnson gave out the presents. Assistant Superintendent Charles H. Phillips, on behalf of the teachers, presented to Superintendent Johnson a handsome umbrella. Mrs. Mary J. Merriman of 39 Broad street met with a painful accident Dec. 24, by falling down stairs at her home and spraining her right arm. She will be confined to the house for a month. Councilman and Mrs. Moses T. Rice gave a whist party at their residence, 313 Dixwell avenue, last Friday evening and entertained a number of their friends. S. G. Manyard has returned after a pleasant visit to Williamstown, Mass., and Troy, N. Y. Mrs. Robert Manyard of Greenwich, N. Y., will spend the winter with her sons in the city. Watch meeting services were held at Zion A. M. E. and the Immanuel Baptist Churches. THE NEW YORK AGE: THURSDAY. JANUARY 4, 1900. 3 PATERSON PENCILINGS. Numerous Entertainments During Christmas Week. PATERSON, Jan. 2--The residence of Mrs. Charles Hermon Schoonmaker, on the Eastside, was made a place of much pleasure by the hostess and her niece, Miss Ednah M Williams, for their many friends during Christmas week Miss Williams gave a progressive whist party on Tuesday evening, Dec. 28 After the game was over prizes were given to the winners. Among the successful ones, were Miss Julia Dickson of Brooklyn, Cornelius F. Brown and Ernest Dickson, both of Passaic, N. J. Ernest Dickson won the booby prize. The guests were then led into a beautifully decorated dining room, and seated at a table laden with all the delicacies of the season. This was followed by music and dancing until an early hour. Among the guests were Misses Julia Marie and Geneva Weeks, Ida B Taylor, Mrs. Lizzie G. Boyd, Mrs. Wm. Booker, Messrs. Wm. E. Hopper, Wm. Booker, John Van Dyke and Leroy Baxter of Newark. Miss Madeline Schoonmaker had a Christmas "At Home" to her little friends on Friday afternoon. Their hostess, though only eight years of age, assured her guests a delightful time Those present were: Misses Nina and Virgie Keyes, Lidelle Pitney, Masters Harold Williams and Sidney Hopper. On Thursday after noon Mrs. Schoonmaker gave an after noon tea, which was very well attended. The hostess was attired in lavender silk, covered with black brussels net. Miss Williams wore taffeta silk. Miss Julia Weeks received. On Thursday evening Misses Julia and Geneva Weeks gave a card party. An elabor ate supper was served, for which Mr. B Weeks is to be congratulated. Mrs Eliza Berry and granddaughter, Miss Lottie Thompson, have taken a trip to Worcester, Mass., to visit the former's sister-in-law Mrs. Scott. On Tuesday evening Mr. and Mrs. David Satchell gave a party in honor of Mr. Nelson Outler, who left for Newbern, N. C., on Friday. Those who attended were: Rev C. D. Hazel, Mrs. Samuel E Griffin, Mrs. Daniel Hall, Mrs Lucy Franklin, Mrs. Jessie T. White, Louis Rouser and Geo. Royston. Moses A. Campbell left for Newbern, on Friday. Miss Carrie Williams of Hackensack spent New Year's with her cousin, Mrs. Morgan Thomas of Lawrence street. Mrs Lu Hall, Mrs Dunn and Mrs. Kuff of Passaic were the guests of Mrs Hattie Griffin Christmas. The funeral of Robert Banks took place on Tuesday afternoon from the A. M. E. Zion Church, Godwin street, and was largely attended. Rev. C. D. Hazel, assisted by Rev. D. Hall, spoke in behalf of the deceased. Interment in Laurel Grove Cemetery. Rev. Mr. Sheppey, pastor of Port Jervis A. U. M. P. Church, is in town for a few days. He will preach at Passaic Mrs. Jessie T. White's kindergarten opened on Tuesday. Mrs. James Henry and son, Harold, spent New Year's in Ridgewood. ROCHESTER RIPPLES. Douglass' Birthday to be Observed by a Banquet. ROCHESTER, Jan. 2.--The 14th of February, Douglass birthday, will be celebrated in this city by a banquet which promises to be one of the most brilliant affairs of the kind ever given in this part of the State Among the speakers who have been asked to respond to toasts are: Prof. Booker T. Washington, ex-Governor P. B. S. Pinchback, T. Thomas Fortune, Congressman George H. White, Bishop Alexander Walters and Charles W. Anderson. The entertainment for the benefit of Trinity Mission at Central Church last Thursday evening was not largely attended The program was excellent and consisted of the best local talent. Miss Louise Walker of Ithaca was the guest of Miss Florence Sprague. Miss Sprague tendered a reception in honor of her guest last Wednesday Miss Hattie Lee of Niagra Falls was the guest of John G. Lee during the past week Miss Lee was entertained Tues- by Miss Daisie Washing- COLORED SCHOOL NO 1 OLD MULBERRY STREET SCHOOL. This historic Building, which has long since given way to the march of improvement, dated back to the early part of the Century. The school was established as an African Free School in 1820 but afterward became a part of the public school system. General Lafayette visited the school in 1824. For many years the principal was the Rev. John Peterson, who more than any other man of his time, impressed his strong individuality upon several generations of scholars, who remember him affectionately as "Pop" or "Uncle John." His death occurred in 1885, in the 81st year of his age. REV. JOHN PETERSON FACTS FROM FLUSHING. Sudden Death of Mrs. Eva Gaines. FLUSHING, Jan. 2.--At the Macedonia A. M. E Church Sunday morning the pastor preached from Rev. ii, 12, "The Open Book"; evening I John ii, 18: "Little children, it is the last time." The old year was watched out and the new year ushered in while the whole congregation knelt in silent prayer. Next Sunday Rev. Mr. Smith will deliver his annual New Year's sermon in the morning and to the young people in the evening. The Ebenezer Baptist Church was well attended all day Sunday. Rev. Mr. Harvey officiated and preached two interesting sermons. The watch night prayer meeting proved very successful. Prof. Alfred Robbs and his choir sang some beautiful anthems. On Tuesday evening a masquerade party was given at the residence of Mrs Ada Todd on Prince street. A goodly number gathered and many varieties of costumes were represented. Wednesday evening the Christmas tree was celebrated at the Mission Sunday School. Thursday evening Christmas exercises were held at the Macedonia Church. The scholars of both schools received some nice and useful presents. Friday evening the hat trimming social was changed to an observation social. Two prizes were given: A handsome vase to Mrs Alice Ames and to Jacob Ketcham a beautiful cup and saucer. On Friday evening Misses Lizzie Williams, Emma Fox and Hattie Cuffee were the principal participants in a concert given in Harlem. Miss Hattie Rugg of Sag Harbor spent the holidays with Mrs. Cuffee of Lincoln street Mr BEREAN BAPTIST CHURCH. The Berean Baptist Church is a handsome brick edifice situated on Bergen street, near Rochester avenue, Brooklyn. The building was secured through the unceasing energy of its pastor, Rev. L. Joseph Brown, who is corresponding secretary of the New England Baptist Missionary Convention, and also corresponding secretary of the Baptist Missionary Union of the State of New REV. L. JOSEPH BROWN. York. The Berean Baptist Church has an interesting history. The beautiful building which the congregation now worship in was built by Rev L Joseph Brown at a cost of $17,000, of which $11,000 has been paid. The old church, which was destroyed by fire several years ago, was situated on a hill at Rochester avenue, near Park Place. In its destruction Brooklyn lost one of its oldest landmarks, it being the fifth oldest church in Brooklyn, having been erected in 1851. The church society dates in organization back to 1849, since who was formerly in business for him self, has entire manag[e]ment of the restaurant and much credit is due him for the success that has thus far been attained. NEWSY NEWARK NOTES. Incidents and Accidents of the Holiday Week. M[r]s. J. H. Brown and her two younges[t] daughters of 10 West Kinney street left for Petersburg, Va., on a holiday visit to her parents and friends. This is her first visit to her former home. Mr. J. H. Bird of Port Huron, Mich., is in the city on a month's vacation. His many friends of the Friend ship Benevolent Society greeted him on Christm[a]s night at their hall, 867 Broad street, with a hearty collation. Mr. Bird resided in Newark until about eight years ago. He was an active member of this society and a noted politician. The ladies of the Pennington Street, Congregational, Bethany Baptist, Presbyterian and Christian Tabernacle Churches have all closed their labors in the several b[a]zaars and fairs for the holiday season with much success. At the Plane Street Church exercises were held each evening. On Thursday evening a duet was sung by D M. Wells and Miss Eveline Smith; solo, G. W. Fairfax; readings, Miss Mary Van Blonk and Mrs Frazier. Mr. Miller N. Rogers of 59 Eighth avenue net with a serious accident a few days ago. While standing on a ladder washing windows, the ladder slipped and he fell from the second story to the ground, knocking out six front teeth and otherwise injuring his face and hands. Fortunately no bones were EDWARD B. WRIGHT, President Southern Beneficial League. THE SOUTHERN BENEFICIAL LEAGUE. The Southern Beneficial League is a society composed of men of Southern birth or parentage. It was organized May 12, 1886, having for its objects the establishment of a perfect union among this class of our community and to promote their love and patriotism for the land of their birth or adoption; to provide for the sick, distressed and indigent brothers, who have left their places of nativity or adoption, in search of sustenance, education and progression; to bury them when deceased, to promote their mutual interests with the hope that they will be the means of germinating and devising projects and enterprises that will still further enhance its interests, encourage its progress, stimulate its fundamental principles and to ensure means of ready relief in any and all emergencies. The league is conducted on a strictly business system, which enables the organization to have a bank account of more than $4,000 CHIEF EDWARD F. LEE. A MAN OF OPPORTUNITY. Of Edward E. Lee, chief of the United Colored Democracy, Mr. Edwin F. Horne said in a recent article: "There have been men of destiny but Edward E Lee is a man of opportunity. He understood his environment --he has understood himself. He has bettered his own condition, and has been a potent factor in bringing about conditions that have bettered the state of many. He is a graduate of the school of adversity; he has mastered the course. His deeds are his dipl[o]ma. By industry, honesty of purpose, uprightness of life, he has stamped his individuality upon his times. "In early life he was a humble, hard working plasterer. In the odd moments of interval in his work he cultivated his mind. He served as a soldier in the War of Rebel[l]ion. For five years thereafter he held a responsible position in the Bureau of Printing and Engraving, Washington, D. C. He became a citizen of New York a quarter of a century ago. He entered into the hotel business. His success in that field needs no comment. To him is due the sys tem so well operated in the hotels among the bellmen to-day. He has placed hundreds of colored men in hotel posi tions. he has always used his position to advantage in giving work to colored men. Throughout the land are colored doctors, lawyers, preachers and teachers who were helped on their way by Mr. Lee, who responded at a critical time to their call." The United Colored Democracy of GRAND ARMY POSTS. In Greater New York there are four Grand Army Posts among Afro-Americans, the John A. Andrew, Thaddeus Stevens, William Lloyd Garrison and Henry Ward Beecher Posts. The John Andres Post is called the crack COL. GEORGE E. BENNETT. post among Afro-Americans. Colone George E. Bennett, its commander, was recently re elected to a second term. He is one of the most popular Grand Sidney Hopper. On Thursday afternoon Mrs. Schoonmaker gave an afternoon tea, which was very well attended. The hostess was attired in lavender silk, covered with black brussels net. Miss Williams wore taffeta silk. Miss Julia Weeks received. On Thursday evening Misses Julia and Geneva Weeks gave a card party. An elabor ate supper was served, for which Mr. B Weeks is to be congratulated. Mrs Eliza Berry and granddaughter, Miss Lottie Thompson, have taken a trip to Worcester, Mass., to visit the former's sister-in-law Mrs. Scott. On Tuesday evening Mr. and Mrs. David Satchell gave a part in honor of Mr. Nelson Cutler, who left for Newbern, N. C., on Friday. Those who attended were: Rev C D. Hazel, Mrs. Samuel E Griffin, Mrs. Daniel Hall, Mrs. Lucy Franklin, Mrs. Jessie T. White, Louis Rouser and Geo. Royston. Moses A. Campbell left for Newbern, on Friday. Miss Carrie Williams of Hackensack spent New Year's with her cousin, Mrs. Morgan Thomas of Lawrence street. Mrs Lu Hall, Mrs Dunn and Mrs. Kuff of Passaic were the guests of Mrs. Hattie G[r]iffin Christmas. The funeral of Robert Banks took place of Tuesday afternoon from the A.M.E Zion Church, Goodwin street, and was largely attended. Rev C.D. Hazel, assisted by Rev. D. Hall, spoke in behalf of the deceased. Interment in Laurel Grove Cemetery. Rev. Mr. Sheppey, pastor of Port Jervis A. U. M. P. Church, is in town for a few days. He will preach at Passaic Mrs. Jessie T. White's kindergarten opened on Tuesday, Mrs. James Henry and son, Harold, spent New Year's in Ridgewood. ROCHESTER RIPPLES Douglass' Birthday to be Observed by a banquet ROCHESTER, Jan. 2.- The 14th of February, Douglass' birthday, will be celebrated in this city by a banquet which promises to be one of the most brilliant affairs of the kind ever given in this part of the State Among the speakers who have been asked to respond to toasts are: Prof. Booker T. Washington, ex Governor P. B. S. Pinchback, T. Thomas Fortune, Congressman George H. White, Bishop Alexander Walters and Charles W. Anderson. The entertainment for the benefit of Trinity Mission at Central Church last Thursday evening was not largely attended. The program was excellent and consisted of the best local talent. Miss Louise walker of Ithaca was the guest of Miss Florence Sprague. Miss Sprague tendered a reception in honor of her guest last Wednesday Miss Hattie Lee of Niagara Falls was the guest of John G. Lee during the past week. Miss Lee was entertained Tuesday evening by Miss Daisie Washington. Zion Church Sunday School had a large and well filled Christmas tree Christmas night. The church was filled. All the little ones were remembered , as were also the teachers and pastor. Miss Ella Young entertained a number of friends Dec. 25, having for their enjoyment a Christmas tree containing something for all present. THE AGE IN BOSTON Copies of the The Age are on sale weekly at the following places in Boston, where orders may be left: Reed's stationery store, 155 Cambridge street; Edward Foote, 194 Northampton street; Humphrey Smith, 626 Shawmut avenue, J. H. Hawkins, 374a Tremont street. Benjamin P. Scott Dead Benjamin P. Scott died Monday morning, Dec 25, after three days illness at his home, 68 West 43rd street. The funeral was solemnized in Abyssinian Baptist Church at 12 o'clock on Sunday. Rev. R. D. Wyon, the pastor officiated. His remarks were eloquent and impressive. Deceased was born in Richmond, Va, 42 years ago, and became a member of the Baptist church when quite young He has resided here several years. He leaves a wife and young son His mother, who attended his funeral and several relatives at his birthplace, survive him Howard Union Lodge of Odd Fellows, Richard Allen Taber[c]acle No. 5, Sons and Daughters of Moses, the Banquet club and Cal[u]met Bicycle Club, of which he was a member, were present to pay their last tribute of respect The floral tributes were beautiful. The body was interred at Cypress Hills Cemetery. OLD MULBERRY STREET SCHOOL This historic Building, which has long since give way to the march of improvement, dated back to the early part of the Century. The school was established as an African Free school in 1820 but afterward became a part of the public school system. General Lafayette visited the school in 1824. For many years the principal was the Rev. John Peterson, who more than any other man of his time, impressed his strong individuality upon several generations of scholars, who remember him affectionately as "Pop" or "Uncle John." His death occurred in 1885, in the 81st year of his age. FACTS FROM FLUSHING Sudden Death of Mrs. Eva Gaines, Flushing, Jan 2. - At the Macedonia A. M. E. church Sunday morning the pastor preached from Rev ii,12 "The Open Book"; evening I John ii, 18: "Little children, it is the last time." The old year was watched out and the new year ushered in while the whole congregation knelt in silent prayer. Next Sunday Rev. Mr. Smith will deliver his annual New Year's sermon in the morning and to the young people in the evening. The Ebenezer Baptist Church was well attended all day Sunday. Rev. Mr. Harvey officiated and preached to interesting sermons. The watch night prayer meeting proved very successful. Prof. Alfred Robbs and his choir sang some beautiful anthems. On Tuesday evening a masquerade party was given at the residence of Mrs. Ada Todd on Prince street. A goodly number gathered and many varieties of costumes were represented. Wednesday evening the Christmas tree was celebrated at the Mission Sunday School. Thursday evening Christmas exercises were held at the Macedonia Church. The scholars of both schools received some nice and useful presents. Friday evening the [h]at trimming social was changed to an observation social. Two prizes were given: A handsome vase to Mrs. Alice Ames and to Jacob Ketcham a beautiful cup and saucer. On Friday evening Misses Lizzie Williams, Emma Fox and Hattie C[u]ffee were the principal participants in a concert given in Harlem. Miss hattie Rugg of Sag Harbor spent the holidays with Mrs. C[u]ffee on Lincoln street Mr and Mrs William Sands of New York were the guests of Mrs. G. Hudnell. Numerous other visitors enjoyed their holidays in Flushing. A fine time was spent at the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Augustus Fleet on Christmas eve, in honor of Misses F[l]ossie Bundy and Lizzie C[o]xson of Manhattan and Miss Daisy Craig and Fred. Spencer. Mrs. Eva Gaines of 87 Farrington avenue departed this life on Saturday afternoon at 3 o'clock. She had been sick for a few weeks and was ab[l]e to be about Christmas, but a relapse proved her last. She will be buried on Wednesday from the residence of her mother-in-law, Bradford avenue. Stoke. - Field. Relatives and nearest friends witnessed the marriage of Miss Molly fields and Mr. Thomas Stokes on Thursday evening, December 21, at the home of the bride's mother, Mrs. Amy Fields, 53 Vernon avenue, Long Island city. Miss Ella Cannon was the maid of honor and Mr. Edward W. Byden. Jr, officiated as best man. The bride was arrayed in a pretty gown of white satin with pearl trimmings she carried a bouquet of white carnations Announcement cards of the marriage and cards for the reception 444 West 27 [n] street on Sunday, Dec 24 from 3 to 11 P. M , were sent out to their many friends. Among those present at the wedding were: Rev and Mrs. Wm. H. Brooks, Mr and Mrs. Thomas L[a]ue, Mr. and Mrs F Headdy, Mrs. Thomas Wright, Mrs. Gonzalez and mother, Miss E Provost, Mr. R[e]ctor, J Thompkins and P. Tillmann. There were several valuable presents from their friends. BEREAN BAPTIST CHURCH The Berean Baptist Church is a handsome brick edifice situated on Bergen street, near Rochester avenue, Brooklyn. The building was secured through the unceasing energy of its pastor, Rev. L. Joseph Brown, who is corresponding secretary of the New England Baptist Missionary Convention, and also corresponding secretary of the Baptist Missionary Union of the State of New [sketch of Rev. L. Joseph Brown] York. The Berean Baptist Church has an interesting history. The beautiful building which the congregation now worship in was built by Rev L. Joseph Brown at a cost of $17,000, of which $11,000 has been paid. The old church, which was destroyed by fire several years ago, was situated on a hill at Rochester avenue, near Park Place. In its destruction Brooklyn lost one of its oldest landmarks, it being the fifth oldest church in Brooklyn, having been erected in 1851. The church society dates in organization back to 1849, since which time it has had fourteen pastors. ____________________________ AN UP-TO-DATE RESTAURANT _______________ The Maceo Restaurant, at 213 West 53d street, is the most elegantly fitted up restaurant controlled by Afro- Americans in Greater New York. It was opened by Samuel W. Young, [sketch of Samuel W. Young] an enterprising and progressive member of the race, on January 1, 1899. This resastyaurbnt has estavblished a reopurtation for its excellent service, and the fact of having the best class of patrons among our people. Mr. Young, the senior partner, has been in the catering business for a number of years and now has charge of that department in the Metropolitan Railway Company, one of the biggest corporations in the world. His partner, B. F. Thomas, who was formerly in business for himself, has entire management of the restaurant and much credit is due him for the success that has thus far been attained. _________________________________ NEWSY NEWARK NOTES __________ Incidents and Accidents of the Holiday Week. Mrs. J. H. Brown and her two youngest daughters of 10 West Kinney street left for Petersburg, Va., on a holiday visit to her parents and friends. This is her first visit to her former home. Mr. J. H. Bird of Port Huron, Mich., is in the city on a month's vacation. His many friends of the Friendship Benevolent Society greeted him on Christmas night at their hall, 867 Broad street, with a hearty collation. Mr. Bird resided in Newark until about eight years ago. He was an active member of this society and a noted politician. The ladies of the Pennington Street, Congregational, Bethany Baptist, Presbyterian and Christian Tabernacle Churches have all closed their labors in the several bazaars and fairs for the holiday season with much success. At the Plane Street Church exercises were held each evening. On Thursday evening a duet was sung by D. M. Wells and Miss Eveline Smith; solo, G. W. Fairfax; readings, Miss Mary Van Blonk and Mrs. Frazier. Mr. Miller N. Rogers of 59 Eighth avenue met with a serious accident a few days ago. While standing on a ladder washing windows, the ladder slipped and he fell from the second story to the ground, knocking out six front teeth and otherwise injuring his face and hands. Fortunately no bones were broken. Watch meetings were held at St. John's, St. James and Bethany Baptist Churches on Sunday evening last. At St. John's Rev. N. W. Moore preached on "Pardon." Rev. J. V. Peyton preached at St. James to an overflowing congregation. From eleven to twelve a general class was held. Bethany Baptist Church being without a pastor, the deacons had charge and led the meeting. __________________________________ Tarrytown Talk. The Christmas festivities have been quite general. Among the most interesting were the Christmas tree given by the A. M. E. Zion Sunday School, Thursday evening, before a large audience. The carols and recitations were rendered with much spirit. The appearance of Santa Claus filled the children with delight. Friday evening the Shiloh Baptist Sunday School held their Christmas exercises. An interesting feature was the address delivered by Rev. Dr. Husted of the First Baptist Church. The children were made happy by the gifts Santa Claus left them. Mr. James W. Conick and family of Flushing, spent Christmas with relatives here. Mr. Edward G. Conick spent his holiday vacation with relatives here. Miss Teresa Prime of New York was in town for a few days. Mrs. Van Husen of Brooklyn made a short visit here. Mr. Isaac Lewis of Dobb's Ferry was in town Friday. Watch meeting was observed in several of the churches. The Amateur Glee Club will resume their weekly meetings Monday evening January 8. Copies of THE AGE can be obtained at the residence of Miss L. A. Mickens. ______________________________________ [Photograph of Chief Edward F. Lee] A MAN OF OPPORTUNITY ______ Of Edward E. Lee, chief of the United Colored Democracy, Mr. Edwin F. Horne said in a recent article: "There have been men of destiny, but Edward E. Lee is a man of opportunity. He understood his environment - he has understood himself. He has bettered his own condition, and has been a potent factor in bringing about conditions that have bettered the state of many. He is a graduate of the school of adversity; he has mastered the course. His deeds are his diploma. By industry, honesty of purpose, uprightness of life, he has stamped his individuality upon his times. "In early life he was a humble, hard working plasterer. In the odd moments of interval in his work he cultivated his mind. He served as a soldier in the War of the Rebellion. For five years thereafter he held a responsible position in the Bureau of Printing and Engraving, Washington, D. C. He became a citizen of New York a quarter of a century ago. He entered into the hotel business. His success in that field needs no comment. To him is due the system so well operated in the hotels among the bellmen to-day. He has placed hundreds of colored men in hotel positions. He has always used his position to advantage in giving work to colored men. Throughout the land are colored doctors, lawyers, preachers, and teachers who were helped on their way by Mr. Lee, who responded at a critical time to their call." The United Colored Democracy of Greater New York was organized by Mr. Lee in November, 1897. Chief Lee is now the leader of the New York State Colored Democracy and president of the Negro National Democratic League. _________________________________________ POUGHKEEPSIE POINTERS. ________________ Miss Amy Thomas of Rhinebeck was in this city Sunday visiting her mother an friends. Miss Helen Dixon was in New York on business. Dewitt Rose returned from Newark where he spent Christmas with his sister. Miss Bell Treadway of Smithfield is visiting Miss Jennie Dixon. Rev. A. J. Tolbert of Catskill was in this city Friday on business. Rev. and Mrs. Cook of Ithaca are the guests of Mr. and Mrs. Abram Bohn. Henry Smith died at the Vassar Hospital Friday morning of pneumonia, after a few weeks suffering. He was 66 years old. Funeral services were held at 36 Warrell avenue, Sunday, at 2:20, Rev. C. Fairfax officiating. Thomas Worrell of Sing Sing was in this city the past week on business. David Watson was in New York on business Miss Roxy Collins is much better. Mr and Mrs Geo Holmes and Mr and Mrs W. J. Ellis received very large Christmas boxes from their parents in the South. Mr. and Mrs. Ellis sent a large box to their parents in Blenheim, Va. On Dec 27, the Ebenezer Baptist Sunday School held its Christmas exercises, which were largely attended. The Christmas tree was filled with many valuable presents. On Sunday evening, the Sunday School had its oral semi annual review which was full of interest. The watch meeting services were largely attended. __________________________________________ GRAND ARMY POSTS ____________ In Greater New York there are four Grand Army Posts among Afro-Americans, the John A. Andrew, Thaddeus Stevens, William Lloyd Garrison and Henry Ward Beecher Posts. The John Andrew Post is called the crack [photo of COL. GEORGE E. BENNETT.] post among Afro-Americans. Colonel George E. Bennett, his commander, was recently re elected to a second term. He is one of the most popular Grand Army men in New York city. ____________________________________ Santa Claus at Zion A. M. E. Church The Christmas entertainment of the Zion Sunday School was given last Wednesday evening in the Sunday School rooms, South Third street and Hooper. The room was handsomely decorated and a large number of friends and members enjoyed a pleasant program, under the skillful supervision of Daniel Bowman, assisted by Mrs. Jessica Taylor. There were carols and solo by Miss Maud Stitt; duet, Mrs. W. Taylor, Miss Sarah Bailey; recitations, Misses Mason, Lulu Johnson, Lizzie Simpson, Lottie Campbell, Ethel Stephens, Mary Duncan, and an address to the school by the pastor. Boxes of candies and books were distributed among the children. Mr. George McCampbell surprised the pastor and congregation by presenting to him an elegant black suit of clothes. ________________________________________ New York Barbers. Among Afro-Americans engaged in the barber business in the city may be mentioned Wm. W. Johnson, who started ten years with $75 and now commands a trade of $2,000 a year. He is located at 242 West 47th Street. W. M. Crompton, Wm Beebe, J. M. Davis, Thos. Wright, James Dobson, W. H. Young, R. F. Lewis, James M. Smith, R. J. Ross, L. L. Williams, M. W. Slaughter, George H. Washington, R. L. Robinson and U. G. Crooks also conduct lucrative businesses in well appointed establishments. The Nestor of the profession however is Robert H. Bundy who began as an apprentice in Baltimore before the War. 4 THE NEW YOR[K] AGE: THURSDAY, JANUARY 4, 1900. THE NEW YORK AGE. THURSDAY, JANUARY 4, 1900. THE PARIS EXPOSITION. All the world will be at Paris in 1900, or will want to be there, as a part of the great French Exposition. We had hoped to have a regular commissioner of the twelve appointed on the part of the United States, but as that was not possible under the circumstances, when every Senator in Congress had a candidate, we were rather fortunate in getting the consideration that we did. The appointment of Mr. Calloway to collect an Afro-American exhibit we expect to bear good fruit. It is a pity that the appointment was not made sooner than it was, and that the means placed at Mr Calloway's d[i]sposal were not ample, but under all the disadvantages we still hope that a creditable showing will be made. Under more favorable conditions it would have been possible to collect an exhibit that would have astonished Europeans and been of incalculable benefit to us, while reflecting at the same time much glory upon the United States. The views entertained by Europeans of Afro-Americans are of a very imperfect and hazy sort. A proper exhibit at Paris would have done much to enlighten Europeans upon this subject. We still hope that much will be done along this line. AN ERA OF GOOD FEELING. The Spanish War has had the result of bringing together the whites of the country in a way that was not expected. Ordinarily, as a good patriot, we should rejoice exceedingly at any good understanding reached by the people of the country that made them stronger for mutual protection and defense. But it has never been good for the Afro-American citizens of this country when the white citizens of the North and the South have been in good sympathy with each other. The white citizens of the Northern and Western States as a whole have always shown a reasonable disposition to respect the rights and feelings of others, and to pay proper deference to such laws as were enacted for the public good and for the protection of the rights of individuals. They have in large part conceded the right of individual citizens to the proper protection of the laws, and have had the self-restraint to allow these laws to be enforced by the constituted authorities. In short, these States of the North and the West have come as near reaching the perfection of civilization as it is possible under our condition at present to reach. And they are constantly progressing to loftier and firmer grounds in all matters of a strong citizenship. On the contrary, the whit people of the South have made but small progress in these vital matters of race development. As in the days of slavery, they still believe in an oligarchical form of government, in which the few have all the rights of citizenship and the masses have none, or such as are niggardly allowed them by the dominant class. The inordinate race prejudice of the South corrupts every rivulet of justice and fair play. The divine right of white men to have and to use all the good things of earth is a part of their religion. From the foundation of the government the opinions of the South have been disastrously imposed upon the people of the country. We should not have had slavery incorporated into the Constitution if it had not been for the contention of the delegates of South Carolina and Georgia in the convention that framed that instrument; and we should not have had the unrest in our National life from the formation of the government to the present time, if Southern white men had been disposed to do unto others as they would have others do unto them. There are ten million Afro-Americans in this country who enter their solemn protest against the unjust and repressive policy pursued by the white men of the dent should re-affirm his position on this question--the position which he took as Governor of Ohio and in his first Annual Message to Congress as President--do not understand the limited powers of the President; but we understand very well that under the law the President has no power whatever, as lynch-law rascality comes strictly within the powers of the individual States. What we desired was the moral effect of a re-affirmation of his condemnation of it. We think he understands the matter from that point of view and made his deliverance to Congress accordingly. It detracts nothing whatever from the force and effect on the opinion of the Nation and the world of the President's condemnation, that on the very heels of it we had the Maysville, Kentucky, horror; it rather enhanced the value of it from the moral point of view. It will be admitted on all sides that the Maysville horror not only gave force to the President's condemnation, but it conclusively justified it. It did more; it should have brought home to Congress the conviction that lynching is a National evil and scandal, which will sooner or later have to be grappled with by the Federal Government in an amendment to the Conspiracy laws. When the life of citizens is endangered by organized conspiracy, and no protection or redress can be expected from the State, the Federal Congress will find a way under the Constitution to afford such protection and relief. It has always done it. The citizens of the United States is greater than the citizen of the State, and this vital principle will yet become the cornerstone of American citizenship. The philosophy of Daniel Webster will yet supplant the sophisms of John C. Calhoun as the rule of Congressional action and of Supreme Court construction of the Constitution and laws based upon it. This Republic cannot survive as a confederation of sovereign States. Supreme power has got to abide in a central authority, or the Republic will go to smash in the end. BISHOP TURNER'S CASE. Bishop H. M. Turner is one of the strong men of the race. More than that he has contributed as much as the average American citizen to build up the wealth and glory of the Republic in the past quarter of a century. He is one of the strong characters of the country. Georgia, which is provokingly weak in strong white men, has no stronger citizen than H. M. Turner. Bishop Turner was recently at Savannah. He had a paralytic stroke. He wanted to go to his home in Atlanta. He applied to the Central Railroad of Georgia for a sleeping car berth from Savannah to Atlanta. It was refused him, and the information was given out that he would be made as comfortable as possible in the separate coach set apart for colored people." The brutality of the refusal need not be considered; the injustice of it only need be taken into account. Here was a sick man, the senior Bishop of one of the greatest church organizations in the country; and the right to ride in a department of the train service set apart for the greatest comfort and convenience of travelers was denied him. What redress has he? The separate car law of Georgia prescribes that separate but equal accommodation shall be provided for the two races. If it was considered not good policy and unlawful for Bishop Turner to ride in the regular sleeping car, under the law of the State, the railroad was obligated to provide hi equal accommodation, even if it had to put a separate sleeper at his disposal. That this equal accommodation was not furnished him is a sufficient ground of action. Will Bishop Turner proceed on it? We hope so. LAWTON AND HENRY. Like the death of General Guy V. Henry, the death of General Henry W. Lawton is a personal loss to the Afro-American soldiers in the regular army WILLIAM H. A. MOORE. William H. A. Moore, who has evinced remarkable talent as a writer of verse and prose, was born in New York city some forty years ago. He was one of the scholars of the old Mulberry Street School and later attended the College of the City of New York. Six years ago he went to Chicago and continued his literary pursuits and is a member of the staff of the Chicago Daily Record. BY INLAND SEA. Written for The New York Age. Grave, deep shadows bring the triumph of the night, Night, the sad-browed mistress of the evening star And the world's wild heart asleep beyond the light Groping to its anchor just across the bar. Soft I hear thy wailing in the surges of the sea, Love, and low the night birds sing of a departed peace, Sweet and joyous, full and true, that doth my soul's release Seek from shadow, pain and grieving of the sorrowed sea. Love, I own the burden of a thousand songs, Songs of life, of death, of faith and pity deep; Songs that bear the curses of an hundred wrongs Dreams of sin have scattered wide to find men weep. O, to feel the wailing in the surges of the sea, Love, the waiting for the coming of the love-strong day, When the broken heart is struggling with the night's sad sway, And the shadow, pain and grieving of the sorrowed sea. Glowing dreams the city of the strong and frail, Sleep has hushed the saddened love-song of the dove; And the sailor lies beneath a listless sail Deep in dreamings of his home and far off love. Still I hear the wailing in the surges of the sea, Love, the sad lament of star and bird, of life and death, Sweeping grim the night and wave with swift drawn breath Of the soul and heart and grieving of the sorrowed sea. Love, canst come to me? The East awakes! The night Dies the sad-browed mistress of the evening star; And the world's wild heart doth beat to stronger light Speeding sail and sailor fast across the bar. Faint, doth grow the wailing in surges of the sea, Love, and field and bird give greeting to the love-strong day; And no broken heart now struggles through the night's dim way, Or the shadow, pain and grieving of the sorrowed sea. --WILLIAM MOORE. SONNET. From The Colored American (Nov. 28, 1840) 'Tis not the flower which brightest hues adorn, That proves most cherished 'mid the gifts of Spring; Or fondly prized, because in rich earth born And rarely shaped, that choicest perfumes bring. 'Tis not the bird who proudly mounts high air. That most is welcom'd when the warm days fall; Or deck'd in colors glittering, soft, or rare That sings most sweetly when the light winds call. E'en so, the cheek may glow with sunset light, And grace sit twined around each falling tress; "The eye may speak with glances sparkling bright," The lip be form'd too pure for our caress; And yet, in such fair form, the soul may be Devoid of fragrances or of melody NEWS AND OPINION Bright Thoughts of Bright Editors of the Afro-American Press. --Negro newspapers cannot flourish in a country where there are no colored farmers.--Parsons (Kan.) Blade. --With the first of the year the Baltimore Ledger will be consolidated with the Afro-American of the same city. --The many young worthless Negroes idle, shooting crap, loafing around bar rooms, must stop. Young Negroes must stop foolishness.--Baltimore Appeal. --A Southern colored editor remarks that a colored man in the South is all right if "he knows his place." Yes; his place seems to be on the limbs of trees.-- Topeka(Kan.) Plaindealer. --President McKinley says he still has Col. Bill Pledger in mind. It is remarked that he has quite a list of the Reed heavy pullers and the Colonel's name stands higher than all the rest.--Augusta (Ga.) South Daily. --Beginning with January 1, The American Citizen will absorb Prof. H. R. Pinkney of Arkansas, and make him editor-in-chief of the only daily paper published by Negroes in the West.--Topeka Plaindealer. --While no one acquainted with the circumstances ever expected the judgment of $50,000 obtained by George Dinnig against the members of the mob which drove him from his home in Simpson County, Kentucky, to be collected, yet it is gratifying to know that a sum sufficient to purchase him a little home in Jeffersonville, Ind., has been collected. Col. Bennett H. Young, the attorney for Dinning, has been very earnest in prosecuting the case and hopes to collect a considerable amount of the judgment.-- Louisville American Baptist. --If the aspirations of Dr. C. S. Smith of the A. M. E. Sunday School Union are gratified, and that gentleman sit in future in the bishopric gown, there will be an important vacancy created in the great church. We nominate Editor John H. Murphy of the Baltimore Afro-American as a suitable man to fill the place.--Dallas (Tex.) Express. --We have just one representative in the Fifty-sixth Congress--Geo. W. White, of North Carolina. He is a lawyer and a man of fine parts, and will give a good account of himself as he has in the past. Had we the representation that we are entitled to there would be many such men to speak for us, and there would be no necessity to specialize.--San Francisco Outlook. --Rev. J.J. Durham, A.M., M.D., D.D., pastor of the Second Baptist Church of Savannah, Ga., who is one of the ablest Baptist ministers of Georgia, has been recently appointed by the Governor of the State as Captain and Chaplain of the First Battalion Infantry of the Georgia Volunteers. Dr. Durham is quiet, peaceable and as scholar and orator he is a power.--Darien Spectator --For the past year or so the people of Fort Smith have been somewhat indifferent toward observing the day on which the Emancipation Proclamation was issued. This ought not to be so. Wht Bannockburn is to the Scots, what Magna Charta is to the English, what the Declaration of Independence is to the Americans, the Emancipation Proclamation is to the Negro.--Fort Smith (Ark.) Appreciator. --Permanent and lasting peace between the white and colored people is an accomplished fact in Georgia. Good white people and good colored people are in the ascendancy. Now and then bad white people outrage some bad black man, and vice versa; yet, in spite of the pranks of the lawless, the good, upright and intelligent of both races in our Empire State are on speaking terms of the gospel, and the devil and his imps can't interrupt our love feast.--Atlanta Age. --The term "Jim Crow," which now is the name of the car of each train through most of the Southern states into which most of the colored people ride, takes its name from a Kentucky Negro who was known by the name of James Crow, one of the old-time buck dancers. He often amused crowds by singing a kind of quaint song and then giving some leaps and bounds which became known as jumping Jim Crow.--Augusta (Ga.) South Daily. --Mr. John C. Leftwich, receiver of public moneys and register of the land office at Montgomery, Alabama, arrived in our city last Sunday morning. He is en route to the Hawaiian Islands and goes there to study the labor question and see what the opportunities and advantages are for good colored emigrants from the South. Inducements have been offered and if he finds the conditions to be favorable many families will leave their homes and take up their residence hope that much will be done along this line. AN ERA OF GOOD FEELING. The Spanish war has had the result of bringing together the whites of the country in a way that was not expected. Ordinarily, as a good patriot, we should rejoice exceedingly at any good understanding reached by the people of the country that made them stronger for mutual protection and defense. But it has never been good for the Afro-American citizens of this country when the white citizens of the North and the South have been in good sympathy with each other. The white citizens of the Northern and Western states as a whole have always shown a reasonable disposition to respect the rights and feelings of others, and to pay proper deference to such laws as were enacted for the public good and for the protection of the rights of individuals. They have in large part conceded the right of individual citizens to the proper protection of the laws, and have had the self-restraint to allow these laws to be enforced by the constituted authorities. In short, these States of the North and the West have come as near reaching the perfection of civilization at present to reach. And they are constantly progressing to loftier and firmer grounds in all matters of a strong citizenship. On the contrary, the white people of the South have made but small progress in these vital matters of race development. As in the days of slavery, they still believe in an oligarchical form of government, in which the few have all the rights of citizenship and the masses have none, or such as are niggardly allowed them by the dominant class. The inordinate race of prejudice of the South corrupts every rivulet of justice and fair play. The divine right of white men to have and to use all the good things of the earth is part of their religion. From the foundation of the government the opinions of the South have been disastrously imposed upon the people of the country. We should not have had slavery incorporated into the Constitution if it had not been for the contention of the delegates of South Carolina and Georgia in the convention that framed that instrument; and we should not have had the unrest in our National life from the formation of the government to the present time, if Southern white men had been disposed to do unto others as they would have others do unto them. There are ten million Afro-Americans in this country who enter their solemn protest against the unjust and repressive policy pursued by the white men of the South in all matters of State policy and domestic economy. They protest now as they protested in the days of slavery, and they will continue to protest until fairer and juster consideration be shown them in all the relations of manhood and citizenship. The close and harmonious alliance in hope and sympathy of all the white men of the States of the Union throws upon the people of Afro-American race a larger measure of that eternal vigilance which is said to be the price of liberty. They will not have to tread the wine- press alone, but the number of people who tread it with them will be largely gauged by their own manner of dealing with these question which are of vital moment to them. THE LYNCHING HABIT. The President of the United States rendered a public service when in his last Annual Message to Congress he directed attention to the prevalence of lynchings in the United States and insisted that the majesty of the law must be upheld. Condemnation of an evil so gigantic and common, as the lynching habit has become in our country, rests upon the President in a peculiar sense. There are people who imagine that those of us who desired that the Presi- citizens is endangered by organized conspiracy, and no protection of redress can be expected from the State, the Federal Congress will find a way under the Constitution to afford such protection and relief. It has always done it. The citizen of the United States is greater than the citizen of the State, and this vital principle will yet become the cornerstone of American citizenship. The philosophy of Daniel Webster will yet supplant the sophisms of John C. Calhoun as the rule of Congressional action and of Supreme Court construction of the Constitution and laws based upon it. This republic cannot survive as a confederation of sovereign States. Supreme power has got to abide in a central authority, or the Republic will go to smash in the end. BISHOP TURNER'S CASE. Bishop H.M. Turner is one of the strong men of the race. More than that he has contributed as much as the average American citizen to build up the wealth and glory of the Republic in the past quarter century. He is one of the strong characters of the country. Georgia, which is provokingly weak in strong white men, has no stronger citizen than H.M. Turner. Bishop Turner was recently at Savannah. He had a paralytic stroke. He applied to the Central Railroad of Georgia for a sleeping car berth from Savannah to Atlanta. It was refused him, and the information was given out that he would be made as comfortable as possible in the separate coach set apart for colored people." The brutality of the refusal need not be considered; the injustice of it only need be taken into account. Here was a sick man, the senior Bishop of one of the greatest church organizations in the country; and the right to ride in a department of the train service set apart for the greatest comfort and convenience of travelers was denied him. What redress has he? the separate car law of Georgia prescribes that separate but equal accommodation shall be provided for the two races. If it was considered not good policy and unlawful for Bishop Turner to ride in the regular sleeping car, under the law of the State, the railroad was obligated to provide him equal accommodation, even if it had to put a separate sleeper at his disposal. That this equal accommodation was not furnished him is a sufficient ground of action. Will Bishop Turner proceed on it? We hope so. LAWTON AND HENRY. Like the death of General Guy V. Henry, the death of General Henry W. Lawton is a personal loss to the Afro- American soldiers in the regular army. General Henry died of fever contracted in Puerto Rico. General Lawton was killed by a Filipino sharpshooter. Both of them had served with distinction in the Santiago campaign; each of them was a veteran of the great War of the Rebellion, in which the head of the slave serpent was crushed, and both of them gained his most important victories as commander of a black regiment. These two men, General Henry and General Lawton, were the very highest and best type of the American soldier. Courageous to the last degree, generous to a fault, beloved by the men under them, they died in the prime of their manhood, when much good work remained that none can do so well as they could have done it. It is as of the irony of fate that General Lawton should have fought through the Civil War, innumerable Indian wars and the Santiago campaign and at last to be killed by a Filipino sharpshooter at the end of the Philippine rebellion. An Afro-American, who had been an Alderman of Natchez, Miss. for eight years, died recently, and all of his pall- bearers were white men, including the Mayor and members of the aldermanic board. It is the first time anything of years that they [?] [?] [?] basis for the hope that the future has great things in store for them. The bright side of the shield is much better to look at than the dark side. The Crumpacker bill to reduce Southern representation in Congress will die in its youth, we think. Congress will hardly sanction the right of a State to disfranchise a part of its citizenship. The Crumpacker bill would do that. The Puerto Ricans have received and are receiving a great deal of charity, and they have needed it. When great gifts of charity have been needed the people of this country have always risen equal to the giving of them. THE NEED OF THE RACE. From a Thanksgiving Sermon (N.v.26, 1895). The great need of our race in this generation is a society, a deep sense of imperfection, diligence in all pursuits, simplicity in manners, and a deep and pervasive influence of the religious sentiment. If this people get crazed by the possession of a little liberty; if they become intoxicated by inebriating and destructive politics; if they get carried away by the attainment of dazzling learning; if they are soon puffed up and made pompous by the grasp of a little wealth or property; and then begin to exaggerate their importance, to disgust their friends, to forget God, and so become blind to the high virtues-all hope for the future departs! The race, in the country, is still at school. If they can learn to put away lightness, the love pleasure, and the mere gratification of sense; "If they can scorn delights, and live Laborious days;" if they can bring themselves to see that the life of a race is the same as the life of a family, or the life of a man; that is, that it is a trust from God, for the noblest purposes of humanity, and for the glory of God; then they are sure to run a glad and glorious career, if even it be a trying one; to attain the highest excellence of man; to achieve the grandest results in the majestic work which God has committed to the care of His creatures on earth. ALEX CUMMELL. NEWSPAPERS IN NEW YORK. The first newspaper published by Afro- Americans appears to have been Freedom's Journal, in 1827, by John B. Russworm and Rev. Samuel E. Cornish, a coyy of which is in the possession of the New York Historical Society. This was succeeded by the Colored American, in 1837, edited by Philip A. Bell and Dr. James McCune Smith. Dr. Smith, who was a native of New York city but educated in Edinburgh, was a logical and learned writer and lecturer. Later the Rev. Charles B. Ray became the editor of this paper, which suspended publication in 1824. In 1847 the Ram's Horn appeared under the auspices of Willis A. Hodges and Thomas Van Renssealaer, Frederick Douglass and John Brown being contributors to its columns. The North Star was published by Mr. Douglass at Rochester about this time and acquired a standing and circulation surpassing any of its predecessors. On a similar plan was the Anglo-African, issued in 1859 in New York city by Thomas Hamilton, who was succeeded in the editorship by his brother, Robert Hamilton, assisted by Rev. Henry Highland Garnet. In 1872, John J. Freeman began the publication of the Progressive American which lasted until 1887. Dr. Rufus L. Perry during this period also issued the National Monitor in Brooklyn, a Baptist organ. PERSONAL. -Mrs. T. Thomas Fortune went to Jacksonville, Fla., last week, where she hopes by a visit of a few weeks among childhood scenes and friends, to recuperate her health. This is her first visit to her old home in twenty years. -Prof. W.S. Scarborough of Wilberforce University, who has been in and out of New York most of the holiday season, left for the West last Monday. -Bishop Alex. Walters, after much conference work, is at home for a season. -Mr. W. Calvin Chases of the Washington Bee spent a day with friends in New York last week. WILLIAM H. A. MOORE. William H.A. Moore, who has evinced remarkable talent as a writer of verse and prose, was born in New York city some forty years ago. He was one of the scholars of the old Mulberry Street School and later attended the College of the City of New York. Six years ago he went to Chicago and continued his literary pursuits and is a member of the staff of tee Chicago Daily Record. BY INLAND SEA. Written for The New York Age. Grave, deep shadows bring the triumph of the night, Night, the sad-browed mistress of the evening star And the world's wild heart asleep beyond the light Groping to its anchor just across the bar. Soft I hear thy wailing in the surges of the sea, Love, and low the night birds sing of a departed peace, Sweet and joyous, full and true, that doth my soul's release Seek from shadow, pain and grieving of the sorrowed sea. Love, I own the burden of a thousand songs, Songs of life, of death, of faith and pity deep; Songs that bear the curses of an hundred wrongs Dreams of sin have scattered wide to find men weep. O, to feel the wailing in the surges of the sea, Love, the waiting for the coming of the love-strong day, When the broken heart is struggling with the night's sad sway. And the shadow, pain and grieving of the sorrowed sea. Glowing dreams the city of the strong and frail, Sleep has hushed the saddened love-song of the dove; And the sailor lies beneath a listless sail Deep in dreamings of his home and far off love. Still I hear the wailing in the surges of the sea, Love, the sad lament of star and bird, of life and death, Sweeping grim the night and wave with swift drawn breath Of the soul and heart and grieving of the sorrowed sea. Love, canst come to me? The East awakes! The night Dies the sad-borrowed mistress of the evening star; And the world's wild heart doth beat to stronger light Speeding sail and sailor fast across the bar. Faint doth grow the wailing in surges of the sea, Love, and field and bird give greeting to the love-strong day; And no broken heart now struggles through the night's dim way, Or the shadow, pain and grieving of the sorrowed sea. -WILLIAM MOORE. SONNET. From The Colored American (Nov. 28, 1840). 'Tis not the flower which brightest hues adorn, That proves most cherished 'mid the gifts of Spring; Or fondly prized, because in rich earth born And rarely shaped, that choicest perfumes bring. 'Tis not the bird who proudly mounts high air. That most is welcom'd when the warm days fall. Or deck'd in colors glittering, soft, or rare That sings most sweetly when the light winds call. E'en so, the cheek may glow with sunset light, And grace sit twined around each falling trees; "The eye may speak with glances sparkling bright." The lip be form'd too pure for our caress; And yet, in such fair form, the soul may be Devoid of fragrance or of melody. -CHARLES L. REASON. BROOKLYN AGED HOME. The Brooklyn Home for Aged Colored People has just moved into its new building, Douglass street and Kingston avenue, Brooklyn. The society was organized in December, 1890, and incorporated in 1891. The movement was started in 1890 in response to a general demand for the removal of the aged patients from a dilapidated frame building in Dean street, near troy avenue, which had been condemned by the city authorities. A public meeting of King's Daughters of Brooklyn was called and all the circles of the city were interested in the movement. Among the principal supporters of the home are the Willing Workers circle of King's Daughters, who have contributed annually ten tons of coal, all the sugar necessary and other articles of food and clothing for the home. The members of this circle are: Mrs. N. Brown, Mrs. William T. Dixon, Mrs. H. Douglass, Mrs. A.J. Henry, Mrs. T.I. Fisher, Mrs. W.H. Hubbell, Mrs. I.N. Smith, Mrs. E.V.C. Eato, Mrs. M. Berry, Mrs. F.H. Carmand, Mrs. O.O. Jackson, Mrs. M. McC. Gilbert, Mrs. E.D. White, Mrs. P.E. Mousserone, Dr. V.H. Morton, Mrs. J. E. Garner, Miss G.F. Putnam, Mrs. W. E.. Gross, Mrs. M.E. Shaw, Mrs. E. Murray. Dinning, has been very earnest in prosecuting the case and hopes to collect a considerable amount of the judgment.- Louisville American Baptist. -If the aspirations of Dr. C.S. Smith of the A.M.E. Sunday School Union are gratified, and that gentleman sit in future in the bishopric gown, there will be an important vacancy created in the great church. We nominate Editor John H. Murphy of the Baltimore Afro-American as a suitable man to fill the place. -Dallas (Tex.) Express. -We have one representative in the Fifty-sixth Congress- Geo. W. White, of North Carolina. He is a lawyer and a man of fine parts, and will give a good account of himself as he has in the past. Had we the representation that we are entitled to there would be many such men to speak for us and there would be no necessity to specialize.-San Francisco Outlook. -Rev. J.J. Durham, A.M., M.D., D.D., pastor of the Second Baptist Church of Savannah, Ga., who is one of the ablest Baptist ministers of Georgia, has been recently appointed by the Governor of the State as Captain and Chaplain of the First Battalion Infantry of the Georgia Volunteers. Dr. Durham is a quiet, peaceable and as a scholar and orator he is a power. -Darien Spectator. -For the past year or so the people of Fort Smith have been somewhat indifferent toward observing the day on which the Emancipation Proclamation was issued. This ought not to be so. What Bannockburn is to the Scots, what Magna Carta is to the English, what the Declaration of Independence is to the Americans, the Emancipation Proclamation is to the Negro.-Fort Smith (Ark.) Appreciator. -Permanent and lasting peace between the white and colored people is an accomplished fact in Georgia. Good white people and good colored people are in the ascendancy. Now and then bad white people outrage some bad black man and vice versa; yet, in spite of the pranks of the lawless, the good, upright and intelligent of both races in our Empire State are on speaking terms of the gospel, and the devil and his imps can't interrupt our love feast.-Atlanta Age. -The term "Jim Crow," which now is the name of the car of each train through most of the Southern states into which most of the colored people ride, takes its name from a Kentucky Negro who was known by the name of James Crow, one of the old-time buck dancers. He often amused crowds by singing a kind of quaint song and then giving some leaps and bounds which became known as jumping Jim Crow.-Augusta (Ga.) South Daily. -Mr. John C. Leftwich, receiver of public moneys and register of the land office at Montgomery, Alabama, arrive in our city last Sunday morning. He is en route to the Hawaiian Islands and goes there to study the labor question and see what the opportunities and advantages are for good colored emigrants from the South. Inducements have been offered and if he finds the conditions to be favorable many families will leave their homes and take up their residence on the islands. His trip to San Francisco was a revelation to Mr. Leftwich and he is most enthusiastically impressed with our city, its opportunities and the privileges that the race has for advancement. -San Francisco Western Outlook. -A copy of the open letter addressed to President McKinley by the colored people of Boston and vicinity, through the Colored National League, at the Charles Street Church, Tuesday evening. Oct. 3 came to our office recently. The framers of the letter did not fail to picture, to his excellency, the deplorable state of affairs now existing in the South, nor did they forget to remind him that "where there is a will there is a way," but where there is no will, there is no way. While the letter contains no threats politically, there is a strong undercurrent tending towards a separation should Mr. McKinley continue to be deaf, dumb, and blind in his relation to the Negro.- Springfield Sentinel. -Congressman White is no mere "figure head" as a representative. Among the bills presented by him is one to reimburse the depositors of the old Freedman's Savings Bank, another to use the bounty money of the colored soldiers, which has reverted back into the treasury, for the purpose of establishing a home for aged and infirm colored persons; another bill is to provide a suitable appropriation to be used for the purpose of giving the colored people of this country a fair representation at the Paris Exposition. These are important bills and are of most vital interest to our people. It shows further that Mr. White is alive to the interests of the race to which he belongs.-Washington Daily Record. THE NEW YORK AGE: THURSDAY, JANUARY 4, 1900. 5 REV. EDWARD G. CLIFTON, D.D. Rector and Founder of St. David's Chapel. A PARISH ABOVE THE HARLEM St. David's Parish, 611 East 158th street, New York city, was established on Sunday, February 2, 1896, at 11 A. M., by the Rev. E.G. Clifton, D.D., with the consent of the Bishop of New York, Right Rev. H. C. Potter, D.D., aided and assisted by the Venerable Archdeacon, Dr. C. C. Tiffany, who has done all in his power to make St. David's an institution whose influence should be felt far and near. In fact the work is directly under the New York Archdeaconry. The missionary zeal of the rector and his tact in winning men, women and children to the Master, have made St. David's a familiar name in many homes. The desire of the rector who was once a railroad man, to reach and win for Christ all trainmen and their families, has endeared him to all who have heard of St. David's. The first thing that is asked in Chicago, California, or New Orleans, or any other part of the United States, when any one claims to have been in New York for a few days, is: "Well, did you go to St. David's?" For the great secret of the success in this parish not only the fine music or the eloquence of the rector, but his effort to help the worthy poor at all times. In conversation with Dr. Clifton last week an AGE reporter found out that an unually large number of people, who are members of this parish and have never visited it, when in trouble find their way there for help. A great deal of the resources of St. David's is spent for food, clothing, rent, flowers and medicines for the sick and needy. The school numbers 265 scholars and there is a fine vested choir of men and boys, a chapter of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, one industrial school, an altar guild, ladies aid society and parish guild. The rector has drawn around him as his advisers strong men in every walk of life. The rector has letters from his bishop and archdeacon and hopes this year to build a church parish house and rectory at the cost of $100,000. An effort is now being made for the endowment fund. A Long Island City Church. The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Astoria, Long Island, situated at 75 Main street, was organized by Rev. Louis H. Cook, Oct. 10, 1897, as the Union Mission. It has now a membership and congregation of over two hundred. The society has recently purchased two lots on Broadway and intends building a church in the near future. ORGANIZED BUSINESS EFFORT. The most significant business organization among Afro-Americans in the State of New York is he Afro-American Investment and Building Company of the Borough of Brooklyn, of which Fred. R. Moore is the president. Associated with Mr. Moore are some of the most progressive members of the race. The company was organized in September 1892 and its growth has been a steady one. But for greater success, it should receive a more general support. The ultimate value of the shares is $250. A person can subscribe for from one to ten FRED R MOORE President. shares and the payments are one dollar monthly. It is organized under the banking laws of the State of New York and is regularly examined each year by a representative of the banking department. The company has a membership of one hundred and twenty-five, composed of the men and women of the race. The office of the company is at 14 Douglaes street and the meetings are held on the third Thursday in each month. The officers are: Fred. R. Moore, president; William H. Smith, vice-president; Sully R. McClellan, treasurer; Frank P. Downing, accountant; R. R. Willis, secretary; D. Macon Webster, attorney; Francis H. Gilbert, John A. Oliver, Henry L. Kemp. M. P. Saunders, Charles E. Moore, Charles E. Clagett, William Russell Johnson, Robert C. Bullock, Edward S. Lynch, Rev. William V. Tunnell, T. Thomas Fortune, Francis H. Carmand, George E. Wibecan, Jr., and Samuel r. Scottron, directors. MEN OF THE PRESENT DAY PROMINENT FIGURES IN VARIOUS LINES OF ACTIVITY Career of Samuel R. Scottron as an Inventor and Commercial Traveler--Appointed to the Board of Education. Born in Philadelphia nearly fifty-six years ago, Samuel R. Scottron was brought to New York city when about seven years old and to Brooklyn a year S[A]M[U]E[L] R. S[C]OTTR]O]N later. He was educated in the public schools of Brooklyn, graduating when 15. There were no high schools in those days under city control admitting colored children. Later on he entered the Cooper Institute and finished the full number of colored boys and girls graduating in mixed classes has materially increased. We have now over twenty colored girls in the high schools and as many more graduates have perhaps entered into general occupations immediately after graduating from the grammar schools, as the result of freer distribution of colored children among the white schools. WILLIAM EDWARD GROSS William Edward Gross was born in New York city in 1846, being the only WILLIAM EDWARD GROSS. son of Mrs. Louisa Gross, the widow of William E. Gross, who died at sea when William was a child. At the age of 6 THEODORE DRURY. Singers of the first rank are among the most rare as they are the most highly paid artists. They are so few that their names and personality are well known and an addition to their number is an event of importance in the musical world. In Mr. Theodore Drury we have the best example of a highly cultivated singer. In breadth of style, complete control over the intricate mechanism of the voice, the power to produce a sound graduating from the merest whisper to a sonorous, vibrating tone, to give the correct expression of a composer's meaning, now replete with most exquisite tenderness and now swelling with passionate intensity or heart-breaking in emotional cadence, all these are the gifts of Mr. Drury, who with the sureness and ease of a virtuoso sings with delightful absence of all effort, full of grace and poetry. Mr. Drury fully established his claims to these distinctions when he produced and sand the title role of "Faust," being at the same time the first artist of his race to appear in grand opera. The immense success and the first quality of his tenor voice at once attracted the critics of the musical world and plans were at once formed to produce "Carmen." Mr. Drury will appear in this opera shortly and it is unnecessary to add that a great musical treat awaits the opera loving public. Mr. Drury has an exceedingly attractive stage presence and to his handsome and mobile features, is wedded a graceful bearing which makes him an actor of no mean ability. course of five years. He was one of four who received the bronze medal of the institute at graduation, entitling him to the degree of B.A. He entered upon a business life at an early age, becoming one of the partners of the sutler of the Third U. S. Colored Troop, seeing service in the Department of the South, before Charleston, S. C., and in Florida. After the war he returned to Brooklyn years he entered the Public School No. 1 of New York city, under the tutorship of the late Rev. John Peterson. He progressed very rapidly and when only 12 years of age was promoted to the highest class, known as the Ninth Class. At that time he was the successful competitor for one of the prizes bequeathed to FATHER JOHN E. BURKE. ST. BENEDICT'S HOME, RYE, N. Y. JAMES E GARNER James E. Garner, proprietor and owner of the Manhattan House Cleaning and Renovating Bureau, was born Aug. 28, 1854, of slave parentage. He was reared in Washington, D. C., and educated in the public schools of that city. As the Capital did not offer the best advantages for the development of a business career, this young man in 1876 came to New JAMES E GARNER York. In 1880 he established the above mentioned bureau, the first of its kind in New York, hence he is styled, "The Pioneer House Cleaner of New York." Starting in business about a decade and half after the close of the War of the Rebellion, he encountered many difficulties. He soon had as his rivals, not men of his own race, but those of the Caucasian race who had every conceivable advantage, brains, experience and money. But with his brain and stickativeness, he has within twenty years out-generaled his competitors and to-day he has the largest and best equipped establishment of its kind in New York. His business occupies the entire four story brick building at 143 West 26th street. He renovated from top to bottom some of the finest dwellings, such ones as those of the Goulds, Vanderbilts, Astors, Whitneys, Seligmans, Twomblys, Gerrys, Pierpont Morgan, Murrays, Rives, Neilson, Siegels, etc.,; also many large public buildings, including New York Clearing House, Post Office, Chemical National Bank, Mutual Reserve Building and Bowery Savings Bank. His office is complete in every particular, having telephone and telegraphic connections. He has to assist him a full corps of clerks, CHURCH OF ST BENEDICT THE MOOR. Before the year 1883, the colored Catholics of the Archdiocese of New York attended services in any church, they found most convenient to their place of residence. In that year Rev. Richard L. Burtsell, D.D., pastor of the Church of the Epiphany, taking $5,000 which had been left in the will of the Rev. Thomas Farrell for the special purpose, collected $30,000 more and bought a church on Bleecker street, New York city. This was dedicated under the patronage of St. Benedict of the Moor, and placed in charge of Rev. John E. Burke. The purpose of the mission was to furnish a meeting place for the colored Catholics of the city; where they could attend mass, receive the sacraments, and to which in case of sickness they could send for a priest. It was in no way intended to re- restrict the colored people to attendance at St. Benedict's. They could go to any church they preferred, and white Catholics could come to St. Benedict's. But the priests of this mission in the matter of the sacraments and personal service were to be exclusively at the call of he colored people of New York. For four years Father Burke carried on the work alone, and then Archbishop Corrigan, who always takes a deep interest in the success of the mission, sent Rev. Thomas M. O'Keefe, to be his assistant. The church grew and prospered until the drift of the population scattered the colored people throughout the upper part of this city. Then it was found necessary to sell the property in Bleecker street and move to the new church in West 53rd street. Here at present the headquarters for the work are located. From all sections of New York and Brooklyn colored Catholics and their friends come to the services in St. Benedict's. Among the many benefits which the founders of the mission can count already the following may be especially mentioned: The lessening on both sides of that feeling of distrust between the whites and the colored; the spreading of a true knowledge of the teachings of the Catholic Church, and best of all the founding of St. Benedict's Home in Rye, New York, for destitute colored children. This was started in 1886 by Father Burke, because he found that the lot of a poor orphan colored child was a very hard one, when cast among white orphans. In St. Benedict's at Rye, children, Catholic and non-Catholic, are received from all over the country. They are educated and provided with good places when old enough to go out into the world. REV. EDWARD G. CLIFTON, D.D. Rector and Founder of St. David's Chapel. A PARISH ABOVE THE HARLEM St. David's Parish, 611 East 158th street, New York city, was established on Sunday, February 2, 1896, at 11 A.M., by the Rev. E.G. Clifton, D.D., with the consent of the Bishop of New York, Right Rev. H.C. Potter, D.D., aided and assisted by the Venerable Archdeacon, Dr. C.C. Tiffany, who has done all in his power to make St. David's an institution whose influence should be felt far and near. In fact the work is directly under the New York Archdeaconry. The missionary zeal of the rector and his tact in winning men, women and children to the Master, have made St. David's a familiar name in many homes. The desire of the rector who was once a railroad man, to reach and win for Christ all trainmen and their families, has endeared him to all who have heard of St. David's. The first thing that is asked in Chicago, California, or New Orleans, or any other part of the United States, when any one claims to have been in New York for a few days, is: "Well, did you go to St. David's?" For the great secret of the success in this parish not only the fine music or the eloquence of the rector, but his effort to help the worthy poor at all times. In conversation with Dr. Clifton last week an Age reported found out that an unually large number of people, who are members of this parish and have never visited it, when in trouble find their way there for help. A great deal of the resources of St. David's is spent for food, clothing, rent, flowers and medicines for the sick and needy. The school numbers 265 scholars and there is a fine vested choir of men and boys, a chapter of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, one industrial school, an alter guild, ladies aid society and parish guild. The rector has drawn around him as his advisers string men in every walk of life. The rector has letters from his bishop and archdeacon and hopes this year to build a church parish house and rectory at the cost of $100,000. An effort is now being made for the endowment fund. A Long Island City Church. The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Astoria, Long Island, situated at 75 Main street, was organized by rev. Louis H. Cook, Oct. 10, 1897, as the Union Mission. It has now a membership and congregation of over two hundred. The society has recently purchased two lots on Broadway and intends building a church in the near future. R. HURBERTS CIGAR STORE, 231 SEVENTH AVENUE. Rufus Hurbert, the proprietor of the handsome cigar store shown in illustration, is a native of Saco, Maine. He has been engaged in cigar manufacturing in this city for twenty years. He is a practical manufacturer, understanding the business thoroughly in all its branches. His present success has been achieved by strict economy, close attention to business, and a constant striving to please his patrons. He numbers among his customers ex-Mayor Strong and other prominent and wealthy New Yorkers. On the day before Christmas, Mr. Hurbert received a letter of thanks for the quality of goods he had furnished, from Mr. George B. Shilling, president of the National Wall Paper Company, and also an order from Mr. Shilling on Brokaw Brothers for any suit of clothes in their store. ORGANIZED BUSINESS EFFORT. The most significant business organization among Afro-Americans in the State of New York is the Afro-American Investment and Building Company of the Borough of Brooklyn, of which Fred. R. Moore is the president. Associated with Mr. Moore are some of the most progressive members of the race. The company was organized in September 1892 and its growth has been a steady one. But for greater success, it should receive a more general support. The ultimate value of the shares is $250. A person can subscribe for from one to ten FRED R. MOORE President shares and the payments are one dollar monthly. It is organized under the banking laws of the State of New York and is regularly examined each year by a representative of the banking department. The company has a membership of one hundred and twenty-five, composed of the men and women of the race. The office of the company is at 14 Douglaes street and the meetings are held on the third Thursday in each month. The officers are: Fred. R. Moore, president; William H. Smith, vice-president; Sully R. McClellan, treasurer; R.R. Willis, secretary; D. Macon Webster, attorney; Francis H. Gilbert, John A. Oliver, Henry L. Kemp, M.P. Saunders, Charles E. Moore, Charles E. Clagett, William Russell Johnson, Robert C. Bullock, Edward S. Lynch, Rev. William V. Tunnell, T. Thomas Fortune, Francis H. Carmand, George E. Wibecan, Jr. and Samuel R. Scottron, directors. days under city control admitting colored children. Later on he entered the Cooper Institute and finished the full course of five years. He was one of four who received the bronze medal of the institute at graduation, entitling him to the degree of B.A. He entered upon a business life at an early age, becoming one of the partners of the sutler of the Third U.S. Colored Troop, seeing service in the Department of the South, before Charleston, S.C. and in Florida. After the war he returned to Brooklyn, where with the exception of about three years' residence in Springfield, Mass., he has lived ever since. In 1868 he patented his first invention in duplex or adjustable mirrors, the sale of which enabled him to go into business in the general looking glass line. First he opened an office business at 658 Broadway and shortly afterward, with a white man named Richmond, he formed the firm of Richmond and Scottron, succeeded later by Scottron and Ellis at 177 Canal street. In the meantime Mr. Scottron was granted thirteen patents for household inventions, such as mirrors, cornices, shade rollers and brackets. He sold several of the patents and put others out on royalty, and in 1880 traveled for the firm of John Kroder and Company, manufacturers of brass goods. As a commercial traveler he covered the United States and Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific, north of Mason's and Dixon's line, for fourteen years. He quit traveling nearly six years ago to go into the manufacture of a new invention in artificial stone and pottery, his present business. His store rooms are located on Hancock street, Brooklyn. Mr. Scottron became a member of the Brooklyn Board of Education by the favor of Mayor Schieren and was reappointed by Mayor Wurster three years later. Mr. Scottron said to an AGE reported: "Attendance on what were known as distinctively colored schools has diminished in that time, but the son of Mrs. Louisa Gross, the widow of William E. Gross, who died at sea when William was a child. At the age of 6 years he entered the Public School No. 1 of New York city, under the tutorship of the late Rev. John Peterson. He progressed very rapidly and when only 12 years of age was promoted to the highest class, known as the Ninth Class. At that time he was the successful competitor for one of the prizes bequeathed to colored children by the late Prof. Charles Ridgeway. After leaving school he was employed in a book store, and there he was enable to enjoy the opportunity of improving himself. He did not allow the occasion to go by without taking advantage of the opportunity. Mr. Gross has for the past twenty-five years carried on the catering business, and among his patrons are some of the wealthiest families of New York and Brooklyn. In this business he is very successful and is accumulating a competency which is one of the cheering and encouraging prospects before him. He is fond of reading, a lover of art and an amateur portrait painter of no mean pretentions. Mr. Gross is one of the most prominent Odd Fellows in the country, and has represented his order in conventions at Richmond, Boston and Cincinnati. He was the first district master of the State Grand Lodge for the State of New York. He was appointed receiver by the Supreme Court of the Grand United Order of Odd Fellows' Building Association. The confidence reposed in him and the esteem is evidenced by the many positions of trust and honor which he has filled. He was president and treasurer of the Society of the Sons of New York; president of the John Peterson Association, an organization named in honor of that eminent divine and distinguished educator o[?] his race. He is also an honored a[?] respected officer in many other bene[?]ent organizations. THEODORE DRURY. Singers of the first rank are among the most rare as they are the most highly paid artists. They are so few that their names and personality are well known and an addition to their number is an event of importance in the musical world. In Mr. Theodore Drury we have the best example of a highly cultivated singer. In breadth of style, complete control over the intricate mechanism of the voice, the power to produce a sound graduating from the merest whisper to a sonorous, vibrating tone, to give the correct expression of a composer's meaning, now replete with the most exquisite tenderness and now swelling with passionate intensity or heart-breaking in emotional cadence, all these gifts of Mr. Drury, who with the sureness and ease of a virtuoso sings with delightful absence of all effort, full of grace and poetry. Mr. Drury fully established his claims to these distinctions when he produced and sang the title role of "Faust" being at the same time the first artist of his race to appear in the grand opera. The immense success and the first quality of his tenor voice at once attracted the critics of the musical world and plans were at once formed to produce "Carmen." Mr. Drury will appear in this opera shortly and it is unnecessary to add that a great musical treat awaits the opera loving public. Mr. Drury has an exceedingly attractive stage presence and to his handsome and mobile features, is wedded a graceful bearing which make him an actor of no mean ability. FATHER JOHN E. BURKE. ST. BENEDICT'S HOME, RYE, N.Y. JAMES E GARNER James E. Garner, proprietor and owner of the Manhattan House Cleaning and Renovating Bureau, was born Aug. 28. 1854, of slave parentage. He was reared in Washington, D.C., and educated in the public schools of that city. As the Capital did not offer the best advantages for the development of a business career, this young man in 1876 came to New JAMES E. GARNER York. In 1880 he established the above mentioned bureau, the first of its kind in New York, he is styled, "The Pioneer House Cleaner of New York." Starting in business about a decade and half after the close of the War of the Rebellion, he encountered many difficulculties. He soon had as his rivals, not men of his own race, but those of the Caucasian race who had every conceivable advantage, brains, experience and money. But with his brain and stickativeness, he has within twenty years out-generaled his competitors and to-day he has the largest and best equipped establishment of its kind in New York. His business occupies the entire four story brick building at 143 West 26th street. He renovates from top to bottom some of the finest dwellings, such ones as those o Goulds, Vanderbilts, Astors, Whitneys, Seligmans, Twomblys, Gerrys, Pierpont Morgan, Murrays, Rives, Neilson, Siegels, etc.: also many large public buildings, including New York Clearing House, Post Office, Chemical National Bank, Mutual Reserve Building and Bowery Savings Bank. His office is complete in every particular, having telephone and telegraphic connections. He has to assist him a full corps of clerks, superintendents, typewriter and foreman and, at times, employs fully one hundred workmen to carry on his extensive business. All of his employees are Negroes. He owns real estate in New York, New Jersey and the District of Columbia. he is in sympathy with all movements that tend to the welfare of his race and is a thoroughly practical and up-to-date man in every particular. JAMES E. GARNER'S EMPLOYEES. CHURCH OF ST BENEDICT THE MOOR. Before the year 1883, the colored Catholics of the Archdiocese of New York attended services in any church, they found most convenient to their place of residence. In that year Rev. Richard L. Burtsell, D.D., pastor of the Church of the Epiphany, taking $5,000 which had been left in the will of the Rev. Thomas Farrell for the special purpose, collected $30,000 more and bought a church om Bleecker street, New York city. This was dedicated under the patronage of St. Benedict the Moor, and placed in charge of Rev. John E. Burke. The purpose of the mission was to furnish a meeting place for the colored Catholics of the city; where they could attend mass, receive the sacraments, and to which in case of sickness they could send for a priest. It was in no way intended to rerestrict the colored people to attendance at St. Benedict's. They could go to any church they preferred, and white Catholics could to St. Benedict's. But the priests of this mission in the matter of the sacraments and personal service were to be exclusively at the call of the colored people of New York. For four years Father Burke carried on the work alone, and the Archbishop Corrigan, who always takes a deep interest in the success of the mission, sent Rev. Thomas M. O'Keefe, to be his assistant. the church grew and prospered until the drift of the population scattered the colored people throughout the upper part of the city. Then it was found necessary to sell the property in Bleecker street and move to the new church in West 53rd street. Here at present the headquarters for the work are located. From all sections of New York and Brooklyn colored Catholics and their friends come to the services in St. Benedict's. Among the many benefits which the founders of the mission can count already the following may be especially mentioned: The lessening on both sides of that feeling of distrust between the whites and the colored; the spreading of a true knowledge of the teachings of the Catholic Church, and best of all the founding of St. Benedict's Home in Rye, New York, for destitute colored children. This was started in 1886 by Father Burke. because he found that the lot of a poor orphan colored child was a very hard one, when cast among white orphans. in St. Benedict's at Rye, children, Catholic and non-Catholic, are received from all over the country. They are educated and provided with good places when old enough to go out into the world. -The Citizens' Republican Club gave one hundred dollars along with other republican Clubs of prominence toward bringing the National Convention to Philadelphia, and now we hope the Mayor will not overlook the membership of this club in making up his Citizens Committee.-Philadelphia Tribune. 6 THE NEW YORK [A]GE: THURSDAY, JANUARY 4, 1900. CALUMET CYCLERS CELEBRATE Their Fourth Annual Souvenir Reception at Lenox Lyceum. The first large gathering of the glad New Year was the fourth annual souvenir reception of the Calumet Cyclers which took place at Lenox Lyceum Tuesday evening, January 2. While the company was not as large as was expected, yet there were over eight hundred guests present, who took part in the festivities. The ladies were all handsomely gowned and everybody wore the colors of the club, old gold and blue. The Calumets have become famous in the cycling world and the position they hold to-day has been mainly through the efforts of President Charles P. Stinson. The Hollade Orchestra under Prof Penalver furnished excellent dance music. The Ianthia Wheelmen and Royal Cycle Club took part in the grand march, which was beautifully executed. After the march a handsome banner was presented to the Calumet Cyclers by Miss Maggie Lacy. The supper room was in charge of Caterer James Campbell, who prepared a tempting supper for the guests. The occupants of boxes were: Boxes 19, 21,23 and 25 contained the Royal Cycling club and friend ; Theo[d]orre S. Griffin, Mrs. Marion Ruddy, Henry Chase, Frank Freeman, James Beckett, Wm. Avery, John Savalle, John Allen, Richard Peyton, James Coles, Thomas J Diggs, and Joseph Jenkins,. Box 17 --Mrs. Fannie A Lewis, Mrs. Charles Jackson, Miss Julia Hutchinson Box 15--Mrs. M. L Lyons, Mrs J W Dorsey, Miss C. H Jackson, Mrs. E Wilkes, Mrs E T Matthews, Mrs. C. M. Shiloh. Box 13--Mrs S L Monden, Mrs C H Dudley, Mrs R. Randolph, Miss M. A. Brown, Miss Flossie Gibson. Box 11--M. J. Mallony, H C. Janssen, Thomas Anderson, Harry Rover, Charles Hamilton, Miss T. Kelly. Box 9--Mrs. Wm. E. Crippen, Mr. and Mrs W.. S Jones, Mrs. A. J. Miller, Mrs. Charles Crippen. Box 7--Mrs. H. A. Williams, Misses Beatrice Miller, Grace Dudley, Nellie Thornton. Box 3--Ianthia Wheelmen, L. G. Handy, Robert Hucless, David Prime Wm. Tyers, Charles Fisher, Benjamin J. Brown, Jr. Box W--W. Wilson, Misses Norma and Lizzi Epps. Box A--S. W. Corman, J. H. Goodwin, Secretary of Associated Cycling Clubs. Box C--Martinique Wheelmen, Nicholas Hopkins, Montgomery Woodson, Burke Gardner, Wm. Goldsboro. Box 2--Calumet dancing class Box 8--Matthew Johnson, Miss F. Allen, Wallace Robinson, Mr. and Mrs. Walter O Smith, Misses J Montgomery, Stella Grubb. Box 10--Mrs. Charles Gilmore, A. Q. Thornton, Enoch Adley, Edward Webb and Jeremiah Webb Box 14-- Mrs. Alexander Washington, Mrs. Fannie Houston, Mrs. Charles H Prattis, Miss Gertrude Thornton. Box 18--Miss Agnes Grant, Miss Lottie P. Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. R Wendell, Walter Conway, Milton R Lee, Charles Lockwood and Miss Adele Gray. Box 20--Miss Essie Collins, Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Johnston, Mrs T. H. Hankinson, Mrs Charles Barnes Box 22--Jacob Govan, Mr. and Mrs Lee Clayton, Mrs. Charles Goelet. Others present were Mr. and Mrs. Palaccio, Mr and Mrs Daniel A. Brown, Mr and Mrs H. Wallace, Mrsdames E C. Jones, Ellen Tucker, Frank sheppard, Ada Judah, Maggie Newsome, Mary Conover, Nettie Lacy, Hattie Towns, M. E. Sheaff, Misses Addie Wells, Clara Wi[l]kinson Eva Davis, Verdie Weeks, Sarah Spencer, Ahee Cater, Mary Stewart, Annie Jackson, Annie Wilson, Hattie Brown, L Hollowmen, May Wilkes, Addie Brown, Messrs Thomas Marsh, Eugene Watson, Olement Scott, J. R. Carrington, Henry Adkins, Wm. Stedman, J. Newton Wyatt, John Conover, Lyman Smith, James N. Anderson, Paris Archer, John Stevens, Moses Smith, Rufus Hurbert, B. L. Taskey, John Brown, L. Hobart Blackwell and others. Following are the officers and committees: House Officers--Charles P. Stinson, president; Wm. A Riker, Vice President; Geo E Washington, Treasurer; Chas Varona, Financial Secretary; Jas. A. R[i]ley, Recording Secretary; Daniel A. Brown, Corresponding Secretary; Wm H. Wyatt, Chaplain Road Officers:--W. H Holmes, Captain; A F. Spencer, 1st Lieutenant; Chas. Gilmore, 2nd Lieutenant; Ben- FROM THE STATE CAPITAL Presentation to Judge Matthews at Close of His Term. ALBANY, Jan. 2 -Judge Matthews of the Recorder's Court whose term expired Dec 31, was agreeably surprised at the last session of his court held Friday, D[e]c.29 Assistant District Attorney Delancy arose in the court room and in behalf of the District Attorney and his assistants presented the Judge with a costly pair of link cuff buttons, of Tuscan gold. Mr. Delancy thanked Judge Matthews on behalf of the District Attorney's HON. JAMES C. MATTHEWS. office for the uniform courtesy and consideration shown them during the past year. Judge Matthews said he felt grateful for the kind words in which Mr. Delancy had thanked him for doing his duty. Wm. H. Anthony died Dec 27 at the age of 75, as the result of a paralytic stroke. Mr. Anthony was one of the best known of Albany's citizens where he has spent all of his life from his boyhood. He was connected with most every enterprise for the advancement of the race. He was among the founders of Israel A. M. E. Church and the Charles Sumner Ben[e]ficial Association. His funeral took place Friday at 2 o'clock from his late residence, 339 Orange St. Rev. C. N. Gibbons, Pastor, officiated, assisted by Rev. A T. Johnson of Concord Baptist Church. A wife and daughter survive him. Philip Plato, son of Mrs. Elizabeth Plato and one of the popular young men of Albany, died Wednesday at the age of 32, after a short illness. Funeral services were held at his late residence, 182 Second St. A wife survives him. Rev. C N. Gibbons conducted interesting watch meeting services at Israel A. M. E. Church. The attendance was large, and he received a good collection as a New Year's offering. The watch meeting at Concord Baptist Church was also interesting. The collection was over $8. Sister Ida B. Jones and Caroline Mitchell gave a delightful reception to the Household of Ruth No. 294, Friday night, Dec 22. A fine collation was served by Col Wm. H. Brent The Alexander Crummell Historical Society gave their first social December 26 at the residence of Mr. A. J. Oliver, Hamilton St. There was address of welcome by Mr. John E. Bruce; duet, Mrs L Mann and Miss Anna Moore; reading, "The Negro in it," Miss Eva Williams; reading, "The life of T. Thos Fortune," Miss Annie Pickett; address, J. R. Frishy; photo graphic exhibition, L[e]vi J. Mann. Refreshments were served. Wm Keys of Buffalo spent the holidays with his family here. Alfred Douge, who has had a painful operation performed, is slowly improving. Miss S E Oliver is spending the holidays with her mother at Yonkers. Thos. Phillips is confined to the house with rheumatism. Miss Lurcretia Sparrow of New York is stop ping with Mrs. L. Smith on Eagle Street. NEW BEDFORD BUDGET Christmas Celebration at the Churches--Social and Personal. NEW BEDFORD, Jan 2.--Bethel A. M E. Church held its Christmas Concert Sunday evening with a large attendance. The children and teachers were made glad by presents. Rieter's Orchestra assisted accompanied by Miss Alice Webb. The children under Miss Elizabeth C Carter's direction BRIEFS FROM BUFFALO Free Dinner and Christmas Tree-- Coming Out Party. BUFFALO, Jan. 2. -The ladies of the Phyllis Wheatley Club gave a free dinner and Christmas tree for the poor on Dec. 29. They fed about 365 people, including children. A very interesting program was given after the supper from 6 to 8, after which the presents from the tree were distributed to the children. The committee, under the management of Mrs. Andrew Stockton, chairman of the charity department, assisted in making the entertainment a great success. The Phyllis Wheatley Club recently joined the National association. One of the finest coming out parties that ever occurred in Buffalo, was given by Mr. and Mrs. Jordan of Elsie place for their daughter, Miss Anna Jordan, Dec. 28. The house was handsomely decorated in holly and white roses, with wreaths of cedar suspended from the chandelier. The table covers were white and pink; in the center was a mirror with cut glass bowl containing pink roses. Candelabras with silver shades illuminated the table which was presided over by Mrs. Luke Green and Mrs. J. W. Peterson. Miss Bernice Paul assisted the debutante in receiving. Miss Jordan was gowned in white organdie over white silk, decollete, trimmed with white satin ribbon. She wore a beautiful necklace of turquoise and emeralds, which was an heirloom in the family. She carried a beautiful bouquet of pink roses. The hostess was gowned in black silk net over lemon silk. Among the guests who numbered about 150 were: Mrs. Luke Green of Trinity place, who wore white silk and violets, with diamonds; Mrs. J. W. Peterson, black silk; Miss Bernice Paul, white swiss over white silk, turquoise necklace, white hyacinths; Miss Fannie Catto, white organdie over white silk; Mrs. L Dickson, black grenadine, nile green silk trimming and black lace applique; Miss Lena Paul, blue organdie over blue silk, pearl necklace, diamond pompadour comb; Miss Maudie Davis, white organdie over white silk; Mrs. James Ross, silk waist, black crepon skirt, pearl ornaments; Miss Blanch Smith, white organdie trimmed in turquoise blue velvet, pearl necklace; Mrs. Jel lar, black satin; Mrs. Hockins, Black crepon skirt, black and white striped satin waist; Mrs Tompkins, pink crepe, trimmed in black velvet; Mrs. Emma Lee, black brocaded silk with diamond sunburst; Mrs. Penddleton, silk waist, crepon skirt. An elegant supper was served, after which dancing was indulged in until a late hour. The debutante received very beautiful and numerous presents. Out of town guests were: Mrs Finley of Dayton, Ohio; Miss Bertie Young of Niagra Falls, Mr. Ward Shelton of Albion. The Christmas fair that was held by the Michigan Street Baptist Church on Dec. 19, 20 and 21, was a success in every way. The booths were artistically arranged. The Iceland Booth, containing ice cream and ices, was presided over by Mrs. Lindsay. Mrs. Julia Billups had the city of Paris, where dressm king was carried on; Mrs Pike, fancy booth; Mrs Shelton, Brazilian coffee house and booth combined; Mrs Copeland, New Orleans market; Miss Ruby Conners, fishing pond and post office. A concert was held each evening. The first was under under the direction of Miss Bernice Paul, the second evening was home talent. Mrs. William Talbert was general manager. Mrs. Henry Williams of William street entertained Mr. and Mrs. Betts of Chicago Christmas night with a fine dinner. Mr. and Mrs. Betts will make Buffalo their home this winter. Mr. and Mrs. Coleman Thompson of Eagle street had a stag in honor of Mr. Dawson of Glenwood avenue. Mr and Mrs. Foeman of Clinton street had for their guests, Mr. Ballard of Omaha and Harold Foeman of Washington. Miss Jennie and Barry Lungford of Lockport were the guests of Mrs. J W. Peterson of Franklin street. Ward Shelton of Gaines, N. Y., spent New Year's in town. Saratoga Springs. At the annual election for officers of the Mount Lebanon Lodge, No. 33, F. and A. M , Dec. 11, the following were reelected and appointed: W. M. Geo. Granger has returned from an extended visit to relatives in Cambridge, N. Y. Rev. A. R. Jackson, pastor of Zion Church, held regular services during the Sabbath day and in the evening preaching and watch meeting. Mrs Charlotte Rue, one of the oldest church members, is quite sick. William Mallory is seriously ill with typhoid pneumonia. Mr. Dunmore of Oak Alley is on the sick list. George Ray is suffering from a broken wrist. Benjamin Johnson, father of the late Henry W. B. Johnson, died on Dec. 15, at Atlantic City, N. J. Syracuse Siftings. The revival services at Bethany Baptist Church are still going on and are fairly well attended. Presiding Elder Franklin of the New York district visited Bethel Mission last Sunday. Mrs. Eugene Crawford and Rev. George Hall returned last week from a visit in Utica. William Rice, who was injured by the Suburban Street car line two weeks ago, is recovering from his injuries. The East End Athletic Association, which was organized at Zion Hall and is commonly known as the A. M. E Zion Gymnasium, gave its first entertainment on Dec. 27. Jermane Cromwell, secretary of the board of directors and manager of the association's gymnasium, was in charge of the program. The affair was satisfactory to all who attended. Refreshments were served by a committee of ladies, of which Mrs. Garrett Loguen was chairman. The entertainment was athletic, social and financial success. The watch meeting held at Zion Church was largely attended. Rev. H J. Callis thanked his congregation for the bountiful supply of provisions and $26 in cash, donated during the Christmas-tide. Bridge Street Church, Brooklyn The church now located on Bridge street in Brooklyn, and known as the Bridge Street A. M. E. Church, was founded by the Rev Benjamin Croger and his brother Peter, who, with others, had been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church from 1808 until July, 1820, when, by a unanimous vote of the people, they withdrew from that body. On August 10 1820, at a meeting held in Bethel Church, Mott street, New York city, this society became incorporated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church. The society at that time had one hundred members and owned two lots in Brooklyn, which had been purchased as early as 1817 at a cost of $162 50 for each lot. The original house of worship was built at a cost of $900. Graduation Exercises. Last Thursday evening the Normal Class of St. Mark's Sunday School held their graduation exercised. An interesting program was prepared by the class, con sisting of solos, recitations and addresses Miss Bu[?]h Bates, B. A, gave the salutatory address and Miss Maud Griffin was the valedictorian. Dr Doughtry, secretary of the International Sunday School Association, addressed the graduates and spoke h[i]ghly of the good work they had done during the past two years. Dr. Doughty presented two prizes to Miss Maria Gansway of Miss Bandy's class and Miss Lottie Moody of Miss Leouard's class, two dollars and a half in gold, for having received 100 per cent. at their annual examination. Sunday afternoon the lyceum had a very interesting program under the charge of Dr. E. P Roberts. Special music was prepared for the occasion. Notes from Bath. A large number of people attended the Christmas exercises at Zion Church Dec. 23 An excellent program was rendered by the Sunday School, after which Prof Z L Parker read his thirteenth annual poem Prof Parker has been one of the most faithful and energetic workers the church has ever had Rev. J. C. Scar borough, a student of Auburn Theological Seminary, who is spending his vacation with Rev. T. A. Auten, made a fitting address. The Christmas gifts were then distributed A handsome watch was pre sented to the pastor by the Bath Literary Society. Mrs Cynthia Wayne who has been confined to the house with a severe cold is convalescing. The Bath Literary Society met at the residence of Mrs. George Johnson on Geneva Street Dec 26 Instrumental solos by the Misses Josephine and Georgianna Hines were finely executed. Albert Haley read an excellent paper on the life of Toussaint L'Ouverture. Miss Marie Wayne played the violin Recitations by Misses Florence Storey and Laura Hines were well received, as were NOTES FROM NEWPORT. Miss Ella L. Smith Wedded to Dr. S. G. Elbert of Wilmington, Del. NEWPORT. Jan 2 --The wedding of Dr. Samuel George Elbert of Wilmington, Del, and Miss Ella Lavinia Smith, daughter of Mr. and Mrs Daniel Arthur Smith, occurred at the home of the bride's parents last Wednesday evening, on Mary street, and in the presence of relatives and immediate friends from Boston, Washington and Wilmington The ceremony was performed by Rev. Emery H. Porter, rector of Emmanuel Church, while the bride was given away by her father and was attended by a maid of honor, Miss Constance Josephine Ridley of Boston The groom had as his best man Mr. Daniel Arthur Smith, Jr , a brother of the bride. The groom graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with high honors and the bride earned her B.A. at Wellesley in 1883 and and M. A. in '92. Mrs Elbert has been teaching for the past eleven years at the Howard University at Washington. The ushers were Mssrs. U A Ridley, Jr., W. H. Lewis and F. C. Dickerson. During Christmas week dinner parties were all the vogue. Among those who entertained Christmas was Mrs. Silas Dickerson, who had as her guests Mr. and Mrs. Peter W. Townsend and family. Mr. and Mrs. Edward Neilson had Mr and Mrs B[?]rry and family, her two sisters, the Misses Mae and Daisy Chatman. Miss Georgie King and Miss Georgie Edmunds, Messrs J. T. Allen, William Thompson; Mrs. Cora Hill had Miss McIntire, L. Harris, Mrs. Carney, W. J. Reed. On Dec 28 by the Bev. E Richardson Miss Ella Deane of Baltimore and John Ross of Virginia were united in marriage. The bride wore a beautiful flowered silk gown, en train, white veil and wreath and carried a large bouquet of bridal roses. Miss Gracie Jackson, the bridesmaid wore white silk. Herbert Williams was best man. Among the guests at Mr and Mrs D. A. Smith's, who were here for the wedding of their daughter, were: Mmes. Alice M. Brown, New Jersey; Josephine St Pierre Ruffin, Mr. and Mrs W. A. Ridley, Miss Ridley, Boston; F. C. Allen, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Silas Dickerson had as her guests this week Mrs. M B. Mitchell and Miss Mitchell, New Bedford; Mrs Ariana C. Sparrow, Boston. F. C. Dickerson was home for the holidays Mr. and Mrs E. Davis, who were guests of Mr. and Mrs. Owen Lennon of Boston, are home after a very pleasant visit. Mrs. Lennon gave a very large at home in their honor. Miss Jennie Nolan accompanied them. Dr and Mrs. S. G. Elbert, who spent their honeymoon in Boston and vicinity, stopped here for a few days en route to their home in Wilmington, Del. The watch meetings at three of our churches were fittingly observed. At Shiloh Baptist Church the sacred concert was the best given in a long time. At Touro Chapel, the Union Congregational Church united in the watch meeting. The fair was a success socially as well as financially Miss Mary Veny is visiting in Boston, the guest of Mrs Chase Mrs Williams of Prospect Hill street made a pleasant visit in New Bedford. At Mt. Olivet Baptist Church on last Sunday all day praise meeting was well attended, as was the watch meeting in the evening Three joined the church and several asked to be prayed for. Deacon Tabb has thrown open his parlor and library to deserving Christian young men and women. They can meet there under the watch care of the deacon or Mrs. Tabb any evening but Saturday. They will find plenty of good books to read. The deacon has one of the Edison talking machines and will give a concert. At the Downes villa this week are Mr. and Mrs. William H. Jones, Jamestown; Mrs. C. L Peters, New Haven. Mrs. Robert Cradle is much better, after an illness of nearly six weeks. Thomas Carter has taken rooms at the Filmore House. Seamen Gunners Mathias and Mann, who went home to New York for the holidays, have reported for duty. Harry Buchanan, who was home for the holidays, has returned to Providence. Miss Golden and Eugene Sutler have returned from Baltimore. T. C. Dudley, who was visiting his mother in Boston, is home. Mid-Winter Assemblies On Friday evening, Dec 29 the first assembly of the mid-winter s[e]ries of dances was given at Crosby Hall, Borough of Brooklyn The number of subscribers present was large and the ladies looked exceptionally charming. Among the many strangers from out of town were Misses Lulu Love and Blanche Bradford, Washington; Bessie Mitchell, New Bedford; Lillian Bull, and Miss King, Toronto, Canada; Messrs. Wyatt Archer and Cornelius Howe, Washington Prominent among the subscribers were Mr. and Mrs J. Hoffman Woo[d]s, Mr. BOROUGH OF BROOKLYN. The Criterion Dancing School will open the latter part of the month. Samuel Mayo of 96 Gwinnett street, will spend a few weeks in Boston. A number of Mr. Madison Pierce's friends enjoyed his hospitality on New Year's. Mrs. Adams of Boston is the guest of her sister, Mrs. Dickerson, 40 Throop ave nue. Isidor Smith's entertainment on the 8th inst. bids fair to be one of the best of the season. Robert Zeno of the U. S. S. Vermont spent the New Year's holidays as guest of Percival Babcock. Jeremiah Buck, a well known skater of this Borough, was in charge of he Cypress Hill skating arena. Mrs. Mary J. Dunne and grand children have returned to the city after a week's stay at Middletown, N. Y. The Klonkyke Trio, Messrs. Brown, Benard and Jefferson, are appearing at the London Theatre this week. Mrs. George Wm. Greene of 290 Bergen street gave birth to a fine 10 lb. baby girl. Mother and child are doing well. Counsellor T. J. Minton of Philadelphia arrived in the city on Saturday afternoon, and is the guest of Prof. and Mrs. Chas. A Dorsey. During Christmas week Mr. and Mrs. Milden T. Payne of Stuyvesant Heights entertained Mr and Mrs. George Milden of Marlboro, Ulster Co. On Christmas evening Mr. and Mrs. J. Eugene Mars and daughters entertained Miss Lulu Love of Washington at their residence, 386 Marion street. Miss Edith Abrams who was spending a few weeks with her sister, Mrs. Patterson, has returned home after spending a pleasant time during the holidays. Watch meeting services at Zion Church, South Third and Hooper streets, were well attended. The pastor preached at both services and communion was administered. Miss Mable Ferris of New Haven, who made a short but delightful visit to this borough, the guest of Mrs. Theresa W Spencer and Mrs. Ruby M. A. Abbott, has returned home. District Attorney Clarke has appointed E. B Bristol an assistant clerk in his office upon the recommendation of the Colored Democracy of Kings County, despite the fact that Leader William Russell Johnson had another candidate for the place. Mr. and Mrs. Pegram, 185 South 8th street, gave an informal reception on New Year's evening. A pleasant evening was spent in jollification, music, games, etc., after which the guests partook of dainties and dancing was resumed until early morn. On Friday of last week a birthday party was given for Master Philip White Peterson to mark his fourth anniversary. A number of his little playmates and their mothers assembled and spent a pleasant afternoon around the Christmas tree. A birthday cake bearing four lighted candles was a feature of the luncheon that followed. Services were well attended at Siloam Presbyterian Church on last Sabbath. Rev. O M. Bonfield preached at 11 A. M. on "Character Building" Dr. W. A. Alexander, the pastor, delivered an able sermon at the evening service on "The Unfulfilled Task" The service was continued to 12. The subject was "Personal Consecration"; speakers, Rev. W. L. Hunter, M D, Rev. W. R Lawton, Messrs J. A Morgan, O M. Bonfield, L. A. Jeppe. The choir rendered appropriate music. The monthly literary meeting of St. Augustine's Church Aid and Literary Society was held Dec 29 An appreciative audience listened to a very interesting paper on the life of the late Dr. Crummell which was delivered by Miss Maritcha Lyons. Misses Anna Somers and Edith Trimmingham rendered vocal and instrumental solos of high order, which met with great applause. Light refreshments were served by the literary committee. The meetings will be continued regularly on the last Friday of each month. All are cordially invited. Miss Heloise Ozier Greene, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. C. Greene, celebrated her third anniversary on Wednesday afternoon last with a Christmas tree party at her residence at "Homewood," in the former town of New Utrecht. Among her guests were: Masters Wilbur D. Rogers, George W. E Payne, Phillip W. Peterson, Frank G. Downing, Robert Miller, Jr., Harry Moore. Misses Elizabeth G. Mars, K Olga and Helen C. Lansing, C. Rosella Payne. The children were chaperoned by Mrs. C. H. Lansing, Jr , Mrs J. B. Peterson, Mrs. F. P. downing, Mrs. Theo. Rogers, Mrs. Robert Miller, Mrs Charles Moore, Mrs H. E Potter. Miss Greene Thomas J Diggs, and Joseph Jenkins. Box 17-Mrs. Fannie A Lewis, Mrs. Charles Jackson, Miss Julia Hutchinson Box 15-Mrs. M. L. Lyons, Mrs J W. Dorsey, Miss C. H. Jackson, Mrs. E Wilkes, Mrs E. T. Matthews, Mrs. C.M. Shiloh. Box 13-Mrs S L Monden, Mrs. C. H. Dudley, Mrs. R. Randolph, Miss M. A. Brown, Miss Flossie Gibson. Box 11-M. J. Mallony, H C. Janssen, Thomas Anderson, Harry Rover, Charles Hamilton, Miss T. Kelly. Box 9-Mrs. Wm. E. Crippen, Box 7-Mrs. H. A. Williams, Misses Beatrice Miller, Grace Dudley, Nellie Thornton. Box 3-Ianthia Wheelmen, L. G. Handy, Robert Hucless, David Prime, Wm. Tyers, Charles Fisher, Benjamin J. Brown, Jr. Box W-W. Wilson, Misses Norma and Lizzie Epps. Box A-S. W. Corman, J. H. Goodwin, Secretary of Associated Cycling Clubs. Box C-Martinique Wheelmen, Nicholas Hopkins, Montgomery Woodson, Burke Gardner, Wm. Goldsboro. Box 2-Calumet dancing class Box 8-Matthew Johnson, Miss F. Allen, Wallace Robinson, Mr. and Mrs. Walter O Smith, Misses J Montgomery, Stella Grubb. Box 10-Mrs. Charles Gillmore, A. Q. Thornton, Enoch Adley, Edward Webb and Jeremiah Webb. Box 14- Mrs. Alexander Washington, Mrs. Fannie Houston, Mrs. Charles H. Prattis, Miss Gertrude Thornton. Box 18-Miss Agnes Grant, Miss Lottie P. Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. R. Wendell, Walter Conway, Milton R. Lee, Charles Lockwood and Miss Adele Gray. Box 20 - Miss Essie Collins, Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Johnston, Mrs T. H. Hankinson, Mrs. Charles Barnes. Box 22-Jacob Govan, Mr. and Mrs. Lee Clayton, Mrs. Charles Goelet. Others present were Mr. and Mrs. Palaccio, Mr and Mrs Daniel A. Brown, Mr and Mrs H. Wallace, Mesdames E. C. Jones, Ellen Tucker, Frank Sheppard, Ada Judah, Maggie Newsome, Mary Conover, Nettie Lacy, Hattie Towns, M. E. Sheaff, Misses Addie Wells, Clara Wi kinson Eva Davis, Verdie Weeks, Sarah Spencer, Alice Carter, Mary Stewart, Annie Jackson, Annie Wilson, Hattie Brown, L Hollowmen, May Wilkes, Addie Brown, Messrs Thomas Marsh, Eugene Watson, Clement Scott, J. R. Carrington, Henry Adkins, Wm. Stedman, J. Newton Wyatt, John Conover, Lyman Smith, James N. Anderson, Paris Archer, John Stevens, Moses Smith, Rufus Hurbert, B.L. Taskey, John Brown, L. Hobart Blackwell and others. Following are the officers and committees: House Officers-Charles P. Stinson, president; Wm. A Riker, Vice President; Geo E Washington, Treasurer; Chas Verona, Financial Secretary; Jas. A. R ley, Recording Secretary; Daniel A. Brown, Corresponding Secretary; Wm H. Wyatt, Chaplain. Road Officers: - W. H Holmes, Captain; A. F. Spencer, 1st Lieutenant; Chas. G lmore, 2nd Lieutenant; Benjamin L S pp. Surgeon; A. F Smith, Bugler ; Wm. D. Gregory, 2nd Bugler; E. W. Johnson, Color Bearer; J. H. Banks, Assistant Color Bearer. Ex ecutive Committee: W. A. R ker, Chariman ; R. H Baynard, V ce Chairman ; F. G. Dennis, Secretary; A. F. Spencer, Assistant Secretary ; J. H. Banks, Treasurer; J. H. Spencer, Ser- grant-at-Arms; Abraham Williams, Willis Wilson, H. L. Toles, C. H. Payne, G. H. Jones, Tomas Ciares, W. L Starks, Benjamin Scott, J. L. obinson, C. E Crippen, C.E.Stevens, B. L Sipp, J. B Wyatt, G W. Montague, W. T. Pinn, R. Burt Ross, Chas. D Twybe, Al. Washington, Richard Wendel Reception Committee: James A. Garner, Chairman; J. Milton Williams, M D, B. B Hamilton, J. A. Riley, Isaiah B rry, Lee Clayton, J. F. Govan, Oscar Hooper, A. A. Thornton, C. A. Gilmore. Floor Directors: Thomas Turner, Chairman; Charles Shiloh, Richard Jackson, E. T. Matthews. E[?]mira Echoes Miss Maude A. Phoenix of this city and Richard Tibbs of Ithaca were married Dec. 21. Miss Edith May Lee of this city and William J. Moore of Washington, D.C., were united in the bonds of holy wedlock Dec 27 Rev S. L. Corrothers officiated at each marriage. Mrs. Liss e Brooker sustained a painful surgical operation last week and rallied nicely. [???] and Mrs. G. F. Brooks kept open house on Jan 1. HON. JAMES C. MATTHEWS torney's office for the uniform courtesy and consideration shown them during the past year. Judge Matthews said he felt grateful for the kind words in which Mr. Delancy had thanked him for doing his duty. Wm. H. Anthony died Dec 27 at the age of 75. as the result of a paralytic stroke. Mr. Anthony was one of the best known of Albany's citizens where he has spent all of his life from his boyhood. He was connected with most every enterprise for the advancement of the race. He was among the founder of Israel A. M. E Church and the Charles Sumner Beneficial Association. His funeral took place Friday at 2 o'clock from his late residence, 339 Orange St. Rev. C. N. Gibbons, Pastor, officiated, assisted by Rev. A. T. Johnson of Concord Baptist Church. A wife and daughter survive him. Philip Plato, son of Mrs Elizabeth Plato and one of the popular young men of Albany, died Wednesday at the age of 32, after a short illness. Funeral services were held at his late residence, 182 Second St. A wife survives him. Rev. C N. Gibbons conducted interesting watch meeting services at Israel A. M. E. Church. The attendance was large, and he received a good collection as a New Year's offering. The watch meeting at Concord Baptist Church was also interesting. The collection was over $8. Sisters Ida B. Jones and Caroline Mitchell gave a delightful reception to the Household of Ruth No. 294, Friday night, Dec 22. A fine colla[?]on was served by Col Wm. H. Brent The Alexander Crummell Historical Society gave their first social December 26 at the residence of Mr. A. J. Oliver, Hamilton St. There was address of welcome. by Mr. John E. Bruce; duet, Mrs L Mann and Miss Anna Moore; reading, "The Negro in it," Miss Eva Williams; reading, "The life of T. Thos. Fortune," Miss Annie Pickett; address, J. R. Frisby; photo graphic exhibition, Levi J. Mann. Refreshments were served. Wm Keys of Buffalo spent the holidays with his family here. Alfred Douge, who has had a painful operation performed, is slowly improving. Miss S E Oliver is spending the holidays with her mother at Yonkers. Thos. Philips is confined to the house with rheumatism. Miss Lucredia Sparrow of New York is stopping with Mrs. L. Smith on Eagle Street. NEW BEDFORD BUDGET Christmas Celebration at the Churcher-Social and Personal. NEW BEDFORD, JAN 2.-Bethel A. M. E. Church held its Christmas Concert Sunday evening with a large attendance. The children and teachers were made glad by presents. Rieter's Orchestra assisted accompanied by Miss Alice Webb. The children under Miss Elizabeth C. Carter's direction rendered their parts in a pleasing manner. The superintendent and teachers gave the children an enjoyable treat Thursday evening. Rev. Mr Bryant presented to Supt Hezekiah Webb a Christmas box, a token from the school The Crescent Club connected with Zion Church gave an entertainment and turkey supper Dec. 27, 28 and 29. Miss Williams, a well known singer of Providence, made her first appearance in New Bedford, assisted by Mrs. J C. Smith, Miss Eva Wright, pianist, William Watts, baritone. The Uniform Ranks of Knights of Pythias gave a reception and ball Christmas evening. The grand march was led by Captain Knox and wife He being the best equipped man in the drill, received the prize of a ring Music was furnished by Williams and Stevens' Orchestra. Mrs. Ella Carroll of Providence is home visiting her parents, Mr. and Mrs T. William Jackson. Mrs. Wm. H. Harrison of Brooklyn, N. Y. , has been spending the holidays with her daughter, Mrs Cranston Lee. Miss Annie Fisher left the city to sing in Philadelphia Dec 28, Wilmington, Del., on the 29 h and later in Baltimore. Rev. Wm. Jackson is very ll at his residence on Smith Street. Rev. J. T. Hayeslett, presiding elder, preached at Bethel Church Sunday morning and evening. Union watch. meeting was held at Zion A. M. E Church. Liberty Bell Club gave a turkey supper Monday evening. wore a beautiful necklace of turquoise and emeralds, which was an heirloom in the family. She carried a beautiful bouquet of pink roses. The hostess was gowned in black silk net over lemon silk Among the guests who numbered about 150 were: Mrs. Luke Green of Trinity place, who wore white silk and violets, with diamonds ; Mrs. J. W. Peterson, black silk; Miss Bernice Paul, white swiss over white silk, turquoise necklace, white hyacinths; Miss Fannie Catto, white organdie over white silk; Mrs. L. Dickson, black grenadine, nile green silk trimming and black lace applique; Miss Lena Paul, blue organdie over blue silk, pearl necklace, diamond pompadour comb; Miss Maudie Davis, white organdie over white silk; Mrs. James Ross, silk waist, black crepon skirt, pearl ornaments; Miss Blanch Smith, white organdie trimmed in turquoise blue velvet, pearl necklace; Mrs. Kellar, black satin; Mrs. Tompkins, pink crepe, trimmed in black velvet; Mrs. Emma Lee, black brocaded silk with diamond sunburst; Mrs. Penddleton, silk waist, crepon skirt. An elegant supper was served, after which dancing was indulged in until a late hour. The debutante received very beautiful and numerous presents. Out of town guests were: Mrs. Finley of Dayton, Ohio; Miss Bertie Young of Niagara Falls, Mr. Ward Shelton of Albion. The Christmas fair that was held by the Michigan Street Baptist Church on Dec. 19, 20 and 21, was a success in every way. The booths were artistically arranged. The Iceland booth, containing ice cream and ices, was presided over by Mrs. Lindsay, Mrs. Julia Billups had the city of Paris, where dressm king was carried on; Mrs. Pike, fancy booth; Mrs. Shelton, Brazilian coffee house and booth combined; Mrs Copeland, New Orleans market; Miss Ruby Conners, fishing pond and post office. A concert was held each evening. The first was under the direction of Miss Bernice Paul, the second evening was home talent. Mrs. William Talbert was general manager. Mrs. Henry Williams of William street entertained Mr. and Mrs. Betts of Chicago Christmas night with a fine dinner. Mr. and Mrs. Betts will make Buffalo their home this winter. Mr. and Mrs. Coleman Thompson of Eagle street had a stag in honor of Mr. Dawson of Glenwood avenue. Mr and Mrs. Foeman of Clinton street had for their guests, Mr. Ballard of Omaha and Harold Foeman of Washington. Miss Jennie and Barry Langford of Lockport were the guests of Mrs. J W. Peterson of Franklin street. Ward Shelton of Gaines, N. Y., spent New Year's in town. Saratoga Springs. At the annual election for officers of the Mount Lebanon Lodge, No. 33, F. and A. M. Dec. 11, the following were r elected and appointed : W. M., Geo. H. Wentworth ; S. W., C. C. Mann; J. W , Edward Sourell; secretary, George A. Dubois; treasurer, David Franklin; chaplain, H. Jackson; S D , Albert Briggs; J. D., A. Williams; S. M. C , Charles Hill; J. M. C., Jos. Hill, Jr ; trustees, CHarles W. Stewart, W. B Van Horn, N. H. Van Buren; tiler, Geo. Washington. The invitation entertainment given by the Rebecca Household of Ruth, No. 620, G. U O of O. F., in celebration of their tenth anniversary on Dec. 28, was a very successful affair and reflected much credit on the management. The Christmas exercises of Zion Sunday School, consisting of special singing, recitations, and distribution of presents by Santa Claus, were held Dec. 26 Mrs. Sarah Harris and the Silver Leaf Quartette Club took part in an entertainment at the First Baptist Church on Dec. 28. The Helping Hand of Willing Workers Society has presented one ton of coal and repaired the roof of Zion Church. Among the students who have recently entered the Saratoga Business Institute are Mrs. Ernestine Jackson and Miss Louisa Lloyd. Geo. Washington and Walker Gaines left for Old Point Comfort, Va. Mr. and Mrs. Codett left for Brooklyn. Mr. Codett will continue his trip to Florida. Miss Gertrude Green is visiting friends in Troy. Mrs. Emily F. Johnson is the guest of Mr. and Mrs. G W. Evans, at West [??]dford Mass. Mrs. Bell of Cowen str[?] has returned from New York cit{??] Miss Ella of which Mrs. Garrett Loguen was chairman. The entertainment was an athletic, social and financial success. The watch meeting held at Zion Church was largely attended. Rev. H. J. Callis thanked his congregation for the bountiful supply of provisions and $25 in cash, donated during the Christmas- tide. Bridge Street Church, Brooklyn The church now located on Bridge street in Brooklyn, and known as the Bridge Street A. M. E. Church, was founded by the Rev Benjamin Croger and his brother Peter, who, with others, had been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church from 1808 until July, 1820, when, by a unanimous vote of the people, they withdrew from that body. On August 10 1820, at a meeting held in Bethel Church, Mott street, New York city, this society became incorporated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church. The society at that time had one hundred members and owned two lots in Brooklyn, which had been purchased as early as 1817 at a cost of $162 50 for each lot. The original house of worship was built at a cost of $900. Graduation Exercises Last Thursday evening the Normal Class of St. Mark's Sunday School held their graduation exercises An interesting program was prepared by the class, con sisting of solos, recitations and addresses Miss Bu[?]h Bates, B. A , gave the salutatory address and MIss Maud Griffin was the valedictorian. Dr. Doughty, secretary of the International Sunday School Association, addressed the graduates and spoke highly of the good work they had done during the past two years. Dr. Doughty presented two prizes to Miss Maria Ganaway of Miss Handy's class and Miss Lottie Moody of Miss Leonard's class, two dollars and a half in gold, for having received 100 per cent. at their annual examination. Sunday afternoon the lyceum had a very interesting program under the charge of Dr. E. P Roberts. Special music was prepared for the occasion. Notes from Bath. A large number of people attended the Christmas exercises at Zion Church Dec. 23 An excellent program was rendered by the Sunday School, after which Prof Z L Parker read his thirteenth annual poem Prof Parker has been one of the most faithful and energetic workers the church has ever had. Rev. J. C. Scar borough, a student of Auburn Theological Seminary, who is spending his vacation with Rev. T. A. Auten, made a fitting address. The Christmas gifts were then distributed A handsome watch was presented to the pastor by the Bath Literary Society met at the residence of Mrs. George Johnson on Geneva Street Dec 26 Instrumental solos by the Misses Josephine and Georgianna Hines were finely executed. Albery Haley read an excellent paper on the life of Toussaint L'Ouverture. Miss Marie Wayne played the violin Recitations by Misses Florence Storey and Laura Hines were well received, as were also the vocal solos by Mrs Morris Lucas and Mrs. George Johnson. Rev J. C. Scarborough spoke on "Culture and Character in Society." Auburn [?]nn[???] Mrs. Cummings, Miss Ida Parker and two other young ladies from Canada were visiting relatives and friends during the holidays. The Tribe of Benjamin gave a concert and supper Dec. 15. There were recitations and tableaus. "The Five Mys terious Women" caused a good deal of mirth, also "Grand'ma Sleep, Grand'ma Wake." S.Coley is on the sick list, also G Vanschoit. Miss Lucy Freeman has gone to New York city. Mrs Perry Williams entertained the Household of Ruth at dinder at her home on Clark street on Christmas. The Sunday School had their Christmas tree and concert on Monday night. James Martin is here visiting his sisters and friends. Miss Richardson from B oomfield is visiting relatives and friends. Jersey City Items Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Taylor of Parkersburg, West Va., entertained a few friends on Friday evening, Dec 29 Among those present were : Mr. and Mrs M. Stark, Mrs. A. Snead, N. Snead, Mr. and Mrs. C. Stark, Misses Maud and Lottie Pyess, A Stark, J. Miller of Athens, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Stark of Duncan avenue entertained a few friends on Christmas night playing whist. At 12 o'clock assumptuous repast was served. Mr. Charles and MarcellusStarks left New Year's night for Griffin, Ga , to attend the funeral of their father, Geo. Stark, who is survived by four sons and two daughters. Thompson; Mrs. Cora Hill had Miss McIntire, L. Harris, Mrs. Carney, W. J . Reed. On Dec 28 by the Bev. E. Richardson Miss Ella Deane of Baltimore and John Ross of Virginia were united in marriage. The bride wore a beautiful flowered silk gown, en train, white veil and wreath and carried a large bouquet of bridal roses. Miss Gracie Jackson, the bridesmaid wore white silk. Herbert Williams was best man. Among the guests at Mr. and Mrs. D. A. Smith's, who were here for the wedding of their daughter, were: Mmes. Alice M. Brown, New Jersey; Jospehine St Pierre Ruffin, Mr. and Mrs W. A. Ridley, Miss Ridley, Boston; F. C. Allen, Washingon, D. C. Mrs. Silas D ckerson had as her guests this week Mrs M. B. Mitchell and Miss Mitchell, New Bedford; Mrs. Ariana C. Sparrow, Boston. F. C. Dickerson was home for the holidays Mr. and Mrs E. Davis, who were guests of Mr. and Mrs. Owen Lennon of Boston, are home after a very pleasant visit. Mrs. Lennon gave a very large at home in their honor. Miss Jennie Nolan accompanied them. Dr and Mrs. S. G. Elbert, who spent their honeymoon in Boston and vicinity, stopped here for a few days en route to their home in Wilmington, Del. The watch meetings at three of our churches were fittingly observed. At Shiloh Baptist Church the sacred concert was the best given in a long time. At Touro Chapel, the Union Congregational Church united in the watch meeting. The fair was a success socially as well as financially Miss Mary Veny is visiting in Boston, the guest of Mrs Chase. Mrs. Williams of Prospect hill street made a pleasant visit in New Bedford. At Mt. Olivet Baptist Church on last Sunday all day praise meeting was well attended, as was the watch meeting in the evening Three joined the church and several asked to be prayed for. Deacon Tabb has thrown open his parlor and library to deserving Christian young men and women. They can meet there under the watch care of the deacon or Mrs. Tabb any evening but Saturday. They will find plenty of good books to read. The deacon has one of the Edison talking machines and will give a concert. At the Downes Villa this week are Mr. and Mrs. William H. Jones, Hamestown; Mrs. C. L Peters, New Haven. Mrs. Robert Cradle is much better, after an illness of nearly six weeks. Thomas Carter has taken rooms at the Fillmore House. Seaman Gunners Mathias and Mann, who went home to New York for the holidays, have reported for duty. Harry Buchanan, who was home for the holidays, has returned to Providence. Miss Golden and Eugene Sutler have returned from Baltimore. T. C. Dudley, who was visiting his mother in Boston, is home. Mid-Winter Assemblies On Friday evening, Dec 29 the first assembly of the mid-winter s-ries of dances was given at Crosby Hall, Borough of Brooklyn. The number of subscribers present was large and the ladies looked exceptionally charming. Among the many strangers from out of town were Misses lulu Love and Blanche Bradford, Washington; Bessie Mitchell, New Bedford; Lillian Bull, and Miss King, Toronto, Canada; Messrs. Wyatt Archer and Cornelius Howe, Washington. Prominent among the subscribers were Mr. and Mrs J. Hoffman Woods, Mr and Mrs. Robert M. Attwell, Mr. and Mrs Charles W. Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Harrison, Mr. and Mrs Ferdinand Washington, Mr. and Mrs Berry Smith, Misses Edith A Brexton, Katherine B. Smith, Eva Burleigh, L[?]na Smith, Annie Hawley, Ellen Ford, Anna Stewart, and many others. Much interest has been manifested in this series of dances and the committee, consisting of Messrs Atwell, Braxton, R R and D. S Willis Hawley, Murray, Day, Thorne, Bell and Wibecan. deserves great praise fort he excellent manner in which this, the first of the series, was brought to so successful a closs. Morristown Matters The twentieth anniversary of Tyrian Lodge No. 34, F. and A. M., was held in their handsome rooms on South street Dec. 18. After some good music and singing by the glee club, Worshipful Master Camp of Madison called the session to order. Addresses were made by the past grand master of the State, Charles Hill, and others. A party was given by Mrs. Rosetta Walker at her residence, in honor of Miss Coleman last week. The fifty fifth anniversary of the A. M. E. Church will be held Jan. 14 to 21 Brooklyn Choral Union The first meeting of the Brooklyn Choral Union will be held in the lecture room of Concord Baptist Church, Duffield street, on Monday evening, Jan. 8. The union is organized for the purpose of rendering high class choral works by the master composers. The present enrollment is forty members. Philip A. Myers is director and Miss M. A. Perkins, accompanist An amateur orchestra is being organized to handle the instrumentation. On Christmas evening Mr. and Mrs. J. Eugene Mars and daughters entertained Miss Lulu Love of Washington at their residence, 386 Marion street. Miss Edith Abrams who was spending a few weeks with her sister, Mrs. Patterson, has returned home after spending a pleasant time during the holidays. Watch meeting at Zion Church, South Third and Hooper streets, were well attended. The pastor preached at both services and communion was administered. Miss Mable Ferris of New Haven, who made a short but delightful visit to this borough, the guest of Mrs. Theresa W Spencer and Mrs. Ruby M. A. Abbott, has returned home. District Attorney Clarke has appointed E. B. Bristol an assistant clerk in his office upon the recommendation of the Colored Democracy of Kings County, despite the fact that Leader William Russell Johnson had another candidate for the place. Mr. and Mrs. Pegram, 185 South 8th street, gave an informal reception on New Year's evening. A pleasant evening was spent in jollification, music, games, etc., after which the guests partook of dainties and dancing was resumed until early morn. On Friday of last week a birthday party was given for Master Philip White Peterson to mark his fourth anniversary. A number of his little playmates and their mothers assembled and spent a pleasant afternoon around the Christmas tree. A birthday cake bearing four lighted candles was a feature of the luncheon that followed. Services were well attended at Siloam Presbyterian Church on last Sabbath. Rev. O. M. Bonfield preached at 11 A. M. on "Character Building" Dr. W. A. Alexander, the pastor, delivered an able sermon at the evening service on "The Unfulfilled Task" The service was continued to 12 The subject was, "Personal Consecration"; speakers. Rev. W. L. Hunter, M. D., Rev. W. R Lawton, Messrs J. A. Morgan, O M. Bonfield, L. A. Jeppe. The choir rendered appropriate music. The monthly literary meeting of St. Augustine's Church Aid and Literary Society was held Dec. 29 An appreciative audience listened to a very interesting paper on the life of the late Dr. Crummell which was delivered by Miss Maritcha Lyons. Misses Anna Somers and Edith Trimmingham rendered vocal and instrumental solos of high order, which met with great applause. Light refreshments were served by the literary committee. The meetings will be continued regularly on the last Friday of each month. All are cordially invited. Miss Heloise Ozier Greene, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. C. Greene, celebrated her third anniversary on Wednesday afternoon last with a Christmas tree party at her residence at "Homewood," in the former town of New Utrecht. Among her guests were: Masters Wilbur D. Rogers, George W. E Payne, Philip W. Peterson, Frank G. Downing, Robert Miller, Jr., Harry Moore, Misses Elizabeth G. Mars, K Olga and Helen C. Lansing, C. Rosella Payne. The children were chaperoned by Mrs. C. H. Lansing, Jr , Mrs. J. B. Peterson, Mrs. F. P. Downing, Mrs. Theo. Rogers, Mrs. Robert Miller, Mrs. Charles Moore, Mrs. H. E Potter. Miss Greene was the recipient of a number of seasonable presents. St. James Presbyterian Church Special services were held in St. James Presbyterian Church on last Sabbath. Rev. P. Butler Thompkins preached two special sermons The one for the morning was retrospective and the one for the evening prospective. During the night services much spiritual fervor was manifested. Three persons were converted. Many stood up to be prayed for Rev. Mr. Thompkins said that was only the beginning of greater things, for services would be held every evening and urged all the members to come when they could. Wonderful Discovery BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT. OZONIZED OX MARROW THE ORIGINAL-COPYRIGHTED. The only safe preparation in the world that makes curly hair straight, as shown above. It nourishes the scalp, prevents the hair from falling out and makes it grow. Sold over 40 years and used by thousands. Warranted harmless. Beware of imitations. Get the Original Ozonized Ox Marrow, as the genuine never fails to keep the hair pliable and beautiful. Only 50 cents. Sold by dealers or send us $1.40 Postal or Express Money Order for 3 bottles, express paid. Write your name and address plainly to OZONIZED OX MARROW CO., 76 WABASH AVE, CHICAGO, ILL. Mention THE NEW YORK AGE. THE NEW YORK AGE: THURSDAY, JANUARY 4, 1900. 7 THE NEW YORK AGE. PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY. SUBSCRIPTION RATES. 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All communications enclosing news matter for publication must be signed with the name of the writer, not for publication, but as a guarantee of the correctness of the information furnished. Anonymous matter will not be inserted. Agents and correspondents are solicited in all parts of the country. Samples and terms will be furnished upon application. ADVERTISING RATES Notices of Marriages and Deaths and other special notices not over ten lines, (eighty words) one dollar for one insertion. Religious Notices, fifty cents each insertion. Business Cards, one inch space, (not over forty words,) 50 cents each insertion. To Let and Want Advertisements, not over two lines (16 words), 25 cents for one insertion. Over two lines, 10 cents a line, (8 words to a line), Display, 70 cents an inch. Reading Notices, double rates. All Advertisements and Subscriptions can also be left at the following places: NEW YORK CITY ROBERT GRANT, 413 Sixth avenue, near 25th street. CHARLES EDGAR, 59 West 39th street. H. MEYER, 109 West 10th street. L. J. FINCH, 1242 Broadway. W. H. ALLEN, 142 Columbus avenue. KEIN'S ADVERTISING AGENCY, 1513 Third avenue. JOHN H. WILLIAMS, JR., 988 Washington avenue. F.J BROWN, 4076 Park avenue, Tremont. RICHARD H. SMITH, 26 Seventh street, Will- iamsbridge. BROOKLYN-LOTT HENDERSON, 149 Prince street. DAVID A. GREENE, General Agent for New York, Brooklyn and Jersey City. News matter for publication should reach the office by Monday or Tuesday. Advertisements will be received until noon on Wednesday for issue of current week. Address all mail to FORTUNE & PETERSON, Publishers, 4 Cedar Street, New York City THURSDAY, JANUARY 4 1900. New York City News. BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN. Joseph Holland of 225 West 18th street is suffering from a severe attack of rheumatism. R. W. Carter spent the holidays in this city with his family, at 222 East 86th street. R. H. Bundy has removed his barbershop to 107 West 53rd street, near Sixth avenue.--Adv. tf Mrs. Ida M. Brent of Providence, R. I.. is the guest of Mrs. J. T. Hartshorn of 18 East 115th street. The regular monthly reception of the Monday Night Dancing Class occurs next Monday evening, Jan 8, 1909. Miss C Queen Douglass is very ill at the apartments of her mother, Mrs. Mary J. Douglass, 414 West 52nd street. "Freddie, my box has been engaged for Hamilton masquerade reception, Jan. 18, at Tammany Hall. Don't be jealous." - Adv. Miss. Mary S. Pomplin is in Roanoke, Va., visiting her sister, Mrs. Belle Garnet, who has been quite sick but is much better now. Mrs. S. A. Bentley has just returned to the city after spending holiday week in Windsor, Conn., with her aunt, Mrs. Chas. Van Allen. H. Alexander of New Haven was in New York during the holidays, visiting his niece, Mrs. W. H. Manson, 150 East 84th street. Mrs. Ellen P. Anderson, who has been ill with pneumonia for two weeks, at her home, 251 Seventh avenue, is gradually improving. Miss Katie V. Butler of Annapolis, Md., who has been visiting the city during the holidays, the guest of Mrs. A. W. Handy, left for Baltimore Tuesday. Hair straightening, perfect work, $1 75 Hair dressing and treating. Hair and face preparations, millinery parlors. Mme. Eve, 117 West 60th street.--Adv. 8t Theodore Drury grand opera company is rehearsing "Carmen," to be produced ner, Lester Helmes, Mrs. E. P. Helmes, Mme. Jeannette Sylvester, Chicago; James Vrooman and wife, Newark, N. J. Cleansing and dyeing, highest grade work at lowest prices. Hovey, successor to Lord, established in 1860. 111 and 113 Eighth avenue, near 15th street; 689 Sixth avenue, near 39th street; 380 Amsterdam avenue, corner 78th street; 23 East 15th street, opposite Tiffany's.-_Adv. 1 yr The Young People's Association of the Sharon Baptist Church met last Wednesday evening and had a praise meeting. The intended program was postponed until the first Wednesday in January. Those who spoke were: Rev. G. W. Bailey, J. A. Jones, A. T. Robinson, D. James, J. E. Freeman. Arrivals at the Clarendon House: L. M. Dawson, Buffalo; Charles Beckett, Rumson road. Long Branch; Rev. W. [?]. Newton, Camden, N. J ; W. C. Buckner, W. A. Ware, Lester Helmes, Mme E Sylvester, Mme. A. E. Greene, N. G. Washington, Mrs. E. E. P. Helmes, Milford, N. H. The colored Republican workers of the Borough of Manhattan will be tendered a dinner by the Young Men's Colored Republican Association of the borough at Adelphi Hall on Saturday evening, Jan 27 1900 at 8 o'clock. Tickets will be $2 per plate. Cardani will be the caterer Tickets can be had of W. H. Butler, 226 West 47th street. --Adv. 4t The Hotel Calumet at 97th street and Third avenue, of which Charles P. Stinson and James Parker are proprietors had one of the biggest luncheons in the city on New Year's Day. Their patrons feasted on over three hundred pounds of turkey, chicken, pigs, opossum, salmon etc. An elaborate spread was given at the Professional Club, 118 West 27th street on Jan. 2, ladies' calling night. Music and song was the order of the evening and many of the best talent in vaudeville appeared. The rooms were crowded until the small hours of the morning "Squeezer" Barnes was master of ceremonies. The whist tournament is still in progress at the Society of the Sons of New York Teams are now playing the last series The leaders still keep their relative positions, but are being very closely pressed by the following teams: Heyliger and Payne, 16 games; Brown and Boys. 17; l Johnson and H. Howard, 17; Hoffma and Addision, 18; Bentley and Cowan, 16 The reunion of the Sharon Baptist Church held Dec. 14 at Westside Lyceum was quite a success. Many fine speeches were made by ministers of different churches. Mrs. Mary F. Smith represented the Young Peoples' Association in a most efficient manner. The grand march was led by W. B. Bowser and Miss Ethel Jones. Rev. R. D. Wynn was master of ceremonies. On Sunday evening J. Royal Rutledge entertained at this home a number of his intimate friends. The chimes of "Old Trinity" were heard and enjoyed by those present. Supper was served with covers set for forty. Among those present were Misses Gertrude Miller, Mamie Moore, Ethel Williams, Alice Braxton, W. Sorrento Kennard, J. H. Lewis of Boston and many others. A complimentary reception was given on Jan 1 by the Monday Night Dancing Class at 114 West 53rd street. There were about ninety persons present, the majority of whom joined in the dances. Near the close of the evening a beautifully carved New Year's card made of aluminum was presented to all and later liquid refreshments were served. The Imperial Dancing Class gave a special reception on Saturday evening last and brought out the usual large gathering of young folks who attend this class. As this was the last dance of the class in the year, the instructor received the best wishes of the entire assemblage for the success of the school. Refreshments were served before the close. Tuesday evening, Jan 2, Mrs. Douglas Collins of 140 West 53rd street gave a party in honor of her pet dog, Martin Butler Collins. Some of the pets who were present and took part in the festivities were: Toddy Hucless, Nellie, baby and Trixy Lee, Josie Carroll, Petir Jo es, Baby Chatmond, Sport Lee, the mascot of the Democratic Club, and others. The cotillion was led by Martin Collins and Trixy Lee. The New Year's dance and reception given at the Clarendon House Monday evening was a delightful affair and a social as well as financial success. The features of the occasion were the New Year's tableau and dance. Miss Delina Brown was reader and Miss Florence Oliver impersonated Cupid. The dance kneeling "Nearer, My God, to Thee," after which the pastor made a stirring appeal for all those that wanted to eb prayed for to come forward. Fifty responded. The revival service will continue every evening during the month of January. BOROUGH OF THE BRONX. Mr. and Mrs. Fred. Richardson of Bergen avenue left for Pittsfield, the home of Mrs. Richardson, to spend the Christmas holidays. At St. David's Chapel last Sunday the Rev. E. G. Clifton officiated and preached. The subject of his morning discourse was "The closing year"; at evensong, "Let every one that has breath, praise the Lord." John Mayhood of 823 Cortland avenue met with a serious accident by the falling of bricks from a chimney where he was at work. He was taken to the Fordham hospital where his wounds were dressed, after which he returned home. WM. Maurer of 187th street and Taylor avenue, Tremont, who accidentally shot himself in the leg while loading a revolver, died on Christmas day from blood poisoning. He was 24 years of age and leaves a mother. His father died last July. A very enjoyable time was experienced by the large number of participants and spectators at the cake walk and ball which was given by Tom Brown of Tremont on Christmas night, at Fordham. But is ended in a fight on a trolley car in which Edward Lambert of 410 East 152nd street, Dudley Smith of 696 Morris avenue and Geo. Parnid of 480 East 152nd street were shot. Smith and Lambert were taken to the Fordham hospital in a precarious condition. Charles Trazzy, who was charged with the shooting, was arrested. Dramatic Entertainment. Last Thursday Odd Fellows Temple was the scene of a brillian gathering, when the Lincoln Literary and Musical Association presented to their may friends the one act comedy, entitled "Freezing a Mother-in Law." An interesting program was given by Mesdames Copeland and Coward, Misses Jackson and Leonard, the Dies sisters, Messrs. Halliday and Morris Dr. Russell gave and instructive address on "Practical Views of Polygamy." Those taking part in the comedy were: Misses Lillian Humphrey, Bertha Knies, Howard Braxton, James L. Marshall, Augustine C Mundy. Each character was well presented. Dancing was enjoyed unt l 2 A. M. If the Baby is Cutting Teeth, MRS. WINSLOW'S SOOTHING SYRUP has been used for over FIFTY YEARS by MILLIONS of MOTHERS for their CHILDREN WHILE TEETHING, with PER- F[?]C[?] SUCCESS. It SOOTHES the CHILD, SOFTENS the GUMS, ALLAYS all PAIN; CURES WIND COLIC, and is the best remedy for DIARRHEA, Sold by Druggists in every part of the wo ld. Be sure and ask for "Mrs. Winslow's soothing Syrup and take no other kind. Twenty-five cents a bottle. aprl 1y Black Skin Remover. Wonderful Face Bleach, Will turn the skin of a dark- brown person, half white; mulatto perfectly white. Will remove Wrinkles, Freckles, dark Spots and Pimples from the face without harm to the Skin. Price $2, C O. D , or send Money Order. THOMAS B> CRANK, 122 1/2 West Broad Street, Richmond, Va. MISCELLANEOUS. TO LET.-- 144 West 26th Street- 5 Rooms, Range, Bath, Tubs, 23. 159 West 51st Street- 3 Rooms, $12; 2 Rooms, Tubs, $10. 866 West 126th Street- 3 Rooms, Tubs, $10; 2 Rooms, $8. 23 Lawrence Street- 3 Rooms, Range and Tubs, $12. 4,5 Rooms, Range, Tubs, $15, $16/ Enquire of Janitor, or W. M. MORAN, 159 West 51st Street. NOTARY PUBLIC, 4 Cedar street, Room 16, up two flights, All kinds of legal papers executed. 445 WEST 26TH STREET, 3 Rooms, $8 to $10. 447 West 27th Street, Rooms, $6.50 to $8. 453 West 38th Street, Rooms, $6.50 to $8. 302 West 40th Street, Rooms, $7.50 and up. oct12 3m FURNISHED ROOM TO LET.-Selevt neighborhood. Smith, 121 West 134th street. dec14 2t TO LET.-Fourth floor, five rooms and bath at 450 Sixth avenue, all newly renovated. dec28 tf JOHN B. NAIL. TO LET.-Second floor four rooms, bath. Improvements, private house. 12 Utica avenue, near Fulton, Brooklyn. 216 EAST 56TH STREET.- 3 rooms gas and tubs, ground floor, front or back. $10 to $11, RELIGIOUS NOTICES. First Methodist Episcopal Church, 75 Main Street, four blocks from 92d Street Ferry, Astoria, Long Island City. Services every Sunday at 10:30 A> M. and 7:45 P. M. Sunday School every Sunday at 1:30 P. M. Prayer meeting every Wednesday evening, 7:30 P. M. Come and help us for we are engaged in a grand work for the cause of Christ. Rev. LOUIS H COOK, Pastor in Charge. Residence, 123 East 97th Street, New York City. Bethel African M. E. Church, West 25th Street, Between 7th and 8th Avenues. Sunday Services:-11 A. M. and 7:45 P. M. Holy Communion every first Sunday, 3 P. M. Class Meeting 1:30 P. M. Sunday School 2 P. M. Prayer Meeting 6:30 P. M. Weekday Meetings:-Class Meeting on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday nights at 8 o'clock. Prayer Meeting on Friday night from 8 o'clock to 9:30. SEATS FREE. ALL WELCOME. REV. W. D COOK, D.D., Pastor. Residence, 278 Carlton Avenue, Brooklyn. The Pastor can be seen at the Church every day from 11 A. M. to 2:30 P. M. FLATS AND APARTMENTS. ELEGANT FLATS TO LET. Handsome Apartments with all improvements at Moderate Rentals, in THE DOLLY-MOUNT, 211 West 60th Street THE SARATOGA, 209 West 60th Street; THE VENICE, 210 West 61st Street; THE DORIN COURT, 217 West 60th Street. Above Houses have First-Class Janitor service and are always in good condition. Apply to ROBERT CARTER, 209 West 60th Street. HENRY DICKERSON, 217 West 60th St. MR. HOLYARD, 210 West 61st Street. nov12 1y 203 East 97th Street. TO LET. Nice Apartments of 3 large Rooms in Good Condition. Rents $7.50 to $10 per month. Apply Janitor, Or J. EDGAR LEAYCRAFT, 1517 Broadway. "ANNA FLATS," 492, 494, 496 and 498 7th Avenue, Corner 37th Street. BUILT for Colored Families with all conveniences. Private Water Closets, Electric Bells, Letter Boxes, Gas. Inside Blinds and Shades, Outside Awnings All newly decorated. No Paper or Kalsomine used. All Rooms enter from Halls. ALSO The 'ZION FLAT," 397 Seventh Ave, Next to Cor. 32d St. BUILT for Colored Families with all conveniences. Newly decorated and now ready- for occupation. All Rooms enter from Halls. THESE HOUSES are arranged, so Tenants can rent Furnished Rooms Apply to JANITORS on Premises. ALSO 200 & 202 West 27th Street. Corner Seventh Avenue. nov30 3m $8.50 to $11.00 Per Month, Apartments of 3 Rooms, Stationary Tubs. All Light. Near West End Avenue. Apply to Janitors. 214 West 64th Street. 218 West 64th Street. 222 West 64th Street. 232 West 64th Street. Or J. EDGAR LEAYCRAFT, 1517 Broadway, Near 45th Street. 239 West 124th Street. TO LET. 4 Room Apartments, $13, $12 per month. Central location. Good order, Small families. Apply Janitor, or WILCOX & SHELTON, 245 West 125th Street. nov9 3m The "Princess" Flats. 3 Rooms, $9. 4 Rooms, $10 to $13. 5 Rooms, $14. FIRST CLASS TENANTS ONLY. Improvements. Excellent Condition. M. THOMPSON, Superintendent. 1758 Third Avenue, Corner 97th Street. nov30 3m 239 and 241 West 60th Street. TO LET. 1844. 1900. 18th Annual Masquerade Reception OF HAMILTON LODGE, G.U.O.O.F. At TAMMANY HALL, Fourteenth St., Between Irving Place and Third Ave., Thursday Evening, Jan. 18, 1900. Music by Prof. D. W. WESTON'S Orchestra. TICKETS, - - INCLUDING HAT CHECK, - - 75 CENTS. Boxes Holding Six Persons, $3, Can be obtained of W.P. Gover, 40 West 67th street; J. H. Hooper, 145 West 49th Street. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. P N F, J.S. Williams, chairman; P N F. J C. F. Whiting, vice chairman; P N F, W. P. Gover, financial secretary; P N F, J H Hooper, recording secretary; P N F, S. J. Alexander, treasurer; P N F, W. Randolph, assistant-treasurer; P N F, Joseph E. White, sergeant-at arms; P N F, James E. Taylor, P N F, Charles Howard, P N F. George Gaskins. THE BEGINNING OF THE NEW CENTURY ! ! A COMMITTEE OF 100 Ladies and Gentlemen, Members and Friends of Golden Gate Tabernacle No. 2, GALILEAN FISHERMEN WILL GIVE A GRAND CENTURY ENTERTAINMENT, At ODD FELLOWS TEMPLE, 160 West 29th Street, On Thursday Evening, January 11, 1900. The Programme will Consist of Vocal, Instrumental and Literary Selections. The Music will be under the Personal Direction of Prof. D, W WESTON. Grand March at 12 P M. Mr. Charles Lomacks, Floor Director. ADMISSION, - - - - - 25 CENTS. PRIVATE BOXES, holding Six Persons, $1 50 EXTRA. Tickets and Boxes can be had of the Committee Supper will be in charge of a competent Committee of Ladies. ARRANGEMENT COMMITTEE. Mrs. Louise Bird, president; Mr. James Hayward, vice-president" Mrs. C.J. Carroll, secretary; Mrs M C. Jackson, Treasurer; Mrs. Florence Davis, assistant-secretary; Miss Mary Felmen, assistant-treasurer; Miss Marceline Mondy, ac ommpanist. Master of Ceremony - Mr. CHARLES E. HOLMES. A GRAND FAIR WILL BE GIVEN By A COMMITTEE OF LADIES OF THE BAPTIST TEMPLE, 57 West 46th Street, Rev D. W. WISHER, D.D., Pastor. FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE CHURCH. Opening Night Monday, January 8, 1900, and Continuing for TWO WEEKS. The Choir under the Directorship of Prof. S J.JACKSON, assisted by Other Talent, will open the Fair with a GRAND CONCERT. GENERAL ADMISSION, - 10 CENTS OPENING NIGHT, 25 CENTS. OFFICERS - Mrs. Alice F. Thompson, president; Mrs. Bettie Taylor, vice-president; Mrs Annie G Johnson, treasurer; Mrs Ella Jones, assistant-treasurer; Mr. H. L. Jones, secretary; Miss Fannie R. Lewis assistant-secretary. 1895 Amicitia, Amor Et Veritas. 1900 Fifth Annual Reception and Ball, OF Theobald Lodge 3890 G. U. O. OF O. F., At WENDEL'S ASSEMBLY ROOMS, 44th Street Bet 8th and 9th Aves., Thursday Evening, January 25, 1900. Music by Prof. D> W. WESTON TICKETS, Including Hat Check, 50 CENTS. THREE NEW BOOKS Poems of Cabin and Field, Illustrated, by Paul Laurence Dunbar. PRICE, $1 The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories, Illustrated, by Charles W. Chesnutt. PRICE, $1 50. The Future of the Negro Race, By Booker T. Washington. PRICE, $1 50. SENT POSTPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE. FORTUNE & PETERSON, 4 Cedar St , New York. Newly Built Houses. 309 AND 311 WEST 37TH STREET. TO LET. Handsome Apartment of 4 Large Light Rooms and Bath Room. Open Plumbing. Steam Heat and Hot Water Supply. First Class Janitor Service. Moderate Rents. Apply Janitor or JOHN D. KARST, Jr., 2051 Eighth Avenue. line). Display, 70 cents an [????]. Reading Notices, double rates. All Advertisements and Subscriptions are payable in advance. Advertisements and subscriptions can also be left at the following places: NEW YORK CITY. ROBERT GRANT, 413 Sixth avenue, near 25th street. CHARLES EDGAR, 59 West 39th street. H. MEYER, 109 West 10th street. L. J. FINCH, 1242 Broadway. W. H. ALLEN, 142 Columbus avenue. KEIM'S ADVERTISING AGENCY, 1513 Third avenue. F. J BROWN, 4076 Park avenue, Tremont. RICHARD H. SMITH, 26 Seventh street, Will- iamsbridge. BROOKLYN-LOTT HENDERSON, 149 Prince street. DAVID A. GREENE, General Agent for New York, Brooklyn and Jersey City. News matter for publication should reach the office by Monday or Tuesday. Advertisements will be received until noon on Wednesday for issue of current week. Address all mail to FORTUNE & PETERSON, Publishers, 4 Cedar Street, New York City THURSDAY, JANUARY 4 1900. New York City News. BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN. Joseph Holland of 225 West 18th street is suffering from a severe attack of rheumatism. R. W. Carter spent the holidays in this city with his family, at 222 East 86th street. R. H. Bundy has removed his barbershop to 107 West 53rd street, near Sixth avenue.-Adv. tf Mrs. Ida M. Brent of Providence, R I.. is the gurst of Mrs. J. T. Hartshorn of 18 East 115th street. The regular monthly reception of the Monday Night Dancing Class occurs next Monday evening, Jan 8, 1909. Miss C Queen Douglass is very ill at the apartments of her mother, Mrs. Mary J. Douglass, 414 West 52nd street. "Freddie, my box has been engaged for Hamilton masquerade reception, Jan. 18, at Tammany Hall. Don't be jealous." - Adv. Miss Mary S. Pomplin is in Roanoke, Va., visiting her sister, Mrs. Belle Garnet, who has been quite sick but is much better now. Mrs. S. A. Bentley has just returned to the city after spending holiday week in Windsor, Conn., with her aunt, Mrs. Chas. Van Allen. H. Alexander of New Haven was in New York during the holidays, visiting his niece, Mrs. W. H. Manson, 150 East 84th street. Mrs. Ellen P. Anderson, who has been ill with pneumonia for two weeks, at her home, 251 Seventh avenue, is gradually improving. Miss Katie V. Butler of Annapolis, Md., who has been visiting the city during the holidays, the guest of Mrs. A. W. Handy, left for Baltimore Tuesday. Hair straightening, perfect work, $1 75 Hair dressing and treating. Hair and face preparations, millinery parlors. Mme. Eve, 117 West 60th street.-Adv. 8t Theodore Drury grand opera company is rehearsing "Carmen," to be produced in latter part of the season. All interested address 217 East 59th street.-Adv. The Twentieth Century will bring out some of the most magnificent costumes ever seen at Hamilton masquerade reception, at Tammany Hall, January 18.- Adv. A social reception was held at the residence of Mrs. Henrietta Jones, 119 East 84th street, last Monday night, complimentary to Miss L. Jones and Miss Dorah Freeman of Boston. There were musictand dancing. On Monday evening, Jan 1, J. S. Bates and Miss Eva F. Astwood were married at the parsonage of St. Mark's Church, Rev. William H. Brooks, pastor, officiating. Miss Emma Fentress and Walter E. Handy acted as bridesmaid and best man. A movement is on foot to organize a beneficial society among the barbers of this city, a meeting for which is called for Sunday, Jan. 14 1900, at L. L. Williams', 107 West 32nd street, at 5 o'clock. Barbers are requested to attend.-Adv. 2t At the Central Dancing Class annual reception, held last Friday evening, no less than 125 persons were present and enjoyed themselves. The new dances were indulged in and oysters, ice cream, cake and other refreshments were served . Fully two hundred attended the souvenir reception of the Minuette Dancing Class on last Thursday evening. Prof. J. Milton Anderson did all in his power to make the affair agreeable, and succeeded admirably. Just after the refreshments were served, a fine calendar, designed and decorated for this class, was given to all. Arrivals at Carter house are : Washington H. Davis and wife, New York; James Thedford and wife, Jersey City; Mrs. S. M. Jones, Newport, R. I : Mrs. Rebecca Roy, Watch Hill, R. I ; Prof. W. C. uck- had one of the biggest luncheons in the city on New Year's Day. Their patrons feasted on over three hundred pounds of turkey, chicken, pigs, opossum, salmon etc. An elaborate spread was given at the Professional Club, 118 West 27th street on Jan. 2, ladies' calling night. Music and song was the order of the evening and many of the best talent in vaudeville appeared. The rooms were crowded until the small hours of the morning "Squeezer" Barnes was master of ceremonies. The whist tournament is still in progress at the Society of the Sons of New York Teams are now playing the last series The leaders still keep their relative positions, but are being very closely pressed by the following teams: Heyliger and Payne, 16 games; Brown and Boyd. 17; l. Johnson and H. Howard, 17; Hoffman and Addison, 18; Bentley and Cowan, 16 The reunion of the Sharon Baptist Church held Dec 14 at Westside Lyceum was quite a success. Many fine speeches were made by ministers of different churches. Mrs. Mary F. Smith represented the Young Peoples' Association in a most efficient manner. The grand march was led by W. B. Bowser and Miss Ethel Jones. Rev. R. D. Wynn was master of ceremonies. On Sunday evening J. Royal Rutledge entertained at his home a number of his intimate friends. The chimes of "Old Trinity" were heard and enjoyed by those present. Supper was served with covers set for forty. Among those present were Misses Gertrude Miller, Mamie Moore, Ethel Williams, Alice Braxton, W. Sorrento Kennard, J. H. Lewis of Boston and many others. A complimentary reception was given on Jan. 1 by the Monday Night Dancing Class at 114 West 53rd street. There were about ninety persons present, the majority of whom joined in the dances. Near the close of the evening a beautifully carved New Year's card made of aluminum was presented to all and later liquid refreshments were served. The Imperial Dancing Class gave a special reception on Saturday evening last and brought out the usual large gatheriing of young folks who attend this class. As this was the last dance of the class in the year, the instructor received the best wishes of the entire assemblage for the success of the school. Refreshments were served before the close. Tuesday evening, Jan 2, Mrs. Douglas Collins of 140 West 53rd street gave a party in honor of her pet dog, Martin Butler Collins. Some of the pets who were present and took part in the festivities were: Toddy Hucless, Nellie, Baby and Trixy Lee, Josie Carroll, Petie Jones, Baby Chatmond, Sport Lee, the mascot of the Democratic Club, and others. The cotillion was led by Martin Collins and Trixy Lee. The New Year's dance and reception given at the Clarendon House Monday evening was a delightful affair and a social as well as financial success. The features of the occasion were the New Year's tableau and dance. Miss Delina Brown was reader and Miss Florence Oliver impersonated Cupid. The dance was a quadrille in form and was performed by eight young ladies under the instruction of Prof. C. E. Alexander. Dancing and games followed the exercises. Music was furnished by Prof. J. Thomas Bailey. A sumptuous supper was announced at a late hour, and when the hands pointed to 4 A. M., the festivities ended. Services at Bethel Church. The congregations attending Bethel Church last Sunday were large and the services interesting. At the morning service Rev. E. M. Harper preached and excellent sermon from the words, "I am the way, the truth, and the life." Watch meeting service was held in the evening, beginning at 9 o'clock. The pastor, Dr. Cook, delivered a sermon, which brought forth many lively responses from the large audience. After the sermon the pastor turned the meeting into an experience meeting, giving any who desired a chance to express themselves in relation tot he goodness and mercy of God. The entire collection amounted $165. Many asked to be prayed with. A large number joined the church. The Endeavor Socirty and the Sunday School had excellent services. On Sunday next Rev. M. R. Franklin of Mother Zion will preach at 3 P M , to be followed by the Lord's supper. Revival Begins With New Year At St. Mark's M. E. Church last Sunday morning the pastor, Rev. W. H. Brooks, filled the pulpit and delivered an ble and instructive sermon. The watch night services were unusually impressive and beautiful. Owing to the immense crowd, hundreds had to be turned away. At 11:30 the congregation sang Edward Lambert 410 East 152nd Street, Dudley Smith of 696 Morris avenue and Geo. Parnid of 480 East 152nd street were shot. Smith and Lambert were taken to the Fordham hospital in a precarious condition. Charles Trassy, who was charged with the shooting, was arrested. Dramatic Entertainment Last Thursday Odd Fellows Temple was the scene of a brilliant gathering, when the Lincoln Literary and Musical Association presented to their many friends the one act comedy, entitled "Freezing a Mother-in Law." An interesting program was given by Mesdames Copeland and Coward, Misses Jackson and Leonard, the Dies sisters, Messrs. Halliday and Morris Dr. Russell gave an instructive address on "Practical Views of Polygamy." Those taking part in the comedy were: Misses Lillian Humphrey, Bertha Knies, Howard Braxton, James L. Marshall, Augustus C. Mundy. Each character was well presented. Dancing was enjoyed unt 1 2 A M. If the Baby is Cutting Teeth, MRS. WINSLOW'S SOOTHING SYRUP has been used for over FIFTY YEARS by MILLIONS of MOTHERS for their CHILDREN WHILE TEETHING, with PERFECT SUCCESS. It SOOTHES the CHILD, SOFTENS the GUMS, ALLAYS all PAIN; CURES WIND COLIC, and is the best remedy for DIARRHEA. Sold by Druggists in every part of the wo ld. Be sure and ask for "Mrs. Winslow's soothing Syrup and take no other kind. Twenty-five cents a bottle. aprl 1y Black Skin Remover. Wonderful Face Bleach, Will turn the skin of a dark- brown person, half white; mulatto perfectly white. Will remove Wrinkles, Freckles, dark Spots and Pimples from the face without harm to the Skin. Price $2, C O. D. or send Money Order. THOMAS B. CRANK, 122 1/2 West Broad Street, Richmond, Va. MISCELLANEOUS. TO LET.- 144 West 26th Street- 5 Rooms, Range, Bath, Tubs, 23. 159 West 51st Street- 3 Rooms, $12; 2 Rooms, Tubs, $10. 366 West 126th Street- 3 Rooms, Tubs, $10; 2 Rooms, $8/ 23 Lawrence Street- 3 Rooms, Range and Tubs, $12. 4,5 Rooms, Range, Rubs, $15, $16. Enquire of Janitor, or W. M. MORAN, 159 West 51st Street. NOTARY PUBLIC, 4 Cedar street, Room 16, up two flights. All kinds of legal papers executed. 445 WEST 26TH STREET. 3 Rooms, $8 to $10. 447 West 27th Street, Rooms, $6.50 to $8. 453 West 39th Street, Rooms, $6.50 to $8. 802 West 40th Street, Rooms, $7.50 and up. oct12 3m FURNISHED ROOM TO LET.-Select neighborhood. Smith, 121 West 134th street. dec14 2t TO LET.- Fourth floor, five rooms and bath at 450 Sixth avenue, all newly renovated. dec28 tf JOHN B. NAIL. TO LET.-Second floor flour rooms, bath. Improvements, private house. 12 Utica avenue, near Fulton, Brooklyn. 216 EAST 56TH STREET.-3 rooms gas and tubs, ground floor,f ront or back. $10 to $11. WANTED.-Situation as working housekeeper by a competent woman. Address "Housekeeper," 58 Thames street, Newport, R.I. TO LET - A nicely furnished large front hall bed room for man and wife or two gentlemen. Mrs. Moore, three flights, 448 sixth avenue. LINCOLN FLATS, 261 and 263 West 47th Street, Between Broadway and 8th Avenue. FOR RESPECTABLE FAMILIES ONLY. RENT FROM $8 upward. Electric Bells, Letter Boxes and Door Openers. Apply to JANITOR on Premises, or WILLIAM R. MASON, Agent, 443 Eighth Avenue, Bet, 32nd and 33rd [?]: mar4 1y PROF. D. W. WESTON'S Celebrated Orchestra. OFFICE AND MUSICAL STUDIO. 529 Six h Avenue, Near 32d Street, NEW YORK CITY. Telephone Call, 1298 Madison Square. A Large Floor of 5 Rooms and Bath, newly decorated. Rent $45. 35th Street, Near 9th Ave. Applu POCHER, 595 Lexington Avenue. jan4 2t JUST OPENED. 118 West 134th Street Near Seventh Avenue, Block from Station. A No. 1 Location. High Class wide double flats, 6 Rooms and bath, Steam Heat, Hot Water Supply. Open Plumbing, Gas Ranges, Private Halls. Rents $22 to $27 per month. MR. HOLYARD, 210 West 61st Street. nov12 1y 203 East 97th Street. TO LET. Nice Apartments of 3 Large Rooms in Good Condition. Rents $7.50 to $10 per month. Apply Janitor, Or J. EDGAR LEAYCRAFT, 1517 Broadway. "ANNA FLATS," 492, 494, 496 and 498 7th Avenue, Corner 37th Street. BUILT for Colored Families with all conveniences. Private Water Closets, Electric Bells, Letter Boxes, Gas. Inside Blinds and Shades, Outside Awnings All newly decorated. No Paper or Kalsomine used. All Rooms enter from Halls. ALSO The "ZION FLAT," 397 Seventh Ave,. Next to Cor. 32d St. BUILT for Colored Families with all conveniences. Newly decorated and now ready- for occupation. All Rooms enter from Halls. THESE HOUSES are arranged, so Tenants can rent Furnished Rooms Apply yo JANITORS on Premises. ALSO 200 & 202 West 27th Street. Corner Seventh Avenue. nov30 3m $8.50 to $11.00 Per Month, Apartments of 3 Rooms, Stationary Tubs. All light. Near West End Avenue. Apply to Janitors. 214 West 64th Street. 218 West 64th Street. 222 West 64th Street. 232 West 64th Street. Or J. EDGAR LEAYCRAFT, 1517 Broadway, Near 45th Street. 239 West 124th Street. TO LET. 4 Room Apartments, $13, $12 ' per month. Central location. Good order, Small families. Apply Janitor, or WILCOX & SHELTON, 245 West 125th Street. nov9 3m The "Princess" Flats. 3 Rooms, $9. 4 Rooms, $10 to $13. 5 Rooms, $14. FIRST CLASS TENANTS ONLY. Improvements. Excellent Condition. M. THOMPSON, Superintendent. 1758 Third Avenue, Corner 97th Street. nov30 3m 239 and 241 West 60th Street. TO LET. Fine Apartments of 2 and 3 Rooms, improvements. Rents $5.50 to $6.50 per month. apr20 tf CHEAPEST RENTS. 544 to 550 West 39th Street. Nice Apartments of 3 and 4 Rooms with Tubs. Toilets in Halls. Rents $5, $8 and $10 per month. Also Apartments at 537 West 39th Street. Apply JANITORS on Premises. oct12 1y 225 and 227 West 60th Street. TO LET.--Newly Renovated Apartments of 3 Large Rooms, Hansomely Papered and Painted. Houses in First Class Condition. Rents $7 and $7.50 per month. Respectable Tenants only. Apply Mrs. Myers, 227 West 60th St. dec7 3m New Houses. 302 and 304 West 148th Street 5 Rooms and bath, $14 to $16 COMELLAS, 1033 Lexington Ave. dec7 4t UPPER PART OF HOUSE of 15 Rooms and 3 Baths. Rent $75 a month. 35th Street, Near 9th Ave. Apply POCHER, 595 Lexington Avenue. jan4 2t The Music will be under the Personal Direction of Prof. D. W WESTON. Grand march at 12 P M. Mr. Charles Lomacks, Floor Director. ADMISSION, - - - - - 25 CENTS. PRIVATE BOXES, holding Six Persons, $1 50 EXTRA. Tickets and Boxes can be had of the Committee Supper will be in charge of a competent Committee of Ladies. ARRANGEMENT COMMITTEE. Mrs. Louise Bird, president; Mr. James Hayward, vice-president; Mrs. C. J. Carroll, secretary; Mrs M C. Jackson, Treasurer; Mrs. Florence Davis, assistant-secretary; Miss Mary Felmen, assistant-treasurer; Miss Marceline Mondy, ac ompanist. Master of Ceremony-Mr. CHARLES E. HOLMES. A GRAND FAIR WILL BE GIVEN By A COMMITTEE OF LADIES OF THE BAPTIST TEMPLE, 57 West 46th Street, Rev D. W. WISHER, D.D., Pastor. FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE CHURCH. Opening Night Monday, January 8, 1900, and Continuing for TWO WEEKS. The Choir under the Directorship of Prof. S J. JACKSON, assisted by Other Talent, will open the Fair with a GRAND CONCERT. GENERAL ADMISSION, - 10 CENTS OPENING NIGHT, 25 CENTS. OFFICERS--Mrs. Alice F. Thompson, president; Mrs. Bettie Taylor, vice-president; Mrs Annie G Johnson, treasure; Mrs Ella Jones, assistant-treasurer; Mr. H. L. Jones, secretary; Miss Fannie R. Lewis assistant-sevretary. 1895 Amicitia, Amor Et Veritas. 1900 Fifth Annual Reception and Ball, OF Theobald Lodge 3890 G. U. O. OF O.F., At WENDEL'S ASSEMBLY ROOMS, 44th Street Bet. 8th and 9th Aves., Thursday Evening, January 25, 1900. Music by Prof. D. W. WESTON. TICKETS, Including Hat Check, 50 CENTS. THREE NEW BOOKS Poems of Cabin and Field, Illustrated, by Paul Laurence Dunbar. PRICE, $1 [?] The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories, Illustrated, by Charles W. Chesnutt. PRICE, $1 50. The Future of the Negro Race, By Booker T. Washington. PRICE, $1 50. SENT POSTPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE. FORTUNE & PETERSON, 4 Cedar St , New York. Newly Built Houses. 309 AND 311 WEST 37TH STREET. TO LET. Handsome Apartments of 4 Large Light Rooms and bath Room. Open Plumbing. Steam Heat and Hot Water Supply. First Class Janitor Service. Moderate Rents. Apply Janitor or JOHN D. KARST, Jr., 2051 Eighth Avenue. The ELITE HUMAN HAIR STORE, 528 EIGHTH AVENUE, Bet. 36th and 37th Sts., on the East Side of the Avenue. Formerly at 515 EIGHTH AVENUE. A Large Assortment of Afro-American Hair Goods, SWITCHES, BANGS, BANGS ON PINS NECK CURLS, WIGS in all Shades of Black, Brown and Gray. 3 Puffs in a Net Prettily Arranged in the Proper Style, 50 Cents, Mme. S. Flanders' Ox Marrow Excels Everything as a Hair Straightener and Scalp Improver. Use no other. 25c. A BOTTLE OR 3 BOTTLES SENT BY MAIL, 75c. MME. S. FLANDERS, Manager, Whom You all Know. 528 Eighth Avenue, New York. On the East Side of the Avenue. HALF MONTH'S RENT FREE. THE "ROBERT" FLATS. 536 and 538 West 39th St. Everything New. Halls Newly painted and oil-clothed throughout. House fronts painted light color. EVERYTHING IN FIRST CLASS CONDITION. 4 Light Rooms, $10. 3 Light Eooms, $8. Wash Tubs. Toilet in Halls. Rooms Newly Painted, Papered and Kalsomined. Mrs. ANNA SCOTT, Housekeeper. dec28 3m 16 and 18 West 135th Street. Handsome Flats of 5 Rooms and Bath Room. All in First Class Condition. Rents $17 to $21 per month. Special inducements to Desirable Tenants. Halls Heated. Apply Janitors on Premises. dec14 3m HALF MONT'S RENT FREE. 222 & 224 West 62nd Street. Under New Management. Nice Apartments of 3 and 4 Rooms, newly Papered and painted. Rents, $8 to $12 per month. Applu Janitors, or Mrs. MONKS, 220 West 60th Street. dec21 3m THE AGE IN JERSEY CITY. Copies of THE AGE are for sale weekly at L. C. Bulloch's barber shop, 311 Railroad avenue; also by Elmer H. Brown, 87 Ege avenue. THE NEW YORK AGE: THURSDAY, JANUARY 5, 1900. BRIGHT BOYS AND GIRLS WANTED. TO SELL THE NEW YORK AGE VERY WEEK Big Pay For Little Work. THE NEW YORK AGE has had so many applications from boys and girls throughout the country to sell THE AGE by the week, as well as by subscription for the year, we have decided to establish wide awake young agents in every town in the country, wherever the demand warrants it. We Want an Active Worker in Every Place. Hundreds of smart boys and girls in every locality have several hours' spare time each week, which they could use to good advantage and easily earn their pocket money. Read Our Plan. We want just such ones to work for us a little while every week selling AGES at 5 cents each--selling the old, reliable, original and best race paper published-- all home print--no patent or plate matter. No Possible Risk. Our young Agents takes no possible risk. We send a bundle of AGES every week, and they sell them like hot cakes at 5 cents each. Every one wants THE NEW YORK AGE as soon as given an opportunity to examine and read a copy of it The Age Free. If the local pastor or any responsible party will send us the name of a smart boy or girl to sell THE AGE every week in his town, we will put an extra AGE in the agent's bundle each work, to be delivered free to the party appointing the agent so long as the agent sells THE AGE. Send us the name of a smart girl or boy at once. Have them fill out this coupon and send it at once: .............................................189 I hereby agree to act from date as agent for THE NEW YORK AGE, and to sell the same to as many customers as can be secured, at 5 cents a copy every week, and that I will report not later than the Monday after each package I received, and remit 3 cents for each copy I sell or deliver, to subscribers, and will keep all unsold copies, to be returned at end of every month. Name................................. Address............................. Town................................... State.................................... How many papers first week................................ Appointed by.................................................................... Address NEW YORK AGE, 4 Cedar Street, New York City. TO PUBLISHERS Publishers desiring to use single column portraits appearing in THE AGE can secure same by forwarding seventy-five cents to cover cost of reproduction and postage. Address Fortune & Peterson, 4 Cedar Street, New York.--Adv tf The Age in Philadelphia. Copies of THE AGE can be had weekly at the following places, where subscriptions and advertisements can also be eft: W. L. Underwood, 514 South Eleventh street; A. Kinkaid, 1218 Pine street; Warwick's stationery store, 254 South Eleventh street. The Age in Baltimore. Copies of THE AGE will be found every week at the newsstand of P. D Blackwell, 203 Richmond street, where advertisments and subscriptions can also be left. tf RUFUS HURBERT, Manufacturer, Wholesale and Retail De[a]ler in imported, Key West and Domestic Segars, Tobaccos and Smokers' Articles Largest Afro American Dealer in the United States. 231 SEVENTH AVENUE. SURROGATE'S NOTICE HEARD ELIZABETH.-In pursuance of an order of Hon. Frank T. Fitzgerald, a Surrogate of the County of New York, notice is hereby given to all persons having claims against Elizabeth Heard, otherwise known as Elizabeth Karles, late of the County of New York deceased to present the same with vouchers thereof to the subscribers, at their place of transacting business, at the office of D. Macon Webster, on or before the 15th day of March next. Dated New York, the 6th day of September, 1899. HENRY CUNNINGHAM, DAVID C. PINCKNEY. Executors. D. MACON WEBSTER, Attorney for Executors, No. 33 Pine Street, Borough of Manhattan, City of New York Telephone 250 Columbus. MADER A. PRIDDLE, Practical Custom Shoemaker, FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN 1758 BROADWAY. Near 56th Street, NEW YORK. First Class Work at Modern Prices. Fitting Troublesome Feet a Specialty. Order by BOOKS MAKE THE BEST PRESENTS. STANDARD WORKS OF SPECIAL INTEREST TO THE READERS OF THE AGE. ENGRAVINGS. PORTRAITS. Race Literature. Old & New. Carpenter's Great Picture We are Prepared to Furnish a Limited Number of the Following Works at Publisher's Prices, and Forward Same by Mail Postpaid on Receipt of Amount. Williams' History of the Negro Race in America, 2 volumes in one, $4 00 Wilson's Black Phalanx, a Complete History of the Negro Soldiers, (64 Ilus.), $3 00 Still's Underground Railroad, new ed. $3 00 Douglass' Life and Times, new rev'd ed. $2 50 Langston's From the Virginia Plantation to the National Capital, $2 50 Mossell's Toussaint L'Ouverture, the Hero of Saint Domingo, or Hayti's Struggle, full cloth, $2 25 Penn's Afro-American Press and Its Editors, 150 Portraits $2 00 Dr. Crummell's Africa and America, $1 75 Grimke's Wm. Lloyd Garrison, $1 50 " Charles Sumner, $1 50 Col. Hinton's John Brown and His Men, $1 50 Booker T. Washington's "Future of the Negro Race," $1 50 Paynter's Joining the Navy or Abroad with Uncle Sam, $1 50 Dr. Smith's Glimpses of Africa, $1 25 Dr. Perry's Cushite $1 25 Paul Laurence Dunbar's "Poems of Cabin and [F]ield, Illustrated, $1 50 Paul Lau ence Dunbar's Lyrics of Lowly Life, $1 25 Paul Laurence Dunbar's Lyrics of the Hearthside, $1 25 Alice Dunbar's "The Goodness of St Rocque and O[t]her Stories," $1 00 Charles W. Chesnutt's "The Wife of His You[t]h and Other Stories, Illus., $1 50 Charles W. Chesnutt'[s] "The Conju[r]e Woman" and other stories, $1 25 Charles W. Chesnutt's "Frederick Dougla[s]s," 75 Cents Stewart's Liberia or the Americo African Republic, Cloth, 75 Cents Paper, 50 Cents Victoria EArle's Aunt Lindy, Illus., 50 Cents Bishop Haygood's Our Brother in Black, 50 Cents Engraving of Carpenter's Great Picture of the Proclamation of Emancipation, 22x28 inches, suitable for framing $1 00 Life Size Bust Portraits, Crayon Lithographs, printed in black and white, as fine as steel, size 22x28 inches, Frederick Douglass. 50 Cents John Brown, 50 " Harriet Beecher Stowe, 50 " ADDRESS FORTUNE & PETERSON, 4 Cedar Street, New York. TOUSSAINT L'OUVERTURE, THE HERE OF SAINT DOMINGO, "SOLDIER STATESMAN MARTYR:" HOTELS--RESTAURANTS, ETC. Mrs. Emma White, 120 West 31st Street NEAR SIXTH AVENUE Pleasant Furnished Rooms Permanent or Transient Guests can be accommodated. Bath and will conveniences. oc[t]19 3m RING TWICE. BRADLEY HOUSE. 143 West 53rd Street. Handsomely Furnished Rooms for Permanent or Transient Guests Bath and all Conveniences Restauran[t] A[t]tached. Special Carriage Drives, Free to Guests two Days of Each Week. mar17 ly JAMES BRADLEY, Proprietor. EMPIRE HOUSE. IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE CITY. 229 West 32nd Street, Bet. 7th and 8th Aves., NEW YORK. First Class in every respect. Board by the Day or Week Prices reasonable JOHN B BROWN, Proprietor and Manager. cct12 3m Hot and Cold Wa[t]er Baths. The Long Established and Favorably Known GILBERT HOUSE 254 WEST 26TH ST., Near 8th Ave , NEW YORK EUROPEAN PLAN FIRST CLASS ACCOMMODATIONS Prompt and courteous attention. Modern conveniences and moderate prices. Location convenient.The patronage of eitherPermanent or Transient guests, respectfully solicited. nov2 3m E. JOHNSTON, Proprietor. THE MACEO. 213 West 53rd Street. A Thoroughly First Class Hotel and Restaurant. Regula[r] Dinner from 6 to 8 P. M , except Sunday, 35c including Wine. Oysters, Chops and Salads a Specialty Handsomely Furnished Rooms for Permanent or Transient Guests. Tel 8[?]3 Columbus S W. YOUNG & B F. THOMAS, Prop ietors. dec14 3m THE IVANHOE HOUSE, FURNISHED ROOMS FOR GENTLEMEN 158 West 53rd Street, NEW YORK. HOT AND COLD WATER BATHS The only First-Class House in the city for Gentlemen. J. CHATMOND, Proprietor. oct12 3m THE CLARENDON HOUSE, 115 West 27th Street, NEW YORK CITY The leading House in the City. Patronized by the traveling public from all sections of the country. B.D. WHITEHURST, Prop. As we journey through life let us live by the way. dec21 3m "CARTER HOUSE," 262 West 53rd Street, Near 8th Avenue, NEW YORK The Only First Class Furnished Room House in New York. Meals Served at Reasonable Rates. Elegantly Furnished Rooms from $2 per Week Upward. Every Convenience, House Heated, Gas and Bath Columbus Avenue Cars pass the door. Sixth [a]venue Eleva[t]ed Station, 8th Avenue and 53rd Street. Please Inspect It. aug31 6m I. H. HUNTER, Manager. THE BELLMEN'S CAFE, 139 West 33rd Street, Near Broadway, NEW YORK CITY. Thoroughly First Class Service. Oysters, Chops and Salads a specialty. oct12 3m B. F. NIXON, Proprietor. 1501 Third Avenue Near 85th Street. FURNISHED ROOMS TO LET. Nicely Furnished Rooms with Conveniences, by the Week or Month. Moderate Rates Apply Mrs. MARTHA WILKERSON. nov9 3m FURNISHED ROOMS. MRS. MARTH, the world renowned and highly celebrated business and test TRANCE CLAIRVOYANT, reveals everything. No imposition. Can be consulted on all affairs of life. Business, Love and Marriage a specialty. Every mystery revealed, also of absent, deceased and living friends. Removes all troubles and estrangements, unites the separated and causes speedy marriages $1,000 challenge to any medium who can exceed her in her startling revelationsof the past, present and future events of one's life. Remember she will not for any price flatter you; you may rest assured that you will gain facts with out nonsense. She can be consulted upon all affairs of Life, Love, Courtship, Marriage, Friends, etc., with description of future companion. She is very accurate in describing missing friends, enemies, etc. Her advice upon sickness, change in business, journeys, lawsuits, contested wills, divorce and speculation is valuable and reliable. She reads your destiny--good or bad; she withholds nothing. MRS. MARTH, born with a double veil, is a seventh daughter, tells your entire life--past, present and future--in a DEAD TRANCE--has the power of any two clairvoyants you ever met. She tells whether your present sweetheart will be true to you and if he will marry you; if you have no sweetheart [s]he will tell you when you will have and his name, business and date of acquaintances Clairvoyantly ALL YOUR FUTURE will be written in an honest, clear, andplain manner and in a dead trance. Mothers should know the success of their husbands and children young ladies should know everything about their sweethearts and intended husband. Do not keep company, marry or go into business until you know all; do not let silly religious scruples prevent your consulting. Madame is the only one in the world who can tell you the ful[l] name of your future husband, with age and date of marriage, and tells whether the one you love is true or false. Reader, do you ever notice that some people seems to have good luck all the time and no matter what they do they seem to prosper, while others, yourself maybe, have such a hard time to get along, and no matter how hard they try, they find at the end of the year they are no better off that when they started? This is because they have not consulted the right Medium, while the successful people in all probabilities, have been to one of the genuine mediums and obtained advice. If you are unsuccessful in business, have bad luck, things go wrong with you, then you should consult Mrs. Marth. She will tell you what your trouble is as she understands the spells and evil influences. She has spent years helping distressed persons and had brought thousands to success. For advice by letter $1.00. All letters must contain stamps. MRS. M. B. MARTH No 246 West 31st Street Near Eighth Avenue. NEW YORK CITY Hours: 10 A. M. to 8 P. M. Sittings $1,00. Open Sundays from 1 to 7. NELSONS STRAIGHTINE THE LATEST DISCOVERY FOR MAKING KNOTTY, KINKY, CURLY HAIR STRAIGHT. BEFORE AFTER STRAIGHTINE is no experiment, but a thoroughly reliable preparation. It has been successfully used by thousands in all portions of the country. We have hundreds of letters speaking in the highest terms of its merit, and every mail brings us fresh testimonials. Straightine is a highly perfumed pomade; it not only Straightens the Hair, but removes Dandruff, Keeps the Hair from Falling Out, cures Itching, Irritating Scalp Diseases, giving a rich, long and luxurious head of hair--so much to be desired. Guaranteed perfectly harmless. Price, 25 Cents a can at all drug stores, or sent by mail to any address on receipt of 30 Cents in stamps or silver. Address, NELSON M'F'G CO., Richmond, Va. Big Money for Agents. Write for Terms. O'FARRELL'S $1,000 REWARD DR. SHEA, Marvelous Medium. Gives the names of dead and living friends. Tells who and when you will marry, also of business, journeys, lawsuits, absent friends, health or anything you wish to know, no matter what it is. He can call up your spirit friends and show them to you. Can make them rap all around the room. He asks no questions, don't ask you to write the names for him. Don't try to pump you in any way, but tells you right off. He is thoroughly endorsed by leading Spiritualists everywhere; received from them a gold medal and specia license to practice his wonderful powers; credentials no one e[l]se can show; can give thousands of references to both white and colored patrons. Twenty five years practice seven in Brooklyn-w[i]ll show you that he can do all he tells of. Can tell you what business is best for you and where. Can tell you how to win speedy marriage with one you love. How to be successful in all your doings, in short what is best to do. he succeeds when all others fail. Positive help and sati[s]factory or no pay Call and see You will find it lucky to consult this refined Christian gentleman. he has a medicine that will cure drunkenness; can be given patients not knowing it. Thousands through him are now Rich, Happy and Successful in all their undertakings, while those who neglect his advice are still laboring against pove[r]ty and adversity. Through his perfect knowledge of chemistry he can impart to you a secret that will overcome your enemies and win you friends. His aid and advice have often been solicited; the resul[t] has always been the securing of speedy and happy marriage and all your wishes. In love affairs he never f[a]ils. He has the secret of winning the affections of the oppo[s]ite sex. It is the curse of Spiritualism that in all large cities there are a c[l]ass of men and women who claim powers they do not possess [T]hey have neither gifts, credentials, nor references. Surely the colored people are not so wanting in sense as to throw their time and money away on such. DR. SHEA refers to the Hon. Charles Miller, capitalist, 248[?] Atlantic [a]v[e]nue; the Hon. Wm. Denmore architect and builder, 47 Cleveland avenue, and Arthur S[?]well, ship builder, Sou[t]h Brooklyn. All have known him for the past seven years He gives a free test of his power to all. The Doctor has practiced five years in New Orleans, St. Louis, Memphis and Louisville' understands thoroughly the diseases sp[e]lls o[f] influences the race is subject to. He is now and always has been a true friend to the colored people and always had a large patronage from them. Please Read the Following "BROOKLYN, June 3, 1892.--This is to certify [c]ame to New York form Albany, I was a stranger in a strange city out of work and out of money. I had no luck in anything I undertook. What to do I did not know. A friend advised me to go and see Dr. SHEA. I did; he told me the cause of my trouble; he took me in and treated me like a brother. Through him I got a good position that very week and been to others; they took my money and [?d] me no good I bless the day I first met Dr. SHEA. I would advise all in bad luck, sick or in trouble to go to him at once. Sincerely, ALBERT AYERS, 2937 Atlantic avenue "SOUTH PLAINFIELD, Aug. 15, 1891.--This is to certify that my husband had gone away and been absen two years. I [?ned] for him night and day. I gave him up as dead Hearing of the wonderful things DR. SHEA was oing, I resolved to consult him. He told me my husband was alive and well and where he was; told me he would come home and when to my joy all of it came true He is home now, come back like one from the dead I also wish to say that this month I lost the sum of 250. I am a poor woman and I was most insane I went to DR. SHEA and he told me I would find my money and to my intense joy I did find it as he told me. I thank God there is a man so gifted in our midst that can help people and tell them what to do. Sincerely, Mrs. MARY MILLER, South Plainfield, N. J." A Sensation in Brooklyn--A Minister's Statement "I wish to state that one of my parishioners was sick and in trouble for a long time, Mrs. 189 I hereby agree to act from date as agent for THE NEW YORK AGE, and to sell the same to as many customers as can be secured at 5 cents a copy every week, and that I will report not later than the Monday after each package I received, and remit 3 cents for each copy I sell or deliver to subscribers, and will keep all unsold copies, to be returned at end of every month. Name Address Town State How many papers first week Appointed by Address NEW YORK AGE, 4 Cedar Street, New York City. TO PUBLISHERS Publishers desiring to use single column portraits appearing in THE AGE can secure same by forwarding seventy-five cents to cover cost of reproduction and postage. Address Fortune & Peterson. 4 Cedar Street, New York.--Adv tf The Age in Philadelphia Copies of THE AGE can be had weekly at the following places, where subscriptions and advertisements can also be [aft?]: W. L. Underwood, 514 South Eleventh street; A. Kinkaid, 1218 Pine street; Warwick's stationary store, 254 South Eleventh street. tf The Age in Baltimore Copies of THE AGE will be found every week at the newsstand of P. D. Blackwell, 203 Richmond street, where advertisements and subscriptions can also be left. tf RUFUS HURBERT, Manufacturer, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Imported, Key West and Domestic Segars, Tobaccos and Smokers' Articles. Largest Afro American Dealer in the United States. 231 SEVENTH AVENUE, Between 23rd and 24th Streets. Immense Line of Holiday Presents. nov30 3m Box Trade a Speciality. Quaker City Laundry 308 WEST 39th STREET, NEW YORK CITY. All hand work. Open air Drying. Family Washing, 75 and up per Dozen. Sati-faction guaranteed. Goods called for and delivered. Terms C. O. D. CARR & BURRELL, Proprietors. nov23 3m HALLS AND MEETING ROOMS CENTRAL HALL, 114 & 116 West 53rd Street Two Fine Halls for Receptions or meetings. Wines and Liquors Retailed at Strictly Wholesale Prices. aug31 6m Wendel's Assembly Rooms, 334, 336, 338, 340, 342, AND 344 WEST 44TH STREET, NEW YORK. The Largest and most commodious B L Room in the city. Books Open at all times for engagements of Receptions, Entertainments Balls, Parties, etc. etc. Committee are respectfully invited to call before going else where. JULIUS WIENER, Manager oct26 1y WESTSIDE LYCEUM (FORMERLY ADELPHI HALL) 52ND STREET AND BROADWAY. This Hall has been renovated making it the largest Ball Room on the West Side. Can be secured for Balls, Weddings, Concerts and Dramatic Entertainments New scenery added to stage Books now open for 1899-1900. We also have five small halls with Pianos, suitable for parties not desiring large Hall. Apply on Premises. nov9 1y B. BIMBERG, Manager HALL TO LET. ODD FELLOWS' TEMPLE, 58 and 160 West 29th St. The above hall is the most Central and Conveniently located BALL ROOM in New York City. Ball Committees will do well, to call and get Terms, before engaging elsewhere Books now open for Engagements, for BALLS, RECEPTIONS, BANQUETS, FAIRS, and all First Class Entertainments and Rehearsals. THE HALL ASSOCIATION, Arthur W Handy, President. Joseph L. Pritchard, Secretary. jan4 1y SURROGATE'S NOTICE HEARD ELIZABETH.—In pursuance of an order of Hon. Frank T. Fitzgerald, a Surrogate of the County of New York. notice is hereby given to all persons having claims against Elizabeth Heard, otherwise known as Elizabeth Earles, last of the County of New York. deceased to present the same with vouchers thereof to the subscribers, at their place of transacting business, at the office of D. Macon Webster, Room 13, No. 33 Pine street, in the City of New York, on or before the 15th day of March next. Dated New York, the 6th day of September, 1899, HENRY CUNNINGHAM, DAVID C. PINCKNEY. Executors. D. Macon WEBSTER, Attorney for Executors, No. 33 Pine Street, Borough of Manhattan, City of New York Telephone 250 Columbus MADER A. PRIDDIE, Practical Custom Shoemaker, FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, 1758 BROADWAY. Near 56th Street, NEW YORK First Class Work at Moderate Prices. Fitting Troublesome Feet a Speciality. Orders by Mail Promptly Attended to. oc 19 3m GET INSURED. DON'T BE BURNT OUT AND HAVE NOTHING LEFT, A 3 Year Policy for the Furniture in your Flat will cost $2.50 for $1,000. Only the best Fire Insurance Companies. [?] GREENE, Insurance Broker, 47 Albany Avenue, BROOKLYN. 4 Cedar Street, NEW YORK. MRS. E. B. RICHARDS, AGENCY FOR FIrst Class Colored Help. LODGING FOR GIRLS. NO. 14 WEST 136TH STREET. NEW YORK. oct12 3m. DENTISTRY. ALL BRANCHES MODERN DENTISTRY, AT REASONABLE PRICES, 495 Sixth Avenue, Near 30th Street, NEW YORK SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. aug3 6m DR D P REID. Modern Dentistry Dr. E. Stanton Roberts 252 West 53rd Street. Open at all Hours. dec14 3m Special Appointments by Mail. POLITICAL HEADQUARTERS TAMMANY HALL United Colored Democracy OF GREATER NEW YORK, 152 West 53rd Street, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN. EDWARD E. LEE, Chief. H. H. ANDERSON, President. J. C. JOHNSON, Chair. Ex. Committee. ADVISORY BOARD H. H. Anderson, J. C. Johnson, Hon. J. E. W. Thompson, Dr. E. P. Roberts, Chas. E. Brown, Dr. Gustavus Henderson, Dr. Richard Conwell, Benjamin Myers, Anthony McCarthy, K. B. Brown, Wm. Heyliger, A. M. Robinson, Alma Pedro, Frank P. Thompson, Chauncey Jacobs, Wm Russell Johnson, James D. Carr, Henry Witherspoon, Charles D Davis, Ralph Langston, Robert N. Wood, Edwin F. Horne, Washington Parker, J. Milton Williams, Jay B. Tyler. EDWIN F. HORNE, General Secretary M. S. JONES, Stenographer mar3 1y THE AGE IN WILMINGTON, N. C. Copies of THE AGE can be had weekly at William H. Moore's news depot, 14 Mulberry street. ????????????????????????? Same by Mail Postpaid on Receipt of Amount. Williams History of the Negro Race in America, 2 volumes in one, $4 00 Wilson's Black Phalanx, a Complete History of the Negro Soldiers, (64 Illus.), $3 00 Still's Underground Railroad, new ed. $3 00 Douglass' Life and Times, new rev'd ed. $2 50 Langston's From the Virginia Plantation to the National Capital, $2 50 Mossell's Toussaint L'Ouverture, the Hero of Saint Domingo, or Hayti's Struggle, full cloth, $2 25 Penn's Afro-American Press and Its Editors, 150 Portraits $2 00 Dr. Crummell's Africa and America, $1 75 Grimke's Wm. Lloyd Garrison, $1 50 " Charles Sumner, $1 50 Col. Hinton's John Brown and His Men, $1 50 Booker T. Washington's "Future of the Negro Race," $1 50 Paynter's Joining the Navy or Abroad with Uncle Same, $1 50 Dr. Smith's Glimpses of Africa $1 25 Dr. Perry's Cushite $1 25 Paul Laurence Dunbar's "Poems of Cabin and Field, illustrated, $1 50 Paul Laurence Dunbar's Lyrics of Lowly Life, $1 25 Paul Laurence Dunbar's Lyrics of the Hearthside, $1 25 Alice Dunbar's "The Goodness of St Rocque and Other Stories," $1 00 Charles W. Chesnutt's "The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories, illus., $1 50 Charles W. Chesnutt's "The Conjure Woman" and other stories, $1 25 Charles W. Chesnutt's "Frederick Douglass," 75 cents Stewart's Liberia or the Americo- African Republic, Cloth, 75 cents Paper, 50 cents Victoria Earle's Aunt Lindy, illus., 50 cents Bishop Haygood's Our Brother in Black, 50 cents Engraving of Carpenter's Great Picture of the Proclamation of Emancipation, 22x28 inches, suitable for framing $1 00 Life Size Bust Portraits, Crayon Lithographs, printed in black and white, as fine as steel, size 22x28 inches, Frederick Douglass. 50 cents John Brown, 50 " Harriet Beecher Stowe, 50 " ADDRESS FORTUNE & PETERSON, 4 Cedar Street, New York __________________________________________________ TOUSSAINT L'OUVERTURE, The Hero of Saint Domingo, "SOLDIER, STATESMAN, MARTYR;" or HAYTI'S STRUGGLE. Triumph, Independence and Achievements By Rev. C. W. MOSSELL, A.M., B.D. The Book is unquestionably a complete history of Hayti, the most excellent biography of Toussaint L'Ouverture, which has appeared: in fact it is the most comprehensive and philosophical statement of the revolution for liberty and independence in Hayti. On every one of its five hundred pages there is evidence of careful study of the Haytians in their language, history, literature, religion and institutions. Fully illustrated HANDSOMELY BOUND. Full Cloth, $2 25 Cloth and Russia 2 50 Full Russia, 2 75 Sent postage paid on receipt of price.; Address FORTUNE & PETERSON, 4 Cedar Street, NEW YORK CITY. ______________________________________________ JOINING THE NAVY. OR Abroad With Uncle Sam, By JOHN H. PAYNTER. Life Aboard a United States War Ship Vividly Portrayed. INSTRUCTIVE AND ENTERTAINING. A charming account of the author's two years service in the United States Navy. Valuable details of methods and discipline of our Navy. Visits to foreign lands. Realistic description of the customs, manners, and life of the people of Spain, Egypt, India, China, Japan, and Africa. Exciting adventures striking incidents. Picturesque scenes. Reminiscences and friendly criticisms. PUBLISHER'S PRICE, $1.50, This book will be sent with THE AGE for one year to any address in the United States for $2.50, OFFER TO BOYS Any bright active Boy who will send us three NEW Yearly Subscribers with $4 50 will receive a copy of this book FREE. Address FORTUNE & PETERSON, 4 Cedar Street, NEW YORK. ________________________________________________ LYRICS OF THE HEARTHSIDE, POEMS BY PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR. 12mo, Cloth, with Portrait, $1.25. LYRICS OF LOWLY LIFE, Poems by PAUL LAWRENCE DUNBAR 12mo, Cloth, with Portrait, $1.25 Introduction Written By WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS. Address FORTUNE & PETERSON, 4 Cedar Street, NEW YORK. _________________________________________________ A Thoroughly First class Hotel and Restaurant. Regular Dinner from 6 to 8 P.M., except Sunday, 35c including Wine. Oysters, Chops and Salads a Specialty. Handsomely Furnished Rooms for Permanent or Transient Guests. Tel 803 Columbus. S. W. YOUNG & B. F. THOMAS, Proprietors. dec14 3m ________________________________________________ THE IVANHOE HOUSE, FURNISHED ROOMS FOR GENTLEMEN 158 West 53rd Street, NEW YORK. HOT AND COLD WATER BATHS The only First-Class House in the city for Gentlemen. J. CHATMOND, Proprietor. oct12 3m ________________________________________________ THE CLARENDON HOUSE, 115 West 27th Street, NEW YORK CITY The leading House in the City. Patronized by the traveling public from all sections of the country. B.D. WHITEHURST, Prop. As we journey through life let us live by the way. dec31 3m ________________________________________________ "CARTER HOUSE," 262 West 53rd Street, Near 8th Avenue, NEW YORK The Only First Class Furnished Room House in New York. Meals Served at Reasonable Rates. Elegantly Furnished Rooms from $2 per Week Upward. Every Convenience, House Heated, Gas and Bath. Columbus Avenue Cars pass the door. Sixth Avenue Elevated Station, 8th Avenue and 53rd Street. Please Inspect It. aug31 6m L. H. HUNTER, Manager _________________________________________________ THE BELLMEN'S CAFE, 139 West 33rd Street, Near Broadway, NEW YORK CITY. Thoroughly First Class Service. Oysters, Chops and Salads a Specialty. oct12 3m B. F. NIXON, Proprietor _________________________________________________ 1501 Third Avenue, Near 85th Street. FURNISHED ROOMS TO LET. Nicely Furnished Rooms with Conveniences, by the Week or Month. Moderate Rates Apply Mrs. MARTHA WILKERSON. nov93m ________________________________________________ FURNISHED ROOMS. 1302 Wood Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Every Convenience for Transients. TERMS REASONABLE. nov30 3m Mrs. M. SCOTT. _________________________________________________ FURNISHED ROOMS, 145 West 53rd Street. First Class Accomodation for Gentlemen only. Each and all Conveniences. Small and Large Rooms. Moderate Rates. Apply Mrs D. W. HUNT dec7 3m ________________________________________________ THE SAVOY, 146 to 150 West 53rd St. Handsomely Furnished Rooms En Suite or Single; Hot and Cold Baths; Ea es, $1 50 per Week and Upwards. MEALS A LA CARTE. Mrs. E. V. SMITH, Prop. dec28 3m _________________________________________________ The NEW OLIVER HOUSE, 218 West 28th Street, Is the place to stop when you wish first class accomodations at the most Reasonable Rates. Board and Lodging by the Day or Week. Mrs. S. L. OLIVER, Proprietress ________________________________________________ UNDERTAKERS AND EMBALMERS ________________________________________________ M. WINTERBOTTOM JAMES F. QUINN J. EDW. WINTERBOTTOM & CO., Funeral Directors, LICENSED. Our New Funeral Chapel, Minster and Music, Provided without extra charge. 638 Sixth Avenue, Cor. 37th St., NEW YORK. TELEPHONE CALL 399-38 (No Branch Office.) _________________________________________________ EAGAN & LEAKE UNDERTAKERS. Office: 225 SPRING STREET NEW YORK. J. O'BRIEN, Manager Telephone Spring, 585 _________________________________________________ ?????????????????????????????? matter what they do they seem to prosper, while others, yourself maybe, have such a hard time to get along, and no matter how hard they try, they find at the end of the year they are no better off than when they started? This is because they have not consulted the right Medium, while the successful people in all probabilities, have been one of the genuine mediums and obtained advice. If you are unsuccessful in business, have bad luck, things go wrong with you, then you should consult Mrs. Marth. She will tell you what your trouble is as she understands the spells and evil influences. She has spent years helping distressed persons and has brought thousands to success. For advice by letter $1.00. All letters must contain stamps. MRS. M. B. MARTH No 246 West 31st Street Near Eighth Avenue NEW YORK CITY Hours: 10 A. M. to 8 P. M. Sittings $1,00. Open Sundays from 1 to 7 _________________________________________________ NELSONS STRAIGHTINE (sic) TRADE MARK THE LATEST DISCOVERY FOR MAKING KNOTTY, KINKY, CURLY HAIR STRAIGHT. [sketch showing before and after] STRAIGHTINE is no experiment, but a thoroughly reliable preparation. It has been successfully used by thousands in all portions of the country. We have hundreds of letters speaking in the highest terms of its merit, and every mail brings us fresh testimonials. Straightine is a highly perfumed pomade; it not only Straightens the Hair, but removes Dandruff, Keeps the Hair from Falling Out, cures Itching, Irritating Scalp Diseases, giving a rich, long and luxurious head of hair - so much to be desired. Guaranteed perfectly harmless. Price, 25 Cents a can at all drug stores, or sent by mail to any address on receipt of 30 Cents in stamps or silver. Address, NELSON M'F'G CO., Richmond, Va. Big Money for Agents. Write for Terms. _______________________________________________________ O'FARRELL'S, 410 & 412 8TH Avenue, Near 31st Street. NEW YORK CITY Furniture, Carpets, Bedding, Etc, Houses, Flats and Apartments Furnished Complete: CASH OR CREDIT FRANK DONNATIN. Oldest and Most Reliable Store in the City. nov19 1y _________________________________________________________ TONSORIAL PARLOR, 110 West 26th Street, Near Sixth Avenue. Shaving and Hair Cutting in up to date Styles No waiting - 4 First Class Artists constantly in attendance Hot and Cold Water Baths. nov30 3m JAMES DOTSON, Proprietor __________________________________________________________ Mrs. Ida White-Duncan 19 Prescott Street, Jersey City, N J Wigs, Braids, Bangs made to order. Also combings made up in the latest styles. Shampooing Orders can be left at 841 West 36th street. NEW YORK Janitor's Bell _________________________________________________________ MAX ROSENTHAL, Fine Footwear. Men's, Ladies' Children's Shoes at Lowest Prices. 375 Eighth Avenue Bet. 28th and 29th Sts., NEW YORK jun22 1y Mention THE AGE. ________________________________________________________ EUGENE FIELD'S POEMS A $7.00 BOOK The Book of the Century Handsomely Illustrated by thirty-two of the World's Greatest Artists Given Free - to each person interested in subscribing to the Eugene Field Monument souvenir fund. Subscribe any amount desired. Subscriptions as low as low (sic) as $1 will entitle donor to this daintily artistic volume "FIELD FLOWERS" (cloth bound 8x11), as a certificate of subscription to fund. Book contains a selection of Field's best and most representative work and is ready for delivery. But for the noble contribution of the world's greatest artists this book could not have been manufactured for less than $7.00. The fund created is divided equally between the family of the late Eugene Field and the fund for the building of a monument to the memory of the beloved poet of childhood. Address EUGENE FIELD MONUMENT SOUVENIR FUND, (Also at Book Stores) 180 Monroe St., CHICAGO If you also wish to send postage, enclose 10c. Mention THE AGE _________________________________________________ ??????????????????????????????????? for you and where. Can tell you how to win speedy marriage with one you love. How to be successful in all your doings, in short what is best to do. He succeeds when all others fail. Positive help and satisfaction or no pay Call and see. You will find it lucky to consult this refined Christian gentleman. He has a medicine that will cure drunkenness; can be given patients not knowing it. Thousands through him are now Rich, Happy and Successful in all their undertakings, while those who neglect his advice are still laboring against poverty and adversity. Through his perfect knowledge of chemistry he can impart to you a secret that will overcome your enemies and win you friends. His aid and advice have often been solicited; the result has always been the securing of speedy and happy marriage and all your wishes. In love affairs he never fails. He has the secret of winning the affections of the opposite sex. It is the curse of Spiritualism that in all large cities there are a class of men and women who claim powers they do not possess. They have neither gifts, credentials, nor references. Surely the colored people are not so wanting in sense as to throw their time and money away on such. DR. SHEA refers to the Hon. Charles Miller, capitalist, 2480 Atlantic Avenue; the Hon. Wm. Denmore architect and builder, 47 Cleveland avenue, and Arthur Sewell, ship builder, South Brooklyn. All have known him for the past seven years. He gives a free test of his power to all. The Doctor has practiced five years in New Orleans, St. Louis, Memphis, and Louisville; understands thoroughly the diseases. spells or influences the race is subject to. He is now and always has been a true friend to the colored people and always had a large patronage from them. Please Read the Following "BROOKLYN, June 3, 1892. - This is to certify same to New York from Albany, I was a stranger in a strange city out of work and out of money. I had no luck in anything I undertook. What to do I did not know, A friend advised me to go and see DR. SHEA. I did; he told me the cause of all my trouble; he took me in and treated me like a brother. Through him I got a good position that very week. I had been to others; they took my money and did me no good. I bless the day I first met Dr. SHEA. I would advise all in bad luck, sick or in trouble, to go to him at once. Sincerely, ALBERT AYERS, 2937 Atlantic avenue "SOUTH PLAINFIELD, Aug. 15, 1891. - This is to certify that my husband had gone away and been absent two years. I mourned for him night and day. I gave him up as dead. Hearing of the wonderful things DR. SHEA was doing, I resolved to consult him. He told me my husband was alive and well and where he was; told me he would come home and when. To my joy all of it came true. He is home now, come back like one from the dead. I also wish to say that this month I lost the sum of $250. I am a poor woman and I was most insane I went to DR. SHEA and he told me I would find my money and to my intense joy I did find it as he told me. I thank God there is a man so gifted in our midst that can help people and tell them what to do. Sincerely, Mrs. MARY MILLER, South Plainfield, N. J." A Sensation in Brooklyn - A Minister's Statement "I wish to state that one of my parishioners was sick and in trouble for a long time, Mrs. Brown, 37 Gay street. She had several doctors but none of them seemed to know what was the matter. None could do her any good. It was my duty as her pastor to call and see her. Hearing of the wonderful work being done by Dr. SHEA, the last few years, I thought I would call and see him myself. I found him a kind, sympathetic gentleman. He gave me a wonderful test of his powers; told me to send him a lock of patient's hair, which I did by her daughter. He told me at once what was the matter and in a short time cured her sound and well. Her family had seemingly been under a cloud. Now, all is changed. All are well and prosperous. I can truly and heartily recommend Dr. SHEA to all those in sickness or distress of any kind. Rev. WILLIAM JOHNSON, Pastor of Lebanon Church, Brooklyn." DR. SHEA can show thousands such as the above. DOCTOR SHEA has been carefully educated in the Homeopathic and Eclectic Medical Schools of Medicine. His success is wonderful in curing Paralysis, Rheumatism, Asthma, Sore Eyes, Tumors, Cancers, Constipation, Ague, Dyspepsia, Tape Worm, Liver Complaints, Deafness, Catarrh, Dropsy, Piles, Nervous Debility, Heart Disease, Consumption, Diseases of Women and Children, Fits, Kidney Diseases, and all strange and mysterious diseases which others don't understand. All diseases no matter what they may be. Nothing but honorable treatment. He will honestly tell you if you can be cured. Has all new remedies, and new successes. Has had ample experience in public hospitals and private clinics. No trifling with human life. Call at once. Do not delay. Diplomas hang in parlors. Is a registered physician. A new remedy for rheumatism just discovered, not a liniment. Hopeless cases and those that others can not cure solicited to call. A perfect and radical cure warranted. Office open from 10 A. M. to 8 P. M. Fat folks made thin. The childless made parents. 651 Fulton Street, Brooklyn. All letters containing Stamps answered. Open on Sundays till 6 P. M. ____________________________________________________ MEDICAL ____________________________________________________ DRS. KARCH. SPECIALIST IN MIDWIFERY. 35 Years experience in all Female Complaints, Irregularities and suppressions successfully treated. Best and safest method. Confidential advice. Ladies boarded during confinements, infants adopted. Reasonable Terms. PRIVATE HOUSE. 308 East 78th Street, Near Second Avenue, NEW YORK ___________________________________________________ MRS. HOPPE, EXPERT IN MIDWIFERY, 20 Years experience in Female Complaints and Irregularities. Sure successful treatment. Gives confidential advice. Boards ladies during confinements, adopts infants. Moderate charge. Private house. 219 East 53rd Street Near Third Avenue, NEW YORK THE COLORED AMERICAN, WASHINGTON, D. C. THE WOMEN'S WORLD I didn't eavesdrop; I don't believe in it and I never do. I use my ears however, and this is what I heard. Both were mothers and both were discussing the subject most interesting to all good mothers-their children. "For the life of me, Mrs. Skuler, I don't see how you could persuade yourself to send your beautiful children to these public schools" said Mrs. Arry Stocracy, "I should expect mine to be completely ruined, if they came in daily contact with those low children who go to our schools. Many of them come from homes which are perfect hotbeds of vice. Their parents are vicious; many of them are criminals. What could you expect of children from such homes? The poor young ones are not to blame, but the influence they exert upon your children is none the less pernicious on that account. I should feel that I was planning my child's downfall, if I should send him to the public school, where the foundation of so many unfortunate or evil careers is laid." "You really shock me, Mrs. Stocracy" said Mrs. Skuler, "for I have educated four children in the public schools of this city, and it never occurred to me that I was preparing them for careers of vice. I consider myself a pretty good judge of school systems and school teachers, for I was educated in a public school, have taught in a public school and I have visited the public schools in other cities, whenever I got a chance. From observation and comparison I have concluded that one would have to travel quite a distance, before he would find public schools better manned and better equipped that are those here in Washington." "Oh," interrupted Mrs. Stocracy, "I have no fault to find with the curriculum here. I don't presume to pass judgment upon that point for I have not studied that question enough to do so. I was talking about the effect which a course in the public schools here has upon the mental life of the child, but was calling attention to the effect it has upon his morals." "You would have to keep your children always tied to your apron strings" replied Mr. Skuler, "if you wanted to shield them entirely from evil companions. It might be desirable to do this, but it is not possible, as the world is constructed. Sooner or later the best children must see the bad side of life. I think it is better to train a child properly at home from his infancy. Then when he is ready to go to school, reason intelligently and patiently him, and warn him against evil companions. The sooner his education is shunning evil companions begins, the better for the child. No matter how long you keep a child under his mother's wing at home, when he leaves the nest and begins to fly with other birds, he will inevitably make mistakes as to the kind of associates to choose. The mother must be watchful of course. She must continually impress upon the child that he is in actual danger when he is with an evil companion. Thus his character is strengthened, while he learns the lessons of life which can not be repeated with too much emphasis or frequency. But why all this moralizing? The proof of the pudding is in the taste. Look at our great men and our great women. The vast majority were educated in the public schools. While there are some un- worthy teachers in our corps here, just as there are everywhere else in the world, you must admit that there are many model men and women among them. Most of these were educated in the public schools. So far as my own children are concerned, Mrs. Stocracy, you know what they are and what a comfort they have been to me. If children have it in them to be bad, rearing them in a moral hot-house, shielded from every form of evil will not save them. As soon as they are emancipated from the leading strings of their mistaken mothers, their joy in new found freedom is liable to inspire in them a desire to taste forbidden fruit. Besides, I think it is wrong to deprive a child of the pleasure and the inspiration which keen competition with other children of his own age always afford." With that the conversation drifted to the dreadful state of affairs in Kentucky and the public school question was dropped. - Mrs. L. A. Davis of Chicago is one of the most active workers in every movement for the elevation of the race that we have She is state organizer for the National Association of Colored Women and is president of the Phyllis Wheatley club. - A Federation of Colored Women was formed in Montgomery, Ala., last December. The following officers were elected: Mrs. Booker T. Washington president; Miss Anna Duncan, of Montgomery, vice president; Mrs. Lucy E. Phillips, Jackson, Tenn., corresponding secretary; Mrs. Alice D. Cary, Atlanta, Ga., recording secretary; Mrs. Dr. Lampton, Mississippi, treasurer. Alabama has also formed a State Federation. In the meeting of the Southern Federation a resolution was adopted, making the establishment of kindergartens the chief object at which the organization would aim. Mrs. Alice D. Cary is chairman of the kindergarten committee. The zeal and intelligence manifested by our women everywhere in their effort to discharge their obligations to the race is most encouraging. We have at last learned that in union there is strength and we are acting upon that principle. - Why in the world don't some of the Washington bachelors marry? That is the question. I could name a score or more who are really well to do, certainly n such comfortable circumstances that each would be warranted in taking unto himself a wife, and yet they seem to have no idea of marrying. They are certainly old enough to settle down. Most of them are so far past their majority that they would be excused if they had forgotten they had ever come of age. They are are so rooted and grounded in their state of single blessedness that one would as soon expect the heavens to fall as to have one of them marry. This is all wrong. It is the sacred duty of every intelligent man who is making a fairly good living, to establish a home. The salvation of the race depends upon this. If we leave the ignorant and vicious to increase the population for us there is little hope for the race. What we need more than anything else, as we look - (Continued on 7th page. American Missionary Association. Oct 25, 1900 The Progress of Colored Women. BY MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL CONGREGATIONAL ROOMS, FOURTH AVENUE AND TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK. THE PROGRESS OF COLORED WOMEN. BY MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL. Let the future of colored women be judged by the past, since their emancipation, and neither they nor their friends have any cause for anxiety. Though there are many things in the Negro's present status to discourage him, he has some blessings for which to be thankful. Not the least of these is the progress of our women in everything which makes for the culture of the individual and the elevation of the race. Only forty years ago the great masses of colored women bowed under the yoke of bondage, subjected to hardships which neither human nor divine law seemed to soften, and surrounded by influences which put a premium upon immorality and made chastity an impossibility. When Ernestine Rose, Lucretia Mott, Lucy Stone and Susan B. Anthony began that agitation by which colleges were opened to women, and the numerous reforms inaugurated for the amelioration of their condition along all lines, their sisters who groaned in bondage had little reason to hope that those blessings would ever brighten their crushed and blighted lives. For during those days of depression and despair, colored women were not only refused admittance to institutions of learning, but the law of the states in which the majority lived made it a crime to teach them to read. Not only could they possess no property, but even their bodies were not their own. Nothing, in short, that could degrade or brutalize the womanhood of 4 the race was lacking in that system from which colored women then had little hope of escape. So gloomy were their prospects, so fatal the laws, so pernicious the customs, only forty years ago. But from the day their fetters were broken, and their minds released from the darkness of ignorance to which for more than two hundred years they had been doomed, from the day they could stand erect in the dignity of womanhood, no longer bound, but free, till to-day, colored women have forged steadily ahead in the acquisition of knowledge and in the cultivation of those graces of character which make for good. to use a thought of the illustrious Frederick Douglass, if judged by the depths from which they have come rather than by the heights to which those blessed with centuries of opportunities have attained, colored women need not hang their heads in same. Consider, if you will, the almost insurmountable obstacles which have confronted colored women in their effort to educate and cultivate themselves, since their emancipation, and I dare assert, not boastfully, but with pardonable pride, I hope, that the progress they have made and the work they have accomplished will bear a favorable comparison at least with that of their more fortunate sisters, from whom the opportunity of acquiring knowledge and the means of self-culture have never been entirely withheld. For not only are colored women with ambition and aspiration handicapped on account of their sex, but they are everywhere baffled and mocked on account of their race. Desperately and continuously they are forced to fight that opposition, born of a cruel, unreasonable prejudice, which neither their merit nor their necessity seems able to subdue. Not only because 5 they are women, but because they are colored women, are discouragement and disappointment meeting hem at every turn. Vocations opened and opportunities offered to their more favored sisters have been, and are to-day, closed and barred against them. While those of the dominant race have a variety of trades and pursuits from which they may choose, the woman through whose veins one drop of African blood is known to flow is limited to a pitiable few. So overcrowded are the vocations in which colored women may engage and so poor is the pay in consequence, that only the barest livelihood can be eked out by the rank and file. And yet, in spite of the opposition encountered, and the obstacles opposed to their acquisition of knowledge and their accumulation of property, the progress made by colored women along these lines has never been surpassed by that of any people in the history of the world. Though the slaves were liberated less than forty years ago, penniless and ignorant, with neither shelter nor food, so great was their thirst for knowledge and so herculean were their efforts to secure it, that there are to-day hundreds of Negroes, many of them women, who are graduates, some of them having taken degrees from the best institutions of the land. From Oberlin, that friend of the oppressed —Oberlin, my dear alma mater—whose name will always be loved and whose praise will ever be sung as the first college in the country which was just, broad and benevolent enough to open its doors to Negroes, and to women, on an equal footing with men, rom Wellesley and Vassar, from Cornell and Ann Arbor, from the best high schools throughout the North, East and West, colored girls have been 6 graduated with honors, and have thus forever settled the question of their capacity and worth. A few months ago, in Chicago, a large number of young men and women of the dominant race, and only one colored girl, competed for a scholarship entitling the successful competitor to an entire course through the Chicago University. As the result of the examination which was held, the only colored girl among them stood first and thus captured this great prize. Wherever colored girls have studied their instructors bear testimony to their intelligence, their diligence and their success. With this increase of wisdom there has sprung up in the hearts of colored women an ardent desire to do good in the world. No sooner had the favored few availed themselves of such advantages as they could secure than they hastened to dispense these blessings to the less fortunate of their race. With tireless energy and eager zeal, colored women have, since their emancipation, been continuously prosecuting the work of educating and elevating their race, as though upon themselves alone devolved the accomplishments of this herculean task. Of the colored teachers engaged in instructing our youth, it is perhaps no exaggeration to say that fully 90 per cent. are women. In the backwoods, remote from the civilization and comforts of city or town, on the plantations, reeking with ignorance and vice, colored women may be found battling with evils which such conditions always entail. Many a heroine, of whom the world will never hear, has thus sacrificed her life to her race, amid surroundings and in the face of many privations which only martyrs can bear. Shirking responsibility has never been a fault with 7 which colored women might be truthfully charged. Indefatigably and conscientiously, in public work of all kinds they engage that they may benefit and elevate their race. The result of this labor has been prodigious, indeed. By banding themselves together in the interest of education and morality, by adopting the most practical and useful means to this end, colored women have in thirty short years become a great power for good. Through the National Association of Colored Women, which was formed by the union of two large organizations in July, 1896, much good has been done in the past, and more will be accomplished in the future, we hope. Believing that it is only through the home that a people can become really good and truly great, the National Association of Colored Women has entered that sacred domain. Homes - more homes, better homes, purer homes, is the text upon which our sermons have been and will be preached. We would have heart to heart talks with our women that we may strike at the root of evils, many of which lie, alas, at the fireside. If the women of the dominant race, with all the centuries of education, culture and refinement back of them, with all the wealth of opportunity ever present with them, feel the need of a mother's congress that they may be enlightened upon the best methods of rearing their children and conducting their homes, how much more do our women, from whom shackles have but yesterday been stricken, need information on the same vital subjects. And so we are working with might and main to establish mothers' congresses on a small scale, wherever our women can be reached. Against the one-room cabin we have inaugurated 8 a vigorous crusade. When families of eight or ten men, women and children are all huddled promiscuously together in a single apartment, a condition of things found among our poor all over the land, there is little hope of inculcating morality and modesty. And yet in spite of these environments, which are so destructive of virtue, in spite of the fatal heritage of slavery, and though the safeguards usually thrown around maidenly youth and innocence are in some sections entirely withheld from colored girls, statistics compiled by men not inclined to falsify in favor of my race, show that immorality among colored women is not so great as among women similarly situated in countries like Austria, Italy, Germany, Sweden and France. Questions affecting our legal status as a race are also agitated by our women. In Tennessee and Louisiana, colored women have several times petitioned the legislatures of their respective states to repeal the obnoxious Jim Crow car laws. Nor will any stone be left unturned until this iniquitous and unjust enactment be forever wiped from the statutes of the South. In every way possible we are calling attention to the barbarity of the convict lease system, of which Negroes, and especially the female prisoners, are the principal victims, in the hope that the conscience of the country may be touched and this stain upon its escutcheon be forever wiped away. In various sections of the country our women are being aroused to the necessity of establishing day nurseries for the infants of working women. Thousands of our wage-earning mothers with large families dependent almost entirely upon them for support are obliged to leave their infants all day, to be cared for either by young brothers and sisters, 9 who do not know how to attend to them properly, or by some good-natured neighbor, who promises much but who does little. Many of these infants are locked alone in the room from the time the mother leaves in the morning until she returns at night. Not long ago I read in a Southern newspaper that an infant thus locked alone in a room all day while its mother went out to wash and cried itself to death. Recently I have been visiting a day nursery for the infants of working women, and I have been shocked at the miserable little specimens of humanity brought in by mothers who had been obliged to board them out with careless or heartless people. When one thinks of the slaughter of the innocents which is occurring with such pitiless persistency every day, and of the countless thousands maimed for life on account of neglect or cruel treatment during their helpless infancy, it is evident that by establishing day nurseries colored women will render one of the greatest services possible to humanity and the race. The National Association of Colored Women has chosen as its motto, "Lifting as We Climb." In order to live up to this sentiment its members have determined to come into the closest possible touch with the masses of our women, by whom, whether we will or no, the womanhood of our people will always be judged. It is unfortunate, but it is true, that a majority of the dominant race in this country insists upon judging the Negro by his lowest and most vicious representatives instead of by the more intelligent and worthy classes. It is, therefore, of the greatest importance that the more favored colored women should try to influence for good their illiterate and unfortunate sisters, through whom it is possible to correct 10 many of the evils which militate so seriously against us, and inaugurate the reforms without which as a race we cannot hope to succeed. Through the medium of clubs and by individual effort as well, the attention of our women is being called to the alarming rapidity with which the Negro is losing ground in the world of labor. If this movement to withhold employment from him continues to grow, we shall soon be confronted with a condition of things disastrous and serious indeed. We are showing our women how fatal it will be to their highest, best interests and to the highest, best interests of their children, if the Negro does not soon build up a reputation for reliability and proficiency. We are preaching in season and out that it should be a part of the religion of every wage-earning colored woman to become thoroughly proficient in whatever work she engages, so that she may render the best service of which she is capable, and thus do her part toward establishing a reputation for excellent workmanship among colored women. Our clubs are being urged to establish schools of domestic science as soon as their means will permit. By founding institutions in which colored women and girls could be trained to be skilled domestics, we should do more to solve the labor question, so far as it affects the colored women, than by using any other means it is in our power to employ. Explain the situation as we may, the fact remains that the trades and vocations which formerly belonged almost exclusively to colored people by common consent are now gradually slipping from their grasp. Depressing though the situation may be, colored women are not sitting supinely be with folded hands, drooping heads and weeping eyes, THE WOMAN'S WORLD. - (Continued from 6th page.) - forward into the future, is a goodly number of children, born of educated, respectable parents, and reared in homes of refinement and culture. I don't mean the refinement which wealth alone can afford, but the refinement apparent in the homes of poor people, whose brains have been educated and whose tastes cultivated in good schools or by contact with cultured people. - I haven't the least respect for your old bachelor who is too stingy to marry and establish a home. Why don't ministers preach the duty of matrimony more than they do? So great would be my pity for a woman who would be so unfortunate as to become the wife of one of these old bachelors who has lived nearly fifty years wrapped up in selfishness that I feel guilty in urging them to get married. There a is general cry in this country that men are less and less inclined to marry. It is bad enough for the dominant race to make this mistake. But since the great majority of colored people are ignorant and uncultured, from the very nature of the case, unless those who have been blessed with educational advantages and have a competence, establish homes and rear children, we shall be represented by the worst instead of the best element among us. I shouldn't feel so bitter against these old bachelors, if they had a good reason for remaining single. But I've made a careful study of the Washington species, and not a single one of the well to-do old fellows has any responsibility which should prevent him from discharging his duty to the race. What beats me is, that they are not frowned down upon by good society. But they aren't. Everybody smiles at them and gives them the glad hand, just as they do respectable married men. Old bachelors should be boycotted. - Ladies and-but forgot the gentlemen have nothing to do with the following bit of information except indirectly. Rainy-day skirts-those delicious, short, narrow, machine-stitched skirts, have come to stay. They are none of your transient, ephemereal affairs, here to day and gone tomorrow, but they will be with us 365 days in the year. What makes me so dead sure of this is, that I see the leaders of fashion wearing them on their shopping expeditions when there isn't a cloud in the sky. They are called rainy day skirts because you wear them if you want to, when it doesn't rain. We poor women, who have had to wear long, wide skirts on a rainy day, clutching frantically at them to keep them out of the germ-filled mud, know how to appreciate the rainy skirt; I tell you. Long may it wave. - I hope you didn't fail to attend the Woman Suffrage meetings. Whether you believe in it or not doesn't matter. It will do your heart good any time to hear a lot of brainy women talk. A man said to me not long ago, in speaking about the Women's Conventions, "I don't believe in woman suffrage, you know, but I must admit that a gatnering of these women can talk the boots off of any body of men I've ever heard." - If you know anything about women which is worthy of note, please let me hear from you, dear sister. The brother editor who said I "carried my facts with me" told the truth as far as he THE COLORED AMERIC went. But I must confess that I don't know everything. Strange, but true. If therefore, you are in the possession of any facts about women, which the public ought to know, no one will be more grateful than the undersigned, if you will put them in a letter and send to The Colored American addressed to EUPHEMIA KIRK. Mary Church Terrerll BETHEL LITERARY'S SCHEDULE. - MRS. TERRELL SAYS THAT THIS WAS HER FIRST AND LAST USE OF A PSEUD. AFTER THIS SHE HAD COURAGE ENOUGH TO WRITE UNDER HER OWN NAME! 11 but they are doing everything in their power to smooth out the rough roads of labor, over which tiny feet that now patter in play may soon stumble and fall. To our own youth, to our own tradesmen, we are preaching reliability and thorough proficiency. We are also appealing to our large-hearted, broad-minded sisters of the dominant race. We are asking that they both observe themselves and teach their children to respect the lofty principles of justice and humanity upon which this government was founded and of which their own consciences approve. We are asking, also, that they train their children to be broad and just enough to judge men and women by their intrinsic merit, rather than by the adventitious circumstances of race or color or creed. Colored mothers are asking their white sisters to teach their children that when they grow to be men and women, if they deliberately prevent their fellow creatures from earning an honest living by closing the doors of trade against them, the Father of all men will hold them responsible for the crimes which are the result of their injustice and for the human wrecks which the ruthless crushing of hope and ambition alwaysmakes. In the name of American children, black childhood as well as white, colored women are asking their white sisters to do all in their power to make the future of our boys and girls as bright and as promising as should be that of every child born in a country which owes its existence to the love of liberty in the human heart. Please return - American Missionary Association. The Progress of Colored Women. BY MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL CONGREGATIONAL ROOMS, FOURTH AVENUE AND TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK. THE PROGRESS OF COLORED WOMEN. BY MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL Let the future of colored women be judged by the past, since their emancipation, and neither they nor their friends have any cause for anxiety. Though there are many things in the Negro's present status to discourage him, he has some blessings for which to be thankful. Not the least of these is the progress of our women in everything which makes for the culture of the individual and the elevation of the race. Only forty years ago the great masses of colored women bowed under the yoke of bondage, subjected to hardships which neither human nor divine law seemed to soften, and surrounded by influences which put a premium upon immortality and made chastity an impossibility. When Ernestine Rose, Lucretia Mott, Lucy Stone and Susan B. Anthony began that agitation by which colleges were opened to women, and the numerous reforms inaugurated for the amelioration of their condition along all lines, their sisters who groaned in bondage had little reason to hope that these blessings would ever brighten their crushed and blighted lives. For during those days of depression and despair, colored women were not only refused admittance to institutions of learning, but the law of the states in which the majority lived made it a crime to teach them to read. Not only could they possess no property, but even their bodies were not their own. Nothing, in short, that could degrade or brutalize the womanhood of 4 the race was lacking in that system from which colored women then had little hope of escape. So gloomy were their prospects, so fatal the laws, so pernicious the customs, only forty years ago. But from the day their fetters were broken, and their minds released from the darkness of ignorance to which for more than two hundred years they had been doomed, from the day they could stand erect in the dignity of womanhood, no longer bound, but free, till to-day, colored women have forges steadily ahead in the acquisition of knowledge and in the cultivation of those graces of character which make for good. To use a thought of the illustrious Frederick Douglass, if judged by the depths from which they have come rather than by the heights to which those blessed with centuries of opportunities have attained, colored women need not hand their heads in shame. Consider, it you will, the almost insurmountable obstacles which have confronted colored women in their effort to educate and cultivate themselves, since their emancipation, and I dare assert, not boastfully, but with pardonable pride, I hope, that the progress they have made and the work they have accomplished will bear a favorable comparison at least with that of their more fortunate sisters, from whom the opportunity of acquiring knowledge and the means of self-culture have never been entirely withheld. For not only are colored women with ambition and aspiration handicapped on account of their sex, but they are everywhere baffled and mocked on account of their race. Desperately and continuously they are forced to fight that opposition, born of a cruel, unreasonable prejudice, which neither their merit nor their necessity seems able to subdue. Not only because 5 they are women, but because they are colored women, are discouragement and disappointment meeting them at every turn. Vocations opened and opportunities offered to their more favored sisters have been, and are to-day, closed and barred against them. While those of the dominant race have a variety of trades and pursuits from which they may choose, the woman through whose veins one drop of African blood is known to flow is limited to a pitiable few. So overcrowded are the vocations in which colored women may engage and so poor is the pay in consequence, that only the barest livelihood can be eked out by the rank and file. And yet, in spite of the opposition encountered, and the obstacles opposed to their acquisition of knowledge and their accumulation of property, the progress made by colored women along these lines has never been surpassed by that of any people in the history of the world. Though the slaves were liberated less than forty years ago, penniless and ignorant, with neither shelter nor food, so great was their thirst for knowledge and so herculean were their efforts to secure it, that there are to-day hundreds of Negroes, many of them women, who are graduates, some of them having taken degrees from the best institutions of the land. From Oberlin, that friend of the oppressed-Oberlin, my dear alma mater-whose name will always be loved and whose praise will ever be sung as the first college in the country which was just, broad and benevolent enough to open its doors to Negroes, and to women, on an equal footing with me, from Wellesley and Vassar, from Cornell and Ann Arbor, from the best high schools throughout the North, East and West, colored girls have been 6 graduated with honors, and have thus forever settled the question of their capacity and worth. A few months ago, in Chicago, a large number of young men and women of the dominant race, and only one colored girl, competed for a scholarship entitling the successful competitor to an entire course through the Chicago University. . As the result of the examination which was held, the only colored girl among them stood first and thus captured this great prize. Wherever colored girls have studied their instructors bear testimony to their intelligence, their diligence and their success. With this increase of wisdom there has sprung up in the hearts of colored women an ardent desire to do good in the world. No sooner had the favored few availed themselves of such advantages as they could secure than they hastened to dispense these blessings to the less fortunate of their race. With tireless energy and eager zeal, colored women have, since their emancipation, been continuously prosecuting the work of educating and elevating their race as though upon themselves alone devolved the accomplishment of this herculean task. Of the colored teachers engaged in instructing our youth, it is perhaps no exaggeration to say that fully 90 per cent. are women. In the backwoods, remote from the civilization and comforts of city or town, on the plantations, reeking with ignorance and vice, colored women may be found battling with evils which such conditions always entail. Many a heroine, of whom the world will never hear, has thus sacrificed her life to her race, amid surroundings and in the face of many privations which only martyrs can bear. Shirking responsibility has never been a fault with 7 which colored women might be truthfully charged. Indefatigably and conscientiously, in public work of all kinds they engage that they may benefit and elevate their race. The result of the labor has been prodigious, indeed. By handling themselves together in the interest of education and morality, by adopting the most practical and useful means to this end, colored women have in thirty short years become a great power for good. Through the National Association of Colored Women, which was formed by the union of two large organizations in July, 1896, much good has been done in the past, and more will be accomplished in the future, we hope. Believing that it is only through the home that a people can become really good and truly great, the National Association of Colored Women has entered that sacred domain. Homes-more homes, better homes, purer homes, is the text upon which our sermons have been and will be preached. We would have heart to heart talks with our women that we may strike at the root of evils, many of which lie, alas, at the fireside. If the women of the dominant race, with all the centuries of education, culture and refinement back of them, with all the wealth or opportunity ever present with them, feel the need of a mother's congress that they may be enlightened upon the best methods of rearing their children and conducting their homes, how much more do our women, from whom shackles have but yesterday been stricken, need information on the same vital subjects. And so we are working with might and main to establish mothers' congresses on a small scale, wherever our women can be reached. Against the one-room cabin we have inaugurated 8 a vigorous crusade. When families of eight or ten men, women and children are all huddled promiscuously together in a single apartment, a condition of things found among our poor all over the land, there is little hope of inculcating morality and modesty. And yet in spite of these environments, which are so destructive of virtue, in spite of the fatal heritage of slavery, and though the safeguards usually thrown around maidenly youth and innocence are in some sections entirely withheld from colored girls, statistics compiled by men not inclined to falsify in favor of my race, show that immorality among colored women is not so great as among women similarly situated in countries like Austria, Italy, Germany, Sweden and France. Questions affecting our legal status as a race are also agitated by our women. In Tennessee and Louisiana, colored women have several times petitioned the legislatures of their respective states to repeal the obnoxious Jim Crow car laws. NOr will any stone be left unturned until this iniquitous and unjust enactment be forever wiped from the statutes of the South. In every way possible we are calling attention to the barbarity of the convict lease system, of which Negroes, and especially the female prisoners, are the principal victims, in the hope that the conscience of the country may be touched and this stain upon the escutcheon be forever wiped away. In various sections of the country our women are being aroused to the necessity of establishing day nurseries for the infants of working women. Thousands of our wage-earning mothers with large families dependent almost entirely upon them for support are obliged to leave their infants all day, to be care for either by young brothers and sisters, 9 who do not know how to attend to them properly, or by some good-natured neighbor, who promises much but who does little. Many of these infants are locked alone in the room from the time the mother leaves in the morning until she returns at night. Not long ago I read in a Southern newspaper that an infant thus locked alone in a room all day while its mother went out to wash had cried itself to death. Recently I have been visiting a day nursery for the infants of working women, and I have been shocked at the miserable little specimens of humanity brought in by mothers who had been obliged to board them out with careless or heartless people. When one thinks of the slaughter of the innocents which is occurring with such pitiless persistency every day, and of the countless thousands maimed for life on account of neglect or cruel treatment during their helpless infancy, it is evident that by establishing day nurseries colored women will render one of the greatest services possible to humanity and the race. The National Association of Colored Women has chosen as its motto, "Lifting as We Climb." In order to live up to this sentiment its members have determined to come into the closest possible touch with the masses of our women, by whom, whether we will or no, the womanhood of our people will always be judged. It is unfortunate, but it is true, that a majority of the dominant race in this country insists upon judging the Negro by his lowest and most vicious representatives instead of by the more intelligent and worthy classes. It is, therefore, of the greatest importance that the more favored colored women should try to influence for good their illiterate and unfortunate sisters, through whom it is possible to correct 10 many of the evils which militate so seriously against us, and inaugurate the reforms without which as a race we cannot hope to succeed. Through the medium of clubs and by individual effort as well, the attention of our women is being called to the alarming rapidity with which the Negro is losing ground in the world of labor. If this movement to withhold employment from him continues to grow, we shall soon be confronted with a condition of things disastrous and serious indeed. We are showing our women how fatal it will be to their highest, best interests and to the highest, best interests of their children, if the Negro does not soon build up a reputation for reliability and proficiency. We are preaching in season and out that it should be a part of the religion of every wage-earning colored woman to become thoroughly proficient in whatever work she engages,so that she may render the best service of which she is capable, and thus do her part toward establishing a reputation for excellent workmanship among colored women. Our clubs are being urged to establish schools of domestic science as soon as their means will permit. By founding institutions in which colored women and girls could be trained to be skilled domestics, we should do more to solve the labor question, so far as it affects the colored women than by using any other means it is in our power to employ. Explain the situation as we may, the fact remains that the trades and vocations which formerly belonged almost exclusively to colored people by common consent are not gradually slipping from their grasp. Depressing though the situation may be, colored women are not sitting supinely by with folded hands, drooping heads and weeping eyes, 11 but they are doing everything in their power to smooth out the rough roads of labor, over which tiny feet that now patter in play may soon stumble and fall. to our own youth, to our own tradesmen, we are preaching reliability and thorough proficiency. We are also appealing to our large-hearted, broad-minded sisters of the dominant race. We are asking that they both observe themselves and teach their children to respect the lofty principles of justice and humanity upon which this government was founded and of which their own consciences approve. We are asking, also, that they train their children to be broad and just enough to judge men and women by their intrinsic merit, rather than by the adventitious circumstances of race or color or creed. Colored mothers are asking their white sisters to teach their children that when they grow to be men and women, if they deliberately prevent their fellow creatures from earning an honest living by closing the doors of trade against them, the Father of all men will hold them responsible for the crimes which are the result of their injustice and for the human wrecks which the ruthless crushing of hope and ambition alwaysmakes. In the name of American children, black childhood as well as white, colored women are asking their white sisters to do all in their power to make the future of our boys and girls as bright and as promising as should be that of every child born in a country which owes its existence to the love of liberty in the human heart. Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.