MISCELLANY CLIPPINGS Terrell's Trip to Berlin, 1904

Now Hugh Black and myself speak at Berlin
Baptist/Social [?] banquet Nov. 7-1906 
Pictures or journal.
[?] Compliment to our [?] Elkhart ([Sud]) [?]
Jan 4-1906 Solvent Savings [?] of theirs
plus [applus] for charter Mar 17-1906
[?] large headlines the [?] [Evening] 
Star [?] my [?] with [?] I [?]
April 20-1907 speak [?] 60 [?]

Contents
MRS. TERRELL'S TRIUMPH IN BERLIN
Property of 
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
Arranged by 
R. G. Doggett

Great praise bestowed upon me [?] all [?]
[?] Falls Revelle May 29-1908

Mary Church Terrell
The Washington Post: Sunday, May 29, 1904

HONORS MRS. TERRELL

Washington Colored Woman Wins Recognition.

TO SPEAK AT BERLIN COUNCIL

Delegate to International Gathering Devoted
to the Cause of Woman and the 
Human Race Generally--Her Work in Washington in
Behalf of Charity and 
Education--Possesses Literary Ability.

What the colored women of America
have done in the way of self-education
and in the amelioration of the difficulties
under which their race is progressing
will be told at the International Council
of Women by Mrs. Mary Church Terrell,
of Washington. This convention will be
called to order in Berlin on June 13. It
is a gathering of women from all over
the world who are taking an active part
not only in the advancement of their own
sex, but in that of the whole human family
as well. The International Council
is by far the most important of the various
organizations among women for the
better development of the race.
It is fitting that at this important meeting
of organized women, the colored women
of the country should be represented
by a delegate sent from Washington.
Here the progress of the negro meets with
less obstruction than in any other city in
the United States. Here, also, the negro 
population is so great that the matter of
charitable work among the poor is largely
a matter of aiding indigent colored families.
Hence, here almost more than in
any other city in the country is needed
the educated colored women who can aid
in solving the problems of her race.
Much work is being done in Washington
for the colored poor under the supervision
of colored women, in which Mrs. Terrell
has taken an active interest. Among other
charitable endeavor she had charge last
summer of the playground in the southwest,
opposite the Social Settlement
House, on M and Second streets.
Merits Honor Bestowed.
But Mrs. Terrell is much more than a 
woman of kindly instincts to whom the
needs of others appeal. She is a woman
of brains, education, and refinement. It
is a distinction to be chosen as a delegate
to the International Council of Women,
but it is a distinction that she unquestionably
merits, and in extending an Invitation
to her to meet with them in Berlin
the board of managers of the council
merely recognized real worth where it exists.
Mrs. Terrell was born in Tennessee. Her
education she received in Ohio, graduating,
when a young girl, from Oberlin College.
The university training that she received
there was extended by two years
spent in study abroad. During these years
Mrs. Terrell lived in Lausanne, Switzerland;
Paris, Berlin, and Florence, where
she devoted her time to perfecting herself
in the romance languages.
Returning to America, she became an
instructor in modern languages at Wilberforce
College, at Xenia, Ohio, from
which place she came to take a similar
position in the Colored High School of
Washington. In 1891she became the wife
of R. H. Terrell, justice of the peace in
the Eighth subdistrict of the city. Judge
Terrell is a college man, having been 
graduated from Harvard in 1884. He was
one of the first negroes whom President 
Roosevelt appointed as judges of the subdistricts.
Judge Terrell has held his present
position since 1901.
To Mrs. Terrell belongs the honor of being
one of the first women allowed to become
a member of the board of trustees 
for the public schools. This position she
held a number of years, until the election
of her husband to the principalship of
one of the schools necessitated her resignation.
Mrs. Terrell is honorary president 
of the National Association of Colored
Women, of which she was the first president.
Article Upon Lynching.
Since her marriage Mrs. Terrell has devoted
her time to the needs of her now
six-year-old daughter Phyllis, to lecturing,
and to literary endeavor. Under the
management of various bureaus she has 
talked at the leading chautauquas of the
country and has lectured in many of the 
large cities. As a newspaper writer, she 
has devoted her energies to investigating
the conditions of her own people, especially
in such cases where those conditions
show progress. But Mrs. Terrell's most
pronounced literary feet rests in an article
which has appeared in the North 
American Review for June upon "Lynching
from a Negro's Standpoint."
Mrs. Terrell's father, Robert R. Church,
is one of the largest taxpayers in Memphis,
Tenn. He is a public-spirited citizen,
who can always be counted upon for
liberal help when his city is selected for
celebrations. He was among the first to
buy the bonds issued by Memphis immediately
after the great yellow fever epidemic
of 1878. Mr. Church is highly respected
by all classes of citizens of his
State. He and his family have traveled
a great deal abroad.
Mrs. Terrell sailed Wednesday from
Baltimore on the Brandenburg, of the 
North German Lloyd Line. She will be
gone two months.
[*THE WASHINGTON POST: SUNDAY, JULY 10, 1904.*]
NEED TO BE POLYGLOT
What American Women Have
Learned in Berlin.
TRIUMPH OF MRS. TERRELL
Washington's Distinguished Colored
Women Given an Ovation After Having
Made a Fine Speech in German, and
Then an Equally Good One in French--
Much Given to Eating and Drinking.
BY IDA HUSTED HARPER.
Special Correspondence of The Sunday Post.
Berlin, June 27. --Teachers of German
and English in the United States may expect
a heavy business next fall and winter,
for the self-satisfied American woman
has learned at least one lesson during
the past two weeks, and this is that if she
is going to keep on attending international 
councils, she will have to know one
or the other of these languages. Much
amusement was created by Miss Anthony's
naive remark in one of her
speeches that she now appreciated more
than ever the need that there should be
one language for all the world, and this
should be English. The programme and
all the proceedings are in German; also
the directions at the entrances, the circulars
distributed, the announcements made,
and everything for sale in the lobbies;
German only is spoken by most of the
ushers, the attendants, the men, and
women at the sales tables, and the various
employes; while more than four-fifths
of the speeches have made in this language
or French. This fact has tended
very effectually to deprive American
women of being the main part of the
show, as they have been at all of the
other congresses.
They have learned, too, another thing, 
viz., that they have not a monopoly of the 
art of public speaking. At the London
meeting it was generally acknowledged
that in all its departments they carried
off the palm, but here the German women
are on their native heath, and those
from the neighboring countries are not
far from it. Their skill in presiding, their
fine voices, their self-possession, and their
outbursts of impassioned oratory have
been a revelation to those who had supposed
that is what is called the "new woman"
had not yet found her way into continental
Europe. Their speeches also have
a distinct vein of humor and sarcasm,
which meets with quick responses from
audiences that are unapproached in enthusiasm
and appreciation.
Miss Anthony Honored Above All.
If however, one dared say that the
women of any country have been honored
above those of another, in this city of
unsurpassed hospitality, this distinction
might justly be claimed for those from
the United States, or certainly for a few
of the most representative. Far above
and beyond all of these must be placed
Susan B. Anthony, who was introduced
as "Miss Anthony of the world." And
so it has proved to be, for never in her
own land, even in these later days, when
she has been met with cheers instead of
hisses and with flowers in place of stones,
she has received greater ovations than
from these cosmopolitan audiences in the
capital of Germany. They have not been
confined to the congress, but have extended
to the social festivities, where in 
almost every instance she has been placed 
in the seat of honor, and always has been 
obliged to respond to the call for a speech,
and not the voice of any speaker has been
more easily heard. The newspapers have
commented on the dignity and modesty
with which she has accepted it all, and
the generous sympathy and recognition
she has shown to other speakers and the
lines of thought they represented. Indeed
herein lies the chief reason of her 
large and loyal constituency and her
steadily increasing power and prestige.
Second to Miss Anthony in the popular
estimation have been the Rev. Anna Howard
Shaw and Mrs. Carrie Chapman
Catt, and an equal division of the honrs
may be accorded to them. There have
been few meetings when they were not
called upon for speeches, even though
they might not have been on the programme
for that occasion, and they never
have failed to reflect the highest credit
on the United States.
The great executive power of Mrs. May
Wright Sewall and her wonderful ability
as presiding officer, have been referred 
to in previous letters.
The higher education of women in our 
country has had its ablest representative
in Dr. M. Carey Thomas, of Bryn Mawr
College, who, with Miss Mary Garrett, of
Baltimore, has been in attendance
throughout the Congress. Although president
of a woman's college, her address 
declared in the strongest terms for coeducation,
and urged the women of Europe
to devote their time and effort, in
their respective countries, first of all to
opening the universities to women.
Triumph of Mrs. Terrell.
A most significant feature of the congress
has been the reception given to the
two addresses of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell,
of Washington, D. C., former president
of the National Association of Colored
Women, and for five years a member
of the school board in the District of 
Columbia.  Mrs. Terrell is a graduate of 
Oberlin and studied a year in Berlin and
a year in Paris, so she was able to deliver
one speech in excellent German and
one in equally good French. This achievement
on the part of a colored woman,
added to a fine presence and the eloquence
of her words, carried the audience by
storm and she had to respond three times
to the encores before they were satisfied.
It was more than a personal tribute, it
was a triumph for her race. Mrs. Terrell
had been included in all the social courtisies
extended to the speakers.
There was, perhaps, no one whom
the women here were more desirous to meet
than Mrs. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, as
the president of the German Council,
Frau Stritt, had translated her book,
Woman in Economics, and it had a large sale.
On the afternoon of her speech, the
biggest of the four halls where the meetings
are being held was so packed, floors



[Congress notes]
                              For and Against Mrs. Gilman's Ideas.
As usual, Mrs. Gilman's speech divided the audience into two hostile forces, half of the women declaring they would never hand their children over to be cared for by professional trainers and feed their husbands on victuals from a co-operative cookery, while they used their time to "the larger work of the world;" the other half insisting that women in all ages had given too much time, strength, and talent to the nursery and kitchen, and that was why they had fallen behind in all great achievements; the few men present grumbled at her theory that the female protoplasm was created before the male, that it was the man who was an "afterthought' instead of the woman, and that the world could have got on very well if he had not been created at all.  But everybody went home thinking, and that is really the essential thing.
There were many other good speeches by American women, who have been named in a former letter.  If a criticism may be made on the congress it is that there were too many short addresses by those from all countries who may be termed average speakers.   This also was true of the London congress.  At these great world meetings only the most representative should be selected, and they should have sufficient time to present their subject in an address which would cover the ground and be worth preserving as an addition to the knowledge of it already existing.  A discussion with each one who participated strictly limited as to time, would bring a variety of thought where this was considered desirable.  It is to be hoped the Canadian programme committee will adopt this plan and then put the addresses into available published form.
                                   Peculiar Suffrage Coincidences.
   It is a peculiar coincidence that while the international council of women was in progress in London, in 1899, the House of Commons defeated a bill for woman suffrage, and during its meeting in Berlin the Reichstag has done the same.  The government here had a bill for creating a commercial tribunal, a kind of board of arbitration for settling questions of controversy between employers and employes of the class including clerks, stenographers, and others who would not come under the head of manual laborers.  When the committee returned it to the Reichstag they had added a provision that women employes (who form an immense proportion of the whole), should have a seat on this board and vote for its members.
   This was strongly opposed by the government, and on its second reading the clause permitting them to serve on the board was struck out, but the members were desirous to retain for women the privilege of voting for the board in whose decisions they had just as vital an interest as the men.  The very day on which Count von Posadowsky, minister of internal affairs, was giving a garden party to this great council of women, who had just made woman suffrage a plank in their platform, he served notice on the Reichstag that if they passed the bill with suffrage for women in it, he would veto it.  The women employes called a mass-meeting and made the most fiery speeches to a big and sympathetic audience, demanding that they should not be deprived of their rights.  But the members of the Reichstag were very anxious to please their constituents by securing this board of arbitration, so without compunction, they knocked out the franchise for women, passed the bill, and it received the official signature.
   All of which goes to prove, of course, that whenever women want the suffrage they can have it.
                                     International Suffrage Alliance.
   By the way, while the advanced women have been gathered here from all parts of the earth, advantage has been taken of the opportunity to form an International Woman Suffrage Alliance.  It has no connection whatever with the council, except that a number of the same persons were delegates to both organizations.  Like the council this alliance had its inception in the United States.  It was the dream of Mrs. Stanton and Miss Anthony twenty years ago, and it finally took definite shape in a call by Mars. Chapman Catt, president of the National Suffrage Association, for delegates to meet in Washington in 1902.  A number of countries responded and an international committee was formed, with Miss Anthony as president and Mrs. Chapman Catt as secretary.  Its members have been actively organizing for the past year and ten countries were represented at this Berlin meeting.
   At the reading of the declaration of principles, which it is hardly necessary to say was prepared in the United States, several interesting points developed, one of them that there is no German word for "co-operation."  There was such vehement protest from the European women against using the word 'tyranny' that it became necessary to substitute "abuse of power."  The first paragraph was satisfactory to all; it asserted that men and women are born equally free and independent members of the human race, and are equally entitled to the free exercise of their individual rights and liberty; it condemned taxation without representation, and demanded the ballot and all political rights.  Then came the second:
   "Self government in the home and state is the inalienable right of every normal adult, and in consequence no individual woman can 'owe obedience' to an individual man, as prescribed by the old marriage forms, nor can women, as a whole owe obedience to men, as a whole, as required by modern government."
                                                  Divided over "Obey."
   At this the body rose in revolt.  The women of the English church declared that if they didn't promise to "obey" they couldn't get married at all; the German women said the word was not in their marriage ceremony and they didn't want the question agitated.  Some of the delegates insisted that this resolution would create hostility against the whole platform, while others were not sure but that wives ought to obey their husbands, so finally to preserve harmony the paragraph was eliminated, and now there is nothing in the constitution to prevent any wife from rendering full obedience to her lord and master.
   The United States, England, Germany, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Australia joined this international alliance, whose object is "to secure the enfranchisement of women of all nations, and to unite the friends of women suffrage throughout the world in organized co-operation and fraternal helpfulness."  France, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland will soon affiliate.
   Miss Anthony was made honorary president; Mrs. Chapman Catt, president; Mrs. Rachel Foster Avery, for twenty-one years corresponding secretary of the National Suffrage Association, takes the same office in the allliance.  There was a protest from the United States against accepting the most important positions, but it was the unanimous request of the delegates.  Fraulein Anita Augsburg, the first woman doctor of jurisprudence in Germany, and Mrs. Millicent Garrett Fawcell, of England, are vice presidents; Kathe Schirmacher, Ph. D., author and linguist of Paris, and Fraulein Joanna Naber, leader of the suffrage movement in Holland, secretaries; 'Miss Rodger Cunliffe, a talented young writer of England, treasurer.
   With the adoption of woman suffrage as a part of the work of the International Council and the forming of an International Suffrage Alliance, the month of June, 1904, has witnessed the most important action ever taken in what has now become a world movement of women to obtain political rights.
                                                   Fast Pace in Entertaining.
   This Berlin congress has set a pace in social entertainment which it seems hardly possible can ever be equaled.  Five invitations for one afternoon have not been unusual.  The opening of the congress was preceded Sunday evening by a concert such as one can have only in Germany, the orchestra composed of one hundred young women, perfectly trained by a woman leader.  It was given in Philharmonie Hall, and followed by a banquet to 2,000 guests.  A theater was rented for another evening by the Berlin committee, which invited the delegates and speakers to a concert by the best artists in the city.  At another time all were taken to a fine play in one of the large theaters.  Musicales have been given in private residences with musicians from renowned opera companies.  Many of the most beautiful homes have been opened for dinners, luncheons and receptions.  One noticeable afternoon-tea was given in the large rooms of the German Woman's Club, the hostesses all doctors of philosophy and most of the guests graduates of the German universities.  This occasion was honored by the presence of many distinguished men who are university professors.  The especially interesting features of the homes in Berlin, as in other European cities, are the paintings, marbles, bronzes tapestries, porcelains, and rare antiques, such as it is almost impossible to secure for American homes.
                                            Delights of Garden Parties
   The entertainments, which beyond all others have called forth the most enthusiasm and delight have been the garden parties.  There are few other cities, if any, in which private mansions are surrounded by such grounds as in Berlin.  The trees showing growth of half-a-century or more, the luxuriance of vines and shrubs which hardly can be put into words, fountains and statues, the wealth of roses and other fragrant flowers, the long stretch of green turf, realize one's dream of a modern Paradise.  But even These are surpassed by the magnificent country estates, whose gardens are terraced down to the shores of river or lake.  Afternoon parties have been given at half a dozen of these, the guests going out by train and the government itself dividing courtesies with the hostesses by placing its own pretty boats at their service for little trips on the water.
  One of the largest museums in Berlin excluded all sight seers for the afternoon, transformed its main hall into a handsome drawing room and entertained the visitors with an elaborate "tea."  For three afternoons the Lette-Verein kept open house for the foreign guests, and no other experience of these wonderful weeks called forth such exclamations of surprise and delight.  This Lette-Verein is the largest and most complete school in existence for training girls in the domestic arts and sciences and is now over forty years old.  Every detail of cooking is taught, from the simplest preparation of food to the highest skill of the professional caterer.  Needlework is taught with the same thoroughness, from mending a towel, all through dressmaking, millinery, infant's wardrobes, and the most exquisite embroidery.  Pupils learn every kind of laundry work, even that of cleaning the most delicate laces.  Room after room was filled with the marvelous results of their training.
                                                  School for the Housewife.
   The most remarkable part of it is that this school is not to prepare girls for earning a livelihood, but on the contrary the students are sent here by parents of means from all parts of Germany to be trained for this work in their homes, both before and after marriage.  It is a striking illustration of the care that is taken here to develop the "housefrau," the home woman.  There is what might be called a post graduate course in photography and book-binding, and those taking it are able to secure excellent positions.  They are taught to do the finest book binding for which Berlin is noted, and a number of women here own and manage photograph studios.
   At every entertainment, no matter of what nature, the most bountiful refreshments are served.  Eating in Germany seems to be a continuous performance.  We learn that on the several occasions when foreign delegates went over to our women's meetings in the United States, they almost starved to death.  What especially amazed them was that we could come home from an evening meeting go to bed at midnight without a supper.  Here the custom is a light breakfast at


seven or eight o'clock, a second with eggs
and meat at eleven: a dinner with many
courses at two; a hearty supper at seven;
and a lighter supper at bed time. We cannot
find any period in which to work for
there does not seem to de any forenoon,
any afternoon or any evening.
   The quantity of meat consumed is astonishing. 
We have been to evening banquets 
where ten kinds of meat have been
served, and one portion was all that a 
person could have eaten, according to
our ideas.  In the hall where the congress
is held are half a dozen eating places, at
which everything may be had from  a
cup of coffee to a full meal: and in the back
of each room where the speaking is going
on are long tables from which refreshments 
are being served,  Perhaps this
might be a wise provision everywhere to
enable an audience to keep up under the
speeches inflicted. Even at committee
meetings little ''spreads'' are set forth.
 Drinking keeps pace with eating. Bottles 
and pitchers are as  thickly scattered
as knives and forks. Wine and punches
under all sorts of names are served on
every occasion. On the reporter's tables
are rows of bottles of carbonated water
from which they partake freely to counteract 
the effect of dry papers and discussions.
      Confronted by a Schooner of Beer
 One of our ladies who is a total abstainer 
was invited to address a working
women's meeting (not connected with the
council) and when she stood up at the 
reading desk she was confronted with a
huge schooner of beer. it would be interesting 
and valuable whether
all this eating and drinking has any
ill effects. whether the Germans are less
healthy and shorter lived than the Americans,
whether they are having a lot of
good times with no penalty attached,
while we are missing all the fan and getting
nothing in particular as a reward for
it, Certainly it is the unanimous opinion
of our delegates that never anywhere
have we seen as fine, strong,
healthy and contented looking women as
right here in the heart of the German
Empire.

TELEPHONE 3923 MADISON SQ. 
Intended for [*Mary C. Terrell*]
"O wad some power the giftie gi'e us 
To see oursel's as ithers see us."

HENRY ROMEIKE, Inc.

110-112 West 26th St. N.Y. City. 
CABLE ADDRESS       NEW YORK
"ROMEIKE"  NEW YORK 

Ruck

 Ausschnitt aus. Sept 20-1907
vom: 20SEPT.1907 Volkswille Karlsbad Bohmen
Die Sklaverei in Amerika ift vor 40 Jahren
abgefchafft, und dennoch eriftiert siefelbe noch beute in den
Südstaaten, uber die Miss M.. Terrel in Dem "Nineteenth
Century" Staunen erregende Enthullungen bringt. 
Diejenigen, bie Urbeitter für ihre Farmen, 
Gagemüglen,
Bauplake, Brennereien,  Robhlen ober Bhosphorminen benotigen, 
oder welche grosse Rontrafte irgendivelcher  Aet 
baben, mieten Gtraflinge von der betreffenden Brovinzialober
Gtaatsregierung, welche fie an ben bochftbietenden
vermietet, in LBirflichfeit dem Meiftbietenben die Macht uber
Leben und Tob ber ungludlidgen Manner und Frauen
eimraumt. Fe mebr Arbeit ber Bachter aus ben Gtraflinger
herausbefommt, befto mehr Gelb fliegt in feine
Lafdjen En Georgia gibt es gegenwartig 1500 Manner,
welche am 1. April 1904 auf eine Beriobe von 5 Jahren
an ben Meiftbietenben vermietet wurben. Babreno in
fruheren Zahren bie farbig Benolterung urfpringlich allein
fur biefe moberne Gflavenhalterei in Frage fam, erlitten
in jungiter Beit auch zahlreidge Beige basfelbe bebauernswerte
Edhidfal...zm vergangenen Dfrober wurbe eine
wohlhabende Familie in Urfanfas uverfuhrt, zwei weifze
Mabdhett, von St. Louis Mo. tommend, gefangen gehalten
zu haben. Das Urteil lautete auf 1000 Dollar Gelbftrafe.
Der Farmer, der die Madchen veranlagt hatte, von Missouri
nach Urfanfas zu fommen, machte fie einfach zu Sflaven
zm fleichen Monat murde befannt, bag 1000 weige
Mabdjen, bie redhtlich Crben von grofen mertvollen
Balbungen in Florida waren, Mannerfleibung trugen und
Seite bei Seite mit ben Negren arbeiten mugten, bie ebenfo
wie fie in Sffaverei gehalten wurden. Diefe Mabden follen
als fleine Rinder fur ein Spottgeld an die reichen Dolzhundler
end Schwefelbergwertbefizer an bie reidjen Bolzhundler
und Schwefelbergwerfbefizer verfauft worben fein.
Die Armen erhalten nichts fur ihre Arbeit. Diw Sflaven
werben faltvlutia erfchoffen, wenn fie ben Gehorfam verfagen.

The Age
TWENTY FOUR PAGES.
PRICE ONE PENNY.
MELBOURNE, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1907.

SLAVERY IN THE STATES.
[*1907*]
Miss Mary Church Terrell in the
August number of the "Nineteenth
Century" in an amazing article, entitled
Peonage in the United States, declares
that:–"As the chain gangs
and the convict lease system are operated 
in the South to-day they violate the law
against peonage, the constitutionality of 
which was affirmed by the Supreme Court
two years ago." In these chain gangs and 
convict lease camps, she alleges, "are thousands
of colored people, men, women and 
children, who are enduring a bondage, in 
some respects more cruel and more crushing
than that from which their parents
were emancipated 40 years ago. Under this
modern regime of slavery thousands of 
colored people, frequently upon trumped 
up charges or for offences which in a civilised
community would hardly land them in 
goal, are thrown into dark, damp, disease-breeding
cells, whose cubic contents are less
than those of a good sized grave, are overworked, 
underfed, and only partially covered 
with vermin infested rags. 
"The plan of hiring out short term convicts 
to an individual or a company of individuals
who needed laborers was adopted
by the Southern States shortly after the 
war, not from choice, it is claimed, but because
there was neither sufficient number 
of goals nor money enough to build them. 
Those who need laborers for their farms, 
saw mills, brick yards, turpentine distilleries,
coal or phosphate mines, or who 
have large contracts of various kinds, lease
the misdemeanants from the county or
State, which sells them to the highest bidder
with merciless disregard of the fact 
that they are human beings, and practically
gives the lessee the power of life and 
death over the unfortunate man or woman
thus raffled off. The more work the lessee
gets out of the convict, the more money 
goes into his gaping purse. Doctors cannot
be employed without the expenditure
of money, while fresh victims may be secured
by the outlay of little cash when convicts
succumb to disease and neglect. From
a purely business standpoint therefore it
is much more profitable to get as much 
work out of a convict as can be wrung
from him at the smallest possible expense,
and then lay in a fresh supply, when necessary,
than it is to clothe, and shelter,
and feed him properly, and spend money
trying to preserve his health.
"While colored people were originally the 
only ones affected to any great extent by 
the practice of peonage in the Southern
States, in recent years white people in 
increasingly large numbers have been doomed
to the same fate . . . . Last October
a wealthy family, living in Arkansaw, was 
convicted of holding two white girls from 
St. Louis, Mo., in peonage, and was forced 
to pay one of the white slaves 1000 dol.
damages and the other 625 dol. The farmer 
had induced the girls to come from 
Missouri to Arkansaw, and then promptly 
reduced them to the condition of slaves. 
"In the same month of October came the
startling announcement that 1000 white 
girls, who are rightful heiresses to valuable
timber lands in the wilds of the Florida
pine woods, wear men's clothing and work
side by side with colored men who are held 
in slavery as well as the girls. Stories
of the treatment accorded these white slave
girls of Florida, which reached the ears
of the Washington officials, equal in cruelty 
some of the tales related in 'Uncle Tom's 
Cabin' by Harriet Beecher Stowe. In the 
black depths of pine woods, living in huts

never seen by civilized white men other 
than bosses of the turpentine camps,
girls are said to have grown old in servitude.
These girls who are said to be the daughters
of crackers who, like fathers in pre-historic
times, little value the birth of a
girl, and sell the best years of their daughters'
lives to the turpentine or sulphur
miners and to the lumber men for a mere
song. To be discharged from one of these
camps means death to an employe. Since
they receive nothing for their services,
their dismissal is no revenge for an angered
foreman or boss. The slaves are too mumerous
to be beaten, and it is said to be
a part of the system never to whip an employe,
but invariably to shoot the doomed
man or woman upon the slightest provocation,
so that the others might be kept
in constant subjection.
"There are in Georgia at the present
time," says Miss Terrell, "1500 men who
were sold to the highest bidder the 1st of
April, 1904, for a period of five years. The
Durham Coal and Coke Company leased
150 convicts, paying for them from 228 dol.
to 252 dol. apiece per annum. The Flower
Brothers Lumber Company leased 100 and
paid 240 dol. apiece for them for a year.
Hamby and Toomer leased 500, paying 221
dol. a head. The Lookout Mountain Coal
and Coke Company took 100 at 223 dol. 75
c. a head. The Chattahoochee Brick Company
secured 175 men at 223 dol. 75 c.
apiece per annum. E. J. M'Ree took 100
men and paid 220 dol. 25 c. for each. In
its report the Prison Commission points
with great pride to the fact that for five
years, from the 1st April, 1904, to the 1st
April, 1909, this batch of prisoners alone
will pour annually into the State coffers
the gross sum of 340,000 dol., with a net
of 225,000 dol., which will be distributed
proportionately among the various counties
for school purposes."

Izwi Labantu.
NGOLWESI-BINI, APRIL. 10, '06.

Daughters of Afric.
Mrs Mary Church Terrell a gifted
Afro-American woman has well said--
"No people need ever despair when
their women are willing and active in
trying to uplift a race." Does the
Bantu woman measure up to this
standard? Until this question is
answered in the affirmative we fear
that the progress of the black man in
South Africa is bound in shallows.
The active interest of the women is
essential to race growth and prosperity,
and the absence of vital energy
so conspicuous in the average educated
black man may be traced to the condition
of their womenfolk. Until the
Bantu women are aroused by some
clarion voice in the pulpit to a sense
of their responsibility for the moral
and intellectual uplift of the people,
the children of Ham must sink lower
in the scale of humanity and civilisation
than their ancient paganism.
Already there are ominous signs of
apathy among Christian women, and
the young women especially, toward
all those vital questions which concern
the general welfare of the race,
and a lack of spiritual and intellectual
vitality permeates the fabric of christian
Society which spells social
degradation, corruption and death.

Daughters of Afric--those voices are calling
you,
Calling you now to be faithful and true,
True to yourselves, to your cause, and your
kindred,
True to your country--to dare and to do.
Daughters of Afric--those voices are calling
you,
Will you not lighten our burden of care.
Hands to the suffering, help to the perishing,
Hasten to answer the voice of despair.
Daughters of Afric--the voice of compassion
Speaks to your hearts--to its counsels give
ear.
With faith strong and tender, O! tarry no
longer
But lessen the burdens that men have to bear.
Daughters of Afric--those voices are calling
you,
Calling you now to be faithful and true,
Rouse ye! to help your poor sisters and
brothers,
Lend them fresh courage--to dare and to do.
See how they falter, the weak and the wayward
The aged and feeble, fall out by the way,
Will you be deaf to the cry of the helpless?
Rouse ye to action, to duty, to-day.
Daughters of Afric--those voices are calling
you,
Calling you now to be faithful and true,
True to yourselves, to your cause, and your
kindred,
True to your country--to dare and to do.
A. K. SOGA.

BIG COMPANY AT BANQUET.
[*Boston Globe Nov. 8. 1906*]
Annual Ladies' Festival of the Boston
Baptist Social Union.

REV HUGH BLACK.
MRS MARY CHURCH TERRELL
Of Washington, D C.

The Boston Baptist social union held 
its 42d annual ladies' festival in Ford 
hall last evening, when 780 plates were 
laid at dinner and quite a large number 
in addition were seated during the entertainment 
which followed. Pres Geo.
W. Coleman presided and welcomed the
large number of women present.
Rev Dr James J. Dunlop pronounced
the invocation, Sam Walter Foss read
from his poems, there was music by the
Boston university glee club and an orchestra
and addresses were made by
Rev Hugh Black of the Union theological
seminary and formerly of Edinburg,
on "Righteousness Exalteth a Nation,"
and Mrs Mary Church Terrell, wife of
Judge Robert H. Terrell of the federal
court in Washington, and one of the 
most talented colored women of America,
on "The Progress of a People."
Other guests of the club were Rev Dr
John L. Campbell of the First Baptist
church in Cambridge, Mrs. George W.
Clapp, president of the Woman's Baptist
social union, Pres Jesse E. Perry
of the Young Men's Baptist social
union, Pres Samuel Usher of the Congregational
club and Pres George H. 
Maxwell of the Methodist social union.

THE BOSTON JOURNAL
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1906

SCOTTISH DIVINE SAYS HELL
IS CITY MUCH LIKE New York

About 700 members of the Boston Baptist
Social Union observed their forty-
second ladies night festival last evening
with a reception and banquet in the
Ford Building, and listened to addresses
by the Rev. Hough Black of Scotland
and Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of 
Washington, D.C.  Dr. Black in his address
on "Righteousness Exalteth a Nation"
spoke of the difficulty he experienced in 
trying to understand New York politics,
and declared that, to his mind, hell is a 
city such like New York.

Mrs. Terrell spoke of the obstacles
to the colored man's success in the way
of trade discriminations and hostile
labor organizations.  She paid a splendid
tribute to the colored women who having
educated themselves, are now working
hard to improve their own people
by the establishment of day nurseries
and kindergartens and by setting themselves
a high moral standards for their
race to follow.

Mrs. Mary C. Terrell,          Rev. Hough Black
Two prominent speakers at fort-second annual Ladies' Night of Boston
Baptist Social Union.

BAPTISTS HAVE LADIES' NIGHT
[*Nov. 8 1906*]
Social Union Listens to Addresses by Rev
Hugh Black and Mrs. Terrell

[*Transcript - 82*]

Members of the Boston Baptist Social
Union, about seven hundred of them, 
observed their forty-second ladies' night in
Ford Hall last evening.  They feature of
the occasion was an address by Rev.
Hugh Black of Scotland and Mrs. Mary
Church Terrell of Washington.

Mr. Black's subject was "Righteousness
Exalteth a Nation," and Mrs. Terrell
gave her hearers an insight into the
progress being made by the Negroes of
the South.  It has been urged by some
people, she said, that the Negroes are
deserting the trades in the desire for
higher education.  The truth is that in
some sections of the country they are
beginning to feel a little disheartened.
It is not the shiftlessness of the Negro
which leads him to desert the trade.
Almost everything that is worth while in
the South has been done by him.  It is
the subtle, grim, wicked determination
of the trades unions to shut the Negro
out, and the trades unions in certain 
sections of this country have issued the
cruel edict that no blacks need apply.

During the evening there was an
entertainment to which Sam Walter Foss
contributed several readings:  and the
Boston University Glee Club sang.

"Ladies' Night."        *Boston Herald*
Banquet and Reception of the Boston
Baptist Social Union.
"Ladies' night" of the Boston Baptist        * [??] 8 1906*
Social Union was observed last evening
by a reception in the Ford building, followed
by a banquet. It was the 42nd annual
affair of the kind. The invocation
was given by the Rev. James J.
Dunlop.
The after dinner programme opened
with the hymn "Praise to Thee, Thou
Great Creator" by the company. President
George W. Coleman made an address
of welcome and the Boston University
Glee Club sang "Comrades in
Arms." Sam Walter Foss followed
with an author's reading. The first address
was by Mrs. Mary Church Terrill
on "A People's Progress."
She spoke of the great debt of gratitude
the colored people owe to their
friends in the North. The Rev. Hugh
Black of Edinburgh, who has recently
been appointed to a professorship in
Union Theological Seminary in New
York, also spoke.
The special guests of the evening
were the Rev. Hugh Black, Union Theological
Seminary; Mrs. Mary Church
Terrill, Washington, D. C.; Sam Walter
Foss, the Rev. James J. Dunlop, the
Rev. J. L. Campbell, Samuel Usher,
president Congregational Club; George
H. Maxwell, president Methodist Social
Union; Mrs. George W. Clapp, president
Woman's Baptist Social Union;
Jesse E. Perry, president Young Men's
Baptist Social Union. The company
numbered about 500.

ELKHART REVIEW.
Thursday, January 4, 1906.
IN BEHALF OF THE NEGRO.
One of the Race Gives Address Before
Lecture Association.
The intensely silent and sustained
attention which the big audience at
the Bucklen on Wednesday evening
accorded Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
of Washington, in her address on the
engro question under the auspices of
the Elkhart Lecture Association, was
a tribute to her eloquence, a yielding
to the delightful modulation of her
voice and the extreme culture which
her fluent and excellency chosen
English indicated rather than because
of a complete sympathy with
her theme - "The Bright Side of a
Dark Subject."
Certain it is that Mrs. Terrell in
a convincing manner told many
truths which are necessary at times
to enunciate in behalf of the freedman,
and showed the negro's comparative
lack of development was
not entirely his own fault, and that
the superior race had an obligation
to the extent of giving him a fair
chance and of encouraging him rather
than discouraging him, as, she 
said, so many of the modern day philosophers 
were engaged in doing. She
laid much stress on the disaster to
any race in abandoning hope and
ambition, as, she said, the negro had
been advised to do.
Answering the assertion that the
negro was leaving the mechanical 
trades because he regarded himself
"educated beyond that" she declared
that trades unionism in some sections
of the land put up a bar that
kept him from a livelihood in the
trades, and she asserted that there
were perhaps today more skilled men
among the blacks than there were
jobs they could accept with impunity.
In the south, she said, were contract
labor, penal and other systems of negro
subjection that were more diabolical
than the outrages in the south
less than fifteen per cent were for
the crime for which lynching is
most generally justified. The negro's
patriotism as a soldier had
never been blemished, and the first
blood shed in the American revolution
was that of a negro who was
leading a band of patriots against
British soldiery.
The negro's happy disposition, Mrs.
Terrell declared, was a God-given
characteristic that helped to neutralize
the onerous conditions in which
the present found him.
Mrs. Terrell's chief plea was that
the negro as a race be not deprived
of the privileges that are vouchsafed
all other races in striving to reach
the goal of highest possible development.
Her individual impression
on the audience was favorable and
the hearers remained seated at the
close long enough to give an enthusiastic 
round of applause.
The next number in this course
will be Mr. G. A. Gearheart on January
23.

*[Jau] 4 1906*
DAILY TRUTH
*[?elkhart ?ud]*
PLEA FOR THE NEGRO
Made by Educated Colored Woman in
Lecture Last Night.
Despite the disagreeable weather
last evening, the usual Lecture Association 
audience assembled at the
Bucklen opera house to her the negro
question discussed by Mary
Church Terrell, an educated colored
woman of Washington, D. C. The
speaker, a woman of pleasing personality,
of a light complexion and with
straight hair, evidently of mulatto
descent, has a well modulated
voice and her diction
is faultless. Her lecture
was a plea for the negro race. She
said it had profited by its period of
bondage and had shown unprecedented 
progress in the short time of
its emancipation. She pointed to negro
leaders in literature, music and
commerce and gave statistics to show
the advancement made educationally
and domestically by the race since the
Civil War. Southern racial strife
was described by the lecturer with a
protest. She said the negro has his
faults but they are outweighed by
 his virtues and she predicted an honorable
future for the race

Afro-American Bank in Memphis.
Afro-American Bank in Memphis.
The Solvent Savings Bank and Trust
Company, of Memphis, Tenn., which is
owned and controlled entirely by
Afro-Americans, has made application
for a charter under the laws of that
State, and will open for business in a
few days. The capital stick is $25,000.
Among the incorporators is R. R.
Church, one of the wealthiest Afro-Americans 
in the South.
[*Appeal Mar, 17 1906*]

TELEPHONE 3923 MADISON SQ.
Intended for [*37 Miss M. C. Terrell*]
"O was some power the giftie gi'e us
To see oursel's as ithers see us."
HENRY ROMEIKE, INC.
110-112 West 26th St. N. Y. City.
CABLE ADDRESS,
NEW YORK
"ROMEIKE" NEW YORK
The First Established and Most Complete
Newspaper Cutting Bureau in the World
From [*NEWS*]
Address [*BALTIMORE, M.E.*]
Date [*APR 19 1907*]
DISTINGUISHED NEGROES
Not A Few Who Have Gone TO The
Front And Attained Fame.
(From the New York Times)
Junius C. Groves of Kansas produces
75,000 bushels of patatoes every year, the
world's record. Alfred Smith received
the blue ribbon at the World's Fair and
first prize in England for his Oklahoma-
raised cotton.
Some of the 35 patented devices of
Granville T. Wood, the electrician, form
part of the systems of the New York
elevated railways and the Bell Telephone
Company. W. Sidney Pitman drew the
design for the Collis P. Huntington memorial
building, the largest and finest
in Tuskegee. Daniel H. Williams, M. D.,
of Chicago, was the first surgeon to
sew up and heal a wounded human
heart. Mary Church Terrill addressed in
three languages at Berlin recently the
International Association for the
Advancement of Women. Edward H. Morris
won his suit between Cook County
and the City of Chicago, and has a law
practice worth $20,000 a year.
Messrs. Cole and Johnson have collected
royalties on over a million copies
of their popular songs. Lieut. Walter H.
Loving's Filipino Band at the the St. Louis
Exposition was declared superior to
many better-known bands. Edmonia
Lewis, who sculpted "The Marriage of
Hiawatha" and the San Jose bust of Lincoln,
is living abroad; her first exhibition
took place in Boston in 1865. The
French Government has Henry O: Tanner's
painting, "The Raising of Lazarus,"
on the walls of the Luxembourg.
This is a better roll of honor than a
list of places filled by colored folks to
political offices. The Moses of his race,
Booker Taliaferro Washington, is in
the prime of life.

TELEPHONE 1118 GRAMERCY
Intended for * 34 M. C. Terrell *
"O was some power the giftie gi'e us
To see oursel's as ithers see us."
HENRY ROMEIKE, INC.
33 UNION SQUARE, BROADWAY
CABLE ADDRESS,                   NEW YORK
"ROMEIKE" NEW YORK
The First Established and Most Complete
Newspaper Cutting Bureau in the World
From......
Address......
Date...... *1907*
WHAT THE NEGRO HAS DONE
MEN OF THE RACE WHO ARE AT
THE TOP OF THEIR CALLINGS.
Great Things Booker T. Washington Has
Accomplished-Painters, Sculptors and
Musicians Who Have Won Fame in
Rivalry With Whites - Skillful Farmers.
Booker T. Washington is the foremost
negro in America. He stands at the head
of his race as an educator and moulder of
thought. He believes in training the
hands as well as the brain and in training
hands and brain together. When Washington
founded the Tuskegee Normal and
Industrial Institute he had no money and
the school had none. During the first year
he was its only teacher, and the thirty
pupils were given instruction in an old
church and a dilapidated shanty loaned by
the colored people of the neighborhood.
The institute now owns 2,000 acres of
land, eighty-three buildings, dwellings,
dormitories, classrooms, shops and barns,
livestock, farm implements, &c., all valued
at $85,000. This does not. include 22,000
acres of public lands granted by Congress,
valued at $135,000, or the endowment fund of
$1,275,000. The institute now has more than
1.800 pupils in all its departments and is
growing every year. This is the quarter
of a century record of a negro who believes
in improving his race by teaching the
honorableness of work.
Henry O. Tanner is a negro artist who has
gained an international reputation. He
studied in Philadelphia and later in Paris.
His picture "Daniel in the Lion's Den" was
bought by the Pennsylvania Academy, 
and later "The Raising of Lazarus" was
purchased by the French Government and
now hangs on the walls of the Luxembourg.
Another work of his, "The Two Disciples at
the Tomb," was purchased for the art collection
of the Museum of Chicago. He has
received the Walter Lippincott prize offered
by the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine
Arts and the Harris prize for the best exhibit
shown in the Chicago Art Institute

Edmonia Lewis, the colored sculptress,
has lived abroad so long that many people
do not know that she was born in the vicinity
of Albany, N. Y. She is quite an old woman
now, her first exhibition having been made
in Boston in 1865. Her statue "The Freed-
woman" was completed prior to her departure
for Rome. Upon her arrival in the
Eternal City of her work gave so much evidence
of genuine talent that she was befriended 
by Harriet Hosmer, Charlotte
Cushman and others. Two of the finest
specimens of her work are New York, and the
portrait bust of Abraham Lincoln which is
in San José, Cal.
A prominent figure in the musical world
is Lieut, Walter H. Loving, the negro bandmaster,
who captivated the crowd at the
St. Louis exposition with his Filipino band
of eighty pieces. The best bands in the
world came to participate in the musical
contest at St. Louis, and Loving got second
prize, defeating famous organizations like
Sousa's the Mexican National Band and
the Royal Band of England. The first
prize was won by the French musicians,
but there were many who said that the
Filipinos were as good. Lieut. Loving
is a native of St. Paul, Minn. He studied
in Boston and organized two army bands
before going to the Philippines, where he
had to master the Spanish, Tagalog and
Ilooano languages in order to make himself
understood by his men. He rehearsed
eight hours a day on the ship which brought
his band to America and continued the
daily drill until the opening of the exposition,
at which time his men were thoroughly
familiar with more than a thousand
selections.
Cole and Johnson are not only successful
actors but composers of popular airs as
well. They wrote "The Mississippi belle,"
which was sung by May Irwin, and many
other well known pieces, such as "Under
the Bamboo Tree," "The Congo Love Song,"
"The Maiden With the Dreamy Eyes,"
"Floating Down the Nile," "Lindy" and
others. The publishers have sold over a 
million copies of their different songs and
the authors received a royalty of five cents
on each copy sold.
Edward H. Morris of Chicago is perhaps
the most successful lawyer of the negro
race. He was originally from Kentucky
and made a reputation a few years ago by
winning a suit in which Cook county and
the city of Chicago were involved. Another
important case which he won was
concerning the question of taxing the net
receipts of a big insurance company. Morris
is said to have a practice worth $20,000 a
year.


Mary Church Terrill, a negro, was the
first woman appointed on the Board of
Education in the District of Columbia,
and not long ago, when she went to Berlin
to attend the meeting of the International
Association for the Advancement of Women,
she surprised the entire assemblage by
being able to deliver her address in three
languages. She was formerly from Memphis.
She now devotes much time to lecturing
on subjects concerning the welfare of
the negro race.
Several years ago, when a fight occurred
in Chicago, on of the combatants received
a stab wound in the heart. The first
physician to reach the apparently doomed
man was Dr. Daniel H. Williams, a negro
practitioner, who succeeded in sewing up
the man's heart. The was the first time
any such operation was ever reported in
the history of medicine. Lr. Williams
served on the Illinois State Board of Health.
The plans for the handsome building
which will contain the negro exhibit at the
Jamestown exposition next summer were
drawn by W. Sydney Pittman, a negro
architect, who started in to learn the trade
of wheelwright at Tuskegee. His unusual
ability in making accurate estimates of
the cost of production attracted the attention
of his teachers, who advised him to
begin the study of architectural drawing.
He drew the design for the Collis P. Huntington
memorial building at Tuskegee, which
has forty-one classrooms and is the largest
building on the ground.
The most successful inventor of the
negro race is said to be Granville T. Wood,
an electrician, who has patented thirty-
five different mechanical devices. These
include a steam boiler furnace, four kinds
of electrical apparatus, four electric railway
improvements, two electrical brakes and
a telephone system. The latter is used by
the Bell Telephone Company, and one of
his electrical devices is in use on the elevated
railway in New York.
The champion cotton raiser of Oklahoma
is a colored man named Alfred Smith.
He has not only taken all the premiums
offered in that State for the first and best
cotton but his product received the
blue ribbon at the World's Fair and first
prize in England. Smith was born near
Atlanta and says that when Sherman
marched through he was ploughing near by
with an old gray mule. Another colored
farmer who has become noted in his State
is Junius G. Groves of Kansas, who owns
500 acres of fine land in the Kaw Valley.
Groves raises about 75,000 bushels of
potatoes every year, which is considerably
more than is produced by any other
individual grower in the world.

TELEPHONE 118-GRAMERCY
Intended for [?] Terrell
"O wad some power the giftie gi'e us
To see oursel's as ithers see us."
HENRY ROMEIKE, Inc.
33 UNION SQUARE, BROADWAY
CABLE ADDRESS,
"ROMEIKE," NEW YORK
NEW YORK
The First Established and Most Complete
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From HERALD
Address
Date JAN 21 1907

INSTANCES OF
NEGRO SUCCESS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN
The trouble with the negro soldiers at
Brownsville, and race disturbances
elsewhere, have caused so much feeling that
one wonders what is to come of the whole
sorry business. The worst side of negro
character has had a thorough airing; the
faults and shortcomings of the black man
have been laid bare to the bone. Can any
good be said of him? Is he doing
anything commendable? Without attempting
to raise the race question, or solve it for
any particular community where it may
be an issue, I offer herewith a collection
of specific instances of negro success. It
ought to cause us to encourage the negro
to go to work and try to do something
for himself instead of brooding over the
cheerlessness of his lot.
---
Booker T. Washington is the foremost
negro in America. He stands at the head
of his race as an educator and molder
of thought. He believes in training the
hands as well as the brain, and to train
hands and brain together. When
Washington founded the Tuskegee Normal and
Industrial Institute he had no money, and
the school had none. During the first
year he was its only teacher, and the
thirty pupils were given instruction in an
old church and a dilapidated shanty lent
by the colored people of the
neighborhood.
The Institute now owns 2,000 acres of
land, eighty-three buildings, dwellings,
dormitories, classrooms, shops, and barns,
live stock, farm implements, &c., all
valued at $85,000. This does not include 22,000
acres of public lands granted by Congress,
valued at $135,000, nor the endowment fund
of $1,275,000. The institute now has over
1,800 pupils in all its departments, and is
growing every year. This is the
quarter-of-a-century record of a negro who
believes in improving his race by teaching
the honorableness of work.

Henry Ossawa Tanner is a negro artist who
has gained an international reputation.
He studied in Philadelphia, and later in
Paris. His picture "Daniel in the Lion's
Den," was bought by the Pennsylvania
Academy, and later "The Raising of
Lazarus" was purchased by the French
government and now hangs on the walls
of the Luxembourg. Another work of
his, "The Two Disciples at the Tomb,"
was purchased for the art collection of
the Museum of Chicago. He has been
awarded both the Walter Lippincott prize
offered by the Pennsylvania Academy of
Fine Arts, and the Harris prize for the
best exhibit shown in the Chicago Art
Institute.
---
Edmonia Lewis, the colored sculptress,
has lived abroad so long that many
people do not know that she was born in the
vicinity of Albany, N. Y. She is quite
an old woman now, her first exhibition
having been made in Boston in 1865. Her
statue "The Freedwoman" was completed
prior to her departure for Rome. Upon
her arrival in the Eternal City her work
gave so much evidence of genuine talent
that she was greatly befriended by
Harriet Hosmer, Charlotte Cushman, and
others. Two of the finest specimens of
her work are "The Marriage of
Hiawatha," owned in New York, and the
portrait bust of Abraham Lincoln, which
is in San Jose, Cal.
---
A prominent figure in the musical world
is Lieut. Walter H. Loving, the negro
bandmaster who captivated the crowd at
the St. Louis Exposition with his
Filipino band of eighty pieces. The best
bands in the world came to participate in
the musical contest at St. Louis, and
Loving was awarded second prize,
defeating famous organizations like Sousa's
the Mexican National Band, and the
Royal Band of England. The first prize
was won by the French musicians, but
there were many authorities who claimed
that the Filipinos were equally good.
Liut. Loving is a native of St. Paul,
Minn. He studied in Boston, and
organized two army bands before going to the
Philippines, where he had to master the
Spanish, Tagalog, and Hooano languages
in order to make himself understood by
his men. He rehearsed eight hours a day
on the ship which brought his band to
America, and continued the daily drill
until the opening of the exposition, at
which time his men were thoroughly
familiar with over a thousand selections.
---
Cole and Johnson are not only
successful actors, but composers of popular airs
as well. They wrote "The Mississippi
Belle," which was sung by May Irwin,
and many other well-known pieces, such
as "Under the Bamboo Tree," "The
Congo Love Song," "The Maiden with
the Dreamy Eyes," "Floating Down the
Nile," "Lindy," and others. The
publishers have sold over 1,000,000 copies of
their different songs, and the authors
received a royalty of 5 cents on each
copy sold. Cole and Johnson wrote all of the
music of "Humpty Dumpty," the big
extravaganza brought out by Klaw &
Erlanger. Other negroes who have been
successful on the stage are Black Patti,
the singer, and Williams and Walker, the
comedians.
Harry Burleigh, aside from being a
concert singer and composer of a higher
class of music than that produced by Cole
and Johnson, is the sole barytone at St.
George's Church, New York, which is
the place where Pierpont Morgan goes to
worship. Burleigh is a thoroughly trained,
all-round musician, for whose ability the
white members of his profession have
only words of compliment and praise.
---
Edward H. Morris, of Chicago, is
probably the most successful of the negro
race. He was originally from Kentucky,
and made a reputation a few years ago
by winning a suit in which Cook County
and the city of Chicago were involved.
Another important case which he won
was one concerning the question of
taxing the net receipts of a big insurance
company. Morris is said to have a
practice worth $20,000 a year.
---
Mary Church Terrell is doubtless the
most accomplished negro woman in
America. She was the first woman
appointed on the board of education in the
District of Columbia, and not long ago
when she went to Berlin to attend the
meeting of the International Association
for the Advancement of Women, she
surprised the entire assemblage by being
able to deliver her address in three
languages. She was formerly from Memphis.
She now devotes much time to lecturing
on subjects concerning the welfare of the
negro race.
---
Several years ago, when a fight
occurred in Chicago, one of the combatants
received a stab wound in the heart. The
first physician to reach the apparently
doomed man was Dr. Daniel H. Williams,
a negro practitioner, who succeeded in
sewing up the man's heart. This was the
first time any such operation was ever
reported in the history of medicine. At
the last account the patient in this re-
*Penelope took a long breath and started*

remarkable case was still alive. Dr.
Williams has since served on the Illinois
State Board of Health.
---
The plans for the handsome building
which will contain the negro exhibit at
the Jamestown Exposition next summer
were drawn by W. Sydney Pittman, a
negro architect, who started in to learn
the trade of wheelwright at Tuskegee.
His unusual ability in making accurate
estimates of the cost of production
attracted the attention of his teachers, who
advised him to begin the study of
architectural drawing. He drew the design
for the Collis P. Huntington memorial
building at Tuskegee, which has
forty-one class rooms, and is the largest
building on the grounds.
---
The most successful inventor of the
negro race is said to be Granville T.
Wood, an electrician, who has patented
thirty-five different mechanical devices.
These include a steam boiler furnace,
four kinds of electrical apparatus, four
electric railway improvements, two
electrical brakes, and a telephone system.
The latter is used by the Bell Telephone
Company, and one of his electrical
devices is in use on the elevated railway in
New York.
---
The champion light-weight prize fighter
of the world is Joe Gans, a Baltimore
negro. Although Gans has been in the
fistic game for sixteen years, he still
has enough steam and science to
defend his title against all corners in his
class. Last year he fought four times,
winning three of his battles by
knockouts, and gaining one on a foul. His
last victory was at Tonopah, Nev., on
New Year's Day.
---
The champion cotton raiser of Oklahoma
is a colored man named Alfred Smith.
He has not only taken all the premiums
offered in that State for the first and
best cotton, but his product has received
the blue ribbon at the World's Fair, and
first prize [II.] England. Smith was born
near Atlanta, and says that when
Sherman marched through he was plowing
near by with an old gray mule. Another
colored farmer who has become noted
in his State is Junius G. Groves, of
Kansas, who owns 500 acres of fine land in
the Kaw Valley. Groves raises about
75,000 bushels of potatoes every year,
which is considerably more than is
produced by any other individual grower
in the world.
---
To-morrow--"The Telephone in
America."

[*April 1907*]
Mrs. Mary
Church Terrell
Reports an interview with
William T. Stead, the great
English peace advocate, on the
race problem.
FRANK G. CARPENTER
Tells of the caravan routes
in the heart of the Sahara
Desert.
STERLING HEILIG
Has a talk with M. de Paris
on the passing of the
guillotine.
CLARENCE L. CULLEN
Bats a few outfielders on
the subject of base ball and
manuals of the game.
PERCY BREBNER
Adds another chapter to the
romance of "Princess
Maritza," told with a true
Zenda quality.
JOHN ELFRETH
WATKINS
Gives an account of
recent advancements in
photography and
telephotographic works.
IAN MACLAREN
Revives a historical
character in "Graham of
Claverhouse," who has long been a
theme of heated contention.
---
Other notable features of
The Saturday Star:
Stories for Little Men and
Little Women.
Things Heard and Seen.
Fashion Notes for Followers
of Style.
World-wide War.
What is Being Done to
Suppress Gambling.
---
READ THE
SATURDAY STAR.

[*.35*]
TELEPHONE 3923 MADISON SQ
Intended for [*Mrs Terrell*]
"O wad some power the giftie gi'e us
To see oursel's as ithers see us."
HENRY ROMEIKE, Inc.
110-112 West 26th St. N. Y. City.
CABLE ADDRESS,
"ROMEIKE" NEW YORK
NEW YORK
The First Established and Most Complete
Newspaper Cutting Bureau in the World
From [*STAR*]
Address [*WASHINGTON, D.C.*]
Date [*APR 20 1907*]

STEAD DEFENDS NEGRO
Mrs. Terrell Interviews the
English Peace Advocate.
AFRICANS AS SEEN IN AFRICA
Every Chance to Catch Up With Their
Fellows.
SQUARE DEAL FOR THE NATIVES
White Brothers Becoming Genuinely
Alarmed Over the Rapid Progress
of the Dark Races

Written for The Star
"No, indeed. I do not believe in putting
a protective tariff upon a race which has
had a good long start and lays claim to
superiority over another, so as to insure
this supremacy forever, and let the race
which has had hard luck and few chances
get along the best it can and take what
happens to be left."
Mr. Wm. T. Stead, who is nothing if not
original and emphatic, never said anything
with heartier enthusiasm than when he
expressed this opinion in Washington a few
days ago. It would be hard to find a man
more generous and broader in his attitude
toward the dark races of the earth than the
editor of the English Review of Reviews.
Since he has the courage of his convictions,
and strong, fearless language at his tongue's
end with which to express them, it is
decidedly entertaining and refreshing to hear
him talk on the subject.
I was so deeply impressed with Mr.
Stead's interest in the dark races when I
met him in London two years ago that I
determined to interview him on the race
problem in this country as soon as he wrote
me he intended to visit the United States.

But I soon discovered, when, in response to
an invitation, I called upon him and his
wife at their hotel, that interviewing Mr.
Stead on the race problem in London and
performing the same feat in the United
States are two different propositions. We
had hardly exchanged greetings before a
tall, thin, nervous gentleman appeared, to
whom I was introduced by Mr. Stead, who
stated that he was the editor of an
American magazine. Evidently divining my
intentions, the American editor dealt my
hopes a crushing blow on sight as follows:
The World Between Them.
"Mr. Stead and I have divided the world
between us. He has the eastern hemisphere
and I have the western. Mr. Stead can say
anything he pleases about affairs in the
eastern, can express himself about problems
affecting colored people over there, or
anything else, but he must absolutely refrain
from discussing that subject here.
"Why, I wouldn't discuss the race
problem as it manifests itself in the United
States for worlds," quickly interposed Mr.
Stead. "That would be exceedingly
indelicate and improper. I couldn't think of
outraging the proprieties to such an extent.
But surely you will have no objection if
I talk about a few minutes with Mrs. Terrell
about Africans way off in South Africa."
My gratitude to Mr. Stead for finding a
way out of the difficulty was boundless.
And having secured from his American
friend a half-reluctant consent to this
arrangement, Mr. and Mrs. Stead and I
retired to their apartment to discuss Africans
in South Africa, still vowing not to touch
the race problem in the United States with
a ten-foot pole.
"In the first place," said Mr. Stead,
plunging into the subject with the directness and
vim so characteristic of him. "I believe that
Africans in South Africa and England and
everywhere else in the world"--"Except in
the United States, of course," I injected by
way of reminder--"should have every
possible advantage and chance, so as to enable
them to catch up with their fellows
belonging to other races more fortunate and
advanced. I do not believe that a protective
tariff should be placed upon white people,
so as to enable them always to keep in the
ascendancy. If they cannot hold their own
without extra aids and props, they should
occupy the place they can hold in a fair
and free competition with others. If
anybody should be shown special consideration
and given extra aid, it is the representative
of an oppressed and heavily handicapped
race, which receives many kicks, but gets
few boosts. What impressed me most while
I was in the Transvaal was that the Boers
worried terribly about what would become
 of them if Africans were educated and
caught up with them. They did not express
the fear that Africans might be inferior to
them, but they were greatly agitated over
the thought that the natives might possibly
be equal or superior to them, if they had a
fighting chance. 'If you give these Africans
the same educational facilities which we
enjoy and open the doors of trade to them
and admit them to the various professions,'
the Boers would ask me, 'what will become
of us?' 'If you can't hold your own, with
your superior heredity and environment and
your splendid opportunities, when you are
obliged to compete with these Africans,' I
would tell them, 'you deserve to fail.' "
"But you would not think of applying this
doctrine of equal opportunity and equal
educational facilities to the race problem in
the United States, would you, Mr. Stead?"
I inquired.
"Perish the thought," was the answer.
"I am simply talking about the Africans in
South Africa."
"How are colored people treated in
England?" I inquired.

Color Question in England.
"Well, they are usually treated like other
human beings," was the quick reply.
"Those who attend the universities are
treated well, both by the students and the
instructors. Several of them have won
prizes, you know. A number of black
men have studied at the Inns of Court and
have been successful barristers in
England. By the way, one of the members of
the common council of London is a jet
black man, who hails from the Trinidad
Islands, I believe. When I told some of my
Boer friends about the black barristers we
have in England and the black
councilman from the Marylebone district in
London they grew red in the face with
excitement and rage, and one of them exclaimed
hotly: 'Conditions like those are enough to
start a revolution!' "
"What do you think of 'social
equality?' " I asked.
" 'Social equality,' indeed," repeated Mr.
Stead in a tone which was half fun and
half scorn. "There has never been a day
in my life when I felt like arrogating to
myself superiority over any human being.
I believe that social equality should be
divorced from race and color just as much
as I believe that political equality should
be separated from sex. Whenever I
advocated a square deal for the natives, the
question of social equality was invariably
sprung by my friends in South Africa to
confound me and cover me with confusion
and shame. 'How would you like to have
your daughter marry a black man?'
somebody would be sure to ask with a
confidence of tone and a defiance which
indicated plainly they thought they had
caught me in the meshes of my own
heresy and folly at last. Well, I should
not want my daughter to marry a 
costermonger for that matter,  so long as he
remained a costermonger and nothing more.
But if that same costermonger should
educate himself and become a cultured
gentleman, I should not have the slightest
objection to receiving him as my
son-in-law. So far as my daughter's marrying a
black man is concerned, I doubt very much
that I should urge her to seek such a mate.
All other things being equal I believe
people are happier when they marry in their
own social circle and race. But I know
a jolly lot of black men I should a jolly
sight rather have my daughter marry than
some white men I know.

The Broad Race Question.
"Let me tell you about a meeting which
was held in my office at Mowbray House,
London, not long ago. Certain
representatives of the various dark races, among
them Japanese, East Indians, Africans
and others gathered in my office to discuss
the superiority of the dark races over the
white, if you please. And my word for it,"
said Mr. Stead, half rising from his chair

with enthusiasm, "my word for it, they
made out a good case against us."
"Have you not observed how much
greater is the friction today between the
white and dark races all over the world,
wherever they come in close contact, than
it ever was before?" I asked.
"Certainly I have," replied Mr. Stead with
a smile. "That is the most hopeful sign of
all, I think. The truth of it is, the dark
races all over the world are progressing so
rapidly that their white brothers are
becoming genuinely alarmed. Japan's
victory over Russia has done more to prove
that a dark skin is no more a badge of
inferiority and weakness than a white face
is a sign of superiority and strength than
anything which has happened in a long
time, than anything which has ever
happened, perhaps. I believe the friction
between the white and dark races today is
caused more by the fear which white
people entertain that the dark races of the
earth may eventually overtake and
outstrip them than by what some people call
'the natural' antipathy which exists
between a fair skin and a black one."
"Of course," I reminded Mr. Stead again,
for fear he might forget it, "you are not
discussing the race problem in this
country at all. You are still expatiating upon
the Africans in South Africa or the
Ethiopians in England or Madagascar or
anywhere else they happen to be in evidence
except the United States." "That is
correct," replied Mr. Stead, while his
steel-blue eyes fairly danced with the humor of
the situation. Then Mr. and Mrs. Stead
and I laughed outright.

Moral Considerations.
"You have traveled in Africa extensively,"
I said. "Please tell me something about the
morality of African men."
"That I will," was the hearty response.
"Assaults upon white women by native men
practically never occur in Africa. This is
all the more striking, because the African
men do much of the housework for
Englishmen and Europeans. They nurse the
children, play the role of chambermaid and
thus come into the closest possible contact
with white women, and yet one almost
never hears of assaults upon them by the
natives." I did not have the courage to
interrogate Mr. Stead on the attitude of the
white foreigners who go to Africa toward
the native women. "In Africa," continued
Mr. Stead, "the natives do nearly all the
menial work, while the whites shun it.
The white man's attitude toward manual
labor in Africa is the white man's curse. I
once told a native that there are few, very
few Africans in England. "Who in the
world does the work in England then," he
inquired in great surprise. When the men
of a subject race do all the manual labor,
it nearly always happens that the dominant
race looks down upon work and scorns
those who perform it. The same condition
exists, when one sex does all the drudgery."
"It is sometimes claimed that Africans
are innately inferior to the white races,
because they have contributed so little to the
civilization of the world," I said.
"There isn't much in that," replied Mr.
Stead. "Egypt was the cradle of
civilization, was it not? To be sure it is claimed
that Egyptians are not classed as Africans,
as that word is generally used. But nobody
knows how close was the connection
between the Ethiopians and Egyptians.
Besides, you must remember that Africa is
Africa. There are many things which
affect the progress of a people. The climate
for instance. If Africans had lived in
Europe and Europeans had been indigenous
to African soil, I doubt very much indeed
that the white men would have done any
more in Africa than have the Africans
themselves. As it is, Europeans have not
done so well in Africa.."
Just then a knock was heard, the door
opened and in walked the American editor.
My doom was sealed, I knew, and I
accepted my fate with philosophical
resignation.
"You did not mind my telling Mr. Stead
he must not discuss the race problem, did
you Mrs. Terrell?" he coolly inquired.
"Certainly I did," I replied, following the
example set by the father of his country.
I did not regret my temerity, however,
and was glad I succeeded in securing the
great and brilliant and generous-hearted
Stead's opinion of Africans in South Africa,
if he was not permitted by his literary
mentor to discuss the race problem in the
United States.
MARY CHURCH TERRELL.


Geneva, N. Y., Thursday, May 28, 1908.
MANY NOTABLE
WOMEN AT
SENECA FALLS
[*Geneva Daily Times*]
Big meetings Yesterday
Afternoon and Evening.
Speakers Did Honor to the
Pioneers in Suffrage
Movement.
The afternoon meeting yesterday at
the sixtieth anniversary celebration of
the first woman's rights convention,
held in Seneca Falls, was one that
made a deep impression on the minds
and hearts of the many present. The
meeting was to honor the pioneers
in the work and it is not to be
wondered at that the audience yesterday
should be awed by the realization of
the immense progress made since that
meeting in 1848; and to sit in the
same hall where that convention was
held and to hear words from those
who were associates of Elizabeth
Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony,
Martha Wright, and others during
their first efforts, and to listen to the
daughters of those noble women, who
are just as energetic today as their
mothers before them.
Mrs. Elizabeth Smith Miller of this
city, who was a cousin of Elizabeth
Cady Stanton and the daughter of
Garret Smith, was to have presided
yesterday, but in her absence Rev.
Annis Ford Eastman of Elmira occupied
the chair. The meeting was opened
with prayer by Rev. Antoinette Brown
Blackwell. Mrs. Eastman introduced
Mrs. Fanny Garrison Villard of New
York as the first speaker. Mrs.
Villard is the daughter of
William Lloyd Garrison, the famous
abolitionist. Her theme yesterday was
Lucretia Mott, who, it will be remembered,
issued the call for the convention in
Seneca Falls which was commemorated
yesterday. In a most pleasing manner
Mrs. Villard gave a graphic description

of Miss Mott's characteristics and
remarkable personality. Mrs. Villard
said that it was eminently proper to
hear in [??i??] that Lucretia Mott was
the first woman who was ever
permitted to speak on equal terms with men
and to speak in public. This was at
the American anti-slavery society's
meeting held in Philadelphia about
seventy years ago.

Greeting to Mrs. Blatch.
A most enthusiastic greeting was
extended Mrs. Harriet Stanton Blanch,
the daughter of Elizabeth Cady
Stanton, who had been most active in
promoting this celebration. Mrs. Blatch
said: "I address you, fellow townsmen,
or rather, native townsmen, as I was
also born in Seneca Falls." In
speaking of her mother's life, Mrs. Blatch
said that while young, most of Mrs.
Stanton's time was spent in her
father's, Judge Cady's law office, which
brought her in contact with the leading
lawyers of New York at that time and
which stood her in good stead later
in life. At Peterborough, where lived
her uncle, Garret Smith, there was
exactly the same antithesis, for there she
came in contact with all the reformers
of the day. There, too, she developed
the human side of her life. There she
was constantly with her cousin, Mrs.
Elizabeth Smith Miller, and there, too,
she met her husband.

A Remarkable Friendship.
Mrs. Blatch said that from the
relationship and companionship between
Mrs. Miller and Mrs. Stanton there
developed such a bond of friendship
that today "we want to almost honor
this friendship of two women, the one
a Julius, the other a Johnson." In
1840 Mrs. Stanton attended the world's
anti-slavery convention at London
and there met Lucretia Mott. From
that meeting developed in 1848 that
convention at Seneca Falls. In 1851
there developed one of the greatest
friendships of two women that ever
(Continued on Sixth Page.)

existed in history, that of Mrs. Stanton
and Susan B. Anthony. These two
women ever afterward continued to
work together, Miss Anthony with her
immense executive ability and Mrs.
Stanton with her ready pen and
speech. Theodore Tilton, editor of the
Independent, one time said that the
lives of these two women were so
closely linked together that it
reminded him of two drumsticks of a
drum. What the one failed to do, the
other did. In closing Mrs. Blatch said
that it seemed to her as if nothing so
perfect as this could ever die; that
they must be two stars in the heavens
together, the one shining for her
mother, Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 
and the other for Susan B. Anthony.

Mrs. Osborne Not Present.
Mrs. Eliza Wright Osborne of
Auburn, who is the daughter of Martha
Wright, one of the four promoters of
the 1848 convention, was unable to
appear yesterday, but her paper was read
by Miss Harriet May Mills of
Syracuse, who is vice-president-at-large of
the New York State Women's
Suffrage Association. Mrs. Osborne was
the first president of that convention.
She was a sister of Lucretia Mott and
although there was a decided contrast
between these two sisters, they were
closely united. Mrs. Osborne was not
a speaker but she was an invaluable
worker for the great cause. She was
a woman of fine presence and of great
dignity. The Wright home was in
Auburn. The Motts and the Wrights
were submitted to much criticism for
their strong convictions on woman's
rights and also abolition. Their lives
were given long and unselfishly in the
two cases for freedom.
"Frederick Douglass," was the
subject of Mrs. May Church Terrell's
discourse. Frederick Douglass was in
attendance at that first convention and
it was he who seconded the clause for
the enfranchisement for women at that
time. Mrs. Terrell said that there
were two reasons why she should be
present yesterday to "back up"
Frederick Douglass, first because she was
a woman and secondly because she
belonged to the same race as Mr.
Douglass. She also said that if Elizabeth
Carly Stanton subjected herself to
criticism Fredrick Douglass, of all
men, certainly did at the time of that
convention. He always advocated
women's rights with intense ardor and
zeal. At that time, when all of the
newspapers were hurling gibes at
those who attended that first meeting,
there was only one little newspaper in
the country, and that in Rochester,
which dared stand by its own
convictions. That paper was "The North
Star" and belonged to Frederick
Douglass. He attributed his sentiments

as due largely to Elizabeth Cady
Stanton. If he ever wavered," said Mrs.
Terrell, "I can fully realize as no
white person can what it is to be
circumscribed about, to be so humiliated
and so wounded, never as much on
account of sex as on account of race. I
can fully appreciate the feeling of
Frederick Douglass. If he wavered,
it was because he did so want the
negro to have the vote at that
particular time rather than the women."
At this time Mrs. Douglass said that
she wanted in a measure to justify
Frederick Douglass, for it was due him.
In conclusion she said that if we are
given a spirit of determination,
nothing shall ever separate us or deter us
 from our cause and duties which shall
rest upon us.
Mrs. Alice Hooker Day was the next
speaker. Mrs. Day is the daughter of
Isabella Beecher Hooker, who was a
sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. Mrs.
Day gave an excellent biographical
sketch of the life of her mother, who,
with her husband in the early New
England days, petitioned the
Legislature of Connecticut for the ballot for
women and were greatly criticized and
abused.

Mrs. Antoinette Blackwell.
Mrs. Antoinette Brown Blackwell, a
finely preserved and sweet appearing
lady, next spoke. Mrs. Blackwell is
the first woman that ever graduated
from a Theological Seminary and
received her degree. She is a
sister-in-law of Alice Stone Blackwell, the
first woman to graduate from a medical
college. Mrs. Blackwell said that she
was familiar with Elizabeth Cady
Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and the many
others and was closely associated with
 them. Their names were more familiar
to her in those days than many names
today. Mrs. Blackwell was ordained
as a minister in 1853 and Garret Smith
assisted at that occasion. She was
most interesting as she recalled to
her memory the early days. For one
of her advanced years her memory
was exceedingly remarkable.
The last address of the afternoon was
given by May Seymour Howell. She
also gave many reminiscences. Among
the many things that she said was that
from her point of view the greatest
discovery in the world was made in
1848 when woman discovered herself.
Today girls in our colleges are taking
all the prizes even though they have
"two ounces less of brains." Today
we find women in all professions,
occupations, and industries, and across the
sea we find women already wearing the
regulation prison garb, in Australia we
find women free and some even in the
Parliament; all this comes from the
convention in 1848, she said.

The Evening Meeting.
The last meeting of the anniversary
celebration of the first woman's rights
convention, held in the First
Presbyterian last evening, packed the church
to the doors. The meeting was
opened at 8:15 by Rev. William P.
Schell, who in a few words extended
the welcome of the church to those
present and then rendered the
invocation. Harrison Chamberlain,
president of the Seneca Falls Historical
Society, was then called to take the chair
and preside over the meeting. He

PIONEERS
HONORED
[*The Evening Times*]
Suffragists Honor Noted
Workers at Anniversary
of Rights Convention.
[*1908*]
TABLET UNVEILED
Seneca Falls Scene of
Imposing Ceremonies. Address
by Mrs. Crossett.
SENECA FALLS, May 28.--Speeches
by America's most noted workers for
woman's rights marked the celebration
yesterday of the 60th anniversary of
the first woman's rights convention in
the history of the world.
At 1 o'clock in the afternoon Ella
Hawley Crossett, president of the
State Suffragist Association, unveiled
the handsome bronze tablet on Johnson
Opera House, in which, as the old
Wesleyan Church, the convention was held
three score years ago. The tablet,
which is placed on the east wall of the
opera house, has the following
inscription:
On this spot stood the Wesleyan
Chapel, where the first Woman's
Rights Convention in the World's
History was held
July 19-20, 1848,
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
moved this resolution which was
seconded by Frederick Douglass.
That it is the duty of the women of
this country to secure to themselves the
sacred right of the elective franchise.
Some of the Signers of the
Declaration of Rights: Lucretia Mott, Jacob
P. Chamberlain, Martha C. Wright,
Elisha Foote, Amy Post, Charles L.
Hoskins, Mary Ann McClintock,
Richard P. Hart, Lovina Latham, Jonathan
Metcalf, Mary H. Hollowell, Henry
Seymour.
The inscription took up about
three-quarters of the space and the
remainder showed justice with scales and
scroll.
The celebration was opened in the
morning by Mrs. Harriet Stanton
Blatch, who stated the programme
announcements and object of the
meeting. Harrison Chamberlain, president
of the Seneca Falls Historical Society
made a brief address of welcome,
following the invocation by Rev. Charles
Sicard of the Wesleyan Methodist Church.
Rev. Annis Ford Eastman, of
Elmira, was the first speaker. Her subject-
was "The Change of Woman's Ideas
Toward Herself, Toward Man and
Toward Affairs in General."

Unveiling of Tablet.
Mary Church Terrell, a famous
colored speaker, was then introduced by
Mrs. Harriet Stanton Blatch. She spoke
on "Women's Rights." She told of the
unjust laws which through the efforts
of women have been stricken from the
statutes and of the hopes which the
women had for the future. After her
address, the meeting adjourned to
outside the Opera House, where the
tablet was unveiled.
The assembly hall of Mynderse
Academy was filled at 2:30 o'clock this
afternoon, when the session for school
children opened. Commissioner Henry
Stowell, of the Board of Education, presided.
The invocation was by Rev. W. Bours
Clarke, of the Trinity Episcopal Church.
Mrs. Blatch spoke to the children on the
subject, "The Event We Celebrate,"
outlining in simple language the meaning of
the movement which started at the first
convention. She was followed by
Professor Earl Barnes, whose subject was "The
Educative Value of Political Life."
The principal session of the day, the
one in honor of the pioneers, was called
to order in Johnson Opera House at 4
o'clock. Mrs. Elizabeth Smith Miller, of
Geneva, daughter of Gerritt Smith, was
to have presided, but she was unable to
come and sent the following message:
To the suffragists of our nation now
celebrating in Seneca Falls the 60th
anniversary of the inauguration of the great
work of freedom begun by those noble
men and women, Frederick Douglass,
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, James and
Lucretia Mott and others, most hearty
congratulations for present victories and
anticipation of a speedy complete success.
Rev. Annis Ford Eastman, of Elmira,
presided in Mrs. Miller's place as
Chairman of the session. Mary H. Hollowell,
of Rochester, one of the surviving signers
of the declaration of sentiments, was
unable to be present and speak on
"Impressions of 1848."

THREE SCORE
YEARS AFTER
[*Rochester N.Y.*]
Women Honor Early
Advocates of Their Cause
[*The Union & Advertis?*]
Unveiled Bronze Tablet on Scene
of First Suffrage
Convention.
Seneca Falls Witnessed Memorial
Exercises Demonstrative of
Persistence of the Ladies in Crusade
for Due Recognition.

SENECA FALLS, N. Y., May 28.---
The event of the celebration of the 
sixtieth anniversary of the first woman's
rights convention was observed here
yesterday, which called together a
representative body of women who are
battling for civil rights equal to those
enjoyed by men.
Conspicuous during the day were
many of the leaders in the work, but
none of them are numbered among the
survivors who signed the declaration of
rights, issued in the days of the original
convention, but thee were present many
of the ladies from various sections of
the country who are prominent in the
ranks of the suffragists, nearly all of
whom are mentioned in numbers of
the programme of the day's exercises.
The first exercise of the day was the
unveiling of the bronze memorial tablet
placed on the east wall of the Johnson
Opera House on the site of which was
located the Wesleyan Methodist church,
where the convention was held.
At 11:30 o'clock those interested in
the exercises assembled in the Opera
House, and the ceremonies, under direction
of Harriet Stanton Blatch,
daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the
prime mover of that convention, were
conducted, commemoration of the event
which occurred July 19-20, 1848.
After the invocation by Rev. Charles
Sicard, pastor of the Weslyan Methodist
Church, Rev. Annas Ford Eastman, delivered
an address in which she did
honor to "the early pioneers in one of
the greatest in history," and predicted
a growing-democracy and the dawning
of a new ideal government through
which there would be equal rights to
all, regardless of sex.

Mary Church Ferrell, a colored lady
from Washington D. C., who appealed
strongly to the sympathy of the audience
through her plea for equal rights
to all, sex or color not to be considered.
It was custom that continued woman's
subjection, and time alone could change
it. The fetters would be broken, one
by one until freedom came.
Following these speeches, the audience
moved to the street where the ceremony
of unveiling was performed by
Ella Hawley Crossett of Warsaw, president
of the Woman's Suffragist's Association
of the state, then was exposed the tablet
showing in relief the figures of a
woman supporting a shield on which
was inscribed:
On this spot stood the Wesleyan Chapel
where the First Woman's Rights convention
in the World's History was held
July 19 and 20, 1848.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton moved this resolution,
which was seconded by Frederick
Douglass: "That it is the duty of the
women of this country to secure to themselves
their sacred right to the elective
franchise."
Some of the signers of the Declaration of
Rights: Lucretia Mott, Jacob Chamberlin,
Martha C. Wright, Amy Post, Charles S.
Hoskins, Mary Ann McClintock, Richard P.
Hunt, Lavina Latham, Jonathan Metcalf,
Mary H. Hallowell, Henry Seymour.
The afternoon exercises opened at the
assembly room of Mynderse Academy,
where the students of that branch of
the public school were assembled, with
representatives from the primary grades
together with ladies attending the convention.
On this occasion, Henry Stowell,
a member of the school commission,
presided. Rev. W. B. Clarke of Trinity
Episcopal Church, offered prayer.
Mrs. Harriet Stanton Blatch, the first
speaker of the afternoon, took for her
subject, "The Event We Celebrate,"
and told briefly the story of her mother's
life, from her infancy, to the date
when she first took up the work which
afterward engaged her best efforts during
life. How in her early childhood, she
came in contact with the students in her
father's law office, and from them,
through a desire to plague her, she
learned of all the laws that referred to
women, especially those that deprived
them of certain rights and privileges,
and it was then she began her studies
and her thoughts related to righting the
injustice to women in the government,
both national and state. How she studied
with a neighbor the Greek language, and
became so proficient that she secured the
prize at an examination in an academy
she was not allowed to attend because
of her sex. How she married and with
the new life took her ambitions with her
to relieve the burdens of women, which
she, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, carried
through life.

Professor Earl Barnes gave an interesting
address, taking for his topic "The
Educational Value of Political Life."
During this address he pictured vividly
the value of an early education in matters
which related to political life. How
this education should be conducted was
the vital question, and the speaker urged
closer observation and closer study of
the persons and the things which were
of public interest, and he likened this
study to the study of the affairs which
relate to the affairs of the child games,
for that which personally interests us
would receive more serious attention than
matters that are relatively foreign.
The work of the day was continued
after the school exercises by a meeting
at Johnson's Opera House, called at 4
o'clock, at which Rev. Annis Ford Eastman
presided. After an invocation by
Rev. Antoinette Brown Blackwell of
New Jersey, Fanny Garrison Villard
opened the addresses "to honor the pioneers,"
by telling of the work of Lucretia
Mott. Harriet Stanton Blatch
again spoke of the work of her mother,
Mrs. Stanton; Harriet May Mills, substituted
for Eliza Wright Osborne, considered
the efforts of Martha Wright;
Mary Church Terrill gave a sketch of
the life of Frederick Douglass; Alice
Hooker Day outlined the work done by
her mother, Alice Beecher Hooker; Mary
Seymour Howell was reminiscent and
she reviewed the results of the work
already accomplished by the band of
workers in the cause, drawing from it
the result that eventually the enfranchisement
of women will come. Rev.
Mrs. Eastman was also reminiscent in
her remarks.
The evening exercises were held in
the Presbyterian Church, at which Harrison
Chamberlin, president of the Seneca
Falls Historical Society, presided.
Rev. William P. Schell, pastor of the
Presbyterian Church, offered prayer.
Elizabeth E. Cook, the Cornell student,
who won the Woodford prize, delivered
the oration.
Maud Nathan, president of the Consumer's
League of New York, presented
a "Suffrage Argument."
Prof. Nathaniel Schmidt discussed
"Vitalized Democracy," and with an address,
Anna Garlin Spencer concluded
the exercises of the anniversary celebration.

SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MOVEMENT
FOR WOMEN'S RIGHTS TO BE OBSERVED

PROFESSOR
NATHANIEL
SCHMIDT

MISS ELIZABETH
E. COOK

MRS.
HARRIOT S.
BLATCH

MARY
CHURCH
TERRELL

Seneca Falls, May 23.---Seneca Falls
will witness a notable event next week,
the sixtieth anniversary of the first
convention of the women's rights movement,
which had its beginning in Seneca
Falls through the efforts of Mrs. Lucretia
Mott and Mrs. Elizabeth Cady
Stanton.
The first convention was held in the
Wesleyan Methodist chapel, which stood
at the corner of Fall and Mynderse
streets and is now a part of the Johnson
opera house building, on July 19th,
1848, when the first gun was fired that
sent the names of the intrepid women,
Mrs. Mott and Mrs. Stanton, echoing
around the world. The proclamation
declared that women have, or ought to
have the right to vote and hold office.
Considering the times this declaration
was a bold one, the proposition novel
and it at once attracted widespread attention.
It startled the convention,
which at first was not prepared to accept
so radical a departure from established
custom, and bring the women in one
step from the obscurity of ages to the
limelight of publicity of this great question.
Nothing daunted these noble women
and after two days of strenuous work
of conferences, discussions, committee
meetings and reports, the convention
adopted a resolution, the sense of which
was that women had the rights and
should be free.
Susan B. Anthony, who entered vigorously
into the work, was not present at
the meeting, not having joined the ranks
until two years after the convention,
and did not sign either the resolution or
declaration, although a firm believer in
the principles embodied in them.
Woman suffrage was not born at the
1848 convention, but the convention was
the result of the agitation that had been
carried on. In 1845 Ansel Bascom, a
lawyer of this place, while a member of
the State Legislature succeeded in securing
the passage of an act giving to
married women the right to hold property
and in the two years following
these rights were extended so as to permit

them as individuals to earn money
and to be the guardian of their own
children.
There were four reform movements in
operation at this time, women's rights,
anti-slavery, dress reform and temperance,
but the first of these, which the
meeting next week will commemorate,
was more far reaching than others with
the exception perhaps of anti-slavery.
These women continued to labor in
the cause of woman's rights to the end
of their lives with intelligence and zeal,
leaving their names inscribed on the
scroll of fame, never to be erased. They
will go down in history as the pioneers
of the greatest reform movement ever
inaugurated and that will eventually
place woman on a legal equality with
man.
The coming sixtieth anniversary is the
work of Mrs. Harriet Stanton Blatch,
daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton,
who was the leading spirit in the bringing
about of the first convention. Like
her illustrious mother, she is a firm believer
in the principles then set forth,
an earnest, untiring worker in the
cause. There will be other speakers,
men and women prominent in the
world's affairs, who will take part in
the anniversary. Among whom will be
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington
D. C. She is a graduate of Oberlin
college. Before her marriage she spent
some years in Europe in study and
travel. She was the first colored woman
to serve on the board of trustees of the
Washington schools. She is one of the
foremost colored women in America and
in all matters pertaining to the interests
of the women of her race is a leading
spirit. She will speak on "Frederick
Douglas" at the afternoon session and
also at the unveiling of the memorial
tablet.
Prof. Nathaniel Schmidt of Cornell university
will speak on "Vitalized Democracy."
Elizabeth Ellsworth Cook will
speak on "Men, Women and Human Beings."
Miss Cook delivered this speech
in the Woodford contest at Cornell and
was awarded the prize. Mrs. Annis Ford

Eastman of Elmira will be one of the
speakers, her subject being "The Duty
of the Elective Franchise Rather Than
the Privilege."
The following is the full programme:
11:30 A. M.---Unveiling of the commemorative
tablet; invocation by the Rev.
Charles Sicard; addresses by Mary
Church Terrell, Lydia K. Commander and
Annis Ford Eastman.
2:30 P. M.---Exercises at Mynderse
academy for the pupils of the schools,
Henry Stowell, chairman; invocation, the
Rev. W. Bours Clarke of Trinity Episcopal
church; recitation, Miss Gladys
Crowell; address, "The Event We Celebrate,"
Mrs. Harriet Stanton Blatch; address,
"The Educative Value of Political
Life," Prof. Earl Barnes.
4 P. M.---Meeting at the Johnson Opera
House to honor the pioneers; Elizabeth
Smith Miller, chairman; address, "Impressions
of 1848," Mary H. Hallawell;
address, "Lucretia Mott,'" Fanny Garrison
Villard; address, "Elizabeth Cady
Stanton," Harriet Stanton Blatch; address,
"Martha Wright," Eliza Wright
Osborne; address, "Frederick Douglass,"
Mary Church Terrell; address, "The
Early Days," Antoinette Brown Blackwell;
"A Bit of Biography," Alice Hooker
Day; "Reminiscences," Mary Seymour
Howell.
8:15 P. M.---Meeting at the Presbyterian
church, Harrison Chamberlain,
chairman; invocation, the Rev. W. P.
Schell; "Woodford Prize Oration," Elizabeth
E. Cook; address, "The Suffrage Argument,"
Maud Nathan; address, "Vitalized
Democracy," Prof. Nathaniel
Schmidt; address, Anna Garlin Spencer.
While Mrs. Blatch has been the leading
spirit in this movement, to Miss Janet
McKay Corning will be due in a great
measure the success of this anniversary,
for to her has been intrusted the carrying
out of the details, whih is no small
responsibility in an affair of this magnitude.
The arrangements are complete,
and the sixtieth anniversary will be long
remembered as an important epoch in the
history of this great moment.

Seneca Falls Reveille
HENRY STOWELL, Editor.
Largest Circulation in Town or County.
Seneca Falls, N.Y., May 29, 1908
Great Anniversary Gathering.
  The anniversary celebration on Wednesday
of the 1848 Woman's Rights convention
in Seneca Falls, of which our late
townswoman, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, was
the dominating force, was an event in the
history of the village that will be remembered
and cherished for many years yet to 
come.  It was a great gathering and a great
day for Seneca Falls.  Many representative
women were here from all parts of the 
State and some from other States.  The
programme consisted of the unveiling of
a commemorative tablet to Mrs. Stanton,
and four sessions of the convention, two
at Johnson Opera house, which, as the
Wesleyan Methodist church, was the
scene of the 1848 convention, one at Mynderse
academy and the other in the evening
at the Presbyterian church.
  At the morning session, Mrs. Harriot
Stanton Blatch presided; prayer by Rev.
Charles Sicard and addresses were made
by Rev. Annis Ford Eastman of Elmira,
Harriot Stanton Blatch and Mary Church
Terrell of Washington, D.C.  The address
of Mrs. Eastman was remarkable for its
breadth of thought, culture and ability.
It was given in an impressive manner.
The woman orator of the day was Mrs.
Mary Church Terrell.  She is a colored
woman, but no one would have thought
so had she not herself confessed it.  She
certainly is a woman of rare intellectual
attainments, an earnest and persuasive
speaker, richly endowed with all the 
qualities of a finished orator.  Her language
was choice and her tribute to Frederick
Douglass, who attended and took a
prominent part in the 1848 convention,
was especially fine.
  At the 2:30 session in the assembly
room of Mynderse academy, Henry Stowell
presided, Rev. William Bours Clarke
gave the invocation, and the speakers
were Harriot Stanton Blatch, her subject
being "The Event We Celebrate," which
consisted in part of a deservedly earnest
and loving tribute to her mother, the late

Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stanton.  Mrs. Blatch
was born in Seneca Falls, and to her more
than to any other person is due the success
and character of the anniversary celebration.
She was followed at the academy
by Prof. Earl Barnes of Philadelphia,
his subject being "The Educative Value
of Political Life."  It was a deeply interesting
and masterly address, Prof. Barnes
speaking at length with much force and
originality of thought.  At the conclusion
of Prof. Barnes' admirable address, Mrs.
Blatch introduced Mrs. Antoinette Blackwell,
Mrs. Fanny Villard, Mrs. Maud
Nathan, who spoke briefly on the movement
in the interest of women.
  The 4 o'clock session at Johnson Opera 
house was largely attended.  Mrs. Eastman 
presided and the speakers were Mrs. 
Fanny Villard of New York.  Her theme
was "Lucretia Mott," and it was an eloquent
and discreet tribute to the life and
character of that eminent and devout
woman.  She was followed by Mrs. Harriot
Stanton Blatch in eulogy of her distinguished
mother, "Mrs. Elizabeth Cady
Stanton," and her work in the cause of
equal opportunity for women.  It was a 
tender and touching tribute of daughter
to mother.  Mrs. Alice Beecher Hooker
Day spoke of her mother, Isabella Beecher
Hooker, sister of Henry Ward Beecher
and Harriet Beecher Stowe, of Miss Lucy
Stone and other prominent characters of
the suffrage movement, in earnest and
eloquent terms.  Mrs. Terrell paid an
warm tribute to Frederick Douglass and
Miss Harriet May Mills of Syracuse read
an interesting paper on the late Martha 
Wright of Auburn.
  The concluding exercises of the celebration
were held at the Presbyterian church
in the evening in the presence of a large
congregation, Harrison Chamberlain presiding.
The Rev. Wm. P. Schell gave
the invocation, and the choir of the church
rendered some excellent selections.  Elizabeth
E. Cook of Cornell university, Maud
Nathan and Prof. Nathaniel Schmidt were
the speakers, and their addresses were of
a most creditable character, thoughtful,
forceful and eloquent.

The celebration was a magnificent success
in all ways, in its purpose and character,
in the intelligence, earnestness and
eloquence of its speakers, and in the attention
and welcome which they received.  
No effort was spared on the
part of our people to make the visitors
feel happy and at home.  Every courtesy
was extended to them, not only because
of the recollection of early days in Seneca
Falls, but because it brought here in honor
of a great movement so many intelligent
and distinguished women from all parts
of the country.  Mrs. Harriot Stanton
Blatch is entitled to great credit for the
success of the celebration and was the 
generalissimo of all its gatherings.


THE EVENING STAR.
With Sunday Morning Edition.
WASHINGTON.
FRIDAY.............May 15, 1908
Theodore W. Noyes.....Editor
FOR ANOTHER TERM.
Three Members Reappointed to the
District School Board.
The justices of the District Supreme
Court today reappointed James F. Oyster,
William V. Cox and Mrs. Mary Church
Terrell members of the board of
education. The present terms of these three
members will expire July 1. A number
of delegations have called on the justices
recently asking for these reappointments.

Need To Be Polyglot

What American Women Have Learned in Berlin.

[*?hington Post*]
Triumph of Mrs. Terrell
[*? 10 1904*]

Washington's Distinguished Colored Woman Given an Ovation After Having Made a Fine Speech in German, and Then an Equally Good One in French - Much Given to Eating and Drinking. 

[*Washington Post
July 10, 1904*]

By Ida Husted Harper.
Special Correspondence of The Sunday Post.
 Berlin, June 27.- Teachers of German and English in the United States may expect a heavy business next fall and winter, for the self-satisfied American woman has learned at least one lesson during the past two weeks, and this is that if she is going to keep on attending international councils, she will have to know one or the other of these languages.  Much amusement was created by Miss Anthony's naive remark in one of her speeches that she now appreciated more than ever the need that there should be one language for all the world, and this should be English!  The programme and all the proceedings are in German; also the directions at the entrances, the circulars distributed, the announcements made, and everything for sale in the lobbies; German only is spoken by most of the ushers, the attendants, the men, and  women at the sales tables, and the various employees; while more than four-fifths of the speeches have made in this language or French.  This fact has tended very effectually to deprive American women of being the main part of the show, as they have been at all of the other congresses.
  They have learned, too, another thing, viz., that they have not a monopoly of the art of public speaking.  At the London meeting it was generally acknowledged that in all its departments they carried off the palm, but here the German women are on their native health, and those from the neighboring countries are not far from it.  Either skills in presiding, their fine voices, their self-possession, and their outbursts of impassioned oratory have been a revelation to those who had supposed that what is called the "new woman" had not yet found her way into continental Europe.  Their speeches also have a distinct vein of humor and sarcasm, which meets with quick responses from audiences that are unapproached in enthusiasm and appreciation.  
   Miss Anthony Honored Above All.
 If, however, one dared say that the women of any country have been honored above those of another, in this city of unsurpassed hospitality, this distinction might justly be claimed for those from the United States, or certainly for a few of the most representative.  Far above and beyond all of these must be placed Susan B. Anthony, who was introduced as "Miss Anthony of the world."  And so it has proved to be, for never in her own land, even in these later days, when she has been met with cheers instead of hisses and with flowers in place of stones, she received greater ovations than from these cosmopolitan audiences in the capital of Germany.  They have not been confined to the congress, but have extended to the social festivities, where in almost every instance she has been placed in the seat of honor, and always has been obliged to respond to the call for a speech, and not the voice of any speaker has been more easily heard.  The newspapers have commented on the dignity and majesty with which she has accepted it all, and the generous sympathy and recognition she has shown to other speakers and the lines of thought they represented.  Indeed herein lies the chief reason of her large and loyal constituency and her steadily increasing power and prestige.
  Second to Miss Anthony in the popular estimation have been the Rev. Anna Howard Shaw and Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, and an equal division of the honors may be accorded to them.  There have been few meetings when they were not called upon for speeches, even though they might not have been on the programme for that occasion, and they never have failed to reflect the highest credit on the United States.
The great executive power of Mrs. May Wright Sewall and her wonderful ability as presiding officer, have been referred to in previous letters.
The higher education of women in our country has had its ablest representative in Dr. M. Carey Thomas, of Bryn Mawr College, who, with Miss Mary Garrett, of Baltimore, has been in attendance throughout the Congress. Although president of a woman's college, her address declared in the strongest terms for co-education, and urged the women of Europe to devote their time and effort, in their respective countries, first of all to opening the universities to women.
Triumph of Mrs. Terrell
A most significant feature of the congress has been the reception given to the two addresses of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, of Washington, D.C., former president of the National Association of Colored Women, and for five years a member of the school board in the District of Columbia. Mrs. Terrell is a graduate of Oberlin and studied a year in Berlin and a year in Paris, so she was able to deliver one speech in excellent German and one in equally good French. This achievement on the part of a colored woman, added to a fine presence and the eloquence of her words, carried the audience by storm and she had to respond three times to the encores before they were satisfied. It was more than a personal tribute, it was a triumph for her race. Mrs. Terrell has been included in all the social courtisies extended to the speakers.
There was, perhaps, no one whom the women here were more desirous to meet than Mrs. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, as the president of the German Council, Frau Stritt, had translated her book, Woman in Economics, and it had a large sale. On the afternoon of her speech, the biggest of the four halls where the meetings are being held was so packed, floors and galleries, that the doors had to be closed. The crowds thronged about in such numbers that it became necessary to open another hall, and after she had spoken in one for three quarters of an hour, she was obliged to repeat the address to the overflow meeting in the other.
For and Against Mrs. Gilman's Ideas.
As usual, Mrs. Gilman's speech divided the audience into two hostile forces, half of the women declaring they would never hand their children over to be cared for by professional trainers and feed their husbands on victuals from a co-operative cookery, while they used their time to "the larger work of the world;" the other half insisting that women in all ages had given too much time, strength, and talent to the nursery and kitchen,  and that was why they had fallen behind in all great achievements; the few men present grumbled at her theory that the female protoplasm was created before the male, that it was the man who was an "afterthought" instead of the woman, and that the world could have got on very well if he had not been created at all. But everybody went home thinking, and that is really the essential thing.
There were many other good speeches by American women, who have been named in a former letter. If a criticism may be made on the congress it is that there were too many short addresses by those from all countries who may be termed average speakers. This was also true of the London congress. At these great world meetings only the most representative should be selected, and they should have sufficient time to present their subject in an address which would cover the ground and be worth preserving as an addition to the knowledge of it already existing. A discussion with each one who participated strictly limited as [illegible] time, would bring a variety of thought where this was considered desirable. It is to be hoped that the Canadian programme committee will adopt this plan and then put the addresses into available published form.
Peculiar Suffrage Coincidences
It is a peculiar coincidence that while the international council of women was in progress in London, in 1899, the House of Commons defeated a bill for woman suffrage, and during its meeting in Berlin the Reichstag has done the same. The government here had a bill for creating a commercial tribunal, a kind of board of arbitration for settling questions of controversy between employers and employees of the class including clerks, stenographers, and others who would not come under the head of manual laborers. When the committee returned it to the Reichstag they had added a provision that women employees (who form an immense proportion of the whole), should have a seat on this board and vote for its members.
This was strongly opposed by the government, and on its second reading the clause permitting them to serve on the board was struck out, but the members were desirous to retain for women the privilege of voting for the board in whose decisions they had just as vital an interest as the men. The very day on which Count von Posadowsky, minister of internal affairs, was giving a garden party to this great council of women, who had just made woman suffrage a plank in their platform, he served notice on the Reichstag that if they passed the bill with suffrage for women in it, he would veto it. The women employes called a mass-meeting and made the most fiery speeches to a big and sympathetic audience, demanding that they should not be deprived of their rights. But the members of the Reichstag were very anxious to please their constituents by securing this board of arbitration, so without compunction they knocked out the franchise for women, passed the bill, and it received the official signature.
All of which goes to prove, of course, that whenever women want the suffrage they can have it.
International Suffrage Alliance.
By the way, while the advanced women have been gathered here from all parts of the earth, advantage has been taken of the opportunity to form an International Woman Suffrage Alliance. It has no connection whatever with the council, except that a number of the same persons were delegates to both organizations. Like the council this alliance had its inception in the United States. It was the dream of Mrs. Stanton and Miss Anthony twenty years ago, and it finally took definite shape in a call by Mrs. Chapman Catt, president of the National Suffrage Association, for delegates to meet in Washington in 1902. A number of countries responded and an international committee was formed, with Miss Anthony as president and Mrs. Chapman Catt as secretary. Its members have been actively organizing for the past year and the countries were represented at this Berlin meeting.
At the reading of the declaration of principles, which it is hardly necessary to say was prepared in the United States, several interesting points developed, one of them that there is no German word for "co-operation." There was such vehement protest from the European women against using the word "tyranny" that it became necessary to substitute "abuse of power." The first paragraph was satisfactory to all; it asserted that men and women are born equally free and independent members of the human race, and are equally entitled to the free exercise of their individual rights and liberty; it condemned taxation without representation, and demanded the ballot and all political rights. Then came the second:
"Self government in the home and state is the inalienable right of every normal adult, and in consequence no individual woman can 'owe obedience' to an individual man, as prescribed by the old marriage forms, nor can women, as a whole, owe obedience to men, as a whole, as required by modern government."
Divided Over "Obey."
At this the body rose in revolt. The women of the English church declared that if they didn't promise to "obey" they couldn't get married at all; the German women said the word was not in their marriage ceremony and they didn't want the question agitated. Some of the delegates insisted that this resolution would create hostility against the whole platform, while others were not sure but that wives ought to obey their husbands, so finally to preserve harmony the paragraph was eliminated, and now there is nothing in the constitution to prevent any wife from rendering full obedience to her lord and master.
The United States, England, Germany, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Australia joined this international alliance, whose object is to "secure the enfranchisement of women of all nations, and to unite the friends of woman suffrage throughout the world in organized co-operation and fraternal helpfulness." France, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland will soon affiliate.
Miss Anthony was made honorary president; Mrs. Chapman Catt, president; Mrs. Rachel Foster Avery, for twenty-one years corresponding secretary of the National Suffrage Association, takes the same office in the alliance. There was a protest from the United States against accepting the most important positions, but it was the unanimous request of the delegates. Fraulein Anita Augsburg, the first woman doctor of jurisprudence in Germany, and Mrs. Millicent Garrett Fawcell, of England, are vice presidents; Kathe Schirmacher, Ph.D., author and linguist of Paris, and Fraulein Joanna Naber, leader of the suffrage movement in Holland, secretaries; Miss Roger Cunliffe, a talented young writer of England , treasurer.
With the adoption of woman suffrage as a part of the work of the International Council and the forming of an International Suffrage Alliance, the month of June, 1904, has witnessed the most important action ever taken in what has now become a world movement of women to obtain political rights.
Fast Pace in Entertaining.
This Berlin congress has set a pace in social entertainment which it seems hardly possible can ever be equaled.  Five invitations for one afternoon have not been unusual. The opening of the congress was preceded Sunday evening by a concert such as one can have only in Germany, the orchestra composed of one hundred young women, perfectly trained by a woman leader. It was given in Philharmonie Hall, and followed by a banquet to 2,000 guests. A theater was rented for another evening by the Berlin Committee, which invited the delegates and speakers to a concert by the best artists in the city. At another time all were taken to a fine play in one of the largest private residences with musicians from renowned opera companies. Many of the most beautiful homes have been opened for dinners, luncheons and receptions. One noticeable afternoon-tea was given in the large rooms of the German Woman's Club, the hostesses all doctors of philosophy and most of the guests graduates of the German universities. This occasion was honored by the presence of many distinguished men who are university professors. The especially interesting features of the homes in Berlin, as in other European cities, are the splendid art collections, paintings, marbles, bronzes, tapestries, porcelains, and rare antiques, such as it is almost impossible to secure for American homes.
Delights of Garden Parties.
The entertainments, which beyond all others have called forth the most enthusiasm and delight have been the garden parties. There are few other cities, if any, in which private mansions are surrounded by such grounds as in Berlin. The trees showing growth of half-a-century or more, the luxuriance of vines and shrubs which can hardly be put into words, fountains and statues, the wealth of roses and other fragrant flowers, the long stretch of green turf, realize one's dream of a modern Paradise. But even

Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.