WOMEN FROM MANY NATIONS AT H.U. DINNER March 20, 1948 Among the guests at the 38th annual dinner of the College Alumnae Club, honoring the club's founders, were Mrs. Mary Buckner, instructor at Grimke School and a member of the American Federation of Teachers Local 27; and Mrs. Natalie F. Ousley, national vice president of the American Federation of Teachers, and an instructor at Provident High School in Gary, Ind. The dinner took place at Frazier Hall, Howard University. Seated left to right are Mrs. Muriel Alexander, Miss Conception Aguila, Mrs. Alice Taylor, and Mrs. Harriet B. Allen. Mrs. Allen was one of the founders of the College Alumnae Club. Among those at the speaker's table were Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, founder and first president of the club; Miss Grace Chao, member of the public information section of the United Nations; Mrs. Ora W. Spivey, president of the local chapter; and Mrs. Grace Yaukey, sister of Pearl Buck, noted author. Mrs. Gyan-Chand, former vice principal of the Girls' College of India, addressing the dinner. Miss Concepcion Aguila, former executive secretary of the Centro- Esclar University, of Manila, gives her views on the women of the Orient. ATTENDING COLLEGE ALUMNAE DINNER Others attending the dinner were Miss Yvonne Tibbs, Mrs. Ruth Logan, and Mrs. Ida Gilbert Hunt. Only the AFRO Has All Three The Washington Afro-American, March (?) 1948, Page M-1 People You Should Know About Chicago Defender - Oct 29, 1949 Dr. Vincent Brown of Americans for Democratic Action who criticized Senate District Committee Chairman Mat Neely (D., West Va.) for his "Sister come to Salvation" approach to human rights through his proposed Human Rights Commission for the District which would not be vested with any power ... Charles H. Houston, brilliant civil rights attorney here, in Freedmen's Hospital where he was taken following a collapse. Doctor reports condition improved. ... Mrs. Bethune heading up New York Negro Women's Division of Lehman senatorial campaign ... Haiti's Ambassador Joseph D. Charles named interim chairman of the Council for Organization of American States ... Liberian Ambassador and Mrs. C.D.B. King will be going home next month on leave ... Harry McAplin, former D.C. Newsman, will team up with Charles "Dog" Anderson in his Louisville, Ky., law office ... Dr. Alonzo G. Moron to be inaugurated first Negro President of Hampton Institute this week ... Alan Paton, author of "Cry, the Beloved Country," a novel on troubled South Africa, in New York for rehearsals of "Lost in the Stars," a musical play based on the book. We hear that Paton's name doesn't appear on the play anywhere ... Morgan State College President Martin Jenkins urges State Commission studying Negro education to admit them to graduate and professional schools at the University of Maryland ... Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, first president of the National Association of Colored Women, was honored for 34 years' service with the organization. Guest speakers included Senator Langer (R., N. Dak.) and Mrs. Clarence Swift of the American Association of University Women. Everybody Will Be at Our Debutantes' Ball Continued from PAGE 1 in perfect unison. They'll promenade in the Grand March -- lead by Honorary Chairman of this year's ball, Roy Wilkins. Mr. Wilkins is an administrator for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. You will want to see the 50-odd young charmers, but you'll also be able to meet Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington D.C. and the world. Mrs. Terrell is this year's guest-of-honor. Although no longer a debutante (she is 88), the guest of honor is loaded with the kind of charm and energy which has been her strongest weapon in countless fights for human freedom and human equality. Holds Distinction Mrs. Terrell was one of the first two women -- of any color -- on the District of Columbia school board. The NAACP, which everyone hears so much about today, owes much to her since she was one of its organizers. Only last year, she led a group of fighters who sought to break down racial barriers in a Washington restaurant chain. She has been a part of virtually every worthy cause in the interests of progress and equality. No doubt about it, you will get a thrill out of meeting Mrs. Terrell. But, getting back to the Ball. This year tables are available at ringside. They are being sold at $15 per table, but there are only several hundred so you must make your reservation soon. Tickets are on sale at: 1. Amsterdam News Building, 2340 8th Ave., Main Floor, ACademy 2-7800. 2. Amsterdam News Office, 1660 Fulton St., Brooklyn, PResident 4-6400. 3. Mrs. Lillian Sharpe Hunter, 545 W. 146th St. AUdobon 6-7527. Many new features will be added to this year's ball, so come prepared for breathtaking surprises. Screening Nov. 2 Meanwhile, Mrs. Venetta Thompson, chairman of this year's screening committee, announces again that candidates will be interviewed and screened on the main floor of The Amsterdam News Building, 2340 8th Ave., at 8:30, Nov. 2, You girls who'll be this season's debutantes should make it a point to be present. And bring along your sponsors. Every girl must have a sponsor, whether a club, a firm, a fraternal or religious group, or a business place, Nov. 2nd is the date. [Evening Star Washington, D.C. [?] June 5, 1948 Howard U. Graduates Told Jim Crow System Will Break Down More than 600 Howard University graduates late yesterday were told that the entire "Jim Crow system" will gradually break down, partly because segregation is increasingly going to be "both awkward and silly" in a civilized and democratic country. The speaker at the annual commencement on the campus was Dr. Gunnar Myrdal, executive secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe in Geneva, Switzerland, who has made a sociological study of the American Negro problem. He also is former Minister of Commerce of Sweden. In discussing segregation, Dr. Myrdal added that it will become impractical and financially very burdensome once the authorities are compelled to make the separate facilities equal. Three Degrees are Awarded. "The discrimination against the Negroes could never have had the sanction of law and could never have such a sanction in America," he continued, "for America is dedicated to the ideas of democratic equality not only by its Constitution, but fundamentally also." Three honorary degrees were awarded. The recipients were Dr. Edwin Rogers Embree and Oliver Randolph, who were made doctors of law, and Mary Church Terrell, who was made a doctor of humane letters. Dr. Embree is connected in various official capacities with the Rockefeller Foundation, and is president of the Julius Rosenwald Fund, as well as being prominent in educational circles. A specialist in the study of races and Negro education and race relations, he has spent 30 years in the interest of the underprivileged. Trustee Dinner Held. Dr. Randolph is author of the present New Jersey antilynching law, and now is deputy attorney general of that State. Dr. Terrell, a Washington educator and civic leader, received her degree for outstanding public service. The three recipients also were guests of honor at the annual dinner of the trustees last night at Frazier Hall on the campus. Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson, head of the university, presided over the commencement ceremonies. Candidates for graduation were: BACHELOR OF ARTS, Summa Cum Laude. Alice L. McCoo. BACHELOR OF ARTS, Magna Cum Laude. Brown, Harvey F. Moran, M. A. Eddins, Berkley Price, C. S. Franks, Lillie V. Robertson, J. W. Granville, S. O. Smith, Oswald G. Holsey, Jack E. Tapscott, Gloria D. Hunter, W. J. Toms, DeElla V. Johnson G. Z. Williams, E. M. Moore, Sara E. BACHELOR OF ARTS, Cum Laude Alford, Sterling G. Holt, Ben E. Anderson, L. B. Howerton, Elizabeth Fraser-Blache, J. F. Johnson, Fannie D. Blount, H. M. S. Lane, Arthur L. Bright, Marea W. Lomax, Charles E. Bullock, Irma A. McGhee, Marjorie Clayton, Mary M. Nix, Roscoe R. Cofer, Dorcas C. Revels, Flossie Coleman, John O. Rice, Jack G. Davenport, Jessie M. Seme, Olga Edmondson, S. H. Smith, Cuthbert H. Fields, Doris W. Smith, Olivia J. Foshee, Samuel G. Smith, Robert P., jr. George, Thelma V. Thompson, Sally W. Goodman, E. E., sr. Veal, Nolan L. Graham, Ruby Ware, Ivan Hackett, K. E. Warren, Yvonne M. Hill, Daniel G., III Waters, Mary E. J. Hobson, Doris West, Willa V. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, Magna Cum Laude. Balkisoon, Basdoo M. Nash, Juanita B. Banks, Lester Nash, Juanita B. Bourke, Joseph A., jr. Stanislaus, Lamuel A. Brass, Arthur E. Stewart, William E. Haizlip, Doris E. Tyson, Roberta N. Joseph, Alfred L. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, Cum Laude Allen, Fannie M. Lane, Willard M., jr. Anderson, Twidlyn J. Little, George A. Bacchus, Habeeb Marshall, Louis C. Banks, Nora L. Matthews, Aubrey R. Botts, Dorothy, E. Mitchell, S. C., jr. Bransman, C. T. Myers, Betty G. Brantley, Edward J. Naranjit, Gilford E. Brock, Edward E. Nicholas, Philip A. Campbell, Edwin A. Nixon, Henry G., jr. Clarke, Rubert V. Phillips, George McK. Clarke, Wilhelmina Polk, Ethel P. Commissiong, Jean C. Ricketts, William N. Darrell, Gloria J. Schoop, Robert C. Dash, Carl L. Smith, Judith F. Davis, Willis S. Smoot, Roland T. Donaldson, K. O. Townsend, Elmalee Early, Lavina A. Thomas, Walter A. Glenn, Edward B. Ward, Dorothy E. Harper, James W. E. Wells, William H. Harris, Oliver C. White, George E. Hines, Bettie L. Wortham, G.A. Khan, Mustapha M. BACHELOR OF ARTS Atkinson, Theresa Banks, Leon, sr. Banks, Jessie Banks, Wilhelmina Barber, Dorothy J. Barnes, Alfred Barnes, Margaret Barnett, Mary Boyer, Edgar Bridges, Gynetha Bromery, Cecil Brown, Henry, Jr., Brown, Kenneth E. Bryant, Irma Byers Mildred Calloway, Helen Calloway, Muriel Campbell, Calvin Carr, Alice Carter, Juanita Cannon, William Charity, Edward J. Church, Thomas A. Clemmons, Doris Clifford, Happa Coaxum, Charlotte Collins, Pear D. Cooper, John, jr. Covington, Robert Crocker, Reginald Curry, Norma Daniels, Dolores Dash, Gwendolyn Dawson, Dorothy Demby, Dorothy DeWalt, Billye Doub, Nubert Dunlan, Evelyn Dutch, William L. Early, Arthur Ethridge, Samuel Fagan Estelle [Funnell ?], Robert Fisher, Geraldine Franklin, Wesley T. Gardner, William McCormick, Joseph McCrumby, Jean McKinney, Dorothy Mackey, Mariah Magruder, Warren Mann, Geraldine H. Mavritte, jr., Eugene Meadows, Janice Miller, Edna Mills, Millicent Mills, Sarah Mosely, Mary E. Moon, Mildred Moore, Beatrice A. Morgan, Merland Morrison, Doris C. Newbill, Rubye Nicholson, Louis Nichols, J. N. Noble, Raymond Palmer, Warren G. Parks, Ann C. Parrish, Stephen Parson, Elvin B. Patrick, Elsie L. Perry, Edith P. Phillips, Evelyn B. Philyaw, Henry L. Prather, Margaret B. Pritchett, W. C. Qualls, Marian F. Randolph, Armeana Randolph, Doris A. Rankin, Eva J. Reynolds, Clarice L. Rumn, Wilbur H. Sanderlin, Lew L. Scott, Shirley M. Shambry, L.M. Shelton, jr., T.J. Shipley, Joy Sims, William F. Singleton, Hattie Smith, Eloise F. Richards, Arthur A. Riddick, Walter E. Rones, Elmer E. Rowland, Isaac H. Saunders, W. J. Sawyer, Doris C. Scott, Kelsey J. Seignoret, Eustace E. Selmour, Robert F. Simons, Phyllis T. Spottswood, B. P. Smith, Bertha L. Smith, Carlos M. Smith, Ernest R. Sneed, Edna M. Stain, Stapley Steele, A. R. Strudwick, W. J. Tanksley, Sallie M. Thomas, R. D. Thompson, V. R. Tillman, Eugene C. Toatley, Roberty J. Travers, Ann V. Turner, Rodman L. Waldron, Lesite Wallace, David Whitmore, James H. Whitten, Alice A. Williams, L. A. jr. Williams, W. E. Woodyear, J. M. Yearwood, E. deL BACHELOR OF MUSIC Fleming, Attrus Grant, Alfreda C. Mott, Annie M. Latimer, Emma B. BACHELOR OF SCHOOL MUSIC, Summa Cum Laude Mary W. Davidson BACHELOR OF LAWS Arrington, Henry H. Boddie, Roy C. Bourne, J. Franklin Calhoun, James L. Capehart, H. J. Jr. David, Kins Gray, Robert Haden, Mabel D. Harris, Phillip A. W. Hightower, J. B. Hill, Horace E. Hood, David H., hr. Jones, Marion E. Lewis, Colston A. McClellen, Edna W. Parks, George B. Payne, Brown H. Pou, Arthur L. Smalley, Booker T. Swanson, Gregory H. Thomas, H. C. jr. Washington, W. E. Weaver, Bruce T. Wilbun, Shepperson Wright, Gloria O. DOCTOR OF MEDICINE Banks, Cullen W. II Banks, Leon O. Barber, Jesse B., Jr. Bergeron, Joseph O. Berry, Charles E. Brooks, W. R. jr. Clark, Eugene A., jr. Lewis, M. K. II Lewis, John H., jr. McMath, B. B. jr. Miller, Allison J. Moris, Pedro A. M. Nelson, Orra A. Nichols, Joseph H. Three honorary degrees were awarded. The recipients were Dr. Edwin Rogers Embree and Oliver Randolph, who were made doctors of law, and Mary Church Terrell, who was made a doctor of humane letters. Dr. Embree is connected in various official capacities with the Rockefeller Foundation, and is president of the Julius Rosenwald Fund, as well as being prominent in educational circles. A specialist in the study of races and Negro education and race relations, he has spent 30 years in the interest of the underprivileged. Trustee Dinner Held. Dr. Randolph is author of the present New Jersey antilynching law, and now is deputy attorney general of that State. Dr. Terrell a Washington educator and civic leader, received her degree for outstanding public service. The three recipients also were guests of honor at the annual dinner of the trustees last night at Frazier Hall on the campus. Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson, head of the university, president over the commencement ceremonies. Candidates for graduation were: BACHELOR OF ARTS, Summa Cum Laude, Alice L. McCoo. BACHELOR OF ARTS, Magna Cum Laude, Brown, Harvey F. Eddins, Berkley Franks, Lillie V. Granville, S. O. Holsey, Jack E. Hunter, W. J. Johnson, G. Z. Moore, Sara E. Moran, M. A. Price, C. S. Robertson, J. W. Smith, Oswald G. Tapscott, Gloria D. Toms, DeElla V. Williams, E. M. BACHELOR OF ARTS, Cum Laude Alford, Sterling G. Anderson, L. B. Fraser-Blache, J. F. Blount, H. M. S. Bright, Marea W. Bullock, Irma A. Clayton, Mary M. Cofer, Dorcas C. Coleman, John O. Davenport, Jessie M. Edmondson, S. H. Fields, Doris W. Foshee, Samuel G. George, Thelma V. Goodman, E. E., sr. Graham, Ruby Hackett, K. E. Hill, Daniel, G., III Hobson, Doris Holt, Ben E. Howerton, Elizabeth Johnson, Fannie D. Lane, Arthur L. Lomax, Charles E. McGhee, Marjorie Nix, Roscoe R. Revels, Flossie Rice, Jack G. Seme, Olga Smith, Cuthbert H. Smith, Olivia J. Smith, Robert P., jr. Thompson, Sally W. Veal, Nolan L. Ware, Ivan Warren, Yvonne M. Walters, Mary E. J. West, Willa V. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, Magna Cum Laude. Balkisoon Basdoo M. Banks, Lester Bourke, Joseph A., jr. Bragg, Arthur E. Haizlip, Doris E. Joseph, Alfred L. Nash, Juanita B. Patton, Vivian A. Stanislaus, Lamuel A. Stewart, William E. Tyson, Roberta N. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, Cum Laude. Allen, Fannie M. Anderson, Twidlyn J. Bacchus, Habeeb Banks, Nora L. Botts, Dorothy E. Bransman, C. T. Brantley, Edward J. Brock, Edward E. Campbell, Edwin A. Clarke, Wilhelmina Commissions, Jean C. Darrell, Gloria J. Dash, Carl L. Davis, Willis S. Donaldson, K. O. Early, Lavina A. Glenn, Edward B. Harper, James W. E. Harris, Oliver C. Hines, Bettie L. Khan, Mustapha M. Lane, Willard M., jr. Little, George A. Marshall, Louis C. Matthews, Aubrey R. Mitchell, S. C., jr. Myers, Betty G. Naranjit, Gilford E. Nicholas, Philip A. Nixon, Henry G., jr. Phillips, George McK. Polk, Ethel P. Ricketts, William N. Schoop, Robert C. Smith, Judith F. Smoot, Roland T. Townsend, Elmalee Thomas, Walter A. Ward, Dorothy E. Wells, William H. White, George E. Wortham, G. A. BACHELOR OF ARTS. Atkinson, Theresa Banks, Leon, sr. Banks, Jessie Banks, Wilhelmina Barbee, Dorothy J. Barnes, Alfred Barnes, Margaret Barnett, Mary Boyer, Edgar Bridges, Gynetha Bromery, Cecil Brown, Henry, jr. Brown, Kenneth E. Bryant, Irma Byers, Mildred Calloway, Helen Calloway, Muriel Campbell, Calvin Carr, Alice Carter, Juanita Cannon, William Charity, Edward J. Church, Thomas A. Clemmons, Doris Clifford, Happa Coaxum, Charlotte Collins, Pearls D. Cooper, John, jr. Covington, Robert Crocker, Reginald Curry, Norma Daniels, Dolores Dash, Gwendolyn Dawson, Dorothy Demby, Dorothy DeWalt, Billye Doub, Hubert Dunlap, Evelyn Dutch, William L. Early, Arthur Ethridge, Samuel Fagan, Estelle Fennell, Robert Fisher, Geraldine Franklin, Wesley T. Gardner, William Gipson, John Glover, Carrie B. Goggins, Faye L. Grant, Elmer Grayson, A. Sinclair Greenfield, Mary Gooden, John. jr. Hargrove, John Harris, Lois P. Hemmons, Luther Henderson, Cora Hill, Henry C. Holmes, George B. Hughes, Charlotte Hughes, Sara Hughes, Virginia Howard, Ozzuna Hunter, Earl L. Jackson, John Jacobs, Beatrice Jacobs, Thelma Johnson, Cleola Johnson, Edith Johnson, Frank, jr. Jones, Donald Jones, Shirley Keene, Josephine Kellam, Margie King, Harold Knox, Elena D. Laba[?], Armand Landers, Fred, III Leigh, Janice Loftis, Synora Luckett, Raye McCollum, Annette McCormick, Joseph McCrumby, Jean McKinney, Dorothy Mackey, Marian Magruder, Warren Mann, Geraldine H. Mavritte, jr,. Eugene Meadows, Janice Miller, Edna Mills, Millicent Mills, Sarah Mosely, Mary E. Moon, Mildred Moore, Beatrice A. Morgan, Merland Morrison, Doris C. Newbill, Rubye Nicholson, Louis Nicholas, J. N. Noble, Raymond Palmer, Warren G. Parks, Ann C. Parrish, Stephen Parson, Elvin B. Patrick, Elsie L. Perry, Edith P. Phillips, Evelyn B. Philyaw, Henry L. Prather, Margaret S. Pritchett, W. C. Qualls, Marian F. Randolph, Armeana Randolph, Doris A. Rankin, Eva J. Reynolds, Clarice L. Ruffin, Wilbur H. Sanderlin, Lew L. Scott, Shirley M. Shambry, L. M. Shelton, jr., T. J. Shipley, Joy Sims, William P. Singleton, Hattie Smith, Eloise F. Smith, Metta L. Smith, Nadine E. Smith, Nellie M. Smith, F., Walterio Smith, Lawrence E. Stanley, Alphonso Sutler, Wendell E. Sauls, jr.. Robert J. Talbert, Edward J. Tatum, Robert T. Terrance, Euretta F. Thompson, Dolores Threadgill, Gloria D. Truesdale, Bernice L. Turner, Sarah E. Townsel, Oscar J. Twigs jr.. Robert Venson, Harvey L. Venters, Carrie Ward, jr., George Ware, Jefferson H. Warren, Dolores L. Washington, Geo. L. Weaver, Kermit L. Weddington, T. H. Wells, Lemuel M. White, Wilfred J. White, Willrene M. Wilkinson, Leona Williams, Doris K. Williams, Gloria Wilson, Elaine E. Wimberley, Juanita Wood, Harry I. Wright, Georgia W. Young, Lucille E. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE Abbott, Dedis M. Adams, Barbara E. Allen, Mary F. Anderson Henry S. Anderson, Stanley Ayton, Leonidas A. Bacchus, Azeez Baker, Vernon G. Bethel, Albert A. Bell, Joseph H. Best, Kenneth A. Beverly, R. S., jr. Bland, Charles N. Bonterre, F. Booth, Naomi J. Boykin, Dorothea Brooks, Barbara E. Brooks, Mary L. Budhoo, Walter H. Campbell, Abbie J. Cary, Andrew J., jr. Catoe, Bette L. Carr, John Champagnie, D. W. Chance, Vincent F. Christian, Donald L. Clark, Helen R. Coleburn, N. L. Colson, Walter L. Colston, Channing Cumbo, Dorothy Cozier, Guy R. Dancy, Anita Y. Daughtry, Doris L. Davis, Matilda L. Davis, Melvin R., Jr. Davis, Barbara L. Johnson, W. O. D. De Laine, Cleoria L. Duke, H. R., jr. Enty, Jane E. Fields, Charles E. Friend, Robert J. Gadberry, Bernice Gant, Mildred E. Hall, Charles, Jr. Hall, William M. Hall, Inez Hardy, Johnnie M. Harris, Eva E. Harris, W.E., jr. Harrod, Dannette A. Hatcher, John R. Hillian, Felicia J. Holmes, Gretchen V. Houze, Henry O. Hudson, Audrey B. Hyatt, WIlliam R. Igun, Adenoia A. Jackson, Edward W. Jackson, W. Cox Jefferson, Gloria L. Johnson, H. E. Johnson, Mary E. Johnson, T. W. Johnston, Ursula M. Jordan, Blanche Just, Mary L. Keane, Horace J. Kyle, W. V. jr. Lawrence, D. A. Leach, Ralph E., jr. Lee, Audrey E. Leonard, George, jr. Levy, Agnes R. Lewis, Anna P. Lewis, James R Lindsey, Hughie L. London, Cedric E. Lopez, George A. McClean, Clyde G. Mabury, Jo Anne Madison, Gordon L. Mercer, Ereselle H. Miles, Doris M. Minor, Geraldine F. Mitchell, Walter Moss, Phyllis W. Mulchansingh. W. A. Musson, Mildred E. Mccoy, R. A., jr. McDonald. Edgar S. McGhee, John J. Nickens, Roland Parker, George A. Patrick, Carlton E. Peterson, Alphonse Pope, Addison W. Pullie, Alverado Richards, Arthur A. Riddick, Walter E. Rones, Elmer E. Rowland, Isaac H. Saunders. W. J. Sawyer, Doris C. Scott, Kelsey J. Seignoret, Eustace E. Selmour, Robert F. Simons, Phyllis T. Spottswood, S. P. Smith, Bertha L. Smith, Carlos M. Smith, Ernest R. Sneed, Edna M. Stain, Stanley Steel, A. R. Strudwick, W. J. Tanksley, Sallie M. Thomas, R. D. Thompson, V. R. Tillman, Eugene C. Toatley, Robert J. Travers, Ann V. Turner, Rodman L. Waldron, Leslie Wallace, David Whitmore, Janies H. Whitten, Alice A. Williams, L. A., jr. Williams, W. S. Woodyear, J. M. Yearwood, E. deL. BACHELOR OF MUSIC. Fleming, Attrus Grant, Alfreda C. Mott, Annie M. Latimer, Emma B. BACHELOR OF SCHOOL MUSIC, Summa Cum Laude. Mary W Davidson. BACHELOR OF LAWS. Arrington, Henry H. Boddie, Roy C. Bourne, J. Franklyn Calhoun, James L. Capehart. H. J., jr. David, King Gray, Robert W. Haden, Mabel D. Harris, Phillip A. W. Hightower. J. B. Hill, Horace E. Hood, David H., jr. Jones, Marion E. Lewis, Colston A. McClellen, Edna W. Parks, George B. Payne, Brown H. Pou, Arthur L. Smalley, Booker T. Swanson, Gregory H. Thomas, H. C., jr. Washington, W. E. Weaver, Bruce T. Wilbun, Shepperson Wright, Gloria O. DOCTOR OF MEDICINE. Banks, Cullen W. Banks, Leon O. Barber, Jesse B., jr. Bergeron, Joseph G. Berry, Charles S. Brooks, W. R., jr. Clark, Eugene A., jr. Cochran. S. J., jr. Combs, W. A., jr. Delgado, Joseph De Lilly, Mayo R. Edwards. L. C., jr. Ellison,Oscar, jr. Farmer, William L. Ford, Harold W. Foster, Pearl. D. Fountain, E. Bernard Francis, Henry L. French, David M. Gandy, WIlliam S. Gaskins. A. L., jr. Hackney, R. L., Jr. Hamilton, Geo. B. Hardin, Oscar A. Harper, Wm. H., jr. Harris, Bernard, jr. Hines, Clifton R. Holmes, John H., III Jordan, Carl A. Kennedy, Ralph C. Lee, John W. Leeper, Lucius W. Lewis, H.K., II Lewis, John H., jr. McMath, S.B., jr. Miller, Allison J. Moris, Pedro A. M. Nelson, Orra A. Nicholas, Joseph H. Nixon, Henry G., jr. Peal, James A. Perara. Mitchell M. Perry, Harold A. Powell, Charles P., jr. Reid, William F. Risher, Edward H. Robinson, C. H., jr. Scott, Douglas B. Smith, James A., jr. Swan, James E. Taliaferro, H. F. Telesford. A. R. Thompson. V. J., jr. Titus, John K., jr. Tompkins, C. A., jr. Trader, J. David Washington, H. M. Watson, Pearl A. Watts, Lloyd A. Weddington, W. H. West, Arthur M. West, George A. Williams, Joseph L. Winters, Harold V. DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY. Applewhite, H. L. Bass, Thomas B. Belfield, Irving E. Banks, Edward Carson, John M. Cawthon, LeRoy C. Christmas, B. H. Cohen, Richard Fitzroy, D. C. Floyd, Cleveland W. Garrett, J. B., jr. Gaskins, John F. Hawkins. R. A Haynes, Curtis C. Jackson, Stanley Jacobson, Jack Marquez, Martin E. McAlister, D. T. O'Connor, L. E. Brown, Clement A. Brown, Samuel J., jr. Byrd, Grace E. Calhoun, Noah R. Peagler, Fred D. Perkins, Robert E. Simons, Dennie L. Spann, James R. Stamps, H.F., II Tappan, Major W. Taylor, Harzel Taylor, J. A. Thompson, R. H., jr. Tribbitt, R. M., jr. Ware, E.E., jr. Wareham, Alton L. Wilson, C. N. Wilson, Woodrow Zwillenberg, M. S. CERTIFICATE IN ORAL HYGIENE. Isabelle F. Rose BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PHARMACY. Anderson, Harold H. Drake, Jesse N., jr. Hall, Estella M. Hendricks, C. M. Jefferson, Elsie M. Jenkins, Edward M. Jones, Everette B. Muse, Leonard Nelson, Christine S. Poynter, Evelyn L. Ross, Pearlyne A. Smith, Margaret P. MASTER OF ARTS. Bage, Elvena S. Barnett. Wilhelmina Baylor, Elsie B. Brown, G. G. Calhoun, Anne E. Coverdale, Clarence Denniston, Muriel Gray, Helen Hobson, Carol James, Adelaide Jones, Ruth H. Leigh, Katheryn M. Pitts, Claudia B. Pollock, Jaunice N. Smith, Shirley Steen, Anna Stevenson, J. H., jr. Tucker, James F. Watson, Ercell I. Wilson, Emily Wilson, WIlliam Yeldell, John C. MASTER OF SCIENCE. Armstrong, Doris E. Banks, Harvey, jr. Barnett, Evelyn E. Battle, Ethel Brooks, Martin F. Crawford, Claudine Drew, James B. Ferguson, George A. Hackley, Gwendolyn Handy, Benj.F., jr. Jefferson, Frederica Johns, Eugene H. Kirkland, Gladys L. Leacock, Kent. F. McCauley, Julliette McEachron, Shirley Shirley, Edwin, jr. Toms, Dolores C. Whyte, Esther C. Williams, Ola E. Wilson, Ruth H. MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK. Albert, Samuel L. Avery, Evelyn M. Bates, Paulina V. Bayton, Daisy A. Carrington, Mary A. Davenport, Otis C. Davis, Florence H. Jacobs, Frankie W. Johnson, Doris P. Johnston, Marion Jones, Dorothy R. McGlotten, Mildred Norville, Pauline Rouselle, Alfred A. Thompson, Elaine Tipton, B. Cores of the university, presided over the commencement ceremonies. Candidates for graduation were: BACHELOR OF ARTS, Summa Cum Laude, Alice L. McCoo. BACHELOR OF ARTS, Magna Cum Laude. Brown, Harvey F. Eddins, Berkley Franks, Lillie V. Granville, S. O. Holsey, Jack E. Hunter, W. J. Johnson, G. Z. Moore, Sara E. Moran, M. A. Price, C. S. Robertson, J. W. Smith, Oswald G. Tapscott, Gloria D. Toms, DeElla V. Willimas, E. M. BACHELOR OF ARTS, Cum Laude. Alford, Sterling G. Anderson, L. B. Fraser-Blache, J. F. Blount, H. M. S. Bright, Marea W. Bullock, Irma A. Clayton, Mary M. Cofer, Dorcas C. Coleman, John O. Davenport, Jessie M. Edmondson, S. H. Fields, Doris W. Foshee, Samuel G. George, Thelma V. Goodman, E. E., sr. Graham, Ruby Hackett, K. E. Hill, Daniel G., III Hobson, Doris Holt, Ben E. Howerton, Elizabeth Johnson, Fannie D. Lane, Arthur L. Lomax, Charles E. McGhee, Marjorie Nix, Roscoe R. Revels, Flossie Rice, Jack G. Seme, Olga Smith, Cuthbert H. Smith, Olivia J. Smith, Robert P., jr. Thompson, Sally W. Veal, Nolan L. Ware, Ivan Warren, Yvonne M. Waters, Mary E. J. West, Willa V. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, Magna Cum Laude. Balkisoon, Basdoo M. Banks, Lester Bourke, Joseph A., jr. Bragg, Arthur E. Haizlip, Doris E. Joseph, Alfred L. Nash, Juanita B. Patton, Vivian A. Stanislaus, Lamuel A. Stewart, William E. Tyson, Roberta N. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, Cum Laude. Allen, Fannie M. Anderson, Twidlyn J. Bacchus, Habeeb Banks, Nora L. Botts, Dorothy E. Brangman, C. T. Brantley, Edward J. Brock, Edward E. Campbell, Edwin A. Clarke, Rupert V. Clarke, Wilhelmina Commissiong, Jean C. Darrell, Gloria J. Dash, Carl L. Davis, Willis S. Donaldson, K. O. Early, Lavina A. Glenn, Edward B. Harper, James W. E. Harris, Oliver C. Hines, Bettie L. Khan, Mustapha M. Lane, Willard M., jr. Little, George A. Marshall, Louis C. Matthews, Aubrey R. Mitchell, S. C., jr. Myers, Betty G. Naranjit, Gilford E. Nicholas, Phillip A. Nixon, Henry G., jr. Phillips, George McK. Polk, Ethel P. Ricketts, William N. Schoop, Robert C. Smith, Judith F. Smoot, Roland T. Townsend, Elmalee Thomas, Walter A. Ward, Dorothy E. Wells, William H. White, George E. Wortham, G. A. BACHELOR OF ARTS, Atkinson, Theresa Banks, Leon, sr. Banks, Jessie Banks, Wilhelmina Barbee, Dorothy J. Barnes, Alfred Barnes, Margaret Barnett, Mary Boyer, Edgar Bridges, Gynetha Bromery, Cecil Brown, Henry, jr. Brown, Kenneth E. Bryant, Irma Byers, Mildred Calloway, Helen Calloway, Muriel Campbell, Calvin Carr, Alice Carter, Juanita Cannon, William Charity, Edward J. Church, Thomas A. Clemmons, Doris Clifford, Happa Coaxum, Charlotte Collins, Pearl D. Cooper, John, jr. Covington, Robert Crocker, Reginald Curry, Norma Daniels, Dolores Dash, Gwendolyn Dawson, Dorothy Demby, Dorothy DeWalt, Billye Doub, Hubert Dunlap, Evelyn Dutch, William L. Early, Arthur Ethridge, Samuel Faga, Estelle Fennell, Robert Fisher, Geraldine Franklin, Wesley T. Gardner, William Gipson, John Glover, Carrie B. Goggins, Faye L. Grant, Elmer Grayson, A. Sinclair Greenfield, Mary Gooden, John Jr. Hargrove, John Harris, Lois P. Hemmons, Luther Henderson, Cora Hill, Henry C. Holmes, George B. Hughes, Charlotte Hughes, Sara Hughes, Virginia Howard, Ozzuna Hunter, Earl L. Jackson, John Jacobs, Beatrice Jacobs, Thelma Johnson, Cleola Johnson, Edith Johnson, Frank, Jr. Jones, Donald Jones, Shirley Keene, Josephine Kellam, Margie King, Harold Knox, Elena D. Labat, Armand Landers, Fred III Leigh, Janice Loftis, Synora Luckett, Raye McCollum, Annette McCormick, Joseph McCrumby, Jean McKinney, Dorothy Mackey, Marian Magruder, Warren Mann, Geraldine H. Magritte, Jr., Eugene Meadows, Janice Miller, Edna Mills, Millicent Mills, Sarah Mosley, Mary E. Moon, Mildred Moore, Beatrice A. Morgan, Maryland Morrison, Doris C. New bill, Rubye Nicholson, Louis Nichols, J.N. Noble, Raymond Palmer, Warren G. Parks, Ann C. Parrish, Stephen Parson, Elvin B. Patrick, Elsie L. Perry, Edith P. Phillips, Evelyn B. Philyaw, Henry L. Prather, Margaret S. Pritchett, W.C. Qualms, Marian F. Randolph, Armeana Randolph, Doris A. Rankin, Eva J. Reynolds, Clarice J. Ruffin, Wilbur H. Sanderlin, Lew L. Scott, Shirley M. Shambry, L.M. Shelton, Jr., T.J. Shipley, Joy Sims, William P. Singleton, Hattie Smith, Eloise F. Smith, Metta L. Smith, Nadine E. Smith, Nellie M. Smith, F. Walterio Smith, Lawrence E. Stanley, Alphono Subtler, Wendell E. Sauis, Jr., Robert J. Talbert, Edward J. Tatum, Robert T. Terrance, Euretta F. Thompson, Dolores Threadgill, Gloria D. Truesdale, Bernice L. Turner, Sarah E. Townsel, Oscar J. Twigs, Jr., Robert Benson, Harvey L. Venters, Carrie Ward, Jr., George Ware, Jefferson H. Warren, Dolores L. Washington, Geo. L. Weaver, Kermit L. Weddington, T.H. Wells, Lemuel M. White, Wilfred J. White, Willrene M. Wilkinson, Leona Williams, Doris K. Williams, Gloria Wilson, Elaine E. Wimberley, Juanita Wood, Harry I. Wright, Georgia W. Young, Lucille E. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE. Abbott, Denis M. Adams, Barbara E. Allen, Mary F. Anderson, Henry S. Anderson, Stanley Ayton, Leonidas A. Bacchus, Azeem Baker, Vernon G. Bethel, Albert A. Bell, Joseph H. Berry, Earl H. Best, Kenneth A. Beverly, R.S., Jr. Bland, Charles N. Bonterre, F. Booth, Naomi J. Boykin, Dorothea Brooks, Barbara E. Brooks, Mary L. Budhoo, Walter H. Campbell, Abbie J. Cary, Andrew J., Jr. Canoe, Bette L. Carr, John Champagne, D.W. Chance, Vincent F. Christian, Donald L. Clark, Helen R. Coleburn, N.L. Colson, Walter L. Colston, Channing Cumbo, Dorothy Cozier, Guy R. Dancy, Anita Y. Daughtry, Doris L. Davis, Matilda L. Davis, Melvin R., Jr. Davis, Barbara L. Johnson, W.O.D. De Laine, Cleoria L Duke, H.R., Jr. Entry, Jane E. Fields, Charles E. Friend, Robert J. Gadberry, Bernice Gant, Mildred E. Hall, Charles, Jr. Hall, William M. Hall, Inez Hardy, Johnnie M. Harris, Eva E. Harris, W.E., Jr. Harrod, Deannette A. Hatcher, John R. Hillian, Felicia J. Holmes, Gretchen V. House, Henry O. Hudson, Audrey B. Hyatt, William R. Igun, Adeola A. Jackson, Edward W. Jackson, W. Cox Jefferson, Gloria L. Johnson, H.E. Johnson, Mary E. Johnson, T.W. Johnston, Ursula M. Jordan, Blanche Just, Mary L. Keane, Horace J. Kyle, W.V., Jr. Lawrence, L.A. Leach, Ralph E., Jr. Lee, Audrey E. Leonard, George, Jr. Levy, Agnes, R. Lewis, Anna P. Lewis, James R. Lindsey, Hughie L. London, Cedric E. Lopez, George A. McClean, Clyde G. Mabury, Jo Anne Madison, Gordon L. Mercer, Ereselle H. Miles, Doris M. Minor, Geraldine F. Mitchell, Walter Moss, Phyllis W. Mulchansingh, W.A. Musson, Mildred E. McCoy, R.A., Jr. McDonald, Edgar S. McGhee, John J. Nickels, Roland Parker, George A. Patrick, Carlton E. Peterson, Alphonse Pope, Addison W. Pullie, Alverado Richard's, Arthur A. Riddick, Walter E. Rones, Elmer E. Rowland, Issac H. Saunders, W.J. Sawyer, Doris C. Scott, Kelsey J. Seignoret, Eustace E. Selmour, Robert F. Simon's, Phyllis T. Spotswood, S.P. Smith, Bertha L. Smith, Carlos M. Smith, Earnest R. Sneed, Edna M. Stain, Stanley Steele, A.R. Strudwick, W.J. Tanksley, Sallie M. Thomas, R.D. Thompson, V.R. Tillman, Eugene C. Totally, Robert J. Travers, Ann V. Turner, Rodman L. Waldron, Leslie Wallace, David Whitmore, James H. Whitten, Alice A. Williams, L.A., Jr. Williams, W.S. Woodyear, J.M. Yearwood, E. deL. BACHELOR OF MUSIC Fleming, Attrus Grant, Alfreda C. Mott, Annie M. Latimer, Emma B. BACHELOR OF SCHOOL MUSIC, Summa Cum Laude. Mary W. Davidson BACHELOR OF LAWS. Arrington, Henry H. Boddie, Roy c. Bourne, J. Franklyn Calhoun, James L. Capehart, H.J. Jr. David, King Gray, Robert W. Haden, Mabel D. Harris, Phillip A.W. Hightower, J.B. Hill, Horace E. Hood, David H., Jr. Jones, Marion E. Lewis, Colston A. McClellen, Edna W. Parks, George B Payne, Brown H. Pou, Arthur L. Smaller, Booker T. Swanson, Gregory H. Thomas, H.C., Jr. Washington, W.E. Weaver, Bruce T. Wilbun, Shepperson Wright, Gloria O. DOCTOR OF MEDICINE Banks, Cullen W. II Banks, Leon O. Barber, Jesse B., Jr. Bergeron, Joseph G. Berry, Charles S. Brooks, W.R., Jr. Clark, Eugene A., Jr. Cochran, S.J., Jr. Combs, W.A., Jr. Delgado, Joseph De Lilly, Mayo R. Edwards, L.C., Jr. Ellison, Oscar, jr Farmer, William, L. Ford, Harold W. Foster, Pearl D. Fountain, E. Bernard Francis, Henry L. French, David M. Gandy, William S. Gaskins, A.L., Jr. Hackney, R.L., Jr. Hamilton, Geo. B. Hardin, Oscar A. Harper, Wm. H., Jr. Harris, Bernard, Jr. Hines, Clifton, R. Holmes, John H., III Jordan, Carl A. Kennedy, Ralph C. Lee, John W. Leeper, Lucius W. Lewis, H.K., II Lewis, John H., Jr. McMath, S.B., Jr. Miller, Allison J. Moris, Pedro A.M. Nelson, Orra A. Nichols, Joseph H. Nixon, Henry G., Jr. Peal, James A. Perara, Mitchell M. Perry, Harold A. Powell, Charles P., Jr. Reid, William F. Risher, Edward H. Robinson, C.H., Jr. Scott, Douglas B. Smith, James A., Jr. Swan, James E. Taliaferro, H.F. Telesford, A.R. Thompson, V.J., Jr. Titus, John K., Jr. Tompkins, C.A., Jr. Trader, J. David Washington, H.M. Watson, Pearl A. Watts, Lloyd A. Weddington, W.H. West, Arthur M. West, George A. Williams, Joseph L. Winters, Harold V. DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY. Applewhite, H.L. Bass, Thomas B. Belfield, Irving E. Banks, Edward Carson, John M. Cawthon, LeRoy C. Christmas, B.H. Cohen, Richard FitzRoy, D.C. Floyd, Cleveland W. Garrett, J.B., Jr. Gaskins, John F. Hawkins, R.A. Haynes, Curtis C. Jackson, Stanley Jacobson, Jack Marquez, Martin E. McAlister, D.T. O'Connor, L.E. Brown, Clement A. Brown, Samuel J., Jr. Byrd, Grace E. Calhoun, Noah R. Peagler, Fred D. Perkins, Robert E. Simons, Dennis L. Spann, James R. Stamps, H.F. II Tappan, Major W. Taylor, Harzel Taylor, J.A. Thompson, R.H., Jr. Tribbitt, R.M. Jr. Ware, E.E., Jr. Wareham, Alton, L. Wilson, C.N. Wilson, Woodrow Zwillenberg, M.S. CERTIFICATE IN ORAL HYGIENE. Isabelle F. Rose BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PHARMACY. Anderson, Harold H. Drake, Jesse N., Jr. Hall, Estelle M. Hendricks, C.M. Jefferson, Elsie M. Jenkins, Edward M. Jones, Everette B. Muse, Leonard Nelson, Christine S. Poynter, Evelyn L. Ross, Pearlyne A. Smith, Margaret P. MASTER OF ARTS Bage, Elvena S. Barnett, Wilhelmina Baylor, Elsie B. Brown, G.G. Calhoun, Anne E. Coverdale, Clarence Denniston, Muriel Gray, Helen Hobson, Carol James, Adelaide Jones, Ruth H. Leigh, Kathryn M. Pitts, Claudia B. Pollock, Jaunice N. Smith, Shirley Steen, Anna Stevenson, J.H. Jr. Tucker, James F. Watson, Ercell I. Wilson, Emily Wilson, William Yeldell, John C. MASTER OF SCIENCE. Armstrong, Doris E. Banks, Harvey, Jr. Barnett, Evelyn Battle, Ethel Brooks, Martin F. Crawford, Claudine Drew, James B. Ferguson, George A. Hackley, Gwendolyn Handy, Benj. F., Jr. Jefferson, Frederica Johns, Eugene H. Kirkland, Gladys L. Leacock, Kent F. McCauley, Juliette McEachron, Shirley Shirley, Edwin, Jr. Toms, Dolores C. Whyte, Esther C. Williams, Ola E. Wilson, Ruth H. MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK. Albert, Samuel L. Avery, Evelyn M. Bates, Pauline V. Bayton, Daisy A. Carrington, Mary A. Davenport, Otis C. Davis, Florence H. Jacobs, Frankie W. Johnson, Doris P. Johnston, Marion Jones, Dorothy R. McGlotten, Mildred Norville, Pauline Rouselle, Alfred A. Thompson, Elaina Tipton, B. Corea A Southerner Talking Chicago Defender by Lillian Smith. Nov. 13, 1948. I am sitting in my library before a log fire. Outside the sun is warm, the wind cold and blowy, the mountains shining like metal. A gust of wind now and then sends a thousand leaves across the windows in drenching-sheets of color. Yellows and purples and apple-pink falling everywhere. In the big old rock fireplace the hickory coals are red and glowing and purring like a big fat sleepy cat. There are many people who know this room that we call our library because of its two thousand books lining old log shelves. Sometimes it is fun to think of those who have been here; the hundreds of children talking so honestly and simply about everything; my own big family of brothers and sisters and nieces and nephews; and others also: the poet, Sterling Brown; the social scientists, Arthur Raper and Ira Reid; the writers, Fielding Burke, John Gunther; that great psychiatrist and humanist, Karl Menninger; the Broadway columnist, Ward Morehouse; Jose Ferrer, Mrs. Paul Robeson, and my beloved publisher who died, Curtice Hitchcock; Edwin Embree who means so much to so many of us; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell and Mrs. Benjamin Mays; Clark Foreman and his wife Mairi, who are now on opposite sides of politics from me but for whom I have great regard; Frank McCallister, whose work in the South most know and respect; Charles Bolte of AVC fame and his lovely wife, Mary. In this room have come White Supremacists, old-line Democrats, Wall Street Republicans, Socialists, Communists, Jews, Gentiles, Progressives, Negroes, whites, Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Nisei, French, German, CIO and AFL labor leaders, union men and shirt-sleeve farmers, great writers and men who cannot read or write their name, rural and city people, sculptors and painters, dancers, garage mechanics, and even a few Bostonians! Most of these have ‘broken bread with me’; all have shared ideas, told me of the places they live and sometimes talked of their childhood. A lot of people come here who are in trouble: it may be racial trouble or a book no one seems to want to publish; sometimes it is an anxiety or fear that will not leave the mind and so it is “talked over”; or the problem of a child who bed-wets or sucks her thumb too long or is failing in school or who has withdrawn into her ‘private room’ and slammed the door tight behind her. There has been fun here, too. I remember a house-party where we gathered together twenty five leaders who were doing something—each in his own way—to make the South a better place to live in; I remember gatherings of white and colored students who wanted to understand their South better and were ready now to put aside defenses and look at things as they are; I remember a party once for Karl Menninger when each person here seemed somehow to be his best self and what a radiant evening these ‘best selves’ made for all of us; I remember a group of twenty white and colored women who spent three days here simply as human being together; I remember a nephew who brought eight student leaders from Chapel Hill for a weekend, each so certain that he knew at least some of the answers to the old human dilemmas, and how in a few months they were scattered across the earth in a war that destroyed so many of their dreams and destinies. I remember especially the children who have been here, a thousand or more children over a period of twenty-five years growing at my camp in the summer time. While “Gene” Talmadge was never here, most of his friends have been here and many have sent their children to my camp. How strange is this world we live in! How wrong it is to stereotype people as all “good” or all “bad”; how hard it is to remember that there is a human being in each of us if we can but find him. I voted for Harry Truman, as I said, but I think the men we sent to Congress by our ballots are far more important than who our next President is. No matter who he is, his decisions, big and little, will be made or broken in large part by Congress. It is these men in Senate and House who hold democracy and its future in their hands. Yet behind them, are we, who can force them to delay or speed up the process of making a nation of mature human beings and a world where every child in it can grow. It is up to us; and up to us to remember that time in this atom age is rationed; we have only a little of it left now to make mistakes in. Once we could afford mistakes: there was always another century in which to correct our error. Now a dozen mistakes, if made, can send our little earth and all of us on it reeling into space in one big puff of Nothingness. (Copyright, 1948, by the Chicago Defender) THE OBERLIN NEWS-TRIBUNE, OBERLIN, OHIO. 6/17/48 Five Honorary Degrees Awarded at Oberlin College Commencement Frederick L. Fagley, Ira S. Bowen, Clarence E. Picket, President W.E. Stevenson, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Francis S. Hutchins. On Monday Oberlin College conferred honorary degrees on Dr. Ira S. Bowen, astronomer, Dr. Frederick L. Fagley, clergyman, President Francis S. Hutchins, educator, Clarence E. Pickett, American Friends executive, and Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, lecturer and author. Prof. L. W. Taylor, head of the physics department, presented Dr. Bowen, director of the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories, California, for the degree of doctor of science. Dr. Bowen, responsible for Palomar’s famed new 200-inch telescope, is a graduate of Oberlin, and studied also at the University of Chicago and the California Institute of Technology. Prof. Walter M. Horton presented Dr. Fagley for the degree of doctor of divinity. Dr. Fagley is the associate secretary of the General Council of Congregational Christian Churches, with a wide range of service as educator, author, pastor, church executive and leader. President Hutchins, president of Berea College, Kentucky, was presented by his Oberlin College classmate, Vice President Harold S. Wood, for the degree of doctor of laws. Clarence Evan Pickett, executive secretary of the American Friends Service Committee, was presented by Prof. John D. Lewis for the degree of doctor of humane letters. As pastor of a Friends Meeting, professor of Biblical Literature, and as executive of the AFSC, Mr. Pickett received the Nobel Peace Prize last year for his humanitarian work. Prof. Hope Hibbard of the department of zoology presented Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, lecturer, author, worker for the rights of women and for international understanding, for the degree of doctor of humane letters. Mrs. Terrell received both her A.B. And A.M. from Oberlin College and then studied for two years in France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. She was the first Negro woman, and one of the first two women ever, to serve on a Board of Education in America when she was elected to that board in Washington, D. C., and served on it for eleven years. In 1929 she was included on a list of Oberlin’s 100 most famous graduates and was one of the speakers at the 100th anniversary of the founding of Oberlin College. —Photo by A. E. Princehorn. The Guardian, Boston, Mass. ,October 29, 1949 gation For Colored is the Real Perma [*The Guardian, Boston, Mass - Oct. 29, 1949*] HONOR MARY CHURCH TERRELL The National Association of Colored Women honored Mary Church Terrell at a dinner in Washington, D. C., October 17. Many outstanding guests participated. Among them, Senator Langer, Dr. Nannie H. Burroughs, Mrs. Julia West Hamilton, Mrs. Mary E. Gregory, Dr. Ella P. Stewart, Mrs. Clarence F. Swift, and others. Fine mention was made of her book, "A Colored Woman in a White World," by Dr. Ralph Bunche. The following sonnet was featured on the program: To Mary Church Terrell A pioneer, she blazed a trail of light Through murky shadows, with a lithesome tread, Unto those forums, where Hope's beams are shed: Straight through the mighty cordon of the night, Rapt with a vision, soul-born clear and bright, Leaving the South of frigid wrong, she sped Into the North where hearts glow warm instead, A people's tragedy there to recite. Hope's liquid pipings lift their tender lay. Morn is waking, flushed with rosy gleam; Night with its shadow winds with yesterday Adorns the world-way as an inky stream. See time and harvest deftly interplay, And Life's fruition is its vital dream! GEORGIA DOUGLAS JOHNSON [*Star Monday Oct 10 49*] Dr. Mary C. Terrell To Be Honored Oct. 17 Dr. Mary Church Terrell will be honored with a dinner October 17 given by the National Association of Colored Women at the YWCA, Seventeenth and K streets N.W. Dr. Terrell was the association's first president, serving three terms from 1896 to 1901. Since then she has served as honorary president. Dr. Terrell, author of "A Colored Woman in a White World," is the widow of Robert Heberton Terrell, first colored judge of the District Municipal Court. Mrs. Terrell is being honored by the association for "her courageous stand in the fight for human rights." School Group Honors [*Duplicate*] Antioch Speakers Doubtful, But Warn "United Nations Must Work" [PICTURE] Yellow Springs, O. -- Recognizing there must be an understanding of democracy before "Toward World Community" -- the theme for the fourth annual Institute of International Relations -- can be accomplished, the first panel discussion yesterday was on that topic. Coming from Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, several students at the institute gathered before the panel in the Antioch college bookstore (1): left to right, Mrs. Robert Meffley, Toledo; Kenneth Cuthbertson, Columbus, director of the institute; Mrs. Cuthbertson, and Mrs. Alvenia Reeves, Cincinnati. Irving Morrissett Jr., 625 Grafton avenue, Dayton, read before the discussion (2). Speakers from the first three days' programs appeared (3) at the panel: left to right, Ranjit Chetsingh, Delhi, India; Milton Mayer, University of Chicago lecturer; Roy McCorkle, chairman; F. Wilhelm Sollmann, pre-Hitler Reichstag member, and Miss Dorothy Kenyon, former New York City municipal judge. Richard I. McKinney, Storer college president, joined the speakers. Morrissett (hand extended in No. 4) asked the audience of 150 to distinguish between "democracy and good life" shortly after Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Washington, D. C., who said she was the first Negro women in the world to be named to a board of education (center foreground), queried: "Do we have democracy in U.S.?" Several members of the audience took part in the discussion. Paul H. Smith of Yellow Springs (standing in No. 5) pointed out "democracy is not static." All of the speakers sought to define democracy in answer to question. The institute at Antioch college continues through Sunday with daily addresses and discussions. (Staff Photos by Lew Rock Jr.) The Dayton Herald Second News Section Monday, July 7, 1947 R. Marshall Stross Herald City Editor Yellow Springs, O., July 7.-- The United Nations (UN) should and must work, but the task is all but overwhelming. That would come as close as possible to consensus of five speakers appearing at the first three days' sessions of the fourth annual Institute of International Relations at Antioch college. The speakers were Ranjit Chetsingh, pioneer in India community center work and director of Quaker Centre at Delhi, India; Dorothy Kenyon, former New York City municipal court judge and U. S. delegate to the Commission on Status of Women of UN; Richard I. McKinney, president of Storer college, Harpers Ferry, W. Va.; Milton Mayer, University of Chicago lecturer and magazine writer, and F. Wilhelm Sollmann, member of the German Reichstag from 1920 to 1933. While the group probably could hardly be expected to agree on any given issue, that is what must come to pass if the UN and world co-operation are to be achieved. Hold Mass Interview In a mass interview which followed the institute's first panel discussion yesterday, the group came to loggerheads on all but one question. The exception was universal military training. Roy McCorkel, associate secretary of the American Friends Service committee, co-sponsor with Antioch college of the 10-day institute, offered to answer that question for the group. "We can say that we are all opposed," he said. There was a general nodding of heads, but Sollmann interrupted full approval with: "Military training in the United States is inevitable, if Russia and England adopt such a program." Mayer was least hopeful for the UN. He said: "The league of nations made progress -- in fields where there was no political conflict, but fell apart when facing such problems. First the gap between national sovereignty and super-sovereignty must be bridged." Miss Kenyon said of the UN, "it must work, although I'll admit there must be modifications." "We are making progress with the UN, with the sitting down of all countries," she added. Hit "Lack of Power" She and Sollmann criticized the lack of "international-mindedness" while Mayer deplored the "lack of power" in the UN for substantial results. Sollmann said: "The United Nations will work as a world forum, but will not be equal to solving all the world's problems." "We've come a long way forward," Chetsingh answered, finishing by comparing UN with any marriage. "There is no marriage without problems," he quipped. McKinney opined: "It's doubtful if the United Nations gather all the moral and spiritual powers in time to avert a third catastrophy." Sollmann expressed himself as being pessimistic about peace in five to 10 years. McKinney said the next three years will determine the prospects of peace. Chetsingh feared the 20-year - peace patterns between the last world conflicts would be followed again. U. S. "Greatest Threat" Chetsingh and Mayer felt the U. S. is the greatest threat to the world. Chetsingh said "America must restrain itself." Mayer termed President Truman's Greek-Turkish program "world conquest." When asked whether India must solve its own problems first, Chet urged steps to removed illiteracy so as to allow democracy to grow. One elderly woman in the audience injected: "Democracy begins in the home," while a young man pointed out "democracy is not static." Others in the audience charged lack of free mediums of expression in the United States, while several called for definitions. Going left or right with a limitation of one paragraph imposed, the speakers attempted to answer with the following definitions. McKinney -- "A political and social form of organization with equal opportunity for expression, similar to this meeting. Adequate self- realization of the best in one's self." Chetsingh -- "There it no such thing as a political democracy which is adequate. Democracy must help its individual to rise to higher level." Mayer -- "Good form of government is organization of all members of human community so as to develop human qualities of each member; with necessary service by whole community to assure individuals decent conditions for moral, spiritual and intellectual pursuits." Sollman -- "Democracy that has best been defined as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It is matter of masses." Kenyon -- "Control by the people of various institutions in pursuit of good life. Peace, security and freedom are what we want." Shortly thereafter when McCorkle terminated the discussion, Mayer commented: "That's a difficulty with democracy. We talk at it a few minutes and never get full answers expressed. We should talk all night." Said an observer: "Or all our lives, if we want democracy to live." YELLOW SPRINGS, O. -- Recognizing there must be an understanding of democracy before "Toward World Community"-- the theme for the fourth annual Institute of International Relations--can be accomplished, the first panel discussion yesterday was on that topic. Coming from Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, several students at the institute gathered before the panel in the Antioch college bookstore (1); left to right, Mrs. Robert Meffley, Toledo; Kenneth Cuthbertson, Columbus, director of the institute; Mrs. Cuthbertson, and Mrs. Alvenia Reeves, Cincinnati. Irving Morrissett Jr., 625 Grafton avenue, Dayton, read before the discussion (2). Speakers from the first three days' programs appeared (3) at the panel; left to right, Ranjit Chetsingh, Delhi, India; Milton Mayer, University of Chicago lecturer; Roy McCorkle, chairman; F. Wilhelm Sollmann, pre-Hitler Reichstag member, and Miss Dorothy Kenyon, former New York City municipal judge. Richard I. McKinney, Storer college president, joined the speakers. Morrissett (hand extended in No. 4) asked the audience of 150 to distinguish between "democracy and good life" shortly after Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Washington, D. C., who said she was the first Negro woman in the world to be named to a board of education (center foreground), queried: "Do we have democracy in U.S.?" Several members of the audience took part in the discussion. Pail H. Smith of Yellow Springs (standing in No. 5) pointed out "democracy is not static." All of the speakers sought to define democracy in answer to question. The institute at Antioch college continues through Sunday with daily addresses and discussions. (Staff Photos by Lew Rock Jr.) The Dayton Herald Second News Section MONDAY, JULY 7, 1947 R. MARSHALL STROSS Herald City Editor YELLOW SPRINGS, O., July 7,-- The United Nations (UN) should and must work, but the task is all but overwhelming. That would come as close as possible to consensus of five speakers appearing at the first three days' sessions of the fourth annual Institute of International Relations at Antioch college. The speakers were Ranjit Chetsingh, pioneer in India community center work and director of Quaker Centre at Delhi, India; Dorothy Kenyon, former New York City municipal court judge and U.S. delegate to the Commission on Status of Women of UN; Richard I. McKinney, president of Storer college, Harpers Ferry, W. Va.; Milton Mayer, University of Chicago lecturer and magazine writer, and F. Wilhelm Sollmann, member of the German Reichstag from 1920 to 1933. While the group probably could hardly be expected to agree on any given issue, that is what must come to pass if the UN and world co-operation are to be achieved. Hold Mass Interview In a mass interview which followed the institute's first panel discussion yesterday, the group came to loggerheads on all but one question. The exception was universal military training. Roy McCorkel, associate secretary of the American Friends Service committee, co-sponsor with Antioch college of the 10-day institute, offered to answer that question for the group. "We can say we are all opposed," he said. There was a general nodding of heads, but Sollmann interrupted full approval with: "Military training in the United States is inevitable, if Russia and England adopt such a program." Mayer was least hopeful for the UN. He said: "The league of nations made progress--in fields where there was no political conflict, but fell apart when facing such problems. First the gap between national sovereignty and super-sovereignty must be bridged." Miss Kenyon said of the UN, "it must work, although I'll admit there must be modifications." "We are making progress with the UN, with the sitting down of all countries," she added. Hit "Lack of Power" She and Sollmann criticized the lack of "international-mindedness," while Mayor deplored the "lack of power" in the UN for substantial results. Sollmann said: "The United Nations will work as a world forum, but will not be equal to solving all the world's problems." "We've come a long way forward," Chetsingh answered, finishing by comparing UN with any marriage. "There is no marriage without problems," he quipped. McKinney opined: "It's doubtful if the United Nations gather all the moral and spiritual powers in time to avert a third catastrophy." Sollmann expressed himself as being pessimistic about peace in five to 10 years. McKinney said the next three years will determine the prospects of peace. Chetsingh feared the 20-year- peace pattern between the last world conflicts would be followed again. U.S. "Greatest Threat" Chetsingh and Mayer felt the U. S. is the greatest threat to the world. Chetsingh said "America must restrain itself." Mayer termed President Truman's Greek-Turkish program "world conquest.' When asked whether India must solve its own problems first, Chetsingh replied: "Every country has its own problems, and, while I have no illusions about the United Nations, it has good intentions and is the only hope of the world. India must sup- port it." Louis Dolivet, editor of United Nations World, who was to have taken part in yesterday's program, had to leave early in the day be- cause of previous commitments. Dolivet had said, however, in an interview upon his arrival for the institute: "The gates of World War III will open when the gates to Lake Success close." Practicing democracy while they sought to define it with little result, the same five speakers led the institute's first panel discussion yesterday afternoon. McCorkie, serving as chairman, introduced the subject as "Democracy on a Worldwide Scale." Democracy Defined Several of the 150 present for the panel entered the discussion. Questions asked by the audience included : " What is democracy?" "Are we willing to pay the price?" "Do we have democracy in the U.S.?" Sollmann asserted "there never" urged steps to remove illiteracy so as to allow democracy to grow. One elderly woman in the audience injected: "Democracy begins in the home," while a young man pointed out " democracy is not static." Others in the audience charged lack of free mediums of expression in the United States, while several called for definitions. Going left or right with a limitation of one paragraph imposed, the speakers attempted to answer with the following definitions. McMinney ---"A political and social form of organization and with equal opportunity for expression, similar to this meeting. Adequate self- realization of the best in one's self." Chetsingh ---"There it no such thing as a political democracy which is adequate. Democracy must help its individual to rise to higher level" Mayer ---"Good from of government is organization of all members of human community so as to develop human qualities of each member; with necessary service by whole community to assure individuals decent conditions for moral, spiritual and intellectual pursuits." Sollman ---" Democracy that has best been defined as life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. It is matter of masses." Kenyon ---" Control by people of various institutions in pursuit of good life, Peace, security and freedom are what we want." Shortly thereafter when McCorkle terminated the discussion, Meyer commented: "That's a difficulty with democracy. We talk at it a few minutes and never get full answers ex- pressed. We should talk all night." Said an observer: "Or all our lives, if we want democracy to live." The Dayton Herald Second News Section Monday, July 7, 1947 The speakers were Ranjit Chetsingh, pioneer in India community center work and director of Quaker Centre at Delhi, India; Dorothy Kenyon, former New York City municipal court judge and U.S. delegate to the Commission on Status of Women of UN; Richard I. McKinney, president of Storer college, Harpers Ferry, W. Va.; Milton Mayer, University of Chicago lecturer and magazine writer, and F. Wilhelm Sollmann, member of the German Reichstag from 1920 to 1933. While the group probably could hardly be expected to agree on any given issue, that is what must come to pass if the UN and world co-operation are to be achieved. Hold Mass Interview In a mass interview which followed the institute's first panel discussion yesterday, the group came to loggerheads on all but on question. The exception was universal military training. Roy McCorkel, associate secretary of the American Friends Service committee, co-sponsor with Antioch college of the 10-Day institute, offered to answer that question for the group. "We can say we are all opposed," he said. There was a general nodding of heads, but Sollmann interrupted full approval with: "Military training in the United States is inevitable, if Russia and England adopt such a program." Mayer was least hopeful for the UN. He said: "The league of nations made progress—in fields where there was no political conflict, but fell apart when facing such problems. First the gap between national sovereignty and super-sovereignty must be bridged." Miss Kenyon said of the UN, "it must work, although I'll admit there must be modifications." "We are making progress with the UN, with the sitting down of all countries," she added. Hit "Lack of Power" She and Sollmann criticized the lack of "international-mindedness," while Mayer deplored the "lack of power" in the UN for substantial results. Sollmann said: "The United Nations will work as a world forum, but will not be equal to solving all the world's problems." "We've come a long way forward," Chetsingh answered, finishing by comparing UN with any marriage. "There is no marriage without problems," he quipped. McKinney opined: "It's doubtful if the United Nations gather all the moral and spiritual powers in time to avert a third catastrophy." Sollmann expressed himself as being pessimistic about peace in five to 10 years. McKinney said the next three years will determine the prospects of peace. Chetsingh feared the 20-year peace pattern between the last world conflictions would be followed again. U.S. "Greatest Threat" Chetsingh and Mayer felt the U.S. is the greatest threat to the world. Chetsingh said "American must restrain itself." Mayer termed President Truman's Greek-Turkish program "world conquest." When asked whether India must solve its own problems first, Chetsingh replied: "Every country has its own problems, and, while I have no illusions about the United Nations, it has good intentions, and is the only hope of the world. India must support it." Louis Dolivet, editor of United Nations World, who was to have taken part in yesterday's program, had to leave early in the day because of previous commitments. Dolivet had said, however, in an interview upon his arrival for the institute: "The gates of World War III will open when the gates to Lake Success close." Practicing democracy while they sought to define it with little result, the same five speakers led the institute's first panel discussion yesterday afternoon. McCorkle, serving as chairman, introduced the subject as "Democracy on a Worldwide Scale." Democracy Defined Several of the 150 present for the panel entered the discussion. Question asked by the audience included: "What is democracy?" "Are we willing to pay the price?" "Do we have democracy in the U.S.?" Sollman asserted "there never has been much democracy in the world," recalling it's only been 20-30 years that women have had franchise. Miss Kenyon objected franchise no longer was an issue, and [?] DELTAS DINE SISTER SOROR Feb. 1 - 1941 Duplicate [PICTURE] A part of the large Iota group of Iota Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority who had as special guest at Slade's Barbecue last Saturday night Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D.C., author of the recent autobiography "A Colored Woman in a White World" who had come to Boston to speak at the Sorority's Founder's Day Program in Twelfth Baptist Church. Rear, left to right: Vivian Hodge, Mrs. Walton, Lillian Gideon, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Marie Rudd Thomas, president, Beulah Woods, Myrtis Andrews. Front row, left to right: Evelyn Andrews, Drina Stewart, Edith Brown, Evelyn Cardoza. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1949 THE PITTSBU Thanksgiving Tornado [V] Funeral Is Held Next Day HACKNEYVILLE, Ala. -- One of three tornadoes to strike in four communities in this area early Thursday evening, wiped out an entire family of ten persons, destroyed their two-room home in the process and deposited it 300 yards away on a second house in which all persons miraculously escaped death. It was "Black Thursday" for the family of Sam Hawkins, and his wife, Agnes, who with other members of the group had only shortly before returned from painting the Camp Ground Church in this community. * * * SCORES OF other persons throughout the state were injured by the sudden, rolling black winds, which also took the lives of several white persons and wreaked havoc on property estimated at several hundred thousand dollars. By late evening the Red Cross had units active throughout the damaged communities and Governor Folsom had dispatched National Guard units to damaged areas. Besides Mr. and Mrs. Hawkins, members of their family killed were Alice Rae Hawkins, 14; Lillie Mae, 18; Alberta, 22; Bennie L. Booker, Robert L. Butler, Billy James Thomas, Bobby W. Thomas and Dora Gladys Thomas. The group comprised three generations of the Hawkins' family. The Hackneyville disaster occurred about 5:15 when the tornado picked up the Hawkins' home and carried it across the highway to the residence against which it was flattened. Counties in which the winds struck were Blount, Dekalb and Tallapoosa. * * * MASS FUNERAL SERVICES were held for the Hawkins' family Friday afternoon, less than twenty-four hours after their lives were snatched away. Well-thought of by their neighbors, the Hawkins' funeral was attended by scores of persons who seemed to know as little as did the victims about what transpired except that death painted Thanksgiving a tragic Black Thursday for scores of persons in the area. The residence upon which the Hawkins' homes were deposited was that of Mrs. Ethel Hicks and her nine children. The buildings were smashed together into one piece of mass debris, where only one side of a wall was left standing. The Hickses were happily in that section of the four-room house. - "FORTIETH IN '50" - YOU ARE ENTERING THE AMERICAN SECTOR CARRYING WEAPONS OFF DUTY FORBIDDEN OBEY TRAFFIC RULES VOUS ENTREZ DANS LE SECTEUR AMERICAN DEFENSE DE PORTER [RES ADNES] EN DEHORS DU SERVICE OBEISSEZ AUX REGLES DE CIRCULATION At World Hot Spot thespians, touring Europe, the three- language sign which der between the American [an] Committees of Five Tops S. C. State ----------- ORANGEBURG, S. C. ---- A five-man committee will carry on the duties of president of South Carolina Stars A. and M. College, according to an official letter sent to each appointed member by W. C. Bethea, secretary of the Board of Trustees. Kirkland W. Green, dean of the Mrs. Terrell's Life To Be Dramatized [*Pittsburgh Courier Aug 6 - 49*] The life of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, famous author and lecturer, will be dramatized by the National Broadcasting Company Sunday, Aug. 7, over Radio Station WMAQ in Chicago. Her life story will be a feature of the famous program "Destinatiton, Freedom," heard Sundays from 10 to 10:30 A. M. (CDT). There was doubt this week, however, whether the broadcast would be heard in Washington. A receptionist for WRC, local outlet of NBC is considering running a transcription of the broadcast, because of large number of local requests. Mrs. Terrell, life-long Washington resident, is now vacationing at Highland Beach, in Anne Arundel County, Md. GH COURIER SATURDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1949 [PICTURE] AT NACW TEA--Participating in the Southwest Regional Tea held recently at headquarters of the National Association of Colored Women, Inc., were Mrs. Mary Campbell, Miss India J. Watkins, Mrs. Beulah J. Murphy, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Mrs. Rosa L. Gragg, Mrs. Theodore Lee Purnell, Miss Mayme Mehlinger, Miss M. Louise Tyler. The tea was planned by the Southwest Regional Association of Colored Women, of which Mrs. Genevieve M. Weaver of Muskogee, Okla., is president.--Cabell Photo. NACW Prexy Speaks At Fellowship Tea Of Southwest Regional Mrs. Ella P. Stewart, national president of the National Associa- tion of Colored Women, Inc., briefly addressed more than a hundred persons attending the Southwest Regional tea here last Sunday. Mrs. Stewart, en route at the time to Toledo, Ohio, after par- ticipating in the fourteenth annual convention of the National Council of Negro Women, presented Mrs. Beulah J. Murphy, who presided at the tea. TO CREATE FELLOWSHIP The tea, designed to create fellow- ship and observe headquarters day of the National Association, was called by the Southwest Regional Association of Colored Women, rep- resenting the States of Arkansas, Arizona, California, Oklahoma, Louisiana, New Mexico and Texas. Members of these unable to at- tend the tea which was held at 1114 O Street, N. W., were represented by proxies, formerly members of the Southwest Region, now living in Washington. Among out-of-towners attending the tea were Mmes. Mamie Fields of Charleston, S.C.; Reber Harris, Toledo, Ohio; Mrs. Maye Church Wright, Denver, Col.; Rosa L. Gragg, Detroit, Mich.; Nellie F. Francis, Daytona Beach, Fla.; and Miss Lorraine King, Bluefield, W. Va. OTHERS ATTENDING Others attending included: Mmes. Hilda Martin, Nellie Carroll, Flor- ence Davis, Mary E. C. Gregory, Doris Daniels, Bessie Clark, Iona Campbell, M. Louise Tyler, Nellie Weaver Greene, Mayme C. Meh- linger, Helen T. Harper, Catherine L. Smith, H. Corinne Lowry, Wilda Marshall, Bernice Morgan, Marian H. Elliott, Mary C. Campbell, Edna M. Dabney, Vernetta D. Black, Jos- ephine E. Gregg, Mayme C. Wil- liams, Olive Fennell, Bessie L. Brown, Mary Church Terrell, Mat- tie M. Randall, Corinne Parker, Carrie Hackley, L. Bentley, Theo- dore L. Purnell, Mary Jenkins, Laura M. Boyd, Naomi Jackson, Georgia E. Carter, Olivia M. Ham- mond. Mrs. Elizabeth P. Gordon of 1112 Eaton Road, S. E., recently re- turned from Virginia State Col- lege at Petersburg, Va., where she participated in the christening of her granddaughter on Nov. 20. The four and a half month baby was christened Linda Gordon How- ard in services conducted by the Rev. Samuel Lucius Gandy, min- ister of Virginia State College, in the institution's chapel. The daugh- ter of Dr. and Mrs. Roscoe C. How- ard, the baby wore a gown of white fashioned of imported organdy with alternating rows of val lace and tuck over a slip of Swiss batiste. Participating in the service in ad- dition to Mrs. Gordon was her husband, Howard W. Gordon, Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Robinson of Richmond, godparents, and Mrs. Alice G. Willis, aunt of the baby MARY CHURCH TERRELL - HARRIET TUBMAN Two Great Women Harriet Tubman fought the hard fight for freedom with firearms because she could neither read nor write. Mary Church Terrell is fighting for the same cause using words instead of bullets. There is a parallel in the two lives. In much the same manner as Harriet Tubman was called the "Moses of her People," so might these words be used to describe her contemporary, Mary Church Terrell. Born in 1863, about 29 years before Harriet's death, Mrs. Terrell, like the famed conductor of the underground railroad, has waged a tireless battle against the suppression of her people. Both of these women have fought for democratic action with every weapon they possessed. Waged Physical Battle Harriet, because of her lack of education--she couldn't read nor write--waged a physical battle, leading freedom bands northward from slavery. Mrs. Terrell, college graduate, and former teacher, has waged a legal fight against discrimination--one of which she recently won in the U.S. Supreme Court. Both Harriet and Mrs. Terrell answered the need for their times. Fought Discrimination Harriet saw the need of physical removal of slaves from white plantation owners. Mrs. Terrell fought the more subtle, but equally hard, fight against the invisible barriers of discrimination. Both women are inescapably the product of their environment. Escaped to Freedom Harriet, who was born around 1823, escaped from slavery in Maryland, when she was about 26, with only the north star to guide her in her flight to Philadelphia. Although Mrs. Terrell was born during the slave era, she was the child of free parents. At the comparable age when Harriet was returning stealthily to Maryland and leading her relatives and other slaves northward, Mrs. Terrell had received an A.B. degree from Oberlin college and was completing three years of study in Europe. On School Board At an age when Harriet was carrying a pistol through swamps, thickets, rain and cold, Mrs. Terrell was a district high school teacher, and a few years later was the first colored woman ever appointed to the D.C. school board--a position she held for 11 years. At an age when Harriet was wanted by authorities for her underground activities and large rewards were offered for her capture, Mrs. Terrell organized and became first president of the National Association of Colored Women. Women's Rights Several years later she began her fight for women's suffrage which continued until the suffrage amendment was passed in 1920. Harriet too, was interested in women's rights. During a time when neither colored nor white women could vote, she spoke on women's rights at a great suffrage meeting and was roundly applauded. Both women possessed a warm and generous nature. Sense of Humor Harriet had a great sense of humor. She enjoyed telling the story on herself of how, not being able to read, she once sat down to sleep on a park bench beneath a sign offering a big reward for her capture. Mrs. Terrell, as chairman of the Co-ordinating committee for the Enforcement of the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws, won a favorable decision from the U.S. Supreme Court in upholding the "lost" laws of 1872-1873, which banned jim crow against all well-behaved persons in D.C. restaurants. Reaps Harvest Like Harriet, whose home in Auburn, N.Y. is preserved as a memorial to her achievements, Mrs. Terrell, now 90, has lived to reap the harvest of her efforts. The widow of Judge Robert Terrell, first colored Municipal Court judge in the District, Mrs. Terrell has received numerous awards, and many distinguished affairs have been held in her honor. Like Harriet, she will always stand as a symbol of American democracy--throughout the nation and in the eyes of the world. [?] [Nov. 27; 48] Asbury Honors Dr. Williams, Wife on 18th Anniversary Dr. and Mrs. Robert M. Williams of Asbury Methodist Church were honored at a reception recently in celebration of the church and the 112th anniversary of Dr. Williams's pastorate of the church. Many outstanding citizens were represented on the program including the Rev. J. F. Whitfield, president of the Interdenominational Alliance; Belford Lawson, national president of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity; Mrs. A. P. Shaw, wife of Bishop A. P. Shaw, who spoke on her trip to Europe; the Rev. C. S. Briggs and E. L. Lofton, Mesdames Mary Church Terrell and Julia West Hamilton. Music was furnished by the choirs of the church. Mrs. Ida S. Taylor was chairman of the committee. Presented Gifts Dr. Williams was presented with a Mexican sombrero made of one-dollar bills, in memory of his recent trip to Europe, and his wife, Mrs. Lyda Williams, with a vest made of one-dollar bills as gifts from the church. Bishop A. P. Shaw preached last Sunday morning. A fellowship dinner followed which included among the guests, Bishop and Mrs. A. P. Shaw, Dr. and Mrs. John W. Hayward, Perry W. Howard and many others in cluding representatives from Africa and India. Mrs. Sarah C. Moore was in charge. Urgent!! [*$*] SEND IN YOUR PLEDGE! Our treasurer, Dr. Ferebee, tells us that more than 316,000 was pledged at the 1947 convention, but that less than one-third June Telefact 1948 Congratulations! Congratulations are in order for - MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL, Washington, D.C. who received an Honorary Degree from Howard University this year; MISS RUTH SCOTT, MRS. GERTRUDE ROBINSON, PRESIDENTS OF [????] ______________________________________________________________ The Californian Eagle. [???] 27, 1949 Mary Church Terrell Honored by NACW The National Association of Colored Women honored Mary Church Terrell at a dinner, Washington, D.C., October 17th. Many outstanding guests participated. Among them, Senator Langer, Dr. Nannie H. Burroughs, Mrs. Julia West Hamilton, Mrs. Mary E. Gregory, Dr. Ella P. Stewart, Mrs. Clarence F. Swift, and others. Fine mention was made of her work, "A Colored Woman in a White World," by Dr. Ralph Bunche. The following sonnet was featured on the program. Sonnet: To Mary Church Terrell -Lecturer A pioneer, she blazed a trail of light Through murky shadows, with a lithesome tread Unto those forums, where Hope's beams are shed: Straight through the mighty cordon of the night, Rapt with a vision, soul-born Leaving the South of frigid wrong, she sped Into the North, where hearts glow warm instead, A people's tragedy there to recite. Hope's liquid pipings lift their tender lay. Morning is waking, flushed with rosy gleam, Night with its shadow winds with yesterday Adorn the world-way as an inky stream. See time and harvest deftly interplay. And Life's fruition is its vital dream! Georgia Douglas Johnson Washington, D.C. more or less--and nobody hanged for it, apparently. However, on the other hand, any married man normally sensitive to the rules of fair play governing honest married behavior knows in his bones, without being told, that dining with a single woman has entered the field of wrong-doing if he chooses not to mention it to his wife, or if he feels a need to be elaborately "casual" in referring to it, or if the shared intent of the diners is to evoke or encourage "heart"-interest. From what you say of Bob's responses to your questions, it seems evident that he was on the defensive against his conscience before gossip reached you about his seeing Libby after work. Also, that he feels consciously guilty of unfair play, perhaps to both women, [photograph] These beauties were [seen?] tional Rose Show at [W?] Lothrop yesterday. Many [vari?] world's favorite flower form [?] National Rose . . . By Lucia Brown The room was full of roses came to see them--at [Woodwar?] yesterday. By 5:30 p.m., some 18,000 persons [?] past the magnificent displays of [?] blossoms at the National Rose Show [?] half the sixth floor of the store, [?] afternoon at 5:30. A red-and-white striped rose is [?] new varieties introduced in the[?] unnamed, it was developed at the Pana. . . new one is "Happiness," a long-stem [?] grown in Indiana and featured in[?] Portrait of Roses" exhibit. The[?] yellow "Golden Scepter," which [?] York State and is presented in a [?] built around a huge crown. On a Christmas Tree Roses that bloom on a Christmas [?] drawing many admiring "oh's" and[?] [yes]terday. Dozen of lovely red blossom[?] to a big "snow-bound" evergreen [?] one of the model rooms. Beneath [?] playing with Christmas toys. On the Washing.[?] Mrs. Fred Vinson, wife of the Chief Justice, was ranking guest at the luncheon given yesterday by Mrs. Morris Gewirz in honor of Miss Minerva Bernardino. The event took. . . 300 Pay Tribute At 'YW' Dinner to Dr. Mary Terrell Dr. Mary C. Terrell, honorary president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Women, was honored at a dinner last night for her "courageous stand in the fight for human rights." More than 300 persons, including Senator William Langer (R., N Dak.) and Mrs. Clarence F. Swift, president of the Washington branch, American University Women, gathered at the YWCA, 17th and K sts. nw. to pay tribute to her. Dr. Terrell was the association's first president, serving three terms from 1896 to 1901. Mrs. Terrell Honored for Rights Battle "MY GOOD FRIEND Susan B. Anthony referred to herself as a girl until she was 80," quipped 86-years-young Mrs. Mary Church Terrell." So I don't see why I can't call myself a girl." Mrs. Terrell worked with Susan B. Anthony, the great suffrage leader, in the fight to give women the vote. At the age of 16, Mrs. Terrell, the only girl in a class of 40 at Oberlin College, shocked the male students by insisting on "Equal Rights for Women." To that end she proposed a Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution and was roundly ridiculed by her classmates. But she has never ceased her fight for equal and human rights for all. So it was fitting that the National Association of Colored Women, Inc., should recognize and express appreciation vocally for her last night at a testimonial dinner, held at the YWCA. Educators, civic and organization leaders turned out at the fete honoring Mrs. Terrell, first president of the D.C. NACW, read greetings from 43 State branches of the organization. Among those praising Mrs. Terrell were Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune, president, National Council of Negro Women; Mrs. Julia West Hamilton, president, Phyllis Wheatley YWCA; Mrs. Virginia Durr of the Anti-Poll Tax Committee, and Mrs. Clarence Swift of the Washington Branch, American Association of University Women. Mrs. Ella P. Stewart, president, National Association of Colored Women, presided and presented a plaque to the honoree. In response, Mrs. Terrell traced the history of the association which she helped to found. She recalled that the association grew out of a merger of two organizations in July 1896. These two were the National Federation of Afro-Women, founded 1895 in Boston, and the Colored Women's League, founded here in June, 1892. The late Carrie Chapman Catt, suffrage leader and one of the founders of the National League of Women Voters, wrote, "There is one graduate of Oberlin that I know better and admire more than most of her fellow alumni. Mary Church Terrell, class of 1884, by exceptional ability, has brought honor to her college, her sex and her race." After receiving B. A. and M. A. degrees from Oberlin College, Mrs. Terrell returned to speak at the college's 100th anniversary. Her alma mater not only bestowed upon her the honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters, but listed her among its 100 most famous alumnae. Howard and Wilberforce Universities also gave the same honorary degree to her. Mrs. Terretll was one of the first two women ever appointed to the D.C. Board of Education, a position she held for 11 years. Four OBERLIN ALUMNI BULLETIN Third Quarter, 1948 Five Honorary Degrees Presented on June 14 Honorary degrees were conferred by President W.E. Stevenson on five illustrious guests during Oberlin's commencement ceremonies on June 14. The recipients were: Prof. Ira S Bowen, noted astronomer, director of the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories in California and of the famed new 200-inch Palomar telescope; President Francis S. Hutchins of Berea College; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, distinguished lecturer and author; Rev. Frederick L. Fagley, associate secretary of the General Council of Congregational Christian Churches; and Clarence E. Pickett, executive secretary of the American Friends Service Committee. Excerpts from the presentation statements, and President Stevenson's citation are reprinted as follows: Mary Church Terrell Presented by Miss Hope Hibbard, professor of zoology. Mr. President: Oberlin College, proud of its tradition of making no distinction as to race or sex in the make-up of its faculty and student body, is of course primarily interested in education. It is natural that the educational concern of such an institution should extend to international affairs. Therefore it is a particular pleasure to have a part in recognizing the achievements of one of her daughters who has done much to make Oberlin's philosophy more universal. Mary Church Terrell, who received her bachelor's degree sixty years ago and her master's four years later, has throughout her life carried forward Oberlin's ideals, which she made her own, in the fields of international cooperation, the rights of women, the advancement of Negroes and education. Her name stands in the list, compiled in 1929, of Oberlin's 100 most illustrious alumni. Her interest in international affairs, stimulated by three years' study abroad, and her concern for the rights of women, resulted in her being named one of the principal speakers at the quinquennial International Congress of Women in Berlin, an address which she gave in English, French and German. Likewise, after the first World War she was unanimously chosen to speak for the American delegates at the first large convention of the International League for Peace and Freedom, in Switzerland. In furthering the cause of equality for members of her race, it is to her credit that she helped organize and was the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, and was a charter member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Her interests in education are exemplified by the facts that she has taught in high school, in Wilberforce University, and she was one of the first two women ever to become members of an American Board of Education, a position which she held for eleven years, longer than any member had ever served before. In addition to these pioneering accomplishments, plus the giving of many lectures throughout the United States and the preparation of numerous published articles, she found time to fashion a gracious home for her family; her husband, a Harvard graduate and a federal judge in the District of Columbia, and their two daughters. President's Citation Mary Church Terrell, loyal daughter of Oberlin; living symbol and exponent of those great concerns which have been historically the concerns of the College; profitable servant, returning talents ten-fold: in the name of your college I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters. Photo caption: MARY CHURCH TERRELL, L.H.D. IRA SPRAGUE BOWEN, Sc.D. Of the five distinguished citizens who received honorary doctorates from Oberlin on June 14, four were Oberlin alumni, and two of these are pictured above as the colorful hoods symbolizing their degrees were adjusted by Professors Leonard Stidley and Clarence Ward. [000019] WE HAVE A NEGRO HEALTH WEEK, A NEGRO HISTORY WEEK, WHY NOT A NEGRO PUBLIC CONDUCT, APPEARANCE, INDUSTRY AND SAVINGS WEEK? WE FIGHT FOR OUR RIGHTS, WHY NOT SO CONDUCT OURSELVES AS TO CAUSE THE WHITES, TO SEE THE INJUSTICE OF WITHHOLDING THEM? LONG YEARS AGO, WE STARTED THE BATTLE FOR GOOD CONDUCT, CLEAN CLOTHING, WEEKLY SAVING, LESS SPENDING. When will pulpit and press, Our educated and the rest, Realize this necessity, And do their best? Dabney 5c in U.S. and Canada! "Little but loud!" The Union 10c In Europe & Africa! "Poor but proud" Entered as second-class matter, February 13, 1907, at the Post Office at Cincinnati, Ohio, under the Acts of Congress of March 1, 1879 VOLUME XXXXII CINCINNATI, OHIO, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1948 No. 23 SIR IRA F. LEWIS CALLED ABOVE, WHERE ALL IS JOY AND PEACE AND LOVE. COUNT A.J. GARY OF NEW YORK WRITES THE NEWS New York.--Death must come to all men even when the general public can ill afford to lose them. So it is with one of our greatest friends and member of the Fourth Estate--Ira F. Lewis, 64, president of the Pittsburgh Courier Publishing Company and its genera manager, who died here Saturday at the Hotel Commodore after having suffered a heart attack. He had left Manhattan General Hospital on Thursday, apparently improved, but later suffered a cerebral hemorrhage Saturday at his hotel quarters and was placed in an oxygen tent. Mr. Lewis was a tireless worker in race relations and was a frequent vistor at the White House. He came to the Pittsburgh Courier in 1914 and through Robert L. Vann, its late publisher and owner was made general manager. He was a leader of mankind and made everyone his friend. The Union expresses its deep sympathy to his widow, the for- . . . are four other Negro officers holding commissions in the Marine Corps Reserve. 1,535 are enlisted in the Fleet Marine Force, Security Forces of which 400 were on Steward duty. ----- Democracy at work in New York.--The New York Guard, State War Disaster Military Corps from all sections of the state are now training together at the famous Camp Smith--first time in history of the states military. White troops are encamped with colored troops with officers of both groups fraternizing and cooperating. Twenty-nine separate units of the New York National Guard have been brought together and assigned to two provisional regiments. The camp consists of 1-200 guardsmen. Five hundred are colored from the 715th AAA Regiment, the 176th Military Police Battalion and the 369th AAA Regiment (Colored. Major Emanuel A. Lucas and Major Alonzo Brown are the colored staff members. All declare that the morale is high and no friction or misunderstanding has arisen. The non-segregated policy suggested by Presiden . . . Attorney Blythe's threat But the Lord keeps Dabney, Living yet. Amen! IN:RE THE FOUR DOLLARS! August 20, 1948 Hon. W. P. Dabney, Editor of The Union Dear Sir: I have been retained by the most worth Dr. W. T. Nelson, who is a great leader of the youth and old, of this and many other cities. My clients' complaint is that he thinks the recent tirade for many months has been aimed at him although no names were mentioned. Now we have proof. We think that you can be sued for blackmail, slander, libel and disorderly conduct. If these articles are not discontinued in your paper you can look for the worst. HOWEVER, IN CONCLUSION, I WILL SAY THAT IF YOU WANT TO SETTLE THIS MATTER, YOU CAN MAIL DR. NELSON A RECEIPT FOR THE $4.00. Yours truly, Owen K. Blythe, Atty. "Sex Cures" an age-old . . . U.A.N.M. Financial Plan New York--Backed by the promised support of prominent United States Representatives, the Universal African Nationalist Movement, Inc., 100-2 West 116th Street, New York, recently petitioned the United States Government for financial and materal aid to carry through its gigantic plan of Voluntary Immigration of the peoples of African Blood and descent in the U.S. to Liberia, West Africa, to settle and engage in the industrial development of that country. Benjamn Gibbons, President of the UANM, INc., announced that the Representatives with whom he conferred, were convinced that Liberia is a fertile, well-watered land, rich in natural resources and capable of sustaining an immense population and gave assurances that the Movement's petition will receive their backing when the United States Congress convenes. The UANM, Inc. Leader strongly declared: "This plan is not a "Back to Africa" Movement--Liberia is offering us a chance and with the necessary backing we can go places." "Twas the end of a perfect day," When the Elks "folded their tents, And silently stole away." They had arrived in a blaze of glory, And on their departure, Let fall a mantle of grandeur, That will ever linger upon our city, That they blessed so briefly, With their sublime and jovial presence. Dabney. "Mexico Has No Color Line," You Bet Your Life, That's Very Fine Chicago--No less than half of Mexico's population has some trace of Negro blood an October Ebony photo-feature declares, and judged by U.S. race standards would be classified as colored in the United States. "Cortes brought six Negroes with him when he came to the land south of the South 400 years ago," the Ebony story states. "Thousands more came later as slaves until their finally out- . . . FIVE HONORARY DEGREES (OBERLIN COLLEGE) Honorary degrees were conferred by President W. E. Stevenson on five illustrious guests during Oberlin's commencement ceremonies on June 14. The recipients were: Prof. Ira S. Bowen, noted astronomer, director of the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories in California and of the famed new 200-inch Palomar telescope; President Francis S. Hutchins of Berea College; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, distinguished lecturer and author; Rev. Frederick L. Fagley, associate secretary of the General Council . . . The Union 5c in U.S. and Canada ! "Little but loud!" 10c In Europe & Africa ! "Poor but proud" Entered as second-class matter, February 13, 1907, at the Post Office at Cincinnati, Ohio, under the Act of Congress of March 1, 1879 VOLUME XXXXII CINCINNATI, OHIO, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1948 No. 23 SIR IRA F. LEWIS CALLED ABOVE, WHERE ALL IS JOY AND PEACE AND LOVE. COUNT A.J. GARY OF NEW YORK WRITES THE NEWS New York.—Death must come to all men, even when the general public can ill afford to lose them. So it is with one of our greatest friends and member of the Fourth Estate—Ira F. Lewis, 64, president of the Pittsburg Courier Publishing Company and its genera manager, who died here Saturday at the Hotel Commodore after having suffered a heart attack. He had left Manhattan General Hospital on Thursday, apparently improved, but later suffered a cerebral hemorrhage Saturday at his hotel quarters and was placed in an oxygen tent. Mr. Lewis was a tireless worker in race relations and was a frequent visitor at the White House. He came to the Pittsburg Courier in 1914 and through Robert L. Vann, its late publisher and owner was made general manager. He was a leader of mankind and made everyone his friend. The Union expresses its [text on fold not readable] mer Harriet Nicholson, his son Robert L. Lewis, and two daughters, Mrs. Granville Woodson, of Washington, D.C. and Mrs. Herman Scott of New Haven, Conn. Dr. Scott and Mr. Woodson were also present at his passing. ——————— The Navy has announced that Second Lieutenant John Earl Rudder is the first Negro officer commssioned in the regular Marine Corps, and is enrolled in the Pre-Basic Corps School at Quantico, Va. He is 23 years ld. His parents reside at Paducah, Ky. There are four other Negro officers holding commissions in the Marine Corps Reserve. 1,535 are enlisted in the Fleet Marine Force, Security Forces of which 400 were on Steward duty. ——————— Democracy at work in New York.— The New York Guard, State War Disaster Military Corps from all sections of the state are now training together at the famous Camp Smith—first time in history of the states military. White troops are encamped with colored troops with officers of both groups fraternizing and cooperating. Twenty-nine separate units of the New York National Guard have been brought together and assigned to two provisional regiments. The camp consists of 1,200 guardsmen. Five hundred are colored from the 715th AAA Regiment, the 176th Military Police Battalion and the 369th AAA Regiment (Colored. Major Emanuel A. Lucas and Major Alonzo Brown are the colored staff members. All declare that the morale is high and no friction or misunderstanding has arisen. This non-segregated policy suggested by Presiden Truman recently demonstrates that people of different color can live together in small encampments. ——————— Beta Sigma Tau, the U.S. first intercultural Greek-letter fraternity meets in Chicago, Aug. 30 and 31. Its constitution bars discrimination as to race, nationality and religion. The motto: "Equality, Understanding and Unity." Chapters established on the following campuses: Ohio State University, Ohio Wesleyan University Baldwin-Wallace College, all in Ohio; (Continued on Page 3) Public Evening Schools Free public evening schools in Cincinnati will open for their 108th year of service at 7:00 p.m. September 7, offering 185 courses in 13 centers. Classes in the three vocational evening high schools—Central, East and Graphic Arts—will open two weeks later at 7:00 P.M. Monday, September 20. "This large number of courses affords [text cut off here] SEPTEMBER EBONY Chicago—The Real Truth About Reefer Smokers, another exclusive Ebony feature, is the highlight of the September issue you will receive next and will push your sales up to a brand new high. Many other features will help this issue sell but the first item is a cover story on movie queen Esther Williams and lovely Lois Evans, Negro girl who is foot doctor to MGM's [text cut off here] Attorney Blythe's threat But the Lord keeps Dabney, Living yet. Amen! IN: RE THE FOUR DOLLARS! August 20, 1948. Hon. W.P. Dabney, Editor of The Union. Dear Sir: I have been retained by the most worthy Dr. W.T. Nelson, who is a great leader of the youth and old, of this and many other cities. My clients' complaint is that he thinks the recent tirade for many months has been aimed at him although no names were mentioned. Now we have proof. We think that you can be sued for blackmail, slander, libel and disorderly conduct. If these articles are not discontinued in your paper you can look for the worst. HOWEVER, IN CONCLUSION, I WILL SAY THAT IF YOU WANT TO SETTLE THIS MATTER, YOU CAN MAIL DR. NELSON A RECEIPT FOR THE $4.00. Yours truly, Owen K. Blythe, Atty. ——————— "Sex Cures" an age-old fake, Lost manhood, seldom returns, No matter what you take. Chicago.—"The one hundred and one pills, potions and prescriptions guaranteed' to restore lost or slipping manhood is the oldest racket in the world," Robert Lucas declares in October Negro Digest article entitled "You Can't Buy Sex In The Drugstore," also claiming this the world's most fraudulent racket. "Lurid ads reading 'If you lack Pep, Energy, Vitality and don't have natural desires for fun and good times—' more often than not lead to wrecked health," Lucas says in the Negro Digest feature. "Only a qualified physician can safely cure cases of sex impotence," he continued, "and then each specific case must be traced separately." Among the many aphrodisiacs the writer discusses are Spanish fly, bella- [text cut off here] U.A.N.M. FINANCIAL PLAN New York—Backed by the promised support of prominent United States Representatives, the Universal African Nationalist Movement, Inc., 100-2 West 116th Street, New York, recently petitioned the United States Government for financial and materal aid to carry through its gigantic plan of Voluntary Immigration of the peoples of African Blood and descent in the U.S. to Liberia, West Africa, to settle and engage in the industrial development of that country. Benjamn Gibbons, President of the UANM, Inc., announced that the Representatives with whom he conferred, were convinced that Liberia is a fertile, well-watered land, rich in natural resources and capable of sustaining an immense population and gave assurances that the Movement's petition will receive their backing when the United States Congress convenes. The UANM, Inc., Leader strongly declared: "This plan is not a "Back to Africa" Movement—Liberia is offering us a chance, and with the necessary backing we can go places." ——————— "MIXING RACES NOT HARMFUL" (By RAY LAWRENCE) (G)—Stuart Chase learns that the typical Eurpean is a mixture of Slav, Mongol, African, Celt, Saxon, Teuton and other strains. Writing in Science Illustrated Magazine, Mr. Chase says these mixture of strains go a long way toward disproving the old notion held by some people that mixing races is harmful. "We often attribute characteristics of behavior to a race," says Mr. Chase, "But Scientists have found that the only demonstrable racial differences are in a few non-essential bodily characteristics—the texture of hair, the shape of nose, eye color, skin color." Mr. Chase further points out that you can't tell a man's race by examining his brain, as has been thought by some people. Even its size won't tell you whether he is intelligent, for the world's largest brain belongs to an embicile. Hence, the character of "Twas the end of a perfect day," When the Elks "folded their tents, And silently stole away." They had arrived in a blaze of glory, And on their departure, Let fall a mantle of grandeur, That will ever linger upon our city, That they blessed so briefly, With their sublime and jovial presence. Dabney. "Mexico Has No Color Line," You Bet Your Life, That's Very Fine. Chicago—No less than half of Mexico's population has some trace of Negro blood an October Ebony photo- feature declares, and judged by U.S. race standards would be classified as colored in the United States. "Cortes brought six Negroes with him when he came to the land south of the South 400 years ago," the Ebony story states. "Thousands more came later as slaves until they finally outnumbered the white settlers at one time. "Since then Indian, Spanish and African blood mixed freely until today there are but few pure-blooded Negroes in all Mexico. But millions of Mexicans have a decided Negro caste to their features," the story says. Colored immigrants to Mexico today, the story continues, find freedom instead of slavery below the Rio Grande and a colony of 300 U.S. Negroes have settled down permanently. Many even renounce their American citizenship and become naturalized Mexicans because there is no color line of any sort in Mexico. ——————— GOV. DEWEY APPOINTS DR. HAYNES Pawling, New York.—Gov. Thomas E. Dewey today announced the appointment of George Edmund Haynes as one of the fifteen trustees of the New York State University, authoriz- [text cut off here] FIVE HONORARY DEGREES (OBERLIN COLLEGE) Honorary degrees were conferred by President W.E. Stevenson on five illustrious guests during Oberlin's commencement ceremonies on June 14. The recipients were: Prof. Ira S. Bowen, noted astronomer, director of the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories in California and of the famed new 200-inch Palomar telescope; President Francis S. Hutchins of Berea College; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, distinguished lecturer and author; Rev. Frederick L. Fagley, associate secretary of the General Council of Congregational Christian Churches; and Clarence E. Pickett, executive secretary of the American Friends Service Committee. Mary Church Terrell, presented by Miss Hope Hibbard, professor of zoology. Mr. President: Oberlin College, proud of its tradition of making no distinction as to race or sex in the makeup of its faculty and student body, is of course primarily interested in education. It is natural that the educational concern of such an institution should extend to international affairs. Therefore it is a particular pleasure to have a part in recognizing the achievements of one of her daughters who has done much to make Oberlin's philosophy more universal. Mary Church Terrell, who received her bachelor's degree sixty years ago and her master's four years later, has throughout her life carried forward Oberlin's ideals, which she made her own, in the fields of international cooperation, the rights of women, the advancement of Negroes and education. day, apparently improved, but later suffered a cerebral hemmorage Saturday at his hotel quarters and was placed in an oxygen tent. Mr. Lewis was a tireless worker in race relations and was a frequent visitor at the White House. He came to Pittsburg Courier in 1914 and through Robert L. Vann, its late publisher and owner was made general manager. He was a leader of mankind and made everyone his friend. The Union expresses its ??????????? mer Harriet Nicholson, his son Robert L. Lewis, and two daughters, Mrs. Granville Woodson, of Washington, D.C. and Mrs. Herman Scott of New Haven, Conn. Dr. Scott and Mr. Woodson were also present at his passing. The Navy has announced that Second Lieutenant John Earl Rudder is the first Negro officer commissioned in the regular Marine Corps, and is enrolled in the Pre-Basic Crops School at Quantico, Va. He is 23 years old. His parents reside at Paducah, Ky. There gether and assigned to two provisional regiments. The camp consists of 1,- 200 guardsmen. Five hundred are colored from the 715th AAA Regiment, the 176th Military Police Battalion and the 369th AAA Regiment (Colored. Major Emanuel A. Lucas and Major Alonzo Brown are the colored staff members. All declare that the morale is high and no friction or misunderstanding has arison. This non-segregated policy suggest by Presiden[t] Truman recently demonstrates that people if different color can live together in small encampments. Beta Sigma Tau, the U. S. first intercultural Greek-letter fraternity meets in Chicago, Aug. 30 and 31. Its constitution bars discrimination as to race, nationality and religion. The motto: "Equality, Understanding, and Unity." Chapters established on the following campuses: Ohio State University, Ohio Wesleyan University Baldwin-Wallace College, all in Ohio; (Continued on Page 3) Public Evening Schools Free public evening schools in Cincinnati will open for their 108th year of service at 7:00 p.m. September 7, offering 185 courses in 13 centers. Classes in the three vocational evening high schools- Central, East and Graphic Arts- will open two weeks later at 7:00 p.m. Monday, September 20. "This large number of courses affords a wide range of educational opportunities for adults and out-of-school youth," Robert E. Finch, director of adult education, Cincinnati public schools, emphasized. Subjects offered enable those who wish to complete their high school education or take refresher courses. Others may profit from vocational training, particularly returned service men and women, especially those employed during the day. Mexican Segregation Licked Dallas, Texas- (G)- In a recent ruling of United States District Court Judge Ben Rice the segregation of Mexican-American children beyond the first grade in Texas schools has been outlawed. It was held by the Court that first graders could receive separate instruction while learning the English language, but upon completion of that year they were not to be segregated SEPTEMBER EBONY Chicago- The Real Truth About Reefer Smokers, another exclusive Ebony feature, is the highlight of the September issue you will receive next and will push your sales up to a brand new high. Many other features will help this issue sell but the first item is a cover story on movie queen Esther Williams and lovely Lois Evans, Negro girl who is foot doctor to MGM's famous stars and since sales on August Ebony at 30c were up over July at 25c, September Ebony is headed for the highest sales ever. Bread and Butter Business New York City- (G)- The New York Tenant's Council, boiling over the high prices of foodstuffs, and shortage of housing, and the high price of rents, is sponsoring what it calls a "People's Strategy Conference" in Washington, D.C., July 27. The conference will press Congress for action on "bread and butter issues." It will demand that the Legislators look into the Price control, housing legislation and want a tightening up of the rent laws which are beginning to grow a bit loose. The Teant's Council is headed by Paul L. Ross, former New York City rent commissioner. der, libel and disorderly conduct. If these articles are not discontinued in your paper you can look for the worst. HOWEVER, IN CONCLUSION, I WILL SAY THAT IF YOU WANT TO SETTLE THIS MATTER, YOU CAN MAIL DR. NELSON A RECEIPT FOR THE $4.00. Yours truly, Owen K. Blythe, Atty. "Sex Cures" an age-old fake, Lost manhood, seldom return, No matter what you take. Chicago,- "The one hundred and one pills, potions and prescriptions guaranteed' to restore lost or slipping manhood is the oldest racket in the world," Robert Lucas declares in October Negro Digest entitles "You Can't Buy Sex In The Drugstore," also claiming this the world's most fraudulent racket. "Lurid ads reading 'If you lack Pep, Energy, Vitality and don't have natural desires for fun and good times-' more often than not lead to wrecked health," Lucas says in the Negro Digest feature. "Only a qualified physician can safely cure cases of sex impotence," he continues, "and then each specific case must be traced separately." Among the many aphrodisiacs the writer discusses are Spanish fly, belladonna, mandrake, yohimbine, arsenic and strychnine. In the hands of the ignorant layman, these chemicals can wreak havoc, Lucas insists, "Can turn what was meant to be a night of love into a nightmare," He adds: "There are aphrodisiacs that can be of value in some cases. But a universal cure"- one that is not prescribed by a physician for a specific case- is as far-fetched as a foot salve that claims to raise fallen arches." TO MOVE CAPITAL! Manila- (G)- Under a bill signed by President Elpidio Quirino July 17, the new capital of the Philippines will be Quezon City, ten miles northeast of Manila, the bill to take effect as soon as new buildings are erected, which is expected to take more than a year. According to Mr. Quirino, the change is necessary because of the congestion now present in Manila, a city of about 2,000,000 people. is a fertile, well-watered land, rich in natural resources and capable of sustaining an immense population and gave assurances that the Movement's petition will receive their backing when the United States Congress convenes. The UANM, Inc., Leader strongly declared: "This plan is not a "Back to Africa" Movement- Liberia is offering us a chance, and with the necessary backing we can go places," "MIXING RACES NOT HARMFUL" (By RAY LAWRENCE) (G)- Stuart Chase learns that the typical European is a mixture of Slav, Mongol, African, Celt, Saxon, Tueton and other strains. Writing in Science Illustrated Magazine, Mr. Chase says these mixture of strains go a long way toward disproving the old notion held by some people that mixing races is harmful, "We often attribute characteristics of behavior to a race," says Mr. Chase, "But Scientists have found that the only demonstrable racial differences are in a few non-esential bodily characteristics- the texture of hair, the shape of nose, eye color, skin color," Mr. Chase further points out that you can't tell a man's race by examining his brain, as has been thought by some people. Even its size won't tell you whether he is intelligent, for the world's largest brain belongs to an embecile. Hence, the character of the different races is a result of culture, and not biology. THREE-CORNERED RACE! Jackson, Miss.- (G)- John E. Rankin, fiery defender of "White Supremacy" faces the mightiest political fights of his career in the one party Democratic primary in the First Congressional District, Tuesday. The 66-year-old dean of Mississippi's White Supremacists, finds his job in jeopardy after almost twenty-five years as a leader of the filibusters in Washington. This year, he is involved in a three-cornered race in which most observers are tagging him to run second or third. His opponents are Circuit Judge Raymond Jarvis of Bonneville, and Claude Clayton, lawyer and former Circuit Judge. Both these opponents are hearty advocates of White Supremacy. Chicago- No less than half of Mexico's population has some trace of Negro blood an October Ebony photofeature declares, and judged by U. S. race standards would be classified as colored in the United States. "Cortes brought six Negroes with him when he came to the land south of the South 400 years ago," the Ebony story states. "Thousands more came later as slaves until they finally outnumbered the white settlers at one time. "Since then Indian, Spanish, and African blood mixed freely until today there are but few pure-blooded Negroes in all Mexico. But millions of Mexicans have a decided Negro caste [?] their features," the story says. Colored immigrants to Mexico today, the story continues, find freedom instead of slavery below the Rio Grande and a colony of 300 U. S. Negroes have settled down permanently. Many even renounce their American citizenship and become naturalized Mexicans because there is no color line of any sort in Mexico. GOV. DEWEY APPOINTS DR. HAYNES Pawling, New York,- Gov. Thomas E. Dewey today announced the appointment of George Edmund Haynes as one of the fifteen trustees of the New York State University, authorized by the State Legislature last March. Recommendation for the creation of a comprehensive University System for the state was made to the Governor and the Legislature last February by a Commission on a State University with Owen D. Young, chairman. Dr. Haynes was the only Negro member of that Commission, and as far as can be ascertained, he is the first Negro to serve on an over-all controlling board of trustees of any state university. (Continued on Page 2) [???????] illustrious guests during Oberlin's commencement ceremonies on June 14. The recipients were: Prof. Ira S. Bowen, noted astronomer, director of the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories in California and of the famed new 200-inch Palomar telescrope; President Frances S. Hutchins of Berea College; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, distinguished lecturer and author; Rev. Frederick L. Fagley, associate secretary of the General Council of Congregational Christian Churches; and Clarence E. Pickett, executive secretary of the American Friends Service Committee. Mary Church Terrell, presented by Miss Hope Hibbard, professor of zoology. Mr. President: Oberlin College, proud of its tradition of making no distinction as to race or sex in the makeup of its faculty and student body, is of course primarily interested in education. It is natural that the educational concern of such an institution n should extend to international affairs. Therefore it is a particular pleasure to have a part in recognizing the achievements of one of her daughter who has done much to make Oberlin's philosophy more universal. Mary Church Terrell, who received her bachelor's degree sixty years ago and her master's four years later, has throughout her life carried forward Oberlin's ideals, which she made her own, in the fields of international cooperation, the rights of women, the advancement of Negroes and education. Her name stands in the list, compiled in 1929, of Oberlin's 100 most illustrious alumni. Her interest in international affairs , stimulated by three years' study abroad and her concern for the rights of women, resulted in her being named one of the principal speakers at the quinquennial International Congress of Women in Berlin, an address which she gave in English, French and German. Likewise, after the first World (Continued on Page 2) High prices, scarcity of food products, living quarters, whose rents are climbing sky high, cause us to think of the financial panics of year ago and political promises of "a chicken in every pot." The signs of coming disaster are now daily becoming more in evidence, but still people will not save, as "Pharoah would not heed." The wise now note, the expression Of aggression, of depression. Dabney. Overheard [*The Washington Afro-American July 27, 1946*] in the Capital By MABEL ALSTON On Saturday evening, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell was guest speaker at the annual dinner of the National Women's Party, at First and V Sts. N.E. She paid high tribute to the late Frederick Douglass, who in 1848, at the first meeting of the "Women's Rights" convention, seconded the motion made by Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, insisting on equal and political rights for women. Mrs. Terrell pointed out that although there were several hundred delegates to the convention, Mr. Douglass was the only one who had the courage to second the motion. "I feel," said Mrs. Terrell that "I personally owe a great debt of gratitude to Frederick Douglass, who at the rist of doing an irreparable injury to himself personally, and to the cause of abolition, which was so dear to his heart, he did every thing in his power to enfranchise women so that they would no longer be classed with infants, idiots and criminals." The members of the National Women's Party recently had a painting of Mrs. Terrell made and it is to hang in the national headquarters. Noteworthy Americans Included in Collection of Thirty Paintings Shown in Museums Portraits are by Mrs. Betsy Graves Reyneau, New York artist The late George Washington Carver, of Tuskegee Institute. Edward Lee, of Florida, symbolizing Youth. Above, Mary Church Terrell, of Washington, a social worker Jane M. Bolin, Justice of the Domestic Relations Court of New York City Reprint of an Article in NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE, SUNDAY, APRIL 13, 1947 Negro Portraits Used to Combat Racism in U.S. Mrs. Reyneau's Paintings of Race's Leaders on Tour of Major American Cities By Dorothy Dunbar Bromley The portrait painter, who had lived in Europe from 1928 through 1939 and had painted such figures as H. G. Wells, Yeats, Santayana, and Ferrero, told herself when she returned to America that she would never again open her paint box. Portrait painting, she felt, was beside the point in a world that was being swiftly engulfed by Fascism. Two years later Mrs. Betsy Graves Reyneau changed her mind. It so happened, she told me last week in her Brooklyn Heights apartment, that she had gone down to Coconut Grove, Fla., to visit a friend. There she was appalled to see benches in the parks marked "For whites only." That she should come home to find Fascism was a bitter experience for the artist who refused to paint Mussolini in 1929. She had naively supposed, Mrs. Reyneau told a tea party in Florida, that she had left racism behind her in Europe. The ladies could not see why she was so shocked. She must, they twittered, forget about things in Europe and go back to her portrait painting. Feeling the need of a little air, Mrs. Reyneau wandered into the garden. There she saw, leaning on the fence, "a particularly beautiful Negro boy." She read in his face a poignant wistfulness, frustration, and racial nostalgia for the dignity of man. Yard Boy for Subject Returning to the party, Mrs. Reyneau announced that she would begin painting the next day. "Who will be your subject?" the ladies demanded, looking at one another. Mr. Reyneau's hostess knew that her yard boy, Edward Lee, was to be painted. Not yet aware that she had launched herself on a project that was to become a lifetime passion, Mrs. Reyneau finished the portrait. People who saw and admired it said she should do one of Dr. Carver, of whom there was no telling likeness. So in November, 1942, she traveled to Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. But Dr. Carver was refusing to see all visitors. Suffering from pernicious anemia, he was to die three months later. Mrs. Reyneau sent in to him a reproduction of the Edward Lee painting. The next day an assistant talked with her. The following day Dr. Carver himself sent for her. "I couldn't be sure I would like you," he squeaked in a weak voice, "but I knew I would when I peeked at you yesterday through the panel." Painter of Souls She showed him a portrait she had begun of Dr. Monroe Work, a bibliophile who is editor of "The Negro Year Book." "You paint the souls of people," Dr. Carver said. He himself wanted to be painted with his amaryllis, the flower he had produced by cross-pollinating the Bermuda lily with the yellow amaryllis. While Mrs. Reyneau worked they had long conversations. They agreed that most paintings of Negroes done by white people were either "patronizing," belonging to the "dusty roads school," or depicting such things as lynchings. It was then Mrs. Reyneau decided to portray distinguished Negroes and "do them straight." Mrs. Reyneau learned there were no portraits of Negroes in the national collections. So she got the Smithsonian Institution to accept her portrait of Dr. Carver for eventual hanging in the National Museum. A year later, in May, 1944, the formal presentation was made by Henry A. Wallace, then Vice-President, and there was opened a month's exhibit. Mrs. Reyneau had ten portraits, and she had invited Laura Wheeler Waring, Negro artist and teacher at Cheney College, Philadelphia, to contribute six to the collection. Since the Washington opening many thousands of people, Negro and white, young and old, have seen the collection, now grown to thirty portraits. The exhibit has been shown in Detroit--only three months after the race riots there--in the art museums of Baltimore, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Chicago, Grand Rapids, Mich., Fort Wayne, and Springfield, Mass. The portraits were on display in November, 1945, in the Brooklyn Museum, but too few Manhattanites knew of them. Standing Room Only The collection, which tours the country under the auspices of the Harmon Foundation, is called "Portraits of Outstanding Americans of Negro Origin." No run-of-the-mine art show, it has played to standing room only in city after city. In Milwaukee the head of the largest vocational school in the world declared it had made an immense difference in the attitude of the Negro boys, who had been wont to say, "What's the use of struggling? The cards are stacked against us." After they had seen the exhibit they were proud and happy--so much so that the Polish boys said, "Couldn't something be done for our people? We have great men and women too." The portraits of "outstanding Americans" include studies of Walter White, A. Philip Randolph, Dr. Charles R. Drew, pioneer in blood plasma research; Dr. Mordecai Johnson, first Negro president of Howard University; Joe Louis, Paul Robeson, Channing Tobias, Charles Houston, attorney; Justice Jane Bolin, of the Domestic Relations Court, New York City; Helen A. Whiting, pioneer in rural education in Georgia; Mary Church Terrell, pioneer suffragist, and friend of Frederick Douglass and Susan B. Anthony; Ann Arnold Hedgeman; Marian Anderson; W.E.B. DuBois; James Weldon Johnson, Harry T. Burleigh composer, and other Negroes no less outstanding. Edward Lee, who became a private in the Army, is in the collection as the typical Negro G.I. Since 1944 Mrs. Reyneau has had the able assistance of Mrs. Bella Taylor McKnight, a highly trained, inspired Negro, formerly with the Young Women's Christian Association. Mrs. McKnight goes into communities and makes the bookings in advance. She has been more effective, Mrs. Reyneau said, in breaking down the resistance of certain art museums than she herself was. Mrs. McKnight also works with the schools, libraries and civic organizations. Praised by Curator The impact in Cleveland in March, 1946, was tremendous. On the last Sunday 5,500 people came to see the portraits. The public library held its own display, featuring, with reproductions of the paintings, all the related books in its collection. The curator of paintings at the Cleveland Museum of Art spoke of "the deep impression the personalities portrayed have made on a wide Cleveland public." The dean of Cleveland College, Western Reserve University, declared: "I should like to see this same or a similar exhibit displayed in communities throughout the nation as a means of developing the understanding which alone can alleviate racial tensions." In Fort Wayne, where the exhibit was recently shown, an interracial committee started among the school children an essay contest on the subject "What I Liked Best About the Portrait Exhibit of Negro Americans." Scheduled Through 1948 At the moment the exhibit is scheduled for month-long shows through 1948. It will travel down the west coast from Seattle to Santa Barbara, where the women's clubs are preparing a correlated program. In San Francisco it will be shown at the Palace of the Legion of Honor and in Los Angeles at the new library. In San Diego the Board of Education will co-sponsor the show. Mrs. Reyneau intends to paint still more portraits of distinguished American Negroes. Before she is through she hopes to get the collection into colleges in the South. The Negro colleges, unfortunately, have no means to put on an exhibit. Her purpose, she concluded, is not only to give Negroes, particularly Negro children, the self-respect that has been denied them, but to educate the white race. "Let's face it," she said; "we are the problem race of the world. But we're not really a white race. We're 'the great pink race,' as George Bernard Shaw has said." These Portraits of Distinguished Americans of Negro Origin have been travelling through America for four years. ----- They have been exhibited in more than 25 Museums of leading cities, including the National Museum of Washington, D.C., Brooklyn, N.Y., Detroit, Cleveland, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapolis, San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco, etc. ----- In many cities, the Board of Education has cooperated by sending pupils to visit the Exhibit. In cities where there are no large museums, the pictures have been exhibited in libraries schools and other public buildings where students and the public can attend the lectures and hear the inspiring stories of the lives of those represented in the Exhibit. ----- For Information on Bookings write to the Harmon Foundation 140 Nassau St., New York, H?.Y. Courier Saturday, January 22, 1949 [?l] Recalls Former Inaugurations Noted Woman Discusses Pomp and Ceremony of Garfield's Inauguration Washington, D.C. -- Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, one of the Nation's most revered women, last week recalled for The Courier the great thrill, excitement and joy she experienced when, as an Oberlin College freshman in 1881, she came home to Washington and attended the President Garfield inaugural ball. Daughter of the celebrated Robert Reed Churches Mrs. Terrell went to the ball as guest of Senator and Mrs. Blanche K. Bruce, close friends of the Church family. Passage of more than sixty years and a lifetime of exceptional activity and achievements have not dimmed the venerable Mrs. Terrell's recollection of the Garfield inaugural. Also attending the ball, Mrs. Terrell said, was P.B.S. Pinchback, who governed Louisiana briefly. POMP AND SPLENDOR "I still visualize the pomp and splendor of the occasion," Mrs. Terrell said. "The ladies were all beautifully gowned, the gentlemen were all so gracious and attentive. You can imagine the thrill I knew as a college freshman attending my first big affair." Her greatest thrill of the evening, Mrs. Terrell said, was being introduced to the immortal Frederick Douglass, then at the zenith of his career. Mr. Douglass commended her ambition and encouraged her to stick to her course. Mrs. Terrell recalled attending other inaugurals including those of Cleveland, McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, Taft, but none is recalled with as much pleasure as that of Garfield's, she said. Widow of the late Municipal Court Judge Judge Robert H. Terrell, Mrs. Terrell went on from Oberlin to become internationally known. She was one of the founders of the National Association of Colored Women; traveled and lectured abroad extensively; taught at M Street High School here and is author of several books. RECEIVES DOCTORATE In June, 1948, Howard University awarded her the Doctor of Humane Letters degree; ten days afterwards she was given the same degree by Wilberforce University, the first women thus honored in that school's 115-year history. Mrs. Terrell takes greatest pride, however, in her eleven years service as the first colored woman ever appointed a Board of Education member in the county. She was first appointed in 1895 by Education Commissioner Ross and was again appointed when the system was changed and appointments were made by District Court judges. Still very actively interested in innumerable national and community projects, Mrs. Terrell said she was not too interested in current inaugural activities. "I will probably go to see the parade," she said. --Help free the Ingrams-- RECALLS GARFIELD INAUGURAL -- Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, internationally known linguist, educator, author, and clubwoman, is pictured as she appeared when attending the Garfield inaugural ball in 1881. The second picture is a recent photo of Dr. Terrell. Only The AFRO Has All Three The Washington Afro-American, June 8, 1948 Second News Section--Page 1 Howard Awards Degrees to 661, Largest Class in History Mrs. Mary Church Terrell One of Three Honored at School's Commencement Dr. Myrdal Tells Graduates to Continue Fight for Equal Rights and Opportunity WASHINGTON Degrees were conferred upon 661 graduates, largest class in the school's history, at the annual commencement at Howard University, Friday, when Dr. Gunnar Myrdal, executive secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva, Switzerland, declared "the color problem and the way it is being handled in America assumes aspect of great international importance." conferred Doctor of law degrees conferred. Doctor of law degrees were awarded Edwin Roger Embree, director of the Julius Rosenwald Fund, and Oliver Randolph, assistant State attorney general of New Jersey and former assemblyman, who wrote the Bill of Rights into the new New Jersey Constitution. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, of Washington, author, lecturer, and noted traveler, received the doctor of humane letters degree. Mrs. Terrell is the widow of the late Judge Robert H. Terrell, former judge of District Municipal Court. 6,000 at Rites Dr. Myrdal told the audience of 6,000 who gathered on the spacious campus lawn for the commencement that "the continued struggle for the colored people's rights and opportunities is an integral part of the whole problem of American democracy." The problem and the way it is handled in American, Dr. Myrdal emphasized, "assumes aspect of great international importance for dependent from the extent to which America succeeded in realizing these ideals in her internal affairs." Dr. Myrdal expressed the belief that the present young generation would, in their lifetime, see "the fulfillment of many of the hopes of American colored leaders." He declared "The colored man is going to vote in the South as well as in the North. The entire jim-crow system will gradually break down partly because segregation is increasingly going to be felt to be both awkward and silly in a civilized and democratic country, partly because segregation will become impractical and financially very burdensome once the authorities are compelled to make the separate facilities equal." Discrimination to End He added that "discrimination has never had the sanction of law and could never have such a sanction in America, for America is dedicated to the ideas of democratic equality not only by its constitution but fundamentally also, and in spite of all the racial intolerance by the sincere devotion of all its citizens. "When, therefore, private vicious practices are becoming regulated in such a way that public principles will have to be applied, the colored man will increasingly be relieved from all these petty discriminations, which together make up the real causation of his lower status in the American society." Declaring the ever-rising protests by colored people is the most important social trend in America, Dr. Myrdal told the graduates that the continued progress would not come by itself, admonishing them "to continue to work and struggle for every inch of ground as the earlier generations did." Concluding, he emphasized that colored professionals and intellectuals must carry a double burden, the responsibility of being "race men," in addition to their duties as professionals, and warned the graduates "you must not shrink that responsibility." National University In accepting the honorary doctor of laws degree, Mr. Embree expressed the hope that Howard University would become a "truly national university," free from any racial bias or racial favoritism. He declared that the defects of the American educational system "cannot be corrected by continuing segregated facilities for special groups" and that Howard was ideally competent to serve all the people. Heard by Howard U.'s 661 Graduates Dr. Mordecai Johnson, president of Howard University, enjoys a chuckle with Dr. Gunnar Myrdal, author of "An American Dilemma" and executive secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva, Switzerland, befo re the latter addressed 661 graduates at the 80th annual commencement program in Washington Friday. Honored at Howard U. Oliver Randolph, New Jersey attorney, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, noted club woman of Washington, D.C. and Edwin R. Embree, head of the Rosenwald Fund of Chicago, as they appeared to receive honorary degrees at Howard University commencement last week. Floridian Finishes [*_____________ Post June 19 '48*] Mrs. Terrell Honored Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, 1615 S st. nw., prominent Negro educator, has become the first woman of her race to be awarded the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters by Oberlin College, Oberlin Ohio. Mrs. Terrell, a graduate of the college in the class of 1884, was presented with the degree at the 115th commencement of the school on June 14. One of the first women members of the D. C. Board of Education, Mrs. Terrell also served as first president of the National Association of Colored Women and for a number of years was secretary of the Race Relations Committee of the Washington Federation of Churches. [*Tuesday, June 15, 1948*] Cleveland Plain Dealer OBERLIN COLLEGE holds 115th commencement. Left: President William E. Stevenson (second from right) with winners of honorary degrees. Left to right are Ira Sprague Bowen, Altadena, Cal., director, Mount Palomar and Mount Wilson Observatories; Rev. Frederick L. Fagley, New York, associate secretary, General Council of Congregational Christian Churches; THE PITTSBURGH COURIER SATURDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1948 Council Members Take Tea at White House By Kay Johnson (Washington Staff Writer) WASHINGTON, D.C.=The social highlight of the convention of the National Council of Negro Women held here last week was the annual White House reception. Several hundred women delegates from all sections of the country attended the reception. In the absence of Mrs. Truman, the ladies were received by Mrs. Julius A. Krug, wife of the Secretary of the Interior, Mrs. Tom Clark, wife of the Attorney General and Mrs. Jesse Donaldson, wife of the Postmaster General. INTERNATIONAL NIGHT Perhaps the most colorful session of the convention was International Night which featured representatives of eleven foreign countries in a "One World Concert." The embassies and legations represented were China, Haiti, Great Britain, Poland, Denmark, Iran, Mexico, Canada, Greece, Chile, Latvia, Switzerland, Bolivia, France, the Dominican Republic, Yugoslavia, Austria, Australia, Finland, Sweden, Paraguay, Cuba and the Philippines. Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune introduced Mrs. Alicia B. Parker, general chairman of the concert, who presided. Mrs. Marian H. Elliott, chairman of the intercultural committee, introduced the Embassy guests. Additional features of the program were the Howard University A Cappella Choir, under the direction of Warner Lawson and the U.S. Navy Band. Solos were given by Cristobal Garza, Mexican, accompanied by Mrs. Ethel Ramos Harris; a Persian love song and a dance was given by Miss Parveen Bakhtiar of Iran, and Eastern folk dances by Miss Kalinda Kowshik. Music depicting the world fellowship also was given by Miss Heather Bowyer, English soloist; Miss Laura LeBlanch, Canadian pianist; Frantz Casseus, Haitian guitarist; Anna Koo, Chinese pianist and Mrs. Anne Chreohos. Miss Elsie Austin, consultant to the international committee concluded the program with a prayer for all nations from the Baha'[?] prayers. The program was under the sponsorship of the intercultural and international committees of the Council. ON CANCER Mrs. E. R. Boutee, the only Negro welfare consultant of the American Cancer Society, spoke at one of the sessions and told the women that more Negro women between the ages of 35 and 55 years die from cancer than in any other race. She said that the lack of proper care following child birth is one of the factors largely contributing to the high rate. COMMUNITY EDUCATION At a one-day training conference on community education conducted by Dr. Julius Schreiber and his associates from the National Institute of Social Relations, the delegates were told that social action which jumps out of this air without group discussion is not likely to be effective. Except for the first day, when sessions were held at the Department of Commerce Auditorium, all business meetings were held at the Interdepartmental Auditorium, Department of Labor. NCNW HIGHLIGHTS=These pictures highlight some of the activities of the annual National Council of Negro Women's meeting, which attracted more than three hundred of the Nation's leading women to Washington last week. The first picture shows members of the "International Night" musical program held at the Department of Commerce. Mrs. Betune is shown in the center. The second picture shows the NCNW group after being received at the White House. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell is shown with Dr. Bethune in the Center.=Harris Photos. There Are Many Lonely Hearts in Africa! Cleveland Plain Dealer, Tuesday, June 15, 1948 Oberlin College Graduates 375 at 115th Commencement (Photos on Picture Page) By George J Barmann Staff Correspondent OBERLIN, O., June 14=Blue sky above a green campus was a perfect setting for Oberlin College's 115th commencement, at which academic degrees were conferred on 275 candidates and honorary degrees were awarded to fiver persons, in Finney Chapel today. President William Edwards Stevenson awarded the diplomas to the graduates, who heard an address by President Francis S. Hutchins of Berea College, Berea, Ky., a graduate of Oberlin in the class of 1923. He spoke on "It Is the Business of the Future to Be Dangerous." The band played "With Honor Crowned," and graduates, college officials and distinguished guests marched to the chapel in academic procession from Peters Hall, through Tappan Square. Wisitors crowded the chapel and heard the ceremonies through horns outside. Cities "Frontal Attacks" Dr. Hutchins, whose father, Rev. William J. Hutchins, president emeritus of Berea College, gave the invocation, discussed the problem of society at home and abroad, which he warned would make "frontal attacks" on the graduates as they proceeded through life. "Even more dangerous, perhaps," he added, "is a demon which makes no frontal attack upon the college graduate but may dull his spear, and rust and disintegrate his armor: the lethargy of conscience which is part of the social equipment of every group and community. "It bogs down and sometimes makes 'respectable' men and women who have much to give." Quoting the historian, Arnold J. Toynbee, that in troubled times individuals and creative minorities found solutions to problems, Dr. Hutchins said that in that thought lay the justification for Oberlin College, "designed to release the potentialities of many individuals." Off to Pioneer He pointed out that the willingness to pioneer was part of the heritage of the Oberlin graduate when the challenges came, and he added: "Your Oberlin heritage challenges you to pioneer where urgent human needs are to be met," He concluded: "From Oberlin too you take a certain vital, insistent Christianity. It's not a comfortable, easy fitting garment for Sundays, but a weekday matter, for it will prod your conscience to prevent its becoming laden with the dust of tradition or weighted with self-interest." Honorary degrees of doctor of human letters were given Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, author, lecturer and pioneer in the advancement of Negro education, and Clarence E. Pickett of Philadelphia, executive secretary of the American Friends Service Committee. Rev. Frederick L. Fagley of New York, associate secretary of the General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches in the United States, was awarded the degree of doctor of divinity. President Hutchins received a doctor of laws. Astronomer Is Honored A degree of doctor of science was conferred on Ira Sprague Bowen of Altadena, Cal., director of the Mount Palomar and Mount Wilson Observatories in California, which house the world's two most powerful telescopes. Dr. Bowen is one of the nation's most distinguished scientists. The recipients were cited for their achievements in their respective fields. Besides President Hutchins, Mrs. Terrell, REv. Mr. Fagley and Dr. Bowen also are Oberlin graduates=Mrs. Terreli in 1888, Rev. Mr. Fagley in 1910 and Dr. Bowen in 1919. Graduates who attained highest scholastic honors were Miss Harriet Radford Peebles of Sioux City, Ia., summa cum laude; Miss Helen E. Lewis, Newark Valley, N. Y., and Miss Therese M. Henkle, Detroit, both magna cum laude, and Jerry F. DeWitt, Jackson, Mich,. and Richard L. Ripin, New York, both cum laude. The alumni award for distinguished service to the college went to Prof. Louis E. Lord of Scipps College, Claremont, Cal., a native of Ravenna, O., who was graduated from Oberlin in 1897 and who taught at the school. The classicist was not able to be present. Announcement of the award, a medal, was made by Carlton K. Matson, columnist of the Cleveland Press, new alumni president, succeeding Vice-President Robert D. Fisher of the University of Southern California. Mrs. Donald Batelle of Dayton is vice-president and George W. Andrews of Cleveland treasurer. Prof. Lord, nearly 1,000 alumni were told at a luncheon in the field house, exemplifies the best Oberlin stood for. [*Afro American Oct. 16 1948*] Mrs. Bethune Receives Portrait Done in Oils Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune (left) founder and president of the National Council of Negro Women, which held its 13th annual convention in Washington this week, surveys an oil painting of herself which was presented to her Sunday at the opening session of the convention. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell (second from right) unveiled the portrait which was painted by William Carter. Looking on is Mrs. Eleanor Curtis Dailey, a member of the executive committee of NCNW. [*Afro American Oct. 16 1948*] Mrs. Hamilton to Be Feted in Metropolitan By IRENE M. WAUGH Hundreds of individual citizens and more than four dozen religious, civic, and social organizations will gather tonight (Friday) at Metropolitan AME Church, M between 15th and 16th Sts. N.W., to pay tribute to one of the nation's most outstanding women, Mrs. Julia West Hamilton, religious leader, social and civic worker and member of the Metropolitan for the past 50 years. The occasion is one which focuses the spotlight not only upon the honoree, Mrs. Hamilton, but also upon the institution to which she has lent her loyalty and devotion for the last half century. Over 109 Years Old Metropolitan, the host-church, was organized in 1838 as Union Bethel AME Church. By order of the General Conference of 1872, Union Bethel became Metropolitan AME Church. The present commodious edifice was erected and dedicated in 1886. This year, 1948, marks the 110th year of the church's activity. Throughout this period Metropolitan has been a beacon light for African Methodists in the United States. It has been the center of important local and national assemblies of representative organizations throughout the nation, and its officers and members have been among the leading citizens of the District of Columbia. The present pastor, Dr. J. Campbell Beckett is serving his 12th year. He was born in Hagerstown, Md., the son of Rev. John W. Beckett, and grandson of the Rev. J. Pitt Compbell, former bishop of the AME Church. His early training was received in the public schools of Philadelphia. He attended the University of Pennsylvania and the Episcopal Seminary in Philadelphia, and holds the B.D. and D.D. degrees. He served in Philadelphia as presiding elder before coming here. The church, which had 160 members, has been entirely freed from debt, the mortgage burned and the church renovated outside and inside. Trustees, Stewards Named The present trustees are George A. Robinson, Emory S. Heywood, Arthur L. Barber, Roland W. Valentine, Julia W. Hamilton, Jefferson S. Coage, Daniel A. Rogers, Ferris White and Joseph Harris. The stewards are John E. Clark, Samuel W. Hardy, E. W. Harrison, George A Robinson, George W. McGhee, John T. Ward, G. Frederick Stanton, Allen A. Renwrick and J. Bruce Burris. Among the organizations to participate in the testimonial are: Choir, Metropolitan Church; Interdenominational Ministers' Wives; Helping Hand Club, 19th St. Baptist Church; Federation of Churches; Interdenominational Ministerial Alliance; Council of Church Women; St. Luke's Episcopal Church; Miner Teachers College; Virginia White Speel Republican Women's Club; Federation of Civic Associations; James E Walker Unit No. 26, The American Legion Auxiliary; Slater-Langston Parent-Teachers Association; Julia West Hamilton League; Washington and Vicinity Federation of Women's Clubs; Prince Hall Grand Lodge Masons; Washington Urban 12th Street YMCA; Phiyllis Wheatley YWCA; Slowe and Carver Halls; Howard University. Greetings from special guests will be given by: Miss Elsa M. Peterson, former president Washington YWCA; Mrs. Howard G. Nichols, president, Washington YWCA; Mrs. Mabel R. Cook, executive director, Washington YWCA; Miss Dorothy I. Height, interracial secretary National Board, YWCA; Mrs. J. Birdsall Calkins, president YWCA, U.S.A.; Mrs. Lullelia Harrison, grand basileus, Zeta Phi Beta Sorority; Dr. Robert M. Williams, pastor, Asbury Methodist Church; Mrs. Ella P. Stewart, president, National Association of Colored Women; Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, president, National Council of Negro Women; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, first president, National Association of Colored Women; Miss Nannie Burroughs, president, National Baptist Women's Convention; Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson, president, Howard University; Minister and Mrs. C. B. D. King, Liberian Legation; Dr. Garnet C. Wilkinson, first assistant superintendent of schools; and Col. Campbell C. Johnson, U.S. Army. Personal friends who have been invited to present include: Mrs. Anita T. Anderson, teacher, Coatesville, Pa.; J. Finely Wilson, grand exalted ruler, Elks; Mrs. Bennetta B. Washington, Phyllis Wheatley YWCA; the Rev. J. L. S. Hollomon, pastor, Second Baptist Church; Mrs. Thomasina W. Johnson, Federal Security Agency; the Rev. A. F. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell To Speak at Katy Ferguson Musicale-Tea Noted Lecturer-Author to Appear With Guest Stars Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, renowned lecturer and author will be the guest speaker at the Katy Ferguson League subscription Musicale and tea to be given on Easter Monday, April 26 from 2:30 to 6 p.m. at the West 138th Street Y.M.C.A Auditorium. She will be introduced by Attorney Sarra Pelham Speaks, Delta soror, fellow-Republican and charming friend of Mrs. Terrell. Also appearing will be Belle Rosette, famed Calypso artiste of concert fame; Sylvia Medford, violinist and Daisy Medford, pianist; Edith Sewell, dramatic soprano and Carol Blanton, pianist. Mrs. Charlotte Murray is chairman of the tea. Mrs. Terrel who received her B.A. and M.A. from Oberlin College, is one of the 100 famous alumnae of that institution, and is the first colored woman to serve on an American Board of Education. At the Quienquennial International Congress of Women in Berlin a few years back, she delivered an address in English, French and German. She is the first president of the National Association of Women: a charter member of the NAACP, and is author of the recently published book, "A Colored Woman in a White World", a forward by H.G. Wells. MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL, brilliant lecturer and author will be guest speaker for the Katy Ferguson musicale-tea at the Y.W.C.A Auditorium on Easter Monday, April 26th, from 2:30 to 6 p.m. Guests artists will include Belle Rosette, Sylvia and Daisy Medford, Edith Swell and Carol Blanton. Attorney Cleared by Loyalty B'd [*Pittsburgh Courier Oct. 16 '48*] Veteran Department of Justice Attorney Louis R. Mehlinger was cleared Monday on charges of being affiliated with, and in sympathy with, an organization on the Attorney General's "subversive" list. He was cited by the Justice Department Loyalty Board on Sept. 15. The charges grew out of Attorney Mehlinger's purported relationship with the Southern Negro Youth Congress. At the hearing it was revealed that he had given the group permission to use his name in connection with a three-day meeting SNYC held in Oct., 1946. He was persuaded by their expressed interest in civil rights legislation, he declared. LEADERS TESTIFY A score or more of the attorney's friends and associates, many of them nationally known figures, took turns testifying in his behalf at the hearing. Among them were General B.O. Davis, Col. Campbell C. Johnson, Judge James A. Cobb, Dr. Carter G. Woodson, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Mrs. Julia Wes Hamilton, Justice S.E. Whitaker and Justice James W. Morris. The hearing also was presented thirty-two affidavits, among which was one from Municipal Court Judge Armond W. Scott. Departing from its usual custom of taking such matters under advisement, the Loyalty Board announced its decision immediately following the hearing. "I am extremely gratified with the manner in which my friends rallied to my support," Attorney Mehlinger declared later. NATIVE OF MISSISSIPPI A native of Mississippi, Attorney Mehlinger is a graduate of Tougaloo College and the Howard University Law School. He was appointed to the Department of Justice forty-one years ago. He functions in the U.S. Court of Claims. Attorney Mehlinger was an infantry captain in World WAr 1. He was one of the six founders of the Robert H. Terrell Law School and is now secretary of the school's trustee board. A Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity member, he lives with his wife, Mrs. Gladys Mehlinger, at 1638 Fifteenth Street, N.W. [*Chicago Defender*] Mrs. Mary Bethune May Marry Again [*Oct. 25, 1947*] WASHINGTON.-(ANP)-Bees in her bonnet? Well, we don't know what she meant, but Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune three 500 diners into a commotion Saturday night at the closing session of the National Council of Negro Women when she said she had another bee in her bonnet, replying to a remark by Mary Church Terrell. "I got another bee in my bonnet," said Mrs. Bethune, "I may get married again!" [*Sat. June 5, 1947] [*Post Sat. June 5, 1948*] [*Washington Post*] Race Relations Changes Held Due Soon An epoch in American history has been reached where there are "strong reasons to expect rapid an fundamental changes in race relations," Dr. Gunnar Myrdal, author of "The American Dilemma," told Howard University graduates last night. The Swedish economist, now executive secretary of the United Nations' Economic Commission for Europe, spoke at the eightieth annual commencement held on the university campus. Six hundred and sixty-one degrees including three honorary were conferred by Dr. Mordecai Johnson, president of the university. Honorary degrees of doctor of law went to Edwin Rogers Embree, president of the Julius Rosenwald Fund, and to Oliver Randolph, deputy attorney general for the State of New Jersey and author of the antisegregation provisions of the State constitution. The degree of doctor of humane letters was granted to Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, author and Washington civic leader. Dr. Myrdal declared, "The entire Jim Crow system will gradually break down partly because segregation is increasingly going to be felt to be both awkward and silly in a civilized and democratic country, partly because segregation will become impractical and financially very burdensome once the authorities are compelled to make the separate facilities equal," he said. Speaking, he said, not in his capacity of a United Nations representative, but as a man "once called upon to make an impartial study of race relations in America," Dr. Myrdal declared can be accepted as the solution of the Negro problem." 2 Capital Attorneys Get Honorary Degrees Democracy cannot permit civil liberty to become "the sanctuary of subversion, the tinderbox of treason," declared Rep. Joseph R. Bryson, (D., S.C.), last night. He spoke at commencement exercises of the School of Law, National University, here, at which two Washington attorneys were awarded honorary degrees of Doctor of Laws. They are Godfrey L. Munter, past president of the District Bar Association, and Thomas B. Shoemaker, deputy commissioner of the Federal Immigration and Naturalization Service. "No system of law is just, no concept of liberty is safe, that breeds the instruments of its own violent overthrow," declared Representative Bryson. "We must deal positively with the threat of communism, but more important we must develop a new fervor, a new enthusiasm, a new appreciation for the democratic process." Last night's exercises, the 79th graduation service of the institution, were held in Central High School auditorium, with Chief Judge George P. Barse, of Municipal Court, the university chancellor, presiding. Awarded were eight Master of Laws degrees, three Master of Patent Laws, 29 Bachelor of Laws and two certificates. Freedom of Choice Held Important Richard F. Cleveland, Baltimore attorney and son of the late President Grover Cleveland, told the graduating class of the Landon School for Boys in Bethesda, Md., yesterday that freedom of choice is one of the most important differences between a democracy and a dictatorship. The Headmaster's Award for students outstanding in all school activities went to Jack Yates, Chevy Chase, Md., of the upper school, John Eaton of 2311 Connecticut ave. nw., middle school, and John Littlehales, Bethesda, Md., in the lower school. Littlehales also won the art prize. Cum laude Honorary Society certificates were presented to Samuel C.D. Bledsoe, Silver Spring, Md., and James R. Miller of the class of 1949, Chevy Chase, Md. The invocation and benediction were pronounced by the Rev. William F. Creighton, rector of St. John's Church, Bethesda. [*HOWARD COMMENCEMENT-Mrs. Mary Church Terrell looks over her degree of doctor of humane letters, conferred yesterday by Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson (right), president of Howard University. The Pittsburgh Courier Second News Edition American's Best Weekly SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1947 17 AS GLEN ARDEN CELEBRATED-- Town officials are congratulated as the eighth anniversary celebration of the town of Glen Arden, Md., is held. Henry Jackson of Montclair, N. J.; James O. Hill, New Jersey legislator; Mayor James R. Cousins of Glen Arden, Mayor William D. Bellows of North Brentwood and Eugene A. Willis of Newark, N.J., are pleased over the results of the celebration. Will They Inspire? How Many Great Americans Has Washington Produced? By ERIC (RIC) ROBERTS Has Washington produced men and women who, with credit to themselves, individually, and the municipality at large, may gracefully adorn the fabrics of true greatness? Gen. Davis. Dr. Patterson Dr. Drew Mrs. Terrell Mrs. Bethune Duke Ellington Dr. Woodson Dr. Miller Dr. Johnson Gov. Hastie Will the personal influence of any Washingtonian, living or dead, reach beyond the generation in which he has lived? This is a solemn, unyielding probe into the field of human contributions, in any walk-- keeping well in mind, as we should, that many men are noted, some distinguished and a few famous, but only one in millions may be called great. THE QUALIFICATIONS In the sell-binding oratory of the late Reverdy C. Ransom, delivered in Boston's Faneuil Hall, Dec. 10, 1905, we find the details of this qualification, when he declared: "It does not take long to call the roll of honor of any generation, and when this roll is put to the test of the cold scrutiny of a century, only a very small and select company have sufficient carrying power to reach into a succeeding century. When the roll of the centuries is called, we may mention almost in a single breath the names which belong to the ages." Here, as we train the light of nomination and certification on the Washington roll call, we must be careful to realize that we seek "greatness" as defined within the sphere of our eighty-two years of freedom. Our probe must not exceed the span of six-score years. . . when this Nation, under Abraham Lincoln, chose, after eighty-seven years of controversy, to put humanity above race-- the justice of God above the justice of the United Supreme Court for Dred Scott. THE D. C. ROLL CALL In this speculation, dealing with those who first saw the light of day in Washington, we have Gen. Benjamin O. Davis, Frederick D. Patterson and Charles W. Drew-- true native sons-- and those who here laid their contributions, in fullest bloom, upon the altar of civilization: Frederick Douglass, Ernest Just, Carter G. Woodson, William H. Hastie, Mordecai Johnson, Edward Kennedy Ellington, Mary Church Terrell and Mary McLeod Bethune. Will the next century, as the present, still hear the firm, sonorous voice of Fred Douglass exulting: "Men of color, to arms!" inciting the fight for freedom? Will 2000 A. D. remember that Fred Patterson picked up the ponderous tread of Dr. Booker Washington and Robert Russa Moton at Tuskegee? A century hence, will the precious hoard of information of Dr. Carter G. Woodson be lost in the miasma of a race which, according to anthropologists, already possesses the genes which will eventually erase the pigmentation that regenerates from Afric antecedants? Will the imprinted marking of Dean Kelly Miller, in the pedagogical sands of time, survive another half century? MEASURE OF TIME Will the marvelous biological contributions of Dr. Just continue to fascinate the prying eyes of occidential scientists in 2047, as in 1947? Will the letter-perfect military correctness of General Davis, carrying him up from the ranks in an alien age, serve as a guide for our grandchildren? Will the sound of Mary Terrell's voice, addressing a world gathering of distinguished women at Berlin, in three different languages, be a heritage for some little brown girl in 2003-- 100 years after Mrs. Terrell did this chore? Will succeeding generations approve the little girl from the Carolines-- the underdog who founded Bethune-Cookman College, and in later years, gave dignity and organization to women of the minority? Mary M. Bethune. Will Dr. Drew's test tube, probing for the life-giving secrets of "stored" blood, and heading England's famous blood bank, rank with the discovery of a way to release nuclear energy? Without written testaments to convey his incisive thinking, will the stirring profundity of Mordecai Johnson be reserved for posterity Will the pioneering career of William Hastie be a legend-- a curie for future barristers, in the years to come? Will his trail-blazing serve as a chartered course for those of generation yet unborn? Will the melodic inventions of Ellington, already ranked ahead of any similar musical contribution (with spiritual excepted) ever to come out of America, be transmuted to succeeding eras? If you can answer these questions with any degree of assurance, then you can readily cast your own vote; you will know, on your own, which of the twelve are great. Having made your own deductions, decided on your own evaluations, remember the words of the brilliant Dr. Ransom: "Some men, whose contemporaries thought their title to enduring fame secure, have not been judged worthy in a later time to have their names recorded among the makers of history." G[...?] town [?] gala sp[...?] Locate about thr[...?] line, Glen town of mo[...?] dents, most owners. Glen Arden way of industry majority of citi[...?] the District where men employes. AREA ORGANIZATION Once the area wa sub-divided back in Smith nothing stood of its growth, and as sprung up and popu[...?] creased a need for a civic tion was felt. Organization Glend Arden Civic Association meant a great deal to the v[...?] of the town's citizens. First president of the association was W. H. Swann who led the o[...?] zens in their efforts to obtain se[...?] government. On March 30, 1939, Bill 851 pre-[...?] [*Ebony Magazine July 1949*] EDUCATOR Mary Church Terrell has been a distinguished teacher and battler for women's right for half a century. For 11 years she was a member of Washington's board of education, first Negro woman ever to hold such a post. In 1904 she created a sensation at the International Council of Women in Berlin where she spoke to the body in German, French and English. She wrote her autobiography in 1940 with a preface by her friend, world- famed H. G. Wells. Last year her alma mater, Oberlin College, gave her a degree of Doctor of Human Letters. She is a charter member of the NAACP. Oberlin Review Volume 76 Z-572 Oberlin, Ohio, Monday June 14, 1948 Ten Cents Number 59 Mary Church Terrell, loyal daughter of Oberlin; living symbol and exponent of those great concerns which have been historically the concerns of the College; profitable servant, returning talents ten-fold: in the name of your college I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters. Clarence Evan Pickett, practical idealist; strong friend of the friendless; wise and kindly administrator of man's humanity to man: in the name of Oberlin College I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters Frederick Louis Fagley, churchman in a democratic state; statesman in a democratic church; pastor pastorum; spiritual son of Oberlin: in the name of your college I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Frances Stephenson Hutchins, able builder upon sure foundations; leader of the youth of America's inner mountains to the high table of world opportunity and responsibility; distinguished son of Oberlin; in the name of your college I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Laws. Seniors, Masters Receive 345 Degrees at 115th Anniversary Exercises Today Stevenson Gives Five Honorary Doctorates Five honorary degrees for distinguished service in science, education and social work were conferred by President William E. Stevenson at the commencement exercises this morning. Dr. Ira S. Bowen, director of the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories in California and an Oberlin alumnus, received the degree of Doctor of Science. He received his Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology and taught there at and at the University of Chicago. Dr. Frederick L. Fagley, associate secretary of the General Council of Congregational Christian Churches, was awarded the Doctor of Divinity degree. He has been educator, pastor, church executive, and author. The Commencement speaker, President Francis S. Hutchins of Berea College, Kentucky, received the Doctor of Laws. For seventeen years he served in China as a Shansi representative and then with the Yale-in-China Association. He is now a member of the Commission on International Cultural Relations of the Association of American Colleges. Clarence E. Pickett, executive secretary of the American Friends Service Committee, was awarded Doctor of Humane Letters. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, lecturer, author, worker for the rights of women and for international understanding, received the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters. An Oberlin graduate, Mrs. Terrell was the first colored woman to ever serve of a Board of Education in America when she was elected to that board in Washington, D.C., for eleven years. Dr. Bowen was presented by Prof. Lloyd W. Taylor, Dr. Fagley by Dr. Walter M. Horton, Dr. Hutchins by Vice-President Harold S. Wood, Mr. Pickett by Prof. John D. Lewis, and Mrs. Terrell by Dr. Hope Hibbard. Dean Thomas W. Graham Graham Gives Baccalaureate On Life's Laws By Warren Prince "Experience makes clear that the one most satisfying approach to life is to be found in complete trust in what one sees when he is at his intelligent best, and a readiness to bet his life upon it," declared Dean Thomas W. Graham, of the Graduate School of Theology during the Baccalaureate Sermon at 4:00 pm yesterday in Finney. Dean Graham made references to his years of experience in Oberlin and the right of the senior class to expect a Christian judgment on what life holds. He found his answer in the words of Jesus, "Ye are the light of the world," and of Paul- faith, hope, and love. Declaring that love is the final law of life, Dean Graham pointed out that when the Rabbis and Jesus were agreed that all the law and prophet where bound up in the love of God and the love of neighbor, they were not emphasizing passion or sentiment, but that spirit of sympathy, understanding and profound concern with which folk are bound together by "hoops and steel." He said that it is natural for youth to seek its rewards in position and power, in prestige and influence, in material gain but toward the end of the day these turn to ashes on the tongue unless with them or through them one has found the growing affection of friends, the deepening influence of those who love him (Continued on Page 6) [*000034*] Mary Church Terrell, loyal daughter of Oberlin; living symbol and exponent of those great concerns - which have been historically the concerns of the College: profitable servant, returning talents ten-fold. in the name of your college I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters. Seniors, Masters Receive345 Degrees At 115th Anniversary Exercises Today Stevenson Gives Five Honorary Doctorates Five honorary degrees for distinguished service in science education and social work were conferred by President William E. Stevenson at the commencement this morning. Dr. Ira S. Bowen, director of the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories in California and an Oberlin alumnus receive the degree of Doctor of Science. He received his Ph.D from California Institute of Technology and taught there and at the University of Chicago. Dr. L. Fagley, associate secretary of the General Council of Congregational Christian Churches, was awarded the Doctor of Divinity degree. He has been educator, pastor, church executive and author. The Commencement speaker, President Francis S. Hutchins of Berea College, Kentucky, received the Doctor of Laws. For seventeen years he served in China as a Shansi representative and then with the Yale-in-China Association. He is now a member of the Commission on International Cultural Relations of the Association of American Colleges. Clarence E. Pickett, executive secretary of the American Friends Service Committee, was awarded Doctor of Humane Letters. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, lecturer, author, worker for the rights of women and for international understanding, received the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters. An Oberlin graduate, Mrs. Terrell was the first colored woman ever to serve on a Board of Education in America when she was elected to that board in Washington, D.C. for eleven years. Dr. Bowen was presented by Prof. Lloyd W. Taylor, Dr. Fagley by Dr. Walter M. Horton, Dr. Hutchins by Vice-President Harold S. Wood. Mr. Pickett by Prof. John D. Lewis, and Mrs. Terrell by Dr. Hope Hibbard. Frederick Louis Fagley, churchman in a democratic state; pastor pastorum; spiritual son of Oberlin: in the name of your college I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Divinity. DEAN THOMAS W. GRAHAM Graham Gives Baccalaureate On Life's Laws By WARREN PRINCE "Experience makes clear that the one most satisfying approach to life is to be found in complete trust in what one sees when he is at his intelligent best, and a readiness to bet his life upon it," declared Dean Thomas W. Graham, of the Graduate School of Theology during his Baccalaureate Sermon at 4:00 p.m. yesterday in Finney. Dean Graham made references to his year of experience in Oberlin and the right of the senior class to expect a Christian judgement on what life holds. He found his answer in the words of Jesus, "Ye are the light of the world," and of Paul --faith, hope, and love. Declaring that love is the final law of life, Dean Graham pointed out that when the Rabbis and Jesus were agreed that all the law and the prophet were bound up in love of God and the love of neighbor, they were not emphasizing passion or sentiment, but that spirit of sympathy, understanding and profound concern with which folks are bound together by "hoops of steel." He said that it is natural for youth to seek its rewards in position and power, in prestige and influence, in material gain but toward the end of the day these turn to ashes on the tongue unless with them or through them one has found the growing affection of friends, the deepening influence of those who love them (Continued on Page 6) Frances Stephenson Hutchins able builder upon sure foundations; leader of the youth of America's inner mountains to the high table land of world opportunity and responsibility ; distinguished son of Oberlin; in the name of your college I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Laws. Ira Sprague Bowen, discoverer of law and order in the infinite reaches of space, master of ancient science in the service of modern man; a son of Oberlin at home in the universe; in the name of your college I confer upon you the 000035 Clarence Evan Pickett, practical idealist; strong friend of the friendless; wise and kindly administrator of man's humanity to man: in the name of Oberlin College I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters. Frederick Louis Fagley, church-man in a democratic state; statesman in a democratic church; pastor pastorum; spiritual son of Oberlin: in the name of your college I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Frances Stephenson Hutchins, able builder upon sure foundations; leader of the youth of America's inner mountains to the high table land of world opportunity and responsibility; distinguished son of Oberlin; the the name of your college I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Laws. Ira Sprague Bowen, discoverer of law and order in the infinite reaches of space; master of ancient science in the service of modern man; a son of Oberlin at home in the universe; in the name of your college I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Science. there and at the University of Chicago. Dr. Frederick L. Fagley, associate secretary of the General Council of Congregational Christian Churches, was awarded the Doctor of Divinity degree. He has been educator, pastor, church executive, and author. The Commencement speaker, President Francis S. Hutchins of Berea College Kentucky, received the Doctor of Laws. For seven-teen years he served in China as a Shansi representative and then with the Yale-in-China Association. He is now a member of the Commission on the International Cultural Relations of the Association of American Colleges. Clarence E. Pickett, executive secretary of the American Friends Service Committee was awarded Doctor of Humane Letters. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, lecturer, author, worker for the rights of women and for international understanding, received the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters. An Oberlin graduate, Mrs. Terrell was the first colored woman ever to serve on a Board of Education in America when she was elected to that board in Washington, D.C., for eleven years. Dr. Bowen was presented by Prof. Lloyd W. Taylor, Dr. Fagley by Dr. Walter M. Horton, Dr. Hutchins by Vice-President Harold S. Wood, Mr. Pickett by Prof. John D. Lewis, and Mrs. Terrell by Dr. Hope Hibbard. Dean Thomas W. Graham Graham Gives Baccalaureate On Life's Laws By WARREN PRINCE "Experience makes clear that the one most satisfying approach to life is to be found in complete trust in what one sees when he is at his intelligent best, and a readiness to bet his life upon it" declared Dean Thomas W. Graham, of the Graduate School of Theology during the Baccalaureate Sermon at 4:00 p.m. yesterday in Finney. Dean Graham made references to his years of experience in Oberlin and the right of the senior class to expect a Christian judgement on what life holds. He found his answer in the words of Jesus, "Ye are the light of the world," and of Paul-faith, hope, and love. Declaring that love is the final law of life, Dean Graham pointed out that when the Rabbis and Jesus were agreed that all the law and the prophet were bound up in love of God and the love of neighbor, they were not emphasizing passion or sentiment, but that spirit of sympathy, understanding and profound concern with which folk are bound together by "hoops of steel." He said that it is natural for youth to seek its rewards in position and power, in prestige and influence, in material gain but toward the end of the day these turn to ashes on the tongue unless with them or through them one has found the growing affection of friends, the deepening influence of those who love him (Continued on Page 6) EDITORIALS PICTURES FEATURES Washington Afro American WOMEN FROM MANY NATIONS AT H.U. DINNER Among the guests at the 38th annual dinner of the College Alumnae Club, honoring the club's founders, were Mrs. Mary Buckner, instructor at Grimke School and a member of the American Federation of Teachers Local 27; and Mrs. Natalie F. Ousley, national vice president of the American Federation of Teachers, and an instructor at Provident High School in Gary, Ind. The dinner took place at Frazier Hall, Howard University. Seated left to right are Mrs. Muriel Alexander, Miss Conception Aguila, Mrs. Alice Taylor and Mrs. Harriet B. Allen. Mrs. Allen was one of the founders of the College Alumnae Club. Among those at the speaker's table were Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, founder and first president of the club; Miss Grace Chao, member of the public information section of the United Nations; Mrs. Ora W. Spivey, president of the local chapter; and Mrs. Grace Yaukey, sister of Pearl Buck, noted author. Mrs. Gyan-chand, former vice principal of the Girls' College of India, addressing the dinner. Miss Concepcion Aguila, former executive secretary of the Centro-Esclar University, of Manila, gives her views on the women of the Orient. ATTENDING COLLEGE ALUMNAE DINNER Others attending the dinner were Miss Yvonne Tibbs, Mrs. Ruth Logan and Mrs. Ida Gilbert Hunt. Only The AFRO Has All Three The Washington Afro-American, March [15?], 1948 Page M-1 PEOPLE AND THINGS [Chicago Defender, July 10-488] Alvin Rucker, Dept. of Labor Territorial Representative assigned to Puerto Rico is presently slated to lose his job. His salary comes from USES which is being separated from Labor and put under FSA (Oscar Ewing), and the USES budget was slashed by our late and not lamented Congress. Rucker has done an excellent job under extreme difficulties in Puerto Rico, and is guaranteed his old job back with USERS in Washington. As a matter of fact things will be stretched and he will be allowed to remain in PR, if he insists. We predict he will return to D. C., shortly. When Mary Church Terrell received the degree of Doctor of of Humane Letters from Oberlin U this Spring, she was the first colored woman to be so honored by any school. She graduated from Oberlin way back in 1884 and those Congregationalists must really have instilled her with militancy because she is still fighting for minority rights. Incidentally, Oberlin has been educating colored students along with white since 1833, long before Lincoln ever thought of emancipation. Mordecai Johnson, Howard U prexy, received Carver and Slowe Halls Wednesday as a present from the government. (Truman signed the transfer bill June 28.) At the transfer ceremony, Johnson told the press that Spurgeon Burke's contract has been taken over by Howard and he is now on the HU staff. The two dormitory-halls, show spots in D. C., will continue in the present policy of operation with gradual change-over to University dorms for professional and grad students. The Washington Afro-American, October 26, 1946 Washington Art Exhibit Draws Notables Among the many who visited the Aden Galleries during the third anniversary celebration last week were, left to right, Mrs. Blanche Stubbs, of Wilmington, Del., Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Washington author and lecturer, Alonzo J. Aden, director of the Galleries, Miss Helen Carroll, attorney of Arlington, Va., and Mrs Abel R. Plenn, wife of the author. Terrell Law School Opens on Sept. 20 Despite rumors to the contrary, the 17th term of the Robert H. Terrell Law School, 1922 13th St., N.W., starts Sept. 20, according to an announcement made this week by Dean George A. Parker. Terrell, the only school in the District offering evening training to men and women in the law, has graduated more than 250 students over half of whom are now practicing here and in 10 States. The school has applied for approval by the American Association of Law Schools so that its graduates may be eligible for admission to the bars of all of the States. The trustees declare that the school now seeks provisional approval having met the minimum requirements of having three full-time paid instructors and a new library of over 10,000 books. The library is housed in a separate building which the school acquired at 1909 13th St. Faculty Increased The faculty has been strengthened, two recent additions being James Greenhaus, an attorney in the General Accounting Office, and William A. Stern 2nd, Chief of the Claims Division of the Department of Justice. The latter will teach evidence and is the author of the widely used book, "Getting the Evidence." Full-Time Staff The full-time teachers are George A. Parker, dean; Frank Adams and James T. Wright, all of whom are well-known local lawyers of many years experience. Terrell graduates have from the beginning of the school maintained a high percentage in passing the District Bar examinations, thus attesting to the high calibre of instruction offered at the school. Present indications are that this year will show an increase in enrollment. The school was founded in memory of the late Municipal Judge Robert H. Terrell, after Howard University discontinued its evening Law School. [* Pittsburgh Courier June 26 1948 *] Oberlin Degree Is Awarded to Mrs. Terrell Mrs. Mary Church Terrell celebrated the sixty-fourth anniversary of her graduation from Oberlin College by becoming the first women ever to receive the honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters there last week. Three hundred graduates and a crowd of nearly 2,000 guests cheered her. The cheers were heard because the notable resident of Washington, D. C., had lived to return in a moment of supreme triumph, after becoming one of the first colored women to gain a college education in this country, more than sixty years ago. Tears were shed because she, with a record of many years of devoted service to her people and her country, was recently the brunt of a bitter controversy within the ranks of the American Association of College Women BIASED IDEALS HIT With all her charm and achievements, Mrs. Terrell, nevertheless, was denied membership in the D. C. chapter of the national organization solely because of her race. In protest, the national body excommunicated the franchise of the Washington chapter percipating a court fight which is now about to be heard. Only a fortnight ago, in token of her long years of service that carried her to Europe and other foreign lands, Howard University conferred a similar degree upon Mrs. Terrell. FORCE FOR GOOD Mrs. Terrell, a force for good in the capital since the early days of the career of the late Dr. Booker T. Washington, has served here as teacher, member of the D. C. Board of Education, NAACP official, clubwoman, and interantional representative to European conferences. She was the wife of the late Judge Robert H. Terrell, founder of a law school which bears his name. Terrell Junior High School, M Street and New York Avenue, N. W., also honors the memory of her husband. The Oberlin degree was conferred June 14. Mrs. Terrell, well into her eighties, returned to her home in the 1600 block of S Street, N. W., last week. Paul Jr. And Bride at Side of Fighting Dad Fighting beside his father in the battle for civil rights is Paul Robeson Jr. and his recent bride (next to him) as they appeared in a vigil for enactment of FEPC in Washington last week. Picutred in the group at an informal reception at the home of Mrs. Gladys Thomas, are left to right, the son and his wife, Lawrence Brown, Mr. Robeson's accompanist; Mr. Robeson, Mrs. Thomas and Mrs. Church Terrell. - (Kay- Dee, photo). AT NINETIETH BIRTHDAY PARTY -- Mrs. Mary Church Terrell is congratulated on her 90th birthday by three of the 700 persons who helped her celebrate yesterday. Shown with her are (left to right) Federal Judge William Hastie of Philadelphia, Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and Eugene Davidson, NAACP official. --- Star Staff Photo ____________________________________________________ 700 Fete Mrs. Terrell On 90th Birthday For Services to Race More than 700 persons from Washington and other points attended a luncheon in honor of Mrs. Mary Chuck Terrell yesterday on her 90th birthday. Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, led in praising the work of Mrs. Terrell in seeking equal rights for colored citizens. Mr. White said the gathering was in celebration of the birthday of a great American. He said another reason for the celebration was the recent Supreme Court decision banning race segregation in Washington restaurants. Mrs. Terrell fied the law suit which brought the decision. Start Anti-Discrimination Fund. Mr. White also called for a stepped-up effort to end discrimination against Negroes. A new fund campaign with a goal of $50,000 was started to help combat race discrimination. A pamphlet distributed to the gathering said the fund, named for Mrs. Terrell, will be used to aid organizations which will seek to end all traces of discrimination here by 1963, Mrs. Terrell's 100th birthday anniversary and the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. The Rev. Arthur F. Elmes, pastor of the People's Congregational Church, made a plea for support of the campaign. He said funds would be sought elsewhere in the country as well as here. 'Can be More Proud of Capital.' Mr. White told the meeting the restaurant decision and the lifting of race bars by downtown movie houses have made the Nation's Capital "a place of which we can be more proud, instead of being ashamed of it." But, Mr. White added, "we must realize how great is the task which lies before us for completion of the unfinished business of democracy. Even as we pause today to pay tribute to one of the great champions of freedom, let us here highly resolve to step up this business of cleaning the Augean stables of democracy which remain to be cleaned." Besides Mrs. Terrell, Mr. White also praised the late Charles H. Houston, Washington attorney, for unearthing the so-called "lost laws" of the District on which the Supreme Court based its restaurant decision. Judge Lauds Mrs. Terrell. Federal Circuit Judge William Hastie of Philadelphia, another speaker, congratulated Mrs. Terrell as one of the "few people who kept on" against segregation, even in years when others were frustrated. Judge Hastie announced that Mrs. Terrell will be awarded the Diamond Cross of Malta in December by the Philadelphia Cotillion, which has similarly honored Singer Marian Anderson, Dr. Ralph Bunche, Negro statesman, and other prominent citizens. Mrs. Terrell was presented with a certificate of merit from the National Bar Association Negro legal group, by Mrs. Annie Stein of New York, former executive secretary of the Coordinating Committee for the D. C. Anti-Discrimination Laws, of which Mrs. Terrell is chairman. Mrs. Terrell devoted her brief reply mostly to the movie theaters, saying that theater managers have promised to end discrimination, and urging Negroes to go to the theaters "in a nice friendly spirit, feeling when we do that we are helping to make the Capital of the United States the greatest democracy on earth." Was Teacher Here. Mrs. Terrell, a native of Memphis, Tenn., has lived here for more than 60 years. Widow of Municipal Court Judge Robert Terrell, she is a former District school teacher and Board of Education member. A graduate of Oberlin College, she precipitated a decision by the Washington chapter of the American Association of University Women to drop race bars when she applied for membership in 1946. She was a founder of the National Association of Colored Women and also of the NAACP. The Rev. Carl H. Kopf, pastor of the First Congregational Church, gave the invocation at the luncheon. Mme. Lillian Evanti sang a song dedicated to Mrs. Terrell, and a group of Howard University students also provided music. Among those attending were Singer Paul Robeson and his wife, who gave a contribution to the new fund. The luncheon was held at the Statler Hotel. SATURDAY, MAY 27, 1950 Pittsburgh Courier SOCIAL REGISTER By REVELLA CLAY I've been to lots of receptions, some good, some bad; seen lots of honorees, some deserving, some undeserving, some bored, some thrilled - but I can't remember a reception more delightful than the Barristers' Wives Mothers' Day blowout at the National Council Home, nor an honoree more gracious than their 1950 "Woman of Achievement," Mrs. Charles H. Thompson. Pleasant informality set the tone for the delightful reception, which attracted more than four hundred guests who thronged through the spacious Council parlors in a splash of spring finery that rivaled the Easter parade and with such good camaraderie as to seem to be just one big happy family... that in itself is a rarity for the usual sombre reception pattern our town sets. THE BARRISTERS' WIVES But for extra delight phases there were the Barristers' Wives themselves, many of whose legal better halves turned out to beam at their fashionable madames and who were represented in the receiving line by Mrs. Andrew J. Howard, springliek and charming in white eyelet over a dark taffeta underdress; Mrs. Richard J. Atkinson, president, stunningly garbed in tan lace with a huge orchid corsage for that extra touch; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, the only honorary member of the club; Mrs. Leroy McKinney, who in addition to being the wife of the new president of the Washington Bar Association, is recording secretary of the "BWs", and Mrs. Hubert Fair, vice president. Then such non-reception line personalities as chic Mrs. Wesley Williams, who founded the Barristers' Wives in 1947 and served as the club's first president... Kathryn Cameron Brown, who is Mrs. A. J. Howard, led the committee in arranging the affair... Peggy Haywood Hawthorne, as BW as well as barrister in her own right... Edna McClellan, wife of the recent Catholic University Law School graduate, Wayland... Mrs. Leon Ransome, who helped in pouring at the beautifully arranged refreshment table. In this setting of color and charm, however, the woman of the hour was the beauteous Mrs. Thompson, who gave a rare touch to the business of being honored by seeming so completely and sincerely appreciative... beautiful with her white hair gleaming in contrast to the soft black chiffon dress; but modest and humble and very thankful, and I do declare there were traces of tears in Mrs. T's eyes. ... But in toto, the occasion sent the Barristers' Wives hostess rating zooming up to a new zenith, though they have been since their inception in '47 one of our town's most fashionable and active groups; and the so-gracious Mrs. T into more hearts than those of the 400 guests who gar- nered the lady with more kisses in a half-hour than Jane Russell gets in two hours of "Outlaw". DANCING WITH DELTAS It was Delta night in the Lincoln Colonnade, Friday, and the local DSTs, in the throes of May Week celebration, made a night of hilarious fun dancing until... It was sort of "Halloween in May"... With the Delta sorors urging on a festive spirit by furnishing guests with paper hats, and the Deltas were out en masse... Spied the new president, Anna Steen, who will be installed at the Beta Sigma Chapter meeting this June, succeeding Dorothy Shaed Proctor, who was also there... Angelyn McLilly, charmingly wearing Delta colors... Dorothy Gentry... Rae Preston ... Celonia Walden... Dr. Marian T. Wright... Doris Hackley Hundley... Helene Cecile. A VARIETY OF SOCIETINA Alpha Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Sunday, honored seven sorors at a reception in Truth Hall. Honored were Mu- riel Milton Alexander, for being the new principal of the Kelly Miller Junior High School; Dr. Dorothy Boulding Ferebee, president of the National Council of iliary to the National Medical Association. Also Vivian McBride, instructor of music at Miner Teachers College, and author of a book of verse, "Finger Fun with Songs to be sung"; Dr. Gladys Tignor Peterson, administrative assistant to the first assistant superintendent of schools, and recent recipient of a Doctor of Education degree in secondary education from Columbia University; Dr. Metze Tate, professor of history at Howard University, and recent recipient of an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from Michigan Western State College, Kalamazoo, Mich. Mr. and Mrs. Nathaniel A. Murray arrived in Dee Cee this week from Los Angeles en route to Newark, N.J., where they will be honored guests of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, at a testimonial given for Alpha founders and their wives, May 28. Mr. and Mrs. Murray left Dee Cee last year to make their home in Los Angeles. They will be accompanied by their two grandsons, Cayelana and Jose Garcia, who will remain Washington with their mother, Mrs. Pauline Garcie, teacher of Spanish at Howard University. The National Association of Colored Girls of the National Association of Colored Women, Sunday gave a "Friendship Party" at headquarters, 1114 O Street, N.W. Miss Mayme Mehlinger is supervisor of the group. Officers are Miss Frances Clark, president; Miss Doris Daniels, first vice president; Miss Alpha Goldson, second vice president; Miss Aris Banks, third vice president Miss Jacqueline Highsmith, recording secretary; Miss Barbara Boggins, corresponding secretary. Miss Clarell Williams treasurer; Miss Luella Hawkins, sergeant-at-arms. UP AND COMING Xi Omega Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority will present its annual fiesta this Friday at the Lincoln Colonnade, 10 P.M., under the auspicious title of "One Night in Arabia." Prizes are to be awarded for costumes, while refreshments and souvenirs will be on sale . . . The Mannequins Social Club, this week, Saturday, presents its annual Apache Ball . . . Lincoln Colonnade, from 11 until. Prizes will be awarded for costumes. Washington members of the exclusive HM Club of America, all-stag aggregation of professional and businessmen who have never divulged what the club name stands for despite loads of curious speculators, will be leaving their wives behind them and trekking to Asbury Park, N.J. for their annual closed blowout, which will begin this Friday. Washington HMs include Harry O. Atwood, Merrill Curtis, Stud Greene, George E.C. Hayes, Thomas W. Parks, James E. Scott, Waddell Thomas, Raymond M. Alexander, James G. (Pete) Tyson and Al Spencer. By REVELLA CLAY I've been to lots of receptions, some good, some bad; seen lots of honorees, some deserving, some undeserving, some bored, some thrilled --- But I can't remember a reception more delightful than the Barristers' Wives Mothers' Day blowout at the National Council Home, nor an honoree more gracious than their 1950 "Woman of Achievement," Mrs. Charles H. Thompson. Pleasant informality set the tone for the delightful reception, which attracted more than four hundred guests who thronged through the spacious Council parlors in a splash of spring finery that rivaled the Easter parade and with such god camaraderie as to seem to be just one big happy family... that in itself is a rarity for the usual sombre reception pattern our town sets. THE BARRISTERS' WIVES But for extra delightful phases there were the Barristers' Wives themselves, many of those legal better halves turned out to beam at their fashionable madames and who were represented in the receiving line by Mrs. Andrew J. Howard, springliek and charming in white eyelet over a dark taffeta underdress; Mrs. Richard J. Atkinson, president, stunningly garbed in tan lace with a huge orchid corsage for that extra touch; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, the only honorary member of the club; Mrs. Leroy McKinney, who, in addition to being the wife of the new president of the Washington Bar Association, is recording secretary of the "BWs", and Mrs. Hubert Fair, vice president. Then such non-reception line personalities as chic Mrs. Wesley Williams, who founded the Barristers' Wives in 1947 and served as the club's first president...Kathryn Cameron Brown, who with Mrs. A. J. Howard, led the committee in arranging the affair...Peggy Haywood Hawthorne, a BW as well as barrister in her own right... Edna McClellan, wife of the recent Catholic University Law School graduate, Wayland...Mrs. Leon Ransome, who helped in pouring at he beautifully arranged refreshment table. In this setting of color and charm, however, the woman of the hour was the beauteous Mrs. Thompson, who gave a rare touch to the business of being honored by seeming so completely and sincerely appreciative...beautiful with her white hair gleaming in contrast to the soft black chiffon dress; but modest and humble and very thankful, and I do declare there were traces of tears in Mrs. T's eyes. …But in toto, the occasion sent the Barristers' Wives hostess rating zooming up to a new zenith, though they have been since their inception in '47 one of our town's most fashionable and active groups; and the so-gracious Mrs. T into more hearts than those of the 400 guests who garnered the lady with more kisses in a half-hour than Jane Russell gets in two hours of the "Outlaw." DANCING WITH DELTAS It was Delta night in the Lincoln Colonnade, Friday, and the local DSTs, in the throes of May Week celebration, made a night of hilarious fun dancing until... It was a sort of "Halloween in May"... with the Delta sorors urging on a festive spirit by furnishing guests with paper hats, and the Deltas were out en masse... Spied the new president, Anna Steen, who will be installed at the Beta Sigma Chapter meeting this June, succeeding Dorothy Shaed Proctor, who was also there... Angelyn McLilly, charmingly wearing Delta colors...Dorothy Gentry...Rae Preston...Celonia Walden...Dr. Marian T. Wright...Doris Hackley Hundley...Helene Cecile. A VARIETY OF SOCIETINA Alpha Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Sunday, honored seven sorors at a reception in Truth Hall. Honored were Muriel Milton Alexander, for being the new principal of the Kelly Miller Junior High School; Dr. Dorothy Boulding Ferebee, president of the National Council of Negro Women; Eunice Matthews, teacher at the Garrison School, and national organizer and president-elect of the Women's Auxiliary to the National Medical Association. Also Vivian McBride, instructor of music at Miner Teachers College, and author of a book of verse, "Finger Fun with Songs to be Sung"; Dr. Gladys Tignor Peterson, administrative assistant to the first assistant superintendent of schools, and recent recipient of a Doctor of Education degree in secondary education from Columbia University; Dr. Merze Tate, professor of history at Howard University, and recent recipient of an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from Michigan Western State College, Kalamazoo, Mich. Mr. and Mrs. Nathaniel A. Murray arrived in Dee Cee this week from Los Angeles en route to Newark, N. J., where they will be honored guests of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, at a testimonial given for Alpha founders and their wives, May 28. Mr. and Mrs. Murray left Dee Cee last year to make their home in Los Angeles. They will be accompanied by their two grandsons, Cayelana and Jose Garcia, who will remain Washington with their mother, Mrs. Pauline Garcie, teacher of Spanish at Howard University. The National Association of Colored Girls of the National Association of Colored Women, Sunday, gave a "Friendship Party" at headquarters, 1114 O Street, N. W. Miss Mayme Mehlinger is supervisor of the group. Officers are Miss Frances Clark, president; Miss Doris Daniels, first vice president; Miss Alpha Goldson, second vice president; Miss Aris Banks, third vice president; Miss Jacqueline Highsmith, recording secretary; Miss Barbara Boggins, corresponding secretary; Miss Clarell Williams, treasurer; Miss Luella Hawkins, sergeant-at-arms. UP AND COMING Xi Omega Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority will present its annual fiesta this Friday at the Lincoln Colonnade, 10 P.M., under the auspicious title of "One Night in Arabia." Prizes are to be awarded for costumes, while refreshments and souvenirs will be on sale... The Mannequins Social Club, this week, Saturday, presents its annual Apache Ball...Lincoln Colonnade, from 11 until. Prizes will be awarded for costumes. Washington members of the exclusive HM Club of America, all-stag aggregation of professional and businessmen who have never divulged what the club name stands for despite loads of curious speculators, will be leaving their wives behind them and trekking to Asbury Park, N. J., for their annual closed blowout, which will begin this Friday. Washington HMs include Harry O. Atwood, Merrill Curtis, Stud Greene, George E. C. Hayes, Thomas w. Parks, James E. Scott, Waddell Thomas, Raymond M. Alexander, James G. (Pete) Tyson and Al Spencer. Pittsburgh Courier Sept 29, '51 Honor Mrs. Terrell -- One of the most highly deserved tributes that could be paid to anyone was the honoring of the distinguished District leader, Mrs. March Church Terrell, widow of the late Judge Robert H. Terrell, on the occasion of Mrs. Terrell's eighty-eighth birthday. Her natal day was celebrated at Alpha House. With Mrs. Terrell and her birthday cake are Dr. Mordecai Johnson, left, and Mrs. Alice Flagg, right. Outstanding Crusader for Rights District Honors Mrs. Mary Terrell on 88th Birthday An estimated 600 persons Sunday heard Mrs. Mary Church Terrell eulogized as having lived a life of such tribute to human dignity that it will inspire generations in ages to come, as the intrepid rights crusader was honored on the occasion of her eighty-eighth birthday. Delivering the only testimonial address during the 6 to 8PM birthday reception held in the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity House, Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson, president of Howard University, declared that Mrs. Terrell's life has been so beautiful that it cannot be tarnished even by the humiliation of segregation in the nation's capital. Cites Crusading He referred to the hearty octagenarian's efforts to end segregation in eating places here by filing a test suit against Thompson's Restaurant, and declared that Mrs. Terrell..."In her eighth decade had subject herself to humiliation in the hopes of striking a fatal blow to a system that (Continued on Page 5, Col 6) Dunbar Teacher's Condition Critical The condition of Mrs. Evelyn Douglass, wife of Haley C. Douglass, a grandson of famed abolitionist Frederick Douglass, was listed as critical by Freedmen's Hospital attaches here early this week. She was burned on Sunday about noon when a cigarette set afire the bed in which she was sleeping, firemen said. Mrs. Douglass is a teacher of history at Dunbar High School and resides at 1732 Fifteenth Street, N.W. President Truman Signs Measure A-20 **THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D.C. Monday, September 24, 1951 Mrs. Mary C. Terrell, Anti-Segregationist, Honored at Reception More than 400 well-wishers of all races and creeds yesterday crammed the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity House at Howard University to pay tribute to Mrs. Mary Church Terrell on her 88th birthday. The diminutive Negro crusader against racial barriers and widow of Municipal Court Judge Robert H. Terrell, was honored at a reception sponsored by the Co-ordinating Committee for Enforcement of the District's Anti-Discrimination Laws. Mrs. Terrell has been a chief figure in the test case, still pending in the courts here, stemming from a restaurant's refusal to serve her. Dr. Mordecai Johnson, president of Howard University, presented an inscribed lapel watch to Mrs. Terrell. Student of Terrell Junior High School, named after her late husband, presented a bouquet of red roses to Mrs. Terrell. The cafeteria workers' union lauded her. Scores of telegrams and cards came from all over the county. Included were messages from Dr. Ralph Bunche and Federal Judge J. Waties Waring of South Carolina. As she heard the greetings Mrs. Terrell was flanked by her Oberlin classmate (1884), Mrs. Clarence Swift, former president of the American Association of University Women, and Mrs. Julie West Hamilton, president of the Phyllis Wheatley YWCA. Star Staff Photo Mrs. Mary Church Terrell New Junior High to Be Dedicated Post The new Kelly Miller Junior High School, 49th st and Washington pl. ne., will be dedicated in ceremonies Monday at 8 p. m. in the school auditorium. School officials and members of the Board of Education have been invited to attend. Speakers will include Dr. Garnet C. Wilkinson, first assistant superintendent of schools; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, former member of the Board of Education; the Rev. Hampton Gaskins, pastor of Liberty Baptist Church and president of Kelly Miller Parent-Teacher Association, and Bernard Chapman, president of the Northeast Boundary Citizens Association. Nov 19th '50 Duplicate Page 28 The Washington Afro-American, August 19, 1950 Problems of Aged Take Spotlight at 3-Day Conference in D.C. Photo caption: Federal Security Administrator Oscar R. Ewing chats with Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, 86, at the opening session, Sunday, of the National Conference on Aging at the Shoreham Hotel. The three-day meeting came to an end on Tuesday afternoon. _________________________________________ Aging Conference Bares Sore Spot The National Conference on Aging, held here this week, has pointed up a greatly-neglected area of social research and action. This was the considered opinion of colored members among the 808 delegates to the three-day conference, which was called by the Federal Security Agency and which opened at the Shoreham Hotel on Sunday. It was regretted that the late date at which the conference was announced meant that many persons whose contributions could have been valuable were unable to be present. Many Not in Attendance Invitations were sent to a number of experts who, because of other commitments or vacations, did not attend. All delegates to the meetings came at their own expense. A summary report of the conference will be issued shortly. It was hailed as an "unqualified success" by FSA Administrator Oscar R. Ewing at the closing luncheon session, Tuesday. He compared the awakened interest in the older portion of the population to the child labor and woman suffrage movements and declared that the conference has outlined a new "magna carta" for the aging. No Segregation Arrangements Delegates who attended the conference expressed gratification that it was held on a completely non-segregated basis with members of the race integrated at all levels. Concern was expressed, however, over the need for increasing minority group awareness in the special problems which an aging population presents. Due to social and economic conditions, the proportion of older colored folk in the United States continues to be smaller than that among the whites, Dr. Ira De A. Reid, professor of sociology at Haverford College, pointed out. However, he asserted, one of the encouraging notes sounded at the conference was that the factors making for healthy and happy old age are controllable ones. Presents Challenge Increasing the race's life expectancy through improved health and other measures represents a definite challenge, Dr. Reid declared, as does the problem of social planning geared to the needs and potentialities of the aging. "The problem for our group is to add life to years, as well as add years to life," said Dr. Edward Nelson Palmer, professor of social science at Hampton Institute. "What is needed is continued research on an integrated level to implement this beginning." Dr. Palmer also declared that intensive study of the aged colored population will highlight problems of aging in general. "Excellent Beginning" President John W. Davis of West Virginia State College termed the conference "an excellent beginning in an area too long overlooked by education, industry, and the nation as a whole. "With the disproportionate insecurity existing among our older people, we especially, cannot afford to overlook this issue any longer," he added. 'The most important conference held in this half-century," was the comment of Mrs. Ida Smith Taylor, director of the Gordon Convalescent Home in Washington, where many of the residents are older people. More Interest Expected A "hope that there will be an upsurge of interest in problems of the aging in all of our communities," was expressed by Mrs. Anna Arnold Hedgeman, assistant to Federal Security Administrator Oscar R. Ewing. Speaking of the interest which can be generated in local communities by the type of leadership colored delegates brought to the conference, Mrs. Hedgeman declared: "Representatives of 11 States and the District of Columbia and leaders of national organizations or their representative were among the delegates. "Colored persons served on the advisory committee to the conference, on planning committees, and as recorders. It was heart-warming to note the variety of experts working intensively in the conference." Participants Named Among those who participated in the conference work sessions were: Rural life -- Miss Patsey Graves of Washington and John W. Mitchell of Hampton Institute, both of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Community organization -- Mrs. Jean Capers, Cleveland Councilwoman; Mrs. Frances Brown, civic leader of Minneapolis; Mrs. Corinne Lowery of Washington and Mrs. Iola W. Rowan of Dallas, Texas, both representing the National Association of Colored Women. Education -- President Davis, J. H. Davis of TVA, Mrs. Mae Hawes, Cheyney Institute; Mrs. Edmonia Davidson and Miss Ruth Kemp of Washington, Emmett Scott of the Southern Education Foundation and Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, president-emeritus of Bethune-Cookman College. Federal Aides Abound Family, home life and living arrangements -- Dr. Reid, Mrs. Madeline Kirkland of the U. S. Department of Home Economics and Mrs. Taylor. Recreation and creative activities -- Mrs. Charlotte Moton Hubbard and Mrs. Bertha Lomack of Washington, Walter Roark of the Salvation Army in New York City and Dr. E. Beulah Winston of Washington. Aging, demography, and research -- Dr. Palmer. Employment, employability and rehabilitation -- Dr. Harry W. Roberts, head of the sociology department of Virginia State College; John T. Simmons of the Michigan Unemployment Compensation Commission in Detroit. Religion -- The Rev. Harry W. Richardson, president of Gammon Theological Seminary; and Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington. Health -- Dr. Arthur Huth Simmons, acting director, and Charles Burbridge, superintendent, of Freedman's Hospital. Income maintenance -- Dr. George Snowden, director of employment security in Baton Rouge, La; J. Harney Kerns of the National Urban League. Professional personnel -- Mrs. Cecilia C. Saunders of the YMCA in New York City and Mrs. John Post 9-13-53 Mrs. Terrell To Be Feted At Luncheon More than 1000 persons are expected to attend a luncheon honoring Mrs. Mary Church Terrell on her 90th birthday. It will be held at the Hotel Statler at 12:30 p.m. October 10. Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, will be the main speaker Mrs. Terrell has been prominent in District affairs for more than 60 years. After her graduation from Oberlin College in 1884 she was one of the first two woman and the first Negro woman to be appointed to the District School Board. She organized the National Association of Colored Women in 1896 and was one of the first Negroes admitted to the American Association of University Women. Mrs. Terrell was one of the original complainants in the Thompson Restaurant case in which the Supreme Court ruled District eating places could not practice discrimination. The general public has been invited to attend the luncheon. Tickets may be obtained from the Committee for Establishing the Mary Church Terrell Fund, 207 Florida ave. nw. The telephone number is Hobart 2-7611. Mrs. Eloise Keller Richardson, of Annapolis, is the first full-time non-white librarian at the Annapolis and Anne Arundel County Public library. Eloise, singer, pianist, and so [?] hostess, should fill the bill well. The Bloomingdale Civic Association chose a foursome Friday night that were extra-worthy of their tribute giving -- Dr. Paul Cooke, Mesdames Jacqueline Cuney, Mary Church Terrell and Minnie L. Wright. Well, that Bloomingdale crowd filled Baldwin Hall, dined on chicken and fixings, and sent the honorees home with earfuls of praise. Thrills came to everyone when "Mary Dear" (Mrs. Mary Church Terrell) civic worker extraordinary, gave a brief, but dramacked "Thank You." Mesdames Cuney and Wright responded charmingly too. And folks got a kick when the brilliant young Dr. Cooke made a real address (he's my son-in-law, husband of step-daughter Rose Clifford, so hope you noticed how my chest poked out when Mr.Cooke let loose that eloquence). Barrington D. Parker presided. The Honorable Armond W. Scott, Judge of the Municipal Court for the District of Columbia, talked to the group in his own masterful manner. The Tabor Sextette; Miriam Clement, Carol Rosa Davis, Cleopatra Dodd, Dorothy Duncanson, Arwilda Richardson; with accompanist, Thelma Guy, furnished music. Other program participants included Chairman W. A. Haynes, Guy Tinner, Lt. Col. Robert Pollard, Mrs. Jane W Burton and the Rev. R. W. Brooks. Seen here and there were: Mesdames Phyllis Byrd, Julia West Hamilton, Velma Williams, Capitola Horn, Mary Davis, Alta Clarke, Alice Trigg, Ida Taylor, Mesdames Gertie Smith, Annie Stein, Eunice Matthews, Ida G. Hunt, E. Y. Williams, Eloyce Gist, Bessie L. Black, Ellen McKinney, Mesdames Elfreida Taylor, Clyde Moody, Letitia Compton, Inez West, Louise Mosby, Jennie Payne; Miss Bernice Chew and her mother, Mrs. Maude Chew; Mrs. Cathrine Hurley, her purple garb being extra smart with her brushed back grey hair. Messrs. and Mesdames G.B. Reid, Ernest Amos, Jeffery Lowe, Evelyn Chisley, Perry W. Howard, Eldredge Brown, Richard Atkinson, Hubert Pair, Alfred Simons, James Lomack G. Fredrick Stanton, Frank M Kinney: Doctors Harriet Thomas, John J. O'Connor: the Rev. Mr. and Mrs. J. L. S. Holloman, Dr. and Mrs. J. C. Brazier; Louis Cooke, father of Dr. Cooke, William Nixon, John B Duncan. Putting the Program over were W.A. Haynes, Melvin Lancaster, Guy Tinner, Walter B. Sanderson, Barrington D. Parker, Lt. Col. Robert L Pollard; Mesdames Susie Mae Abbott, Jane W. Burton, Marjorie Campbell, Evelyn B. Overton, Alberta Randolph, Catherine D. Spencer, Elinor R. Waller: and Miss Georgette White. Aug 52 - L.A. D. Veras Slave's daughter at 89 still carries on equality fight An 89-year-old daughter of an African slave was in Los Angeles today, still carrying on her lifelong fight for equality for Negroes. She is Dr. Mary Church Terrell, who came to Los Angeles as a delegate to the convention of the National Association of Colored Women, which she helped to organize in 1896. Dr. Terrell was the group's first president, and also assisted in organizing the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She comes from a family that has distinguished itself in public affairs. Her husband, Judge Heberton Terrell, was a Washington,D.C., municipal judge for 20 years, and a brother, R.R. Church Jr., fought the Crump machine in Tennessee as a Republican Party leader in Memphis. Judge Terrell died in 1925 and her brother died recently. Dr. Terrell herself has had a long and honorable career in public life, a career during which she has been an indefatigable worker for freedom of education for all Americans, for world friendship, and for woman suffrage. She was a member of the Washington, D.C., district school board for 11 years, starting in 1895 when she became one of the first two women to serve on the board. Three colleges--Oberlin, Howard and Wilberforce--have conferred the degree of doctors of letters on her. One of her two daughters, Mrs. Mary T. Beaudreau, lives at 2956 Edgehill Dr., and the other, Mrs. Phyllis Langston, resides in, Washington, D. C. Los Angeles Sentinel Oct 22, 1953 Photo caption: DR. MARY CHURCH TERRELL, renowned educator and civic leader, who was instrumental in bringing about the recent enforcement of Washington, D.C.'s anti-discrimination laws, is shown being interviewed, recently, on the popular radio show of Nancy Osgood (right), director of women's activities of the National Broadcasting company's Washington facilities, as Carleton D. Smith, vice president and general manager, looks on. --NBC photo. Afro Oct. 13, 1953 [photograph] AT TERRELL LUNCHEON – Paul Robeson (right), noted singer, was among the hundreds of well-wishers who attended the birthday luncheon for Mrs. Mary Church Terrell (left), 90, at the Hotel Statler on Saturday, Mr. Robeson and his wife, Mrs. Eslanda Robeson, donated $90 to the Mary Church Terrell Fund to End Segregation in the Nation’s Capital. Donors give $5,200 to end D.C. segregation Donations of $5,200 in cash and pledges for the Mary Church Terrell Fund were announced Saturday, following a birthday luncheon honoring 90-year-old Mrs. Terrell at the Hotel Statler. Goal of the fund is $50,000 to be used in aiding organizations seeking to end racial segregation and discrimination in the Nation’s Capital. It is hoped that through these efforts all jim crow in Washington will be abolished by Mrs. Terrell’s 100th birthday, which will also be the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. 700 Attend Luncheon More than 700 guests, many of them from out of town, attended the luncheon on Saturday, which was arranged by a committee of local citizens, headed by Mrs. Geneva Valentine, who presided. Speakers included Walter White, executive secretary of the NAACP, and Federal Circuit Court Judge William H. Hastie of Philadelphia. Judge Hastie announced, after paying tribute to Mrs. Terrell, that the Cotillion Society of Philadelphia will honor Mrs. Terrell with its diamond cross award on Dec. 30. Other recipients of the award have included Ralph Bunche, Branch Rickey, Mary McLeod Bethune, and Marian Anderson. Cited By Bar Association At the luncheon, Mrs. Terrell also received a certificate of merit "for ceaseless and zealous effort" from the National Bar Association. The presentation was made by Mrs. Annie Stein, now of New York City. Mrs. Stein was previously executive secretary of the Co-ordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws of which Mrs. Terrell is chairman. Mrs. Terrell, in her remarks, paid tribute to Mrs. Stein and other members of the Co-ordinating Committee for their "untiring work" in the "long campaign - the longest and hardest campaign of my long career" - which ended when the Supreme Court outlawed discrimination in D.C. restaurants this past June. Faith in Democracy Wearing a two-piece blue crepe which complimented her snowy hair, Mrs. Terrell also cited the recently-announced open-door policy of D.C. movie houses and urged her listeners to help continue to break down barriers which prevent the United States from being the "home of democracy." Mr. White, in his speech, remarked that "There are those who say that there will be trouble if the courts, administrative officials and legislative bodies, backed by public opinion, move further towards abolition of racial segregation and discrimination. "But," Mr. White stated, "I happen to have such abiding faith in democracy itself that I do not believe professional bigots can stay the course of human freedom." Courier, June 12 1953 Alumni Banquet Prexy Johnson Speaks President Mordecai W. Johnson spoke to a good many empty seats at the Howard University general alumni banquet in Baldwin Dining Hall Thursday evening. But the good Howardites who attended were not disappointed - the program was entertaining - the food good and the service excellent. Banquet tables were arranged by classes and by city and state alumni associations so that it was easy to locate former classmates and friends. Seated directly in front of the speaker's table were members of the class of 1918, some of whom had not returned to the university campus in over thirty years. Included in this class were Mr. and Mrs. W. Spurgeon Burke, Mrs. Edgar R. Beckley, Gertrude B. Cope, Mr. and Mrs. Eddie L. James of Charleston, W. Va.; Mrs. Adelaide Smith Turner, Mrs. Olive Cesar Peters, Mrs. Carlotta P. Lingo, Mrs. Mary E. Kenerson, Mrs. Mabel Oden Carroll, Mrs. May Edwards Hill and Mrs. Daniel G. Hill. Mrs. Frederick P. Lytes Mrs. Anna Coleman Lytes, both of West Virginia State College; Grace Hill Jacobs, Linwood (Horse) Koger, Madeline Clarke Foreman, Thomas B. Dyett, De-Reath Byrd Beausy, Charles M. Thompson, Moses J. Proffitt. Greetings The program, presided over by Mrs. Juanita H. Thomas, alumni trustee, included greetings by Dr. George H. Jones, president of the General Alumni Association; Dr. Edna Martin, Brooklyn Alumni and representatives from the Schools of Medicine, Dentistry, Religion, Pharmacy, Law, Engineering, the Class of 1918 as well as the 1953 graduating class. Special citations were presented Dr. Peter M. Murray, Dr. Ralph J. Young, James P. Scott and Mrs. Susie E. Miles. Also seated at the speakers' table were Mrs. Johnson, the Rev. Daniel G. Hill, who delivered the invocation; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell and the University Dean of Women, Dr. Sadie Yancey. Immediately in back of the Class of 1918 was the Baltimore Alumni which included Gwendolyn Biddle, Mazie Odele Barbour, Ruth Jones King, E. Louise Anderson, M. Doris Trotter, Mack B. Simpson, Anne E. Calhoun, Lillian Rustin, Mary C. Frazier, Thomas E. Frazier, L. Madison Williams, Roy Bond, Edith Bowman, Katrine N. White, Lula E. and Hiram E. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Young, and Lois Young. A tribute should go to the young men behind the scene: the Howard University waiters who did such a line job of serving. All of them university students, persons in charge of the dining room system should be proud of Henry Cunningham, J. Benson Parks, Edward Johnson, John Bell, Walter Hampton, Wilfred Ralph, Herbert Scott, head waiter; Earl Phillips, Don Boyd, Armory Brunot, William Peter Bailey, Joseph Figueroa and Alfred Spellman. [* Post Oct 5 1952*] 'A Heroine' Tribute Paid Dr. Terrell, Crusader, 89 Dr. Mary Church Terrell, who has sparked integration campaigns in Washington for years, was honored yesterday at a birthday-testimonial dinner at the Washington Hotel. More than 500 citizens attended the affair at which Mrs. Terrell was described as "a heroine" and "glowing person." She celebrated her eighty-ninth birthday anniversary on September 23. In opening the doors to Negroes of more than 50 cafes, restaurants, and cafeterias in stores in Washington, Mrs. Terrell "had won victory against segregation" said Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson, president of Howard University. Mrs. Terrell, the widow of Municipal Court Judge Robert Terrell, credited the successful ant-discrimination campaign "to a host of friends." A resident of Washington more than 60 years, Mrs. Terrell graduated from Oberlin in 1884. An author, world traveler, and educator, she has devoted three years to the integration campaign. The dinner was sponsored by the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D. C. Anti-Discrimination Laws and other groups. The master of ceremonies was Dr. E. B. Henderson, superintendent of health and physical education of Negro public schools in the District. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1953 Statler Hotel Mary Church Terrell Day Set Oct. 10 The celebration of the ninetieth birthday anniversary of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell by many standards the first post-slavery immortal among the nation's Negro women, has been set for the Statler Hotel on Oct. 10. She first reached the position as the foremost woman of the minority fifty-seven years ago when she was elected to hold office as the initial president of the National Association of Negro Women. In 1902, she represented that organization in a world convention of women at Berlin, Germany, and made her discourse in three languages. A POPULAR figure in Washington since her early youth, as a juvenile guest at the inaugural ball of President James A. Garfield in the spring of 1881, Mrs. Terrell has since experienced the official launchings of fourteen other administrations. An active member of many Negro organizations ad of many interracial groups, she is one of the founders of the NAACP. Having lived here for many decades, she has been a firm enemy of racial discrimination and was credited with leading the fight that finally opened D.C. cafes to Negroes in June of this year. MRS. G.K. VALENTINE, is chairman of the committee that is handling arrangements for the affair, in which many women's clubs and organizations are pooling their efforts. The Guardian, Boston, Mass., September 19, 1953 She'll Be 90 October 10 The Fabulous Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, probably the most valiant fighter for civil rights in the nation, will be 90 years old Oct. 10. Friends and admirers will honor her on that day with a luncheon at the Statler hotel in Washington, D.C. Mrs. Terrell has been a leader of various women's organizations since 1896, and she has fought for civil rights all her life. [Courier Nov. 25, 1953] Washington Pipeline By Stanley Roberts Washington --His nation-wise legal friends and associates will be interested in a testimonial dinner in honor of Judge Andrew Howard at Washington National Airport sponsored by D.C. Bar Association Nov. 20. Seeking republication support for a job on the contemplated new Government Contract Committee executive staff, Howard Rosen, assistant professor of political science at Hampton, has been in and out of town. In response to many requests reaching the Courier for sources here of material for research, writing and background information, write to Superintendent of Documents, I.S. Government Printing Office, Washing 25, D.C. Some ninety-eight million pieces of literature are yearly but lists and prices can be obtained on request. This little publicized source offers a wealth of information. Use it! Newest attack on Washington segregation is against Columbia Institution for the Deaf. Americans for Democratic Action point out that the segregation is not required by law and could be changed by a stroke of Commissioner Sam Spencer's pen. Mamie Eisenhower delights the women's organizations visiting here by her frequent entertaining and White House receptions. Naturally, women visiting Washington (and men, too) like to go back home boasting of shaking hands with the President's wife. She is getting good advice on her public relations among Negro women. For instance, for reading at Mary Church Terrell's ninetieth birthday party she took time, in her own handwriting, to congratulate the old warrior who has been recently identified with breaking down restaurant and theatre jim crow here. Wrote Mrs. Ike: "Dear Mrs. Terrell: It is a great pleasure for me to join with your host of friends in sending my most sincere congratulations to you on the occasion of your ninetieth birthday on Oct. 10. You should have great pride in your life of service and self-sacrifice and great satisfaction in your scholastic achievements as you look back over the years and the countless honors accorded you. Cherished memories of family and friends will bring you pleasure. My best wishes to you for many more years of continued happiness and health...Mamie Dowd Eisenhower." Also when the Executive Committee of the National Council of Negro women was received at White House last Thursday two ladies who played an important part in the election of her husband, Mrs. Daisy Lampkin and Mrs. Jane Morrow Spaulding, led the line into Mamie's receiving room and posed for pictures with her, all this at her special request. The late Charles Houston, great civil rights lawyer, had a browsing room contributed by the Barristers' Wives, dedicated to his memory Sunday in the Baker's Dozen Youth Center. Committee includes Mmes. Wesley S. Williams, Barrington D. Parker, Richard R. Atkinson, William B. Bryant, Wayland Mclellan, Hubert B. Pair, Richard E. Washington and Maurice R. Weeks. Sidney J. Phillips, president of Booker T. Washington Birthday Memorial (Virginia), sent along some clippings of his highly readable weekly column in The Tribune published at Roanoke. Phillips actively supported Thomas B. Stanley for Governor. Stanley, a Democrat, won. Watch for the astute Phillips playing an active and decisive part in Virginia poltiical affairs. Washington Post 9/24/51 Reception Honors Mrs. Terrell at 88 On the occasion of her eighty-eighth anniversary, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell was honored yesterday at a reception given by the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the District Anti-Discrimination Laws. The party was held from 6 to 8 p. m. at the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity house, 1800 New Hampshire ave. A leader in the campaign against segregation here, Mrs. Terrell was assisted in the receiving by Mrs. Clarence Swift, Mrs. Julie West Hamilton, head of the Phyllis Wheatley branch of the YWCA; Canon Richard Williams of the Washington Cathedral, Dr. Frederick Reissig, executive secretary of the Washington Federation of Churches; the Rev. W. H. Jernagin of the World Baptist Alliance and Mrs. Jernagin and Mrs. Velma Williams, a member of the District School Board. Others in the receiving line were representatives of organizations which Mrs. Terrell has organized or projects in which she has played a vital role. These were Mrs. Anna Steem of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Foster Wood of the Unitarian Fellowship and Social Justice, Belford V. Lawson, president of the national fraternity of the Alpha Phi ALpha; Mrs. Iola Rowan, representing the National Association of Colored women; Mrs. Florence L. Thoms of the College Alumnae Association of Women and attorneys David Rein and Mrs. Margaret A. Haywood. [*1952*] Dr. Mary Church Terrell in "Finest Hour' A GRAND LADY IS HONORED-Hundreds crowded around Mrs. Mary Church Terrell to shake her hand following a testimonial dinner in her honor Saturday at the Washington Hotel. Top left shows her standing on the dais with Atty. Margaret Haywood Hawthorne, left, and Mrs. Eloise Smith, at right. Top right: Mrs. Terrell looks at her eighty-ninth birthday gift, a set of air luggage. With her are Mrs. Anna Stein, Mrs. Clarence Swift and Verdie L. Robinson, chairman of the testimonial. Lower left: Tomlinson Todd, director of Americans All, congratulates Mrs. Mary Church Terrell on her eighty- ninth birthday, following a broadcast on his Sunday series. Lower right: Dr. Mordecia W. Johnson, president of Howard University, pins a corsage on Mrs. Mary Church Terrell at the testimonial luncheon in her honor- Saturday at the Washington Hotel. __________ 89th Birthday Is Celebrated In Grand Style Eighty-nine years old she sat there, a quiet gracious figure in a turquoise dress topped by an orchid corsage, as encomium after encomium hailed her as a "powerful force for good all over the world and a woman who has awakened the conscience of America to the need for a democratic nation's capital." That was the scene at the Washington Hotel here Saturday as Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson praised the "beautiful life of Mary Church Terrell," at the testimonial luncheon honoring her eighty-ninth birthday and predicted that her fight to banish restuarant jim crow in the nation's capital will be upheld by the United States Supreme Court. A GRAND LADY IS HONORED- Hundreds crowded around Mrs. Mary Church Terrell to shake her hand following a testimonial dinner in her honor Saturday at the Washington Hotel. Top left shows her standing on the dais with Atty. Margaret Haywood Hawthorne, left, and Mrs. Eloise Smith, at right. Top right: Mrs. Terrell looks at her eighty-ninth birthday gift, a set of air luggage. With her are Mrs. Anna Stein, Mrs. Clarence Swift and Verdie L. Robinson, chairman of the testimonial . Lower left: Tomlinson Todd, director of Americans all, congratulates Mrs. Mary Church Terrell on her eighty- ninth birthday, following a broadcast on his Sunday series. Lower right: Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson president of Howard University, pins a corsage on Mrs. Mary Church Terrell at the testimonial luncheon in her honor Saturday at the Washington Hotel. 89TH Birthday Is Celebrated In Grand Style Eighty-nine years old she sat there, a quiet gracious figure in a turquoise dress topped by an orchid corsage, as encomium after encomium hailed her as a "powerful force for good all over the world and a woman who has awakened the conscience of America to the need for a democratic Nation's capital." That was the scene at the Washington hotel here Saturday as Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson praised the "beautiful life of Mary Church Terrell," at the testimonial luncheon honoring her eighty ninth birthday and predicted that her fight to banish restaurant jim crow in the nation's capital will be upheld by the United States Supreme Court. A gathering of more than 500 persons- which would have been larger by at least 100 had the hotel been able to accommodate the,"- expressed its tribute in hushed silence or in explosions of applause as the Howard university president described Mrs. Terrell as "greater at eighty-nine years than she was even years ago." He attributed this even greater emergence of the celebrated leader, author, educator and lecturer, to her fight against restaurant discrimination and leveled blasts at that system which discriminates, segregates and humiliates a person like Mary church Terrell. "Into cafes, restaurants and hotels she has been going, offering herself to be segregated, discriminated against and humiliated by this cruel and ugly institution we call segregation. "And her very presence there has been robbed the evil system of every moral justification and has awakened the conscience of America to say as she has said, "It shall not be." Dr. Johnson praised the work of the coordinating Committee for the enforcement of D.C Antidiscrimination laws which Mrs. Terrell heads and which sponsored the testimonial along with other groups, as a "fine group." When she has gone into these places, she has taken along a fine group with her. And they have persuaded more than fifty restaurants and cafes without violence to end discrimination he said. Predicting a supreme court decision, banishing racial discrimination in eating establishments here on the basis of the Thompson Restaurant Case brought by Mrs. Terrell and two others, and now pending a decision in the United States court of Appeals, Dr. Johnson said "it will happen." We hope that it takes place before your next birthday. But it is going to take place. The supreme court is going to say, "The existence of discrimination against persons because of color ought never to have existed in the first place and from now on shall not be," Dr. Johnson declared. A gift of a luggage set from the committee and friends was presented to the honoree by her "old friend and Oberlin college classmate" Mrs. Clarence Swift, who sponsored Mrs. Terrell's membership in the American Association of the University women which led to that groups ban against discrimination. Getting the third largest round of applause, following Mrs. Terrell and Dr. Johnson in that order, was Mrs. Annie Stein, executive secretary of the Coordinating Committee Is Celebrated In Grand Style Eighty-nine years old she sat there, a quiet gracious figure in turquoise dress topped by an orchid corsage, as encomium hailed her as a "powerful force for good all over the world and a woman who has awakened the conscience of America to the need for a democratic nation's capital." That was the scene at the Washington Hotel here Saturday as Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson praised the "beautiful life of Mary Church Terrell," at the testimonial luncheon honoring her eighty-ninth birthday and predicted that her fight to banish restaurant jim crow in the nation's captial will be upheld by the United States Supreme Court. A GATHERING of more than 500 persons - which would have been larger by at "least 100 had the hotel been able to accommodate them" - expressed its tribute in hushed silence or in explosions of applause, as the Howard University president described Mrs. Terrell as "greater at eighty-nine years than she was even years ago." He attributed this even greater emergence of the celebrated leader, author, educator and lecturer, to her fight against restaurant discrimination and leveled blasts at that system which discriminates, segregates and humiliates a "person like Mary Church Terrell. "Into cafes, restaurants and hotels she has been going, offering herself to be segregated, discriminated against and humiliated by this cruel and ugly institution we call segregation. "And her very presence there has robbed the evil system of every moral justification and has awakened the conscience of America to say as she has said, 'It shall not be'." Dr. Johnson praised the work of the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws which Mrs. Terrell heads and which sponsored the testimonial along with other groups, as a "fine group." "When she has gone into these places, she has taken along a fine group with her. And they have persuaded more than fifty restaurants and cafes, without violence, to end discrimination," he said. PREDICTING a Supreme Court decision, banishing racial discrimination in eating establishments here on the basis of the Thompson Restaurant case brought by Mrs. Terrell and two others, and now pending a decision in the United States Court of Appeals, Dr. Johnson said "it will happen." "We hope that it takes place before your next birthday. But it is going to take place. The Supreme Court is going to say, "The existence of discrimination against persons because of color ought never to have existed in the first place and from now on shall not be," Dr. Johnson declared. A gift of luggage set from the committee and friends was presented to the honoree by her "old friend and Oberlin college classmate," Mrs. Clarence Swift, who sponsored Mrs. Terrell's membership in the American Association of the University Women which led to that group's ban against discrimination. Getting the third largest round of applause following Mrs. Terrell and Dr. Johnson, in that order, was Mrs. Annie Stein, executive secretary of the Coordinating Committee. Mrs. Terrill interrupted the introduction of Mrs. Stein to say, "She" Trustees Named For New Mary Church Terrell Fund BY ALICE DUNNIGAN WASHINGTON– (ANP) – Six Trustees have been named by the Committee for establishing the Mary Church Terrell Fund, to administer a new fund to be launched on October 10, at the 90th birthday celebration for Mrs. Terrell. The fund will be used to abolish segregation and discrimination in the District of Columbia. The trustees who will be responsible for the expenditures of this fund will be headed by Mrs. Terrell, herself. Others are Dr. Charles Johnson, president of the Fisk University; Atty. James Nabrit, secretary of Howard University; the Rev. A. F. Elmes, pastor of Peoples Congregational Church; Dr. F. D. Patterson of the Phelps-Stokes Fund; and Mrs. Luke I. Wilson. Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People will deliver the main address at the luncheon celebration to be held at the Statler hotel. Judge William Hastie of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, former dean of the Howard University law school, and former governor of the Virgin Islands, will also participate on the program. A number of vocal selections will be given by Madam Lillian Evanti, internationally known opera soprano. NUMBER OF FIRSTS More than 1,000 persons are expected to attend the celebration of the birthday of this great lady who has achieved a national reputation as an educator and a civic leader. Her long career has been marked by a number of firsts, including the first two women and the first colored woman to be appointed to the D. C. school board. She was one of the organizers of the National Association of Colored Women to graduate from Oberlin College and the first to be admitted to the American Association of University (Continued of Page 4 Column 7) Trustees Wanted (Continued From Page One) Women. Mrs. Terrell figured in the news recently as one of the original complaintants in the Thompson Restaurant case. It was this case that the Supreme Court ruled that all District eating-places had to serve everyone without discrimination. As chairman of the Coordinating Committee for the Eenforcement of the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws, Mrs. Terrell helped rally public opinion in support of the "lost" law that the Supreme Court declared valid. She is presently leading her group in a campaign to end discrimination in those movie houses in Washington that still discriminate. [*Sept 23, 1951*] The Washington Post Registered in U. S. Patent office An Independent Newspaper Gracious Lady A great man Washingtonians will join today in affection and respect to honor Mary Church Terrell on her eighty-eighth birthday. She has been–and happily, remains today–a doughty fighter for human freedom and human equality. Hers has been a long record of conquest–conquest over prejudice, over outmoded custom and over the hearts of all who came to know her. Washington has been enriched by her presence here. Mrs. Terrell, after her graduation from Oberlin College in 1884, was one of the early workers for woman suffrage. Washington women succeeded, in 1894, in winning appointment for the first time for two members of their sex to the Board of Education. Mrs. Terrell was one of them and served the board for 11 years. She helped to organize the National Association of Colored Women and was its first president. She became a charter member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and was the first president of its District of Columbia branch. And just to show that the passage of years had not dulled her devotion to the cause of equal justice, she served last year as one of those who brought a test case to determine the validity of the District's 1872 and 1873 civil rights statutes. Great progress has been made in the causes for which Mary Church Terrell has fought for 60 years or more. She has been a part of that progress, contributing to it in immeasurable degree by her own dedication, by the warmth and force of her personality, by the example of her rich and busy life. We join heartily in tribute to one of the truly great and beloved women of this community. March 10, 1951 The Washington Afro-American. March 10 1951 Eight Citizens Cited for Community Service Citizens who were cited for outstanding community service by the Iota Phi Lambda Sorority Sunday in Washington at the YMCA Annex. From left to right, making the presentation to Mrs. Earl L. Harrison are Mrs. Mary H. Jenkins, Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Marion E. Jackson, Col. Campbell C. Johnson, Mrs. Ruth Spencer, Judge Armond W. Scott, Mrs. Inabel Lindsay, and Officer Oliver A. Cowan. Seated are Mrs. Ethel K. Greene, head of the sorority and Mrs. Mary Church Terrell. ment, or garage is littered with surplus stuff, and that you'll given 'em a dish, a knife and fork, or even 1 hat washing machine you no longer need. [*Afro-American June-10-1950*] And coming this Sunday at 4 is that mammoth, can't-miss Parade of Stars, to benefit the United Negro College Fund! It's under the sponsorship of the Inter-Alumni Council, Czerny Lindsey, president, Pearlie Cox, chairman. A dozen or more alumni associations are working individually ( furiously too) to win the beautiful trophy offered by Robert G. McGuire Jr. who is co-chairman of the 1950 United Negro College Fund Campaign. Sponsorship the whole big Washington UNCF Drive, and pleased indeed at the thought of Sunday's Parade of Stars, are the following: Mesdames Mary McLeod Bethune, Francis Biddle, Frederick H. Brooke, Theodore Dominick, Waldron Faulkner, John H. Ferguson, Felix Frankfurter, Charles C. Glover Jr., J. Borden Harriman; Maceo Hubbard, Cazenove Lee, Eugene Meyer, Mary Church Terrell, Theodore Wedel, Cornelius V. Whitney; Miss Anna Lord Strauss; Honorable Oscar Chap- (Continued on Page 11) [?] Afro-American Citizens Honor Oct.9.1952 Mary C. Terrell 500 At Birthday Fete; 100 Turned Away Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, who has led the fight against lunch counter bias in Washington, was honored on her 89th birthday Saturday at a luncheon which 500 attended. About 100 persons were turned away from the affair given by the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws. Dr. Mordecai Johnson, Howard University president was the guest speaker. Some 365 persons acted as paid sponsors of the luncheon. Mrs. Terrell, whose slight figure on picket lines has help win many victories, was taken back to her school days at Oberlin College by a talk by a former classmate, Mrs. Clarence F. Swift of NYC. Speakers Table Around the speaker's table were Mrs. Annie Stein, secretary of the coordinating committee, David Ryan, Miss Peggy Heywood, the Rev. W. H. Jernagin, the Rev. A. F. Elmes and Mrs. Johnson. Airplane luggage was presented to Mrs. Terrell during the luncheon. Committee luncheon chairmen were Mesdames Verdi L. Robinson, Hasel D. Jones, and Arline D. Hays. Among those honoring this veteran fighter were the Revs. and Mesdames L. Maynard Catchings, L.T. Hughes, J. F. Whitfield, Hobart H. Pearson, Robert W. Brooks; the Revs. George O. Bullock, C. T. Murray, W.L. Turley; Doctors and Mesdames W. Henry Greene, Joseph L. Johnson, T. Edwards Jones, John F. Perry, Stewart Randall, Charles W. Wade, A.J. Blackburn, H. A. Callis, W. Montague Cobb, William T. Grady; Mesdames Artie Bell, Virginia Bradshaw, Helen W. Harris, M. Lenore Drew, Olive L. English, (Continued on Page 3) Marie Funches, Virginia R. McGuire, Catherine H. Norwood, Grace S. Yaukey, Charles H. Thompson, Julia West Hamilton; Messrs. and Mesdames Curtis P. Mitchell, Hubert Pair, Belford Lawson and Armond W. Scott. Globetrotter's Sister Dies Sand Springs, Okla.--( ANP)-- Mrs. Ceil Haynes of Albert, sister of Marques Haynes of the Harlem Globetrotters basketball team, died at her home last week after several months of illness. [*Courier 10/6/51*] PURSUIT OF DEMOCRACY Mary Church Terrell Stands as a Tower Among Nation's Women By MARJORIE McKENZIE (The views expressed in this column are those of the writer and do not necessarily express the editorial opinion of the Courier. -- The Editors.) THE WONDERFUL thing about Mary Church Terrell is that she is so contemporary. She is at eighty-eight as tough in spirit, as young in heart, as avant garde in mind as any twenty-year-old fellow picket. Her long life has been fruitful and continues now to be creative because she learned early how to think new thoughts and how to change and grow. In eulogizing Mrs. Terrell at her recent birthday celebration, President Mordecai Johnson of Howard University said that she had endured, at this venerable age, the humiliation of serving as a complainant in the test case on the District of Columia's dormant anti-segregation statute. Miss McKenzie But it is doubtful that anyone with Mary Church Terrell's fierce self-respect has ever been humiliated in her life. Indignant, yes; and ready for action, always, but never humiliated. * * * IT IS a remarkable thing to be a remarkable woman for seventy years. Over so long a span the definition changes so much. To have an infallible instinct for being the person who does a necessary something first reflects not mere ability and courage, but an attitude, a point of view concerning what is important between man and man and man and the community. A career full of firsts is no accident, nor, with Mrs. Terrell, is it an expression of personal ambition for her firsts have been in the service of others. Nothing she has done seems to have been done for money or power, but genuinely and simply to improve the condition of women and children and of minority people. There is one thing that Mrs. Terrell has been able to do for herself that American and most liberals have not been able to do, and that is to solve the problem of the most popular front. * * * SHE HAS said to me that everyone who fights for justice for colored people these days is likely to be called a Communist, so she doesn't let it bother her or deter her from welcoming support for her causes. She goes right on fighting for first-class citizenship, calmly working with people and ignoring the danger, if any there be. She is now mentally as free about the dynamics of security and freedom as the rest of us will be a decade from now if all goes well. Mrs. Terrell is likely to turn up at anything from a fancy dinner to a mass meeting and dead certain to be at all the small, hard-working committee meetings in between. there isn't a more active woman in Washington. For listening to speeches, she wears a hearing aid, but for private conversation she puts it in her pocketbook. This means that one has to raise one's voice in talking with her. This also means that one takes care never to say foolish things to her. It is so silly to be irrelevant at the top of one's voice. Perhaps, Mrs. Terrell's sanity and serenity bear some relationship to the careful editing of the speech around her. * * * IT IS a matter to cause us great shame that, after half a century and more of leadership, Mrs. Terrell still leads younger women in ideas and action. She had caught the vision of one world before we heard of it, before many of us were even born. In 1904, as a delegate to the International Congress of Women in Berlin, she delivered an address in German. That was a fabulous thing for a colored woman to be doing in 1904. There are scores of colored women who can lecture in German today, but somehow one doesn't hear about them or know their names or where it is exactly that they lecture. Instead one hears about Mary Church Terrell fighting for democracy at democracy's fountainhead, not caring who joins the fight and getting away with being intrepid. * * * WE SPOKE, the other day, about the Sojourner Truth delegation of Negro women, scheduled to descend on Washington this week. Mrs. Terrell said that she had noticed most of the women who issued the call are from New York, that she thought they had a splendid idea, but she wondered why they had not cleared with other organizations and efforts. We would make progress so much faster, she thought, if we would have but one objective at a time and work together on it. To join with others, to work for an objective on which she will not compromise--this has been Mary Church Terrell's life. Her intransigeancy on the issue of jim crow is a sentiment older and firmer and more lived by than that of almost any Negro leader you could name. And Mrs. Terrell will be, herself, always the young and shining spirit of freedom until the very day it comes to pass. [*Pittsburgh Courier Oct 18, 52*] Civic Ass'n Honors Five Nearly two hundred people attending the first annual dinner of the LeDroit Park Civic Association, held at the Dunbar Hotel here Saturday night, heard three distinguished community leaders urge greater participation by local citizens in their area associations and District affairs. The speakers were Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, D. C. Recorder of Deeds John B. Duncan, Woolsey W. Hall, member of the Commissioners' Advisory Council, and Col. West A. Hamilton, Board of Education member. The occasion was dedicated to the memory of the late Rev. Daniel E. Wiseman, who was founder of the association and also founder of the Lutheran Church of Our Redeemer. Dr. Wiseman launched the organization under the name of the Howard Park Civic Association, and was its president for thirty-two years. Mrs. Marie W. Perry, his daughter, was presented a plaque commemorating his contribution. Other members of his family and a delegation from the church, headed by the Rev. James H. Somersville, were present to witness the presentation. * * * ALSO HONORED at the dinner and presented certificates of merit were Thomas Frazier, cited for forty years of service to the association; Jeffery L. Lowe for reactivating the organization and effective leadership; Miss Edith A. Matthews for outstanding work as an educator, and Robert L. Taylor for outstanding newspaper work. Music was contributed by J. Raymond Smith, Mrs. Doris Lowe and the hostesses' group, which included Carole W. Conrad, Rosa M. Davis, L. Gertrude Smith, Phalba J. Pitts and Essie C. Tunsall. Mrs. Ida Smith Taylor was chairman of the dinner committee. Presiding was Atty. Walter E. Washington, who was installed as the new president. The Washington Post Registered in U.S. Patent Office An Independent Newspaper Published every day in the year by The Washington Post Company EUGENE MEYER, Chairman of the Board PHILIP L. GRAHAM, President and Publisher HERBERT ELLISTON Editor JAMES RUSSELL WIGGINS Managing Editor CHARLES C. BOYSEN Secretary JOHN H. SWEETERMAN Business Manager DONALD M. BERNARD Advertising Director The Associated Press is entitled exclusively to use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and local news of spontaneous origin published herein. Rights of republication of all other matter herein are also reserved. 1515 L Street N.W., Washington 5, D.C. Telephone NAtional 4200 Office of National Advertising Representatives New York 60 East 42nd Street (17) Chicago 333 North Michigan Avenue Philadelphia 1400 South Penn Square Detroit 1630 Guardian Building Atlanta 22 Marietta Street CARRIER DELIVERY District of Columbia and Suburbs Daily and Sunday One week $.40 One month 1.75 Sunday Only One week $.10 One month .45 Daily Only One week $.30 One month 1.30 Elsewhere Daily and Sunday One week $.40 One month 1.75 Sunday Only One week $.15 One month .65 Daily Only One week $.30 One month 1.30 BY MAIL - PAYABLE IN ADVANCE Daily and Sunday One year $21.00 Six months 10.50 Three months 5.25 One month 1.75 Sunday Only One year $7.80 Six months 3.90 Three months 1.95 One month .65 Daily Only One year $15.60 Six months 7.80 Three months 3.90 One month 1.30 Rates to Foreign Countries will be furnished upon request Entered at the Postoffice, Washington, D.C., as second-class mail matter 4B Sunday, Sept. 23, 1951 Decontrol of Prices With wholesale prices declining in recent months and various articles, such as clothing, household furnishings and many foods, selling below ceiling levels, some price control officials are said to favor exemption from controls of these items. It is to be hoped that the decontrol movement will not gain headway, for price controls that now seem superfluous will be needed later on if predictions of accelerated inflation come true. Meantime the OPS will have time to work out control patterns and industry regulations that can be promptly applied when and if prices begin to rise. And they doubtless will, as consumer incomes increase and more of total national production is diverted to war and defense purposes. Moreover, abolition of controls would have a demoralizing effect on the public. Even price controls not needed at the moment set a limit to the extent of price increases and allay consumer fears of uncontrolled inflation. Uncertainty about the future course of prices was, in fact, responsible for a good deal of the recent scare buying that helped to boost prices. There is also great danger that if any large number of industries manufacturing goods for mass consumption were exempted from price controls their employes would demand exemption from wage controls. That would set off another wage-price spiral that would spread to other industries and might spell finis for the entire wage-price control program. Athletes' Feet The statement by the faculty of the venerable College of William and Mary seems a full confirmation of Senator Fulbright's assertion that intercollegiate athletics have become an evil influence in American life. The corruption engendered by them affects not merely the athletics themselves, and the undergraduate body in general, but the college administrations. At William and Mary, as the investigation showed, the transcripts of certain athletic stars were falsified in order to qualify them for admission, and on their college records they were given credits for courses that were never taken and for classwork that was never performed. This state of affairs could not have persisted for years without either conscious indulgence or willful blindness by the college authorities. And yet, as almost everyone knows, what had been happening at William and Mary was hardly different from what has been happening in dozens, possibly hundreds, of other institutions throughout the country. An explanation is not hard to find. Many of the smaller and poorly endowed colleges are having a difficult struggle for survival; all have difficulty in raising money for academic improvements. It is, however, relatively easy to raise money for elab Thus, it is hard to see any way out of the problem besides the one suggested by Senator Fulbright. NATO If the Ottawa meeting of the North Atlantic Council leads to a tightening of political ties among its members, as is suggested by the parting communique, that may well give it greater significance than can now be claimed for it. The member countries in this grand alliance are still going it alone in broad areas of foreign policy, with consequent impairment of their joint defense efforts. It is axiomatic that if our joint defense policy is to succeed in the long run, it must be supported by a joint policy governing the relations of the allied powers to the rest of the world. Think of some of the political questions that arise in the light of the increasing closeness of the military bond. Who is to decide when the armed forces shall go into action? How are the Allies to be kept pulling together in situations that may not require military force? It has been possible to begin building up an international military power in advance of political agencies to hammer out a common foreign policy only because of the great threat hanging over the Atlantic community. Now the international military power seems about to become supranational. Clearly a commensurable political organization must quickly follow if the alliance is to avoid unnecessary stresses and strains within and dangerous pressures from without. Take, to start with, our own foreign policy. The United States has given its Allies a great deal of concern by committing itself to policies that have not been agreed upon or even discussed around the council table. The example of orderly procedure in the Japan treaty was exceptional. Our premature plumping for the rearmament of Germany and for the admittance of Greece and Turkey into the North Atlantic Alliance before those proposals had been explored with our Allies was disquieting. More serious was the lone-handed American flirtation with Generalissimo Franco. Similarly there was the British do-nothingness about Iran till the situation had gotten to the crisis stage. All indications had shown the need for adjustment and there had been much American prodding of the British on a problem that is vital to the common interest. On questions of such concern to the whole Atlantic community, surely there ought to be not British or American or French policies, but unified and comprehensive NATO policies. The North Atlantic Council has not yet proved equal to this task. In recognition of its weakness, Paul van Zeeland, the Belgian Foreign Minister, proposed at Ottawa an "international cabinet" with representatives of the NATO countries - presumably to deal with matters in Europe, the Middle East and the Far East. The French had the same project in mind when they went to Ottawa. And so the Council set up a ministerial committee (with a three-man executive bureau) to study the idea and make recommendations on it. The committee will not only consider political integration but will also draw up what Rene Mayer calls a mobilization balance sheet. The important thing, as we see it, is the gradual transfer of decision over particular areas of foreign relations and defense to a representative NATO body. Especially is this need for political evolution in NATO apparent in respect of the Middle East, as, for example, in the case of the Suez Canal, where the British are locked in controversy with the Egyptians in a matter which is of vast importance to the entire world, let alone the Atlantic community. If the 12 powers ratify the Ottawa decision to include Greece and Turkey in the alliance, the demand for new control agencies will be further accentuated. The Atlantic community has showed some signs of getting together, but since the conference was inconclusive in this respect, the peoples must still rely upon continuous application of the Eisenhower spur. Television And News We hate to admit it, but we think that those who watched the doings at the San Francisco peace-treaty conference by means of the new inter-coastal television transmissions got a much better notion of what went and news comment had become only two of the many departments that have given the modern newspaper the characteristics of a daily magazine; what with comic strips, household pages, and the daily lectures about etiquette, marital relations, health, diet, business success, psychological happiness and so on. What interests us most at this point, however, are the possible political consequences of this new method of conducting high affairs of state in the presence, as it were, of tens of millions of witnesses. Will an entirely new type of statesman emerge as the result of it? Will "a good television appearance" now become as important as an asset in political life as a "good radio voice" became in the late 1920s? There are some who think that if there had been no radio in 1932, Franklin Roosevelt might never have become President and the history of the world might have been different. Similarly, there are some who say that the applause being showered up on Secretary Acheson by Senator Knowland and others for his conduct of the San Francisco Conference is in some measure owing to his excellent figure and to his admirable presence. Anyway, the television is permitting us a far more intimate inspection of our public men than has ever before been possible. What we see of them is very much what they see themselves when they look into their shaving mirrors in the morning. The trouble is that cameras, like other machines, have a way of imposing their own irrelevant values on civilization. It is quite possible that there is somewhere in these United States some snub-nosed, flat-chested, spindly legged girl who is a far better dramatic actress than, say, Miss Betty Grable, but we should suppose her chances of getting a Hollywood contract to be virtually nil. Similarly, it is possible that a short, bald fellow with several chins, a squeaky voice might be a much abler hand at statecraft than another fellow who might resemble Mr. Tyrone Power or the youthful Francis X. Bushman, but he might have a harder time persuading a television audience of it. Good looks, of course, have always an advantage in almost any field - except professional wrestling and perhaps detective work, where they tend to attract too much attention; but if television is to take over the whole job of reporting, good looks are likely to become all important. Buy Bonds! The refusal of a skeptical public to heed warnings of higher prices in the offing is due chiefly to the fact that defense spending got off to a slow start. Hence the output of civilian goods continued to rise and, with the subsidence of scare buying, it turned out that more goods had been produced in some cases than could be sold at current prices. Hence swollen inventories and cuts in prices. But what about the future course of prices? Consumer incomes are rising and higher taxes will have little effect on them this year. At the same time supplies of durable consumer goods that absorb scarce materials are declining. Further severe cuts in allocations of steel, copper and aluminum have been ordered recently by the National Production Authority. In face of a reduction in supplies of civilian goods and an increase in consumer spendable income, inflation is inevitable unless the public resolves to save more and spend less. The people can help to fight inflation, therefore, by diverting a larger than usual proportion of larger incomes to purchases of defense bonds. These bonds are not only one of the easiest and most certain ways to save, but purchases also arrest the decline in the value of the dollar, thereby helping to protect past and future savings from the devastating effect of inflation. Gracious Lady A great many Washingtonians will join today in affection and respect to honor Mary Church Terrell on her eighty-eighth birthday. She has been - and, happily, remains today - a Doughty fighter for human freedom and human equality. Hers has been a long record of conquest - conquest over prejudice, over outmoded custom and over the hearts of all who came to know her. Washington has been enriched by her presence here. Mrs. Terrell, after her graduation from Oberlin College in 1884, was one of the early workers for woman suffrage. Washington 4B Sunday,Sept. 23, 1951 —————————————— Decontrol of Prices With wholesale prices declining in recent months and various articles, such as clothing, household furnishings and many foods, selling below ceiling levels, some price control officials are said to favor exemption from controls of these items. It is to be hoped that the decontrol movement will not seem superfluous will be needed later on if predictions of accelerated inflation come true. Meantime the OPS will have time to work out control patterns and industry regulations that can be promptly applied when and if prices begin to rise. And they doubtless will, as consumer incomes increase and more of total national production is diverted to war and defense purposes. Moreover, abolition of controls would have a demoralizing effect on the public. Even price controls not needed at the moment set a limit to the extent of price increases and allay consumer fears of uncontrolled inflation. Uncertainty about the future course of prices was, in fact, responsible for a good deal of the recent scare buying that helped to boost prices. There is also great danger that if any large number of industries manufacturing goods for mass consumption were exempted from price controls their employees would demand exemption from wage controls. That would set off another wage-price spiral that would spread to other industries and might spell finis for the entire wage-price control program. Athletes' Feet The statement by the faculty of the venerable College of William and Mary seems a full confirmation of Senator Fulbright's assertion that intercollegiate athletics have become an evil influence in American life. The corruption engendered by them affects not merely the athletes themselves, and the undergraduate body in general, but the college administrations. At William and Mary, as the investigation showed, the transcripts of certain athletic stars were falsified in order to qualify them for admission, and on their college records they were given credits for courses that were never taken and for classwork that was never performed. This state of affairs could not have persisted for years without either conscious indulgence or willful blindness by the college authorities. And yet, as almost everyone knows, what had been happening at William and Mary was hardly different from what has been happening in dozens, possibly hundreds, of other institutions throughout the country. An explanation is not hard to find. Many of the smaller and poorly endowed colleges are having a difficult struggle for survival; all have difficulty in raising money for academic improvements. It is, however, relatively easy to raise money for an elaborate sports program, calculated to create popular prestige for the institution and vicarious glory for the undergraduates and alumni. Thus, the building of a championship football or basketball team, expensive as it is, often proves a profitable investment. It would be more agreeable, to be sure, if such teams could be recruited exclusively among youths of superior intellectual endowment and high scholastic attainments. But few college administrators are naive enough to support that this is feasible—or, if they are, they are quickly disabused of such notions by the athletic directors and coaches; for it is apparently only at West Point that the illusion persists that it is somehow still possible to make the best of both worlds at once. In these circumstances, then, it was inevitable that the competition for athletes should grow steadily keener and that academic standards should be progressively relaxed for their benefit. Thus, as long as the publicity given to intercollegiate sport continues, and as long as scores of thousands of paying customers can be attracted to the games, the temptation will remain for the college administrators to make friends of the mammon of unrighteousness, especially when to resist him means to invite the hostility of the powerful alumni associations and in many cases of the trustees as well. At William and Mary, for example, the board of visitors has been demanding athletic teams able "to win more games than they lose." [next column] [continued from another page] because of the great threat hanging over the Atlantic community. Now the international military power seems about to become supranational. Clearly a commensurable political organization must quickly follow if the alliance is to avoid unnecessary stresses and strains within and dangerous pressures from without. Take, to start with, our own foreign policy. The United States has given its Allies a great deal of concern by committing itself to policies that have not been agreed upon or even discussed around the council table. The example of orderly procedure in the Japan treaty was exception. Our premature plumping for the rearmament of Germany and for the admittance of Greece and Turkey into the North Atlantic Alliance before those proposals had been explored with our Allies was disquieting. More serious was the lone-handed American flirtation with Generalissimo Franco. Similarly there was the British do-nothingness about Iran till the situation had gotten to the crisis stage. All indications had shown the need for adjustment and there had been much American prodding of the British on a problem that is vital to the common interest. On questions of such concern to the whole Atlantic community, surely there ought to be not British or American or French policies, but unified and comprehensive NATO policies. The Nato Atlantic Council has not yet proved equal to this task. In recognition of its weakness, Paul van Zeeland, the Belgian Foreign Minister, proposed at Ottawa an "international cabinet" with representatives of the NATO countries—presumably to deal with matters in Europe, the Middle East and the Far East. The French had the same project in mind when they went to Ottawa. And so the Council set up a ministerial committee (with a three-man executive bureau) to study the idea and make recommendations on it. The committee will not only consider political integration but will also draw up with Rene Mayer calls a mobilization balance sheet. The important thing, as we see it, is the gradual transfer of decision over particular areas of foreign relations and defense to a representative NATO body. Especially in this need for political evolution in NATO apparent in respect of the Middle East, as, for example, in the case of the Suez Canal, where the British are locked in controversy with the Egyptians in a matter which is of vast importance to the entire world, let alone the Atlantic community. If the 12 powers ratify the Ottawa decision to include Greece and Turkey in the alliance, the demand for new control agencies will be further accentuated. The Atlantic community has showed some signs of getting together, but since the conference was inconclusive in this respect, the peoples must still rely upon continuous application of the Eisenhower spur. Television And News We hate to admit it, but we think that those who watched the doings at the San Francisco peace-treaty conference by means of the new inter-coastal television transmissions got a much better notion of what went on there than those who trusted to the newspaper reports. Indeed, many of the newspaper correspondents assigned to the conference found it more convenient and satisfactory to stay in their hotels watching the television screens than to be present in the flesh at the sessions of the conference. In other words, the reporter whose travel expenses across the continent were paid by his publisher saw and heard only what was seen and heard by the householder back home sitting in his favorite rocker in his own living room. Thanks to the telephone company's wonderful new coaxial cable and microwave relay system, it will now be possible to televise for the benefit of the whole country any important public event occurring anywhere on the continent. In short, the press box and the reporter's gallery have become anachronisms; or at any rate the right to a place in them is no longer any special advantage. Perhaps, then, the art of reporting, in the traditional sense of the word, is destined to disappear. That is to say, the newspapers and news services may soon have to concern themselves almost exclusively with the why of things, leaving the business of who, what, when, where to the cameras. Even before the advent of television, the old-fashioned distinction between "objective," or purely factual, and "interpretive" reporting was becoming a bit blurred; a greater proportion of newspaper space was being given over to that special mixture of news and opinion purveyed by the syndicated columnists. Not only that, but both news [????] themselves when they look into their shaving mirrors in the morning. The trouble is that cameras, like other machines, have a way of imposing their own irrelevant values on civilization. It is quite possible that there is somewhere in these United States some snub-nosed, flat-chested, spindly legged girl who is a far better dramatic actress than, say, Miss Betty Grable, but we should suppose her chances of getting a Hollywood contract to be virtually nil. Similarly, it is possible that a short, bald fellow with several chins, a squeaky voice might be a much abler hand at statecraft than another fellow who might resemble Mr. Tyrone Power or the youthful Francis X. Bushman, but he might have a harder time persuading a television audience of it. Good looks, of course, have always an advantage in almost any field—except professional wrestling and perhaps detective work, where they tend to attract too much attention; but if television is to take over the whole job of reporting, good looks are likely to become all important. Buy Bonds! The refusal of a skeptical public to heed warnings of higher prices in the offing is due chiefly to the fact that defense spending got off to a slow start. Hence the output of civilian goods continued to rise and, with the subsidence of scare buying, it turned out that more goods had been produced in some cases than could be sold at current prices. Hence swollen inventories and cuts in prices. But what about the future course of prices? Consumer incomes are rising and higher taxes will have little effect on them this year. At the same time supplies of durable consumer goods that absorb scarce materials are declining. Further severe cuts in allocations of steel, cooper and aluminum have been ordered recently by the National Production Authority. In face of a reduction in supplies of civilian goods and in consumer spendable income, inflation is inevitable unless the public resolves to save more and spend less. The people can help to fight inflation, therefore, by diverting a larger than usual proportion of larger incomes to purchases of defense bonds. These bonds are not only one of the easiest and most certain ways to save, but purchases also arrest the decline in the value of the dollar, thereby helping to protect past and future savings from the devastating effect of inflation. Gracious Lady A great many Washingtonians will join today in affection and respect to honor Mary Church Terrell on her eighty-eighth birthday. She has been—and, happily, remains today—a doughty fighter for human freedom and human equality. Hers has been a long record of conquest—conquest over prejudice, over outmoded custom and over the hearts of all who came to know her. Washington has been enriched by her presence here. Mrs. Terrell, after her graduation from Oberlin College in 1884, was one of the early workers for woman suffrage. Washington women succeeded, in 1894, in winning appointment for the first time for two members of their sex to the Board of Education. Mrs. Terrell was one of them and served the board for 11 years. She helped to organize the National Association of Colored Women and was its first president. She became a charter member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and was the first president of its District of Columbia branch. And just to show that the passage of years had not dulled her devotion to the cause of equal justice, she served last year as one of those who brought a test case to determine the validity of the District's 1872 and 1873 civil rights statutes. Great progress has been made in the causes for which Mary Church Terrell has fought for 60 years or more. She has been a part of that progress, contributing to it in immeasurable degree by her own dedication, by the warmth and force of her personality, by the example of her rich and busy life. We join heartily in tribute to one of the truly great and beloved women of this community. ——————— "ABOUT, ABOUT . . . " About, about, in reel and rout The death-fires danced at night; The water, like a witch's oils, Burnt green, and blue, and white. SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE The Ancient Mariner would have a demoralizing effect on the public. Even price controls not needed at the moment set a limit to the extent of price increases and allay consumer fears of uncontrolled inflation. Uncertainty about the future course of prices was, in fact, responsible for a good deal of the recent scare buying that helped to boost prices. There is also great danger that if any large number of industries manufacturing goods for mass consumption were exempted from price controls their employees would demand exemption from wage controls. That would set off another wage-price spiral that would spread to other industries and might spell finis for the entire wage-price control program. Athletes' Feet The statement by the faculty of the venerable College of William and Mary seems a full confirmation of Senator Fulbright's assertion that intercollegiate athletics have become an evil influence in American life. The corruption engendered by them affects not merely the athletes themselves, and the undergraduate body in general, but he college administrations. At William and Mary, as the investigation showed, the transcripts of certain athletic stars were falsified in order to qualify them for admission, and on their college records they were given credits for courses that were never taken and for classwork that was never performed. The state of affairs could not have persisted for years without either conscious indulgence or willfl blindness by the college authorities. And yet, as almost everyone knows, what had been happening at William and Mary was hardly different from what has been happening in dozens, possibly hundreds, of other institutions throughout the country. An explanation is not hard to find. Many of the smaler and poorly endowed colleges are having a difficult struggle for survival; all have difficulty in raising money for academic improvements. It is, however, relatively easy to raise money for an elaborate sports program, calculated to create popular prestige for the institution and vicarious glory for th eundergraduates and alumni. Thus, the building of a championship football or basketball team, expensive as it is, often proves a profitable investment. It would be more agreeable, to be sure, if such teams could be recruited exclusively among youths of superior intellectual endowment and high scholastic attainments. But few college administrators are naive enough to suppose that this is feasible-- or, if they are, they are quickly disabused of such notions by the athletic directors and coaches; for it is apparently only at West Point that th eillusion persists that it is somehow still possible to make the best of both worlds at once. In htese circumstances, then, it was inevitable that the competition for athletes should grow steadily keener and that academic standards should be progressively relaxed for their benefit. Thus, as long as the publicity given to intercollegiate sport continues, and as long as scored of thousands of paying customers can be attracted to the games, the temptation will remain for the college administrators to make friends of the mammon of unrighteousness, especially when to resist him means to invite the hostility of the powerful alumni associations and in many cases of the trustees as well. At William and Mary, for example, the board of visitors has been demanding athletic teams able "to win more games than they lose." the need for adjustment and there had been much American prodding of the British on a problem that is vital to the common interest. On questions of such concern to the whole Atlantic community, surely there ought to be not British or American or French policies, but unified and comprehensive NATO policies. The North Atlantic Council has not yet proved equal to this task. In recognition of its weakness, Paul van Zeeland, the Belgian Foreign Minister, proposed at Ottawa an "international cabinet" with representatives of the NATO countries--presumably to deal with matters in Europe, the Middle East and the Far East. The French had the same project in mind when they went to Ottawa. And so the Council set up a ministerial committee (with a three-man executive bureau) to study the idea and make recommendations on it. The committee will not only consider political integration but will also draw up what Rene Mayer calls a mobilization balance sheet.. The important thing, as we see it, is the gradual transfer of decision over particular areas of foreign relations and defense to a representative NATO body. Especially is this need for political evolution in NATO apparent in respect of the Middle East, as, for example, in the case of the Suez Canal, where the British are locked in controversy with the Egyptians in a matter which is of vast importance to the entire world, let alone the Atlantic community. If the 12 powers ratify the Ottawa decision to include Greece and Turkey in the alliance, the demand for new control agencies will be further accentuated. The Atlantic community has showed some signs of getting together, but since the conference was inconclusive in this respect, the peoples must still rely upon continuous application of the Eisenhower spur. Television And News We hate to admit it, but we think that those who watched the doings at the San Frnacisco peace-treaty conference by means of the new inter-coastal television transmissions got a much better notion of what went on there than those who trusted to the newspaper reports. Indeed, many of the newspaper correspondents assigned to th conference found it more convenient and satisfactory to stay in their hotels watching the television screens than to be present in the flesh at the sessions of th conference. In other words, the reporter whose travel expenses across the continent were paid by his publisher saw and heard by the householder back home sitting in his favorite rocker in his own living room. Thanks to the telephone company's wonderful new coaxial cable and microwave relay system, it will now be possible to televise for the benefit of the whole country any important public event occurring anywhere on the continent. In short, the press box and the reporter's gallery have become anachronisms; or at any rate the right to a place in them is no longer any special advantage. Perhaps, then, the art of reporting, in the traditional sense of the word, is destined to disappear. That is to say, the newspapers and news services may soon have to concern themselves almost exclusively with the why of things, leaving the business of who, what, when, where to the cameras. Even before the advent of television, the old-fashioned distinction between "objective," or purely factual, and "interpretive" reporting was becoming a bit blurred; a greater proportion of newspaper space was being given over to that special mixture of news and opinion purveyed by the syndicated columnists. Not only that, but both news Buy Bonds! The refusal of a skeptical public to heed warnings of higher prices in the offing is due chiefly to the fact that defense spending got off to a slow start. Hence the output of civilian goods continued to rise and, with the subsidence of scarce buying, it turned out that more goods had been produced in some cases than could be sold at current prices. Hence swollen inventories and cuts in prices. But what about the future course of prices? Consumer incomes are rising and higher taxes will have little effect on them this year. At the same time supplies of durable consumer goods that absorb scarce materials are declining. Futher severe cuts in allocations of steel, copper and aluminum have been ordered recently by the National Production Authority. In face of a reduction in supplies of civilian goods and an increase in consumer spendable income, inflation is inevitable unless the public resolves to save more and spend less. The people can help to fight inflation, therefore, by diverting a larger than usual porportion of larger incomes to purchases also arrest the decline in the value of the dollar, thereby helping to protect past and future savings from the devastating effect of inflation. Gracious Lady A great many Washigntonians will join today in affection and respect to honor Mary Church Terrell on her eighty-eighth birthday. She has been--and, happily, remains today--a doughty fighter for human freedom and human equality. Hers has been a long record of conquest--conquest over prejudice, over outmoded custom and over the hearts of all who came to know her. Washington has been enriched by her presence here. Mrs. Terrell, after her graduation from Oberlin College in 1884, was one of the early workers for woman suffrage. Washington women succeeded, in 1894, in winning appointment for the first time for two members of their sex to the Board of Education. Mrs. Terrell was one of them and served the board for 11 years. She helped to organize the National Association of Colored Women and was its first president. She became a charter member of the National Association for the for the Advancement of Colored People and was the first president of its District of Columbia branch. And just to show that the passage of years had not dulled her devotion to the cause of equal justice, she served last year as one of those who brought a test case to determine the validity of the District's 1872 and 1873 civil rights statutes. Great progress has been made in the causes for which Mary Church Terrell has fought for 60 years or more. She has been a part of that progress, contributing to it in immeasurable degree by her own dedication, by the warmth and force of her personality, by the example of her rich and busy life. We join heartily in tribute to one of the truly great and beloved women of this community. "ABOUT, ABOUT..." About, about, in reel and rout The death-fires danced at night; The water, like a witch's oils, Burnt green, and blue, and white. SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE The Ancient mariner [*Post 10/5/52*] 'A Heroine' Tribute Paid Dr. Terrell, Crusader, 89 Dr. Mary Church Terrell, who has sparked integration campaigns in Washington for years, was honored yesterday at a birthday-testimonial dinner at the Washington Hotel. More than 500 citizens attended the affair at which Mrs. Terrell was described as "a heroine" and "glowing person." She celebrated her eighty-ninth birthday anniversary on September 23. In opening the doors to Negroes of more than 50 cafes, restaurants, and cafeterias in stores in Washington, Mrs. Terrell "had won a victory against an evil and cruel system of segregation," said Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson, president of Howard University. Mrs. Terrell, the widow of Municipal Court Judge Robert Terrell, credited the successful anti-discrimination campaign "to a host of friends." A resident of Washington more than 60 years, Mrs. Terrell graduated from Oberlin in 1884. An author, world traveler, and educator, she has devoted three years to the integration campaign. The dinner was sponsored by the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D. C. Anti-Discrimination Laws and other groups. The master of ceremonies was Dr. E. B. Henderson, superintendent of health and physical education of Negro public schools in the District. [*Times-Herald*] C.-- SUNDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1953 Mrs. Terrell Is Honored At Fund Drive Luncheon [Times-Herald Staff Photo' Mrs. Mary Church Terrell was honored with a luncheon at the Statler hotel Saturday as she celebrated her 90th birthday. Here she is shown with Federal Judge William H. Hastie (left) of Philadelphia, and Walter White, president of the National association for the Advancement of Colored People. More than 700 persons attended a luncheon at the Statler hotel Saturday honoring Mrs. Mary Church Terrell on her 90th birthday. Mrs. Terrell has been prominent in District affairs for more than 60 years. She was the first Negro woman to be appointed to the District school board. Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, paid tribute to Mrs. Terrell as a "great American... who has lived, breathed and fought valiantly for full equality for all human beings irrespective of race, creed, color, or national origin." The Rev. Arthur F. Elmes, minister of the People's Congregational church, officially launched the Mary Church Terrell fund, which will be used to fight discrimination and segregation in the District. [*The Washington Afro-American March 22, 1952*] Lincoln Temple Burns Mortgage . . . It is yours now, and you don't owe a cent on it." Thus spoke Dr. Robert W. Brooks, pastor of Lincoln Temple Congregational Church, to his members Wednesday night as flames consumed the first, second and third trusts during dramatic mortgage-burning ceremonies. Approximately 1,000 persons crowded the auditorium to witness the greatest triumph of the 71-year-old institution -- liquidation of an original $120,000 debt and the passing of a lighted torch by Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, second oldest member of the church, to Benjamin Berry Jr., youngest member. Mrs. Terrell Passes Torch Mrs. Terrell acted in place of Mrs. Laura Ross, oldest member, who was unable to be present. Mingled with humor and pathos, the story of Lincoln was unfolded from its inception in 1881 to the present. When the organization was formed by 10 members from First Congregational Church, Lincoln Mission, on the same site, a building erected by the Freedmen's Bureau, was used for services. Later, the church adopted the name and continued in the same building until 1928, when it was razed for the present structure. Organized in 1928 A deep desire for a new church, and car-in-every garage" optimism of 1928 led the membership into undertaking the huge financial step. That same optimism led William J. Flather Jr. to lend them $60,000 on the project. Then came the crash of '29. In his greetings to the church, Mr. Flather said: I am not offering congratulations just because you are off my 'hook,' but knowing the crucial moments experienced during the past 23 years, I feel that you sincerely deserve wholehearted praise." Mr. Flather said he does not "think" that he aged any faster because of the debt, but Dr. Brooks stated that there were times when it seemed that Mr. Flather would have a church on his hands. Now, with that danger past, the church can sit up and take inventory of itself. "One Of City's Best" An imposing, modern, fireproof building on the corner of 11th and R Sts., NW; worth far more today than the original cost of construction, Lincoln is truly one of the city's finest edifices. The seating capacity of the main auditorium is 1,200. The church school will seat 1,000. There are three departments and individual classrooms. In addition, there are a social service room, men's club room, ladies' parlor, dressing room and eavatory, a large pastor's study, business office, board room, kitchen and roof garden, where open-air services and socials are held during the summer. The church utility rooms house an interracial nursery, which operates five days a week, and a business school. It is only a matter of time before the demands of the church work will crowd out theses two enterprises. Mr. Carpenter Leads Groups For their share in raising funds and sticking in the time of need, 23 organizations led by the board of trustees, John T. G. Carpenter, chairman, were cited at the exercises. They are: Chairmen -- Ralph Beverly, senior deacon board; John Burton, junior board; Mrs. Margaret Scott, senior deaconesses board; Mrs. Carline B. Nichols, junior board; Mrs. Willie R. Frazier, Ladies Aid Society; Mrs. Lelia Thomas, Missionary Society. Mrs. Mary Evans, superintendent, Sunday school; J. William Cook, chief usher; Bernard L. Walton, minister of music; Mrs. Iola Escoffery, senior choir; George Walton, music committee; John Carpenter, Lincolnite Club, Inc.; Mrs. Mildred Duncan, Group No. 1; Organizations Mrs. Susie Smith, Group No. 2; J. William Cook, scout master; Dr. Leonard Johnson, membership secretary; Mrs. Viola Curtis, assistant; Mrs. Luella Stanton, Pilgrim Fellowship; Eugene Thomas, Friendly Circle, and Mrs. Mae Thompson, social action committee. Other officers include the Rev. Claude G. Young, assistant pastor; Albert Dunlap, church clerk; Miss Daisie Marshall, assistant; Rufus Byars, treasurer, and G. Norman Branche, financial secretary. Guests on the program were Dr. Joseph H. Stein, superintendent of the Middle Atlantic Conference; the Revs. A. F. Elmes, pastor of People's Congregational Church; L. Maynard Catchings, Plymouth Congregational, and Dr. Carl H. Kopf, pastor of First Congregational, the mother church, who delivered the main address. The three mortgages were burned by Mr. Carpenter, Mrs. Willie R. Frazier and Mrs. Mildred Duncan. [*Westchester Feature Syndicate*] A COLORED WOMAN IN A WHITE WORLD, by May Church Terrell; Ransdell, Inc., Washington, D. C. A noted Negro woman leader, educator and church figure here writes about the full life she has lived, both here and abroad. Mrs. Terrell has been foremost in the struggle for equal rights for her people, was the first President of the Natl. Assn. of Colored Women, and at the Intl. Congress of Women held at Berlin in 1904, spoke in three languages. H. G. Wells writes the preface to the big autobiography. NEW SCIENCE BOOKS THE STREPTOCOCCI, by Frost, Engelbrecht and with an intro, by J. Howard Brown; Willdof Book Co. Madison, Wis. Two noted bacteriologists here treat on the types, class- THE WASHINGTON POST Sunday, October 11, 1953 20M Associated Press Wirephoto White-haired Mary Church Terrell chats with Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, at a testimonial luncheon for Mrs. Terrell held at the Statler Hotel yesterday. 700 Attend Birthday Party For Mrs. Terrell, Civic Leader More than 700 persons gathered at the Statler Hotel yesterday at a birthday party for Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, and to pay tribute to her 90 years spent in fighting for Negro rights. Mrs. Terrell, white-haired and remarkably alert, was praised by several speakers for her leadership in opening the doors of restaurants and theaters in Washington to all persons. Mrs. Terrell assured her admirers she still is ready to oppose discrimination until all persons can enter public places "in a nice, friendly spirit" and make "the Nation's Capital a home of democracy." Walter White, executive secretary off the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, recalled that Mrs. Terrell was born the year Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation and since then has "breathed and fought valiantly for full equality for all human beings." Mrs. Terrell, widow of a Municipal Court judge, was the first Negro woman appointed to the District Board of Education. She was an organizer and first president of the National Association of Colored Women and a charter member of the NAACP. "There are those who say that there will be trouble if the courts, administrative officials and legislative bodies, backed by public opinion, move further towards abolition of racial segregation and discrimination. But I happen to have such abiding faith in democracy that I do not believe professional bigots can stay the course of freedom," White declared. Another speaker, Federal Judge William H. Hastie of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, said Mrs. Terrell, "in the years when she could be expected to take her ease with her grandchildren and great-grandchildren, marches shoulder to shoulder for those things that were sought in her youth." He announced that December 20 the Cotillion Society of Philadelphia will award Mrs. Terrell its highest honor--the diamond cross of Malta. Other recipients have been Ralph Bunche, Branch Rickey and Marian Anderson. The Mary Church Terrell Fund was launched at the luncheon to provide aid for organizations seeking "to eliminate segregation and discrimination in the Nation's Capital." A cash goal of $50,000 was set in hope of abolishing "all traces of racial discrimination by the 100th birthday of Mrs. Terrell-- the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation." You in Your AFRO" The Washington Af Pearlie's Prattle [*Feb 25-50 Afro*] By PEARLIE COX (Continued from Page 9) Dean and Mrs. L. K. Downing and their brother-in-law and sister, the Homer Franklins; Also, the Leon Perrys, B. Doyle Mitchells, Armstrong Claytors, Stewart, Lottie Welters, Olive Fennell, Hermione Ackiss, Constance Shelton, Irene Allen Harley, Betty Davis, Joanna Gardner, Mildred Vernon, Mignon Johnson, and Pearl Queen. CAN'T WAIT PHRASES "In the Morton Mood," fashion show sponsored by the National Capital Chapter of American War Mothers, is creating a big stir in fashion's ranks. The reason is that not only Morton's Round-the- Clock-Spring Styles, but Commentator Rufus G. Byars, Pianist Louis N. Brown, and Pearlie with her "Infamous Monologues" will be on hand to help out Friday, March 10. Mrs. Viola H. Smith is president of the group and Mrs. Genevieva N. Johnson is chairman of the affair. Meet "The Royal Family" on Armstrong's stage tonight (Friday), also tomorrow. The George Kaufman and Edna Ferber play being brought to Washington by the Thespian Study Club, may make you "split your sides," cause it's THAT HILARIOUS! "At Home" Sunday will be the the Ladies Auxiliary of the Mu- So-Lit Club. They'll wear their ancestor's dresses to the George Washington tea which annually attracts the Capital's fashionables. In celebration of Finer Womanhood Week, Alpha Kappa Alpha, and Beta Zeta Chapters of Zeta Phi Beta Sorority and their guests from Canada, India, Israel, Liberia, Norway, Peru, and the United States, are assembling at Truth Hall, Howard University, tonight (Friday) for a forum, the theme, "The Importance of" Women in the Changing World." The Derby Club, for more than twenty years, one of the Capital's outstanding social aggregations, will hold its annual smoker, March 4. To entertain its guests, President Gilbert A. Diggs, Richard D. Jordan, W. T. Washington, T. C. Cope and others will have on hand, dancers, a comedy team and a guest speaker, COME IN DOZENS So sang the Baker's Dozen on the clever invitations to its Chinese Tea and Bazaar, Sunday last at Inspiration House. But see what happened, please! Five hundred eager guests crowded the house during the 8- hour session! Chinese gadgets from massive lamps, trunks, and screens, down to inch-long pigs and mice made of glass, crossed the counters, leaving so-welcome funds for the Baker's Dozen project, the renovation and equipping of its teen-age center, the buildings already having been purchased. 'Twas a colorful affair, what with the "Dozen" as well as many of those assisting, wearing Chinese togs. There was a "Wishing Well," where, for a coin, you could make a wish and forthwith your "fortune" would appear, all wrapped in a cute thinguma-bob, called a "cookie." Pleased with my "fortune" I swallowed the container whole! Mrs. Frederick N. Brook, chairman of the Bazaar Committee for United Service to China, donated 500 "fortune" cookies, and also made other donations and loans. Mesdames Helen McConnell, Edmonia McConnell, Etta Johnson and Yvonne Tibbs donated wafers that went with the real Chinese tea, Mrs. Eunice Matthews poured. Mrs. M., striking in a Chinese red and black gown is a D.C. teacher, president of the auxiliary to the National Medical Association, and number one in the AFRO's ten-best dressed women list. The Baker's Dozen pledge themselves every year to raise one hundred dollars each for its project. And Mrs. Maxie Ponden Brooks, one of the newest members, thought up the Chinese Tea and Bazaar idea, thinking she'd make it her own individual effort. But the club liked the stunt so well, all members got behind it. Now they can't thank you and you enough for your very gracious response. The members include: Ruth Spencer, president; Mildred N. Alfred, Lucille D. Roberts, Flaxie M. Pinkett, Hazel B. Adams, Beatrice Y. Black, Maxie P. Brooks, Henrietta B. Franklin, June G. Hackney, Sarah H. Irving, Beatrice M. Johnson, Mignon Johnson, Carrol Parris, Irma P. Smith, Dorothea B. Stewart. Among those assisting were: Mrs. S. Y. Lu-Man of the Chinese Embassy; Dr. Jane Lucas; Mesdames John R. Pinkett Sr., Nora R. Tucker; Miss Charlotte Shorter; Alfred Neal, J. Franklin Bourne, Norris A. Dodson Jr., William D. Brooks Jr., Kent Cockrell; Ernest Johnson, George W. Franklin, and Dr. A. L. Spencer, husband of President Ruth, who took the tired but happy bunch to 10 p.m. dinner after leftover Chinese gadgets were packed away. EVEN THE POSTMAN KNOWS That Mrs. Ruby M. Johnson, wife of Col. Campbell C. Johnson, made a most charming master of ceremonies at the Helping Hand Club of Nineteenth Street Church's "Evening With the American Negro," Friday night. Isn't his pack getting heavier and heavier with letters of praise, no less? Not only did Mrs. Johnson preside over Friday's program, but she selected the theme: "Making History in the Nation's Capital for Fuller Citizenship." Wearing her prettiest long black velvet gown, a gradenia corsage, she added her nicest smile, knowing that looking on were her husband, her 90-year-old Dad, William H. Murray; and her sis-ters, Mesdames Clara Clairborne and Essie Taylor. Speakers included Mrs. Charles H. Thompson, wife of Dean Thompson, of the Howard University Graduate School, who spoke on "Making History in Education and Recreation"; Mrs. Donald C. Beatty, president, D.C. League of Women Voters, her subject being: "Making History in Politics"; Dr. William Stuart Nelson, dean of Howard University, whose text was "Making History in Religion," and who emphasized the "Significance of the Progress of the Darker Races of the World to the American Negro." Dr. Carter G. Woodson, eminent historian, added a word, as did the Rev. Messrs. R. W. Brooks, S. G. Spottswood, and J. A. Moore, pastor of Nineteenth Street Church. Music was furnished by Romaldo de Veau, Levington Smith, Lilian Ritchie and several choirs. "The program was simply thrilling," said Mrs. Clarence Fisher, member of the Board of Directors of the D.C. League of Women Voters. And darling Mary Church Terrell who misses nothing worthwhile despite her more than 80 years, grabbed Chairman Johnson and smothered her with hugs. Officers of the Helping Hand, whose purpose is just what its name suggests, are headed by Mrs. Ella E. Bannister. Other officers include W. D. Brooks Sr.; Mesdames Ellease T. Robinson, Genevia M. Pierre, Gertrude Hill, Lucy Parker. Among Committee Chairmen are Miss Zoey Wormley, Mesdames Margaret Koonce, Rosa Logan, Ida Tignor, Nora Drew, Carrie Kenney, Ellease T. Robinson. Hostesses for Friday's affair were Mesdames Nora Duigiud, Willa Cowan, Georgia Lee, James I. Minor. Among those looking on were Mrs. Wilber LaRoe, wife of the ex-chairman of the Board of Parole; Mrs. Rosaline Goodman, vice-president, D.C. League, Women Voters; Mr. William A. Ryles (National Baptist Laymen). MARIAN TAKES A BOW Asked to take a bow the other night was Marian Mouzon. Clad in a crisp, yet sheer blue gown, the slip of Highland Beach Thrives as Md.'s Smallest Town Highland Beach, Maryland's 'Smallest Town,' Doesn't Look the Part Washington Afro American 60th Year - Diamond Jubilee WASHINGTON, D.C., JUNE 3, 1952 Page 9 Some of the homes of Highland Beach, Md., which are owned by professional and business people who live either in the District of Columbia, Maryland or Virginia. The town is slightly 30 miles from Washington and has only one family of five people in official year-round residence. This is the Highland Beach summer home of Dr. and Mrs. Millard Dean, 1755 18th St., NW, Washington. Here is the Rambler-type home of Dr. Edward Mazique, a Washingtonian, who is a part-time resident of Highland Beach. General view of Highland and Venice Beaches, Md., taken from the Oyster Harbor Beach across Oyster Creek. Highland Beach, extreme left, was rated the smallest incorporated town in Maryland in the 1950 census reports. Although it has only five official residents, all members of one family, the 26-acre community has numerous summer homes, owned largely by Washingtonians. Venice Beach Hotel (tall building in center background) serves jointly Highland and Venice Beaches. Anne Arundel Resort Has Only 5 Residents Most Highland Beach Citizens, Including Mayor, Live in D.C. by WOODY L. TAYLOR ALTHOUGH Highland Beach has gained U.S. Census distinction as Maryland's smallest incorporated town, it has many of the earmarks of a steadily growing community. The Chesapeake Bay development, slightly over 30 miles from Washington, has only one family of five in official year-round residence - four less than its 1940 population of nine. Growth Continues While the population has been dwindling, the erection of swank new "cottages," many with six or more thoroughly modern rooms, has brought the total number of residences to 43. The official population is made up of John W. Aytch, the caretaker; his wife and three children, Elizabeth A., 8; John Jr., 6, and Mary E., 19 months. Others who have acquired property and built homes on the beach are professional and business people who live either in the District of Columbia, Maryland or Virginia, according to Mayor Haley G. Douglass. While some of them spend week ends at the place during the off season, they spend most time time there during the vacation months in an effort to beat the heat. Established in 1893 Small though Highland Beach is when measured by its number of year-round inhabitants, it has 26 2/3 acres of land and is one of the oldest established beaches in the area. It is two blocks wide and four blocks long and fronts on Chesapeake Bay. Its incorporation papers are dated April 13, 1922, but the beach was actually established in 1893 on ground included in a deed from Robert Moss, trustee, and Daniel There is a community pavilion on the beach for recreational purposes and town gatherings. Movies are shown during the summer every Saturday night for the children. A field day and motorboat shows are also held each summer. Has Post Office, Too The town also has a parents' organization which looks after the interests of the children and has its own regular U.S. Post Office. Mrs. Fannie H. Douglass, 1806 11th St., NW, is a postmaster. Highland Beach adjoins two other colored beaches - Venice, the smallest, with 13 1/4 acres, and Bay Highlands, 140 acres. A recent addition, just across Oyster Creek, is Oyster Harbor Beach, now in process of development. Venice Beach has a hotel that serves the whole area. Towns Without People The town of Venice, which is not incorporated, has one full-time resident, Mrs. Ida Neal. One other incorporated town in the smaller communities of the county, Douglass Park, also has a registered population of one person, while five others have no registered population whatever. The Census Bureau explains that situation by pointing out that after incorporation, the inhabitants moved out of the town and nobody has every bothered about having it unincorporated. The commissioners of Highland Beach meet the first Saturday in August of each year. Part-time residents of the town and members of the Highland Beach Citizens' Association are: Most Washingtonians Miss Ray Bell, Dr. and Mrs. Hartford Burwell, Dr. Armstrong Clator, Dr. Millard Dean, Miss Leona Dodson, Mrs. Fannie H. Douglass, Haley G. Douglass, Roscoe Evans, Mrs. Annozean Flagg. 000063 Some of the homes of Highland Beach, Md., which are owned by professional and business people who live either in the District of Columbia, Maryland or Virginia. The town is slightly 30 miles from Washington and has only one family of five people in official year-round residence. This is the Highland Beach summer home of Dr. and Mrs. Millard Dean, 1755 18th St., NW, Washington. General view of Highland and Venice Beaches, Md., taken from the Oyster Harbor Beach across Oyster Creek. Highland Beach, extreme left, was rated the smallest incorporated town in Maryland in the 1950 census reports. Although it has only five official residents, all members of one family, the 26-acre community has numerous summer homes, owned largely by Washingtonians. Venice Beach Hotel (tall building in center background) serves jointly Highland and Venice Beaches. Here is the Rambler-type home of Dr. Edward Mazique, a Washingtonian , who is a part-time resident of Highland Beach. Anne Arundel Resort Has Only 5 Residents Most Highland Beach Citizens, Including Mayor, Live in D.C. By Woody L. Taylor ALTHOUGH Highland Beach has gained U.S. Census distinction as Maryland's smallest incorporated town, it has many of the earmarks of a steadily growing community. The Chesapeake Bay development, slightly over 30 miles from Washington, has only one family of five in official year-round residence -four less than its 1940 population of nine. Growth Continues While the population has been dwindling, the erection of swank new "cottages," many with six or more thoroughly modern rooms, has brought the total number of residences to 43. The official population is made up of John W. Aytch, the caretaker; his wife and three children, Elizabeth A., 8; John Jr., 6, and Mary E., 19 months. Others who have acquired property and built homes on the beach are professional and business people who live either in the District of Columbia, Maryland or Virginia, according to Mayor Haley G. Douglass. While some of them spend week ends at the place during the off season, they spend most time time there during the vacation months in an effort to beat the heat. Established in 1893 Small though Highland Beach is when measured by its number of year-round inhabitants, it has 26 2/3 acres of land and is one of the oldest established beaches in the area. It is two blocks wide and four blocks long and fronts on Chesapeake Bay. Its incorporation papers are dated April 13, 1922, but the beach was established in 1893 on ground included in a deed from Robert Moss, trustee, and Daniel Brashears to Joseph H. Douglass, brother of the great abolitionist, Frederick Douglass. Commission In Charge The governing body of the town consists of a board of commissioners, chairman of which is the mayor. There also exists the Highland Beach Citizens Association. Commissioners at the time that the Anne Arundel County town was incorporated by act of the Maryland Legislature in 1922 were Dr. Milton A. Francis, Osburn T. Taylor, Edwin B. Henderson, Haley G. Douglass and Eula Ross Grey. Present commissioners are: Haley G. Douglass, 1732 15th St., NW, retired Dunbar High School mathematics teacher, son of Charles and Laura Douglass and grand nephew of Frederick Douglass, chairman and mayor; Dr. Hartford Burwell, 2824 Sherman Ave., NW; Dr. Millard Dean, 1755 18th St., NW, Talley Holmes, 1344 T St., NW; and Dr. W. A. Wells, secretary, 1161 First St., NW, all of Washington. Mayor Douglass has all the authority that [???] other person in... There is a community pavilion on the beach for recreational purposes and town gatherings. Movies are shown during the summer every Saturday night for the children. A field day and motorboat shows are also held each summer. Has Post Office, Too The town also has a parents' organization which looks after the interests of the children and has its own regular U.S. Post Office. Mrs. Fannie H. Douglass, 1806 11th St., NW, is postmaster. Highland Beach adjoins two other colored beaches--Venice, the smallest, with 13 1/4 acres, and Bay Highlands, 140 acres. A recent addition, just across Oyster Creek, is Oyster Harbor Beach, now in process of development. Venice Beach has a hotel that serves the whole area. Towns Without People The town of Venice, which is not incorporated, has one full-time resident, Mrs. Ida Neal. One other incorporated town in the smaller communities of the county, Douglass Park, also has a registered population of one person, while five others have no registered population whatsoever. The Census Bureau explains that situation by pointing out that after incorporation, the inhabitants moved out of the town and nobody has ever bothered about having it unincorporated. The commissioners of Highland Beach meet the first Saturday in August of each year. Part-time residents of the town and members of the Highland Beach Citizens' Association are: Most Washingtonians Miss Ray Bell, Dr. and Mrs. Hartford Burwell, Dr. Armstrong Clator, Dr. Millard Dean, Miss Leona Dodson, Mrs. Fannie H. Douglass, Haley G. Douglass, Roscoe Evans, Mrs. Annozean Flagg, Dr. Milton Francis, Dr. C. Wendell Freeman, all of Washington. Dr. E. B. Henderson, Falls Church, Va.; Talley Homes, Granville Hurley, Charles E. Jorgensen, Warner Lawson, Mrs. Irene Leak, Dr. Grant Lucas, Mrs. Mabel Matthews, Dr. Edward Mazique, Mrs. Ethel Murray, Dr. William F. Nelson, Tony Pierce, G. B. Reid, Benjamin Secund, Dr. Herbert Scurlock, all of Washington; Dr. Shepperd, Baltimore; the Rev. E. C. Smith, Dr. O. Simmons, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Welker Underdown, Dr. J. E. Walker, Dr. J. E. Washington, Clarence Wormley, all of Washington; J. E. Wauls, Arlington; Mrs. Erma West, Mrs. Cordella Wharton, Dr. W. A. Wells, Mrs. Jennie Wilder, Miss Virginia Williams, Miss Imogene Wormley, Herman Fitzgerald, Dr. Robert Weaver and Richard Ware, all of Washington Morgan Professor's Poem Set To Music Here is Rambler-type home of Dr. Edward Mazique, a Washingtonian, who is a part-time resident of Highland Beach General view of Highland and Venice Beaches, Md., taken from the Oyster Harbor Beach across Oyster Creek. Highland Beach, extreme left, was rated the smallest incorporated town in Maryland in the 1950 census reports. Although it has only five official residents, all members of one family, the 26-acre community has numerous summer homes, owned largely by Washingtonians. Venice Beach Hotel (tall building in center background) serves jointly Highland and Venice Beaches. Anne Arundel Resort Has Only 5 Residents Most Highland Beach Citizens, Including Mayor, Live In D.C. By WOODY L. TAYLOR ALTHOUGH Highland Beach has gained U.S. Census distinction as Maryland's smallest incorporated town, it has many of the earmarks of a steadily growing community. The Chesapeake Bay development, slightly over 30 miles from Washington, has only one family of five in official year-round residence- four less than its 1940 population of nine. Growth Continues While the population has been dwindling, the erection of swank new " cottages," many with six or more thoroughly modern rooms, has brought the total number of residences to 43. The official population is made up of John W. Aytch, the caretaker; his wife and three children. Elizabeth A., 8; John Jr., 6, and Mary E., 19 months. Others who have acquired property and built homes on the beach are professional and business people who live either in the District of Columbia, Maryland or Virginia, according to Mayor Haley G. Douglass. While some of them spend week ends at the place during the off season, they spend most time time there during the vacation months in an effort to beat the heat. Established in 1893 Small though Highland Beach is when measured by its number of year-round inhabitants, it has 26 2/3 acres of land and is one of the oldest established beaches in the area. It is two blocks wide and four blocks long and fronts on Chesapeake Bay. Its incorporation papers are dated April 13, 1922, but the beach was actually established in 1893 on ground included in a deed from Robert Moss trustee, and Daniel Brashears to Joseph H. Douglass, brother of the great abolitionist, Frederick Douglass. Commission In Charge The governing body of the town consists of a board of commissioners, chairman of which is the mayor. There also exists the Highland Beach Citizens Association. Commissioners at the time that the Anne Arundel County town was incorporated by act of the Maryland Legislature in 1922 were Dr. Milton A. Francis, Osburn T. Taylor, Edwin B. Henderson, Haley G. Douglass and Eula Ross Grey. Present commissioners are: Haley G. Douglass, 1732 15th St., NW, retired Dunbar High School mathematics teacher, son of Charles and Laura Douglass and grand nephew of Frederick Douglass, chairman and mayor; Dr. Hartford Burwell, 2824 Sherman Ave., NW; Dr. Millard Dean, 1755 18th St., NW, Talley Holmes, 1344 T St., NW; and Dr. W. A. Wells, secretary, 1161 First St., NW, all of Washington. Mayor Douglass has all the authority that any other person in his position has in any other township. He has jurisdiction and powers of a Justice of the Peace, can call on any officer entrusted with the receipts and expenditures of public money for an accounting and is responsible for execution of ordinances issued by the board. Powers of Commissioners The commissioners have the power to regulate by ordinance market house inspection, measurements and weights of all provisions, meats, fish, oysters, crab, grain, wood and coal sold for consumption in the town; suppress disorderly meetings, regulate possession of firearms, etc. In short, the reputation and well being of the town is their responsibility. There is a community pavilion on the beach for recreational purposes and town gatherings. Movies are shown during the summer every Saturday night for the children. A field day and motorboat shows are also held each summer. Has Post Office, Too The town also has a parents' organization which looks after the interests of the children and has its own regular U.S. Post Office. Mrs. Fannie H. Douglass, 1806 11th St., NW, is postmaster. Highland Beach adjoins two other colored beaches- Venice, the smallest, with 13 1/4 acres, and Bay Highlands, 140 acres. A recent addition, just across Oyster Creek, is Oyster Harbor Beach, now in process of development. Venice Beach has a hotel and serves the whole area. Town Without People The town of Venice, which is not incorporated, has one full-time resident, Mrs. Ida Neal. One other incorporated town in the smaller communities of the county, Douglass Park, also has a registered population of one person, while five others have no registered population whatever. The Census Bureau explains that situation by pointing out that after incorporation, the inhabitants moved out of the town and nobody has ever bothered about having it unincorporated. The commissioners of Highland Beach meet the first Saturday in August each year. Part-time residents of the town and members of the Highland Beach Citizens' Association are: Most Washingtonians Miss Ray Bell, Dr. and Mrs. Hartford Burwell, Dr. Millard Dean, Miss Leona Dodson, Mrs. Fannie H. Douglass, Haley G. Douglass, Roscoe Evans, Mrs. Annozean Flagg, Dr. Milton Francis, Dr. C. Wendall Freeman, all of Washington. Dr. E. B. Henderson, Falls Church, Va.; Talley Homes, Granville Hurley, Charles E. Jorgensen, Warner Lawson, Mrs. Irene Leak, Dr. Grant Lucas, Mrs. Mabel Matthews, Dr. Edward Mazique, Mrs. Ethel Murray, Dr. William F. Nelson, Tony Pierce, G. B. Reid, Benjamin Secund, Dr. Herbert Scurlock, all of Washington; Dr. Shepperd, Baltimore; the Rev. E. C. Smith, Dr. O. Simmons, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Welker Underdown, Dr. J. E. Walker, Dr. J. E. Washington, Clarence Wormley, all of Washington; J. E. Wauls, Arlington; Mrs. Erma West, Mrs. Cordella Wharton, Dr. W. A. Wells, Mrs. Jennie Wilder, Miss Virginia Williams, Miss Imogene Wormley, Herman Fitzgerald, Dr. Robert Weaver and Richard Ware, all of Washington. Morgan Professor's Poem Set to Music. BALTIMORE " I Have a Rendezvous With Life," a poem by Dr. Nick A. Ford, head of Morgan State College's English department has been set to music by Dr. H. F. Mells, head of the music department at Tennessee State University. The composition which appears in Dr. Ford's volume of verse, " Songs From the Dark," arranged for two pianos, a violin and a tenor voice, was featured in a premiere performance recently by members of the music faculty of the university of Nashville. Your ideas won't work unless you do. Mrs. Williams tells some of Washington's outstanding women how thrilled she was to be selected the AFRO's Ideal Mother. Left to right, Mrs. Carl Murphy, wife of the president of the AFRO; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, and Mrs. Frances Wood, Washington AFRO editor, At right is Dr. Margaret Just Butcher. [*Washington Afro-American May 17 - 1952*] [*Pittsburgh Courier March 10, 1951*] CITED FOR SERVICE—Recipients of the 1950 Omega Psi Phi achievement awards for outstanding community service are shown following presentation ceremonies at the Twelfth Street YMCA Saturday. They are Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Edward J. Kelly, Gardner L. Bishop and Robert L. Taylor. Hiram F. Jones, second from left, is Basileus of the Omega local chapter, and presided at the ceremony.—Cabell Photo. [*Afro-American - Feb.24 1951*] Miner's Centennial Drama Scene Goes on Radio Sunday The public will get a preview of the Centennial Drama of Miner Teachers College when one of its scenes is produced Sunday, Feb. 25 at 1:30 p.m. on Tomlinson Todd's "American All" radio show on Station WOOK. The scene involve the change of the Miner Normal School (then called the Washington Normal School No. 2 from a one year to a two-year teacher training school. To Depict Pioneers Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, in 1895 a leading member of the board of Trustees in support ot the two-year Normal School, reports the action of the trustees to Dr. Lucy E. Moten, principal of the Normal School. Dr. Moten will be played by Mrs. Jane Thomas Gibbs, a graduate of Miner in 1948. Mrs. Terrell will be played by Ruth Holloway, a senior student at Miner now practicing teaching in Spanish at Shaw Junior High School. Other Scenes Other scenes in the Centennial Drama, will be portrayed fully on Monday, March 5, at the college auditorium, will include two scenes from the life of Myrtilla Miner who founded the institution in 1851. A second scene from the life of the institution during the time of Dr. Moten will also be enacted. Another scene shows the discussion and problems involved in the accrediting of Minor as an "A" number one teachers college. The last in th six scenes is set in 1961 and suggest a picture of the college at that time. Cleveland Call + Post. Oct. 17, 1953 Down THE BIG Road By W. O. Walker It must be mighty fine to live to be 90 years old. Better still, when you reach 90, is the fact that you are honored by citizens, not because you are so old, but, because you are young enough to be in the forefront of today's fight for the rights of your people. Such is the story of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D. C. Mary Church Terrell is a remarkable woman. A scion of the famous Church family of Memphis, Tenn., she grew up without the annoyance of want. Her education was topped off with a degree from Oberlin College, and study in Europe. In 1891 she married Robert H. Terrell of Washington, D. C., and since then, she has resided in that city. Her husband was first appointed a municipal judge by President Theodore Roosevelt, and, until his death, was one of Washington's most prominent citizens. Therefore, her social and economic position was secure. Like many of the other women around her, she could have rested on her social laurels and enjoyed a life of ease. But not for Mary Church Terrell. She was a woman of ideas, she was progressive and, above all, was determined. Mary Church Terrell knew Washington, D. C. well. She lived there through the years when many of the great men of the Reconstruction era, shorn of their power and prestige by the denial of the right of Negroes to vote in the South, passed the last years of their lives in sight of the great capitol building with only their memories to console them. She knew the suffering these men endured because the nation they served so well, forgot them. She saw the South take over the nation's capital and hold it in a vise of discrimination and segregation worse then than that visited upon our people in the deepest South. She saw thousands of her people forced to live in alley slums, considered by many to be the worst in America. These things didn't set well with this woman of culture. She resent all of them, and, as the years of experience better fitted her for the role of fighter, she determined more than ever before, to be their mortal enemy. At an age when most women and even men, feel that their life's work is done and the responsibilities of leadership are passed on to younger hands, Mary Church Terrell refused to give up her life of fighting. In fact, she started out anew to [??] conditions in her beloved Washington. Incensed at the rigid bans against Negroes in public places at the same time the occupants in the White House were doing so much talking about civil rights, Mrs. Terrell, in company with other prominent people of Washington, went into the Thompson restaurant and demanded that they be served as American citizens. They were refused, and, of course, ejected from the place. This case has now become the pivot on which it seems all the issues of racial segregation in Washington will be determined. After losing the first two rounds in the courts of the District of Columbia, a higher court ruled that the laws of 1872 banning any form of racial segregation in places of public accommodation in Washington, were valid and enforceable. This decision was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. However, with the advent of the Eisenhower administration Attorney General Herbert Brownell entered the case on behalf of the President and announced that he was going to fight on the side of Mrs. Terrell and her committee to break up racial segregation in Washington. Thus for the first time in over 75 years, a dent was made in the segregated pattern of our nation's capital. Through the daring of a few people like Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, more progress against segregation has been made since Dwight D. Eisenhower led the Republicans back into the White House last January than ever before. True, the Republicans didn't initiate it, they faced it fairly and without hesitation placed themselves on the side of right and justice. Had it not been for the firm position taken by Mr. Eisenhower and his Attorney General in the matter of racial segregation in Washington, the local restaurant owners would never have admitted defeat. So, last week, Mary Church Terrell, at the age of 90, probably enjoyed the best day of her life. A birthday party that celebrated an age that few people can hope to attain. At this ripe age, she can see her many years of labor begin to bear the pleasant fruit of victory. She has the satisfaction of seeing the case that she was so prominently a part of, become the emancipation proclamation of her people in the nation's capital. Her birthday part was held in one of the swankiest hotels in Washington which not only rents its rooms to Negroes, but also welcomes them now at banquets, parties and dances. This itself was unthought of ten years ago when the Roosevelt's with all of their pretentions for civil rights, ruled It must be mighty fine to live to be 90 years old. Better still, when you reach 90, is the fact that you are honored by citizens, not because you are so old, but, because you are young enough to be in the forefront of today's fight for the rights of your people. Such is the story of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington D.C. Mary Church Terrell is a remarkable woman. A scion of the famous Church family of Memphis, Tenn., she grew up without the annoyance of want. Her education was topped off with a degree from Oberlin College, and study in Europe. In 1891 she married Robert H. Terrell of Washington D. C., and since then, she has resided in that city. Her husband was first appointed a municipal judge by President Theodore Roosevelt, and, until his death, was one of Washington's most prominent citizens. Therefore, her social and economic position was secure. Like many of the other women around her, she could have rested on her social laurels and enjoyed a life of ease. But not for Marcy Church Terrell. She was a woman of ideas, she was progressive and, above all, was determined. Mary Church Terrell knew Washington, D. C. well. She lived there through the years when many of the great men of the Reconstruction era, shorn of their power and prestige by the denial of the right to of Negroes to vote in the South, passed the last years of their lives in sight of the great capiol building with only their memories to console them. She knew the suffering these men endured because the nation they served so well, forgot them. She saw the South take over the nation's capital and hold it in a vise of discrimination and segregation worse then than that visited upon our people in the deepest South. She saw thousands of her people forced to live in alley slums, considered by many to be the worst in America. These things didn't set well with this woman of culture. She resented all of them, and, as the years of experience better fitted her for the role of fighter, she determined more than ever before, to be their mortal enemy. At an age when most women and even men, feel that their life's work is done and the responsibilities of leadership are passed on to younger hands. Mary Church Terrell refused to give up her life of fighting. In fact, she started out anew to [?] racial conditions in her beloved Washington. Incensed at the rigid bans against Negroes in public places at the same time the occupants in the White House were doing so much talking about civil rights, Mrs. Terrell, in company with other prominent people of Washington, went into the Thompson restaurant and demanded that they be served as American citizens. They were refused, and, of course, ejected from the place. This case has now become the pivot on which it seems all the issues of racial segregation in Washington will be determined. After losing the first two rounds in the courts of the District of Columbia, a higher court ruled that the laws of 1872 banning any form of racial segregation in places of public accommodation in Washington, were valid and enforceable. This decision was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. However, with the advent of the Eisenhower administration, Attorney General Herbert Brownell entered the case on behalf of the President and announced that he was going to fight on the side of Mrs. Terrell and her committee to break up racial segregation in Washington. Sensing that they were fighting a lost cause, the Restaurant Association of Washington threw in the sponge and pledged all of its members to abide by the court order to serve everybody. Thus, for the first time in over 75 years, a dent was made in the segregated pattern of our nation's capital. Through the daring of a few people like Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, more progress against segregation has been made since Dwight D. Eisenhower led the Republicans back into the White House last January then ever before, True, the Republicans didn't initiate this case, but when they inherited it, they faced it fairly and without hesitation placed themselves on the side of right and justice. Had it not been for the firm position taken by Mr. Eisenhower and his Attorney General in the matter of racial segregation in Washington, the local restaurant owners would never have admitted defeat. So, last week, Mary Church Terrell, at the age of 90, probably enjoyed the best day of her life. A birthday party that celebrated an age that few people can hope to attain. At this ripe age, she can see her many years of labor begin to bear the pleasant fruit of victory. She has the satisfaction of seeing the case that she was so prominently a part of, become the emancipation proclamation of her people in the nation's capital. Her birthday party was held in one of the swankiest hotels in Washington which not only rents rooms to Negroes, but also welcomes them now at banquets, parties and dances. This itself was unthought of ten years ago when the Roosevelts with all of their pretensions for civil rights, ruled Washington with an iron hand. Would that there were more women like Mary Church Terrell. women who are not so carried away with their social position that they can't see that they are still a part of a race that is forced to accept second-class status even though they are American citizens. Women who are unwilling to accept security as an excuse to forget that millions of their fellow citizens are only a step away from starvation and are forced to live in slums. Women who have the courage to fight against great odds that other women's children might find this land a better place in which to grow up. Women who do not take their college degrees as a badge of superiority that places them above the common people. Yes, Mary Church Terrell is a great woman. May she live to see a complete victory over the forces of segregation not only in Washington D. C. but in every city and hamlet of this great nation that is yet to find its soul despite the fact that it has a big heart. years when many of the great men of the Reconstruction era, shorn of their power and prestige by the denial of the right of Negroes to vote in the South, passed the last years of their lives in sight of the great capiol building with only their memories to console them. She knew the suffering these men endured because the nation they served so well, forgot them. She saw the South take over the nation's capital and hold it in a vise of discrimination and segregation worse then than that visited upon out people in the deepest South. She saw thousands of her people forced to live n alley slums, considered by many to be the worst in America. These things didn't set well with this woman of culture. She resented all of them, and, as the years of experience better fitted her for the role of fighter, she determined more than ever before, to be their mortal enemy. At an age when most women and even men, feel that their life's work is done and the responsibilities of leadership are passed on to younger hands, Mary Church Terrell refused to give up her life of fighting. In fact she started out anew to tackle racist conditions in her beloved Washington. Incensed at the rigid bans against Negroes in public places at the same time the occupants in the White House were doing so much talking about civil rights, Mrs. Terrell, in company with other prominent people of Washington, went into the Thompson restaurant and demanded that they be served as American citizens. They were refused, and, of course, ejected from the place. This case has now become the pivot on which it seems all the issues of racial segregation in Washington will be determined. After losing the first two rounds in the courts of the District of Columbia, a higher court ruled that the laws of 1872 banning any form of racial segregation in places of public accommodation in Washington, were valid and enforceable. This decision was appealed to the U. S. Supreme Court. However, with the advent of the Eisenhower administration, Attorney General Herbert Brownell entered the case on behalf of the President and announced that he was goin to fight on the side of Mrs. Terrell and her committee to break up the racial segregation in Washington. Sensing that they were fighting a lost cause, the Restaurant Association of Washington threw in the sponge and pledged all of its members to abide by the court order to serve everybody. Thus, for the first time in over 75 years, a dent was made in the segregated pattern of our nation's capital. Through the daring of a few people like Mary Church Terrell, more progress against segregation has been made since Dwight D. Eisenhower led the Republicans back into the White House last January than ever before. True, the Republicans didn't initiate this case, but when they inherited it, they faced it fairly and without hesitation placed themselves on the side of right and justice. Had it not been for the firm position taken by Mr. Eisenhower and his Attorney General in the matter racial segregation in Washington, the local restaurant owners would never have admitted defeat. So, last week, Mary Church Terrell, at the age of 90, probably enjoyed the best day of her life. A birthday party that celebrated an age that few people can hope to attain. At this ripe age, she can see her many years of labor begin to bear the pleasant fruit of victory . She has the satisfaction of seeing the case that she was so prominently a part of, become the emancipation proclamation of her people in the nation's capital. Her birthday party was held in one of the swankiest hotels in Washington which not only rents its room to Negroes, but also welcomes them now at banquets, parties and dances. This itself was unthought of ten years ago when the Roosevelts with all of their pretentions for civil rights, ruled Washington with an iron hand. Would that there were more women like Mary Church Terrell. Women who are not so carried away with their social position that they can't see that they are still a part of a race that is forced to accept second-hand status even though they are American citizens. Women who are unwilling to accept security as an excuse to forget that millions of their fellow citizens are still only a step away from starvation and are forced to live in slums. Women who have the courage to fight against great odds that other women's children might find this land a better place in which to grow up. Women who do not take their college degrees as a badge of superiority that places them above the common people. Yes, Mary Church Terrell is a great woman. May she live to see a complete victory over the forces of segregation not only in Washington, D. C., but in every city and hamlet of this great nation that is yet to find its soul despite the fact that it has a big heart. September 29th, 1951 "The AFRO May Seem High, But It Is the Finest You Can Buy" Pearlie's Prattle By PEARLIE COX 'Twas the 88th birthday of Dr. Mary Church Terrell Sunday last. And the celebrations, my! If you listened, radio-wise, about 1 p.m. there was Mrs. Terrell high-lighting "Americans All" program. If you answered the dinnerbell's ring, at Shiloh Baptist Church which was also celebrating its 88th Anniversary, there was the town's beloved Mary among the special guests. And, if you went to Alpha House at Six, along with more than 400 other well-wishers, there was the radiant Mary in rich crepe dress of mulberry red, orchid-adorned, practically awamped with tribute-payers! There was a "Thank You", of course, eloquent, brief, inspiring, and the guests will never forget it. They'll remember, too, the blue-gray page, written by Al (Afro) Sweeney, that lists Mrs. Terrell's accomplishments. And they'll cherish it, putting it among their other biographies of the great. Seen here and there were: Canon Richard Williams of the Washington Cathedral, President Mordecai Johnson of Howard University, Dr. Frank Reissig, Mrs. Julia West Hamilton, Mrs. Clarence Swift, Oberlin classmate of the honoree; Doctors W. H. Jernagin, E. Franklin Frazier; Mesdames Velma Williams, Florence Thoms, Josephine Kyles, Anna Steen, Iola Rowan; Bedford V. Lawson, national Alpha Phi Alpha head; Foster Wood, David Rein; Messrs. and Mesdames Harold Hawthorne, Hubert Pair, Louis Mehlinger, Richard Atkinson, Thomas P. Bomar; Doctors and Mesdames Edward Mazique, Eugene Holmes, C. Horace Fitchett, Ira Gibbons, Alonzo Smith; Messrs. and Mesdames Julian Cook, Frank McKinney, Leland Simmons, Noel Compton, Rufus Byars, Howard Thomas, Walter Williams; also Archdeacon James K. Satterwhite, Jacksonville, Fla.; Mesdames Niki Keets, Emory B. Smith, Mamie U. Foster, Ethel Grubbs, Kathryn Brown, Alpha Jones, Justine Maloney, Dorothy Porter, Norma Bacchus, Anna Foster Porter, Harriet DeMond, Aurelia Ferguson, Alfreda Taylor, Madge Hurst, Louise Pack, Bertha COllins, William Bauduit, Selma Gordon; Mesdames Fannie Douglas, Mary E.C. Gregory, William Stuart Nelson, Charlotte Pinkett, Ruth Poindexter, wife of Col. Hildrus, now in Liberia; Doctors Margaret Butcher, Merze Tate, Gertrude Rivers; Mesdames Camille Nickerson, Kay Wallace, Kate Sheppard, Naomi Rushing, Jeannette Carter, Aurelia Roberts; Jesse O. Thomas, E.W. Harrison and Col. West A. Hamilton. Also looking pretty, and doing much to help entertain the guests were MEsdames Rutledge Brown and Alice Charleston Trigg and Phyllis T. Langston, daughter of Mrs. Terrell. A SNAKE BITES Dr. Raymond B. Thomas Jr., hero in his day of camping, fishing and similar expeditions, has wandered, unbitten in many snake-infested areas, but Monday last in his ow back yard, with Neighbor Frank Coleman looking on, the popular Dr. Thomas was bitten by a snake. The reptile paid with his life for his daring visit to the Thomases' lawn, and the dentist, after an hour or so in a hospital room, was pronounced "out of danger." POET IN SHILOH Sunday ushered in anniversary time for Shiloh Baptist Church. The Rev. E. L. Harrison, pastor, left Texas where he's temporarily serving as president of Bishop College, to help celebrate the church's 88th Natal Day. The Martha M. Waldron Women's Club, Olive L. English, head, stole the whole day's show. They conducted a forum on the theme "Faith of the Past, Present and Future," Josephine C. Smith, Earlene Sampson and Marjorie Buchanan were speakers. They served dinner to hundreds, and while dining, they let Ella Pitts bring a glad "hello"; Bertha Monroe, sing, and Mae Gunn, read. Helen Stokes hand out corsages, and Martha M. Waldron, Mary Styles, Amelia Smith, Rebecca Locksley, John S. Taylor, Isabel Powell of the National Catholic Community Service, Kathryn O. Wallace and Constance McDaniel. The Dillard University Choir of New Orleans, La., will warble here, October 11, at the First Congregational Church, 10th and G Streets, N.W. Henry J. Booker of here is the Oberlin-trained director. Such hustling among the Music Festival queens! There's a round trip ticket to Chicago, a complete ensemble, and even a fox chubby that three ticket-sellers will pick up Sunday, September 30, at Griffith Stadium. Other prizes, too, donated by philanthropic firms to further the cause of the National Negro Opera Company, will be awarded. Mary Cardwell Dawson heads the Company. Tonight (Friday) is John Hall's hour at Metropolitan AME Church. The tenor will sing under the auspices of the Pulpit Club of which Mary J. Tolan is president, Carrie R. Grant, secretary; and the Rev. G. D. Robinson, minister. Charming Elaine Jenkins, president of Alpha Wives is home again after 17 days in Denver where home-towners rolled out the plush rug for her and Hubby Howard. But she wasn't in town any time before she started to round up Alpha Wives to help in the Sunday affair that Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity will stage in honor of Dr. and Mrs. Rayford Logan. PEYTONS ENTERTAIN In compliment to their house-guest, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Bell of Memphis, Tennessee, Mr. and Mrs. William L. Peyton of Just Street, N.E., were hosts at an informal party. There were television shows, quizzes, chances to tell tall tales, simply sit round and chat, or walk to the buffet table so daintily spread. Among the quiz-winners was Chicago's cute Mrs. Cotton, who with her husband, Elmer, is visiting Mr. Cotton's father, B.J. Cotton, and other relatives. Other guests included Mr. and Mrs. W. Crim Harris; Mesdames Margaret Gibbs, Ruth Smith, Mary Fowler, Lucille Duke, Beulah Young; E.W. Harrison; Mrs. Harriet Lane, Chicago. ABOUT YOU AND YOU A busy two-some round town these days is Capt. and Mrs. Joel Adams, he, Information Officer, Selective Service, she, supervisor of social workers in a new Army Hospital Program. Mrs. Gibbons, wife of Professor Ira, of the Howard University faculty, back from Hyannisport, Mass. (Cape Cod), and looking ever so well. The poor teacher himself was figuring in a workshop at Catholic University, the while. Dr. Merze Tate of the Howard University faculty, back from a years' stay in India and other countries, and arriving just in time for the Terrell birthday party. Miss Camille Nickeson of the University's Music Department is in town again after a stay in New Orleans and other points... And still thinking of the Howard University faculty, there's Louia Vaughn Jones, master violinist, telling about his home-towning in Ohio, while his charming Mrs. was seeing her parents in Seattle. Since Capt. James W. Jones is now the new Art Department head, Divisions 10 to 13, D.C. Schools, and since summer nights will soon be a dream, here's hoping Mrs. Jones will celebrate her Captain's promotion by wearing that lovely white black-trimmed thing to another big reception. To lay that dress away in lavender ere she waits to oblige, would help a lot of us miss a treat. Large hearts beat in the breasts of Bureau of Engraving gals. Carolyn Greene for instance, phoned thusly the other day: "Your sister Violetta Travis says take to-day's hamburger dinner out of the deep freeze, please." Sis was extra busy that minute, so "Carrie" made the call. The glamourous Angela McIntyre is finding Atlantic City ever so restful these days. She'll be rushing home soon or else she'll miss the Jolly Dames' opening [ning?], at Shiloh Baptist Church which was also celebrating its 88th Anniversary, there was the town's beloved Mary among the special guests. And, if you went to Alpha House at Six, along with more than 400 other well-wishers, there was the radiant Mary in rich crepe dress of mulberry red, orchid-adorned, practically awamped with tribute-payers. There was a "Thank You", of course, eloquent, brief, inspiring, and the guests will never forget it. They'll remember too, the blue-gray page, written by Al (Afro) Sweeney, that lists Mrs. Terrell's accomplishments. And they'll cherish it, putting it among their other biographies of the great. Seen here and there were: Canon Richard Williams of the Washington Cathedral, President Mordecai Johnson of Howard University; Dr. Frank Reissig, Mrs. Julia West Hamilton, Mrs. Clarence Swift, Oberlin classmate of the honoree; Doctors W. H. Jernagin, E. Franklin Frazier; Mesdames Velma Williams, Florence Thoms, Josephine Kyles, Anna Steen, Iola Rowan; Belford V. Lawson, national Alpha Phi Alpha head; Foster Wood, David Rein; Messrs. and Mesdames Harold Hawthorne, Hubert Pair, Louis Mehlinger, Richard Atkinson, Thomas P. Bomar; Doctors and Mesdames Edward Mazique, Eugene Holmes, C. Horace Fitchett, Ira Gibbons, Alonzo Smith; Messrs. and Mesdames Julian Cook, Frank McKinney, Leland Simmons, Noel Compton, Rufus Byars, Howard Thomas, Walter Williams; also Archdeacon James K. Satterwhite, Jacksonville, Fla.; Mesdames Niki Keets, Emory B. Smith, Mamie U. Foster, Ethel Grubbs, Kathryn Brown, Alpha Jones, Justine Maloney, Dorothy Porter, Norma Bacchus, Anna Foster Porter, Harriet DeMond, Aurelia Ferguson, Alfreda Taylor, Madge Hurst, Louise Pack, Bertha Collins, William Baudit, Selma Gordon; Mesdames Fannie Douglas, Mary E. C. Gregory, William Stuart Nelson, Charlotte Pinkett, Ruth Poindexter, wife of Col. Hildrus, now in Liberia; Doctors Margaret Butcher, Merze Tate, Gertrude Rivers; Misses Camille Nickerson, Kay Wallace, Kate Sheppard, Naomi Rushing, Jeannette Carter, Aurelia Roberts; Jesse O. Thomas, E. W. Harrison and Col West A. Hamilton. Also looking pretty, and doing much to help entertain the guests were Mesdames Rutledge Brown and Alice Charleston Trigg and Phyllis T. Langston, daughter of Mrs. Terrell. A SNAKE BITES Dr. Raymond B. Thomas Jr., hero in his day of camping, fishing and similar expeditions, has wandered, unbitten in many snake-infested areas, but Monday last in his ow back yard, with Neighbor Frank Coleman looking on, the popular Dr. Thomas was bitten by a snake. The reptile paid with his life for his daring visit to the Thomases' lawn, and the dentist, after an hour or so in a hospital room, was pronounced "out of danger." POET IN SHILOH Sunday ushered in anniversary time for Shiloh Baptist Church. The Rev. E. L. Harrison, pastor, left Texas where he's temporarily serving as president of Bishop College, to help celebrate the church's 88th Natal Day. The Martha M. Waldron Women's Club, Olive L. English, head, stole the whole day's show. They conducted a forum on the theme "Faith of the Past, Present and Future," Josephine C. Smith, Earlene Sampson and Marjorie Buchanan were speakers. They served dinner to hundreds, and while dining, they let Ella Pitts bring a glad "hello"; Bertha Monroe, sing, and Mae Gunn, read. Helen Stokes hand out corsages, and Martha M. Waldron, Mary Styles, Amelia Smith, Rebecca Locksley, John S. Brannon say "Thank you" for honors extended on account of 35 years or more service in the church. Wilhelmina Williams, Josephine Smith, Barbara Fisher, Anna Whitson and others helped in various ways. But topping all was the poem that President English wrote and Oscar Walden set to music: "All hail to thee, dear Shiloh, May thy Laurels ever glow With faith and love from Heaven above Eternally to grow. God grant us strength to serve thee, Thy love that has brought us to see The blessings abounding throughout the way To guide us over the lea. We sing to thee, dear Shiloh; Our fountains of praise overflow; Our hearts do we pledge with fealty To serve thee here below. Blest be the saints of yesterday Who toiled without dismay; May Shiloh's bulwarks ever stand To give truth to this lay." Seen here and there at the luncheon were: Mrs. George Stevenson, wife of the first secretary of the Liberian Embassy, and daughter, Gwendolyn; Mr. and Mrs. Kedric Brown, (he's financial attache of the Liberian Embassy); and Mrs. Victoria Grimes, widow of Chief Justice Grimes of Liberia; Mesdames Mary Church Terrell, Jeannette Nickens; Mr. and Mrs. Samuel C. Jackson, Joseph Harris, Harvey Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. John Pinkard, Mrs. Helen W. Tillman, N. W. Henry J. Booker of here is the Oberlin-trained director. Such hustling among the Music Festival queens! There's a round trip ticket to Chicago, a complete ensemble, and even a fox chubby that three ticket-sellers will pick up Sunday, September 30, at Griffith Stadium. Other prizes too, donated by philanthropic firms to further the cause of the National Negro Opera Company, will be awarded. Mary Cardwell Dawson heads the Company. Tonight (Friday) is John Hall's hour at Metropolitan AME Church. The tenor will sing under the auspices of the Pulpit Club of which Mary. J. Tolan is president, Carrie R. Grant, secretary; and the Rev. G. D. Robinson, minister. Charming Elaine Jenkins, president of Alpha Wives is home again after 17 days in Denver where home-towners rolled out the plush rug for her and Hubby Howard. But she wasn't in town any time before she started to to round up Alpha Wives to help in the Sunday affair that Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity will stage in honor of Dr. and Mrs. Rayford Logan. PEYTONS ENTERTAIN In compliment to their houseguest, Mr. And Mrs. Fred Bell of Memphis, Tennessee, Mr. and Mrs. William L. Peyton of Just Street, N. E., were hosts at an informal party. There were television shows, quizzes, chances to tell tall tales, simply sit round and chat, or walk to the buffet table so daintily spread. Among the quiz-winners was Chicago's cute Mrs. Cotton, who with her husband, Elmer, is visiting Mr. Cotton's father, B. J. Cotton, and other relatives. Other guests included Mr. .and Mrs. W. Crim Harris; Mesdames Margaret Gibbs, Ruth Smith, Mary Fowler, Lucille Duke, Beulah Young; E. W. Harrison; Mrs. Harriet Lane, Chicago. ABOUT YOU AND YOU A busy two-some round town these days is Capt. and Mrs. Joel Adams, he Information Officer, Selective Service, she, supervisor of social workers in a new Army Hospital program. Mrs. Gibbons, wife of Professor Ira, of the Howard University faculty, back from Hyannisport, Mass. (Cape Cod), and looking ever so well. The poor teacher himself was figuring in a workshop at Catholic University, the while. Dr. Merze Tate of the Howard University faculty, back from a year's stay in India and other countries, and arriving just in time for the Terrell birthday party. Miss Camille Nickeson of the University's Music Department is in town again after a stay in New Orleans and other points. . . And still thinking of the Howard University faculty, there's Louia Vaughn Jones, master violinist, telling about his home-towning in Ohio, while his charming Mrs. was seeing her parents in Seattle. Since Capt. James W. Jones is not the new Art Department head, Divisions 10 to 13, D.C. Schools, and since summer nights will soon be a dream, here's hoping Mrs. Jones will celebrate her Captain's promotion by wearing that lovely white black-trimmed thing to another big reception. To lay that dress away in lavender ere she waits to oblige, would help a lot of us miss a treat. Large hearts beat in the breasts of Bureau of Engraving gals. Carolyn Greene for instance, phoned thusly the other day: "Your sister Violetta Travis says take today's hamburger dinner out of the deep freeze, please." Sis was extra busy that minute, so "Carrie" made the call. The glamorous Angela McIntyre is finding Atlantic City ever so restful these days. She'll be rushing home soon or else she'll miss the Jolly Dames' opening fete. Mr. and Mrs. C. D. Brown of New York are visiting relatives, Mesdames M. B. Wallace and Rosa Scott, and Miss E. W. Brown. Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Miles home from New Hampshire where they entered Junior in Phillips Exeter Academy. Smart young Ted won a scholarship at Banneke[n?] Junior High. If, as 'tis said, the way to a man's heart is through his stomach, then 13th Street's Lelia Thomas, "aint" apt to hold her widow status long. For, coupled with a charming manner and a marvelous hat-knowhow, Lelia can make a lemon pie that's a wow! Mrs. J. Franklin Wilson, following today's craze for gray, looked ever so smart Sunday last in bead-trimmed gray dress, matching hat and harmonizing jewels. Mrs. Walter Williams' gray suit got its glamour-accent from a tangerine-banded green hat, and Mesdames Anna Hawkins, daughter of the late Rev. J. A. Taylor, and Samuel C. Jackson, wife of "White House Jakcson" who retired after 41 years of service, added dignity to their blue-gray suits by topping their silver locks with little black bonnets. Among those enjoying the reception at the Willard Hotel for Lester Granger, new president, National Conference of Social Work, was Mrs. Raymond B. Thomas Sr,. herself, an authority in social service fields, having served as superin- Byars, Howard Thomas, Walter Williams; also Archdeacon James K. Satterwhite, Jacksonville, Fla.; Mesdames Niki Keets, Emory B. Smith, Mamie U. Foster, Ethel Grubbs, Kathryn Brown, Alpha Jones, Justine Maloney, Dorothy Porter, Norma Bacchus, Anna Foster Porter, Harriet DeMond, Aurelia Ferguson, Alfreda Taylor, Madge Hurst, Louise Pack, Bertha Collins, William Bauduit, Selma Gordon; Mesdames Fannie Douglas, Mary E. C. Gregory, William Stuart Nelson, Charlotte Pinkett, Ruth Poindexter, wife of Col. Hildrus, now in Liberia; Doctors Margaret Butcher, Merze Tate, Gertrude Rivers; Misses Camille Nickerson, Kay Wallace, Kate Sheppard, Naomi Rushing, Jeannette Carter, Aurelia Roberts; Jesse O. Thomas, E. W. Harrison and Col. West A. Hamilton. Also looking pretty, and doing much to help entertain the guests were Mesdames Rutledge Brown and Alice Charleston Trigg and Phyllis T. Langston, daughter of Mrs. Terrell. A SNAKE BITES Dr. Raymond B. Thomas Jr., hero in his day of camping, fishing and similar expeditions, has wandered, unbitten in many snake-infested areas, but Monday last in his ow back yard, with Neighbor Frank Coleman looking on, the popular Dr. Thomas was bitten by a snake. The reptile paid with his life for his daring visit to the Thomases' lawn, and the dentist, after an hour or so in a hospital room, was pronounced "out of danger." POET IN SHILOH Sunday ushered in anniversary time for Shiloh Baptist Church. The Rev. E. L. Harrison, pastor, left Texas where he's temporarily serving as president of Bishop College, to help celebrate the church's 88th Natal Day. The Martha M. Waldron Women's Club, Olive L. English, head, stole the whole day's show. They conducted a forum on the theme "Faith of the Past, Present, and Future," Josephine C. Smith, Earlene Sampson and Marjorie Buchanan were speakers. They served dinner to hundreds, and while dining, they let Ella Pitts bring a glad "hello"; Bertha Monroe, sing, and Mae Gunn, read. Helen Stokes hand out corsages, and Martha M. Waldron, Mary Styles, Amelia Smith, Rebecca Locksley, John S. Brannon say "Thank you" for honors extended on account of 35 years or more service in the church. Wilhelmina Williams, Josephine Smith, Barbara Fisher, Anna Whitson and others helped in various ways. But topping all was the poem that President English wrote and Oscar Walden set to music: "All hail to thee, dear Shiloh, May thy Laurels ever glow With faith and love from Heaven above Eternally to grow. God grant us strength to serve thee, Thy love that has brought us to see The blessings abounding throughout the way To guide us over the lea. We sing to thee, dear Shiloh; Our fountains of praise overflow; Our hearts do we pledge with fealty To serve thee here below. Blest be the saints of yesterday Who toiled without dismay; May Shiloh's bulwarks ever stand To give truth to this lay." Seen here and there at the luncheon were: Mrs. George Stevenson, wife of the first secretary of the Liberian Embassy, and daughter, Gwendolyn; Mr. and Mrs. Kedric Brown, (he's financial attache of the Liberian Embassy); and Mrs. Victoria Grimes, widow of Chief Justice Grimes of Liberia; Mesdames Mary Church Terrell, Jeannette Nickens; Mr. and Mrs. Samuel C. Jackson, Joseph Harris, Harvey Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. John Pinkard, Mrs. Helen W. Tillman, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Reid, Dr. Theodore George and Miss Wilhelmina B. Patterson. CAN'T WAIT PHRASES It'll be Belasco USO soon instead of Belasco Theatre. Among those mobilizing hostesses for same, are Mesdames Kenneth E. Banks, Jessye M. Harshaw, Lottie B. Brooks, Marie K. Wells, Williah D. Taylor, Erma B. Cornish, Ruth Hoffman, Ida C. Robinson, Gertrude H. CONTinued from mac 3 . . gal. 99 Simms, Mildred Fortson; Dr. Euphemia L. Haynes; Misses Lois to the buffet table so daintily spread. Among the quiz-winners was Chicago's cute Mrs. Cotton, who with her husband, Elmer, is visiting Mr. Cotton's father, B. J. Cotton, and other relatives. Other guests included Mr. and Mrs. W. Crim Harris; Mesdames Margaret Gibbs, Ruth Smith, Mary Fowler, Lucille Duke, Beulah Young; E. W. Harrison; Mrs. Harriet Lane, Chicago. ABOUT YOU AND YOU A busy two-some round town these days is Capt. and Mrs. Joel Adams, he, Information Officer, Selective Service, she, supervisor of social workers in a new Army Hospital program. Mrs. Gibbons, wife of Professor Ira, of the Howard University faculty, back from Hyannisport, Mass. (Cape Cod), and looking ever so well. The poor teacher himself was figuring in a workshop at Catholic University, the while. Dr. Merze Tate of the Howard University faculty, back from a year's stay in India and other countries, and arriving just in time for the Terrell birthday party. Miss Camille Nickeson of the University's Music Department is in town again after a stay in New Orleans and other points. . . And still thinking of the Howard University faculty, there's Louia Vaughn Jones, master violinist, telling about his home-towning in Ohio, while his charming Mrs. was seeing her parents in Seattle. Since Capt. James W. Jones is now the new Art Department head, Divisions 10 to 13, D.C. Schools, and since summer nights will soon be a dream, here's hoping Mrs. Jones will celebrate her Captain's promotion by wearing that lovely white black-trimmed thing to another big reception. To lay that dress away in lavender ere she waits to oblige, would help a lot of us miss a treat. Large hearts beat in the breasts of Bureau of Engraving gals. Carolyn Greene for instance, phoned thusly the other day: "Your sister Violetta Travis says take today's hamburger dinner out of the deep freeze, please." Sis was extra busy that minute, so "Carrie" made the call. The glamorous Angela McIntyre is finding Atlantic City ever so restful these days. She'll be rushing home soon or else she'll miss the Jolly Dames' opening fete. Mr. and Mrs. C. D. Brown of New York are visiting relatives, Mesdames M. B. Wallace and Rosa Scott, and Miss E. W. Brown. Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Miles home from New Hampshire where they entered Junior in Phillips Exeter Academy. Smart young Ted won a scholarship at Banneke[r?] Junior High. If, as 'tis said, the way to a man's heart is through his stomach, then 13th Street's Lelia Thomas, "aint" apt to hold her widow status long. For, coupled with a charming manner and a marvelous hat-knowhow, Lelia can make a lemon pie that's a wow! Mrs. J. Franklin Wilson, following today's craze for gray, looked ever so smart Sunday last in bead-trimmed gray dress, matching hat and harmonizing jewels. Mrs. Walter Williams' gray suit got its glamour-accent from a tangerine-banded green hat, and Mesdames Anna Hawkins, daughter of the late Rev. J. A. Taylor, and Samuel C. Jackson, wife of "White House" Jackson" who retired after 41 years of service, added dignity to their blue-gray suits by topping their silver locks with little black bonnets. Among those enjoying the reception at the Willard Hotel for Lester Granger, new president, National Conference of Social Work, was Mrs. Raymond B. Thomas Sr., herself, an authority in social service fields, having served as superintendent of the National Training School for Girls, here. Quogue, that enchanted ;and not too far away from New York, holds much charm for the gracious Christine Davis, clerk of the House Expenditures Committee, where she and Major Steve have a home. In town after a session at Rehoboth, N.J., are members Tom Parks, Doctors Ackiss and W. Henry Greene of that so-mysterious club "H.M." The meanies won't say what "H.M." stands for. We'll find out or else. TESTIMONIAL PRINCIPALS- The third annual testimonial dinner of the Bloomingdale Civic Association, Inc., was held at Baldwin Hall, Howard University, last week, with Municipal Court Judge Armond W. Scott as guest speaker. Here Judge Scott congratulates Mrs. Jacqueline A. Cuney, an honoree, while looking on are Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Mrs. Minnie L. Wright, Dr. Paul Cooke, all honorees, and Atty. Barrington D. Parker, president of the Civic Association. - Cabell Photo. [*Pittsburgh Courier March 29, 1952*] [*Pittsburgh Courier - March 29, 1952*] Blasts Uncle Toms Radio, TV 'Clowns' In Fiery Address Blasting double crossing "Uncle Toms," "Me Too Leadership," and the "Negro buffoon who always plays the part of a monkey," Municipal Court Judge Armond W. Scott Friday night attacked the "swinging sacred music as a disgrace and an insult to the Christian religion." "Why some of the churches are 'swinging' all their sacred music." Judge Scott with indignation told more than 350 persons attending the third annual testimonial dinner of the Bloomingdale Civic Association in Baldwin Hall of Howard University. "It's a disgrace," the justice said, as he blasted radio stations which are always featuring on their programs church groups which "swing their sacred music," or play recordings of singers who "swing the spirituals." "We ought to be aroused by this unfavorable impression of our group on the radio," he said. In a sweeping denunciation of things which are retarding the Negroes' progress, Judge Scott denounced radio and television programs which show the Negro as "slick, lazy, stupid, and indifferent: Negro entertainers who play the parts of buffons and "double-crossing Uncle Toms who have for too long sold the race down the river." * * * HE URGED that these things be "relegated to the scrap heap of ante-belum days" and called for "red-blooded men and women to join in a crusade for fairplay for all Americans." Judge Scott's address climaxed the presentation of citations to four persons for "outstanding community work" by the Bloomingdale Civic Association, whose president, Atty. Barrington D. Parker, presided. Honored were Mrs. Jacqueline A. Cuney, a veteran member of the association, whose citation was presented by Guy Tinner; Mrs. Minne L. Wright, another veteran member of the group and Eastern Star leader, whose citation was presented by W. A. Haynes; Dr. Paul Cooke, Miner Teachers College associate professor and civil rights champion, whose citation was presented by Lieut. Col. Robert L. Pollard, and Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, octogenarian leader and educator, whose citation was presented by Mrs. Jane W. Burton. A huge basket of flowers was presented to Mrs. Terrell on behalf of the Kelly Miller Junior High School, of which Mrs. Muriel M. Alexander is principal. Music at the dinner was rendered by Don't Go On Hearsay Learn from the Church Itself What Catholics Believe Free Instruction Monday and Friday, 7:30 P.M. No Obligation to Join St. Augustine Church 1717 Fifteenth Street, N.W. DU. 3596 [*Afro, Feb. 18, 50*] Pearlie's Prattle By Pearlie Cox You couldn't "split infinitives," Sunday last, or otherwise "bust" the English language, because there were too many learned ladies around. With Truth Hall, Howard University, the meeting place, the Howard University Faculty Wives Club, Mrs. Alvin Robinson, head, was honoring Morgan State College's Faculty Wives at a coffee hour. Beginning the hour was the welcoming speech of President Robinson, the charming Jacquie looking ever so well in print. Next came "Thank You" in return for corsages received by Mesdames Mordecai Johnson and Martin Jenkins, wives of the presidents of Howard and Morgan, respectively. Morgan's trustees had interesting representation too, Mrs. Vashti Murphy, wife of the AFRO- AMERICAN Newspaper chain head, Carl Murphy, talking for the trustees' wives. Officers of the Howard Wives' Club include, Mesdames Robinson, Maude Price, Aurelia Franklin, Claudia Grant, Helen Gray, Charlotte Thomas, Adeline Smith, Laura Clarke, Executive Committee Members being Mesdames Myrtle Hansberry, Hilda Howard, Vivian Taylor, Thelma Whitehead. All took bows, as did former presidents Mesdames T.J. Anderson, James A. Porter, William Stuart Nelson, James E. Roberts, William Leo Hansberry, William J.Madison, Charles Thompson, the last-named being the first president, said a pretty speech for the rest. Mrs. Mordecai Johnson is the Honorary President. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, who a few hours before, had talked over Station WOOK, on "Frederick Douglass," spoke briefly. Mrs. Frank Wilson, wife of Howard's new dean of the School of Religion, gave piano renditions; Sarah Purcell did a bit of singing, as did Charles McDonnell, Miss Ramona Baskerville, accompanying both. The Howard University Students' ensemble, Miss Stovall, directress, also won much applause, the guests having to thank Dr. Louia Vaughn Jones for the students' offerings. The Baltimore group included, in addition to Mesdames Jenkins and Murphy: Mesdames Marguerite Grant, Nellie M. Warrington, Beryl Williams, Geraldine Delaney, Cyril Atkins, Isabelle McConnell, Flossie DeMond, Alexander Walker, Bernice Coleman. Mesdames Althea S. Cornish, Helen Baker, Carrington Davis, Rubye C. Gill, Gwendolyn Lee, Gaynelle Spaulding, Vernice B. Brandon, Edward E. Lewis. 'Twas a pretty affair, the menu repeating the holiday note, the committee wearing gardenias, and every guest getting a valentine. Mesdames William J. Bauduit and Russell Dixon, poured tea and the committee, headed by Mrs. James E. Roberts, who also presided, included, Mesdames Claude Cowan, Elbert Cox, Marie J. Madison, Howard Payne, Andrew K. Roberts, Ira Warf and Lucius E. Young. Seen here and there were Mesdames Calvin LeCompte, Daniel Ray, John Hope Franklin, Catherine Brooks, A.D. Carr, Mark Fax, Elmer Wiggins, G.L. Washington, Darnley Howard, Louia Vaughn Jones, Theodore Pinkney and Walter S. Burke. CAN'T WAIT PHRASES Mrs. Alice C. Hunter, only non white member of the D.C. Board of Recreation; member of 27 or more civic committees; and already honored by several organizations, including the Barristers' Wives, will be an honoree again, not too many days away. Dynamic Rosebud Thomas, wife of Dr. Raymond L. Thomas, Sr., and former superintendent of the National Training School for Girls, is a Howard University teacher now, being social work consultant of the Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine. Noting the date of this paper, you can safely say that the Bachelor- Benedict Club, (ringleader, Frank Davis) and their guests are snoozing this very hour, having barn-danced till early a.m. Dr. Benjamin Spock, eminent psychiatrist, author of "Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care," and director of Rochester, Minn., Mental Health Clinic, will give a free lecture Monday at 8 p.m., at the Department of Interior Auditorium, subject, "What is Mental Health for Children?" Judith Ann, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Tanner McMahon, who was christened Sunday at S [*Atlanta Daily World - Sat - Nov. 29, 1952 WOMAN OF THE YEAR- Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Pioneer in Social Movements, for her faithful years of enlightened, unselfish militant service for American minorities and specifically for her courageous leadership during the year of 1952 in removing the barriers of racial segregation in the Nation's Capital. Mrs. Terrell was honored at the Banquet of N. C. N. W. and presented by Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune. Washington Times-Herald C.- SUNDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1952 Feted on Birthday (Times-Herald Staff Photo) Dr. Mary Church Terrell is shown yesterday at a luncheon honoring her 89th birthday. DR. TERRELL, 89, IS PAID TRIBUTE ON HER BIRTHDAY _________ 500 Attend Luncheon For Segregation Foe Local civic groups joined yesterday with hundreds of friends and associates of Dr. Mary Church Terrell, in honoring the world- renowned Negro woman leader on her eighty-ninth birthday. More than 500 persons- white and Negro- were at the testimonial luncheon for the small, seemingly frail champion of women's suffrage and non-segregation. Mordecai W. Johnson, president of Howard university, praised Dr. Terrell for her many accomplishments, brought about "not by violence, but by patience, quietness and gentle persuasion." Mrs. Clarence Swift, a former classmate of Dr. Terrell when the two attended Oberlin college during the 1870's, also spoke. The party was climaxed with the presentation of a gift of matched luggage to Dr. Terrell from the Coordination Committee for the Enforcement of the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws. This group, of which Dr. Terrell is chairman, was chief sponsor of the luncheon. [*Afro Sept. 22, 1951*] Page 16 Dr. Terrel to Be Honored With 88th Birthday Party By AL SWEENEY A mere statement of facts concerning the accomplishments of Dr. Mary church Terrell, whose 88th birthday will be observed with a gala party at the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity house Sunday, speaks far more eloquently than all of the adjectives in the dictionary. Needless to say, since the day that Dr. Terrell graduated from Oberline College during 1884, she has been a constant crusader for human rights. Here are a few of the milestones in the life of Dr. Terrell: In Europe 1887 — She returned to the United States after spending three years studying in Europe. She taught for two years at Wilberforce University And then became a high school teacher in the District of Columbia school system. 1895 — she became one of the first two women ever to be appointed to the District School Board. She served on the board for 11 years. 1896 — She assisted in the organization of the National Association of Colored Women. After serving many years as its first president, she was voted a life honorary chairmanship. 1898 — A leader in the fight for woman suffrage, she spoke to the annual convention of the National Woman Suffrage Association. 1904 — Representing the colored women of America, she spoke to The International Council of Women in Berlin. She delivered her address in English, German and French on the "Progress and Problems of Colored Women." 1909 — Assisted in organizing and became a charter member of the NAACP. 1932 — Dr. Terrell's name was placed on a list of Oberlin College's most famous alumni and alumnae. Receives Citation 1940 — She received a citation for social service at the Women's Centennial Congress, New York. 1941 — Published "A Colored Woman in White World." 1946 — Wilberforce University awarded her the degree of doctor of letters. 1948 — She received a doctor of humane letters degree from Oberlin College and Howard University. 1950 — The national convention of the American Association of University Women, by vote of 2,168 to 65, ordered its District of Columbia branch to admit Dr. Terrell and to admit as members all university graduates regardless of race, color, or creed. In the same year, Americans for Democratic relation contributions. Latest Chapter Cited The latest chapter in the rich life of Dr. Terrell began during Sept. 1949, when the Co-ordinating Committee for the Enforcement of District of Columbia Anti-Discrimination Laws was organized. She accepted chairmanship of the committee and has worked tirelessly with the organization since it's beginning. The committee, which boasts over 1000 supporters, has rallied behind the spirited leadership of Mrs. Terrell. She has headed countless negotiations with restaurant proprietors, has lobbied on Capitol Hill, taken her place on picket lines and addressed hundreds of meetings in the interest of making the inactive discrimination laws work. Varied Attainments Lecturer, author, linguist, world traveler, educator and leader are the fields that Dr. Terrell has conquered. She is interested in achieving one more victory and that is to see the anti-discrimination laws of 1872, which have been declared valid by the Municipal Court of Appeals, enforced. The citizens of the District salute a truly great woman of the world. [*Courier Nov. 25 1953*] Washington Pipeline . . . By Stanley Roberts WASHINGTON — His nation-wide legal friends and associates will be interested in a testimonial dinner in honor of Judge Andrew Howard at Washington National Airport sponsored by D. C. Bar Association Nov. 20. * * * Seeking Republican support for a job on the contemplated new Government Contract Committee executive staff, Howard Rosen, assistant professor of political science at Hampton, has been in and out of town. * * * In response to many requests reaching the Courier for sources here of material for research, writing and background information, write to Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Some ninety-eight million pieces of literature are yearly but lists and prices can be obtained on request. This little publicized source offers a wealth of information. Use it! * * * D. C. Frontier's Club has lined up new Negro members of the Republican Administration to have a look at and hear one at each Tuesday luncheon meeting. Opening session last week heard Val Washington of National Committee . . . This week it's Atty. Scovil Richardson of the U. S. Parole Board . . . Next it's E. Frederick Morrow, Minorities liaison man on Ike's campaign train, now Advisor on Business Affairs in Department of Commerce . . . Incidentally, Morrow's first public appearance since joining Government was at the National Negro Business League Atlanta convention early this month. Newest attack on Washington segregation is against Columbia Institution for the Deaf. Americans for Democratic Action point out that the segregation is not required by law and could be changed by a stroke of Commissioner Sam Spencer's pen. * * * Mamie Eisenhower delights the women's organizations visiting here by her frequent entertaining and White House perceptions. Naturally, women visiting Washington (and men, too) like to go back home boasting of shaking hands with the President's wife. She is getting good advice on her public relations among Negro women. For instance, for reading at Mary Church Terrell's ninetieth birthday party she took time, in her own handwriting, to congratulate the old warrior who has been recently identified with breaking down restaurant and theater jim crow here. Wrote Mrs. Ike: "Dear Mrs. Terrell: It is a great pleasure for me to join with your host of friends in sending my most sincere congratulations to you on the occasion of your ninetieth birthday on Oct. 10. You should have great pride in your life of service and self-sacrifice and great satisfaction in your scholastic achievements as you look back over the years and the countless honors accorded you. Cherished memories of family and friends will bring you pleasure. My best wishes to you for many more years of continued happiness and health . . . Mamie Dowd Eisenhower." * * * Also when the Executive Committee of the National Council of Negro Women was received at White House last Thursday two ladies who played an important part in the election of her husband, Mrs. Daisy Lampkin and Mrs. Jane Morrow Spalding, led the line into Mamie's receiving room and posed for pictures with her, all this at her special request. * * * The late Charles Houston, great civil rights lawyer, had a browsing room contributed by the Barrister's Wives, dedicated to his memory Sunday in the Baker's Dozen Youth Center. Committee includes Mmes. Wesley S. Williams, Barrington D. Parker, Richard R. Atkinson, William B. Bryant, Wayland McClellan, Hubert B. Pair, Richard E. Washington and Maurice R. Weeks. * * * Sidney J. Phillips, president of Booker T. Washington Birthday Memorial (Virginia), sent along some clippings of his highly readable weekly column in The Tribune published at Roanoke. Phillips actively supported Thomas B. Stanley for Governor. Stanley, a Democrat, won. Watch for the astute Phillips playing an active and decisive part in Virginia political affairs. * * * Creation of a Permanent Federal Commission on Civil Rights, with an adequate budget and staff, has been called by Senator Hubert H. Humphrey (D., Minn.). He said that he urged establishing such a commission as a supplement to, rather than a substitute for, eventual enactment of an effective equal opportunity employment legislation. He described his commission plan "as a possible first step in the direction of further Federal legislation." [*Aug 1952*] On the Picket Line; Relaxing and Reading; Out To A Social Function "Bring The Girl Up Right" This is the story of Washington's busiest woman, who will be 89 next month and who started her career by running away from home to work — .. Meet one of the Nation's Most Distinguished Women Still Active at 89. By JOHN JASPER "Bring the girl up right" was Grandpa Church's order to his son when the old man saw the child for the first time. Grandpa was accustomed to giving orders because he owned a fleet of steamboats with their homeport at Memphis. That grandpa was white made no difference in those days. Southern families were well mixed. Son Church was purchasing agent for his dad and Mary Church got to go to Oberlin. Men's Course There she found a two-year course for "ladies" and a four-year course for "gentlemen." Mary Church took the gentlemen's course. Oberlin, founded in 1833, was the first college to admit women. Mary Church was in Oberlin's 51st graduating class and earned her AB degree in 1834 and her master's degree in 1889. Later her school called her back to honor her as one of its 100 most illustrious graduates. In those days Father Church thought his daughter ought not work. So while some girls run a way to marry, Mary Church ran away to Wilberforce and became a schoolteacher. Disinherited Promptly she got a letter from her father disinherited and her completely. He stayed angry for a year, then they flew into each other's arms. Reconciliation became complete when Father Church took Mary to Europe for three years where she studied in France, Italy and Switzerland. Later her mother and her older brother Thomas joined them. Tom Church learned his law in the office of the celebrated orator and atheist Robert S. Ingersoll. His son, Thomas Jr., practices law today in Washington. To Washington Mary Church came East with two other Oberlin graduates, Ida Gibbs and Anna J. Cooper, at a time when Washington schools under Dr. John Francis were looking for college graduates as teachers. Mrs. church was assigned as assistant two Robert H. Terrell, teacher of Latin at M Street and an honor graduate of Harvard. She Married the Boss she married him and he rose rapidly to principal, civil magistrate, and judge of the municipal court. The two brilliant college young people made friends, and their home was the meeting place of the younger set. Mary Church, now Mary Terrell, had much to do besides raise two children, Mrs. Phyllis T. Langston of D. C. And Mrs. Mary Beaudreau of Los Angeles. She was an ardent worker for women's suffrage and the leaders saw to it that she was the first colored woman appointed to the City Board of Education. This was 57 years ago. She served 11 years. She is one of the founders of the National Association of Colored Women and its first president. She is proud of the constitutional limit of two presidential terms she inserted in its Constitution. 89 In September September 23, Mrs. Mary Terrell celebrates her 89th birthday. "How many organizations nearly 60 years old can say their first president is alive?" She wants to know. White-haired and fragile, Mrs. Terrell's vigorous voice and actions belie her years. She is cordial and friendly to visitors, with a ready good humor and wit which brightens conversation that is made fascinating by her bright mind and remarkable memory. At present she occupies a four-room apartment on the ground floor of the house her family formerly occupied in its entirety at 1615 S St., NW. Starts At 8 A.M. Her day normally starts at about 8 a.m. when she awakens and, as likely is not, ask out a letter or two on her typewriter, "because I know I'll be too busy later in the they get around to it." That she prepares her own breakfast — always the same: an egg, usually soft-boiled, postum, whole wheat toast, and always marmalade. By then her telephone has probably started ringing with calls that range from personal friends, through business affairs, to inquiries from newspaper writers and other persons with questions about her current preoccupation — ending jim-crow in D.C. restaurants. Dines Out between the telephone calls she reads her newspapers — two Washington dailies, and "of course the AFRO." For luncheon she'll take something very light, "probably just orange juice" because she dines early, usually she dines out — frequently at the American Veterans Committee clubhouse which is not far from her home. Her afternoons are spent on engagements — business or personal – or in working at sorting out the stacks of letters, manuscripts, and papers which she has promised to leave to a library (she won't tell which one). She may spend the evening reading — but she is just as likely to turn up in the audience at a play on Howard University's campus, or at a banquet or other function in the capital. Usually Mrs. Terrell spends the summer months at her home at Highland Beach, where she swims daily. The house is located next door to property originally owned by Frederick Douglas who urge them to become his neighbors. Hasn't Missed Anything In more than half a century in Washington she has not missed anything. Three times she has been sent to Europe to represent national women's organizations and on one occasion gave her speech in German and French because some foreign delegates complained say couldn't understand English. She is a charter member of the NAACP, supervised community camps in the first world war, worked with the YW and the YMCA. She found time to write a book, "A Colored Woman in a White World" in 1941, with a preface by H. G. Wells whom she had known while abroad. In 1946 she was honored at the 50th jubilee celebration of National Association of Colored Women, and Wilberforce University conferred upon her the degree of Doctor of Letters. In 1948 she received Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Oberlin College and from Howard University. Mrs. Terrell's celebrated tilt with the Washington branch of the American Association of University Women started in October, 1946, when she sought to renew her membership with the branch and was turned down because of her race. The District Court and the Appellate Court in D.C. upheld the Washington Branch of the AAUW in it's action, but this jim-crow victory was short-lived. Delegates to the national convention of AAUW in Seattle in June, 1949, voted to admit all qualified women, regardless of race, into the association. With the "re-discovery" of the statutes of 1872 and 1873 barring racial discrimination in D.C. restaurants, a Coordinating Committee for the enforcement of these laws was organized. Chairman Terrell Mrs. Terrell became chairman of this committee, and also became one of the chief complaining witnesses in the original test case brought in D.C.'s municipal court against Thompson's Restaurant. She was also a complaining witness in the appeal which won a favorable decision in the municipal court of appeals and which is now awaiting a decision in the U.S. court of appeals. Picket But the Coordinating Committee and Mrs. Terrell have not sat idly by and waited for the court's decision. Instead they have carried on an active campaign of picketing and negotiation to get owners of individual restaurants to open them to all races. Mrs. Terrell has marched into picket lines, taken part in conferences with restaurant owners or managers, and addressed scores of meetings in this endeavor. If Mary Terrell she likes Mary Church Terrell) wanted to live for memories alone, she could. She has had many, and the most distinguished Americans and foreigners have been proud to call her friend. H. G. Wells wrote an introduction for her book, Carrie Chapman Catt was her guide in suffrage work, Frederick Douglass was her neighbor at Highland Beach. Keep Going "I'd rather keep going then sit around thinking of the past," she said. "I do not move as fast as I used to but if I get there it's all that matters." These youngsters shown with Mrs. Mary Church Terrell at Highland Beach are, from left: Mary Lou Delaney, daughter of Dr. Theodore Delaney of Newark, N.J.; Nettie Douglas, granddaughter of Frederick Douglass, who was a friend of Mrs. Terrell and her husband; and Kellean Underdown. Aug. 5, 1952 AFRO MAGAZINE SECTION Mrs. Terrell Honored Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, 1615 3 st. nw., prominent Negro educator, has become the first woman of her race to be awarded the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters by Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, Mrs. Terrell, a graduate of the college in the class of 1884, was presented with the degree at the 115th commencement of the school on June 14. One of the first women members of the D.C. Board of Education, Mrs. Terrell also served as first president of the National Association of Colored Women and for a number of years was secretary of the Race Relations Committee of the Washington Federation of Churches. [...] and the custody of the infant child of the parties pending the outcome of her suit for a legal separation. Attorney Raymond Neudecker appeared for the wife. [*Star Hear 20 ?*] WILL ADDRESS STUDENTS. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell has gone to Massachusetts, where she will speak this week. She will address the students of Mount Holyoke College, the Liberal Club of Harvard College and also the students of Radcliffe College. FUNERAL DIRECTORS. MRS. TERRELL SPOKE LAST EVENING Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D.C., honorary president of the National Association of Colored Women, gave a lecture last evening before the German Department, Y.M.C.A., upon the negro question. Mrs. Terrell is as distinguished a representative of the women of the negro race as Booker T. Washington is of the men. Having graduated from Oberlin College, where she had an invitation to become a member of the faculty, but declined, she spent some years in Europe in study and travel, at Paris, Lausanne, Berlin, and Florence. She was the first colored woman to serve on the board of trustees of the Washington public schools, and also the first president of the National Association of Colored Women to which office she was elected three times after which she declined to serve further. SENATOR HUMPHRIES HEARD Already thrilled at being members of The Oldest Inhabitants Club, nearly three hundred men heard Senator Hubert Humphries, from Minnesota, wax ever so eloquent on "Dear America," Monday night at Odd Fellows Hall. It was Senator Humphries who insisted that the Civil Rights plank be included in the Democratic Party's platform. The young statesman was introduced by his uncle, William B. Humphries of the Library of Congress. Also featuring the annual ladies night celebration, was the naming of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell as the club's "Woman of the Year." There was music by the Quander sisters, Mrs. Eunice Taylor, singing, and Miss Ophelia, accompanying. Supper was served with Chester Atkinson and his big committee doing an extra-quick job. George Walton, for 27 years secretary of the group, was master of ceremonies. Officers include: William D. Nixon, president; Harry Cornell, William H. Burrel, William I. Lee, J. Howard Quander, Judge Armond Scott, vice- presidents; Frank McKinney, H.M. Smith, Alfred Selby, secretaries; J.N.F. Wilkinson, treasurer; the Rev. J.L. Pinn, chaplain; John J. Cole, marshal. Organized in 1912, only a few of the group's charter members survive, among them being William Prater and Harry Williams. Seen were: R.S.S. Bright of the Liberian Legation; Messrs. and Mesdames William Atkinson, Richard Hunt, William I. Lee, Harry Prater, Arthur Arrington, Cato Adams, Ernest Johnson, Allan Deans, James Johnson, William Baltimore; NACW TO HONOR DR. MARY CHURCH TERRELL WASHINGTON-(ANP)- The National Association of Colored Women will sponsor an honorary dinner on behalf of its first president, Dr. Mary Church Terrell, at the 17th and K. Street YWCA on October 17. Mrs. Terrell served as president of the NACW from 1896 to 1901 and has served as its honorary president ever since. She received both her Bachelor's and Master's degree from Oberlin college and is included among its 100 most famous alumnae listed in 1929. She was the speaker at Oberlin's one hundredth anniversary. She is the recipient of three honorary degrees, Doctor of Literature from Wilberforce university in 1946 and Doctor of Humane Letters from Howard university, 1948. In June, 1948, she also received the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters from Oberlin college. REPRESENTATION She has represented American colored women abroad at international conferences, including the International Congress of Women in Berlin in 1904, at which time she addressed the meeting in English, French, and German. In 1940, she received the citation for Social Service at the Women's Centennial congress in New York City. Mrs. Terrell is the author of "A colored Woman in a White World" published in 1940, also of numerous articles for magazines in England and the United States. She is the wife of the later Robert Heberton Terrell, first colored judge of the Municipal Court of the District of Columbia. The NACW is honoring its first president for her courageous stand in the fight for human rights. Mrs. Ella P. Stewart of Toledo, Ohio is president of the organization. [*Decatur Daily HeraId (Ill.) 8-1-02*] If the negro [pe???rs] of [?] [?] Ill., could have listened to the marvelous address of Mary Church Terrell at the Chautauqua Thursday they would surely have felt their insignificance. Mrs. Terrell is a credit to any race. She is able, scholarly and broad in her conceptions. Her lecture was almost classic in its diction and profound and convincing in its logic and sound in its philosophy. Those who heard Mrs. Terrell are unanimous in according her a place among the foremost orators and thinkers in America. [*Chicago Defender Aug. 31 1946*] Negro Author Recalls Friendship with H. G. Wells WASHINGTON -- (ANP) -- To Mary Church Terrell, Negro author and clubwoman the recent death of H. G. Wells was a sad event for it recalled to mind her long friendship the English novelist, historian and prophet of things to come. Wells, Mrs. Terrell said, did not acknowledge racial conflict as such, but viewed it as another fact of the ages old human conflict. He believed "the desire to extort some admission of our own superiority over other people seems to be ineradicable in the human family." It was in 1919, after attending the International Congress of Women at the Hague, that Mrs. Terrell made the first of several visits to the home of the author. Encouraged by Wells to write the story of her life during this visit, Mrs. Terrell finally did in 1940 under the title of "A Colored Woman In a White World." H. G. Wells wrote the preface. The novelist in his preface agreed with Mrs. Terrell that color antagonist was on the increase in America. He said it was due to a steady deterioration in general moral and intellectual quality parallel with the present collapse in Europe. Such a decline is necessarily accompanied by "a release of aggression, intolerance and original sin," the historian said. N. T. SCHOOL OUT OF DEBT Thus Announced Treasurer Mason at Commencement Thursday Morning The finals of the National Training School commencement are being held this week. The baccalaureate sermon was delivered Sunday afternoon by the Rev. P. James Bryant, D. D., pastor of Wheat Street Baptist Church, Atlanta, Ga.; subject: "Provisions of God, and Provisions of Man." His text was taken from Ezekiel 11:31-37. Sunday night at 8 o'clock Dr. J. E. Shepard, President, addressed the undergraduates on the subject, "The Proper Pitch of Life." A large attendance witnessed both exercises. Monday evening the annual musical by students of the music department was given in the auditorium of the school. Wednesday evening Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, of Washington, D. C., delivered the annual address before the Joint Literary Societies. Mrs. Terrell is one of the foremost platform lecturers of her sex within the race and drew perhaps the largest audience of any of the commencement speakers. Thursday morning at ten o'clock the commencement exercises proper took place. The commencement address was delivered by Dr. Minot C. Morgan, pastor Central Presbyterian Church, Summit, N. J. "A wonderful change has come in the life of the school," declared Mr. J. B. Mason, treasurer of the institution, in his annual statement. "Today there is not one penny due on the bonded indebtedness of the school and every cent of current expenses presented to me for payment has been met and as treasurer I can make the statement that the new board of trustees can now assume the property of the institution absolutely and with nothing due on the past school term. "There is in addition, in the hands of the treasurer, money for immediate improvements. However, during the coming year $17,000 will be needed for current expenses; for new buildings $56,000 will be needed, and for endowment $250,000." As the exercises were drawing to a close, Dr. Shepard made his annual announcements in which he told of the improvements that the institution hoped to make next year and of his wishes to raise a budget of $323,000. "The salvation and perpetuity of this institution," he said, "have been guaranteed by a noble woman and her wise and generous counsellor up in New York State." They gave much of the $50,000, with which all debts of the school have been wiped out. J. M. Avery, of Durham, was also a contributor. "In addition to these two friends and Mr. Avery, Gen. Julian S. Carr gives a donation of $1,000, the money for the paint and painting of our buildings was provided by Judge Elbert H. Gary and President Harahan, of the Seaboard Air Line Railway," the speaker announced. A message to the school from Gen. J. S. Carr, a president of the board of trustees of the school, dated at Kansas City, May 10, was read. Gen. Carr said in part: "It is my judgement that Dr. Shepard deserves the encouragement and assistance of every one in the community who is interested in the uplift and betterment of the colored race. We should show him a more substantial friendliness and give him and the school a more cordial and liberal support. MRS. CHURCH TERRELL [*Nov*] SPEAKS IN WISCONSIN [*Nov 4*] Nov 4 Mrs. Mary Church Terrell appeared on the program of the International Purity Conference which was held in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Mrs. Terrell so impressed her hearers that she was prevailed upon to make four extra speeches at the high and normal schools and two additional churches on the "Social Morality and the Negro Race." [*Wash Tribune*]] [*Star Oct. 5, 1952*] Mrs. Mary C. Terrell, Educator, Is Honored On Her 89th Birthday Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, noted colored educator, was honored on her 89th birthday at a luncheon yesterday in the Washington Hotel. Several hundred persons applauded as Mrs. Terrell was praised for her achievements by Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson, president of Howard University, and, by Mrs. Clarence F. Swift, a friend of the educator since they attended Oberlin College. Mrs. Terrell was graduated in 1884 and Mrs. Swift in 1883. Dr. Johnson emphasized in his address the strong fight Mrs. Terrell has made through the years against segregation in Washington and elsewhere. Honored by Colleges. "Here was one of the great women of the world who has triumphed over all manner of human handicaps and has been a power for good all over the world," the speaker declared. He pointed out that Mrs. Terrell was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Howard University in 1948. She also received that degree from Oberlin College the same year. The university president praised Mrs. Terrell for her present active fight against segregation in restaurants in Washington. He noted that she filed the original complaint against Thompson's Restaurant in 1950, which started the test case involving the validity of District laws passed in 1872 and 1873. The 1873 law, declared valid by the Municipal Court of Appeals last year, makes it illegal for any restaurant to refuse service to "a well-behaved person because of color.' A United States Court of Appeals decision is being awaited. Her Efforts Recounted. Mrs. Smith, a former president of the American Association of University Women, recounted how Mrs. Terrell's application for membership in the association in 1946 spearheaded an effort to end discrimination in the Washington branch. Mrs. Swift then presented Mrs. Terrell, widow of Judge Robert Terrell, first colored judge of the Municipal Court here, with a gift from her admirers. NOTED COMMUNITY LEADER HONORED--Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, 89 (left), is presented a birthday gift from a lifelong friend, Mrs. Clarence F. Swift, 90. --Star Staff Photo. Mrs. Terrell, who taught in the District high schools, in 1895 became one of the first women to be appointed to the Washington Board of Education. She served for 11 years. In 1896, she organized the National Association of Colored Women and was elected its first president. She represented women of her group at the International Congress of Women in Berlin in 1904; at the International League for Peace and Freedom, at Zurich, Switzerland, in 1919, and at a World Fellowship of Faiths in London, in 1937. She is the author of "A Colored Woman in a White World, published in 1941 with a preface by H. G. Wells. A BRIGHT WAY- This was one of the scenes at the fifth Christmas Cotillion held Dec. 30 in Philadelphia's Convention Hall. It shows the golden lantern bearers lighting the way for the "King of Dreams," star of the Cotillion fantasy. DIAMOND CROSS OF MALTA-Dr. Terrell 90, author, educator, and lecturer, receives the jewelled cross. Mrs. Robert L, Vann makes the presentation as judge Herbert E. Millen, president of the Philadelphia Cotillion Society, looks on. AFRO GOES TO A Philly Christmas Cotillion The Washington Afro-American January 9, 1954 Page 9 A BRIGHT WAY- This was one of the scenes at the fifth Christmas Cotillion held Dec. 30 in Philadelphia's Convention Hall. It shows the golden lantern bearers lighting the way for the "King of Dreams," star of the Cotillion fantasy. DIAMOND CROSS OF MALTA-Dr. Terrell 90, author, educator, and lecturer, receives the jewelled cross. Mrs. Robert L, Vann makes the presentation as judge Herbert E. Millen, president of the Philadelphia Cotillion Society, looks on. Page 9 BEAUTY PLUS TALENT ---These three young women were among the numerous beautiful and talented dancers who participated in the show. They are (left to right) Misses Marie Jemenez, Joyce Lacy and Barbara Bullock. AFRO GOES TO A Philly Christmas Cotillion The Washington Afro-American January 9, 1954 DRUM RHYTHM-- Here Miss Theresa Chanarris dances to beat of the brooding drums of Haiti. This scene was part of the vision of Queen Palete, beautiful young ruler in the Cotillion fantasy. COTILLION GUESTS--Consul Honoraire of Haiti Raymond Pace Alexander Mrs. Alexander and their daughter, Rae Pace. MR. COTILLION--Dr. Eugene W. Jones, author-director of the ballet-fantasy, "King of Dreams." He also staged previous productions of the Cotillion society. Cotillion's ballet—fantasy fed dance-starved audience By EDWARD H. GAINES PHILADELPHIA The Cotillion's ballet-fantasy fed a dance starved local audience here on December 30. Philadelphia, lacking in adequate dance performances, is in need of a coordinated schedule. During the past six months there has been less than six performances. At least three of them were given within a two-month period. The next six months will be even poorer. "King of Dreams" Such is the case and little improvement has been attempted. Then it stands to reason that Miss Peamon Enchanting Fay Peamon danced as Allahara, sorceress to the queen. Miss Peamon enchanted the audience with her freedom and grace. Being one of the city's better dancers, she makes too few appearances. This was Miss Peamon's only performance of the year. Joan M. Johnson, Betsy Ann Dickerson and Billy Wilson were most outstanding. These dancers won great applause for their work. Miss Johnson's past training has given her great confidence and is well reflected in her dancing. Vivienne J. Certaine's choreography was good and the John Hines company in top shape. (The company continues to function here during Mr. Hines appearances in Cuba.) The dances in this set could have been replaced with something much more effective. Feline Fantasy (Harris) Eleanor Harris danced as LaBelle Sauvage. Her performance was interestingly staged but lacked the fire and vigor of which she is capable. Miss Harris, who was ill, got out of bed to dance. This probably was why we did not see Judith Cuyjet and Frances Jeminez appeared with the usual brilliance they have shown in previous seasons. Miss Cuyjet reflects the cool competence of their mother. She quietly captured the audience and demanded attention as if the entire corps around her were merely props. Leigh Parham again gave us another exciting and fast moving ballet. Knightmayr music was from Stravinsky's "Firebird" and its costumes and decor by Frank Donnell. Mr. Parham danced the title role of Knightmayr. In this role BLACK PANTHER DANCERS--Part of the Caribbean dream festival scene, they are (left to right) Richmond Wilson, Gloria Higdon and Llewellyn Wimberly. Cotillion's ballet - fantasy fed dance - starved audience By EDWARD H. GAINES PHILADELPHIA The Cotillion's ballet-fantasy fed a dance starved local audience here on December 30. Philadelphia, lacking in adequate dance performances, is in need of a coordinated schedule. During the past six months there has been less than six performances. At least three of them were given within a two-month period. The next six months will be even poorer. "King of Dreams" Such is the case and little improvement has been attempted. Then it stands to reason that the ballet-fantasy, "King of Dreams," was most welcome. Eugene Waymon Jones' story was danced by 600 devotees of the art. It tells of a command performance by the king's subjects for a travel worried queen. "King of Dreams" ballet, one of four suites (Choreography-King; Pageant - Peamon) was the spectacular entrance of Queen Palete. Sydney King portrayed the role with stately charm and poise. Miss Peamon Enchanting Fay Peamon danced a Allahara, sorceress to the queen. Miss Peamon enchanted the audience with her freedom and grace. Being one of the city's better dancers, she makes too few appearances. This was Miss Peamn's only performance of the year. Joan M. Johnson, Betsy Ann Dickerson and Billy Wilson were outstanding. These dancers won great applause for their work. Miss Johnson's past training has given her great confidence and is well reflected in her dancing. Mr. Wilson is by far Philadelphia's leading young male dancer. Secure and ambitious, he projects warmth and sincerity in real classical form. However, as a choreographer his work lacks coordination and required integration. Up to this point every thing had moved along fine. Then suddenly, without warning or good cause, the Caribbean Festival of Dreams (Certaine) created a great let down. Vivienne J. Certaine's choreography was good and the John Hines company in top shape. (The company continues to function here during Mr. Hines appearances in Cuba.) The dances in this set could have been replaced with something much more effective. Feline Fantasy (Harris) Eleanore Harris danced as LaBelle Sauvage. Her performance was interestingly staged but lacked the fire and vigor of which she is capable. Miss Harris, who was ill, got out of bed to dance. This probably was why we did not see clarity and mastery of expression and rhythm typical of her past performances. Exciting Trio Knightmayr (Parham) presented Delores Brown as lead. Miss Brown displayed rigid discipline without sacrifice of comparative freedom. She has starred in several other major productions and during the past year had managed to make ever further improvement. Judith Cuyjet and Frances Jeminez appeared with the usual brilliance they have shown in previous seasons. Miss Cuyjet reflects the cool competence of their mother. She quietly captured the audience and demanded attention as if the entire corps around her were merely props. Leigh Parham again gave us another exciting and fast moving ballet. Knightmayr music was from Stravinsky's "Firebird" and its costumes and decor by Frank Donnell. Mr. Parham danced the title role of Knightmayr. In this role he presented many leaps and [?] with great strength and precision each step executed with authority. In this performance Mr. Parham injected his artistry and understanding of the [?] ballet. All four of the ballet's suites were new, Knightmayr being an outstanding success. There are some sketchy plans that Knightmayr may be presented as a complete ballet in the near future. BEAUTY PLUS TALENT ---These three young women were among the numerous beautiful and talented dancers who participated in the show. They are (left to right) Misses Marie Jemenez, Joyce Lacy and Barbara Bullock. NAACP GIFT - Walter White (left) executive secretary of the national NAACP, receives gift for that organization. Samuel H. Daroff, chairman, Pennsylvania Commission on Industrial Race Relations, and Mrs. White look on. DRUM RHYTHM - Here Miss Theresa Chanarris dances to beat of the brooding drums of Haiti. This scene was part of the vision of Queen Palete, beautiful young ruler in the Cotillion fantasy. COTILLION GUESTS - Consul Honoraire of Haiti Raymond Pace Alexander, Mrs. Alexander and their Daughter, Rae Pace. MR. COTILLION--Dr. Eugene W. Jones, author-director of the ballet-fantasy, "King of Dreams." He also staged previous productions of the Cotillion society. AT RECEPTION - These guests are (left to right) Floyd Butler, Atlantic City; Mrs. Mary Tisdale, Francisco S. Valez, consul of Ecuador; Richardson Dilworth, Philadelphia district attorney; Senora Valez, Jose B. Henriques, vice consul of Portugal, and Mrs. Butler. DESIGNER - George A. Meell of Bailey, Banks, and Biddle, designer of the cross presented to Dr. Terrell. with him is Mrs. Adalaide Ayles of Philadelphia. GUESTS - Mrs. Maybelle Samuels of Philadelphia is shown chatting with Honorable C.Th.R. van Baarda of the Netherlands embassy, and Mrs. van Baarda. GUY AND DOLLS - These three also were among Cotillion dancers. They are Joan Myers, Bill Wilson and Betsy Dickerson. BLACK PANTHER DANCERS--Part of the Caribbean dream festival scene, they are (left to right) Richmond Wilson, Gloria Higdon and Llewellyn Wimberly. "THEY MADE HISTORY" afro 2/16/51 [PICTURE] LANGSTON HUGHES Famous poet-novelist-playwright. [PICTURE] ADAM POWELL New York's first colored repre- sentative in U.S. Congress [PICTURE] JACKIE ROBINSON First Negro in Big League Base- ball. [PICTURE] DUKE ELLINGTON Nation's most famous composer and popular band leader for 20 years. Has composed 5,000 tunes [PICTURE] MARY CHURCH TERRELL First colored woman to be ap- pointed to a local Board of Edu- cation. [*1952*] LEADER - Dr. Mary Church Terrell, vital force among colored citizens, in Southland for meeting of National Association of Colored Women, which she helped found. AT 89 SHE BATTLES FOR RACE EQUALITY A Daughter of Slaves, Dr. Mary Church Terrell Has Waged Lifelong Fight for True Democracy Dr. Mary Church Terrell is an amazing woman. Her parents were children slaves of white fathers. She has fought for international understanding, for woman suffrage and for freedom of education to all Americans. Dr. Terrell, at 89, is a vital force in the leadership of America's colored citizens. There is one goal to which she is committed - that colored people receive the same basic opportunities other people have. Seeks true democracy "That is true democracy", she said while visiting the Southland to attend a meeting of the National Association of Colored Women. Dr. Terrell helped organize the association in 1896 and was its first president, serving for many years. In 1909 she assisted in the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Her brother, R. R. Church Jr., recently died. He was an important Republican leader in Memphis and gained fame battling Crump machine in Tennessee. Career Began in 1895 Dr. Terrell's public career began in 1895 when she and another woman were the first of her sex to be appointed to the District School Board of Washington, D.C. She served for 11 years. Her name, in 1932, joined the roster of Oberlin College's most famous graduates. She holds degrees of doctor of letters from Oberlin. Howard and Wilberforce Universities. Proudly she tells this story of hey origin: Her father, R. R. Church Sr., was the acknowledged son of a Mississippi River captain, owner of a fleet of river boats. His mother was among a group of Africans seized by pirates and brought to America where they were sold as slaves. segregated by race rather than integrated. Her husband, Judge Robert Heberton Terrell, who served on the Municipal Court bench in Washington, D.C, for 20 years, died in 1925. There are two daughters, Mr. Mary T. Beaudreau of 2956 Edgehill Drive and Mrs. Phyllis Langston of Washington, D.C. [*Pittsburgh Courier Nov 15, 1952*] [*On Front Page*] Woman of Year -Newest honor to come to the illustrious crusader, Dr. Mary Church Terrell, will come Nov. 15, when the National Council of Negro Women cites her as "Woman of the Year," with others in D. C. LEADER-Dr. Mary Church Terrell, vital force among colored citizens, in Southland for meeting of National Association of Colored Women, which she helped found. Times photo AT 89 SHE BATTLES FOR RACE EQUALITY A Daughter of Slaves, Dr. Mary Church Terrell Has Waged Lifelong Fight for True Democracy Dr. Mary Church Terrell is an amazing woman. Her parents were children slaves of white fathers. She has fought for international understanding, for woman suffrage and for freedom of education to all Americans. Dr. Terrell, at 89, is a vital force in the leadership of America's colored citizens. There is one goal to which she is committed-that colored people receive the same basic opportunities other people have. Seeks True Democracy "That is true democracy," she said while visiting the Southland to attend a meeting of the National Association of Colored Women. Dr. Terrell helped organize the association in 1896 and was its first president, serving for many years. In 1909 she assisted in the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Her brother, R. R. Church Jr., recently died. He was an important Republican leader in Memphis and gained fame battling the Crump machine the Tennessee. Career Began in 1895 Dr. Terrell's public career began in 1895 when she and another woman were the first of her sex to be appointed to the District School Board of Washington, D.C. She served for 11 years. Her name, in 1932, joined the roster of Oberlin College's most famous graduates. She hold degrees of doctor of letters from Oberlin, Howard and Wilberforce Universities. Proudly she tells this story of her origin: Her father, R. R. Church Sr., was the acknowledged son of a Mississippi River captain, owner of a fleet of river boats. His mother was among a group of Africans seized by pirates and brought to America where they were sold as slaves. Mother was a Slave The mother of Dr. Terrell was Louisa Ayres, slaver of her white father. "These are stories that are too often forgotten," said Dr. Terrell. "I am proud of having African blood in my veins. Africans have played an important role in history." Dr. Terrell says it is particularly harmful to American democracy that in the nation's capital, school children are segregated by race rather than integrated. Her husband, Judge Robert Heberton Terrell, who served on the Municipal Court bench in Washington, D.C., for 20 years, died in 1925. There are two daughters, Mrs. Mary T. Beaudreau of 2956 Edgehill Drive and Mrs. Phyllis Langston of Washington, D.C. Business Women to Open Sessions Outstanding business and professional women from every section of the country will participate in an educational conference sponsored by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women, during their executive session here. The dinner meeting at 8 p.m. Friday, March 30, will be presided over by Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson, national education chairman and head of the business education department of St. Paul Polytechnic Institute. Dr. Mary Church Terrell, honorary life member; Dr. Ethel Nixon, nationa[l] officers, and other outstanding guests will be presented. The conference is centered around the theme "Business Opportunities for Women in the Atomic Age." Fine Arts, Business Workshop A workshop on Saturday evening will center around a fine arts and business exhibition by Washington artists in these fields. Among participants will be Mrs. Alma J. Scott, Mrs. Arena Bugg, Mrs. Green, displaying ceramics. Miss Lois Jones, artist and professor of Howard University, will hang a few paintings. There will be a display of African art and commercial art by the Letcher Art School. The public is invited to all educational meetings at the Inspiration House, 1867 Kalorama Rd., N.W. 'Grand Lady' - A most recent picture of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, who dies at the age of 90 in Annapolis, MD., Saturday. Superb Leader - Before limiting her activities, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell kept busy in many different organizations. This is one of her earlier pictures. Mrs. Terrell Died Fighting WASHINGTON-David Rein, executive secretary of the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D. C. Anti-Discrimination Laws issued the following statement in regard to the death of Mary Church Terrell, chairman of the organization: "One thing consoles the members of the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D. C. Anti-Discrimination Laws in the death of our chairman, Mary Church Terrell. It is the knowledge that she lived to see the accomplishment of many of the objectives for which this committee was organized. "The end of discrimination in District restaurants, movie houses and hotels --- (Continued on Page 4., Col. 3) Life Chronology Hits Peaks 1863-Born during the year in which Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, Mrs. Terrell represented exactly the age of freedom for American Negroes. 1881-An 18 year-old girl, she was a guest at the inaugural ball of President James A. Garfield who, five months later was dead of an assassin's bullet. 1885-One of the first American Negro women to be graduated at the college level, she finished Oberlin (Ohio) College with honors. 1887-Completed two years of study in Europe. 1893-Noted that bias was growing in D. C., under Grover Cleveland's second term. 1896-One of the first two women and the first Negro women appointed to the D. C. Board of Education. 1896-Named president of the National Association of Colored Women at its first annual convention. (NACW is holding its fifty-eighth annual session in D.C. this week.) 1901-Her late husband, Robert H. Terrell, named to the D. C. Municipal bench by Theodore Roosevelt. 1903-Addressed international assembly of world women at Berlin and Zurich, Germany, speaking in English, (Continued on Page 4, Col. 1) BULLETIN The Frontiers of America, currently holding its national convention here, has awarded a $10,000 grand for vitiligo research studies to the Howard University College of Medicine. The award, presented at the organization's annual banquet at Raleigh Hotel, will finance a three-year study of the disease. Great Leader for Equal Rights Is Mourned in Death WASHINGTON-One of America's greatest women, Dr. Mary Church Terrell, relentless fighter for human freedom and equality, died Saturday at Anne Arundel General Hospital in Annapolis, Md., at the age of 90. Mrs. Terrell, who for more than sixty years dedicated her entire life to campaigning against racial discrimination, was responsible for many victories in the field of BEAUTIES AND "MR. REPUBLICAN" - No one needs explain why Val Washington, highest ranking minority official of the National Republican Party, is smiling in the above photograph. The Courier cameraman tapped him on the shoulder and asked him to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of Liberia by posing with (left to right) Miss Jane Elzey, Mrs. Rosemary Neusom, Miss Ginger Ann Rawley and Mrs. Elizabeth Tibbs at the recent 100th anniversary dinner at the Liberian Embassy. - Cabell Photo EXPECT 1,100 WOMEN DELEGATES Thousands Ready For 58th Annual Women's Parley According to Mrs. Carrie M. Hackley, local federation president and chairman of the convention committee, plans have been completed for the entertainment of 1,100 delegates and friends for the twenty-ninth biennial convention and fifty-eighth anniversary of the National Association of Colored Women, Inc., July 31 - Aug 6. Principal speakers will include the Hon. J. Ernest Wilkins, Assistant Secretary of State, and Atty. Maxwell M. Rabb, associate counsel and cabinet operations officer, the White House. Greetings will be given by Mrs. Julia West Hamilton, mistress of ceremonies; Mrs. Carrie Hackley, local federation [cut off] Courier AMERICA'S BEST WEEKLY VOL 45 - No. 31 FOUR SECTIONS PITTSBURGH, PA JULY 31, 1954 Member of Audit Bureau of Circulation PRICE 20 CENTS COPS SEEK LATIN LOVER NAC Leader, Body Mourn Mrs. Terrell Mrs. Harris Barrett Gaines, president of the National Association of Colored Women, says, "The cause for human equality has lost a stalwart advocate in the death of Dr. Mary Church Terrell, one of the founders of the NACW and its first president." EXPECT 1,100 WOMEN DELEGATES Thousands Ready For 58th Annual Women's Parley According to Mrs. Carrie M. Hackley, local federation president and chairman of the convention committee, plans have been completed for the entertainment of 1,100 delegates and friends for the twenty-ninth biennial convention and fifty-eighth anniversary of the National Association of Colored Women, Inc., July 31-Aug. 6. Principal speakers will include the Hon. J. Ernest Wilkins, Assistant Secretary of State, and Atty. Maxwell M. Rabb, associate counsel and cabinet operations officer, the White House. Greetings will be given by Mrs. Julia West Hamilton, mistress of ceremonies; Mrs. Carrie Hackley, local federation president; Mrs. W. Corrine Lowry, welcome address; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, first president, NACW; Mrs. Minnie Banks, vice president, American Legion Auxiliary; Mrs. Lula Lewis, International Grand Conductress, International Grand Chapter OES; Mrs. Vivian Carter Mason, president, NCNW; Mrs. Grace Hill Jacobs, vice president, YWCA; Mrs. J. Warren Hastings, president, UCS; Dr. Tomlinson D. Todd, Americans All; Mrs. Velma Williams; Elmer W. Henderson, Council on Human Rights; Eugene Davidson, president, NAACP; Dr. Margaret Just Butcher, Board of Education; Mrs. Dora Needham Lee, president, Northeaster Region; Miss Mayne Mehlinger, president, BPW, and Dr. Herbert Marshall, president, Civic Association. Mrs. Irene McCoy Gaines, na- ---- (Continued on Page 4, Col. 7) NAC Leader, Body Mourn Mrs. Terrell Mrs. Harris Barrett Gaines, president of the National Association of Colored Women, says, "The cause for human equality has lost a stalwart advocate in the death of Dr. Mary Church Terrell, one of the founders of the NACS and its first president." On one of Dr. Terrell's last official visits, she stated that women of color began to use clubs as a means of improving their racial condition, because they are progressive and courageous. The NACW has bestowed upon Dr. Terrell every honor within its power - - the coveted award of merit, a life membership as president- emeritus of the organization and its permanent representative in all organized efforts for human welfare. The last honor bestowed upon Dr. Terrell was the "Woman of the Year" 1954 award of Utility Club of New York and a donation of $200 to NACW, selected by Dr. Terrell as her favorite uplift organization. VOL. 45 - No. 31. FOUR SECTIONS PITTSBURTH, PA. JULY 31, 1954. [LOGO] 14 Member of Audit Bureau of Circulation PRICE 20 CENTS Great Leader for Equal Rights Is Mourned in Death WASHINGTON - One of America's greatest women, Dr. Mary Church Terrell, relentless fighter for human freedom and equality, died Saturday at Anne Arundel General Hospital in Annapolis, Md., at the age of 90. Mrs. Terrell, who for more than sixty years dedicated her entire life to campaigning against racial discrimination, was responsible for many victories in the field of civil rights. She was one of the organizers and charter members of the NAACP. One of her most noted achievements was the Thompson Restaurant Case, which Dr. Terrell along with two other persons instituted when refused service in a restaurant in 1950. Three years later the fight ended in a victory which opened the doors of restaurants to Negroes in the nation's capital. She was the widow of the late Robert H. Terrell, Municipal Court Judge of Washington, D.C., who died in 1925. The noted law school was named in honor of Judge Terrell. She was the sister of the late Robert R. Church, noted Republican leader and the aunt of Roberta Lee Church, who is currently minority groups consultant, Bureau of Employment, U.S. Department of Labor, one of the highest appointive jobs held by a Negro in the Federal Government. A NATIVE of Memphis, Tenn., Dr. Terrell was born the year that President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. After graduation from Oberlin College, she spent two years studying in Europe, returning to teach at Wilberforce University. In 1895, Dr. Terrell began teaching high school here, and was appointed one of the first two women, and the first Negro woman, to serve on the District School Board. The next year, she organized and became the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, a group about which she often remarked, "It's not often you find an organization almost sixty years old with its first president living." She made certain she would not be its only president by limiting tenure to two terms. However, she was elected honorary life chairman. IN BERLIN, ZURICH and London, Dr. Terrell represented Negro women in their fight for equality. At the Berlin meeting, in 1904, she addressed the audience in English, French, and German. In 1909, she helped organize (Continued on Page 4, Col 3) $10,000 Gift Frontiers In Annual Big Week Eight special events were planned for the Frontiers of America during its thirteenth annual national convention to be held in the nation's capital July 28-31. The Frontiers, an organization of business and professional men in forty-three cities throughout the country, were expected to attend the meeting some 2,000 strong. According to George C. Fleming, convention chairman, the group was scheduled to be welcomed to the District by Commissioner Samuel Spencer at 9 A.M. Thursday and present the key to the city to Dr. Bernard Harris of Baltimore, president. Memorial service was booked for the Lincoln Memorial on Thursday morning, followed by an afternoon meeting at the Dunbar Hotel, at which (Continued on Page 4, Col. 4) 'Innocent,' June Says By JUNE ECKSTINE HOLLYWOOD, Calif. - After the uncalled-for raid on my apartment here last week, it seems to me that the police are operating on a principle that you are guilty before it is proved. When they suddenly broke into my home, one of the officers rushed over to me and demanded: "O.K. June, you better tell me where the stash is." I answered: "I don't know what you mean." He said said that if I did not tell him, they would tear up the house. Then they proceeded to tear up the house. They actually found nothing. [photograph] JUNE ECKSTINE MY FRIEND for many years, Roberta Kahl - her husband is also a friend of Billy's - had just come over that evening for dinner. She was referred to in police reports as "blonde model" and "my roommate." This is not true. She is actually a housewife. And I have no roommate. I live alone. Also Bill Thornberg had just come over to measure my window pane. He was going to put in a window pane for me. Outside of my home a friend of Bill's was coming to see him. The police jumped on him in the dark and beat him. They tried to say that he swallowed something. He didn't even tell about the beating at the police (Continued on Page 4, Col.6) COPS SEEK LATIN LOVER Italian, 60, Kills Woman In Street (Special to the Courier) WEIRTON, W. Va. - This city of 25,000 people was shocked on Monday morning when it developed that Charles Ballato, 60, a well-known resident of the city, had, at 6:49 A.M., that day accosted and shot down the apparent object of his affections, Laura Bell, 50, and made good his escape. Weirton Chief of Police Padden informed the Courier, later in the day, that an extensive search was continuing, that the suspected killer was well known to practically every police officer in the city. Although actual details relative to the fatal gunfire waited official inquest, it was learned that Callato had intercepted the dead woman as she walked to her place of employment. The impetuous Callato, pressing the woman for some apparent type of affront or "spurning," caused her to dash into a nearby store and ask the woman proprietor to call the police "because this man is giving me a bad time." When she returned to the street, Callato, having noted that the proprietor was making a call, as directed, pulled his gun and shot the woman in the temple area of the head. She was pronounced dead on arrive at a local hospital. CHIEF PADDEN said there was no background or lead on the relationships between the (Continued on Page 4, Col. 5) [photograph] Charles V. Bush, 14, first Negro ever appointed a page boy to the U.S. Supreme Court, poses for Courier photographer in Washington, D.C., with his parents and sister, Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Bush and Ahlan, 7. - Cabell Photo Lad Boasts Fine Record Negro Page Boy For High Court WASHINGTON - The U.S. Supreme Court last week appointed the first Negro to serve as page boy. He is Charles Vernon Bush, 14-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Bush of Washington, D.C. His father is educational director of Howard University's Clarke Hall. The youngster will report for duty as one of four page boys to the Court on the last Monday in September. He could earn up to $2,700 a year. Young Bush's appointment was made by Court Marshal T. Perry Lippitt, with the approval of Chief Justice Earl Warren. Court officials said the boy will begin high school work in September at the Capitol Page School, the first Negro ever to attend this institution. Page Boys are constantly in view behind the justice when court is in session and perform very confidential duties. Supreme Court page boy assignments are highly coveted. Prominent lawyers attempt to pull high political strings for their sons to serve. For a teenager, it is comparable to the (Continued on Page 4, Col. 4) H.U. 'Frosh' Scholarships Hit $57,000 Undergraduate scholarships totalling $57,000 have been awarded to high school graduates who will enter Howard University as freshmen in September. Local students receiving scholarships are James Robinson, son of Mr. and Mrs. Francis Robinson, 732 Gresham Place NW, $500; scholarships valued at $213 were received by Margaret L. Briscoe, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas S. Briscoe, 4119 Illinois Avenue NW; Ruby Bonner, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. (Continued on Page 4, Col 6) Request 'Ike' Ask for Law On Traveling WASHINGTON - President Eisenhower was asked last week to make a "clear and certain call" for passage of legislation to end racial segregation in interstate travel. A telegram from officials of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, said a bill, which was approved by the House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee on July 21, could pass before the Eighty-third Congress adjourns. The wire was signed y Dr. Channing Tobias, chairman of the board; Walter White, (Continued on Page 4, Col 6) Association of Colored Women, Inc., July 31-Aug. 6 Principal speakers will include the Hon. J. Ernest Wilkins, Assistant Secretary of State, and Atty. Maxwell M. Rabb, associate counsel and cabinet operations officer, the White House. Greetings will be given by Mrs. Julia West Hamilton, mistress of ceremonies; Mrs. Carrie Hackley, local federation president; Mrs. W. Corrine Lowry, welcome address; Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, first president, NACW; Mrs. Minnie Banks, vice president, American Legion Auxiliary; Mrs. Lula Lewis, International Grand Conductress, International Grand Chapter, OES; Mrs. Vivian Carter Mason, president, NCNW; Mrs. Grace Hill Jacob's, vice president, YWCA; Mrs. J. Warren Hastings, president, UCW; Dr. Tomlinson D. Todd, Americans All; Mrs. Velma Williams; Elmer W. Henderson, Council on Human Rights; Eugene Davidson, president, NAACP; Dr. Margaret Just Butcher, Board of Education; Mrs. Dora Needham Lee, president, Northeastern Region; Miss Mayne Mehlinger, president, BPW, and Dr. Herbert Marshall, president, Civic Association. Mrs. Irene McCoy Gaines, an- (Continued on Page 4, Col. 7) NAC Leader, Body Mourn Mrs. Terrell Mrs. Harris Barrett Gaines, president of the National Association of Colored Women, says, "The cause for human equality has lost a stalwart advocate in the death of Dr. Mary Church Terrell, one of the founders of the NACW and its first president." On one side of Dr. Terrell's last official visits, she stated that women of color began to use clubs as a means of improving their racial condition, because they are progressive and courageous. The NACW has bestowed upon Dr. Terrell every honor within its power.. the coveted award of merit, a life membership as president-emeritus of the organization and its permanent representative in all organized efforts for human welfare. The last honor bestowed upon Dr. Terrell was the "Woman of the Year" 1954 award of Utility Club of New York and a donation of $200 to NACW, selected by Dr. Terrell as her favorite uplift organization. FHA Left "Holding the Bag" Private Interests Quit On Rhode Island Plaza By STANLEY ROBERTS WASHINGTON - A show place for hundreds of Negro visitors and a temporary transient home as well... the four-million dollar Rhode Island Plaza apartment house here has financially failed for lack of tenants. The 413-unit apartment, completed two years ago and one of the few here rented on an interracial basis, increased in prestige after Ike's election when so many of the new Negro appointees moved in. New GOP big job holders living at the Plaza include Register of the Treasury Louis Toomer, Commerce's E. (Continued on Page 4, Col. 4) [photograph] RHODE ISLAND PLAZA "FAILS" - The announcement that the swanky mass housing venture, Rhode Island Plaza, has failed, brought forth impressively the fact that the capital has entered a new phase with reference to gainful employment for the type of tenant who could afford the type of luxuries offered by the 413-unit structure. Ranging in rental prices from $67.50 to $125 per month, total resident occupancies never went beyond the 300 make. If returned to the Federal Housing Authority for future administration, the Plaza rental costs would take a sharp drop. Life Chronology (continued from Page 1) French and German. 1905--Advised by a café manager, near the spot where she was destined to bring suit forty-five years later, that "...we've decided not to serve the Negroes in any white restaurant, beginning as soon as your meal is finished." 1909--One of the original member-founders of NAACP, later to be named president of that organization. 1921--One of delegates to Congress of Women's International League for Peace. 1932--Listed among Oberlin College's most famous alumni. 1941--Her book, "A Colored Woman in a White World," was published with foreword by H. G. Wells, famed English author of "The Outline of History." 1949--American Association of College Women divided into two groups because of fractional resentment for her admission to that society. 1950-54--Led fight against race bias in many D. C. avenues of human relationships as president of the interracial Coordinating Committee for Restoration of the D. C. Anti-Segregation laws. 1949--Entered Childs Restaurant in D. C. and demanded service. When refused, she questioned the manager, "Do you know you are violating the Constitution of the United States?" The Supreme Court upheld her claim and abolished lily-whitism in D. C. restaurants within five years. Mrs. Terrell Died Fighting is, to a great extent, the result of vigorous campaigns Dr. Terrell helped plan and execute. "She died the morning after letters she had approved only a few days before were sent out to the managers of leading variety store chains in the city informing them that the committee's next concern was the end of discrimination in employment. "As members of the group Dr. Terrell led and inspired for five years, we know only one way in which to do homage to the memory of this remarkable woman. And that is to continue to work for the goal she always kept before us; a world in which an individual's color or religion or belief will never be used to proscribe his freedom or happiness." Mary Church Terrell Is Dead at 90 (continued from Page 1) and became a charter member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, a group with which she continued to work until shortly before her death, when her health After World War I, she served as delegate to the Congress for Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. In 1932, her name was placed on the list of Oberlin College's most famous alumnae. She published her autobiography, "A Colored Women in a White World," in 1941. Its preface was written by H. G. Wells. During the 1940s, she received honorary degrees from Wilberforce University, Oberlin College and Howard University. After a three-year fight, her membership in the Washington chapter of the American Association of University Women was reaffirmed in 1949, and the group ended its formerly discriminatory policies. The same year, she was honored by the Americans for democratic action for her work against segregation. LAST FALL, more than 700 persons gathered at the Statler Hotel to honor Dr. Terrell on her ninetieth birthday. Walter White, executive secretary of the NAACP, praised her this way: "She has breathed and fought valiantly for full equality for all human beings." For many years, Dr. Terrell spent the summer at Highland Beach, Md. She was at the resort with her daughter, Mrs. Phyllis Langston, who lived with her at 1615 S Street, Northwest, when her final illness overtook her. Also surviving are another daughter, Mrs. Mary Boudreaux, of Los Angeles, and a sister, Annette Church, of Stowe Hall, Howard University. BIGGEST and the BEST The Philadelphia Tribune SATURDAY, JANUARY 9, 1954 SECOND SECTION NINE On the Town by ed. r harris Regrets to Dorothy, Sylvia and Reggie of the Hawkins family in the death of their mother. Mrs. Elizabeth V. Hawkins, one of Philadelphia's fine persons. The Triangle Rod and Gun Club held election on Wednesday and Alonzo E. J. Dodson, one time member of the police force, was elected president . . . Committee arranging the installation ceremonies of the Citizens Republican Club planning a really special event for Monday night . . . Raymond Smith heads a new organization, the Old Timers. More about this interesting group next week. Gil Turner has decided that maybe he will purchase a plot and build a taproom from the ground up rather than bargain for a downtown emporium. . . . The 644th Combat Battalion now lists several white members. Its commanding officer, Major William Brittain, was one of the deputy inspectors sworn in Wednesday. . . . TV is coming to the Arena with Herman Taylor handling the local business. IBC will do the promoting. Taylor has been a hold-out against the invasion of TV into the local fight picture. Novel blotter musician Robert Hawkins has put out. Lists the telephone numbers of various services and utilities you might want in a hurry . . . Charles Baker is now acting in the capacity of head of the Department of City Property and may well be made permanent in that capacity. Tex McCrary, the TV personality, will be principal speaker at the annual Founders' Day dinner of Lincoln University Feb. 12 at the Bellevue. Commemorating the 100th anniversary, two annual Abraham Lincoln awards will be made. One will go to "Mr. Civil Rights," Thurgood Marshall, an alumnus of the university; and the other to McCrary, who as an executive of NBG has been instrumental in removing racial stereotypes from TV and radio. Tickets can be gotten from Attorney James K. Baker, regional director for the Alumni Association. You can hardly blame Mrs. Mary Cowdery, assistant executive director of the Bureau for Colored Children, if she can hardly get two words out sideways these days, she's that excited. Her granddaughter, Judith, wife of Clarence Coale of Hartford, gave birth to twins there, New Year's Eve. A boy and a girl, they are named Derrick and Sandra. Seems like several of the super markets in Upper Manhattan (Harlem to you) stocked hogs' heads for sale for New Year's Day feasting and more than one social leader was seen coming out of the places carrying a big, round package. Reading through that tremendously interesting book "The Romance of African Methodism," this caught my eye (it would). Seems the revered Bishop Daniel Payne, who had a tremendous amount of characters, was baptizing in a church and one of the supplicants came to the fount rather untidy. The good bishop took one look, rared back and said, "Go home and comb your hair. Do you think I'm going to lay my holy hands on those naps?" Good sequence in Pogo the other day, in case you missed it. Rabbit was looking for Turtle and Turtle was insisting that he was not Turtle. Finally Pogo explained that with the New Year Turtle had become a "new man." Whereupon Rabbit warned him, "You better watch out. Look what happened to that fellow you was last year." Turtle draws up haughtily and informs him, "When I got the new administration of me, I is inherited a mess." During the 11 years Howard Fermen, of 239 N. 58th st., has been working at the executive offices of Publicker Industries, Inc. on Walnut st., he has been spreading the word of good works being done by his folks and has interested many of the executives in the Negro community. When the Cotillion neared, Fermen, who is purchasing steward, invited B. A. Bergman, director of public relations and his friends to attend. The other day he got this letter: "I want to express to you my deep appreciation for the opportunity you gave me to be a guest at the Philadelphia Cotillion. It was a most impressive occasion and an unforgettable evening for me. I felt particularly privileged to witness the presentation of the Diamond Cross of Malta to Dr. Mary Church Terrell. Her life should be an inspiration to all Americans and it was indeed fitting that you should honor her so signally. I was also very much impressed by the work the Society accomplishes, therefore I am enclosing on behalf of our company a check for $100 as a contribution towards its many worthwhile activities." It was signed by Bergman. The check was turned over to the society last night by Mrs. Edythe W. Fermen, a worker with the group for four years. Los Angeles has a serious situation. As everywhere else, teen-age gangs are out of hand. The newspapers are being accused of taking advantage of the fact that the obviously Mexican names of some of those taken into custody can be used to raise race hatred. Letters to the editors' columns are filled with virulent letters that border on the "turn them over to us and we'll take care of them" type. Responsible citizens are seriously concerned that there is a real effort to deprive minority groups of rights they have acquired since the war years. The Washington Afro-American, July 31, 1954 THE AFRO AMERICAN OUR CREED We believe that America can best lead the world away from racial and national antagonisms when it accords to every man, regardless of race, color or creed, his human and equal rights. Hating no man, fearing no man, the Colored Press strives to help every man in the firm belief that all are hurt so long as anyone is held back. "We are Americans and, as Americans we would speak to America" --Frederick Douglass FOUNDED IN 1892 By John H. Murphy Sr. -- 1840-1922 Published every Tuesday and Saturday by the AFRO-AMERICAN Publishing Co., Inc. THOUGHT FOR THE WEEK An acre of performance is worth a whole world of promise -- WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS Mary Church Terrell Words are puny thing when it comes to memorializing a person like Mary Church Terrell. For her there should be music--strong, bright martial rhythms--or the graceful permanance of sculpted stone. Only a short time ago she was still busy among us-- leading picket lines, addressing meetings, bustling about briskly on her cane with a vigor and independence which belied her ninety years. Death was not unexpected at her age, but her passing brings a deep sense of loss to the city, the country and all who knew her. Spanning nearly a century, her years on earth were crammed full of the elements that make for rich and creative living. As a person, she was warm-hearted, tender and kind, interested in life and people and human affairs, blessed with a sense of humor and a keen wit. She had known the sorrows as well as the joys of motherhood and home-making and had been the trusted helpmate of a distinguished District citizen, Robert Heberton Terrell, who became a Municipal Court judge in the District. As a public figure, Mary Terrell was inspired early in life to join the continuing battle for freedom and dignity for all human beings. Founding the National Association of Colored Women back in the 1890's was only one of her many achievements in the long struggle for full rights for women in this country--a struggle which continued to interest her all her life. She also helped found t h e NAACP, worked in World War I, became active in politics, and was in great demand as a writer and lecturer during World War II. Advancing years did not slacken her public activities. She seemed to gain fresh strength from such latter-day contests as the battle against the color bar in the District A.A.U.W. and the can pay to her is a re-dedication of ourselves to the aims for which she gave such whole-hearted devotion. There were not many leaders like her, and in today's world we shall look in vain for the selfless zeal and high-hearted idealism which inspired her. May we never forget her qualities of sincerity and courage and perseverance. May we unceasingly strive to cherish these qualities as we pick up the torch she has laid down and carry it forward for the full freedom of all mankind Welcome to D.C. Washingtonians this week heartily welcome the delegates of two distinguished organizations which have chosen our city as the meeting-place for their respective national conventions. The Frontiers of America, founded 18 years ago, is composed of business men and dedicated to community service. A highlight of the Frontiers' session yesterday was the presentation of a cash grant to Howard University's medical school for research on vitiligo, a disease which causes the loss of skin color. The National Association of Colored Women is 40 years older than the Frontiers and has an impressive record of activity covering the years since it was founded in 1896. Among other projects , it has purchased and continues to maintain as a national Social Security By WILLIAM H. THOMAS Have you ever stopped to wonder just who draws social security in your community? In Washington there approximately 22,509 persons now receiving a portion of their living expenses as a result of contributions made while they were a part of the labor market. The people who administer the social security program have many occasions to talk with those who represent the broadest cross section of our national economy. And in so doing they are constantly being made aware of the human elements that are involved when we the people are confronted with financial crises. Each applicant has his story. The theme may be one of humble labor through long years, one of tremendous wealth, or perhaps one of sudden and tragic disaster. Story of June Wells The story of June Wells is typical. The name has been changed but the facts are true. Miss Wells filled her claim a year ago last fall after nearly 50 years of employment as a clerk. Prior to the enactment of the present Social Security Law she had little prospect of being able to retire. Her wages had always been in the lower brackets and she had never been able to accumulate enough in savings to consider actually stopping all employment. This had her worried for many years. As a further bar to her accumulation of savings, she had taken the job of helping to raise and niece and nephew. Therefore, at the age of 74, Miss Wells felt that prospect for retirement was at best very vague. So when she contracted the social security office it was more from curiosity than expectation of a solution to her problem. A Pleasant Surprise However, Miss Wells was pleasantly surprised when she was told that she would receive a payment of seventy dollars a month and that she could work part-time and earn seventy-five dollars a month. Also, she was informed that since she is now 74 years old, she can work full time beginning next year, if she wishes, and still receive her $75 a month from social security. Miss Wells is one person who has found a satisfactory answer to the problem of income in old age through the social security program. ---------------------------------------------- Speak THIS WEEK WE SALUTE "By doing things for others, I've reaped benefits myself." That is the philosophy of life of Mrs. Evelyn Morton, of 3817 Jay St., NE, which has made her beloved by Boy Scouts and hospital patients. Mrs. Morton, a former Howard University instructor, is den mother of Cub Scouts 517, sponsored by the Mt. Vernon Methodist Church 900 Massachusetts Ave., NW. Women's Auxiliary She is also a member of the Women's Auxiliary at Freedmen's Hospital, and devotes three days a week serving patients and visitors at the hospital as a member of the Visiting Control group. Mrs. Morton said she became interested in scouting when she faced a crisis in her own life, and had to make a choice of stagnating or "doing things for others." The energetic matron decided to do things for others! She volunteered to go to school for a six-week course in basics of scouting at Armstrong High School, about five years ago. Canvassed Neighborhood A member of Lincoln Congregational Church, located at 11th and S Sts., NW., Mrs. Morton canvassed the neighborhood for youngsters interested in forming MRS. MORTON a club group at the church. "I found it rewarding, " she said. "The boys filled a gap in my life." She served as den mother at Lincoln for three years, and has served at the same capacity at Mt. Vernon since mid-winter. Personal Charges At Freedmen's hospital, Mrs. Morton said she has about 15 patients whom she considers her "personal charges." "They are people who have either been confined for a long period of time or expect to be and people who didn't have families." Her duties as a member of the Visiting Control group include performing personal errands for patients and regulating the number of visitors to each patient. Howard Graduate A member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority, Mrs. Morton is a graduate of Howard University and received her M.A. degree from that University in 1941. An embryology major, she has taught at Princess Anne Teachers College, Md., and also in the zoology department at Howard for one year. Presently employed in government, she is the wife of Edward M. Morton, whom she met while a high school student in Hampton, Va. They have no children. Hobbies Her hobbies include swimming, music, chess, reading, and all types of sports. For all her active interest in youth, her tireless efforts to relieve the loneliness of invalids, and for her exemplification of the golden rule in these various activities, the AFRO this week, salutes Mrs. Evelyn Morton. ----------------------------------------------- THE RAMBLING REPORTER by Al Sweeney Mrs. Mary Church Terell was one of the great women of our time. She lived an active life. Although, she was about to observe her 91st birthday on September 23, she was scheduled to take an active role in the looming convention of the National Association of Colored Women, an organization that she founded and became the first president of in 1896. Mrs. Terrell was to address the convention. Also she was mapping plans for an all-out attack on local hotels which refuse to accommodate all races. Her achievements are chronicled elsewhere in this paper. About the Pentagon My Pentagon informants have given the Rambler in interesting sidelight on the resignation of Lester Granger as a consultant on minority affairs to the Secretary of the Navy. Current Controversy They say that he had been offered a tour of the Navy bases to examine integration program of the Navy but refused the offer. Since he accepted the appointment of consultant in September, 1953, he had only been to the Pentagon twice, this writer learned. It is felt that his resignation stems from the current controversy involving the National Urban League board members. Perturbed by the report that he resigned because the Navy wasn't moving "fast enough on racial problems" is Secretary of the Navy Charles S. Thomas. My informants tell me that Secretary Thomas felt that his department was doing "superior job" in wiping out segregation. He has pointed out to intimates that they had moved in to eliminate racial tags at the various Southern installations and were wiping out the stewards branch as a primary colored service. Current Target The current target is the assignment of colored officers. Granger and others have complained that colored officers have been given assignments at shore installations and have not been assigned to duty on the various Navy ships. The courthouse reporters have been watching the divorce files looking for a petition involving a dentist. The grapevine has it that the dentist's wife is seeking to divorce her hubby in order to marry a local attorney. Graves Here Lem Graves, the former newsman now with the State Department, is in town this week awaiting a new assignment. Lem turned in a terrific job in Paris and may get another assignment. Although the colored Republicans are trying to land one of the judicial vacancies, my oddsmakers are making book against a person of color landing the post. This space would like to see George E. C. Hayes land a top judicial post. He is undoubtedly the best qualified of all candidates mentioned regardless of race. The Rambler thanks Ruth Mueller and Venice Spraggs for filling this space while he was on vacation. The two women, who are real pros at the game of politics, did a fine job of presenting their side of the political picture. During vacation travels the Rambler found Canada an ideal place to "get away from it all." Vacationers are recommended to visit Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal. The latter city with its French speaking residents is tops for those who like to mix night life wit viewing scenic sites. --------------------------------------- Still In The News By Lawrence A. Still Work Bench By Clarence Mitchell BATON ROUGE, La. -- The mess that anti-Supreme Court southerners are getting themselves into was beautifully demonstrated by the Louisiana legislature when it passed bills aimed at keeping segregation in the schools. The chief spark plug to the pro-segregation forces was a Dixiecrat named Leader Perez. He is district attorney of Plaquemines and St. Bernard parishes. Members of the legislature charge that Perez bullied and browbeat them into agreeing with him on each comma and period of the segregation bills. Once Perez even went so far as to use what a member of legislature said was "vile and abusive language concerning the Catholic Archbishop in New Orleans. Perez and his plug-uglies got off to a roaring start by framing a bill which would have made it a crime for a lawyer to bring a suit on behalf of anyone who wanted to end segregation. On the Griddle Sen. Robert Ainsworth, who is the floor leader for the state administration, helped to kill this move and said, "If the time ever comes when a minority cannot go into court and fight for its rights then the day of the Constitution is done." Sen. Harry Howard of New Orleans was really on the griddle. Perez put him on the spot by getting a provision in one of the bills forbidding the Catholic Church to end segregation in its schools. An Oratorical Gem This produced a salvo from Archbishop that sent many of the members of the legislature scurrying to their foxholes. Making an anti-Catholic statement in some parts of Louisiana is like giving a speech in favor of white supremacy on You street in Washington. Senator Howard happens to represent one of those places and he was in no mood to tangle with the Archbishop or even a parish priest for that matter. He contented himself with some fast doubletalk by saying he was unable to make a decision on the bills "because of the grave difference of opinion between the archbishop and the hierarchy of my church and the overwhelming masses of Catholic people." After loosening this oratorical gem he said he did not want to vote "but if the Senate wishes that I follow the rules and vote, then I will ask you to tell me how to vote." Language Eliminated No doubt some of his colleagues looked to the day when they would be in a similar position and in need of a convenient out, because they did not force him to vote. The language aimed at the Catholic Church was quickly eliminated, although Perez wanted it to stay in. Perhaps some of the legislators had visions of earthly legal tangles with District Attorney Perez and more extensive troubles with the Archbishop in the hereafter. Between the two, it appears that they thought it was safer to risk a worldly wrangle with Perez. The crowning irony came after the bills passed. Senator Ainsworth voiced the feeling of most sensible people, including those who oppose the Supreme Court decision. He admitted that the bills would just buy a little more time "so that our feelings may be calm and our judgments reasonable." In other words, he was saying that sooner or later segregation must go, no matter what kind of laws the legislatures pass. -------------------------------------------- What's Cookin' By Trezzvant Anderson Here's a salute to a grand guy—Nimrod B. Allen of Columbus, Ohio—visiting with us this week in the capital, during the annual meeting of the Frontiers of America, the fine organization which he founded. Mr. Allen's early dream has materialized into one of the greatest groups of its kind in the nation, regardless of race, since the day it was nurtured out in Ohio. In past years during which Your Man had close associations in the Buckeye State, I grew to understand and appreciate the workings of the Frontiers and he Urban League, both which were near and dear to Mr. Allen. Down in Southern Ohio it was a pleasure to see how the Frontiers held out live attractions to young men like Andy Freeman of Dayton, Harvey Alston of Columbus and others Bennett Champ Clark. Also in the running for the Appeals seat are District Judges David A. Pine, Walter M. Bastian and Luther Youngdahl. We think Mr. McGarraghy has the inside track. Recommended for the Municipal Court vacancy were Wesley S. Williams, J. Franklin Wilson and James G. (Pete) Tyson. The chances are exceptionally good for the appointment of these men to the present vacancy. Your Man understands that Wes Williams has the best shot at it. There is a very good strategic reason why the Republicans will fill this post with a colored man, and the reason has real merit—from a political standpoint. Attorney Leaving Justice Dept. The handsome young brown-skinned man "We are Americans and, as Americans we would speak to America. --Frederick Douglass and equal rights. Hating no man, fearing no man, the Colored Press strives to help every man in the firm belief that all are hurt so long as anyone is held back. FOUNDED IN 1892 By John H. Murphy, Sr. - 1840-1922 Published every Tuesday and Saturday by the AFRO-AMERICAN Publishing Co., Inc. THOUGHT FOR THE WEEK An acre of performance is worth a whole world of promise.—WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS ------------------------------------------------------------------- Mary Church Terrell Words are puny thing when it comes to memorializing a person like Mary Church Terrell. For her there should be music—strong, bright martial rhythms—or the graceful permanance of sculptured stone. Only a short time ago she was still busy among us— leading picket lines, addressing meetings, bustling about briskly on her cane with a vigor and independence which belied her ninety years. Death was not unexpected at her age, but her passing brings a deep sense of loss to the city, the country and all who knew her. Spanning nearly a century, her years on earth were crammed full of the elements that make for rich and creative living. As a person, she was warmhearted, tender and kind, interested in life and people and human affairs, blessed with a sense of humor and a keen wit. She had known the sorrows as well as the joys of motherhood and home-making and had been the trusted helpmate of a distinguished District citizen, Robert Heberton Terrell, who became a Municipal Court judge in the District. As a public figure, Mary Terrell was inspired early in life to join the continuing battle for freedom and dignity for all human beings. Founding the National Association of Colored Women back in the 1890's was only one of her many achievements in the long struggle for full rights for women in this country—a struggle which continued to interest her all her life. She also helped found the NAACP, worked in World War I, became active in politics, and was in great demand as a writer and lecturer during World War II. Advancing years did not slacken her public activities. She a seemed to gain fresh strength from such latter-day contests as the battle against the color bar in the District A.A.U.W. and the fight against jim crow in Washington restaurants and theatres. The victories which crowned these efforts have given impetus and encouragement to the destruction of racial discrimination and segregation throughout the nation — and indeed the world. Many honors and tributes were heaped upon Mary Terrell during her lifetime, and in the years to come her name will continue to ring like a clarion call or in the cause of human freedom. Probably the best tribute we ----------------------------------------------- Practice needed Pastors of all denominations in the Capital told the AFRO recently that membership in their churches was open to all. -------------------------------------------------- can pay to her is a re-dedication of ourselves to the aims for which she gave such wholehearted devotion. There were not many leaders like her, and in today's confused and materialistic world we shall look in vain for the selfless zeal and high-hearted idealism which inspired her. May we never forget her qualities of sincerity and courage and perseverance. May we unceasingly strive to cherish these qualities as we pick up the torch she has laid down and carry it forward for the full freedom of all mankind. Welcome to D.C. Washingtonians this week heartily welcome the delegates of two distinguished organizations which have chosen our city as the meeting-place for their respective national conventions. The Frontiers of America, founded 18 years ago, is composed of business men and dedicated to community service. A highlight of the Frontiers' session yesterday was the presentation of a cash grant to Howard University's medical school for research on vitiligo, a disease which causes the loss of skin color. The National Association of Colored Women is 40 years older than the Frontiers and has an impressive record of activity covering the years since it was founded in 1896. Among other projects, it has purchased and continues to maintain as a national shrine - the home of Frederick Douglass in Anacostia. To both organizations the AFRO extends congratulations on progress to date and best wishes for continued achievement in the future. As it should be The local NAACP, it seems to us, has a right to its gripe about being by-passed by the national organization on two occasions recently. The Washington branch claims that it was ignored at two public meetings in the Capital—one being a session where President Eisenhower was presented, and the other being a gathering where Vice President Nixon spoke. You certainly don't go into a person's home without acknowledging the presence of your host, and it seems to us that the Washington NAACP was in Have you ever stopped to wonder just who draws social security in your community? In Washington there are approximately 22,509 persons now receiving a portion of their living expenses as a result of contributions made while they were a part of the labor market. The people who administer the social security program have many occasions to talk with those who represent the broadest cross section of our national economy. And in so doing they are constantly being made aware of the human elements that are involved when we the people are confronted with financial crises. Each applicant has his story. The theme may be one of humble labor through long years, one of tremendous wealth, or perhaps one of sudden and tragic disaster. Story Of June Wells The story of June Wells is typical. The name has been changed but the facts are true. Miss Wells filed her claim a year ago last fall after nearly 50 years of employment as a clerk. Prior to the enactment of the present Social Security Law she had little prospect of being able to retire. Her wages had always been in the lower brackets and she had never been able to accumulate enough in savings to consider actually stopping all employment. This had her worried for many years. As a further bar to her accumulation of savings, she had taken on the job of helping to raise a niece and nephew. Therefore, at the age of 74, Miss Wells felt that prospect for retirement was at best very vague. So when she contacted the social security office it was more from curiosity than expectation of a solution to her problem. A Pleasant Surprise However, Miss Wells was pleasantly surprised when she was told that she would receive a payment of seventy dollars a month and that she could work part-time and earn seventy-five dollars a month. Also, she was informed that since she is now 74 years old, she can work full time beginning next year, if she wishes, and still receive her $75 a month from social security. Miss Wells is one person who has found a satisfactory answer to the problem of income in old age through the social security program. ----------------------------------------------- Speak Your Piece FRONTIERS Columbus, Ohio - The national office of the Frontiers of America appreciates beyond words the cooperation of the Washington AFRO in promoting the 13th annual convention of the Frontiers. NIMROD B. ALLEN Executive Secretary NEW PERSPECTIVE The Supreme Court's decision of May 17, outlawing racial segregation in our schools, poses a very significant challenge to be faced in our schools. Into all of our schools will soon come youth from every race living in the community. These youth will bring with them all of the traditions, customs, points of view, attitudes, intellectual status, social and civic training, educational lack and prejudices of the total community. Mrs. Morton, a former Howard University instructor, is den mother of Cub Scouts 517, sponsored by the Mt. Vernon Methodist Church, 900 Massachusetts Ave., NW. Women's Auxiliary She is also a member of the Women's Auxiliary at Freedmen's Hospital, and devotes three days a week serving patients and visitors at the hospital as a member of the Visiting Control group. Mrs. Morton said she became interested in scouting when she faced a crisis in her own life, and had to make a choice of stagnating or "doing things for others." The energetic matron decided to do things for others! She volunteered to go to school for a six-week course in basics of scouting at Armstrong High School, about five years ago. Canvassed Neighborhood A member of Lincoln Congregational Church located at 11th and S Sts., NW., Mrs. Morton canvassed the neighborhood for youngsters interested in forming MRS. MORTON a club group at the church. "I found it rewarding," she said. "The boys filled a gap in my life." She served as den mother at Lincoln for three years, and has served in the same capacity at Mt. Vernon since mid-winter. Personal Charges At Freedmen's hospital, Mrs. Morton said she has about 15 patients whom she considers her "personal charges." performing personal errands for patients and regulating the number of visitors to each patient. Howard Graduate A member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority, Mrs. Morton is a graduate of Howard University and received her M.A. degree from that University in 1941. An embryology major, she has taught at Princess Anne Teachers College, Md., and also in the zoology department at Howard for one year. Presently employed in government, she is the wife of Edward M. Morton, whom she met while a high school student in Hampton, Va. They have no children. Hobbies Her hobbies include swimming, music, chess, reading and all types of sports. For her active interest in youth, her tireless efforts to relieve the loneliness of invalids, and for her exemplification of the golden rule in these various activities, the AFRO this week, salutes Mrs. Evelyn Morton. THE RAMBLING REPORTER By Al Sweeney Mrs. Mary Church Terrell was one of the great women of our time. She lived an active life. Although, she was about to observe her 91st birthday on September 23, she was scheduled to take an active role in the looming convention of the National Association of Colored Women, an organization that she founded and became the first president of in 1896. Mrs. Terrell was to address the convention. Also she was mapping plans for an all-out attack on local hotels which refuse to accommodate all races. Her achievements are chronicled elsewhere in this paper. About The Pentagon My Pentagon informants have given the Rambler an interesting sidelight on the resignation of Lester Granger as a consultant on minority affairs to the Secretary of the Navy. Current Controversy They say that he had been offered a tour of the Navy bases to examine integration program of the Navy but refused the offer. Since he accepted the appointment of consultant in September, 1953, he had only been to the Pentagon twice, this writer learned. It is felt that his resignation stems from the current controversy involving the National Urban League board members. Perturbed by the report that he resigned because the Navy wasn't moving "fast enough on racial problems," if Secretary of the Navy Charles S. Thomas. My informants tell me that Secretary Thomas felt that his department was doing "superior job" in wiping out segregation. He has pointed out to initimates that they had moved in to eliminate racial tags at the various Southern installations and were wiping out the stewards branch as a primary colored service. Current Target The current target is the assignment of colored officers. Granger and others have complained that colored officers have been given assignments at shore installations and have not been assigned to duty on the various Navy ships. The courthouse reporters have been watching the divorce files looking for a petition involving a dentist. The grapevine has it that the dentist's wife is seeking to divorce her hubby in order to marry a local attorney. Graves Here Lem Graves, the former newsman now with the State Department, is in town this week awaiting a new assignment. Lem turned in a terrific job in Paris and may get another assignment. Although the colored Republicans are trying to land one of the judicial vacancies, my odds-makers are making book against a person of color landing the post. This space would like to see George E.C. Hayes land a top judicial post. He is undoubtedly the best qualified of all candidates mentioned regardless of race. The Rambler thanks Ruth Mueller and Venice Spraggs for filling this space while he was on vacation. The two women, who are real pros at the game of politics, did a fine job of presenting their side of the political picture. During vacation travels the Rambler found Canada an ideal place to "get away from it all." Vacationers are recommended to visit Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal. The latter city with its French speaking residents is tops for those who like to mix night life with viewing scenic sites. ------------------------------------------ Still In The News By Lawrence A. Still The AFRO switchboard was busy as a carnival pinball machine Saturday with calls from indignant citizens who had been embarrassed in nearby Vista Park, Md., Friday night. The callers, mostly Washingtonians, wanted to know if we couldn't do something about drive-in theaters who publicly invited everyone to a grand opening and then refuse some anxious customers admittance after they arrive. They referred specifically to the opening of the new Palmer Drive-In Friday night which had been heralded as a great occasion for a wonderful time with fun and prizes for all. Only Prite The only prize the more darker skin prospective patrons received after risking the long drive and narrow highway was a surprise turn-around by brash young gatemen. And it certainly wasn't funny. The barred patrons didn't even get balloons. Indignant Driver The outside color of their cars on the interior shades. One indignant driver who had his money in his hand said an usher was foiled at first by his light skin until he noticed some of the other occupants. "I am sorry, we don't admit colored," he said. Most of the open air movie fans who rushed to the opening of the new drive-in showplace said they were familiar with Maryland practice of separate movie houses but thought the Palmer Drive-In would be open to all since it is located in a predominantly colored area. Vista Park They pointed out that the Vista Park motorcycle raceway, Golf course and the Land and Sea Country Club are all nearby and are well patronized by everyone, mostly colored. "Can't the NAACP do something about this," the protesters wanted to know. As a long-time drive in fan we joined in their protest and suggested they call the association. We also suggested that persons eliminate the ridiculous movie who should be concerned about the matter. Rockville Association The Rockville Civic Association has been working consistently to change the racial policy of highway movies which open in its area. We understand there is also a Vista Park area which certainly should be informed of this latest incident. We cannot understand how tax-paying, voting citizens can allow a discrimination enterprise to be built practically next door to them without vocal protest to authorities. Take Time If more of our citizens would take time out to do this by simply calling, writing a letter and filing a formal complaint we could go along way in making area a better place in which to live. Some of the citizens who called Saturday and who were going to take further action were Harry James Chevalier, 2413 18th Pl., SE, Jerome Howard Edwards, 3993 Blaine St., NE, and at keeping segregation in the schools. The chief spark plug to the pro-segregation forces was a Dixiecrat named Leader Perez. He is district attorney of Plaquemines and St. Bernard parishes. Members of the legislature charged that Perez bullied and browbeat them into agreeing with him on each comma and period of the segregation bills. Once Perez even went so far as to use what a member of legislature said was "vile and abusive language concerning the Catholic Archbishop in New Orleans. Perez and his plug-uglies got off to a roaring start by framing a bill which would have made it a crime for a lawyer to bring a suit on behalf of anyone who wanted to end segregation. On The Griddle Sen. Robert Ainsworth, who is the floor leader for the state administration, helped to kill this move and said, "If the time ever comes when a minority cannot go into court and fight for its rights then the day of the Constitution is done." Sen. Harry Howard of New Orleans was really on the griddle. Perez put him on the spot by getting a provision in one of the bills forbidding the Catholic Church to end segregation in its schools. An Oratorical Gem This produced a salvo from Archbishop that sent many of the members of the legislature scurrying to their foxholes. Making an anti-Catholic statement in some parts of Louisiana is like giving a speech in favor of white supremacy on You street He contented himself with some fast doubletalk by saying he was unable to make a decision on the bills "because of the grave difference of opinion between the archbishop and the hierarchy of my church and the overwhelming masses of Catholic people." After loosening this oratorical gem he said he did not want to vote "but if the Senate wishes that I follow the rules and vote, then I will ask you to tell me how to vote." Language Eliminated No doubt some of his colleagues looked to the day when they would be in a similar position and in need of a convenient out, because they did not force him to vote. The language aimed at the Catholic Church was quickly eliminated, although Perez wanted it to stay in. Perhaps some of the legislators had visions of earthly legal tangles with District Attorney Perez and more extensive troubles with the Archbishop in the hereafter. Between the two, it appears that they thought it was safer to risk a worldly wrangle with Perez. The crowning irony came after the bills passed. Senator Ainsworth voiced the feeling of most sensible people, including those who oppose the Supreme Court decision. He admitted that the bills would just buy a little more time "so that our feelings may be calm and our judgments reasonable." In other words, he was saying that sooner or later segregation must go, no matter what kind of laws the legislatures pass. -------------------------------------------- What's Cookin' By Trezzvant Anderson Here's a salute to a grand guy—Nimrod B. Allen of Columbus, Ohio—visiting with us this week in the capital, during the annual meeting of the Frontiers of America, the fine organization which he founded. Mr. Allen's early dream has materialized into one of the greatest groups of its kind in the nation, regardless of race, since the day it was nurtured out in Ohio. In past years during which Your Man had close associations in the Buckeye State, I grew to understand and appreciate the workings of the Frontiers and the Urban League, both which were near and dear to Mr. Allen. Down in Southern Ohio it was a pleasure to see how the Frontiers held out live attractions to young men like Andy Freeman of Dayton, Harvey Alston of Columbus and others of their calbre. Truly, it is a lesson to other organizations whose leaders may be too blind to see the importance of working younger men into posts of responsibility and leadership. Those Judgeship Vacancies Recommended to the Washington Bar Association Monday night for support for existing vacancies on the Court of Appeals and the Municipal Court were several District lawyers. Offered for the Court of Appeals were George E. C. Hayes and James M. Nabrit, both of whom are excellent choices. Chances are slim, however, that either of them will get this nice plum for the first duty of the Republican Party here is to Joseph McGarraghy, who is a leading contender for the seat held by the late Judge Bennett Champ Clark. Also in the running for the Appeals seat are District Judges David A. Pine, Walter M. Bastian and Luther Youngdahl. We think Mr. McGarraghy has the inside track. Recommended for the Municipal Court vacancy were Wesley S. Williams, J. Franklin Wilson and James G. (Pete) Tyson. The chances are exceptionally good for the appointment of these men to the present vacancy. Your Man understands that Wes Williams has the best shot at it. There is a very good strategic reason why the Republicans will fill this post with a colored man, and the reason has real merit s—from a political standpoint. Attorney Leaving Justice Dept. The handsome young brown-skinned man assisting several assistant U.S. attorneys in U.S. District Court prosecutions during the past 10 days was Henry H. Arrington of Tampa, Fla., for three years an attorney in the Department of Justice. Mr. Arrington is resigning from the Justice Department effective today — July 30—to return to his native Florida and private practice. He is a Howard Law School grad. We all will miss Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, that indefatigable soul who gave her life for her people. In my brief span of acquaintance with this great woman not once was she heard to complain of her own feelings although she was suffering. People like her just aren't born everyday, or every month. She and her brother, Bob, have certainly left their impact on the American scene. ---------------------------------------------- My Beat—Washington By Mary E. Stratford In the 1890's was only one of her many achievements in the long struggle for full rights for women in this country—a struggle which continued to interest her all her life. She also helped found the NAACP, worked in World War I, became active in politics, and was in great demand as a writer and lecturer during World War II. Advancing years did not slacken her public activities. She seemed to gain fresh strength from such latter-day contests as the battle against the color bar in the District A.A.U.W. and the fight against jim crow in Washington restaurants and theatres. The victories which crowned these efforts have given impetus and encouragement to the destruction of racial discrimination and segregation throughout the nation — and indeed the world Many honors and tributes were heaped upon Mary Terrell during her lifetime, and in the years to come her name will continue to ring like a clarion call in the cause of human freedom. Probably the best tribute we -------------------------------------------- PRACTICE NEEDED Pastors of all denominations in the Capital told the AFRO recently that membership in their churches was open to all. This was a fine demonstration of Christian brotherhood and indicative of a trend toward full democracy which we believe grows stronger each day in Washington. An inquiry about homes for the aged maintained by various denominations produced a different picture, however. The story, published in last week's AFRO, showed jim-crow roosting, in one form or other, on all but a very few homes for the aged in the Capital. Clear the Christianity of the pulpit here is a little different from the type of religion to be found in certain congregations. What's needed is more practice of what is being preached. ------------------------------------------------- THE BAFFLES By Mahoney DADDY--BUY ME THAT ARCHERY SET. NO, TOO DANGEROUS, MIGHT HIT SOMEONE IN THE EYE WITH AN ARROW, I'LL BUY THIS'INDOOR CROQUET SET INSTEAD. --------------------------------------------------------- posed of business men and dedicated to community service. A highlight of the Frontiers' session yesterday was the presentation of a cash grant to Howard University's medical school for research on vitiligo, a disease which causes the loss of skin color. The National Association of Colored Women is 40 years older than the Frontiers and has an impressive record of activity covering the years since it was founded in 1896. Among other projects, it has purchased and continues to maintain as a national shrine - the home of Frederick Douglass in Anacostia. To both organizations the AFRO extends congratulations on progress to date and best wishes for continued achievement in the future. As it should be The local NAACP, it seems to us, has a right to its gripe about being by-passed by the national organization on two occasions recently. The Washington branch claims that it was ignored at two public meetings in the Capital - one being a session where President Eisenhower was presented, and the other being a gathering where Vice President Nixon spoke. You certainly don't go into a person's home without acknowledging the presence of your host, and it seems to us that the Washington NAACP was in this position on the two occasions referred to. We can't imagine a similar snub being administered - say - in Baltimore, should the national NAACP visit there. The local branch was right in registering a protest, just as Chairman Channing H. Tobias of the national board was right in agreeing with the stand that the branch took. From now on, we understand, recognition will be given to local branches in such situations, and this is as it should be. Also, she was informed that since she is now 74 years old, she can work full time beginning next year, if she wishes, and still receive her $75 a month from social security. Miss Wells is one person who has found a satisfactory answer to the problem of income in old age through social security program. ------------------------------------------------- SPEAK YOUR PIECE - FRONTIERS Columbus, Ohio - The national office of the Frontiers of America appreciates beyond words the cooperation of the Washington AFRO in promoting the 13th annual convention of the Frontiers. NIMROD B. ALLEN Executive Secretary - NEW PERSPECTIVE The Supreme Court's decision of May 17, outlawing racial segregation in our schools, poses a very significant challenge to be faced in our schools. Into all of our schools will soon come youth from every race living in the community. These youth will bring with them all of the traditions, customs, points of view, attitudes, intellectual status, social and civic training, education lack and prejudices of the total community. Many educators will agree that a large portion of any school population is incapable of learning the so-called liberal subjects as they are presently organized. The factors of individuals differences not only in the intellectual ability, but in purpose, in social and cultural background, in personal traits and group characteristics make it necessary for our schools to re-evaluate their subject offerings and methodology. This new situation will mean that our public school administrators will have to develop new subjects and develop new organizations of traditional subjects and concepts so as to provide these heterogeneous groups of students with the type of schooling that will have true meaning and utility to all students. This will in turn help to bring about better community rapport and develop civic responsibility. President WENDALL A. PARRIS Board of Directors, Baker's Dozen Youth Center. ------------------------------------- Frontiers give $10,000 foundation formed to promote study of skin disease The Frontiers of America, currently holdings its national convention in Washington, has awarded a $10,000 grant for vitiligo research studies to Howard University College of Medicine. The award, announced at the Frontiers' annual banquet at the Raleigh Hotel last night, will finance a three-year study of the disease by Howard's department of dermatology. At the banquet, a check for $1,000 was presented to Dr. Joseph L. Johnson, dean of the college of medicine by Dr. Bernard Harris, of Baltimore, Frontiers president. Cause of Disease Unknown The remainder of the grant will be paid to the University in installments over the three-year period. Vitiligo is a skin disease which cause smooth, milk-white spots to appear on the body. According to Dr. Harris, the cause of the disease is not know and the methods of treatment now being used are unsatisfactory. The vitiligo research project at Howard will be supervised by Dr. Joseph E. Gathings, clinical assistant professor of dermatology. ---------------------------------------------------- Current Controversy They say that he had been offered a tour of the Navy bases to examine integration program of the Navy but refused the offer. Since he accepted the appointment of consultant in September, 1953, he had only been to the Pentagon twice, this writer learned. It is felt that his resignation been given assignments at shore installations and have not been assigned to duty on the various Navy ships. The courthouse reporters have been watching the divorce files looking for a petition involving a dentist. The grapevine has it that the dentist's wife is seeking to divorce her hubby in order to marry a local attorney. side of the political picture. During vacation travels the Rambler found Canada an ideal place to "get away from it all." Vacationers are recommended to visit Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal. The latter city with its French speaking residents is tops for those who like to mix night life with viewing scenic sites. ------------------------------------------------ STILL IN THE NEWS By Lawrence A. Still The AFRO switchboard was busy as a carnival pinball machine Saturday with calls from indignant citizens who had been embarrassed in nearby Vista Park, Md., Friday night. The callers, mostly Washingtonians, wanted to know if we couldn't do something about drive-in theaters who publicly invite everyone to a grand opening and then refuse some anxious customers admittance after they arrive. They referred specifically to the opening of the new Palmer Drive-In Friday night which had been heralded as a great occasion for a wonderful time with fun and prizes for all. Only Prite The only prize the more darker skin prospective patrons received after risking the long drive and narrow highway was a surprise turn-around by brash young gatemen. And it certainly wasn't funny. The barred patrons didn't even get balloons. Indignant Driver The outside color of their cars were okay, but the ticket-sellers were careful to check thoroughly on their interior shades. One indignant driver who had his money in his hand said an usher was fooled at first by his light skin until he noticed some of the other occupants. "I am sorry, we don't admit colored," he said. Most of the open air movie fans who rushed to the opening of the new drive-in showplace said they were familiar with Maryland practice of separate move houses but thought the Palmer Drive-in would be open to all since it is located in a predominantly colored area. Vista Park They pointed out that the Vista Park motorcycle raceway, Golf course and the Land and Sea Country Club are all nearby and are well patronized by everyone, mostly colored. "Can't the NAACP do something about this," the protestors wanted to know. As a long-time drive in fan we joined in their protest and suggested they call the association. We also suggested that persons eliminate the ridiculous move Drive-In situation and work and support nearby civic associations who should be concerned about the matter. Rockville Association. The Rockville Civic Association has been working consistently to change the racial policy of highway movies which open in its area. We understand there is also a Vista Park area which certainly should be informed of this latest incident. We cannot understand how tax-paying, voting citizens can allow a discrimination enterprise to be built practically next door to them without vocal protest to authorities. Take Time If more of our citizens would take time out to do this by simply calling, writing a letter and filing a formal complaint we could go along way in making area a better place in which to live. Some of the citizens who called Saturday and who were going to take further action were Harry James Chevalier, 2413 18th Pl., SE, Jerome Howard Edwards, 3393 Blaine St., NE, and Reginald Strother and Miss Vera Johnson of Bowie, Md. -------------------------------------------------- Mourn Death of Mrs. Terrell EUGENE DAVIDSON, president, D. C. Branch NAACP: "Washington, the nation and the world have lost one of the grandest figures of our times in the passing of the beloved Mary Church Terrell. "The D.C. Branch NAACP, along with millions of individuals, mourns her loss. "Uncompromising in her fight for human rights and translating her basically sound ideologies into vigorous action even as her physical self for out, Mary Church Terrell still lives in the hearts and minds of all people of good will." DAVID REIN, executive secretary of the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws: "One thing consoles the members of the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Law in the death of our chairman, Mary Church Terrell. It is the knowledge that she lived to see the accomplishment of many of the objectives for which this committee was organized. "The end of discrimination in District restaurants, movie houses, and hotels is, to a great extent, the result of vigorous campaigns Dr. Terrell helped to plan and execute. "She died the morning after letters she had approved only a few days before were sent out to the managers of leading variety store chains in the city informing them that the Committee's next project was the end of discrimination in employment. "As members of the group Dr. Terrell led and inspired for five years, we know only one way in which to do homage to the memory of this remarkable woman. And that is to continue to work for the goal she always kept before us: a world in which an individual's color or religion or belief will never be used to proscribe his freedoms or happiness." ROBERT H. JOHNSON, grand exalted ruler of the Improved, Benovelent and Protective Order of Elks of the World, from his home in Philadelphia, Sunday: "In the passing of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, America loses one of its outstanding militant women fighters of this nation. The men and women of the Improved, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World bow their heads in humble submission to the will of Almighty God and express our heartfelt sympathy to Mrs. Terrell's family." JUDGES WILLIAM C. HUESTON, grand secretary of the Improved, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World: "In the death of Dr. Mary Church Terrell, the colored citizens in particular and all American citizens in general have lost a valiant champion of all who love justice, dignity, and freedom. "Having had the great privilege of knowing this great woman leader, whose name is known and acclaimed no only by her people and other Americans in this country, but in the far corners, I was profoundly shocked at the news of her death. Fearless Champion "She was a fearless champion for women's rights, for the rights of her people, she was also an indefatigable fighter for the education of our youth, a sphere of her life's work which found warm response in the educational work of the Improved, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World. "Millions of young people as they learn more and more about the life of this great woman will come to revere her name, receive new courage to work and fight for a full life of dignity and decency. "Thus in her death will already begin to unfold the great wellsprings of strength which she personified in a long courageous and happy life devoted to the love of her people and their fight for full equality." --------------------------------------------------- Mr. Allen's early dream has materialized into one of the greatest groups of its kind in the nation, regardless of race, since the day it was nurtured out in Ohio. In past years during which Your Man had close associations in the Buckeye State, I grew to understand and appreciate the workings of the Frontiers and the Urban League, both which were near and dear to Mr. Allen. Down in Southern Ohio it was a pleasure to see how the Frontiers held out live attractions to young men like Andy Freeman of Dayton, Harvey Alston of Columbus and others of their calibre. Truly, it is a lesson to other organizations whose leaders may be too blind to see the importance of working younger men into posts of responsibility and leadership. Those Judgeship Vacancies Recommended to the Washington Bar Association Monday night for support for existing vacancies on the Court of Appeals and the Municipal Court were several District lawyers. Offered for the Court of Appeals were George E. C. Hayes and James M. Nabrit, both of whom are excellent choices. Chances are slim, however, that either of them will get this nice plum for the first duty of the Republican Party here is to Joseph McGarraghy, who is a leading contender for the seat held by the late Judge Recommended for the Municipal Court vacancy were Wesley S. Williams, J. Franklin Wilson and James G. (Pete) Tyson. The chances are exceptionally good for the appointment of these men to the present vacancy. Your Man understands that Wes Williams has the best shot at it. There is a very good strategic reason why the Republicans will fill this post with a colored man, and the reason has real merit - from a political standpoint. Attorney Leaving Justice Dept. The handsome young brown-skinned man assisting several assistant U.S. attorneys in U.S. District Court prosecutions during the past 10 days was Henry H. Arrington of Tampa, Fla., for three years an attorney in the Department of Justice. Mr. Arrington is resigning from the Justice Department effective today - July 30 - to return to his native Florida and private practice. He is a Howard Law School grad. We all will miss Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, that indefatigable should who gave her life for her people. In my brief span of acquaintance with this great woman not once was she heard to complain of her own feelings although she was suffering. People like her just aren't born everyday, or ever month. She and her brother, Bob, have certainly left their impact on the American scene. --------------------------------------------------- My Beat - Washington By Mary E. Stratford The death of Dr. Mary Church Terrell will be mourned by those who knew her well, and this of us whose lives she perhaps never knew she touched. I first saw Dr. Terrell at a meeting held by the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of D. C. Anti-Discrimination Laws soon after the group won its historical victory in the Thompson Restaurant case, last year. New in the reporting field, and afraid to sit too close to the civil rights leader I had heard so much about, I chose a seat several feet away. Waved Greeting As each member of the organization entered the room, Mrs. Terrell waved and exchanged a friendly greeting. Looking over the room, she shook her hand. "I am honored to have a representative of your newspaper here," she said. "Sit close to me for there are no strangers here." Civic Meeting After the meeting, I did not see her again until the Civic Assembly held a protest meeting against the freezing of student transfers by the Board of Education. At the meeting, held at Turners Memorial Church, in early February, Dr. Terrell sat next to me on the front row. When she rose to leave, she said: "I have seen you somewhere before," she said. "What is your name?" Flattered When she learned I had written an article about her which appeared in the magazine section of the AFRO during Negro History Week, she dropped her hat and gloves on the floor and kissed me on the cheek. Described in the article as the modern-day Harriet Tubman, Mrs. Terrell said: "I am truly flattered by the comparison." Dr. Terrell's valiant fight against discrimination won her the respect of a nation, but She obligingly posed for pictures while on the very of collapse. But it was little shares like that endeared her to everyone she met. My last meeting with Dr. Terrell was at her home during her recent illness. ----------------------------------------- VETERANS' QUESTIONS Q - To complete my Korean GI Bill training in dentistry, I am required to take an internship in my specialty. May I do this under the GI Bill? A—Yes, provided the internship satisfies the educational requirements for certification by a Dental Specialty Board. The dental internship may not exceed one year. Q—I recently graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. Would my service there entitle me to Korean GI Bill training benefits? A—No. Under the law, time spent at any of the service academies may not be counted toward Korean GI Bill entitlement. Q—My GI insurance has lapsed and I have been told that I must take a physical examination in order to reinstate it. My brother is a doctor. Could he give me the examination? A—No Physical examinations for GI insurance purposes may not be made by physicians who are related to the veteran, either by blood or by marriage. ----------------------------------------------- QUOTE OF THE WEEK: "I. . . never stop trying to get what I knew was just and right for me to have" —Mary Church Terrell The Washington Post Eugene Meyer, Chairman of the Board James Russell Wiggins Vice President and Managing Editor Robert H. Estabook Editorial Page Editor Herbert Elliston Contributing Editor Charles C. Boysen Secretary Philip L. Graham, President and Publisher John W. Sweeterman Vice President and General Manager Donald M. Bernard Vice President and Advertising Director Harry Gladstein Circulation Director Harry Eybers Production Manager John S. Hayes, President WTOP Radio and Television An Independent Newspaper Thursday, July 29, 1954 Page 14 No Rules for McCarthy Senator McCarthy himself has given the best reason why a Senate vote of censure tomorrow is imperative. The rules under which his subcommittee operates, Mr. McCarthy told the Senate Rules Subcommittee, are "almost ideal." This is to say that "ideal" rules are those which have permitted one-man hearings without check, the bullying and vilification of witnesses, the launching of investigations without reference to the subcommittee as a whole, the injuring of the national security (as in the Fort Monmouth hoax) on a wild goose chase, the invasion of the executive jurisdiction, an invitation to Federal employes to violate the espionage laws, the proliferation of reckless charges without relation to facts or evidence. "Ideal" rules, by Mr. McCarthy's criterion, amount to almost no rules at all. The Wisconsin Senator then proceeded to give an example of what we presume he means by fairness by reiterating the charge that Dorothy Kenyon was a member of the Communist Party and adding that he had the testimony of two witnesses. Inasmuch as she had steadfastly denied the charge under oath, the testimony of the two witnesses, if there is a shred of truth in it, would be enough to prosecute her for perjury. But Senator McCarthy says he contemplates doing nothing about it. What is this but a repetition of the infamous revolving smear that has become known as McCarthyism? "I don't think you can pass any rule," Senator McCarthy said, "that can make any irresponsible man a responsible man." When applied to the Senator from Wisconsin this may well be true. His whole statement is in effect a declaration that he will respect no rules. But does this mean that irresponsibility must be enthroned? Certainly the Senate can strive for fair and effective rules. Beyond this, it has a duty to apply the yardstick of decency to the conduct of its own members. Senator McCarthy's arrogance, his clear contempt for any restraint and his disregard of any sense of obligation to the body in which he sits, make passage of the Flanders resolution the more appropriate. The Senate has every reason of morality, conscience and its own prestige, to vote resoundingly tomorrow to censure its most singularly irresponsible member. New District Taxes With the new District sales taxes coming into effect on Sunday, some merchants apparently have only the remotest idea of what is expected of them. The new 1 percent tax on food for human consumption off the premises where it is sold and the 2 percent tax on all restaurant meals costing more than 50 cents will have to be collected by hundreds of stores. And those stores will have to be registered and authorized to act as collectors. Some of them are apparently quite unprepared to assume the new responsibility. Where the fault for this unpreparedness lies is not entirely clear. Officials complain that some merchants have taken no notice of the instructions they have received. It is said that information about the new taxes went out to grocers a month ago; that meetings have been held with various groups of merchants and restaurant operators; that registration certificates are now being widely distributed to food handlers in the city's markets. Other merchants complain, however, that the Sales and Use Tax Division has been negligent in alerting the people who will have to collect the tax to their new responsibilities. And it is admitted that the bulletin telling merchants and vending machine operators what items are covered by the new taxes has not yet gone out. Apparently a special effort will have to be made to get the broader collecting system into smooth operation. The District cannot afford to lose revenue for want of an efficient collection system. In this undertaking it is entitled to the full cooperation of the business community. North of Suez Settlement of the long and acrimonious dispute between Britain and Egypt providing for British liquidation of the Suez base calls for a strategic reassessment of the Western position in the Middle [?] of some Egyptian spokesmen will need to be watched closely. The pressing needs of the moment leave little time to think of the glittering story of the 75-year- old British reign at Suez. Lord Palmerston was not in favor of construction. He though - and rightly - that the Canal would require the British to control Egypt. And he, like Lord Castlereagh, was not the type of empire-builder that dominated Britain with the rise of Disraeli. There are still diehards in Britain and in Sir Winston Churchill's party who think of this agreement with Egypt as a sellout. While Churchill is not in character in liquidating Suez, he knows better than his hidebound critics that the air-atomic age has imposed limitations on Suez - though it certain has not dispensed with Suez or some equivalent base - and that there are alternative resources available. Unfinished Business Now that the filibuster in the Senate is over, the workload remaining in Congress looms up with extraordinary proportions. Bills in committees have been delayed, conference reports have been held up, and the flow of legislation to the White House virtually halted. Despite its exhaustion, the Senate now must return to the consideration of many measures that simply cannot be put off until next year. President Eisenhower listed the most important items of unfinished business yesterday. These include the farm bill, the tax bill, the conference committee's housing bill, social security and foreign aid. The President said he would be bitterly disappointed if action were not completed on these items. We think the country would be also. There was an unmistakable inference from what the President said at his press conference that he expects Congress to remain in session until this minimum program is enacted regardless of how long that may take. The President also included in his list of urgent bills the Attorney General's anti-Communist measures. Presumably this includes the bill drafted to carry out his own proposal that citizenship be withdrawn from persons who participate in the Communist conspiracy. As this seems to us the wrong approach to the subversive problem, we do not think the bill deserves a place beside the major legislation on housing, taxes, agriculture and social security. There are, however, some other bills that ought to be on the urgent list. Mr. Eisenhower himself said that he had not put the measure to increase the legal debt limit on the list only because he had taken that for granted and because it had not been a part of his original legislative program. Perhaps it is now too late to save the Hawaii- Alaska statehood bill and the health reinsurance bill. But action should certainly be completed on the measure providing unemployment compensation for four million additional workers. This bill has passed the House and is on the Senate calendar. Likewise the urgently-needed amendments to the District's Unemployment Compensation Law should be passed. As all the work done on bills during the last two sessions will be wiped out at the forthcoming adjournment, both houses could well afford to stay in session a few extra days to clear their calendars of all constructive measures that are near the enactment stage. Mary Church Terrell Dr. Mary Church Terrell, who died last Saturday at the age of 90, was a gracious lady and a staunch fighter for human freedom. Her most noteworthy service was her constant, patient and dignified effort to advance the cause of Negro equality; but her interests were far broader than those of a single race. She fought discrimination and bigotry wherever she found it, but always with understanding rather than hatred. She had become a real civic institution in Washington, and the esteem and affection in which she was held was attested by the more than 700 persons from all walks of life who turned out last September to pay her honor on her birthday. The widow of a Municipal Court judge, Mrs. Terrell was the first Negro and one of the first two appointed to the District Board of Education. She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and was the first president of the National Association imperative. The rules under which his subcommittee operates, Mr. McCarthy told the Senate Rules Subcommittee, are "almost ideal." This is to say that "ideal" rules are those which have permitted one-man hearings without check, the bullying and vilification of witnesses, the launching of investigations without reference to the subcommittee as a whole, the injuring of the national security (as in the Fort Monmouth hoax) on a wild goose chase, the invasion of the executive jurisdiction, an invitation to Federal employees to violate the espionage laws, the proliferation of reckless charges without relation to facts or evidence. "Ideal" rules, by Mr. McCarthy's criterion, amount to almost no rules at all. The Wisconsin Senator then proceeded to give an example of what we presume he means by fairness by reiterating the charge that Dorothy Kenyon was a member of the Communist Party and adding that he had the testimony of the two witnesses, if there is a shred of truth in it, would be enough to prosecute her for perjury. But Senator McCarthy says he contemplates doing nothing about it. What is this but a repetition of the infamous revolving smear that has come to be known as McCarthyism? "I don't think you can pass any rule," Senator McCarthy said, "that can make any irresponsible man a responsible man." When applied to the Senator from Wisconsin this may well be true. His whole statement is in effect a declaration that he will respect no rules. But does this mean that irresponsibility must be enthroned? Certainly the Senate can strive for fair and effective rules. Beyond this, it has a duty to apply the yardstick of decency to the conduct of its own members. Senator McCarthy's arrogance, his clear contempt for any restraint and his disregard of any sense of obligation to the body in which he sits, make passage of the Flanders resolution the more appropriate. The Senate has every reason of morality, conscience and its own prestige, to vote resoundingly tomorrow to censure its most singularly irresponsible member. New District Taxes With the new District sales taxes coming into effect on Sunday, some merchants apparently have only the remotest idea of what is expected of them. The new 1 percent tax on food for human consumption off the premises where it is sold and the 2 percent tax on all restaurant meals costing more than 50 cents will have to be collected by hundreds of stores. And those stores will have to be registered and authorized to act as collectors. Some of them are apparently quite unprepared to assume the new responsibility. Where the fault for this unpreparedness lies is not entirely clear. Officials complain that some merchants have taken no notice of the instructions they have received. It is said that information about the new taxes went out to grocers a month ago; that meetings have been held with various groups of merchants and restaurant operators; that registration certificates are now being widely distributed to food handlers in the city's markets. Other merchants complain, however, that the Sales and Use Tax Division has been negligent in alerting the people who will have to collect the tax to their new responsibilities. And it is admitted that the bulletin telling merchants and vending machine operators what items are covered by the new taxes has not yet gone out. Apparently a special effort will have to be made to get the broader collecting system into smooth operation. The District cannot afford to lose revenue for want of an efficient collection system. In this undertaking it is entitled to the full cooperation of the business community. North of Suez Settlement of the long and acrimonious dispute between Britain and Egypt providing for British liquidation of the Suez base calls for a strategic reassessment of the Western position in the Middle East. Such are the tensions prevailing in East-West relations! As part of the liquidation, 80,000 British troops are due for withdrawal. Presumably some will go home, but the bulk of them will doubtless be divided between Libya and Cyprus is the new headquarters for the British Middle Eastern command. This country has worked closely with the parties to this agreement with a view to achieving a settlement. The United States is itself developing a strategical posture in the Middle East. So far this posture has been limited to the military aid agreements with Turkey and Pakistan, which, with our diplomatic blessing, have themselves become allies in a new Middle Eastern defense system. However, these two countries are situated at the opposite ends of the Middle Eastern region. It was Suez that occupied the central position as a sort of connecting link. Under the new agreement with Egypt, the British are given the right to reoccupy the Suez in the event of war, but the tempo of modern war makes the concession more in the old British reign at Suez. Lord [Pannerston?] was not in favor of construction. He thought-and rightly -that the Canal would require the British to control Egypt. And he, like Lord Castlereagh, was not the type of empire-builder that dominated Britain with the rise of Disraeli. There are still diehards in Britain and in Sir Winston Churchill's party who think of this agreement with Egypt as a sellout. While Churchill is not in character in liquidating Suez, he knows better than his hidebound critics that the air-atomic age has imposed limitations on Suez-though it certainly has not dispensed with Suez or some equivalent base-and that there are alternative resources available. Unfinished Business Now that the filibuster in the Senate is over, the workload remaining in Congress looms up with extraordinary proportions. Bills in committees have been delayed, conference reports have been held up, and the flow of legislation to the White House virtually halted. Despite its exhaustion, the Senate now must return to the consideration of many measures that simply cannot be put off until next year. President Eisenhower listed the most important items of unfinished business yesterday. These include the farm bill, the tax bill, the conference committee's housing bill, social security and foreign aid. The President said he would be bitterly disappointed if action were not completed on these items. We think the country would be also. There was an unmistakable inference from what the President said at his press conference that he expects Congress to remain in session until this minimum program is enacted regardless of how long that may take. The President also included in his list of urgent bills the Attorney General's anti-Communist measures. Presumably this includes the bill drafted to carry out his own proposal that citizenship be withdrawn from persons who participate in the Communist conspiracy. As this seems to us the wrong approach to the subversive problem, we do no think the bill deserves a place beside the major legislation on housing, taxes, agriculture and social security. There are, however, some other bills that ought to be on the urgent list. Mr. Eisenhower himself said that he had not put the measure to increase the legal debt limit on the list only because he had taken that for granted and because it had not been a part of his original legislative program. Perhaps it is now too late to save the Hawaii-Alaska statehood bill and the health reinsurance bill. But action should certainly be completed on the measure providing unemployment compensation for four million additional workers. This bill has passed the House and is on the Senate calendar. Likewise the urgently-needed amendments to the District's Unemployment Compensation Law should be passed. As all the work done on bills during the last two sessions will be wiped out at the forthcoming adjournment, both houses could well afford to stay in session a few extra days to clear their calendars of all constructive measures that are near the enactment stage. Mary Church Terrell Dr. Mary Church Terrell, who died last Saturday at the age of 90, was a gracious lady and a staunch fighter for human freedom. Her most noteworthy service was her constant, patient and dignified effort to advance the cause of Negro equality; but her interests were far broader than those of a single race. She fought discrimination and bigotry wherever she found it, but always with understanding rather than hatred. She had become a real civic institution in Washington, and the esteem and affection in which she was held was attested by the more than 700 persons from all walks of life who turned out last September to pay her honor on her birthday. The widow of a Municipal Court judge, Mrs. Terrell was the first Negro and one of the first two women appointed to the District Board of Education. She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and was the first president of the National Association of Negro Women. She also worked for woman suffrage, was a delegate to the Congress of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, and was listed by her alma mater, Oberlin College, as one of its most distinguished alumnae. Recently she was a principal in the Thompson restaurant case that brought enforcement of the antidiscrimination laws. It must have been a source of great satisfaction to her in the last year of a life that began the year of the Emancipation Proclamation to see the Supreme Court dispose of the largest barrier to equality in the schools. Washington is the richer because Mary Church Terrell lived here, and her death is a real loss to the Nation's Capital. Open the Arboretum No doubt it has come as a surprise to many Washingtonians who have attempted to visit the National Arboretum to learn that it is closed on Saturdays and Sundays. This policy effectively tion to the body in which he sits, make passage of the Flanders resolution the more appropriate. The Senate has every reason of morality, conscience and its own prestige, to vote resoundingly tomorrow to censure its most singularly irresponsible member. New District Taxes With the new District sales taxes coming into effect on Sunday, some merchants apparently have only the remotest idea of what is expected of them. The new 1 percent tax on food for human consumption off the premises where it is sold and the 2 percent tax on all restaurant meals costing more than 50 cents will have to be collected by hundreds of stores. And those stores will have to be registered and authorized to act as collectors. Some of them are apparently quite unprepared to assume the new responsibility. Where the fault for this unpreparedness lies is not entirely clear. Officials complain that some merchants have taken no notice of the instructions they have received. It is said that information about the new taxes went out to grocers a month ago; that meetings have been held with various groups of merchants and restaurant operators; that registration certificates are now being widely distributed to food handlers in the city's markets. Other merchants complain, however, that the Sales and Use Tax Division has been negligent in alerting the people who will have to collect the tax to their new responsibilities. And it is admitted that the bulletin telling merchants and vending machine operators what items are covered by the new taxes has not yet gone out. Apparently a special effort will have to be made to get the broader collecting system into smooth operation. The District cannot afford to lose revenue for want of an efficient collection system. In this undertaking it is entitled to the full cooperation of the business community. North of Suez Settlement of the long and acrimonious dispute between Britain and Egypt providing for British liquidation of the Suez base calls for a strategic reassessment of the Western position in the Middle East. Such are the tensions prevailing in East-West relations! As part of the liquidation, 80,000 British troops are due for withdrawal. Presumably some will go home, but the bulk of them will doubtless be divided between Libya and Cyprus. In Libya the British have bases, and Cyprus is the new headquarters for the British Middle Eastern command. This country has worked closely with the parties to this agreement with a view to achieving a settlement. The United States is itself developing a strategical posture in the Middle East. So far this posture has been limited to the military aid agreements in Turkey and Pakistan, which, with our diplomatic blessing, have themselves become allies in a new Middle Eastern region. It was Suez that occupied the central position as a sort of connecting link. Under the new agreement with Egypt, the British are given the right to reoccupy the Suez in the event of war, but the tempo of modern war makes the concession more in the nature of secondary support. In other words, a substitute must now be found for Suez. Why not the Negev, the wide southern desert of Israel occupying nearly half the country? The area stretches from the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba to the Mediterranean near Gaza. It is the only tolerable alternative to Suez so far as access from two seas, Red and Mediterranean, are concerned. If an arrangement could be made with Israel, not only would the present vacuum of strategic power be filled, but there might be a tranquilizing factor introduced in Middle Eastern politics. Now that the dispute with Britain has been settled, clearly the hotheads in Egypt will be spoiling for an accounting with the Israelis. The increasing militancy toward Israel in the statements to carry out his own proposal [?] withdrawn from persons who participate in the Communist conspiracy. As this seems to us the wrong approach to the subversive problem, we do not think the bill deserves a place beside the major legislation on housing, taxes, agriculture and social security. There are, however, some other bills that ought to be on the urgent list. Mr. Eisenhower himself said that he had not put the measure to increase the legal debt limit on the list only because he had taken that for granted and because it had not been a part of his original legislative program. Perhaps it is now too late to save the Hawaii- Alaska statehood bill and the health reinsurance bill. But action should certainly be completed on the measure providing unemployment compensation for four million additional workers. This bill has passed the House and is on the Senate calendar. Likewise the urgently-needed amendments to the District's Unemployment Compensation Law should be passed. As all the work done on bills during the last two sessions will be wiped out at the forth-coming adjournment, both houses could well afford to stay in session a few extra days to clear their calendars of all constructive measures that are near the enactment stage. Mary Church Terrell Dr. Mary Church Terrell, who died last Saturday at the age of 90, was a gracious lady and a staunch fighter for human freedom. Her most noteworthy service was her constant, patient and dignified effort to advance the cause of Negro equality; but her interests were far broader than those of a single race. She fought discrimination and bigotry wherever she found it, but always with understanding rather than hatred. She had become a real civic institution in Washington, and the esteem and affection in which was held was attested by the more than 70 persons from all walks of life who turned out last September to pay her honor on her birthday. The widow of a Municipal Court judge, Mrs. Terrell was the first Negro and one of the first two women appointed to the District Board of Education. She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and was the first president of the National Association of Negro Women. She also worked for woman suffrage, was a delegate to the Congress of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, and was listed by her alma mater, Oberlin College, as one of its most distinguished alumnae. Recently, she was a principal in the Thompson restaurant case that brought enforcement of the antidiscrimination laws. It must have been a source of great satisfaction to her in the last year of a life that began the year of the Emancipation Proclamation to see the Supreme Court dispose of the largest barrier to equality in the schools. Washington is the richer because Mary Church Terrell lived here, and her death is a real loss to the Nation's Capital. Open the Arboretum No doubt it has come as a surprise to many Washingtonians who have attempted to visit the National Arboretum to learn that it is closed on Saturdays and Sundays. This policy effectively denies enjoyment of a lovely tract of woods and shrubs in northeast Washington to most persons who must work for a living. The explanation of the Department of Agriculture, which operates the arboretum, is that insufficient personnel are available to maintain guard service on weekends. The arboretum is open to the public on weekends during the azalea season in the spring; but at other times it is open only by appointment on weekdays. The Department of Agriculture of course cannot be blamed if the staffing problem is a question of appropriations, but does not the matter call for some attention by Congress? The National Arboretum is a treasure belonging to the people. It ought to be available for public appreciation, not hoarded like Fort Knox gold. The Evening Star With Sunday Morning Edition Washington 4, D. C. Published by The Evening Star Newspaper Company Samuel H. Kauffmann, President. Benjamin M. McKelway, Editor. Main Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. (4) New York: 420 Lexington Ave. (17) Chicago: 221 N. La Salle St. (1) Detroit: New Center Building (2) San Francisco: Russ Building (4) Los Angeles: 612 S. Flower St. (14) European Bureau-- Paris, France: 21 Rue De Berri Delivered by Carrier Evening and Sunday Evening Sunday Monthly____1.75* Weekly____30c Monthly____65c Weekly______40c Monthly 1.30* Weekly_____15c *10c additional for Night Final Edition. Rates by Mail---Payable in Advance Anywhere in the United States Evening and Sunday Evening Sunday 1 year______25.00 1 year______17.00 1 year_____10.00 6 months _____13.00 6 months_____9.00 6 months____5.50 1 month ______2.25 1 month_______2.00 1 month______1.25 Telephone: Sterling 3-5000 Entered at the Post Office, Washington, D. C., as second-class mail matter. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is entitled exclusively to the use for republication of all the local news printed in this newspaper as well as all A. P. news dispatches. A-22 * THURSDAY, July 29, 1954 End of the Central Bridge Battle It looks as though the long and frustrating "battle of the bridges" is over at last. The news is as welcome in this area. as a drought-relieving shower. The announced agreement among the feuding authorities on a new central-district bridge across the Potomac River comes in time for possible last-minute approval of Congress before adjournment. Chairman Case of the Senate District Committee, who played a leading role in bringing the disputants together, has promised to try to maneuver the compromise plan through Congress as an amendment to the House-passed Jones Point bridge bill. It is to be hoped that the tactic will be successful, so that planning for the new span can be started at once. The proposed bridge would cut across the river downstream from the debated and abandoned E street and New Hampshire bridge sites. By so doing it would bypass Roosevelt Island, any encroachment on which has been bitterly opposed by the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Association. On the District side the bridge would be tied in with Twenty-fourth street, which would be rebuilt as a major link in the so-called inner loop around the city. The street would tunnel under the Mall west of the Lincoln Memorial, to avoid conflict with Mall traffic and park plans. The agreement on this site was announced by Chairman Case after a breakfast attended by Engineer Commissioner Prentiss, Chairman Batholomew of the National Capital Planning Commission and Director Wirth of the National Park Service. There also was an interagency agreement about the Roaches Run bridge proposal of the NCPC staff, with a proviso that is questionable, to say the least. The proviso was that the Roaches Run structure (which previously had been rejected by the District Highway Department as unwise) should serve as a substitute for the long-authorized twin Fourteenth street bridge. This phase of the "peace pact" between the District and the NCPC calls for more careful study than obviously has been given to it so far. Congress some years ago vetoed the idea of a single bridge at Fourteenth street in favor of twin bridges, one of them to replace the present Highway bridge. The Roaches Run proposal would run counter to congressional intent. Congress should look with favor on the settlement of the central-area bridge dispute , however. Chairman Case deserves praise for his mediation services. And the parties to the controversy have shown good sense in sitting down together and working out a solution to one of Washington's more pressing traffic-bottleneck problems. Curbing Senator McCarthy Senator McCarthy's defense of himself as a committee chairman and the resolution of censure which Senator Flanders is expected to call up tomorrow are not birds of the same feather. But neither can they be treated as two entirely separate and distinct things. The McCarthy statement was submitted to the Jenner subcommittee, which is considering a proposal that the senate should adopt a code of "fair procedures" to govern committee hearings. In essence, the Wisconsin Senator's position is that he has not been unfair to witness, and that there is nothing wrong with the present More than half of a century ago she was accepted in the capitals of Europe as a delegate of all Americans, not merely those of her specific race or sex. She possessed the democratic philosophy in its full flower of the inclusive progress. Here in Washington she was a good neighbor, generously sharing in all constructive social work. Mrs. Terrell lived to see the Negro community achieve advances unmatched by any other people. In many of its accomplishments she played a commanding part. But what pleased her most was the confident belief that gain for any group is profit to all. She represented in herself a noble faith in one world-wide fellowship of God's children without regard to any arbitrary limitation or handicap. So she should be remembered. Mr. Knowland Really Leads Majority Leader Knowland, in The Star's opinion, deserves commendation for the methods he used to break the filibuster against the atomic energy bill. There have been anguished complaints from some of those who felt the majority leader's heavy hand. Mr. Knowland was likened to Louis XIV. He was accused of "parliamentary bludgeoning.". When he cracked the whip to expedite a final vote, there were those who said that he was the "real obstructionist." These protests and others like them, one ventures to say, will fall on millions of deaf or indifferent ears. The job of the majority leader is to lead. Mr. Knowland tried to be reasonable. He did not try to ram the bill through without adequate debate. The filibustering opponents were decisively beaten on the key test more than a week ago. Yet they continued to talk and talk and talk, hoping, apparently, to talk and the bill to death. Mr. Knowland tried to obtain a voluntary agreement to limit debate. He failed. He tried cloture and that failed. Meanwhile, the key measures in the administration's legislative program were being backed up and seriously threatened by the filibuster. What was the majority leader supposed to do? He might, of course, have yielded to the phony protests that this was a giveaway measure, a vill which betrayed the public interest. He might have contently forgotten that the objectives sought in the bill had been unanimously endorsed by the five members of the Atomic Energy Commission, three of whom were Democratic appointees. He might, in short, have withdrawn the bill. Or he might have let the filibusters go on at a leisurely pace, talking by day and sleeping by night, until it would be too late to get anything done in this session of Congress. But Mr. Knowland did not take either of these courses. Instead, he took the position that he was not going to permit a "willful minority" to dominate the Senate. He kept the pressure on until the final vote was taken. And the outcome of that vote-- 28 Senators against the bill, 57 for it -- pretty well speaks for itself. Mr. Knowland deserves praise, not censure. Suez Agreement Although it involves a number of risks, the Anglo-Egyptian Suez agreement, which is in line with present-day realities, is highly gratifying for two reasons above it all: It assuages a grave point of friction in the Middle East, and it holds out a good promise that the West's position will now be strengthened at that great strategic crossroads of the world. Under the agreement--which will take effect in a definitive treaty to be negotiated and signed within the next two months or so -- Britain will hand over to Egyptian control and administration its formidable network of military bases in the Canal Zone. In doing so, it will withdraw-- within 20 months after the treaty's coming into force --all the troops it now has stationed there. about 83,000 of them. But it will be permitted to maintain certain installations with 2,000 or 3,000 of its own civilian personnel. In effect, what this means is that the British--for the first time since 1882--will give up call their past imperial prerogatives in Egypt and remove from the country the last vestige of their military occupation. However, in exchange, Premier Nasser's government has agreed that they will be free to reactivate and operate the Suez bases--"on a war footing"-- in the event of an armed attack on Turkey or any of the eight states in the Arab League. Nevertheless, despite this assurance, the critics of the agreement--including more than a few parliamentary members of Prime Minister Churchill's Conservative Paris, France: 21 Rue De Berri Delivered by Carrier Evening and Sunday Monthly 1.75* Weekly 40c Evening Weekly 30c Monthly 1.30* Sunday Monthly 65c Weekly 15c *10c additional for Night Final Edition Rates by Mail--Payable in Advance Anywhere in the United States Evening and Sunday 1 year 25.00 6 months 13.00 1 month 2.25 Evening 1 year 17.00 6 months 9 00 1 month 2.00 Sunday 1 year 10.00 6 months 5.50 1 month 1.25 Telephone: Sterling 3-5000 Entered at the Post Office, Washington, D. C., as second-class mail matter. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is entitled exclusively to the use for republication of all the local news printed in this newspaper as well as all A. P. news dispatches. A--22 Thursday, July 29, 1954 End of the Central Bridge Battle It looks as though the long and frustrating "battle of the bridges" is over at last. The news is as welcome is this area as a drought-relieving shower. The announced agreement among the feuding authorities on a new central-district bridge across the Potomac River comes in time for possible last-minute approval of Congress before adjournment Chairman Case of the Senate District Committee, who played a leading role in bringing the disputants together, has promised to try to maneuver the compromise plan through Congress as an amendment to the House-passed Jones Point bridge bill. It is to be hoped that the tactic will be successful, so that the planning for the new span can be started at once. The proposed bridge would cut across the river downstream from the debated and abandoned E street and New Hampshire bridge sites. By so doing it would bypass Roosevelt Island, any encroachment on which has been bitterly opposed by the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Association. On the District side the bridge would be tied in the Twenty-fourth street, which would be rebuilt as a major link in the so-called inner loop around the city. The street would tunnel under the Mall west of the Lincoln Memorial, to avoid conflict with Mall traffic and park plans. The agreement on this site was announced by Chairman Case after a breakfast attended by Engineer Commissioner Prentiss, Chairman Bartholomew of the National Capital Planning Commission and Director Wirth of the National Park Service. There also was an interagency agreement about the Roaches Run bridge proposal pf the NCPC staff, with a proviso that is questionable, to say the least. The proviso was that the Roaches Run structure (which previously had been rejected by the District Highway Department as unwise) should serve as a substitute for the long-authorized twin Fourteenth street bridge. This phase of the "peace pact" between the District and the NCPC calls for more careful study than obviously has been given to it so far. Congress some years ago vetoed the idea of a single bridge at Fourteenth street in favor of twin bridges, one of them to replace the present Highway bridge. The Roaches Run proposal would run counter to congressional intent. Congress should look with favor on the settlement of the central-area bridge dispute, however. Chairman Case deserves praise for his mediation services. And the parties to the controversy have shown good sense in sitting down together and working out a solution to one of Washington's more pressing traffic-bottleneck problems. Curbing Senator McCarthy Senator McCarthy's defense of himself as a committee chairman and the resolution of censure which Senator Flanders is expected to call up tomorrow are not birds of the same feather. But neither can they be treated as two entirely separate and distinct things. The McCarthy statement was submitted to the Jenner subcommittee, which is considering a proposal that the Senate should adopt a code of "fair procedures" to govern committee hearings. In essence, the Wisconsin Senator's position is that he has not been unfair to witnesses, and that there is nothing wrong with the present procedures. Vermont's Republican Senator Flanders has offered a resolution censuring and reprimanding Senator McCarthy, in connection with his committee hearings, for conduct "unbecoming a member of the Senate." The conduct according to Senator Flanders, has tended "to bring the Senate into disrepute." A resolution of this sort impales many a Senator up for re-election on the horns of a painful dilemma. And some of them are much better than average Senators. Furthermore, it is the kind of resolution which even if adopted, would not necessarily have any restraining effect on Senator McCarthy. The real objective of both the proposed code of fair procedures and of Senator Flanders is to bring about a climate in which Senate hearings will be conducted with integrity and in which witnesses and accused persons will be treated fairly. The faith in one world-wide fellowship of God's children without regard to any arbitrary limitation or handicap. So she should be remembered. Mr. Knowland Really Leads Majority Leader Knowland, in The Star's opinion, deserves commendation for the methods he used to break the filibuster against the atomic energy bill. There have been anguished complaints from some of those who felt the majority leader's heavy hand. Mr. Knowland was likened to Louis XIV. He was accused of "parliamentary bludgeoning." When he cracked the whip to expedite a final vote, there were those who said that he was the "real obstructionist." These protests and others like them, one ventures to say, will fall on millions of deaf or indifferent ears. The job of the majority leader is to lead. Mr. Nowland tried to be reasonable. He did not try to ram the bill through without adequate debate. The filibustering opponents were decisively beaten on the key test more than a week ago. Yet they continued to talk and talk and talk, hoping, apparently, to talk the bill to death. Mr. Knowland tried to obtain a voluntary agreement to limit debate. He failed. He tried cloture and that failed. Meanwhile, the key measures in the administration's legislative program were being backed up and seriously threatened by the filibuster. What was the majority leader supposed to do? He might, of course, have yielded to the phony protests that this was a giveaway measure, a bill which betrayed the public interest. He might have conveniently forgotten that the objectives sought in the bill had been unanimously indorsed by the five members of the Atomic Energy Commission, three of whom were Democratic appointees. He might, in short, have withdrawn the bill. Or he might have let the filibusters go on at a leisurely pace, talking by day and sleeping by night, until it would be too late to get anything done in the session of Congress. But Mr. Knowland did not take either of these courses. Instead, he took the position that he was not going to permit a "willful minority" to dominate the Senate. He kept the pressure on until the final vote was taken. And the outcome of that vote - 28 Senators against the bill, 57 for it - pretty well speaks for itself. Mr. Knowland deserves praise, not censure. Suez Agreement Although it involves a number of risks, the Anglo-Egyptian Suez agreement, which is in line with present-day realities, is highly gratifying for two reasons above all: It assuages a grave point of friction in the Middle East, and it holds out a good promise that the West's position will now be strengthened at that great strategic crossroads of the world. Under the agreement - which will take effect in a definite treaty to be negotiated and signed within the next two months or so - Britain will hand over the Egyptian control and administration its formidable network of military bases in the canal zone. In doing so, it will withdraw - within 20 months after the treaty's coming into force - all the troops it now has stationed there, about 83,000 of them. But it will be permitted to maintain certain installations with 2,000 or 3,000 of its own civilian personnel. In effect, what this means is that the British - for the first time since 1882 - will give up all their past imperial prerogatives in Egypt and remove from the country the last vestige of their military occupation. However, in exchange, Premier Nasser's government has agreed that they will be free to reactivate and operate the Suez bases - "on a war footing" - in the event of an armed attack on Turkey or any of the eight states in the Arab League. Nevertheless, despite this assurance, the critics of the agreement - including more than a few parliamentary members of Prime Minister Churchill's Conservative Party - have voiced bitter opposition to the settlement on the basis of such fears as the following: (1) The projected troop withdrawal will create a dangerous vacuum of military power in one of the world's most vital areas; (2) it may cause an imbalance of strength that could tempt the Arab states to renew hostilities against Israel; and (3) it may be viewed not merely as another British "retreat" but as a sign of general Western weakness, and the long-range psychological and political consequences may be exceedingly bad. Yet, regardless of these and similar considerations, the fact remains that Britain, had it refused to join in the accord, could have held on to Suez only at the price of ever-increasing violence and bloodshed in a resistant Egypt. And in such a situation, with the resulting tension spreading to all the Arab lands, the West as a whole would The proposed bridge would cut across the river downstream from the debated and abandoned E street and New Hampshire bridge sites. By so doing it would bypass Roosevelt Island, any encroachment on which has been bitterly opposed by the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Association. On the District side the bridge would be tied in with Twenty-fourth street, which would be rebuilt as a major link in the so-called inner loop around the city. The street would tunnel under the Mall west of the Lincoln Memorial, to avoid conflict with Mall traffic and park plans. The agreement on this site was announced by Chairman Case after a breakfast attended by Engineer Commissioner Prentiss, Chairman Bartholomew of the National Capital Planning Commission and Director Wirth of the National Park Service. There also was an interagency agreement about the Roaches Run bridge proposal of the NCPC staff, with a proviso that is questionable, to say the least. The proviso was that the Roaches Run structure (which previously had been rejected by the District Highway Department as unwise) should serve as a substitute for the long-authorized twin Fourteenth street bridge. This phase of the "peace pact" between the District and the NCPC calls for more careful study than obviously has been given to it so far. Congress some years ago vetoed the idea of a single bridge at Fourteenth street in favor of twin bridges, one of them to replace the present Highway bridge. The Roaches Run proposal would run counter to congressional intent. Congress should look with favor on the settlement of the central-area bridge dispute, however. Chairman Case deserves praise for his mediation services. And the parties to the controversy have shown good sense in sitting down together and working out a solution to one of Washington's more pressing traffic-bottleneck problems. Curbing Senator McCarthy Senator McCarthy's defense of himself as a committee chairman and the resolution of censure which Senator Flanders is expected to call up tomorrow are not birds of the same feather. But neither can they be treated as two entirely separate and distinct things. The McCarthy statement was submitted to the Jenner subcommittee, which is considering a proposal that the Senate should adopt a code of "fair procedures" to govern committee hearings. In essence, the Wisconsin Senator's position is that he has not been unfair to witnesses, and that there is nothing wrong with the present procedures. Vermont's Republican Senator Flanders has offered a resolution censuring and reprimanding Senator McCarthy, in connection with his committee hearings, for conduct "unbecoming a member of the Senate." The conduct, according to Senator Flanders, has tended "to bring the Senate into disrepute." A resolution of this sort impales many a Senator up for re-election on the horns of a painful dilemma. And some of them are much better than average Senators. Furthermore, it is the kind of resolution which even if adopted, would not necessarily have any restraining effect on Senator McCarthy. The real objective of both the proposed code of fair procedures and of Senator Flanders is to bring about a climate in which Senate hearings will be conducted with integrity and in which witnesses and accused persons will be treated fairly. The best way to accomplish this, as far as Senator McCarthy is concerned, would be to remove him from his chairmanship. If this cannot be done, The Star believes that the only effective alternative is to adopt rules which will compel him to conduct fair and decent hearings. Mary Church Terrell Dead at 90, Mary Church Terrell passes into history as one of the truly great women of her time. No one acquainted with Mrs. Terrell could have supposed that she sought only the advantage of her own particular group. What was the majority leaders supposed to do? He might, of course, have yielded to the phony protests that this was a giveaway measure, a bill which betrayed the public interest. He might have conveniently forgotten that the objectives sought in the bill had been unanimously indorsed by the five members of the Atomic Energy Commission, three of whom were Democratic appointees. He might, in short, have withdrawn the bill. Or he might have let the filibusters go on at a leisurely pace, talking by day and sleeping by night, until it would be too late to get anything done in this session of Congress. But Mr. Knowland did not take either of these courses. Instead, he took the position that he was not going to permit a "willful minority" to dominate the Senate. He kept the pressure on until the final vote was taken. And the outcome of that vote-- 28 Senators against the bill, 57 for it-- pretty well speaks for itself. Mr. Knowland deserves praise, not censure. Suez Agreement Although it involves a number of risks, the Anglo-Egyptian Suez agreement, which is in line with present-day realities, is highly gratifying for two reasons above all: It assuages a grave point of friction in the Middle East, and it holds out a good promise that the West's position will now be strengthened at that great strategic crossroads of the world. Under the agreement--which will take effect in a definitive treaty to be negotiated and signed within the next two months or so--Britain will hand over to Egyptian control and administration its formidable network of military bases in the canal zone. In doing so, it will withdraw--within 20 months after the treaty's coming into force --all the troops it now has stationed there, about 83,000 of them. But it will be permitted to maintain certain installations with 2,000 or 3,000 of its own civilian personnel. In effect, what this means is that the British--for the first time since 1882--will give up all their past imperial prerogatives in Egypt and remove from the country the last vestige of their military occupation. However, in exchange, Premier Nasser's government has agreed that they will be free to reactivate and operate the Suez bases--"on a war footing"--in the event of an armed attack on Turkey or any of the eight states in the Arab League. Nevertheless, despite this assurance, the critics of the agreement--including more than a few parliamentary members of Prime Minister Churchill's Conservative Party--have voiced bitter opposition to the settlement on the basis of such fears as the following: (1) The projected troop withdrawal will create a dangerous vacuum of military power in one of the world's most vital areas; (2) it may cause an imbalance of strength that could tempt the Arab states to renew hostilities against Israel; and (3) it may be viewed not merely as another British "retreat" but as a sign of general Western weakness, and the long-range psychological and political consequences may be exceedingly bad. Yet, regardless of these and similar considerations, the fact remains that Britain, had it refused to join in the accord, could have held on to Suez only at the price of ever-increasing violence and bloodshed in a resistant Egypt. And in such a situation, with the resulting tension spreading to all the Arab lands, the West as a whole would have found itself faced with constantly mounting hostility throughout the Middle East--hostility of a sort most pleasing to the Kremlin and fatal to the idea of erecting common defenses against the threat of Red aggression. Accordingly, as President Eisenhower and Secretary Dulles have declared, the Suez agreement is an event to be hailed as a cheering augury. For there can be little doubt, as a result of it, that the chances have greatly improved for a concert of effort between the West and the Middle East to develop a genuinely strong system of mutual security that can be of immense value to the entire free world. [*Afro Jan. 9, 1954*] You Get It First, You Get It Right in the AFRO Pearlie's Prattle By PEARLIE COX Topping last week's social calendar was the New Year's Day reception at the Haitian Embassy. His Excellency , Ambassador Jacques Leger, was receiving in celebration of the 150th Anniversary of Haiti's Independence. And high government officials, diplomats and Capital notables crowded the white-columned building on 16th street. In tribute to Santa Clause, a Christmas tree still blazed at the Embassy entrance. And, on the inside, long-stemmed American Beauties, also roses of deeper red, as well as pretty pink ones, bloomed in halls and parlors. Supper, buffet style, was served, a cake, iced in white, rectangular in shape, and bearing a replica of the Haitian flag, forming an interesting centerpiece. And, along with ham, turkey, fish, and other items well-known to Washington's fine food enthusiasts, was Haiti's national dish, a mixture of red beans, rice and mushrooms. Receiving with the Ambassador, one of Diplomatic Row's most delightful hosts, were the Haitian minister-counsellor, and his wife. The Minister's trim little lady, charming , and so anxious to please, wore a striped gown of rich lame. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and Mrs. Dulles headed the list of high-ranking government officials. From the Capital's too social circles, came Mrs. Morris Cafritz, Miss Carol Foster, talented young actress, and Mrs. Yvonne Risher, popular member of the Gnihton, all lovely to look at in white. Choosing black for the pretty occasion were Madame Lilian Evanti, Mrs. Mercer Cook, who knows Haiti as you or I would a book; and Mrs. Naomah Maise, executive director of NCNW. Also in a dark ensemble, a single red rose enriching a black velvet hat, was Mrs. Addie Garvin, whose husband, Roy W. has been decorated by the Haitian government, Mr. Garvin wore his prized medal on his coat lapel. Present too were Jacques Antoine, one-time ambassador to the United States from Haiti, and Mrs. Antoine: General and Mrs. B.O. Davis, Dr. and Mrs. Rayford Logan, Dean William Stuart Nelson of Howard University, and Mrs. Nelson; Mesdames Catherine Hurley, Selma Gordon; Major and Mrs. Ulysses Lee, Miss Lois Jones, art instructor at Howard university and now answering to the name Pierre-Noel, Mexico's Harold Murray, S. Henry Grillo, E.W. Harrison; Messrs. and Mesdames Wayland McClellan, Hogar Nichlas; Miss Naomi Blevins, Mesdames Audrey Robinson and Frances Wood, smart in beige brocade, editor and business manager of the Washington AFRO-AMERICAN. Speaking of Haiti's Independence Day and Ambassador Leger's big celebration, look what happened in far-away areas. President Eisenhower sent greetings and best wishes to Haiti's President, the Honorable Paul E. Magloire; in Port-au-Prince Independence Day scenes were re-enacted with thousands and thousands looking on. And in Pasadena, California, where the Tournament of Roses was staged on New Year's Day, Haiti came out the winner in a Contest among Nations. SEEING '54 IN Traditional with pretty Bessie Miles Dickerson is "Seeing the New Year In." And she likes nothing better than having a jolly crowd around her when the changeover in years takes place. That's why Thursday night as '53 faded into '54, not only was Bessie's family on hand (with the exception of one lovely daughter, Mrs. Harry King of Cleveland), but many of her friends. A midnight supper, card games, quizzes and such let the hours slip by unnoticed, so most of the guests made extra-tardy departures. Receiving with Mrs. Dickerson and Lillian Taylor; her son, the handsome Ferdinand, home from his Air Force tasks in Minnesota; and her sons-in-law, Captain Colden Raines and Mr. James Taylor, and also the Captain's mother, Mrs. Exie Raines of Raleigh. Enjoying the hospitality everywhere in the attractive home, Lamont street, nw, were: Messrs. and Mesdames Tom Bryant, Maurice R. Weeks, James Taylor, George Dorsey, Charles Talbert, Kent Leacock, Warren McCallum, Quentin Banks, Nelson Roots, Robert Elliott, William Morris, Mitchell, T.R. Speller, Kennie Brown and son Roland; also the Brown's sister and niece, Mrs. Dorothy Head and daughter, Selonie of New York; Capt. and Mrs. Jos. Briscoe; Warrant Officer and Mrs. James C. Taylor; Dr. and Mrs. Roscoe McKinney; A lot of lawyers were on hand too, among them George Windsor, Thurlow Tibbs, Emory B. Smith, Maurice Weeks, and Joel Blackwell, president of the Washington Bar Association; also Miss Jean Miles, herself. Present too were Mesdames Ruth Shipley, Ila Neal; Miss Barbara Adams: Dr. Constance Quarles (in private life, Mrs. Noel Compton Jr.) and Walter Stewart. LOOK AT MARY, PLEASE While Dr. Mary Church Terrell was in Philadelphia's Convention Hall getting that diamond cross pinned on her by the Cotillion Society, Dr. Eugene Wayman Jones, director, look what was happening in New York! The Capital's Alice Trigg, member of Mrs. Terrell's famous Committee for the Enforcement of the District of Columbia Anti-Segregation Laws, was not only dinner-ing with Mrs. Annie Stein, another member now living in New York, but the two-some was planning new moves! And what with scores of Capitalites and folks from other areas in Philadelphia to see Dr. Terrell honored, looks like the nation itself loves Mary just as much as we do. Just to name a few who stopped holidaying long enough to make the trek to the City of Brotherly Love for the Terrell celebration, we list Mesdames Jane Morrow Spaulding, Geneva Valentine, Eston Taylor, Edna Ellington, Portia Ware, Virginia Scott Harris, Doris Sykes, Capt. and Mrs. Louis Mehlinger. GOULDS HOLIDAY HOSTS Maybe the Goulds of Clifton st. do have a Fifth avenue name (Mr. and Mrs. Lamont B. Gould) and maybe they are a part of the Gould family for which a whole Jersey town is named. But just the same, early on New Year's morning they must serve that lowly dish, black-eyed peas, cooked with hog jowl, spare ribs or such. Among their guests this year were Mr. and Mrs. Robert Scott, his business manager of Boys' Village of Maryland, Mr. and Mrs. Milton Brown, Dr. and Mrs. Charles S. Travis and Messrs. and Mesdames E.W. Harrison and Wilfred Travis. (Continued on Page 8) HOWARD CO-ED - Miss Jeanne Anderson has returned to her studies this semester at Howard University, after an absence. Miss Anderson won acclaim in her appearance with a summer stock group last season. She is a member of the Capitol Players which reception at the Haitian Embassy. His Excellency , Ambassador Jacques Leger, was receiving in celebration of the 150th Anniversary of Haiti's Independence. And high government officials, diplomats and Capital notables crowded the white-columned building on 16th street. In tribute to Santa Clause, a Christmas tree still blazed at the Embassy entrance. And, on the inside, long-stemmed American Beauties, also roses of deeper red, as well as pretty pink ones, bloomed in halls and parlors. Supper, buffet style, was served, a cake, iced in white, rectangular in shape, and bearing a replica of the Haitian flag, forming an interesting centerpiece. And, along with ham, turkey, fish, and other items well-known to Washington's fine food enthusiasts, was Haiti's national dish, a mixture of red beans, rice and mushrooms! Receiving with the Ambassador, one of Diplomatic Row's most delightful hosts, were the Honorable Marc Pierre Louis, Haitian minister-counsellor, and his wife. The Minister's trim little lady, charming , and so anxious to please, wore a striped gown of rich lame. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and Mrs. Dulles headed the list of high-ranking government officials. From the Capital's too social circles, came Mrs. Morris Cafritz, Miss Carol Foster, talented young actress, and Mrs. Yvonne Risher, popular member of the Gnihton, all lovely to look at in white. Choosing black for the pretty occasion were Madame Lilian Evanti, Mrs. Mercer Cook, who knows Haiti as you or I would a book; and Mrs. Naomah Maise, executive director of NCNW. Also in a dark ensemble, a single red rose enriching a black velvet hat, was Mrs. Addie Garvin, whose husband, Roy W., has been decorated by the Haitian government, Mr. Garvin wore his prized medal on his coat lapel. Present too were Jacques Antoine, one-time ambassador to the United States from Haiti, and Mrs. Antoine: General and Mrs. B.O. Davis, Dr. and Mrs. Rayford Logan, Dean William Stuart Nelson of Howard university, and Mrs. Nelson; Mesdames Catherine Hurley, Selma Gordon; Major and Mrs. Ulysses Lee, Miss Lois Jones, art instructor at Howard university and now answering to the name. Pierre-Noel; Mexico's Harold Murray, S. Henry Grillo, E. W. Harrison; Messers. and Mesdames Wayland McClellan. Hogar Nichlas: Miss Naomi Blevins; Mesdames Audrey Robinson and Frances Wood, smart in beige brocade, editor and business manager of the Washington AFRO-AMERICAN. Speaking of Haiti's Independence Day and Ambassador Leger's big celebration, look what happened in far-away areas. President Eisenhower sent greetings and best wishes to Haiti's President, the Honorable Paul E. Magliore; in Port-au-Prince Independence Day scenes were re-enacted with thousands and thousands looking on. And in Pasadena, California, where the Tournament of Roses was staged on New Year's Day, Haiti came out the winner in a Contest among Nations. SEEING '54 IN Traditional with pretty Bessie Miles Dickerson is "Seeing the New Year In.' And she likes nothing better than having a jolly crowd around her when the changeover in years takes place. That's why Thursday night as '53 faded into '54, not only was Bessie's family on hand (with the exception of one lovely daughter, Mrs. Harry King of Cleveland), but many of her friends. A midnight supper, card games, quizzes and such let the hours slip by unnoticed, so most of the guests made extra-tardy departures. Receiving with Mrs. Dickerson was her husband, Master Sergeant Daniel Dickerson: her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Toppen; her daughters, Miss Jean Miles, Mesdmes Marjorie Raines [?] his Air Force tasks in Minnesota; and her sons-in-law, Captain Colden Raines and Mr. James Taylor, and also the Captain's mother, Mrs. Exie Raines of Raleigh. Enjoying the hospitality everywhere in the attractive home, Lamont street, nw, were: Messrs. and Mesdames Tom Bryant, Maurice R. Weeks, James Taylor, George Dorsey, Charles Talbert, Kent Leacock, Warren McCallum, Quentin Banks, Nelson Roots, Robert Elliott, William Morris, Mitchell, T. R. Speller, Kennie Brown and son Roland; also the Brown's sister and niece, Mrs. Dorothy Head and daughter, Selonie of New York; Capt. and Mrs. Jos. Briscoe; Warrant Officer and Mrs. James C. Taylor; Dr. and Mrs. Roscoe McKinney; A lot of lawyers were on hand too, among them George Windsor, Thurlow Tibbs, Emory B. Smith, Maurice Weeks, and Joel Blackwell, president of the Washington Bar Association; also Miss Jean Miles, herself. Present too were Mesdames Ruth Shipley, Ila Neal; Miss Barbara Adams; Dr. Constance Quarles (in private life, Mrs. Noel Compton Jr.) and Walter Steward. LOOK AT MARY, PLEASE While Dr. Mary Church Terrell was in Philadelphia's Convention Hall getting that diamond cross pinned on her by the Cotillion Society, Dr. Eugene Wayman Jones, director, look what was happening in New York! The Capital's Alice Trigg, member of Mrs. Terrell's famous Committee for the Enforcement of the District of Columbia Anti-Segregation Laws, was not only dinner-ing with Mrs. Annie Stein, another member now living in New York, but the two-some was planning new moves! And what with scores of Capitalites and folks from other areas in Philadelphia to see Dr. Terrell honored, looks like the nation itself loves Mary just as much as we do. Just to name a few who stopped holidaying long enough to make the trek to the City of Brotherly Love for the Terrell celebration, we list Mesdames Jane Morrow Spaulding, Geneva Valentine, Eston Taylor, Edna Ellington, Portia Ware, Virginia Scott Harris, Doris Sykes, Capt. and Mrs. Louis Mehlinger. GOULDS HOLIDAY HOSTS Maybe the Goulds of Clifton st. do have a Fifth avenue name (Mr. and Mrs. Lamont B. Gould), and maybe they are a part of the Gould family for which a whole Jersey town is named. But just the same, early on New Year's morning they must serve that lowly dish, black-eyed peas, cooked with hog jowl, spare ribs or such. Among their guests this year were Mr. and Mrs. Robert Scott, he's business manager of Boy's Village of Maryland: Mrs. and Mrs. Milton Brown, Dr. and Mrs. Charles S. Travis and Messrs. and Mesdames E. W. Harrison and Wilfred Travis. HOWARD CO-ED - Miss Jeanne Anderson has returned to her studies this semester at Howard University, after an absence. Miss Anderson won acclaim in her appearance with a summer stock group last season. She is a member of the Capitol Players, which she aided in organizing, and the Howard University Players. The charming young Miss plans to teach English and drama. Star July 25, 1954 Mrs. Mary Terrell, 90, Dies; Anti-Segregation Crusader One of Country's Most Distinguished Colored Women Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, 90, long-time fighter against racial segregation in the District, died yesterday in Anne Arundel General Hospital in Annapolis, Md. One of the best-known colored women in the country, Mrs. Terrell won renown as a lecturer, author, educator and organizer. She was the widow of Robert Terrell, first colored Municipal Court judge in the District. She was most in the public eye recently while fighting racial segregation in restaurants. In 1950, she filed the complaint against the Thompson Restaurant which led to the Supreme Court decision abolishing such segregation in the District. She was one of the first two women, and the first colored woman, to be appointed to the District School Board. She served from 1895 to 1906. Described as a "Great Woman" Several hundred person, including civic leaders, educators and club women, turned out for a birthday luncheon for Mrs. Terrell in the Washington Hotel in October 1952. Among those who praised Mrs. Terrell as a humanitarian was Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson, president of Howard university. Dr. Johnson described the strong fight led by Mrs. Terrell against segregation in Washington and elsewhere, saying: "Here was one of the great women of the world who has triumphed over all manner of human handicaps and has been a power for good all over the world." Mrs. Terrell, an 1884 graduate of Oberlin College, spent three years studying in Europe before she was appointed to the District School Board. In 1949 Mrs. Terrell accepted chairmanship of the Co-ordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the District's Anti-Discrimination Laws. Fought for Suffrage. Mrs. Terrell became interested in club work among colored women as early as 1896. In that year she organized the National Association of Colored Women and became its first president. In 1898 Mrs. Terrell entered the fight for woman suffrage. She was invited to make an important address at the annual convention of the National Women Suffrage Association. She was a close friend of Susan B. Anthony and remained active in the suffrage movement until 1920. In 1904 Mrs. Terrell represented the colored women of America at the International Council of Women in Berlin. She delivered addresses there on the progress and problems of colored women in English, German and French. Later Mrs. Terrell went to similar meetings in Zurich and at London as a spokesman for women of her race. During her travels, Mrs. Terrell met and made friends with authors, lecturers, and educators of world renown. In 1909 she assisted in organizing the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and became a charter member. Published an Autobiography. Mrs. Terrell's growing prominence led Oberlin College to place her in 1932 on the list of the college's most famous graduates. The civic leader's work in social service won her a citation from the Women's Continental Congress in New York in 1940. In the following year, Mrs. Terrell published her autobiography, "A Colored Woman in a White World," with a preface by H.G. Wells. The title was MARY CHURCH TERRELL. an exact one. Mrs. Terrell wrote of herself more as a member of the Negro race than an an individual. The book received widespread attention from thoughtful people all over the world. The writer was the daughter of parents born into slavery. Her point of view lent dramatic appeal to her words. Mrs. Terrell wrote of shocking And humiliating experiences which befell her at the hands of prejudiced persons, but the general tone of the book was optimistic and reflected a character endowed with courage and a strong love for life. Honored by Colleges. Mrs. Terrell was awarded a degree of doctor of letters from Wilberforce University in 1946. Two years later she received doctor of human letters degrees from Oberlin College and Howard University. In 1949 Dr. Terrell was backed by the National convention of the American Association of University Women in her contention that chapters of the association should admit members without regard to race, color or creed. The convention voted 2,168 to 65 to continue this policy despite opposition in the Washington chapter. Dr. Terrell's efforts to eliminate discrimination against members of her race by local restaurants won an honorary citation from the NAACP in 1951. In recent years Dr. Terrell headed committees which negotiated with restaurants. She helped to lobby on Capitol Hill against discrimination and joined in the picketing of stores known to discriminate against her race. Dr. Terrell was a member of the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, the Washington Fellowship, Barristers Wives and many other social land civic groups. Supported Gov. Stevenson. Although a life-long Republican, Mrs. Terrell turned away from the G.O.P. in the November elections of 1952 and declared she was supporting Gov. Stevenson, the Democratic Nominee. Mrs. Terrell explained that the Governor of Illinois "has shown beyond the shadow of a doubt that he judges people by their ability, character and words on general principles and not by the color of their skin." Mrs. Terrell, who lived at 1615 S street NW., in Washington, was staying in her summer home in Highland Beach, Md., when her health failed recently. She went to the hospital Thursday. With her lived her daughter, Mrs. Phyllis Langston. Another daughter, Mrs. Mary Beaudreau, lives in Los Angeles. She is also survived by a sister, Miss Annette Church; a niece, Miss Roberta Church, both of 1919 Third street N.W., and a nephew, Thomas Church, stationed in Japan. Funeral arrangements are incomplete. AFRO MAGAZINE SECTION NEGRO HISTORY WEEK February 7-14, 1954 Thurgood Marshall A leader in the fight for integration in public schools. Dr. Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950) Historian and founder of Negro History Week. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell A leader in the fight against segregation in Washington, D.C. The Theme "Negro History--A Foundation For Integration" False historical concepts cause beliefs that certain races of mankind are inherently depraved and inferior. The general acceptance of such beliefs has resulted in attitudes of intolerance, and in patterns of prejudice and segregation which are detrimental to the aims, ambitions and hopes of the colored peoples of the world. The job of Negro History is to erase the false concepts of racial superiority and inferiority from the-so-called "history instruction" in America. By changing the beliefs which have resulted in attitudes of intolerance, Negro History helps to create the atmosphere in which true integration can exist. To this extent, Negro History is a "Foundation for integration." Afro-American, The Washington Afro-American, February 2, 1954 7,000 Jam Convention Hall For Cotillion Society's Ball By HENRY R. DARLING Of The Bulletin Staff The Philadelphia Cotillion Society presented its fifth annual Christmas Cotillion in Convention Hall last night before a crowd of about 7,000. The varied program included a ballet fantasy, "King of Dreams," the presentation of an award to a 90-year-old woman, a recital by a 19-year-old organist, an exhibition of ballroom dancing and an opportunity for dancing for all. Music ranged from the weird beat of Haitian drums through the swing rhythms of three dance bands to the incomparable performance of Philadelphia Orchestra members. The cotillion represents the high spot of the year for many of Philadelphia's Negroes. Generally, it is a formal dance in the grand manner, and its profits are used by the society to provide financial aid to a number of charitable and cultural agencies. Highest Award Presented Last night, the society's highest award, the Diamond Cross of Malta, was presented to Dr. Mary Church Terrell in recognition of her "nearly 66 years of unrelenting activity in behalf of a downtrodden minority." Dr. Terrell, whose brightness of eye and quickness of step belies her 90 years, was graduated from Oberlin College in 1884 and was one of the first women appointed to the Board of Education at Washington, D.C. She is founder of the National Association of Colored Women, co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and secretary of the Race Relations Committee of the Washington Federation of Churches. In 1951 her efforts aided in the opening of Washington restaurants to all, regardless of race, and in 1953 she defied the segregation rule in Washington theaters and initiated activity which has led to the opening of the theaters to all persons. The award was presented by Mrs. Robert L. Vann, publisher of the Pittsburgh Courier newspapers. The citation was read by Samuel H. Daroff, chairman of the Pennsylvania Commission on Race Relations. Colorful, Fantastic Ballet The "King of Dreams" was a delightfully colorful and fantastic production which deals with the dreams of a young queen. The pleasant and beautiful interpretations of queenly reveries in the "jeweled isles of the Caribbees" apparently dissolve into a nightmare people with "Lim Lims" and "Lords of No-Rest." The "King of Dreams" comes to the rescue of the distressed queen and dispatches his marshal to fight the knightmayr and his demons. The marshal triumphs, the knight-mayr is banished and the queen sleeps peacefully. More than 800 performers took part in the ballet. The story and production was the work of Eugene W. Jones. Direction and choreography were handled by Sydney King, Vivienne Certaine, Eleanor Harris, Leigh Parham and Faye Peamon. Impressive Production Props and costumes were impressive. What appeared as a conglomeration of electrical wire and cardboard cutouts backstage before the performance began developed into a beautiful "Castle of Pearls" when the floodlights were turned on. Japanese lanterns were used effectively by lantern bearers during the production to form an exotic backdrop for the entrance of the King. Long, flowing costumes, containing enough material to cover four and a half football fields, were ideally suited for the racing, bouncing figures who had the whole of the Convention Hall floor in which to cavort. The ballet approached realism only when three youths carried jungle-type drums to the center of the floor and squatting in the white light of a single beam, lost themselves in a wild rhythm, beating the instruments with the palms of their hands. Distinguished Guests Among the guests at the cotillion were more than 30 representatives of the diplomatic corps from 24 countries. They were led in procession by the Nicaraguan ambassador, Guillermo Sevilla-Sacasa, and the minister of India, S. N. Haksar. Also in the guest stands were a number of civil and government officials including Walter Phillips, city representative; Richardson Dilworth, district attorney; Judge Louis E. Levinthal, of Common Pleas Court; Judge Herbert E. Millen, of the Municipal Court, and Dr. William H. Gray, Jr., executive director of the Commission on Industrial Race Relations. A gift was presented to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People by Fletcher Pierce, president of Bronzemen, Inc, a co-operating organization. State Dept. Gives Stand On Congress Travelers Washington, Dec. 31—(UP)— The State Department informed Representative Hoffman (R-Mich) today that it gives junketing congressmen whatever foreign currency they want and it asks no questions about how they spend it. Under law, Assistant Secretary of State Thruston B. Morton told Hoffman, that's all the department can do. Congress itself gave its members the right to use counterpart funds to finance their foreign inspection trips. This is currency put up by foreign countries to match U. S. aid under the foreign aid program. Hoffman is checking into reports that globe-trotting congressmen have been spending government funds not only for legitimate congressional business but. in some cases. for high-living, liquor and presents for their wives. Real values in attractive homes in all parts of the city and suburbs appear every day in the week in the Want Ad Columns of The Bulletin.-Advertisement. Diamond Cross of Malta, highest award of the Philadelphia Cotillion Society, is presented to Dr. Mary Church Terrell (left), of Washington, by Mrs. Robert L. Vann, publisher of the Pittsburgh Courier, at the society's Christmas Cotillion at Convention Hall. With them is Judge Herbert E. Millen, of the Municipal Court. Evening Bulletin Dec. 31, 1953 The Washington Post Eugene Meyer, Chairman of the Board James Russel Wiggins, Vice President and Managing Editor Robert H. Estabrook ........ Editorial Page Editor Herbert Elliston ........ Contributing Editor Philip L. Graham, President and Publisher John W. Sweeterman ... Vice President and General Manager Charles C. Boysen .......... Secretary Donald M. Bernard .......... Advertising Director An Independent Newspaper *** Wednesday, September 23, 1953 Page 14 Prelude To Candor Secretary Humphrey did well yesterday to conteract the implication some persons mistakenly saw in President Eisenhower's Boston speech that there would be no tax cuts to January 1. The Administration's pledge for an end to the excess profits tax and a 10 percent reduction in individual income taxes is too far advanced for there to be reneging now. The excess far profits tax, moreover, is in any case a regressive measure which places an undesirable brake on capital investment. Nevertheless, it would be foolish to pretend that new or compensatory taxes may not be necessary. If the much advertised Operation Candor speech by President Eisenhower measures up to expectations, the country may experience, in addition to some stark talk about the necessities of the hydrogen bomb age, a radically different emphasis on air defense. Even though a change of emphasis might not require the spending of many additional billions immediately, it certainly would necessitate some budgetary adjustments. Thus it could well be that the total demand for revenue next year will be greater rather than smaller than this year. A precautionary note is evident in Secretary Humphrey's attention to defense needs. "With the real possibility of an atomic Pearl Harbor hanging directly over our heads," he said, "and with the knowledge of the Russian capability to produce an even more potent weapon, national security is a matter of first concern." Similarly, President Eisenhower observed, among the initial speculation, that "there is no sacrifice-no labor, no tax, no service- too hard for us to bear a logical and necessary defense of our freedom." These are hints that new tax measures may lie ahead. Undoubtedly there will be constant pressure on the Administration to pander to the politicians and candy-coat the pill. Important as are tax reductions and a balanced budget, however, the national defense is more important; and some more definite financial talk from the Administration would help enlist public support. We think the bankers now meeting in Washington, and the people generally, would welcome the kind of candor that would tell them what to expect. The Beria Business About this Beria story now; the best advice we can offer is that you keep an open mind while waiting to see what else-if anything- develops. The notion that Comrade Beria might have slipped out of Soviet Russia, and sought asylum with its enemies, seems, of course, fantastic; but stranger things have happened in the Grand Guignol history of our twentieth century. For precisely the same reason one should not rule out the possibility that somebody (maybe one of the agents of Comrade Malenkov) may have sold Col. Ulius Amos of Baltimore and Mr. Clendenin J. Ryan of New York a monstrous bill of goods. Indeed, from the way in which Senator McCarthy has jumped off the bandwagon his committee has helped to build, one must assume that the matter has become too dubious even for him. About all there is to go on at this writing is the fact that no Russian Communist authority has ever stated in so many words that Beria had been arrested. Diplomatic representatives at Moscow, who noted with passionate interest that Beria, alone among the Soviet notables, was missing from the state box at a gala performance last July in the Bolshoi Theater, and who on the same evening had seen Red army tanks go rumbling through the city in the general direction of the Lubyanka (headquarters of the MVD), were encouraged to put two and two together; but whether their conjectures really equaled four is another matter. Newspaper correspondents at Moscow have also been permitted to speculate about when an abject Beria-broken to submission on one of his own "conveyor belts"-would be brought into court to confess his hideous crimes at a public propaganda trial. But, as far as we can discover, not one word about such a trial has come from any official quarter. Meanwhile, there have been rumors (to which we called attention last August 19) that Comrade Beria had slipped out of Moscow a jump or two ahead of Comrade Malenkov's minions and had found a hideout somewhere in his (and Stalin's) native highlands. It is fairly clear, at any rate, from the accusations launched against him by Bakradze and Malenkov at the recent session of the Supreme Soviet that Beria had chosen after the death of Stalin to represent him self as the champion of the restive non-Russian minori- and a more harmonious community for her efforts. It may fairly be said of her that when she fought bigotry it was never with hatred; she met lethargy and prejudice with spirit and understanding. And she won the hearts as well as the minds of men. The celebration of her birthday does honor to the community she has served so generously and so well. Subsidized Waste Agriculture Secretary Benson gave some sound advice to visiting bankers in urging them to avoid speculative land and commodity loans while attempting to meet the real credit needs of a farmer. The overproduction dilemma in which the country finds itself is in part the result of speculative farming of marginal land-a policy encouraged by the Government to meet a wartime and postwar emergency that no longer exists. Not only have such speculative operations contributed to the surplus and price problems, they also have caused abuse of the land-in over grazing and in plowing up for wheat and cotton crops of land that ought to have been left in grass. Mr. Benson would be quick to acknowledge, however, that credit measures are only an indirect approach to the basic difficulty. That difficulty is, simply, a scale of Government price supports completely out of keeping with normal demand and production. During and immediately after World War II the world crisis presented an abnormal demand for American food. High price supports were necessary to obtain maximum production, and the farmers responded patriotically. But it is unrealistic to expect that the price levels and support programs of, say, 1946 and 1947, when the world was crying for American wheat, can continue to be justified today. Yet most of our agricultural program is geared to overproduction at excessive prices. Moreover, parity figures now reflect an average of the highest prices ever paid the American farmer, so that the 90 percent of parity guaranteed on basic crops really represents an emergency rather than a normal standard. Compounding the artificial price level is the normal slackening in demand as production has recovered in other countries. Some of the decline in farm exports is attributable to our tariff provisions, but mostly reflects the influence of high American prices in a weakened world market. It is this distortion of normal prices that sooner or later must be met frontally. Mr. Benson's talk to bankers was a replate of his speech in Wisconsin last Saturday. He spoke in general terms of a financially practical program of production for use that will be in public interest as well as in the farmer's interest. So far, however, he has given no tangible indication of how this can be accomplished. The purchase of beef to help shore up beef prices, for which he took credit, has been a palliative rather than a cure. Incidentally, most of the cries for help among the beef producers seem to have come from the fly-by-night speculators. Already a new wheat problem is in the making despite the acreage controls recently voted. There are indications that some farmers will get around the limitations by raising per-acre production, as the potato growers did so notoriously a few years ago. Until there is radical surgery, this sort of abuse will continue. We hope that Mr. Benson will prescribe specifics soon, and that he will have the courage to advocate a program for obtaining farm stability through other methods than direct rigid price support. Even though such a program might bring political protest from persons conditioned by years of abnormal demand and supports, only some such departure can get at the heart of a problem that is perplexing to conscientious farmers as to their city brethren. TV And The Schools In a letter to presidential assistant Sherman Adams, Robert R. Mullen, director of the Ford Foundation's National Citizens Committee for Educational Television, has furnished a timely and tactful reminder that the District Board of Education is in a fair way to frustrate all of this community's hopes for a sound program of TV education. The board has insisted thus far in going it altogether alone in applying for the single TV channel allocated to Washington for educational purposes-despite the fact that a score or more of other educational and cultural institutions in the area have joined in a nonprofit corporation to operate the channel on a cooperative basis. Rivalry between the school board and the cooperative group may seriously delay any assignment of the local channel. The Ford Foundation's Fund For Adult Education be no tax cuts on January 1. The Administration's pledge for an end to the excess profits tax and a 100 percent reduction in individual income taxes is too far advanced for there to be reneging now. The excess profits tax, moreover, is in any case a regressive measure which places an undesirable break on capital investment. Nevertheless, it would be foolish to pretend that new or compensatory taxes may not be necessary. If the much advertised Operation Candor speech by President Eisenhower measures up to expectations, the country may experience, in addition to some stark talk about the necessities of the hydrogen bomb age, a radically different emphasis might not require the spending of many additional billions immediately, it certainly would necessitate some budgetary adjustment. Thus it could well be that the total demand for revenue next year will be greater rather than smaller than this year. A precautionary note is evident in Secretary Humphrey's attention to defense needs. "With the real possibility of an atomic Pearl Harbor hanging directly over our heads," he said, "and with the knowledge of the Russian capability to produce an even more potent weapon, national security is a matter of first concern." Similarly, President Eisenhower observed, among his truisms about the Republican Party that aroused the initial speculation that "there is no sacrifice - no labor, no tax, no service - too hard for us to bear to support a logical and necessary defense of our freedom." These are hints that new tax measures may lie ahead. Undoubtedly there will be constant pressure on the Administration to pander the politicians and candy-coat the pill. Important as are tax reductions and a balanced budget, however, the national defense is more important; and some more definite financial talk from the Administration would help enlist public support. We think the bankers now meeting in Washington, and the people generally, would welcome the kind of candor that would tell them what to expect. The Beria Business About this Beria story now: the best advice we can offer is that you keep an open mind while waiting to see what else - if anything - develops. The notion that Comrade Beria might have slipped out of Soviet Russia, and sought asylum with its enemies, seems, of course, fantastic; but stranger things have happened in the Grand Guignol history of our twentieth century. For precisely the same reason one should not rule out the possibility that somebody (maybe one of the agents of Comrade Malenkov) may have sold Col. Ulius Amoss of Baltimore and Mr. Clendenin J. Ryan of New York a monstrous bill of goods. Indeed, from the way in which Senator McCarthy has jumped off the bandwagon his committee helped to build, one must assume that the matter has become too dubious even for him. About all there is to go on at this writing is the fact that no Russian Communist authority has ever stated in so many words that Beria had been arrested. Diplomatic representatives at Moscow, who noted with passionate interest that Beria, alone among the Soviet notables, was missing from the state box at a gala performance last July in the Bolshoi Theater, and who on the same evening had seem Red army tanks go rumbling through the city in the general direction of the Lubyanka (headquarters of the MVD), were encouraged to put two and two together; but whether their conjectures really equaled four is another matter. Newspaper correspondents at Moscow have also been permitted to speculate about when an abject Beria - broken to submission on one of his own "conveyor belts" - would be brought into court to confess his hideous crimes at a public propaganda trial. But, as far as we can discover, not one word about such a trial has come from any official quarter. Meanwhile, there have been rumors (to which we called attention last August 19) that Comrade Beria had slipped out of Moscow a jump or two ahead of Comrade Malenkov's minions and had found a hideout somewhere in his (and Stalin's) native highlands. It is fairly clear, at any rate, from the accusations launched against him by Bakradze and Malenkov at the recent session of the Supreme Soviet that Beria had chosen after the death of Stalin to represent himself as the champion of the restive non-Russian minorities against the Muscovite chauvinism represented by the new Presidium. You can believe, then, if you wish to, that Beria, remembering what had happened to some other famous triumvirates of history, had decided he had everything to lose and nothing to gain by remaining in Russia to play Three Little Indians with Malenkov and Molotov. After all, the mere fact of his survival as an Old Bolshevik seems proof enough of his ability to think fast on his feet and a few moves ahead of the game. Why, you can even believe that Beria, after hearing of the doings in East Germany on June 17, decided then and there it was time to take off, and that the hullabaloo about his treasonous doings was not raised until after it was discovered he had flown the coop. On the other hand you can believe that the whole thing is a snare and a hoax. In any event, if Comrade Beria did escape and wanted to stay alive very long, it is not likely that he would welcome the hullaballoo that the hawkers have raised. Valuable Citizen Many Washingtonians will celebrate Mary Church of her birthday does honor to the community she has served so generously and so well. Subsidized Waste Agriculture Secretary Benson gave some sound advice to visiting bankers in urging them to avoid speculative land and commodity loans while attempting to meet the real credit needs of the farmer. The overproduction dilemma in which the country finds itself is in part the result of speculative farming of marginal land - a policy encouraged by the Government to meet a wartime and postwar emergency that no longer exists. Not only have such speculative operations contributed to the surplus and price problems, they also have caused abuse of that land - in overgrazing and in the plowing up for wheat and cotton crops of land that ought to have been left in grass. Mr. Benson would be quick to acknowledge, however, that credit measures are only an indirect approach to the basic difficulty. That difficulty is, simply, a scale of Government price supports completely out of keeping with normal demand and production. During and immediately after World War II the world crisis presented an abnormal demand for American food. High price supports were necessary to obtain maximum production, and the farmers responded patriotically. But it is unrealistic to expect that the price levels and support programs of, say, 1946 and 1947, when the world was crying for American wheat, can continue to be justified today. Yet most of our agricultural program is geared to overproduction at excessive prices. Moreover, parity figures now reflect an average of the highest prices ever paid the American farmer, so that the 90 percent of parity guaranteed on basic crops really represents an emergency rather than a normal standard. Compounding the artificial price level is the normal slackening in demand as production has recovered in other countries. Some of the decline in farm exports is attributable to our tariff provisions, but mostly it reflects the influence of high American prices in a weakened world market. It is this distortion of normal prices that sooner or later must be met frontally. Mr. Benson's talk to the bankers was a replate of his speech in Wisconsin last Saturday. He spoke in general terms of a financially practical program of production for use that will be in the public interest as well as in the farmer's interest. So far, however, he has given no tangible indication of how this can be accomplished. The purchase of beef to help shore up beef prices, for which he took credit, has been a palliative rather than a cure. Incidentally, most of the cries for help among the beef producers seem to have come from the fly-by-night speculators. Already a new wheat problem is in the making despite the acreage controls recently voted. There are indications that some farmers will get around the limitations by raising per-acre production, as the potato growers did so notoriously a few years ago. Until there is radical surgery, this sort of abuse will continue. We hope that Mr. Benson will prescribe specifics soon, and that he will have the courage to advocate a program for obtaining farm stability through other methods than direct rigid price support. Even though such a program might bring political protest from persons conditioned by years of abnormal demand and supports, only some such departure can get at the heart of a problem that is as perplexing to conscientious farmers as to their city brethren. TV And The Schools In a letter to presidential assistant Sherman Adams, Robert R. Mullen, director of the Ford Foundation's National Citizens Committee for Educational Television, has furnished a timely and tactful reminder that the District Board of Education is in a fair way to frustrate all of this community's hopes for a sound program of TV education. The board has insisted thus far in going it altogether alone in applying for the single TV channel allocated to Washington for educational purposes - despite the fact that a score or more of other educational and cultural institutions in the area have joined in a nonprofit corporation to operate the channel on a cooperative basis. Rivalry between the school board and the cooperative group may seriously delay any assignment of the local channel. The Ford Foundation's Fund For Adult Education has pledged $150,000 to the cooperative group, provided the balance of the necessary funds can be raised locally. Approximately $400,000 is needed to launch the projected educational station - a sum which the District Board of Education has sought from Congress unsuccessfully, and, we think, somewhat hopelessly. It would be far more realistic to aim at augmenting the Ford Foundation's $150,000 with commitments of $10,000 from each of 25 participating institutions, the District school board among them. Apart from the financial considerations, there are powerful arguments to support allocation of the local TV channel to a cooperating group rather than to any single institution. The channel will be called upon to meet varied educational and cultural demands. It will have to furnish fare for adults as well as for youngsters, for art lovers as well as for those seeking vocational training, for general cultural advancement as well as for assistance to regular school teaching. This sort of planning and programming can best be realized by drawing upon all the varied cultural and educational resources of the community. All interested local institutions should have a voice in it and a hand in it. It is high time for the Board of Education to join talk from the Administration would help enlist public support. We think the bankers now meeting in Washington, and the people generally, would welcome the kind of candor that would tell them what to expect. The Beria Business About this Beria story now: the best advice we can offer is that you keep an open mind while waiting to see what else--if anything--develops. The notion that Comrade Beria might have slipped out of Soviet Russia, and sought asylum with its enemies, seems, of course, fantastic; but stranger things have happened in the Grand Guignol history of our twentieth century. For precisely the same reason one should not rule out the possibility that somebody (maybe one of the agents of Comrade Malenkov) may have sold Col. Ulius Amoss of Baltimore and Mr. Clendenin J. Ryan of New York a monstrous bill of goods. Indeed, from the way in which Senator McCarthy has jumped off the bandwagon his committee helped to build, one must assume that the matter has become too dubious even for him. About all there is to go on at this writing is the fact that no Russian Communist authority has ever stated in so many words that Beria had been arrested. Diplomatic representatives at Moscow, who noted with passionate interest that Beria, alone among the Soviet notables, was missing from the state box at a gala performance last July in the Bolshoi Theater, and who on the same evening had seen Red army tanks go rumbling through the city in the general direction of the Lubyanka (headquarters of the MVD), were encouraged to put two and two together; but whether their conjectures really equaled four is another matter. Newspaper correspondents at Moscow have also been permitted to speculate about when an abject Beria-broken to submission on one of his own "conveyor belts"-would be brought into court to confess his hideous crimes at a public propaganda trial. But, as far as we can discover, not one word about such a trial has come from any official quarter. Meanwhile, there have been rumors (to which we called attention last August 19) that Comrade Beria had slipped out of Moscow a jump or two ahead of Comrade Malenkov's minions and had found a hideout somewhere in his (and Stalin's) native highlands. It is fairly clear, at any rate, from the accusations launched against him by Bakradze and Malenkov at the recent session of the Supreme Soviet that Beria had chosen after the death of Stalin to represent himself as the champion of the restive non-Russian minorities against the Muscovite chauvinism represented by the new Presidium. You can believe, then, if you wish to, that Beria, remembering what had happened to some other famous triumvirates of history, had decided he had everything to lose and nothing to gain by remaining in Russia to play Three Little Indians with Malenkov and Molotov. After all, the mere fact of his survival as an Old Bolshevik seems proof enough of his ability to think fast on his feet and a few moves ahead of the game. Why, you can even believe that Beria, after hearing of the doings in East Germany on June 17, decided then and there it was time to take off, and that the hullabaloo about his treasonous doings was not raised until after it was discovered he had flown the coop. On the other hand you can believe that the whole thing is a snare and a hoax. In any event, if Comrade Beria did escape and wanted to stay alive very long, it is not likely that he would welcome the hullabaloo that the hawkers have raised. Valuable Citizen Many Washingtonians will celebrate Mary Church Terrell's ninetieth birthday today with a warm feeling of affection and gratitude for a great member of this community. Hers has been--and continues to be--an extraordinary career of public service. She was in the forefront of the fight for women's suffrage. She was one of the first two women and the first Negro woman to be appointed to the District Board of Education. She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of colored People and served as the first president of its Washington chapter. She was a principal in the Thompson restaurant case which this year won for negroes the right to equality of service in restaurants of the National Capital. There have been many battles and many victories in Mrs. Terrell's long and energetic life. This is a happier pounding the artificial price level is the normal slackening in demand as production has recovered in other countries. Some of the decline in farm exports is attributable to our tariff provisions, but mostly it reflects the influence of high American prices in a weakened world market. It is this distortion of normal prices that sooner or later must be met frontally. Mr. Benson's talk to the bankers was a replate of his speech in Wisconsin last Saturday. He spoke in general terms of financially practical program of production for use that will be in the public interest as well as in the farmer's interest. So far, however, he has given no tangible indication of how this can be accomplished. The purchase of beef to help shore up beef prices, for which he took credit has been a palliative rather than a cure. Incidentally, most of the cries for help among the beef producers seem to have come from the fly-by-night speculators. already a new wheat problem is in the making despite the acreage controls recently voted. There are indications that some farmers will get around the limitations by raising per-acre production, as the potato growers did so notoriously a few years ago. Until there is radical surgery, this sort of abuse will continue. We hope that Mr. Benson will prescribe specifics soon, and that he will have the courage to advocate a program for obtaining farm stability through other methods than direct rigid price support. Even though such a program might bring political protest from persons conditioned by years of abnormal demand and supports, only some such departure can get at the heart of a problem that is as perplexing to conscientious farmers as to their city brethren. TV And The Schools In a letter to presidential assistant Sherman Adams, Robert R. Mullen, director of the Ford Foundation's National Citizens Committee for Educational Television, has furnished a timely and tactful reminder that the District Board of Education is in a fair way to frustrate all of this community's hopes for a sound program of TV education. The board has insisted thus far in going it altogether alone in applying for the single TV channel allocated to Washington for educational purposes-despite the fact that a score or more of other educational and cultural institutions in the area have joined in a nonprofit corporation to operate the channel on a cooperative basis, Rivalry between the school board and the cooperative group may seriously delay any assignment of the local channel. The Ford Foundation's Fund For Adult Education has pledged $150,000 to the cooperative group, provided the balance of the necessary funds can be raised locally. Approximately $400,000 is needed to launch the projected educational station-a sum which the District Board of Education has sought from Congress unsuccessfully, and, we think, somewhat hopelessly. It would be far more realistic to aim at augmenting the Ford Foundation's $150,000 with commitments of $10,000 from each of 25 participating institutions, the District school board among them. Apart from the financial considerations, there are powerful arguments to support allocation of the local TV channel to a cooperating group rather than to any single institution. The channel will be called upon to meet varied educational and cultural demands. It will have to furnish fare for adults as well as for youngsters, for art lovers as well as for those seeking vocational training, for general cultural advancement as well as for assistance to regular school teaching. This sort of planning and programming can best be realized by drawing upon all the varied cultural and educational resources of the community. All interested local institutions should have a voice in it and a hand in it. It is high time for the Board of Education to join the Greater Washington Educational Television Association instead of fighting it. We hope that the Board and the District Commissioners will move now to cooperate with the association and help in the formulation of a model TV educational program for Washington. The medium has great potentialities; and the Capital's use of it should be a pilot operation for the Nation. _________________ ON HIS NINTH DECADE To my ninth decade I have tottered on, And no soft arm bends now my steps to steady; She who once led me where she would is gone So when he calls me, Death shall find me ready. WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR Post Oct. 11, 1953 Associated Press Wirephoto White-haired Mary Church Terrell chats with Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, at a testimonial luncheon for Mrs. Terrell held at the Statler Hotel yesterday. 700 Attend Birthday Party For Mrs. Terrell, Civic Leader More than 700 persons gathered at the Statler Hotel yesterday at a birthday party for Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, and to pay tribute to her 90 years spent in fighting for Negro rights. Mrs. Terrell, white-haired and remarkable alert, was praised by several speakers for her leadership in opening the doors of restaurants and theaters in Washington to all persons. Mrs. Terrell assured her admirers she still is ready to oppose discrimination until all persons can enter public places "in a nice, friendly spirit" and make "the Nation's Capital a home of democracy." Walter White, executive secretary off the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, recalled that Mrs. Terrell was born the year Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation and fought valiantly for full equality for all human beings." Mrs. Terrell, widow of a Municipal Court judge, was the first Negro woman appointed to the District Board of Education. She was an organizer and first president of the National Association of Colored Women and a charter member of the NAACP. "There are those who say that there will be trouble if the courts, administrative officials and legislative bodies, backed by public opinion, move further towards abolition of racial segregation and discrimination. But I happen to have such abiding faith in democracy that I do not believe professional bigots can stay the course of freedom," White declared. Another speaker, Federal Judge William H. Hastie of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, said Mrs. Terrell, "in the years when she could be expected to take her ease with her grandchildren and great-grandchildren, marches shoulder to shoulder for those things that were sought in her youth." He announced that December 20 the Cotillion Society of Philadelphia will award Mrs. Terrell its highest honor-- the diamond cross of Malta. Other recipients have been Ralph Bunche, Branch Rickey and Marian Anderson. The Mary Church Terrell Fund was launched at the luncheon to provide aid for organizations seeking "to eliminate segregation and discrimination in the Nation's Capital." A cash goal of $50,000 was set in hope of abolishing "all traces of racial discrimination by the 100th birthday of Mrs. Terrell-- the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation." January 9, 1954 Courier P Page 9 Fourth Christmas Cotillion Makes Great History in Philadelphia THE GREATEST COTILLION OF THEM ALL!- When the fourth annual Christmas Cotillion was unfolded in Philadelphia last Wednesday night, Dec. 30, it presented to a star-studded audience the most magnificent of all such fetes. Snapped during the gala event, which drew diplomats from more than a dozen countries, and dignitaries from a score of states, were these pictures. Top left, diplomats and their hostesses for the evening included Mrs. E.K. Smart, wife of the Consul General of Australia E. Kenneth Smart, their hostess, Mrs. Toki Schalk Johnson of Pittsburgh, General Smart, Mrs. Hobson (Eve Lynn) Reynolds and her guest for the evening, Hon. Hindorani, educational attache in the Indian Embassy. Right photo, distinguished guests, Mrs. Robert L. Vann, Judge Herbert E. Millen, the Hon. C. Th. R. Van Baarba, First Secretary to the Netherlands Ambassador; Mrs. Van Baarba, Mrs. Mabel Samuels, the Hon. Charles Samuel Bayer Jr., Consul of the Netherlands, and Josephine Poindexter. Inset, when Raymond James Leslie, chairman of the finance committee of Heritage House, left, accepted the gift presented by Ed R. Harris, temporary chairman of HH, it was fitting that the man who had made the gift possible, should be there. Centered is Dr. Eugene Wayman Jones whose genius and magic fingers touched every phase of the Cotillion. Lower left, Vivienne Certaine, soloist, whose sizzling tropical dance drew raves from the dailies, poses with the members of the ensemble. Lower center, pictured at the intimate dinner for Dr. Terrell the afternoon of the Cotillion, given at the Ritz Carlton, Judge William B. Hastie. Dr. Terrell, and Walter White of the NAACP, Mae Wright Allen, Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, who presented Delta Soror Terrell with a corsage. Lower right, cleverly costumed Elegant Tigers pose with the Black Panther and one of the two Pumas who were in the Feline Fantasy. In the group are Gloria Higdon, the Panther; Charlotte Albey, Carolyn Bryant, Elaine Bryant, Margaret Elias, Marie Jackson, Jeanette Long, Dorothy Purnsley, Arlene Riley, Llwellyn Wimberly and Richard Wilson. Pictures by Watson and Mosley. Thousands Attend Gala Fete William H. Gray Jr., executive director commission on Industrial Race Relations; Dr. Marshall L. Shepard, Commission ceremonies, the closing, and most impressive moments drew to the stage the honored guest escorted by members of the Na- and Mrs. G. H. Williamson and Mrs. Naomi Ballard of Norfolk, Va. The Floyd Butlers of Atlantic neth Smart and his Beautifully gowned and vivacious wife from Australia were simply enthralled with the entire proceedings. Luncheon for Dr. Mary Terrell Precedes Gala Xmas Cotillion THE GREATEST COTILLION OF THEM ALL!-When the fourth annual Christmas Cotillion was unfolded in Philadelphia last Wednesday night, Dec. 30, it presented to a star-studded audience the most magnificent of all such fetes. Snapped during the gala event, which drew diplomats from more than a dozen countries, and dignitaries from a score of states, were these pictures. Top left, diplomats and their hostesses for the evening included Mrs. E. K. Smart, wife of the Consul General of Australia E. Kenneth Smart, their hostess, Mrs. Toki Schalk Johnson of Pittsburgh, General Smart, Mrs. Hobson (Eve Lynn) Reynolds and her guest for the evening, Hon. Hindorani, educational attache in the Indian Embassy. Right photo, distinguished guests, Mrs. Robert L. Vann, Judge Herbert E. Millen, the Hon. C. The. R. Van Baarba, First Secretary to the Netherlands Ambassador; Mrs. Van Baarba, Mrs. Mabel Samuels, the Hon. Charles Samuel Bayer Jr., Consul of the Netherlands, and Josephine Poindexter. Inset, when Raymond James Leslie, chairman of the finance committee of Heritage House, left, accepted the gift presented by Ed R. Harris, temporary chairman of HH, it was fitting that the man who had made the gift possible, should be there. Centered is Dr. Eugene Wayman Jones whose genius and magic fingers touched every phase of the Cotillion. Lower left, Vivienne Certaine, soloist, whose sizzling tropical dance drew raves from the dailies, poses with members of the ensemble. Lower center, pictured at the intimate dinner for Dr. Terrell the afternoon of the Cotillion, given at the Ritz Carlton, Judge William B. Hastie, Dr. Terrell, and Walter White of the NAACP, Mae Wright Allen, Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, who presented Delta Soror Terrell with a corsage. Lower right, cleverly costumed Elegant Tigers pose with the Black Panther and one of the two Pumas who were in the Feline Fantasy. In the group are Gloria Higdon, the Panther; Charlotte Albey, Carolyn Bryant, Elaine Bryant, Margaret Elias, Marie Jackson, Jeanette Long, Dorothy Purnsley, Arlene Riley, Llewellyn Wimberly and Richard Wilson. Pictures by Watson and Mosely. Thousands Attend Gala Fete Honoring Dr. Mary C. Terrell By TOKI SCHALK JOHNSON PHILADELPHIA--Sheer enchantment and glory never before seen, nor remembered from this day or any other age, combined with the magic of fantasy and the genius of one man, drew the curtains of magnificence on the fourth Christmas Cotillion last Wednesday night. Each year, the many and varied talents of Dr. Eugene Wayman Jones have reached out into Philadelphia to draw hundreds of men and women, boys and girls, into one captivating night of beauty and charm, centering about on central figure. In the past the honored ones have been Marian Anderson, Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune, Branch Rickey and Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt. This year, venerable Dr. Mary Church Terrell, indomitable fighter for human rights, received the accolade and had placed about her shoulders the beautiful Diamond Cross of Malta. MONTHS OF WORK Months of arduous work became a beautiful realty Dec. 30, when the Gold Room of the massive Convention Hall opened on the scene of a reception where dignitaries representing many foreign countries, state notables and distinguished city officials, each accompanied by an assigned hostess, had a chance to meet Dr. Terrell informally. Headed by the handsome and distinguished Judge Herbert E. Millen, president of the Cotillion Society, and charming Mrs. Millen, the reception drew together His Excellency Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa, Nicaragua Ambassador; the Hon. C. Th. R. Van Baarba and the Hon. Charles Samuel Bayer Jr. and Mrs. Van Baarba of the Netherlands; Carlo Christenson, cultural attache of the Denmark Embassy; the Hon. Lieut. Gen. E.K. Smart, Consul General of Australia and Mrs. Smart; the Hon. Dr. Ludovico Di San Pietro, Consul General of Italy; the Hon. Rouhi Jamil, Consul General of Syria; the Hon. Ba Maung, Consul of Burma; the Hon. Eliezer Doron, Consul of Israel; The Hon. Jose B. Henriques, Vice Consul of Portugal, the Hon. Jacques Lereux, Consul of Belgium, the Hon. Robert D. Abrahams, Consul of the Dominican Republic; Senora Elizabeth de Macedo Sodre of Brazil; the Hon. Raoul Blondeau, Consul of France, and Madame Blondeau; the Hon. Nicholas Pedroso, Consul of El Salvador, and Senora Pedroso; The Hon. Francisco Serrano Valez, Consul of Ecuador, and Senora Valez; the Hon. Raul B. G. DeAlba, Consul of Mexico, and Senora DeAlba; the Hon. Maurice J. Rohrbach, Consul of Switzerland, and Madame Rohrbach; the Hon. Edmundo Nova, Consul of Uruguay; the Hon. Guillerma Tinoco Rodil, Consul of Venezuela; the Hon. Isidor Ostroff, Consul ad honorem of Guatemala, and Senora Ostroff; the Hon. Raymond Pace Alexander, Consul Honoraire of Haiti, and Mrs. Alexander; the Hon. Hobson Reynolds, Consul of Liberia, and Mrs. Reynolds. NOTABLES Adding their notable presence to the glittering scene were Mrs. Jane Morrow Spaulding of Washington, assistant to Mrs. Oveta Culp Hobby; Walter Phillips, Richardson Dilworth, Esq., District Attorney; the Hon. Louis E. Levinthal, judge of Common Pleas Court; George H. Black, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, E. Washington Rhodes, Esq., State Board of Parole, and Mrs. Rhodes; Dr. William H. Gray Jr, executive director commission on Industrial Race Relations; Dr. Marshall L. Shepard, Commissioner of Records. An impressive concert on the organ by Lafayette Henry Coble opened the Cotillion, followed by the appearance of the grand Philadelphia Orchestra, with William R. Smith conducting the sweeping crescendo of magnificence. Eloise Owens, leading soprano of the Dra-Mu Opera Company, sent her beautiful voice soaring into the rafters in "Cantique de Noel." Headed by Dr. Nolan N. Atkinson, marshal, assisted by George Coverdale Jr. and Ronald Townes, the procession of distinguished guests proceeded to the tree lighting ceremonies, with Mrs. Geneva K. Valentine, past national president of the Negro Business and Professional Women's Club, as the charming member to touch off the gaily lighted trees which flanked the stage. She was escorted by the pretty gowned Philadelphia chapter of the E. and P. Club. BALLET FANTASY The "King of Dreams," a ballet fantasy, coordinated by the genius of the dance, Leigh Parham, who as "Knightmayr" in the final scene, drew mad applause from the throng, brought forth such talented ballerinas as Sydney King, Violet Peamon, Faye Peamon, Joan M. Johnson, Betsy Ann Dickerson, Hilda Robinson, Eleanor Harris, Vivienne J. Certaine, Gloria Higdon, Judith Cuyjet, Betty L. Duffan, Gwendolyn Riley, Delores Brown, plus some equally talented male dancers, particularly those in the Knightmayr scene. The grand finale, is of course, the Cotillion, danced by scores of charmingly gowned young girls and their sartorially correct escorts. A gay interlude was the Alice Blue gown interpretation dance by a quartet of excellent dancers. PRESENTATION CEREMONIES With the Hon. Judge Millen presiding over the presentation ceremonies, the closing, and most impressive moments drew to the stage the honored guest escorted by members of the National Council of Negro Women, called to assembly by Bertram A. Levy, associate director of the ceremony. Samuel H. Daroff, beloved Philadelphian, read the citation to Dr. Terrell, whose rose- colored gown was so becoming, while Mrs. Robert L. Vann, lovely in floating blue chiffon, drew the beautiful Diamond Cross of Malta across the honorees proud shoulders. Mrs. Vann gave a brief historical insight into the background of the 90-year- old honoree, which drew much applause. Fletcher Pierce, president of the Bronzemen, Inc., presented Walter White a gift for the NAACP, while Raymond James Leslie presented a check to Ed R. Harris, temporary chairman of Heritage House. Taking part also was Mrs. Vera Powell in fetching black. FUN WAXES FURIOUSLY With the close of the Cotillion and the introduction, but warmly and sincerely of Gene Jones, whose magic has made Philadelphia Cotillion-conscious (and is beginning to make himself felt nationally), the bay part of the evening began in the three dancing rooms. Thousands crowded into the rooms where tables had been set up, and where mad music had the throng hopping. A chance to view and review some of the fabulous guests made it fascinating. The handsome Rufus Watson family, with Rufus and his lovely wife looking not a day older, but producing a pair of grown up sons, Lawrence and Rufus Jr.; Atty. Isaiah Crippen and the charming missus...Dr. and Mrs. Leon Anderson, Mrs. Jean Jamison of Wilmington, Del., as chic as ever; Miss Delores Bell, all together with Josephine Booth, Helen and Bill Marks; good to look at Margie and George Whiteman and their house guests, Dr. and Mrs. G.H. Williamson and Mrs. Naomi Ballard of Norfolk, Va. The Floyd Butlers of Atlantic City had a table of gay folk which included the fabulous couple, George and Tomi Norford of New York, with Tomi in an ivory velvet gown trimmed with orange net; Mrs. Thomas Black, Dr. and Mrs. Howard Stratton, Dr. and Mrs. H. Donald Marshall of A.C.: Mrs. Elizabeth Dibby, A.C.' Dennis McNeill, Mrs. Cora Hangabook and the Otha Prigmores. GUESTS GALORE A fetching group guided by Tess Harris of the Journalists Associates included W. Beverly Carter and Mrs. Carter and Samuel Hall, plus Katherine Boyden of Rochester, N.Y.; Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Goss, Mrs. Lydia Lee, Mr. and Mrs. Ed Harris, Allen Dunn and Frank Fogerty of Calverts Distillers. Exotic Vashti DeMiranda was hostess to Mr. and Mrs. James White of Washington, he operates an art gallery and gift shop for the exclusive trade, and Mr. and Mrs. Robert Breen, producers of "Porgy and Bess," and their associate, Warner Watson. Mme. Tina Ababanell, of "Me and Juliet," was there, a handsome woman, who with the above, was a guest at Gene Jones' table. There, too, Dr. and Mrs. J. Shepard Smith, and Mr. and Mrs. Caskie Stinnett of the Curtis Publishing Company. Eve Lynn had the charming Indian Educational Attache, the Hon. Hindorani, as her special charge. Her handsome husband, Judge Hobson Reynolds, was a distinguished asset to the company; Mrs. Henry Jenkins had at her table, Mr. and Mrs. Bertram Levy, Samuel Bedroff, Mr. and Mrs. Edward L. James of Charleston, W. Va., Mr. and Mrs. Ennis L. Powell...Vera had a big part in the Cotillion, but we missed her presentation because our guests, General E. K. Smart and Mrs. Smart had to make a train. Our special guests for the evening, a truly delightful pair, the Hon. Lieut. Gen. E. Kenneth Smart and his beautifully gowned and vivacious wife from Australia were simply enthralled with the entire proceedings. He was truly a standout at the reception and was besieged by photographers. CYNTHIA CABOT THERE The celebrated fashion editor of the Enquirer, Cynthia Cabot, caused an intimate fashion riot with her Italian boy haircut and imported gown of pleated chiffon, Mrs. Frederick Douglass was a distinguished guest, with her was Mrs. Terrell's daughter, Phyllis Langston, a handsome woman with queenly bearing. Mrs. Jennie Morris and the Rev. John Hester and his delightful wife with a short haircut which is oh, so new, were part of the scene, as were the James Johnsons of Atlantic City's hotel clan. Their place is one of the nicest, hear tell. Lovely to look at Frances Atkinson with the velvety eyes; Marian Gaskill, sloe-eyed beauty in red chiffon; Camilla Coverdale, a dream floating by in gorgeous blue; Katie Green, bubbling over in white chiffon and black lace; Mrs. R.L. Vann, floating by in heavenly blue chiffon; Charlotte Strickland, a magnificent mite in a hand-beaded white gown; handsome Eva Jay Rodgers, looking a picture; Pearl Young, a beauty in blue; sweet and lovely Virgil Spaulding with the Louis Mehlingers of Dee Cee; Irene and Leon Newsom with their house guests, Mrs. Olive Sultzer of Dee Cee; Louis Dabney of Marion, Va., and Ruth Bowser of West Palm Beach, Fla....the latter being Irene's sister; Alice L. Mintess in chic black, with her pair of charmers, Mrs. Jeanette Sampson and Mrs. Estelle R. Hill, both of New York; Dr. Dorothy B. Ferebee, statuesque in blue, with Helen Young, Dotties Townes, an adorable pixie in ivory silk; serene and beautiful Lucille Blondin; a dancer Essie Marie Dorsey, a picture in white; slim lovely Bernice Thompson of WDAS wit Mrs. Irene Collis Freeman, Mrs. Vennie Hyman, Relba Marks and the Leslie McCreadys. A big table of merrymakers included the James Primises, Mrs. Janice Davis, Ethelmae, Emmalee and Vera Primis, Edgar Jones, the William D. Youngs, the John Saunders, J. Gates Johnson III, Solphia Holley, Melvin LaGrande, Jean Hackney, Inez Dozier, Doris Walker, Helen Brown, Margaret Green, Ruthleave Harrison and Edward Green. CREDIT DUE Much credit is due choreographers Sydney King, Vivienne Certaine, Eleanor Harris, Faye Peamon, who worked from the story by Gene Jones, and coordinator Leigh Parham. And to George Coverdale,who covered the coordination of decor with that of stage manager, a herculean task. To chairman of the board, Rose Norwood Stewart; Lucille Blondin, corresponding secretary; Jerodene M. Ellis, recording secretary, and Hobart C. Jackson, plus several hundred hard-working area chairmen and members; scores of charming hostesses, who took care of visiting dignitaries; to the New Jersey Council of Heritage House, whose state chairman is Myrtle Manigault, who made a beautiful picture that night, with regional directors Cordelia Greene Johnson and Anna Butler. Mrs. George R. Coverdale, chairman of hostesses; to H. Ray Jones, general chairman of the honor host committee, and co-chairman; to special representatives John F. Stewart and W. Persifor Young. To Cotillion master, Patrick Clarke, and Jerome B. Gaymon, director and choreographer, who presented a beautiful bouquet of red roses to Dr. Terrell during the Cotillion scene. To John J. Parker, all-round officio, who as a member of the directors staff, did a magnificent job with Jacqueline Henley, Oliver Ivey and Jerodene M. Ellis, Reba O. Bowie, chaired the invitations; Doris Reynolds chaired the organizations; Gladys L. Thomas, program and printing; Robert Dumas, Cotillion Guild; Ed R. Harris, temporary chairman Heritage House; Raymond J. Leslie, financial secretary. Honorary chairman of the Cotillion was His Honor Joseph Sill Clark, Jr., Mayor of the city of Philadelphia. So, once more a Christmas Cotillion fades into the limbo of the past, but the tinsel glory of its passing will linger for many a moon to come. Luncheon for Dr. Mary Terrell Precedes Gala Xmas Cotillion PHILADELPHIA - An intimate luncheon for a few distinguished guests honored Dr. Mary Church Terrell, honoree at the fourth Christmas Cotilion, Dec. 30th at Convention Hall, and drew a number of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, of which Dr. Terrell is a member, to present a corsage to the famous fighter for the rights of man. Given at the Ritz Carlton, the luncheon had for guests Judge and Mrs. William E. Hastie, Mr. and Mrs. Walter White, NAACP official; Mrs. Robert L. Vann, Courier publisher; Mrs. R. S. Wright of the famous Philadelphia banking firm; Mrs. Phyllis Langston, daughter of Dr. Terrell; Mrs. Norwood Stewart of the Cotillion committee. Mrs. Lucile Blondin, of the Cotillion committee, Mrs. Mae Wright Downs, former national president of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority; Mrs. Dorothy Lymas, cousin of Dr. Terrell, with whom she stayed while in Philadelphia; Mrs. Cordelia Greene Johnson, North Jersey regional director for the New Jersey State Council for Heritage Hose; Mrs. Geneva Valentine, former national president of the Business and Professional Women's Club, among others. Defender Jan. 16, 1954 Mary Church Terrell Honored At Cotillion By ARNOLD DE MILLE PHILADELPHIA -- Dr. Mary Church Terrell, 90-year -old defender of human rights, was honored here last week by the Philadelphia Cotillion Society at its 5th annual Christmas Festival and was presented with the society's highest yearly achievement award, the Diamond Cross of Malta. Regarded the city's most spectular holidays event, some 7,000 enthusiastic patrons swelled the huge Convention Hall to witness to sparkling, glittering pageant, featuring an original ballet fantasy "King of Dreams," the debut of a 19-year old organist at the Hall's great organ, Lafayette Henry Cable, the presentation of the jeweled award to the guest of honor and an exhibition of ball-room dancing by some 150 youngsters, the young ladies all in white evening gowns and their partners in tails. "King of Dreams," the work of Dr. Eugene Wayman Jones, director of the Society, is an exciting tale in dance and music. The production was truly delightful, with magnificent multicolored costumes involving some 800 youngsters from the schools of Philadelphia. The Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra, completely integrated supplied the music. Dr. Terrell was honored for her nearly 66 years of "unrelenting activity in behalf of a downtrodden minority." She graduated from Oberlin college in 1884 and the first Negro appointed to the Board of Education in the District of Columbia. She is co-founder of the NAACP, founder-president of the National Association of Colored Women, president of the National Association of Colored Women, president MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL of the Southwest Community House in D. C., secretary of the Race Relations Committee, Washington Federation of Churches, and author of "A Colored Women in a White World." Dr. Terrell was one of those who, in 1951, brought the test case challenging the validity of the 1872 and 1873 Civil Rights statutes, which last year resulted in the opening of Washington restaurants to all, regardless of race. Last year Dr. Terrell challenged the segregation rule in the D.C. theatres and initiated the movement that brought about the termination of such practices. Today D.C. Theatres are open to all. 7,000 ATTEND Among the 7,000 attending the cotillion were well known social civic and community leaders from New York, New Jersey, Baltimore Thomas, of Chicago, national president of the Business and Professional Women's Club, flew in the day of the event. Mrs. Cordelia Green Johnson, president of the National Beauty Culturists League, headed a group of 16 from Jersey City, and Mrs. Jane Morrow Spaulding, assistant to the Director of U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, came in with a party of 56 from D.C. Also present were diplomatic representatives from 24 countries. They were led in a procession by the Nicaraguan ambassador, Guillermo Sevilla-Sacasa, and the S. N. Haksar, minister of India. Walter White, executive secretary of the NAACP, accepted a donation from the society for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. SATURDAY, JANUARY 9, 1954 THE PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENT Admires The Cross Walter White, executive director of the NAACP, right, admires the jeweled Cross of Malta awarded to famed Mary Church Terrell, 90-year-old humanitarian and world traveler, at the Philadelphia Christmas Cotillion on Dec. 30. Left to right is Eugene Waymon Jones, creator of the Ballet Fantasy presented, Mrs. Robert L. Vann, Pittsburgh publisher; and Mrs. Walter White. (LAWRENCE PHOTO) INSIDE: THE PEOPLE BEHIND HISTORY WEEK—A glance at the people who work the year around to make History Week a success. Here's a trip through the Washington offices. NO DIFFICULTIES IN MIXED SCHOOLS—Installment four of "Jim-Crow's Last Stand." A visit to Claymont, Del. where integrated schools have been established. AROUND THE WORLD—With Dr. Irene DIggs. This week Dr. Diggs is in Dakar, French West Africa where the women wear blue lipstick and the men wear bloomer-like pants AFRO MAGAZINE SECTION Negro History Week February 7-14, 1954 Thurgood Marshall A leader in the fight for integration in public schools. Dr. Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950) Historian and founder of Negro History Week. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell A leader in the fight against segregation in Washington, D.C. The Theme: "Negro History--A Foundation For Integration" False historical concepts cause beliefs that certain races of mankind are inherently depraved and inferior. The general acceptance of such beliefs has resulted in attitudes of intolerance, and in patterns of prejudice and segregation which are detrimental to the aims, ambitions and hopes of the colored peoples of the world. The job of Negro History is to erase the false concepts of racial superiority and inferiority from the so-called "history instruction" in America. By changing the beliefs which have resulted in attitudes of intolerance, Negro History helps to create the atmosphere in which true integration can exist. To this extent, Negro History is a "Foundation For Integration." The Afro-American, The Washington Afro-American, FEBRUARY 2, 1954 Courier Jan. 3, 1953 ________________________________________________________ On Courier's '52 District Roll of Honor ____________________________________________________________________ There are seven men and women on the 1925 honor roll of the Washington edition of the Courier. Each of these District citizens has made an outstanding contribution to DR. MARY CHURCH TERRELL ... top crusader MRS. ALICE C. HUNTER rec board secretary MRS. HELEN MADDOX ... spirit of Rosedale DR. SMALLWOOD E. WILLIAMS ...led political renaissance DR. W. H. JARNAGIN ... spearhead for advancement GARDNER L. BISHOP ...blazed historic trail __________ the welfare of Negroes in the District during the year which has just closed. The seven are: Dr. Mary Church Terrell, Mrs. Alice Hunter, Mrs. Helen Maddox, the Rev. Smallwood E. Williams, the Rev. William H. Jernagin, Gardner L. Bishop and Dr. Philip L. Johnson. * * * DR. TERRELL'S contribution consisted of her tireless leadership of the coordinating commit- _______ (Continues on Page 4, Col 3 ______________ roll of the Washington edition of the Courier. [?Each of ???] District citizens has made an outstanding contribution to DR. MARY CHURCH TERRELL . . . top crusader MRS. ALICE C. HUNTER . . . rec board secretary MRS. HELEN MADDOX . . . spirit of Rosedale DR. SMALLWOOD E. WILLIAMS . . . led political renaissance DR. W. H. JERNAGIN . . . spearhead for advancement GARDNER L. BISHOP . . . blazed historic trait the welfare of Negroes in the District during the year which has just closed. The seven are: Dr. Mary Church Terrell, Mrs. Alice Hunter, Mrs. Helen Maddox, the Rev. Smallwood E. Williams, the Rev. William H. Jernagin, Gardner L. Bishop and Dr. Philip L. Johnson * * * DR. TERRELL'S contribution consisted of her tireless leadership of the coordination commit- (Continued on Page 4, Col.3 DR. PHILIP L. JOHNSON . . . fought for schools On Courier's Roll of Honor (Continued from Page 1) tee for the Enforcement of the D. C. Anti-discrimination laws, climaxed by successful fights against racial bias a the Hect Store and the G. C. Murphy five and ten cent store on the Seventh Street, N. W. Her inspirational leadership and unrelenting crusading also took the issue of racial exclusion from downtown eating places into the U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals for D. C. in the Thompson Restaurant case. The work of her group has brought the dropping of racial bars at a number of downtown eating places and inspired all Negroes of the District. Mrs. Alice C. Hunter, secretary of the District Board of Recreation, by her forthright stand and searching analysis of the segregation picture in local playground areas forcefully projected the hideous blight of playground segregation into the spotlight. It was perhaps, her blasting minority report on the tactics used in so-called "surveys" by Recreation Board personnel that brought the Rosedale case into bright focus and helped speed the final integration of that playground and others during 1952. Mrs. Helen Maddox of 1637 Gales Street, N.E., is placed White South Africans Are Scared to Death Read why in Dr. Homer Jack's articles on racism on its most vicious form... The Courier presents the FACTS. starting in The Jan. 17 Issue on the honor roll because of the unceasing efforts of the group of parents at Rosedale, whom she helped to inspire to the persevering heights which finally saw Rosedale Playground integrated after a fight which lasted many long months. Mrs. Maddox is chosen to represent herself and her associates who made no limit to the sacrifices which they underwent in that effort which was finally crowned with success. She is a symbol of the type of unselfish mothers in that area who carried on that battle. The Rev. Smallwood E. Williams, dynamic pastor of the Bible Way Church, 1130 New Jersey Ave, N. W., made the honor roll for his brilliant leadership in the political renaissance of District Negros in the Democratic primary last summer. His demonstration in leading some five hundred Negro voters to the polls brought a new birth of political freedom and adulthood to the District. His own personal fights against racial discrimination, too, won for him the everlasting praise of the citizenry of the District in his campaign against school bias, and his continual spotlighting of the same over the radio and in the press. Dr. William H. (Fightin' Bill) Jernagin, the 83-year-old pastor of Mount Carmel Baptist Church brought the cause of Negro welfare on a national scale into the realm of possibly the greatest potential advancement in recent years with his pilgrimage to New York City to confer and advise with President-elect Eisenhower as the year drew to an end. Should President-elect Eisenhower name a Negro to be Registrar of the U. S. Treasury, that move may well be credited to the splendid program presented to the General by Dr. Jernagin and his group. Dr. Jernigan's unselfish service in this field is outstanding and his espousal of the cause of a Negro District Commissioner bring new inspiration to District Negroes. QUIET AND unassuming- but hard-hitting-Gardner L. Bishop rates the honor roll easily because of his fearless and unyielding leadership of the fight of the Consolidated Parents' Group, Inc., against segregated schools in the District. Mr. Bishop's fight- taken to the highest court in the land, the U. S. Supreme Court- may well be the turning point in the battle to eliminate the dual school system in the District. His organization has utilized every possible facet of attack in this fight, including pressing the U. S. Department of Justice to such an exent that the Attorney General of the U. S. personally took a hand in aiding the fight. DR. PHILIP T. JOHNSON, as a member of the District Board of Education, was an unrelenting foe of racial bias and unequal schools. His refusal to be a 'yes-man," even to the extent of making himself unpopular with other members of the board, represented a high degree of unselfish service in behalf of his people and fairplay. Perhaps it was his withdrawal from the board, more than any other protest action, which helped keep the picture before the public and will- in the long run- have great weight on the end of such segregation *** THESE SEVEN District men and women justly deserve their places on the Courier's 1952 District Roll of Honor and this newspaper salutes them for their great contributions to the welfare of District Negroes, along with those whose services in lesser ways have gone into the fight for first-class citizenship. They are truly outstanding! [Afro 1/9/54] DR. TERRELL AND — Dr. Mary Church Terrell, center, receives the Diamond Cross of Malta from the hands of Mrs. Robert L. Vann, as Judge Herbert E. Millen looks on, during the magnificent Christmas Cotillion given last Wednesday, Dec. 30, by the Philadelphia (Pa.) Cotillion Society. Some 5500 people witnessed the affair, given in the Convention Hall.—Watson Photo. [*1954*] Throng Sees Dr. Terrell Honored Philadelphia Tribune FRIDAY LATE CITY Philadelphia, Pa., Saturday, January 2, 1954 Phone: KI. 5-2242 -2243 -2244 Colorful Ballet- Fantasy Draws Plaudits of Crowd Convention Hall was resplendent last night in a galaxy of color as the fifth annual Christmas Cotillion presented one of the most brilliant spectacles the city has seen. The huge display was a background for a tribute to a great American woman, Dr. Mary Church Terrell. She received the Diamond Cross of Malta from the Philadelphia Cotillion Society. The crowd of more than 7000 rose in spontaneous tribute as the grand woman, her body bowed by age, but her spirit still strong and dominating accepted the award made by Mrs. Jessie Vann, Pittsburgh publisher. CAN HELP SELVES Mrs. Terrell, making use of a cane, made her way to the microphone and informed the audience that she was not going to make a speech but that she was tremendously grateful for the tribute paid her. She remarked, " If I have learned anything this evening it is that we can do much to help ourselves." Prior to the presentation of the Cross she had heard herself lauded for her years long fight for democracy for all Americans. As long ago as the turn of century she had a worldwide reputation as a fighter for Negro rights and women's rights. More recently she gained fame in 1951 as the guiding spirit behind the campaign to end denial of the rights of Negroes to eat in Washington, D.C. restaurants. This year she also brought to an end segregation of movie theaters there. Samuel Daroff, chairman of the Governor's Commission for Industrial Race Relations, gave the citation, which read "The Citizens of Philadelphia in tribute to Dr. Mary Church Terrell -- Whereas Mary Church Terrell has devoted a lifetime of unrelenting activity in behalf of human rights and whereas she is an American Citizen who represents the highest ideals of that citizency, and whereas Philadelphia birthplace of those ideals, desires to honor one who stands in the vanguard of those dedicated to the preservation of the dignity and freedom of man. There has been caused to be struck in gold The Diamond Cross of Malta which is presented to Dr. Mary Church Twice-A-Week Tribune Six Days Ahead of The Pack! In line iwth its policy of getting the news first the Tribune presents these stories and pictures of the annual Christmas Cotillion last evening at Convention Hall, at which Dr. Mary Church Terrell was honored, six days before any other newspapers. Other photographs will be found on Page 8. Twice-A-Week Tribune Twice-A-Week Tribune Six Days Ahead of The Pack! In line with its policy of getting the news first the Tribune presents these stories and pictures of the annual Christmas Cotillion last evening at Convention Hall, at which Dr. Mary Church Terrell was honored, six days before any other newspapers. Other photographs will be found on Page 8. Twice-A-Week Tribune ing spirit behind the campaign to end denial of the rights of Negroes to eat in Washington, D.C. restaurants. This year she also brought to an end segregation of movie theaters there. Samuel Daroff, chairman of the Governor's Commission for Industrial Race Relations, gave the citation, which read "The Citizens of Philadelphia in tribute to Dr. Mary Church Terrell — Whereas Mary Church Terrell has devoted a lifetime of unrelenting activity in behalf of human rights and whereas she is an American citizen who represents the highest ideals of that citizency, and whereas Philadelphia, birthplace of those ideals, desires to honor one who stands in the vanguard of those dedicated to the preservation of the dignity and freedom of man. There has been caused to be struck in gold The Diamond Cross of Malta which is presented to Dr. Mary Church Terrell in the name of the citizens of Philadelphia." District Attorney Richardson Dilworth brought greetings from the city. WHITE IS PRESENT Also paying tribute to Dr. Terrell, was Walter White, executive secretary of the NAACP, of which she was one of the founders. White, who was accompanied by his wife, Poppy Cannon, accepted a joint donation to the Legal Defense Fund from Fletcher Pierce, president of the Bronzeman, Inc., who acted for a group of civic and social clubs. In another presentation, Ed R. Harris managing editor of the Tribune and temporary secretary of Heritage House, accepted a gift that organization from Raymond James Leslie, chairman of the financial committee of the Society Judge Herbert E. Millen, president of the society, presided at the ceremony. BRILLIANT DISPLAY Prior to that 600 talented young people of Philadelphia presented the ballet-fantasy "King of Dreams." Honoring the King, Eugene de Miranda, the dancers displayed a variety of talent in a series of sparkling scenes. In a rainbow of colors and a shower of sequins the dancers made their way on the floor to the applause of the spectators. Of the principals honors went to Sydney King, who danced the lead role in "The Valley of the Pearls," "The King of the Dreams" with Faye Peamon as Allahara; and in this scene great applause was won by three young dancers, Joan Johnson, Betsy Ann Dickerson and Billy Wilson. In this part of the ballet, the King of the Dreams made a stately, solo entrance, his robe streaming behind him like a molten rainbow. CHANGE OF PACE A change of pace and an interesting one too, came in the next scene, a "Caribbean Festival of Dreams" with the harsh sounds of the voodoo drums punctuating the silence of the auditorium. "Feline Fantasy" created by Eleanor Harris presented the novelty of catlike creatures with long tails agily and sleekly miming their roles. Vivienne Certaine danced "The Song of the Drums" in this number. The fantasy concluded with Leigh Parham in the role title of "Knightmayr" dancing to the climatic battle with William Jefferson, the "Marshal." The traditional Christmas Cotillion with the young ladies in filmy gowns and the gentlemen in white ties and tails concluded the program. As the ceremony honoring Mrs. Terrell began, Bertram A. Levy, associate director of the society, gave the call to assembly and Mrs. Terrell was escorted to the stage by members of the National Council of Negro Woman. MUSIC IS EXCELLENT Musical portions of the program were presented by Eloise Owens who sang "Cantique de Noel" at (Continued on Page 8) Judge Herbert E. Millen congratulates Dr. Mary Church Terrell on her receiving the Diamond Cross of Malta during the fifth annual Cotillion at Convention Hall last night. (Other photos on page 8) Glittering Fashions Make Colorful Scene By Bunice L. Burch Splendor, glitter and glamour marked the fifth Christmas Cotillion at Convention Hall on Wednesday evening. A throng of guests from along the Eastern seaboard, many other states and representatives from world embassies witnessed the brilliant pageantry, and awarding of the Diamond Cross of Malta to Dr. Mary Church Terrell. COLORFUL RECEPTION A diplomatic reception was held in the Gold Room from 8 to 9 p.m. prior to the opening of the cotillion. The table was resplendent with its beautiful floral centerpiece, tall tapers and silver service. Pouring tea and coffee were Mrs. Beverly Carter and Mrs. Eleanor Bond. Dr. Terrell, dignified and active for her 90-years, wore a lovely rose crepe gown, which complemented her snowy coiffure. Mrs. Jessie Vann chose a soft sky blue chiffon that floated cloud-like as strolled about. Mrs. Thelma Gordon of Washington, D.C., an interior decorator of the embassies and widow of the late Dr. David King Gordon of the University of Chicago, was charming in a white nylon net gown over taffeta trimmed in rhinestones. RIVAL PRISM Our own Philly mortician, Mrs. Jennie E. Morris, always so charming also chose a graceful gown in white. Mrs. Eula Cousins' wore gold net and brocade, the net skirt very bouffant and a gold rose on one shoulder decorated the fitted brocade bodice. Mrs. Ada Carter was charming in a pink taffeta gown sparkling with rhinestones and beads at the neckline. Mrs. George Lyle, Jr. chose black and her daughter, Andrea, wore a navy blue dress with tiny white figures. Mrs. Francis L. Oakley, from South Carolina visiting her sister Miss Mary L. Oakley, wore a pretty iridescent tissue taffeta with gold accessories. Vashti deMiranda was dazzling in a gorgeous silver lame gown. FROM "GAY WHITEWAY" Mrs. Wilva Breen, wife of Robert Breen of New York and director of the Broadway hit, "Porgy and Bess," was among the lovely ladies present. Mrs. Canada Lee, widow of the late stage and screen star was her vivacious self in a brown nylon tulle gown over gold with embroidered medalions. Gold jewelry completed her ensemble. Mr. and Mrs. George Black were among those present. Mrs. Black was striking in a black taffeta gown, and a pink camellia corsage forming a lovely contrast. Also choosing stark black was Mrs. Omega Mason of Salem, N.J. in a beautiful net gown. Camilla Coverdale, chairman of hostesses, chose sky blue, an off-the-shoulder ballerina length gown which featured an immense bow on one shoulder glittering with jewels. OPENED COTILLION Mrs. Geneva K. Valentine of Washington, D.C., former national president of the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women, who opened the Cotillion with the tree lighting ceremonies, was beautifully attired in a nylon tulle gown, the skirt yards and yards wide, sprinkled with net blossoms edged in gold metallic thread. Also wearing white was Mrs. Florida Williams. Mrs. Clifford R. Moore, a hostess, (Continued on Page 8) Our Girl Friday [*Aug 19 '50*] By Lois Taylor SOCIAL SERVICE SCENE: Concerning the $5,000 appropriated by the Community Chest last year to aid unwed mothers of color, Mrs. Minnie B. Edwards, case work administrator of the Ionia R. Whipper Home, says that the chest has authorized $4,000 for the operating expenses of the Home, July 1 through Dec. 31, 1950. The Home already has received its initial appropriation of $666 and has five more months in which to spend the remainder of the authorized sum. Community Chest officials also report that the Whipper Home is now a full-fledged chest agency and will participate with other such agencies in the United Community Services campaign here this fall. FEATHER IN THE CAP The Red Feather which the Home can use on its stationery really is a feather in the cap of those workers who have given so generously of their time, labor and devotion to establish this badly- needed institution. Speaking of chest agencies, persons who want to give some of their time to helping others can call UCS's Volunteer Service at DEcatur 7330. Marjorie Collins, the directory, says she is especially in need of daytime volunteers. The work to be done includes aiding in day nurseries, visiting the lonely aged and the blind, accompanying these handicapped folks to clinics, and helping to teach art, dramatics, dancing, and music. A volunteer choir leader is also needed at a local institution for juvenile delinquents. CONVENTION ITEMS: Mrs. Ella P. Stewart, NACW's re-elected president, expresses her thanks to local personalities who helped to make the recent convention in Atlantic City a success. At the convention, incidentally, Mrs. Anne Arnold Hedgeman of FSA did not "bump" Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune from the program of speakers. She spoke in place of Miss Katherine Lenroot, also of FSA, who was scheduled to receive a plaque at the convention but who was unable to be present. Mrs. Hedgeman received the plaque for Miss Lenroot and was also honored with a scroll from NACW for her work on local, State and national levels. At the National Conference on Aging, here in Washington, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell won the hearts of delegates. She will be 87 years old on Sept. 23. Mrs Mary McLeod Bethune, who also attended the conference, is 75 and took an active part in discussions on education for and about older people. Defender 14 Sat., Jan, 1954 with the women Demure In Frothy White 'Skegee Debs Bow At Cotillion TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE'S socialite set welcomes into its ranks (from left) Marian Braye, Joeann Berry, Sylvia Dunham, Frances Ramsey, Rose Marie Duncan, Helen Saunders, Peggy Mitchell, Mary Benton, Jerrolyn Holtzslaw, Barbara Hill, Nina Cooper, Joanne Fernandez, Constance Berry, and Clyde Alexander. Mostly about WOMEN by MARION B. CAMPFIELD YOUR "MOSTLY ABOUT WOMWN" scribe has been pretty remiss this holiday time in expressing her appreciation for the support, cooperation and encouragement she — and the Woman's department — has received every hour of the 365 days of her coverage stint of social … and woman's happening during '53. She's feeling guiltiest anen Mrs. Campfield the fact, she hasn't personally acknowledged the hundreds of so colorful and unique cards she's received … the many tokens of friendship and the encouraging expression of interest, friendship and goodwill. Now's the time for making resolutions for a better contribution toward a fuller and more rewarding life as one enters another year, hopefully and prayerfully. This scribe has long since given up listing her "New Year's Resolutions." She's been content, for sometimes now, with the sincere prayer that she'll carry through in 1954 the credo which has been hers since her Kay Cee, Kans., high school days … those immortal lines from Shakespeare's HAMLET: "This above all, to thine oneself be true And it must follow as night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man." More … And Still Merry SEEMED THIS YEAR's holiday pace was merriest, more glamorous and enjoyable (to say nothing about exhausting) than in many, many a Yuletide. Been frantically thumbing through the well-worn Roget's Thesaurus for not too frequently used descriptives stopper … so attractive and gracious HELEN KERRY, who donned black too … a floor length crepe trimmed with bands of jet beads. That white Chinese imported ankle length print which emphasized the loveliness of MATTIE 26 Debs Bow At Brilliant Coming Out Cotillion At Tuskegee Inst. TUSKEGEE Institute — Twenty-six debutantes made a formal bow to adult society here in brilliant and spectacular setting at a cotillion ball at Tuskegee Propeller club recently when their parents introduced them to their friends and the younger set. This reception was planned jointly since these young women had been friends for years, and many of them would be separated after this year The decor was one of simple beauty with green smilax and white gladioli utilized to charming effect. The smilax was interlaced on twin staircases to the supper room with the primary point of interest on the platform where the young debs were introduced. Banked with greenery which was dramatized by huge white satin bows, tall baskets of gladioli complimented the setting. The debutantes were introduced by the master of the ceremony Aubrey Page, against a background of music. Each debutante, as introduced, emerged to make a court curtsey. The fathers stepped out and offered their arms. The couple then walked down the white carpeted aisle to the mother's side. Where there were two daughters introduced, they were escorted to the mother together. FIRST DANCE The first dance, a waltz, was claimed by the fathers and at its completion escorts approached the lady of their choice and went into the debutantes' waltz. The debutantes, all attired in white — lace or tulle strapless gowns with bouffant skirts, and carrying pink rose buds and fern are: Miss Clyde Priscilla Alexander, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas M. Alexander, sophomore in Tennessee State university at Nashville; Margaret Stewart Benton, daughter of Mrs. Lecta M. Benton, freshman at West Virginia State college, Charleston; Misses Mary Alice Benton, daughter of Mrs. Lecta M. Benton high school senior at Tuskegee Institute; Constance Ernestine Berry, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Joseph A. Berry, sophomore in Bates college, Lewiston, Maine Misses Barbara Joeann Berry, another daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Berry, high school senior at Tuskegee Institute; Frances Katherine Bulls, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Albert C. Bulls, a freshman at Tufts college, Boston, Mass.; Nine Georgette Cooper, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. George W. Cooper freshman at Fisk university; OTHER DEBS Misses Rose Marie Duncan, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Williams Duncan and niece of Mrs. Dorinda Fair, freshman in Tuskegee Institute; Sylvia Elaine Dunham , daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Royal B. Dunham, high school senior at Tuskegee Institute; Fidelia Jo Anne Adams Fernandez, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John A. Fernandez, freshman in Xavier university, New Orleans, La.; Miss Janice Marie Joyce Green B. Reynolds, freshman, Howard University; Helen Hermyne Saunders, daughter of Mrs. Hermyne J. Saunders and Harold C. Saunders, freshman in Tuskegee Institute; Mary Lowery Stills daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Stills and niece of Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. White, high school senior at Tuskegee Institute; Miss Joan Francis Washington daughter of Mr. Charles W. Washington and nice of Mr. and Mrs. J Julius Flood, a high school senior in Tuskegee Institute and Miss Gwendolyn Delores Woods, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Williams and niece of Dr. and Mrs. Edgar E. Alexander, a high school senior in Tuskegee Institute. The debutantes and their escorts, attended a breakfast in their honor with their parents the hosts, immediately following the ball. The breakfast was held in the Pine Room of Dorothy Hall on Tuskegee's campus. Mason's DOUBLE STRENGTH GROWING AID The World's Fastest Hair Growing Aids Large Pound Jar .... $2.25 DEE-LITE PRESSING OIL Large Pound Jar .... $1.25 of her coverage stint of social and woman's happening during '53. She's feeling guiltiest anen! Mrs. Campfield the fact, she hasn't personally acknowledged the hundreds of so colorful and unique cards she's received . . .the many tokens of friendship and the encouraging ex prayer that she'll become wiser as the years are added . . . that she'll carry through in 1954 the credo which has been hers since her Kay Cee, Kans., high school days . . . those immortal lines from Shakespeare's HAMLET: "This above all, to thine own- self to be true And it must follow as night the day, Thou canst not them be false to any man." More ... And Still Merry SEEMED THIS YEAR'S holiday pace was merriest, more glamorous and enjoyable (to say nothing about exhausting) than in many, many a Yuletide. Been frantically thumbing through the well-worn Roget's Thesarus for not too frequently used descriptives to word portray the galaxy of really great get-togethers, brilliant formal parties and smart, swelelegant functions. The whirl also included the provocative and unique in festivities . . .like that ultra bit of cultural fare last Saturday peem when ETTA MÓTEN BARNETT and ELEANOR CURTIS DAILEY were hostesses to a modish and cosmopolitan crowd at the Art Center on Lake Shore Drive. There'll be pix and feature treatment anent this fabulous fete next issue time - press of holiday assignments and end-of- year "loose ends" prevented adequate coverage this week. * * * THOSE SO MODISH Royalites "dood" it again last Thursday nite at annual New Year's eve party in Parkway ballroom . . . and a capacity crowd joined them to welcome '54 and speed old '53 on its way into parade of bygone years. This year's crowd was the kind you love to make merry with . . . and on accounta everyone one knows was there, "Mostly's" contenting herself with turning spotlight on those glamor femmes themselves. Prexy OKABEANA (Okie to her friends) LAWSON, the delovely who favors black, donned an exquisite ankle length chantilly lace and added glamor with those so new Turkish cocktail cigarettes with gold tips and pastel hues . . . HARRIET JACKSON chose white ankle length strapless taffeta sheath . . . while black was flattering choice of BETTY BOWEN . . . 'twas floor length strapless creation with rhinestone studded side bustle. AUDREY HINTON, in party mask, favored a red sequined sheath dramatized by back floor length bustle . . . beauteous MARVA SPAULDING, with medic-hubby ALBERT beaming proudly, was the epitome of sophistication in a black all-over sequin scroll embroidered after-five original. . . black chantilly lace was stunning LILLIAN KEITHLEY's choice . . . back velvet lavishly jet beaded sheath was PEARL COBB's eye stopper . . . so attractive and gracious HELEN KERRY, who donned black too . . . a floor length crepe trimmed with bands of jet beads. That white Chinese imported ankle length print which emphasized the loveliness of MATTIE ANDERSON and BILLIE MAXWELL's beige satin, rhinestone, studded, completed the Royalities' fashion picture. Incidentally, Betty Bowen . . . who danced with the Kappas at her first formal in too many years, was charming hostess to a party which included sister HANNAH SNEED's holiday time house guest OMEGA SHELTON, Memphis schoolmarm. Visitor chose a robin egg blue chiffon accented by silver accessories . . . while Hannah was striking picture in black and gold hand blocked faille with gold accessories highlighting her gown. Gala time was enhanced for "Mostly" for it gave her chance to chat too briefly with RACHELLE (Skeets' sibling) KING BURCH and her major - hubby, LEONARD INEAL. Couple's back in States after over five years' stint in Germany. This scrbe's eagerly anticipating visit with their two cuddly youngsters, too. Younger was born on her natal day (Sept 24). Folks Ike ARTIE (original chapeaux) WIGGINS and hubby MAURICE, HANNAH and Charles Jones were conspicuous of their absence, legion of friends agreed. PEGGY (Mrs. J. G., sr.,) LEMON found nicest way to spend the holidays . . . she's on a tour of the West Indies with niece and hubby . . . he's North Carolina college prexy, ALPHONSO ELDER of Durham . . and same city's Atty. and Mrs. W. D. THOMPSON in her party. Quintet (Peggy joined 'em in Miami) flew from there to Port au Prince in Haiti where they stopped at Hotel Ibo Lele high in tropical paradise's famed mountains. She's remembering vividly the mule back ride to the Citadel in Cape Haitian . . . visit in Jamaica with Chi's own CLIFFORD (the lawyer) and LIDA TAVERNIER whose beautiful home faces the Caribbean sea. So interesting travel-letter was mailed from Montego Bay where party stopped at the famed Tower Isle hotel. Itinerary includes visit in Cuba before returning hime, "sometime in January." Data 'N' More Chatta STILL CHECKING mailbag for interest-notes, there's one from Kay Cee, Mo., and another Windy Citian - GERRY (Masciano- Wheat) LYNN which contained invitation to attend open house and meet her at the GERRY LYNN FINISHING SCHOOL OF CHARM and MODELING this Sunday pe-em 'tween 2 and 7 at 3231 Troost. Wish "Mostly" could make it, but best of luck, Gerry. So talented ABBE SHUFORD, the WILLIAM SHUFORDs of So. Calument ave.'s pride and joy is making a name for herself on television in New York City. She received columnist JACK GOULD's favorable mention for "remarkable" job she did in first major role before cameras portraying the girl in "Harlem Detective." Incidentally, Abbe, who's brother is BILL SHUFORD, brilliant pianist organist is an Englewood hi graduate, and one of the original MILDRED HAESSLER dancers who taught a dancing class for tots at Parkway Garden Homes before going to New York to study. [photograph] "LES CHERES AMIES" - In English it's "the dear friends", a social club that does so many good deeds throughout the year for social and charity organizations. Pictured as they complete plans for their N.A.A.C.P. project and cocktail party for the season to celebrate their third anniversary are Rita Robinson, secretary- treasurer; Myrtle Alexander, treasurer; Louise Love, president; Myrtle Lewis, vice president; Rubye David, Gerta Short and Babsie Baker; Margaret Gibson, Winifred Watkins, Angelenial Ogden, Ruby Rochelle, Arter Brossard and Les Carter - E. F. Joseph photo. Jacksonville Society Welcomes First Debutantes During Yuletide JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - This city's first debutantes were formally presented to society recently by members of Les Treize Amies club at the Two Spot club. The beautiful affair was one of the most outstanding and gala of the holiday season. Gown in white with long white gloves, the 10 members of the debutante coterie were introduced by Adrian Kenneth Knight, who served as mater of ceremonies. Each deb was escorted by her father or relative to the center of the ballroom where she was met by her escort. The first, Miss Beatrice Lola Ross, was presented by Harold Jenkins of Tallahasee. Her escort was Milton Glass. Miss Joanne M. Wilson, presented by her father William J. Wilson was escorted by Rubin Felder. Miss Norma Ruth Solomon was presented by her father, Gilbert Solomon. Samuel Williams was her escort. Johnetta Betsch introduced by J. Leonard Lewis jr., was escorted by Clam Ali, student of Howard university; Charolette Anette Brown, on the arm of her father, Railford Brown, was met by Jerome Thomas. Warren Johnson was the escort of Bettye Jeanne Donalson, who was presented by her father, Frank Donalson. Dr. James H. Lewis presented his granddaughter, Marvyne E. Betsch, Gerald Grayson was her escort, while Marilyn H. Miller, presented by Raymond Miller, her father, was squired by Thomas Abrams of Tallahassee. Miss Marion Frances Samuels was presented by her grandfather LeVaugh I. Aveilhe. Robert Robinson was her escort and Fred Reed was the escort of Alice Ann Foster, presented by her brother, Williard. Each escort presented the debutante of his choice a bouquet of red roses; Mrs. Doris Jones presented them with gold bracelets, gifts from the sponsoring club. Following the presentation the debutantes and their escorts featured "The Cotillion" followed by a waltz. Members of the guards of honor were Mmes. Florida Dwight, Cassius A. Ward, Frank W. Ervin, Theresa O. Butler Lenora Lawson; Mmes. John E. Rutledge, Lucille G. Colman, Daisy A. Duncan, J. M. Baker and S. P. Livingston. Les Treize Amies are Mmes. Raymond S. Miller, Howard Singleton, Theodore Wilson, Simpkins Jones, Killis B. Bonner, King David Britt, Walker Mears, Hunter Satterwhite, Warren W. Schen, William J. Smith and Misses Coatsie Jones, Ruth Broome and Gwendolyn Schell. ROSIE O. (prexy PARKER and treasurer PEARL GANT got in just under "deadline" wire with column , note that the WANDs' cerebral palsy unit is giving a keno party THURSDAY (Jan. 7) at Bowman Dairy co., 4149 So. State 'tween 8 and 10 pe-em. AND RIGHT HERE's spot to advise all of you who have column-items, club news and other news for the WOMAN'S SECTION: Items for publication must be in the Woman's department by 9 ay-em on Mondays of the week in which they are to appear. Overall deadlines have been advanced a full 24 hours. YOUR COOPERATION WILL HELP US BRING YOU A BETTER, MORE NEWSY SECTION. LAVISH AND ELABORATE are adjectives folks are using these days to describe that cocktail party at which CHARLES D. (Westside business man) and SARA ASHMORE give Sunday in their spacious and gor-je-usly appointed home. Fete was one of those "black tie" and after-five functions, and guests who gathered to sip and sup made modish and dap- per picture, indeed. "Mostly's" still hearing raves about that original Dior which THELMA JACKSON wore . . . while others presenting smart front were the GEORGE BRYDIEs, CLARENCE FORDs, JESSE OWENS, TAFT RIDLEYs, JAMES SUMMEROVERs, EUGENE PERRIN, WARREN SPENCERs . . . ditto Drs. and Mesdames E. P. BOATWRIGHT, WILLIAM BOWMAN, FRED BALLARD, RICHMAN, FED BALLARD, RIAHARD JACKSON, LUTHER HOLMAN . . . Atty. and Mrs. Arthur Hamilton and LAVERT JOHNSON. THE ROY BROWNs of E. 56th street were perfect hosts during holidays at dinner complimenting friends and relatives both in and out of town. Enjoying sumptuous eight-course dinner were hosts' daughter, ALLEDA CHAMBERS COURTS of Cleveland; LUCY GRANSBERRY and JAMES H. JONES of Milwaukee, cousin; EUGENE TARVER of Pittsburgh, HENRY STOVAL, Aberdeen, Miss, the JAMES F. (parents) PERRYs, VIRGIA CHAMBERS AVERY, another daughter; son, PERRY CHAMBERS, EDDIE PERRY (grandson) CHAMBERS, the ANGELO DAVISes and ANGELO AVERY. We Send THESE TWO BOTTLES FINEST QUALITY PERFUME WITH ORDER No. 8 BEST MARCEL IRON $1.79 ROLLING HANDLES No. 10 COMB WOOD HANDLE $1.89 BRASS COMB WIRE HANDLE CURVED TEETH $1.79 CURLING IRON . . $1.00 Bobby Comb 1.00 H. K. COMPANY Box 2163-82 Richmond, Va. $2.95 Electric Comb KEROSENE OIL STOVE $2.95 3 WICKS 50C SEND NO Pay Postman MONEY. Plus Charges LEARN TO BE A PRACTICAL NURSE Let us show you how you can study in your spare time to prepare for employment in this honored calling. Time to finish depends entirely on your ability. Ages 18 to 55. LOW MONTHLY NO EXTRA PAYMENTS CHARGES NURSES ARE GREATLY NEEDED - OUR GRADUATES ARE IN DEMAND - MAIL COUPON TODAY! WAYNE SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL NURSING 2325 Sheffield Avenue, Desk R-206, Chicago 14, Illinois Please send me complete information about your course in Practical Nursing. Name Phone Address City Zone State Couple Tell of Chicago Wedding KANSAS CITY, Mo. - John G. Goss and Zenobia N. Baker this week announced their marriage with an open house at their home, 3233 Lockridge. One hundred and 50 friends called to wish them much happiness. The couple received many beautiful gifts. The marriage took place in Chicago, Ill., Aug. 22, 1953 where they spent their honeymoon. Berry, high school senior at Tuskegee Institute; Frances Katherine Bulls, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Albert C. Bulls, a freshamn at Tufts college, Boston, Mass.; Nina Georgette Cooper, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. George W. Cooper freshman at Fisk university; OTHER DEBS Misses Rose Marie Duncan, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Williams Duncan and niece of Mrs. Dorinda Fair, freshman in Tuskegee Institute; Sylvia Elaine Dunham, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Royal B. Dunham, high school senior at Tuskegee Institute; Fidelia Jo Anne Adam's Fernandez, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John A. Fernandez, freshman in Xavier University, New Orleans, La.; Miss Janice Marie Joyce Green daughter of Mrs. Rose C. Green and Lucian A. Green, a freshman in Morgan State college, Baltimore, Md.; Perri Morgan Green, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Thomas G. Perry, freshman in Spelman college, Atlanta; Lillian Ondray Hamilton, daughter of Mrs. Julia S. Hamilton, freshman in Tuskegee Institute; SKEGEE COEDS Misses Virginia Lou Hamilton, niece of Dr. Ophelia Pearson Cooper, sponsored by Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Norfels, freshman in Tuskegee Institute; Barbara Jean Hill, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William B. Hill, sophomore at Tuskegee Institute; Jerolyn Constance Holtzclaw, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Jerry H. Holtzclaw, freshman in Tuskegee Institute; Delores Del Jackson, niece of Mr. and Mrs. Alonzo C. White, sophomore, Bennett college, Greensboro, N.C.; Miss Alberta Marilyn Lancaster daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius A. Lancaster, high school senior in Tuskegee Institute; Peggy Ann Mitchell, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William P. Mitchell, high school senior, Tuskegee Institute; Frances Yvonne Ramsey, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edward W. Ramsey, high school senior, Tuskegee Institute; Misses Olive Yvonne Reynolds daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles [??????????????????????????????????] school senior in Tuskegee Institute. The debutantes and their escorts, attended a breakfast in their honor with their parents the hosts, immediately following the ball. The breakfast was held in the Pine Room of Dorothy Hall on Tuskegee's campus. 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Demand PLUKO HAIR DRESSING A FAMOUS BLACK AND WHITE PRODUCT Philadelphia Society, Diplomats Applaud 5th Annual Cotillion Chicago Defender WORLD'S GREATEST WEEKLY Sat., Jan. 16, 1954 PHILADELPHIA COTILLION SOCIETY PHILADELPHIA COTILLION SOCIETY DAZZLING, SPECTACULAR AND BRILLIANT pageant of dramatic and historical significance, the fifth annual Philadelphia Cotillion which each year attracts thousands from all over the country had as its 1953 theme, "King of Dreams." The "King" Eugene de Miranda strikes impressive pose as photos surrounding center picture depict various highlights of scintillating production. Center photo: Mrs. Robert L. Vann, Pittsburgh Courier, hangs the Philadelphia Cotillion Society's highest yearly achievement award the Diamond Cross of Malta on the shoulders of Dr. Mary Church Terrell, 90-year-old defender of human rights as Judge Herbert Millen, president of Society congratulates the honoree. "King of Dreams," the work of Dr. Eugene Wayman Jones, director of the society featured an original ballet fantasy. Some 800 youngsters from the schools of Philadelphia took part in the exciting tale in dance and music. The completely integrated Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra, furnished the music. Photos by de Mille. Washington Pipeline . . . (*Courier Nov. 21, 1953) By Stanley Roberts WASHINGTON -- His nation-wide legal friends and associates will be interested in a testimonial dinner in honor of Judge Andrew Howard at Washington National Airport sponsored by D. C. Bar Association Nov. 20. * * * Seeking Republican support for a job on the contemplated new Government Contract Committee executive staff, Howard Rosen, assistant professor of political science at Hampton, has been in and out of town. * * * In response to many requests reaching the Courier for sources here of material for research, writing and background information, write to Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Some ninety-eight million pieces of literature are yearly but lists and prices can be obtained on request. This little publicized source offers a wealth of information. Use it! * * * D. C. Frontier's Club has lined up new Negro members of the Republican Administration to have a look at and hear one at each Tuesday luncheon meeting. Opening session last week heard Val Washington of National Committee . . . This week it's Atty. Scovil Richardson of the U. S. Parole Board . . . Next it's E. Frederic Morrow, Minorities liaison man on Ike's campaign train, now Adviser on Business Affairs in Department of Commerce . . . Incidentally, Morrow's first public appearance since joining Government was at the National Negro Business League Atlanta convention early this month. Newest attack on Washington segregation is against Columbia Institution for the Deaf. Americans for Democratic Action point out that the segregation is not request by law and could be changed by a stroke of Commissioner Sam Spencer's pen. * * * Mamie Eisenhower delights the women's organizations visiting here by her frequent entertaining and White House receptions. Naturally, women visiting Washington (and men, too) like to go back home boasting of shaking hands with the President's wife. She is getting good advice on her public relations among Negro women. For instance, for reading at March Church Terrell's ninetieth birthday party she took time, in her own handwriting, to congratulate the old warrior who has been recently identified with breaking down restaurant and theatre jim crow here. Wrote Mrs. Ike: "Dear Mrs. Terrell: It is a great pleasure for me to join with your host of friends in sending my most sincere congratulations to you on the occasion of your ninetieth birthday on Oct. 10. You should have great pride in your life of service and self-sacrifice and great satisfaction in your scholastic achievements as you look back over the years and the countless honors accorded you. Cherished memories of family and friends will bring you pleasure. My best wishes to you for many more years of continued happiness and health . . . Mamie Dowd Eisenhower." * * * Also when the Executive Committee of the National Council of Negro Women was received at White House last Thursday two ladies who played an important part in the election of her husband, Mrs. Daisy Lampkin and Mrs. Jane Morrow Spaulding, led the line into Mamie's receiving room and posed for pictures with her, all this at her special request. * * * The late Charles Houston, great civil rights lawyer, had a browsing room contributed by the Barristers' Wives, dedicated to his memory Sunday in the Baker's Dozen Youth Center. Committee includes Mmes. Wesley S. Williams, Barrington D. Parker, Richard R. Atkinson, William B. Bryant, Wayland McClellan, Hubert B. Pair, Richard E. Washington and Maurice R. Weeks. * * * Sidney J. Phillips, president of Booker T. Washington Birthday Memorial (Virginia), sent along some clippings of his highly readable weekly column in The Tribune publishes at Roanoke. Phillips actively supported Thomas B. Stanley for Governor. Stanley, a Democrat, won. Watch for the astute Phillips playing an active and decisive part in Virginia political affairs. * * * Creation of a Permanent Federal Commission on Civil Rights, with an adequate budget and staff, has been called by Senator Hubert H. Humphrey (D., Minn.). He said that he urged establishing such a commission as a supplement to, rather than a substitute for, eventual enactment of an effective equal opportunity employment legislation. He described his commission plan "as a possible first step in the direction of further Federal legislation." Times-Herald Oct. 11, 1953 Mrs. Terrell Is Honored At Fund Drive Luncheon Mrs. Mary Church Terrell was honored with a luncheon at the Statler hotel Saturday as she celebrated her 90th birthday. Here she is shown with Federal Judge William H. Hastie (left) of Philadelphia, and Walter white, president of the National association for the Advancement of Colored People. More than 700 persons attended a luncheon at the Statler hotel Saturday honoring Mrs. Mary church Terrell on her 90th birthday. Mrs. Terrell has been prominent in district affairs for more than 60 years. she was the first Negro woman to be appointed to the district school board. Walter white, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of colored People, paid tribute to Mrs. Terrell as a "great American who has lived, breathed and fought valiantly for full equality for all human beings irrespective of race, creed, color or national origin." The Rev. Arthur F. Elmes, minister of the People's Congregational church, officially launched the Mary Church Terrell fund, which will be used to fight discrimination and segregation in the District. Star, D.C. Oct. 11, 1953 AT NINETIETH BIRTHDAY PARTY - Mrs. Mary Church Terrell is congratulated on her 90th birthday by three of the 700 persons who helped her celebrate yesterday. Shown with her are (left to right) Federal Judge William Hastie of Philadelphia, Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and Eugene Davidson, NAACP official. --Star Staff Photo 700 Fete Mrs. Terrell On 90th Birthday For Services to Race More than 700 persons from Washington and other points attended luncheon in honor of Mrs. Mary Chuck Terrell yesterday on her 90th birthday. Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, led in praising the work of Mrs. Terrell in seeking equal rights for colored citizens. Mr. White said the gathering was in celebration of the birthday of a great American. he said another reason for the celebration was the recent Supreme Court decision banning race segregation in Washington restaurants. Mrs. Terrell fled the law suit which brought the decision. Start Anti-Discrimination Fund. Mr. White also called for a stepped-up effort to end discrimination against Negroes. A new fund campaign with a goal of $50,000 was started to help combat race discrimination. A pamphlet distributed to the gathering said the fund, named for Mrs. Terrell will be used to aid organizations which will seek to end all traces of discrimination here by 1963, Mrs. Terrell's 100th birthday anniversary and the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. The Rev. Arthur F. Elmes, pastor of the People's Congregational Church, made a plea for support of the campaign. He said funds would be sought elsewhere in the country as well as here. 'Can be More Proud of Capital.' Mr. White told the meeting the restaurant decision and the lifting of race bars by downtown movie houses have made the Nation's Capital "a place of which we can be more proud, instead of being ashamed of it." But, Mr. White added, "we must realize how great is the task which lies before us for completion of the unfinished business of democracy. Even as we pause today to pay tribute to one of the great champions of freedom, let us here highly resolve to step up this business of cleaning the Augean stables of democracy which remain to be cleaned." Besides Mrs. Terrell, Mr. White speaker, congratulated Mrs. Terrell as one of the "few people who kept on" against segregation even in years when others were frustrated. Judge Hastie announced that Mrs. Terrell will be awarded the Diamond Cross of Malta in December by the Philadelphia Cotillion, which has similarly honored Singer Marian Anderson, Dr. Ralph Bunche, Negro statesman, and other prominent citizens. Mrs. Terrell was presented with a certificate of merit from the National Bar Association, Negro legal group, by Mrs. Annie Stein of New York, former executive secretary of the Coordinating Committee for the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws, of which Mrs. Terrell is chairman. Mrs. Terrell devoted her brief reply mostly to the movie theaters, saying that theater managers have promised to end discrimination, and urging Negroes to go to the theaters "in a nice friendly spirit, feeling when we do that we are helping to make the Capital of the United States the greatest democracy on earth." Was Teacher Here. Mrs. Terrell, a native of Memphis, Tenn., has lived here for more than 60 years. Widow of Municipal Court Judge Robert Terrell, she is a former District school teacher and Board of Education member. A graduate of Oberlin College, she precipitated a decision by the Washington chapter of the American Association of University Women to drop race bars when she applied for membership in 1946. She was a founder of the National Association of Colored Women and also of NAACP. The Rev. Carl H. Kopf, pastor of the First Congressional Church, gave the invocation at the luncheon. Mme. Lillian Evanti sang a song dedicated to Mrs. Terrell, and a group of Howard University students also provided music. Among those attending were Singer Paul Robeson and his wife, who gave a contribution to the new fund. The luncheon was held at the Statler Hotel. AT NINETIETH BIRTHDAY PARTY--Mrs. Mary Church Terrell is congratulated on her 90th birthday by three of the 700 persons who helped her celebrate yesterday. Shown with her are (left to right) Federal Judge William Hastie of Philadelphia, Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association of the Advancement of Colored People and Eugene Davidson, NAACP official. --Star Staff Photo. 700 Fete Mrs. Terrell On 90th Birthday For Services to Race More than 700 persons from Washington and other points attended a luncheon in honor of Mrs. Mary Chuck Terrell yesterday on her 90th birthday. Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, led in praising the work of Mrs. Terrell in seeking equal rights for colored citizens. Mr. White said the gathering was in celebration of the birthday of a great American. He said another reason for the celebration was the recent Supreme Court decision banning race segregation in Washington restaurants. Mrs. Terrell fled the law suit which brought the decision. Start Anti-Discrimination Fund. Mr. White also called for a stepped-up effort to end discrimination against Negroes. A new fund campaign with a goal of $50,000 was started to help combat race discrimination. A pamphlet distributed to the gathering said the fund, named for Mrs. Terrell, will be used to aid organizations which will seek to end all traces of discrimination here by 1963, Mrs. Terrell's 100th birthday anniversary and the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. The Rev. Arthur F. Elmes, pastor of the People's Congregational Church, made a plea for support of the campaign. He said funds would be sought elsewhere in the country as well as here. "Can be More Proud of Capital.' Mr. White told the meeting the restaurant decision and the lifting of race bars by downtown movie houses have made the Nation's Capital "a place of which we can be more proud, instead of being ashamed of it." But, Mr. White added, "we must realize how great is the task which lies before us for completion of the unfinished business of democracy. Even as we pause today to pay tribute to one of the great champions of freedom, let us here highly resolve to step up this business of cleaning the Augean stables of democracy which remain to be cleaned." Besides Mrs. Terrell, Mr. White also praised the late Charles H. Houston, Washington attorney, for unearthing the so-called "lost laws" of the District on which the Supreme Court based its restaurant decision. Judge Lauds Mrs. Terrell. Federal Circuit Judge William Hastie of Philadelphia, another speaker, congratulated Mrs. Terrell as one of the "few people who kept on" against segregation, even in years when others were frustrated. Judge Hastie announced that Mrs. Terrell will be awarded the Diamond Cross of Malta in December by the Philadelphia Cotillion, which has similarly honored Singer Marian Anderson, Dr. Ralph Bunche, Negro statesman, and other prominent citizens. Mrs. Terrell was presented with a certificate of merit from the National Bar Association, Negro legal group, by Mrs. Annie Stein of New York, former executive secretary of the Co-ordinating Committee for the D. C. Anti-Discrimination Laws, of which Mrs. Terrell is chairman. Mrs. Terrell devoted her brief reply mostly to the movie theaters, saying that theater managers have promised to end discrimination, and urging Negroes to go to the theaters "in a nice friendly spirit, feeling when we do that we are helping to make the Capital of the United States the greatest democracy on earth." Was Teacher Here. Mrs. Terrell, a native of Memphis, Tenn., has lived here for more than 60 years. Widow of Municipal Court Judge Robert Terrell, she is a former District school teacher and Board of Education member. A graduate of Oberlin College, she precipitated a decision by the Washington chapter of the American Association of University Women to drop race bars when she applied for membership in 1946. She was a founder of the National Association of Colored Women and also of the NAACP. The Rev. Carl H. Kopf, pastor of the First Congregational Church, gave the invocation at the luncheon. Mme. Lillian Evanti sang a song dedicated to Mrs. Terrell, and a group of Howard University students also provided music. Among those attending were Singer Paul Robeson and his wife, who gave a contribution to the new fund. The luncheon was held at the Statler Hotel. LONG WAY 'ROUND: [*Afro Nov. 7, 1953*] Mrs. Ike's birthday letter finally reaches Mrs. Terrell A tempest in a teapot threatened to bubble over here this week when Mrs. Mary Church Terrell received - nearly a month late- a birthday greeting from Mrs. Mamie Eisenhower, wife of the President. The missive, which bore the date Oct. 5 was destined to be read at the gala birthday celebration held for Mrs. Terrell at the Hotel Statler on Oct 10. In a white envelope marked "By Hand," it was delivered by messenger to the office of Mrs. Geneva K. Valentine, chairman of the celebration, sometime before the luncheon. Like Hornet's Nest Bu the 90-year-old recipient did not even know of the greeting's existence until it was brought to her on this past Tuesday at about 2 p.m. by Mrs. Bettie Hayes, a member of the committee for the celebration. Local telephone wires for sometime thereafter buzzed like a hornet's nest, with just the slightest bit of acrimony on the part of all parties concerned, until Wednesday when the clouds apparently gave way before a detailed clarification of just what happened to the letter after it was signed and left the White House. AFRO inquiries netted the information that Mrs. Valentine, well known local business woman and president of the National association of Business and Professional Women, had asked Mrs. Eisenhower to send the letter. Issued In Time "The White House usually sends greetings to the Association's conventions," Mrs. Valentine said, :and so I thought that Mrs. Eisenhower would send a message to be included in the album of other messages from distinguished persons for Mrs. Terrell." At the White House the letter was duly written and signed and issued, according to White House (continued on page 2) Who holds oldest birth certificate In Dist. of Columbia? Who holds the oldest issued birth certificate in the District? That's a question to which an answer is being sought by the public Service Bureau, 4564 Indiana ave., Chicago 15, III. the appeal has been made to newspapers by Y. P. Thompson research assistant of the bureau. If you think you have the one issued the longest time ago, then write the bureau in Chicago. --Birthday letter (Continued From Page 1) Secretary Mary J. McCaffrey, "in loads of time to be read at the birthday luncheon." Mrs. Valentine reported that the letter reached her office sometime before the birthday celebration, but was no brought to her attention until after the event took place. Office Was Busy Workers in her offices, Mrs. Valentine said, were very busy at the time, handling not only the work of the office, but reservations for the birthday luncheon and arrangements for the national convention of her organization. "It didn't come to my desk before I left for the luncheon," stated Mrs. Valentine, "and I regretted it very much. Had I known it was there, I would have read it at the luncheon." Mrs. Valentine further said that she gave the letter to Mrs. Hayes at a meeting during the week following the luncheon and that Mrs. Hayes was to deliver the letter to Mrs. Terrell. Active On Committee Mrs. Hayes is an active member of the co-ordinating committee, headed by Mrs. Terrell, whose fight against bias in D. C. restaurants ended with the Supreme Court's "eat anywhere" ruling this past Summer. Said Mrs. Hayes: "I received the letter from Mrs. Valentine at the meeting, along with hundreds of other messages, none of which has been acknowledged, which are to be bound in an album for Mrs. Terrell. Slighting the Administration "Since it had not arrived in time to be read at the luncheon, I did not think it was important. I had it in my possession, but I had so many other things to do at the time that I just didn't have the opportunity to get it to Mrs. Terrell. "I freely and frankly admit it was my oversight, but there was no intent whatsoever on my part to withhold it," added Mrs. Hayes, saying that she had received a number of telephone calls. Some persons calling appeared to think there were political implications and that the Administration was being slighted, which could not be the case, Mrs. Hayes pointed out, since Max Raab, White House advisor, was at the speakers table at the birthday luncheon. Mrs. Terrell said that as soon as she learned about the letter on Tuesday, she called the White House to explain why she had not acknowledged it earlier. "I said that i was very, very grateful and highly honored and greatly appreciated Mrs. Eisenhower's writing the letter," Mrs. Terrell declared. "I did not want them to think that I was such a barbarian as to wait a month, almost, before answering such a letter. I certainly wish I had at least known about it sooner." [*Afro Oct 10, 1953*] City honors Mary Terrell Reading room to be dedicated her (see Editorial on Page 15) A reading-room dedicated to Mrs. Mary Church Terrell will be opened at Inspiration House, Sunday evening, following the birthday luncheon in Mrs. Terrell's honor at the Statler Hotel on Saturday afternoon. The luncheon, set for 12:30 p.m., Saturday, will celebrate Mrs. Terrell's 90th Birthday, which occurred on Sept.23. Main Speakers will be Walter White, executive secretary of the NAACP, and Judge William Hastie of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals. Mme. Lillian Evanti, soprano, will sing. Dedication of the reading-room at Inspiration House will take place at 6:30 p.m. on Sunday. It will feature musical numbers by Mrs. Ruby H. Talbott and Dr. Hilda Bolden and a dramatic production entitled "A Portrait of a Woman." J.W. Butcher, Author The Washington Repertory Players will appear in "A Portrait of a Woman" which was written by James W. Butcher Jr., with research on Mrs. Terrell's life by Dr. Margaret Butcher. Dr. Anne Cooke of Howards University will direct. Inspiration House, Inc., located at 1867 Kalorama rd., nw, is headed by Mrs. Genev[ ] K. Valentine, prominent local business-woman, and has for several years been a center of interracial cultural activities in Washington. The committee in charge of the program on Sunday is composed of Mrs. Valentine and High Valentine, Miss Emmitta Cardozo, Mrs. Edna M. Davney, Miss Catherine Martin, Mrs. Blanche Elliott, Miss Priscilla Wilkes, Mrs. Minnie Banks, Mrs. Bonnie Greenidge, Melvin Smith, and George Fleming, chairman of Inspiration House, Inc. Heads Co-ordinating Committee The celebrations in Mrs. Terrell's honor over the week end mark both her birthday and her numerous contributions to civic progress in the U.S. for nearly 70 years, as well as her international activities in the woman's suffrage movement. The luncheon at the Statler comes four months after the Co-ordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws, of which Mrs. Terrell is chairman, won its famous "eat anywhere" ruling from the U.S. Supreme Court on June 8. COTILLION The Diamond Cross of Malta, Philadelphia, Cotillion Society's highest award, is presented to Dr. Mary Church Terrell (center) by Mrs. Robert L. Vann (right) as Judge Herbert E. Millen looks on in Convention Hall. The society staged its annual Christmas Cotillion last night. [*Phila. Inquirer Dec. 31, 1953*] Page 8 Chi COURIER December 26, 1953 toki types By Toki Schalk Johnson "Peace on earth, good-will to men." Practice Peace . . . Most of us rattle off "Peace on earth, good will to me" just as if we were saying "Hello, howareyou," without a thought. Mechanically we prattle of the Christmas spirit and plot for a new year replete with high-sounding phrases of what we're going to do after January first. How much better it would be to begin now learning how to practice the real peace on earth, good will to men. We don't have to wait for the Supreme Court to make a nation-wide decision . . . we don't have to wait for the President and the rest of the world dignitaries to proclaim a globe-circling peace. We can start right now in our own backyards and learn how to work at peace, and good will. We can begin with our own families and, as of right now, do some good work on letting peace come into the family circle. We can start closing our eyes to the hundreds of minor annoyances which in the past have confused us and made us sharp-tongued and unruly to those nearest and dearest to us. Why prattle about "peace on earth" and forget our own small patch of ground? Why yackety-yack about "good will to men" and forget men and women and children who belong to us? Let's start our world-wide observance of peace by bringing some of it into our own homes. And if we do, we'll find that a lot of it will overflow into the streets . . . into the homes close by . . . and into our work-a-day world. There's no point in praying for world peace when there is so much conflict right in our immediate midst. We can't correct a top-layer situation without beginning at the bottom and working up. Let's make this wonderful season the best yet by really working at the peace and good will. Horizon Socializing . . . Most fabulous of all Christmas Cotillions for Philadelphia will be this year's . . . when Dr. Eugene Wayman Jones takes off from the highest mountain top of imagination to present the ballet fantasy, "King of Dreams." There will be 600 in the cast . . . diplomats representing a dozen foreign nations will attend the pre-Cotillion party . . . where charming hostesses in their flowing gowns (all feminine participants, hear tell, will wear gorgeous ball gowns, floor-length, and long white kid gloves, which are so chi-chi) will greet the honored few who received bids. A dramatic guest list of socialites from all along the Eastern Seaboard will be on hand . . . and, of course, proceeds will go to the development of Heritage House," which opens on Jan. 29 . . . and to the legal defense fund of the NAACP. Judge Herbert E. Millen is president of the Cotillion Society . . . Bertram A. Levy is associate director . . . and Gene Jones, executive director. Dr. Mary Church Terrell, one of the most magnificent women ever to trod the paths of life . . . whose daring in the face of great odds . . . those which faced all women in her youth . . . when men thought women should be neither seen nor heard except in the fastness of the home . . . will receive the Diamond Cross of Malta. God gave her good health and long life so that she might complete many fine acts in the name of our men and women . . . As we have said before, and we say again, we bow to Philadelphia . . . the town where so many wonderful things take place. Yes, we'll be there for the Cotillion. Lillian Evanti, the actress-singer, whose charm and beauty add much to her portrayal via the music route, various operatic roles be her roommate, Carolyn Gripson, of New York . . . and Rosena Langford of Cleveland. The Jesse Glosters of Houston, Texas, former Pittsburghers . . . will welcome her mother, Mrs. Gladys Robinson, for the gay times . . . her first visit to the great West. And speaking of Houston, hear tell gorgeous Ann Robinson is remodeling her home . . . And post from Jane Morrow Spaulding tells us that she is serving on the Care for Korean Children Committee under Mrs. Myron M. Cowan of Dee Cee. Mrs. D. D. Eisenhower is honorary chairman . . . S/Sgt. James Monday was the happy honoree at a birthday party given for him recently by his wife. A former resident of Toledo, Sergeant Monday is now stationed at Walter's Air Field Base in Texas . . . and has been an Army man for twelve years. Some half a hundred guests enjoyed the elegant fete . . . with T/Sgt. and Mrs. Gordon Chambers of Tampa, Fla., as special guests. Mrs. Monday gifted the sergeant with, among other things, gold and platinum diamond cuff links. Addenda . . . St. Petersburg and Tampa Links plot a formal deb's ball for Dec. 26 in St. Petersburg . . . and Buffalo, N. Y., AKAs plan a ditto affair, writes chic Edna Seay . . . Mr. and Mrs. Arthur J. Clements Jr. of Charleston, S. C., enjoyed tremendously a luncheon date with Judge and Mrs. J. Waites Waring during their recent New York City trip. At a recent NAACP meeting in Charleston, Mr. Clement said that the judge continues his keen interest in current events regarding the Negro . . . Atty. and Mrs. Harold A Jackson proudly announce the birth of Harold A. II, at the Tampa Hospital in Florida. He was a November-first baby . . . which makes Cleveland Haynes of Charleston a happy granddad. He's the father of Mrs. Jackson. Letty M. Shaw of Pittsburgh will welcome her mother for the holidays . . . and a brother and a sister. Mrs. Julia Baum Shaw, currently doing post-graduate work at Columbia University, will bring son Julius, youngest member of the Saw family of South Carolina . . . and Theresa Shaw, Letty's youngest sister, will come from home . . . Chicago's Clarence Raymond Williams celebrated another birthday Dec. 11 . . . Mary McCritty Fiske of Monrovia, Liberia, consultant to the Liberian delegation at the UN, spoke in Bradenton, Fla., last Wednesday night . . . at Mount Pleasant Methodist Church, where the Rev. C. A. Johnson is pastor. Minnie L. Rogers was in charge. Here's the recipe for English trifle which we promised to give you a pair of weeks ago. Mabel Mercer, the By-Line Room thrush, gave it to us . . . you try it at your own risk. You take a pound cake, preferably one baked in a pan with a whole in the middle. Slice it and then spread raspberry jam on it and arrange in layers. Pour port wine to taste over it. Make three packages of vanilla pudding into custard and pour most of it all over the cake. Let it soak in and then chill. Grate orange peel into what's left of the custard . . . top the cake with ground nuts . . . and then pour the rest of the custard over the whole thing. Thelma Estill of Kalamazoo, Mich., brilliant young musician, was one of two soloists when the city's Junior Symphony Orchestra gave its concert recently. She's the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Don Vincent Estill . . . We got the wrong information last week re the Alpha confab . . . Dr. Rufus Clement of Atlanta U. will receive the fraternity's award . . . We hated to miss the banquet given for the Hon. Thurgood Marshall last Wednesday night in New York . . . where the Hotel Taft was the scene of the gala affair given by a group of Calvert men . . . headed by Joe Makel. Hated, we don't have to wait for the President and the rest of the world dignitaries to proclaim a globe-circling peace. We can start right now in our own backyards and learn how to work at peace, and good will. We can begin with our own families and, as of right now, do some good work on letting peace come into the family circle. We can start closing our eyes to the hundreds of minor annoyances which in the past have confused us and made us sharp-tongued and unruly to those nearest and dearest to us. Why prattle about "peace on earth" and forget our own small patch of ground? Why yackety-yack about "good will to men" and forget men and women and children who belong to us? Let's start our world-wide observance of peace by bringing some of it into our own homes. And if we do, we'll find that a lot of it will overflow into the streets . . . into the homes close by . . . and into our work-a-day world. There's no point in praying for world peace when there is so much conflict right in our immediate midst. We can't correct a top-layer situation without beginning at the bottom and working up. Let's make this wonderful season the best yet by really working at the peace and good will. Horizon Socializing . . . Most fabulous of all Christmas Cotillions for Philadelphia will be this year's . . . when Dr. Eugene Wayman Jones takes off from the highest mountain top of imagination to present the ballet fantasy, "King of Dreams." There will be 600 in the cast . . . diplomats representing a dozen foreign nations will attend the pre-Cotillion party . . . where charming hostesses in their flowing gowns (all feminine participants, hear tell, will wear gorgeous ball gowns, floor-length, and long white kid gloves, which are so chi-chi) will greet the honored few who received bids. A dramatic guest list of socialites from all along the Eastern Seaboard will be on hand . . . and, of course, proceeds will go to the development of Heritage House," which opens on Jan. 29 . . . and to the legal defense fund of the NAACP. Judge Herbert E. Millen is president of the Cotillion Society . . . Bertram A. Levy is associate director . . . and Gene Jones, executive director. Dr. Mary Church Terrell, one of the most magnificent women ever to trod the paths of life . . . whose daring in the face of great odds . . . those which faced all women in her youth . . . when men thought women should be neither seen nor heard except in the fastness of the home . . . will receive the Diamond Cross of Malta. God gave her good health and long life so that she might complete many fine acts in the name of our men and women . . . As we have said before, and we say again, we bow to Philadelphia . . . the town where so many wonderful things take place. Yes, we'll be there for the Cotillion. Lillian Evanti, the actress-singer, whose charm and beauty add much to her portrayal via the music route, various operatic roles . . . sang last Sunday for the Peeler Benevolent Fund, Inc., in Washington . . . which was organized to build a rest home for the aged at the Church of God. Her accompanist was the talented Yvonne Hobson . . . Detroit's wide-eyed and delightful Louise Taylor became a bride a fortnight ago and chose for her mate Dr. Oscar DeShields, a newcomer to the Motor City. One of the most charming of the young married set, Louise is currently being feted like made by her pals. Spangled Items . . . Our first Christmas card came from Philadelphia's Mrs. Alice Smith . . . and the latest one to arrive from Dee Cee and the Irving Barnes family, on tour with "Porgy and Bess." Irving, Kathleen and tiny daughter, Gail, are all in the show . . . and have traveled to Europe and back and are now playing at the National Theatre in the Capital. It's wonderful getting cards from old friends everywhere . . . and even though we didn't send any this year . . . we appreciate like mad your thoughtfulness. Guichard Parris, Urban League conference secretary, in Pittsburgh often now because of plans for September's confab here at the Fort Pitt . . . Shirley Davis Carroll of Philadelphia plans to spend the holidays with Dr. and Mrs. W. G. Nichols of Charleston, S. C. The lovely Miss C., the daughter of insurance executive W. T. Carroll, is a Penn State University student. Home in Pittsburgh for the holiday season, Fish student Shrylyne Dudley . . . Michigan State U.'s Jeanine Henry . . . Boston University's Paquita Harris . . . Bennet College's Marcia Nickens . . . Northwestern U.'s Phyllis Garland . . . all primed for a gala time. Holidaying with Jeanine, daughter of the Jim Henrys, will resident of Toledo, Sergeant Monday is now stationed at Walter's Air Field Base in Texas . . . and has been an Army man for twelve years. Some half a hundred guests enjoyed the elegant fete . . . with T/Sgt. and Mrs. Gordon Chambers of Tampa, Fla., as special guests. Mrs. Monday gifted the sergeant with, among other things, gold and platinum diamond cuff links. Addenda . . . St. Petersburg and Tampa Links plot a formal deb's ball for Dec. 26 in St. Petersburg . . . and Buffalo, N. Y., AKAs plan a ditto affair, writes chic Edna Seay . . . Mr. and Mrs. Arthur J. Clements Jr. of Charleston, S. C., enjoyed tremendously a luncheon date with Judge and Mrs. J. Waites Waring during their recent New York City trip. At a recent NAACP meeting in Charleston, Mr. Clement said that the judge continues his keen interest in current events regarding the Negro . . . Atty. and Mrs. Harold A Jackson proudly announce the birth of Harold A. II, at the Tampa Hospital in Florida. He was a November-first baby . . . which makes Cleveland Haynes of Charleston a happy granddad. He's the father of Mrs. Jackson. Letty M. Shaw of Pittsburgh will welcome her mother for the holidays . . . and a brother and a sister. Mrs. Julia Baum Shaw, currently doing post-graduate work at Columbia University, will bring son Julius, youngest member of the Saw family of South Carolina . . . and Theresa Shaw, Letty's youngest sister, will come from home . . . Chicago's Clarence Raymond Williams celebrated another birthday Dec. 11 . . . Mary McCritty Fiske of Monrovia, Liberia, consultant to the Liberian delegation at the UN, spoke in Bradenton, Fla., last Wednesday night . . . at Mount Pleasant Methodist Church, where the Rev. C. A. Johnson is pastor. Minnie L. Rogers was in charge. Here's the recipe for English trifle which we promised to give you a pair of weeks ago. Mabel Mercer, the By-Line Room thrush, gave it to us . . . you try it at your own risk. You take a pound cake, preferably one baked in a pan with a whole in the middle. Slice it and then spread raspberry jam on it and arrange in layers. Pour port wine to taste over it. Make three packages of vanilla pudding into custard and pour most of it all over the cake. Let it soak in and then chill. Grate orange peel into what's left of the custard . . . top the cake with ground nuts . . . and then pour the rest of the custard over the whole thing. Thelma Estill of Kalamazoo, Mich., brilliant young musician, was one of two soloists when the city's Junior Symphony Orchestra gave its concert recently. She's the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Don Vincent Estill . . . We got the wrong information last week re the Alpha confab . . . Dr. Rufus Clement of Atlanta U. will receive the fraternity's award . . . We hated to miss the banquet given for the Hon. Thurgood Marshall last Wednesday night in New York . . . where the Hotel Taft was the scene of the gala affair given by a group of Calvert men . . . headed by Joe Makel. Hated, too, to miss meeting his wife, who has arrived from her home in Tennessee to take up residence in New York with hubby. Postscript . . . Notes . . . New York's Edward G. Perry is holidaying in his hometown, Jacksonville, Fla. . . . with the celebrated Lenora Lawson as his hostess. Lenora is also adding to her house-guest list, sloe-eyed charmer, Gerri Major of Gotham, top-flight society notes-taker for Jet. Ed is planning to attend the deb cotillion given by the fashionable Les Treize Amies . . . and will hope over to Miami and then settle down in Savannah, Ga., for a few days' stay with Mrs. Sylvander J. Trice and her sister, Mrs. Essie Monroe Edwards . . . Assistant superintendent of nurses at Harlem Hospital in New York, Birdie Brown, was graduated last week from the McAllister School of Embalming, which course she took under the GI Bill. Others who ware graduated were Wilhelmina Hampton, staff member of the psychiatric department of Bellevue Hospital . . . Alexander West, Henry James, Dennis Tudor and Roy Gilmore of Joplin, Mo. Of nostalgic interest to former Bean-towners, the news that the Women's Service Club, headed by our Mrs. Harriet Hall for the past twenty years. . . gave one of its good ole cabaret parties. Golly! do you remember? . . . and Ann Hawk, long-time worker for the club, chaired the successful affair . . . New York's Urban League Guild plotting the annual Beaux Arts Ball for Feb. 5 . . . and all across the nation, a rash of deb cotillion has broken out . . . which is all to the good. Because it gives youngsters something to aim at as they come up the ladder of the years. Connecticut Girl Friends give theirs Dec. 26 in New Haven's Hotel Taff . . . with Mrs. ictor Bolore as chairman. homes close by . . . and into our work-a-day world. There's no point in praying for world peace when there is so much conflict right in our immediate midst. We can't correct a top-layer situation without beginning at the bottom and working up. Let's make this wonderful season the best yet by really working at the peace and good will. Horizon Socializing . . . Most fabulous of all Christmas Cotillions for Philadelphia will be this year's . . . when Dr. Eugene Wayman Jones takes off from the highest mountain top of imagination to present the ballet fantasy, "King of Dreams." There will be a 600 in the cast . . . diplomats representing a dozen foreign nations will attend the pre-Cotillion party . . . where charming hostesses in their flowing gowns (all feminine participants, hear tell, will wear gorgeous ball gowns, floor length, and long white kid gloves, which are so chi-chi) will greet the honored few who receive bids. A dramatic guest list of socialites from all along the Eastern Seaboard will be on hand . . . and, of course, proceeds will go to the development of Heritage House," which opens on Jan. 29 . . . and to the legal defense fund of the NAACP. Judge Herbert E. Millen is a president of the Cotillion Society . . . Bertram A. Levy is associate director . . . and Gene Jones, executive director. Dr. Mary Church Terrell, one of the most magnificent women ever to trod the paths of life . . . whose daring in the face of great odds . . . those which faced all women in her youth . . . when men thought women should be neither seen nor heard except in the fastness of the home . . . will receive the Diamond Cross of Malta. God gave her good health and long life so that she might complete many fine sets in the name of our men and women . . . As we have said before, and we say again, we bow to Philadelphia . . . the town where so many wonderful things take place. Yes, we'll be there for the Cotillion. Lillian Evanti, the actress-singer, whose charm and beauty add much to her portrayal via the music route, various operatic roles . . . sang last Sunday for the Peeler Benevolent Fund, Inc., in Washington . . . which was organized to build a rest home for the aged at the Church of God. Her accompanist was the talented Yvonne Hobson . . . Detroit's wide-eyed and delightful Louise Taylor became a bride a fortnight ago and chose for her mate Dr. Oscar DeShields, a newcomer to the Motor City. One of the most charming of the young married set, Louise is currently being feted like mad by her pals. Spangled Items . . . Our first Christmas card came from Philadelphia's Mrs. Alice Smith . . . and the latest one to arrive from Dee Cee and the Irving Barnes family, on tour with "Porgy and Bess." Irving, Kathleen and tiny daughter, Gail, are all in the show . . . and have traveled to Europe and back and are now playing at the National Theatre in the Capital. It's wonderful getting cards from old friends everywhere . . . and even though we didn't send any this year . . . we appreciate like mad your thoughtfulness. Gulchard Parris, Urban League conference secretary, in Pittsburgh often now because of plans for September's confab here at the Fort Pitt . . . Shirley Davis Carroll of Philadelphia plans to spend the holidays with Dr. and Mrs. W. G. Nichols of Charleston, S. C. The lovely Miss C., the daughter of insurance executive W. T. Carroll, is a Penn State University student. Home in Pittsburgh for the holiday season, Fisk student Shrylyne Dudley . . . Michigan State U.'s Jeanine Henry . . . Boston University's Paquita Harris . . . Bennet College's Marcia Nickens . . . Northwestern U.'s Phyllis Garland . . . all primed for a gala time. Holidaying with Jeanine, daughter of the Jim Henrys, will said that the judge continues his keen interest in current events regarding the Negro . . . Atty. and Mrs. Harold A. Jackson proudly announce the birth of Harold A. II, at the Tampa Hospital in Florida. He was a November-first baby . . . which makes Cleveland Haynes of Charleston a happy granddad. He's the father of Mrs. Jackson. Letty M. Shaw of Pittsburgh will welcome her mother for the holidays . . . and a brother and a sister. Mrs. Julia Baum Shaw, currently doing post-graduate work at Columbia University, will bring son Julius, youngest member of the Shaw family of South Carolina . . . and Theresa Shaw, Letty's youngest sister, will come from home . . . Chicago's Clarence Raymond Williams celebrated another birthday Dec. 11 . . . Mary McCritty Fiske of Monrovia, Liberia, consultant to the Liberian delegation at the UN, spoke in Bradenton, Fla., last Wednesday night . . . at Mount Pleasant Methodist Church, where the Rev. C. A. Johnson is pastor. Minnie L. Rogers was in charge. Here's the recipe for English trifle which we promised to give you a pair of weeks ago. Mabel Mercer, the By-Lime Room thrush, gave it to us . . . you try it at your own risk. You take a pound cake, preferably one baked in a pan with a whole in the middle. Slice it and then spread raspberry jam on it and arrange in layers. Pour port wine to taste over it. Make three packages of vanilla pudding into custard and pour most of it all over the cake. Let it soak in and then chill. Grate orange peel into what's left of the custard . . . top the cake with ground nuts . . . and then pour the rest of the custard over the whole thing. Thelma Estill of Kalamazoo, Mich., brilliant young musician, was one of two soloists when the city's Junior Symphony Orchestra gave its concert recently. She's the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Don Vincent Estill . . . We got the wrong information last week re the Alpha confab . . . Dr. Rufus Clement of Atlanta U. will receive the fraternity's award . . . We hated to miss the banquet given for the Hon. Thurgood Marshall last Wednesday night in New York . . . where the Hotel Taft was the scene of the gala affair given by a group of Calvert men . . . headed by Joe Makel. Hated, too, to miss meeting his wife, who has arrived from her home in Tennessee to take up residence in New York with hubby. Postscript . . . Notes . . . New York's Edward G. Perry is holidaying in his hometown, Jacksonville, Fla. . . . with the celebrated Lenora Lawson as his hostess. Lenora is also adding to her houseguest list, sloe-eyed charmer, Gerri Major of Gotham, top-flight society notes-taker for jet. Ed is planning to attend the deb cotillion given by the fashionable Les Treize Amies . . . and will hop over to Miami and then settle down in Savannah, Ga., for a few days' stay with Mrs. Sylvander J. Trice and her sister, Mrs. Essie Monroe Edwards . . . Assistant superintendent of nurses at Harlem Hospital in New York, Birdie Brown, was graduated last week from the McAllister School of Embalming, which course she took under the GI Bill. Others who ware graduated were Wilhelmina Hampton, staff member of the psychiatric department of Bellevue Hospital . . . Alexander West, Henry James, Dennis Tudor and Roy Gilmore of Joplin, Mo. Of nostalgic interest to former Beantowners, the news that the Women's Service Club, headed by our Mrs. Harriet Hall for the past twenty years. . . gave one of its good ole cabaret parties. Golly! do you remember? . . . and Ann Hawk, long-time worker for the club, chaired the successful affair . . . New York's Urban League Guild plotting its annual Beaux Arts Ball for Feb. 5 . . . and all across the nation, a rash of deb cotillions has broken out . . . which is all to the good. Because it gives youngsters something to aim at as they come up the ladder of the years. Connecticut Girl Friends give theirs Dec. 26 in new Haven's Hotel Taff . . . with Mrs. ictor Bolore as chairman. Afro, Oct. 3, 1953 Pearlie's Prattle by Pearlie Cox Society - wise, fashion - wise, business-wise and crowd-wise, the AFRO-AMERICAN'S Cooking School was last week's biggest show. Top Washingtonians dropped whatever they were doing and rushed to Uline Arena to see the goings-on. John B. Duncan, recorder of deeds; Judge James A. Cobb, Belford V. Lawson, attorney; Insurance Executive George A. Fleming, Dr. Edward C. Mazique were among them. Mrs. Lydia J. Rogers, acting head of the home economics department of Howard University, grabbed a peep, as did other teachers in that department including cute Marianna Beck Sewell and Louise Sewell. Miss Delores Pinkston, new physical education teacher at Howard, looking much like a school girl herself, and lovely Rosa Lee Parks, secretary to J. W. Mitchell, extension service, U.S. Department of Agriculture and her Ma, Mrs. May, were about. Seen looking on too, were two members of the Capital's grand 5-sister-teacher team, Mrs. Dorothy Shaed Proctor and Miss Ernestine Shaed, the latter a Saturday night prize-winner. Mrs. Carl Murphy, wife of the president of the AFRO-AMERICAN Newspaper chain, came over from Baltimore to pour tea at a reception for the distributors. The event took place at Delta Sigma Theta Sorority's charming house, 1814 M st., nw. And Miss Patricia Roberts, pretty girl in charge of the house, and her assistant, Mrs. Letitia Kirtley, were among those greeting the guests. Fashion-wise, there was the actress, Hilda Simms, picture-pretty in melon net, rhinestone-sprinkled, and flower-decked, serving as maid of honor at the School's big Sherrod-Hunter wedding. There was Joe Louis, smartly suited, giving the bride away. There were also Kitty L. Byars, modeling a cocktail gown, Mary Alice Levells, Jean Edwards and Charm-Exponent Loretta Holmes, showing high-styled coats. Business-wise, there was slim Ida Smith, daughter of Dr. Carl Murphy, and advertising manager of the Washington AFRO-AMERICAN, proving a human dynamo. Her little red hat, worn with a plain blouse and skirt, topped a head held high, because that head was chockful of business know-how! Crowd-wise, there were the 20,000 of show-going folks that jammed the Uline Arena, Mrs. Bettie Wilson arriving at 8 a.m. Friday so's to be No. 1 when the School's doors opened at noon. Yes, by the time the AFRO-AMERICAN Cooking School was over, employees were tired, my, my! But, just the same the staff was so proud of little Mrs. Smith's success with the AFRO-AMERICAN's 1953 Cooking School they crowded her desk with red, red, roses! As for me, I was lucky twice. Got a ride in the Cadillac that went to pick up Hilda Simms at 11 a.m. Friday. She cut the wide red ribbon, you know, that opened the Cooking School's doors. The car, a beige convertible, was loaned by Miss Evelyn Penny, Al Sweeney, the AFRO's "Rambling Reporter" drove the eye-catching thing and Ed Smith, "Worse Half" of the AFRO's Mrs. Ida Smith, went along to offer an arm when Hilda stepped into or out of the car. Pvt. Glenn L. Edmondson served as police escort both to and from the train, and I was there bearing a pen. My second bit of luck was a chance to "showoff" in a purple, satin-trimmed crepe from Universal City. Courtesy, Lincoln U. Brand Such hospitality Liberians received from President Horace Mann Bond and the staff of Lincoln University! The occasion was the centennial celebration of the school. And among the features was the conferring of the honorary degree of doctor of laws on His Excellency, Ambassador Clarence L. Simpson of Liberia. Well, everybody at the Embassy wanted to be on hand when Mr. Simpson was honored. So when 'twas time to start the jaunt to the Philadelphia school, a regular caravan had formed. Anyhow, a police escort State troopers, and the like, got the group to Lincoln University on time. In addition to honoring Ambassador Simpson, President Bond, not only showed the Embassy folks through the school, but served 'em supper at his home. Accompanying Mr. Simpson to Lincoln University were Wilmot David, counselor at the Liberian Embassy, and Mrs. David; K.J. Adorkor, traveling auditor for the Liberian Government; David M. Thomas, cultural attache; Otto Schaler, public relations officer for the Embassy, Frank Stewart, acting financial attache; J.S.O. Coleman, first secretary; Reid Wiles, second secretary; Mrs. Rosemary Neusom, secretary to Ambassador Simpson; and Miss Indya J. Watkins, member of the new "D.C. Friends of Liberia" club. TALL GIRLS MODEL The "Tall Girls," a group of lovelies with extra inches 'twixt head and toe, showed extra charm as they received at a cocktail party, Sunday last, at Kappa House. Organized only a brief while ago, the Tall Girls with their graceful appearance, their flair for fashion and their cordial manners, have already acquired an interesting following. Thomsena Williams, Washington designer, heads the group. And her dress, white nylon, handpainted in gold, and worn over rose taffeta, was her own creation. Barbara Starks, vice president, was smart in champagne taffeta. Secretaries Eloise Lyons and Mary Thally wore black velvet-topped red net, and un-adorned black, respectively. Christine Mitchell was stunning in gray-blue silk. Yvonne Anderson was a radiant lady in rose, while Lucille Johnson glowed in deep melon. Also a dashing member of the group is Sylvia Mathews. Among the guests none looked lovelier than Doreen Robinson, in white net and glitter-sprinkled lace. with Miss Doreen, a well-known Washington model, was her husband, James R. Robinson. Miss Elizabeth Triplett highlighted her black and white checked taffeta with a cunning red hat. Miss Janet Joice, popular member of the Dejemmehets, wore slim, slim black, gleaming white beads accenting the bustline and rhinestone sprays decking her ears. Dr. and Mrs. Fletcher Barber were there-fresh from a summer's stay in their attractive Atlantic City home, the winsome Mrs. in full white net, overdraped with black lace. Also on hand were Mr. and Mrs. Leroy Femister, the vivacious Ethel in orchid taffeta, sequin-trimmed. "Mr. Kappa, " Dr. W. Henry Greene, was out of town but his wife, smart in pink; pearl- trimmed dress, smiled a welcome to Kappa House. Mrs. Sadie Mitchell was pretty in pale blue taffeta, pink posies for trim. With her was husband Ernest. Mrs. Minnie Paynter, a-glitter from neckline to hem, her gown, gleaming white sequins. The Leon Williamses were there, she ever so attractive in rich white lace. Baltimore's Miss Vera Cole was an eye-arrester in black, pearls, rhinestones, an orchid all adding glamour. Mrs. Antoinette Gardner wore champagne-hued satin, pearl and sequin-trimmed. Dancer attracting most attention, the popular Trudie Cheltenham, her gun metal taffeta dress being pencil slim, but cleverly draped, plus buttons and floating side panel. Also - seen here and there were Otis Boswell, father of Tall Girl Eloise Lyons; Yves Auguste and Carrie Pierre of the Haitian Embassy, Dr. Luber, 23. But if you think anybody's forgotten the fact just step into Tom Parks' office and [?] Walter White, executive secretary of the NAACP will give the main address, Judge William H. Hastie, of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, and former Governor of the Virgin Islands, will come from Philadelphia to honor Dr. Terrell. Madam Lillian Evanti, internationally known opera soprano will sing. Much of the world today is well-acquainted with Mary. Far away, indeed almost to Mars, must be the town that has never heard of Dr. Terrell and her many accomplishments. This poor scribe would never attempt to list her good deeds. "Twould take all the space in this page, of course. Anyhow, pick up your ticket quick, and be ready at half past 12 to lunch with the much-loved Mary. By PEARLIE COX Society - wise, fashion - wise, business-wise and crowd-wise the AFRO-AMERICAN'S Cooking School was last week's biggest show. Top Washingtonians dropped whatever they were doing and rushed to Uline Arena to see the goings-on. Jonn B. Duncn, recorder of deeds; Judge James A. Cobb, Belford V. Lawson, attorney; Insurance Executive George A. Fleming, Dr. Edward C. Mazique were among them. Mrs. Lydia J. Rogers, acting head of the home economics department of Howard University, grabbed a peep, as did other teachers in that department includinng cute Marianna Beck Sewell and Louise Sewell. Miss Delores Pinkston, new physical education teacher at Howard, looking much like a school girl herself, and lovely Rosa Lee Parks, secretary to J. W. Mitchell, extension service, U.S. Department of Agriculture and her Ma, Mrs. May, were about. Seen looking on too, were two members of the Capital's grand 5-sister-teacher team, Mrs. Dorothy Shaed Proctor and Miss Ernestine Shaed, the latter a Saturday night prize-winner. Mrs. Carl Murphy, wife of the president of the AFRO-AMERICAN Newspaper chain, came over from Baltimore to pour tea at a reception for the distributors. The event took place at Delta Sigma Theta Sorority's charming house, 1814 M st., nw. And Miss Patricia Roberts, pretty girl in charge of the house, and her assistant, Mrs. Letitia Kirtley, were among those greeting the guests. Fashion-wise, there was the actress, Hilda Simms, picture-pretty in melon net, rhinestone-sprinkled, and flower-decked, serving as maid of honor at the School's big Sherrod-Hunter wedding. There was Joe Louis, smartly suited, giving the bride away. There were also Kitty L. Byars, modeling a cocktail gown, Mary Alice Levella, Jean Edwards and Charm - Exponent Loretta Holmes, showing high-styled coats. Business-wise, there was slim Ida Smith, daughter of Dr. Carl Murphy, and advertising manager of the Washington AFRO-AMERICAN, proving a human dynamo. Her little red hat, worn AMERICAN Cooking School was over, employees were tired, my, my! But, just the same the staff was so proud of little Mrs. Smith's success with the AFRO-AMERICAN's 1953 Cooking School they crowded her desk with red, red roses! As for me, I was lucky twice. Got a ride in the Cadillac taht went to pick up Hilda Simms at 11 a.m. Friday. She cut the wide red ribbon, you know, that opened the Cooking School's doors. The car, a beige convertible, was loaned by Miss Evelyn Penny. Al Sweeney, the AFRO's "Rambling Reporter" drove the eye - catching thing, and Ed Smith, "Worse Half" of the AFRO's Mrs. Ida Smith, went along to offer an arm when Hilda stepped into or out of the car. Pvt. Glenn L. Edmondson served as police escort both to and from the train, and I was there bearing a pen. My second bit of luck was a chance to "showoff" in a purple, satin-trimmed crepe from Universal City. Courtesy, Lincoln U. Brand Such hospitality Liberians received from President Horace Mann Bond and the staff of Lincoln University! The occasion was the centennial celebration of the school. And among the fea- troopers, and the like, got the group to Lincoln University on time. In addition to honoring Ambassador Simpson, President Bond, not only showed the Embassy folks through the school, but served 'em supper at his home. Accompanying Mr. Simpson to Lincoln University were Wilmot David, counselor at the Liberian Embassy, and Mrs. David; K. J. Adorkor, traveling auditor for the Liberian Government; David M. Thomas, cultural attache; Otto Schaler, public relations officer for the Embassy; Frank Stewart, acting financial attache; J. S. O. Coleman, first secretary; Reid Wiles, second secretary; Mrs. Rosemary Neusom, secretary to Ambassador Simpson; and Miss Indya J. Watkins, member of tne new "D.C. Friends of Liberia" club. TALL GIRLS MODEL The "Tall Girls," a group of lovelies with extra inches 'twixt head an toe, showed extra charm as they received at a cocktail party, Sunday last, at Kappa House. Organized only a brief while ago, the Tall Girls with their graceful appearance, their flair for fashion and their cordial manners, have already acquired an interesting following. Thomsena Williams, Washington designer, heads tne group. And her dress, while nylon, handpainted in gold, and worn over rose taffeta, was her own creation. Barbara Starks, vice president, was smart in champagne taffeta. Secretaries Eloise Lyons and Mary Thally wore black velvet-topped red net, and un-adorned black, respectively. Christine Mitchell was stunning in gray-blue silk. Yvonne Anderson was a radiant lady in rose, while Lucille Johnson glowed in deep melon. Also a dashing member of the group is Sylvia Mathews. Among the guests none looked lovelier than Doreen Robinson in white net and glitter-sprinkled lace. With Miss Doreen, a well-known Washington model, was her husband. James R. Robinson Miss Elizabeth Triplett high-lighted her black and white checked taffeta with a cunning red hat. Miss Janet Joice, popular member of the Dejemmehets, wore slim, slim black, gleaming white beads accenting the bustline and rhinestones sprays decking her ears. Dr. and Mrs. Fletcher Barber were tnere--fresh from s summer's stay in their attractive Atlantic City home, the winsome Mrs. in full white net, over-draped with black lace. Also on hand were Mr. and Mrs. Leroy Femister, the vivacious Ethel in orchid taffeta, sequin-trimmed. "Mr. Kappa," Dr. W. Henry Greene, was out of town but his wife, smart in pink; pearl-trimmed dress, smiled a welcome to Kappa House. Mrs. Sadie Mitchell was pretty in pale blue taffeta, pink posies for trim. With her was husband Ernest. Mrs. Minnie Paynter, a-glitter from neckline to hem, her gown gleaming white sequins. The Leon Williamses were there, she ever so attractive in rich white lace. Baltimore's Miss Vera Cole was an eye-arrester in black, pearls, rhinestones, an orchid all adding glamour. Mrs. Antoinette Gardner wore champagne-hued satin, pearl and sequin-trimmed. Dancer attracting most attention, the popular Trudie Cheltenham, her gun metal taffeta dress being pencil slim, but cleverly draped, plus buttons and floating side panel. Also seen here and there were Otis Eloise Lyons; Yves Auguste and Carrie Pierre of the Haitian Embassy, Dr. Lucien Lecont, Radio man John Massie and Charles Lindsay. Furnishing the rhythm were the "Los Americanas," youthful group led by Malcolm Colbert. TALK OF THE TOWN Go to the market, the office, the shop, uptown, down, all around, the talk is "Mary's Birthday." (Dr. Mary Church Terrell). She was 90 years old Septem- tickets for Luncheon at the Statler Hotel! Walter White, executive secretary of the NAACP will give the main address. Judge William H. Hastie, of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, and former Governor of the Virgin Islands, will come from Philadelphia to honor Dr. Terrell. Madam Lillian Evanti, internationally known opera soprano will sing. Much of the world today is well-acquainted with Mary. Far away, indeed almost to Mars, must be the town that has never heard of Dr. Terrell and her many accomplishments. This poor scribe would never attempt to list her good deeds. 'Twould take all the space in this page, of course. Anyhow, pick up your ticket quick, and be ready at half past 12 to lunch with the much-loved Mary. (*Chicago Defender June 25, 1953*) 500 Hear Mrs. Terrell In Chicago More than 500 persons jammed the Crystal Room of the Sherman hotel in Chicago last Saturday afternoon for a luncheon honoring Mrs. Irene McCoy Gaines and to hear Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D. C. who was the principal speaker. The luncheon was given by the Chicago Council of Negro Organizations of which Henry W. McGee is the president. Mrs. Gaines, who is president emeritus of the association, was cited for 18 years of service to the organization and to the city, state, and nation. In addition, Mrs. Gaines is an ardent club and church worker. She is president of the National Association of Colored Women, an organization with branches in 44 states. She has had a long and distinguished career as a civic worker and has been honored by many organizations. She is the wife of Atty. Harris B. Gaines. The council of Negro Organizations, which is composed of 75 groups, presented her with a bronze placque commemorating her years of service. Mrs. Terrell received a tremendous ovation from the audience when she was introduced by Mrs. Mayme Williams, president of the Chicago Northern District Association. The grand old lady who will soon celebrate her 90th birthday is as alert and clear-minded as she was in her younger days and still has a keen zest for championing causes. She held the audiences spellbound as she described the Thompson restaurant fight in the Capital which she led and which recently resulted in a unanimous decision by the Supreme Court barring discrimination in Washington restaurants. (*Oct. 3, 1953) Say You Saw It In The AFRO Oldest Inhabitants hear POW G.H. Ford The Oldest Inhabitants, Inc., held their first meeting of the fall season Tuesday at the Odd Fellows Hall, with the President William D. Nixon, who recently returned from Haiti, presiding. Mr. Nixon, after telling of the incidents of his tour, gave an interesting account of the progress of the Committee on Anti-discrimination in the Nation's Capital, in its fight for equal opportunities for all people in the District of Columbia. He told of the program to be launched at the 90th birthday celebration of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, chairman, to be held at the Statler Hotel on October 9th. A letter from the committee sponsoring the dinner for Dr. C. Herbert Marshall, to be held October 29th in the Tropical Room of the Dunbar Hotel was received. The testimonial for former Commissioner F. Joseph Donohue was also highlighted, with the date for the affair yet to be announced. Cpl. George H. Ford, a returned POW from Korea, was the speaker of the evening, and he held the audience of 125 men, spellbound with the recital of the events leading to his capture and imprisonment in Korea. Significantly, he reported that "integration in the armed services of the United States is an established fact." He also praised the Army for its chaplain service, which embraces all three of the major faiths, and referred to the Army Chaplains, as "the best friends the G.I.'s have." MRS. TERRELL LAUDED FOR ANTI-BIAS FIGHT (*Boston Guardian, Oct. 17, 1953*) WASHINGTON, D. C. -- Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, civil rights champion, was honored with a dinner-meeting at the Hotel Statler here Saturday, October 10, her 90th birthday. The gathering of friends and of admirers vociferously applauded as speaker after speaker lauded her life-long activity in behalf of demorcacy. Walter White cited damaging instances of color prejudice in Washington and highly praised Mrs. Terrell for the distinguished role she played in ending segregation in the District of Columbia restaurants and hotels. Nothing the progress in human relations in the United States during the 90s years Mrs. Terrell has lived, White emphasized the need for a step-up in Anti-Jim Crow action. "Even as we pause today to pay tribute to one of the great champions of democracy, let us here highly resolve to step up the business of cleaning Augean stables of democracy which remain to be cleaned to the end that on the centennial of the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation by Abraham Lincoln we shall gather in this place again to pay tribute to Mrs. Terrell on her 100th birthday and be able to say that the job is finished." [*Courier May 1, 1954*] Fight for Rosa Ingram Mary Terrell Leads March To Georgia! DR. MARY CHURCH TERRELL ... will Georgia's "honor" be redeemed? Famed Crusader Continues Fight To Free Ingrams NEW YORK-"I'm going back to Georgia." With those words Dr. Mary Church Terrell, venerable civil rights crusader, announced that she will lead a national Mother's Day Crusade to free Mrs. Rosa Lee Ingram and her sons that will have its focal point on the steps of Georgia's State Capitol. Dr. Terrell said here last week, that on the steps of the Capitol, she "and those who go with me will invoke freedom for Rosa Lee Ingram and her sons. We will then go to Reidsville. Georgia State Prison, to be with Mrs. Ingram on Mother's Day. * * * "THE FOLLOWING day, May 10, I will once again appeal to the Governor of Georgia to redeem the honor of his state by freeing Rosa Lee Ingram and her sons. Finally, we will convene in a national conference in Atlanta." Dr. Terrell issued and invitation to "all women, colored and white" to join with her on those two days. Mrs. Ingram, and her two sons, Wallace and Sammie Lee, have served over six years of life sentences for defending Mrs. Ingram from the alleged attacks of a white sharecropper neighbor. -BIGGEST and the BEST- Chicago Defender June 25,1953 AT LUNCHEON OF Chicago Council of Negro Organizations honoring Mrs. Irene McCoy Gaines last Saturday in Crystal Room of Hotel Sherman, educators, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Lewis shared table with Mrs. Clata. Wilbert, Lewis is the principal of the Dan Williams Elementary school. Mrs. Lewis is principle of Wendell Phillips high school. SATURDAY, OCT. 17, 1953 COURIER W 9 Dr. Mary Church Terrell is Feted Handsomely on 90th Birthday FOR A GRAND LADY- Scenes at the elaborate luncheon given in the Presidential Room of the Hotel Statler, Washington, D.C., last Saturday, honoring Dr. Mary Church Terrell's ninetieth birthday. Top left photo, the committee which planned the gala event; seated, Mrs. Betty Hays, Mrs. LaUrsa Hedrick, secretary; Mrs. Geneva K. Valentin, general chairman; Mrs. Marion Jackson, Mrs. Hasel Jones. Standing, Dr. Millard Dean, Verdie Robinson, Mrs. Virginia McGuire, Ernest Eiland and Robert G. McGuire Jr., treasurer. Top right photo: attending the luncheon, among others were Mrs. Louella H. Goff, Mrs. Lettie Ellison and Mr. and Mrs. Minor Jackson, all of Virginia. Bottom, left photo: some of the distinguished platform guests included Judge William H. Hastie, Miss Dorothy I. Height, national president of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority; Max Raab of the White House; Mrs. Jane Morrow Spaulding, assistant to the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, and Dr. Martin Jenkins, president of Morgan College. Bottom right, the world reknowned guest of honor, Dr. Terrell, chats with Walter White, executive secretary of the NAACP who was guest speaker, and Eugene Davidson, president of the local branch of the Association. - Cabell Photos. PHILADELPHIA DAILY NEWS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1953 Fanciful ballet adds glitter to Cotillion By HARRY GLOVER (DAILY NEWS Staff Member) A glittering highlight of last night's Christmas Cotillion at Convention Hall was the fanciful ballet, "King of Dreams," presented by a huge company of Philadelphia talent co-ordinated by Leigh Parham. The ballet preceded the award of the Jeweled Cross of Malta to a little old lady named Dr. Mary Church Terrell, 90 years of age, for her "lifetime of unrelenting activity in behalf of Human Rights." It was Dr. Terrell who won widespread attention earlier this year by defying the segregation rule in the theaters of Washington, D. C., a practice said to be no longer in existence there. VIVID COSTUMING Spectacular is the word for "King of Dreams." Perhaps the most impressive feature of the presentation was its vivid costuming, with brilliant lavenders and golds, stunning robes and gay plumes. "King of Dreams" tells in dance and music of the command of the King that the sleep of capricious Queen Palete be filled with visions of the jewelled isles of the Carribbees. The brooding drums of Haiti are heard, and Ventoome, the mambo priestess invokes the Caribbean Dream Festival, and there appear such agitated characters as the Marmarah, the Dancers of the Mask, the Queen of Cats, the Black Panthers, the Elegant Tigers and the Pumas. The dream closes with the sensuous dance of the Latines. There appears suddenly the ebony form of Knightmayr, prince of evil. His motley court cavorts demoniacally, but in the end the evil Knightmayr is felled by the King's Marshal while men of the Philadelphia Orchestra play Stravinsky's "Kotchel's Dance" from "the Firebird." It's all very exciting in an undulating way, and if you don't believe some of the gals and fellas in those Caribbean numbers can work up an audience, you should have been around when one shrieking, squirming lass was flat on the boards, making like an eel wired for sound. Finally two husky bucks carried the frenzied dancer out of there. There was enough shoulder-shaking and hip-tossing to last well into the hot months. REAL PRO We want to single out for particular praise a buxom lass named Vivienne J. Certaine, who went through a sizzling routine to the steady beat of three conscientious drummers. Vivenne didn't have a shiver left by the time she was through. She's a real pro, as is Leigh Parham, who put a lot of presence and vitality into his role of Knightmayr. The part of the King of Dreams was played by Eugene deMiranda, a native of British Guiana now living in Philadelphia. In addition to Parham, others contributing to the choreography were Syndey King, Faye Peamon, Miss Certaine and Eleanor Harris. Besides the ballet, there were vocal numbers by Eloise Owen and a piano solo by Miss Cecile Roberts. "KING OF DREAMS," an original ballet-fantasy, featured Christmas Cotillion of Philadelphia Cotillion Society in Convention Hall last night. Here is a scene from the ballet. In group are the Rev. Thomas Logan, Sidney King, Brenda Gaymon, Gloria Mahone, Ralph Anderson and Doris Keith.--(Staff) Gay Yule Cotillion DIAMOND CROSS OF MALTA is presented to Dr. Mary Church Terrell, "defender of human rights," at Yule Cotillion of the Philadelphia Cotillion Society in Convention Hall. Left to right, at presentation, above, are Judge Herbert E. Millen, Dr. Terrell and Mrs. Robert L. Vann. [*Atlantic City Evening Union July 29, 1950*] N.A.C.W. Holds Parley Here The vanguard of an estimated [?]0 delegates to the 27th biennial convention of the National Association of Colored Women began arriving here this morning. Most of them come in on a special train from Chicago which arrived here at 10:15. During the day board meetings and committee meetings are being held at the convention headquarters in the Asbury Methodist Church. Among the early arrivals was Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D. C., first president of the Association and one of the leading women of her race in this country. Mrs. Terrell is now honorary president of the group and is the author of the book "A Colored Woman In a White World." Mrs. Terrell recently received a certificate for distinguished community service from the Washington, D. C., Chapter of Americans for Democratic Action. The award was presented by Miss Grace Tully, secretary to the late Franklin D. Roosevelt. WBAB Broadcasts Message The delegates will be entertained at a reception and get-together tonight and tomorrow morning will attend service at the Union Baptist Temple. The service will be preceded by a message from the president, Mrs. Ella P. Stewart, of Toledo, Ohio, which will also be broadcast over Station WBAB. Formal convention sessions begin tomorrow afternoon at 3 o'clock at the Atlantic City High School. Governor Alfred E. Driscoll and City Commissioner Philip E. Gravatt are scheduled to extend welcomes to the group at this meeting. Sessions will continue through next Friday and will include election and installation of officers. Reprinted Free NEW YORK TEACHER NEWS January 16, 1954 Page 1 NEGRO HISTORY WEEK THIS SPECIAL SECTION, dedicated to Negro History Week, celebrated during the week of Lincoln's Birthday, was prepared from material submitted by the Anti-Discrimination Committee of the Teachers Union. Additional copies of this issue may be obtained in quantity gratis from the Teachers Union, 206 West 15 St., N. Y. 11. Let America Be America Again --by Langston Hughes (Excerpts) Let America be America again. Let it be the dream it used to be, Let it be the pioneer on the plain Seeking a home where he himself is free. (America never was America to me.) Let America be the dream that dreamers dreamed-- Let it be that great strong land of love Where never kings connive nor tyrants scheme That any man be crushed by one above. (It never was America to me.) O, let my land be a land where Liberty Is crowned with no false patriotic wreath, But opportunity is real, and life is free, Equality is in the air we breathe. (There's never been equality for me, Nor freedom in this "homeland of the free.") Yet I'm the one who dreamt our basic dream In that Old World while till a serf of kings, Who dreamt a dream so strong, so brave, so true, That even yet its might daring sings In ever brick and stone, in every furrow turned That's made American the land it has become. O, I'm the man who sailed those early seas In search of what I meant to be my home-- For I'm the one who left dark Ireland's shore, And Poland's plain, and England's grassy lea, And torn from Black Africa's strand I came To build a "homeland of the free." O, let America be America again-- The land that never has been yet-- And yet must--the land where every man is free. The land that's mine--the poor man's, Indian's, Negro's, ME-- Who made America. Whose sweat and blood, whose faith and pain, Whose hand at the foundry, whose plow in the rain, Must bring our mighty dream again. Sure, call me any ugly name you choose-- The steel of freedom does not stain . . . What's Your Negro History Quotient? Part 1--Famous in Negro History--Matching 1. Countee Cullen 2. Ralph Bunche 3. James Weldon Johnson 4. Hannibal 5. Benjamin Banneker 6. William Grant Still 7. Frederick Douglass 8 Harriet Tubman 9. Walter White 10. R. E. R. DuBois a. one of America's leading composers b. one of the greatest military leaders of all time c. writer of beautiful lyric poetry; member of the Teachers Union until his death in 1946. d. Co-founder of the NAACP; greatest Negro scholar of our time. e. Executive Secretary of NAACP. --In Review-- THE NEGRO IN THE CIVIL WAR, By Benjamin Quarles, Little, Brown. This is the story of the tremendous part played by the Negro in the Civil War; as soldiers and sailors, as scouts and spies, as military workers and nurses, as agitators for equality and educator of their fellow freedmen. The author is professor of history at Dillard University. It is extraordinary how historians and teachers have, in the main, ignored this important phase of the "irrepressible conflict" which is such a great theme in American historical study and literature. By this neglect they have helped perpetuate the stereotype of the Negro as docile slave and helpless free man. At the beginning of the war the three and a half million slaves made few overt moves to free themselves. The South was an armed camp and official Union policy was to suppress a rebellion and to reunite the country under a Constitution which sanctioned slavery. The deeper issue of the war had not yet come to the fore. In the course of the war, however, as the Union armies advanced, they were greeted by floods of slaves trying to enter their lines. The obvious value of escaped slaves made inevitable their eventual acceptance as "contraband" into the Union territory and their use as military workers for construction, spies, transport, etc. Step by step, haltingly and hesitatingly, impelled by military needs, and the constant pressure of the Abolitionists of the North the Administration moved toward [???] The Struggle for Integration --By Lucile Spence Secretary of the Teachers Union For many years, in preparation for the celebration of Negro History Week, the Teachers Union has made available teaching materials and devoted space in TEACHERS NEWS to aid teachers in the inclusion of Negro history in their work in New York City schools. We have been constantly aided and inspired by the National Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. There, before writing this article, I went to their Bulletin to find that, in keeping with the struggle led by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People to eliminate segregated schools by their cases before the US Supreme Court, the theme for this year's Negro History Week is integration. Does this have any meaning for us? Don't we have integration in New York? While reading a newspaper published in the local Negro community, I was impressed by an indignant letter in answer to an article on our local schools in the paper. The writer praised the schools of Georgia because he felt that Negro youngsters could not go through them without a knowledge of, and pride in, their past. He pointed up his statement by indicating that there was a separate compulsory course n Negro History in the Negro high schools of the state. He demanded of the editor to show what New York City did to give similar price and hope. This letter, I think, lays bare the crux of our long struggle. Our struggle has been not to get separate courses or to have one Negro History Week, but to get the placing of the history and contributions of the Negro in every level of social studies, literature and science wherever it naturally comes. We want this written into our courses of study for all the children of our city--to engender pride for the Negro child and appreciation for the white child. Articles in Board publications High Points and Curriculum Materials indicate a slow realization of this ever-present aim. At the same time school officials of our city have not eliminated from many textbooks bias and bigotry against the Negro people, although the Union has on many occasions brought to their attention the damaging examples of such material. They have failed actively to develop a program whereby the percentage of Negro teachers might approximate the percentage of Negro population. They have apparently made little effort consciously to send Negro teachers into white areas so that these children too might develop appreciation for this important group of our population. Until all these broader aims are achieved (within, of course, the context of full integration in the entire life of our city) we teachers of New York will not be able to face the indignant writer of the letter about segregated Georgia schools with pride in our integration. Negroes of the Year Dr. Mary Church Terrell--lifetime fighter for human rights, whose efforts brought about outlawing of Jim-Crow in Washington, D.C. restaurants. Dr. Rufus Clement--President of Atlanta University, elected to Atlanta, Georgia, School Board--first Negro since Reconstruction Days to win a city-wide election. [??] County Chapter. Jones Kenyatta--president of Kenya African Union--sentenced to seven years in jail for ant-imperialist activity. Author of "Facing Mt. Kenya." Albert John Luthuli--president of African National Congress, a former chieftain removed from his position by the South African [??} [*p. 4--photo*] Let America be the dream that dreamers dreamed -- Let it be that great strong land of love Where never kings connive nor tyrants scheme That any man be crushed by one above. (It never was America to me.) O, let my land be a land where Liberty Is crowned with no false patriotic wreath, But opportunity is real, and life is free, Equality is in the air we breathe. (There's never been equality for me, Nor freedom in this "homeland of the free.") * * * Yet I'm the one who dreamt our basic dream In that Old World while still a serf of kings, Who dreamt a dream so strong, so brave, so true, That even yet its mighty daring sings In every brick and stone, in every furrow turned That's made America the land it has become. O, I'm the man who sailed those early seas In search of what I meant to be my home -- For I'm the one who left dark Ireland's shore, And Poland's plain, and England's grassy lea, And torn from Black Africa's strand I came To build a "homeland of the free." * * * O, let America be America again -- The land that never has been yet -- And yet must be -- the land where every man is free. The land that's mine -- the poor man's, Indian's, Negro's, ME -- Who made America. Where sweat and blood, whose faith and pain, Whose hand at the foundry, whose plan in the rain, Must bring our mighty dream again. Sure, call me any ugly name you choose -- The steel of freedom does not stain ... What's Your Negro History Quotient? Part I -- Famous in Negro History -- Matching 1. Countee Cullen 6. William Grant Still 2. Ralph Bunche 7. Frederick Douglass 3. James Weldon Johnson 8. Harriet Tubman 4. Hannibal 9. Walter White 5. Benjamin Banneker 10. W. E. R. DuBois a. one of America's leading composers b. one of the greatest military leaders of all time c. writer of beautiful lyric poetry; member of the Teachers Union until his death in 1946. d. Co-founder of the NAACP; greatest Negro scholar of our time e. Executive Secretary of NAACP f. outstanding "conductor" of the Underground Railway; scout, nurse in the Civil War g. 18th century inventor, astronomer, writer of almanac, one of the planners of Washington, D. C. h. head of trusteeship division of the UN i. journalist, writer, orator, leader in the Abolitionist movement j. leading literary figure in Negro renaissance; sec. of NAACP, author of "Lift Every Voice" ANSWERS: 1--c; 2--h; 3--j; 4--b; 5--g; 6--a; 7--i; 8--f; 9--e; 10--d PART II 1. Who was the father of Negro History Week? 2. Who was the first Negro US Senator? 3. What Negro distinguished himself at the battle of Bunker Hill? 4. What Negro republic is celebrating its sesquicentennial this year? 5. Who led a slave revolt in Virginia in 1831? 6. What Negro musician has become a leading conductor in U.S. and Europe? 7. What Negro, famous as a singer, actor, and All-American football star, has been devoting himself to the fight for equality of the Negroes? 8. Who is the outstandingly beautiful Negro queen mentioned in the Bible? 9. Which Negro organization, which just had its third annual convention, is dedicated to the abolition of discrimination in employment? 10. Who held three world prime-fighting championships at the same time, and is considered by many the greatest fighter of all time? ANSWERS TO PART II 1. Carter G Woodson; 2. Hiram K. Revels; 3. Peter Salem; 4. Haiti; 5. Nat Turner; 6. Dean Dixon; 7. Paul Robeson; 8. Queen of Sheba; 9. National Negro Labor Council; 10. Henry Armstrong. quantity gratis from the Teachers Union, 206 West 15 St., N. Y. 11. -- In Review -- THE NEGRO IN THE CIVIL WAR, by Benjamin Quarles, Little, Brown. This is the story of the tremendous part played by the Negro in the Civil War; as soldiers and sailors, as scouts and spies, as military workers and nurses, as agitators for equality and educators of their fellow freedmen. The author is professor of history at Dillard University. It is extraordinary how historians and teachers have, in the main, ignored this important phase of the "irrepressible conflict" which is such a great theme in American historical study and literature. By this neglect they have helped perpetuate the stereotype of the Negro as docile slave and helpless free man. At the beginning of the war the three and a half million slaves made few overt moves to free themselves. The South was an armed camp and official Union policy was to suppress a rebellion and to reunite the country under a Constitution which sanctioned slavery. The deeper issue of the war had not yet come to the fore. In the course of the war, however, as the Union armies advanced, they were greeted by floods of slaves trying to enter their lines. The obvious value of escaped slaves made inevitable their eventual acceptance as "contraband" into the Union territory and their use as military workers for construction, spies, transport, etc. Step by step, haltingly and hesitatingly, impelled by military needs, and the constant pressure of the Abolitionists of the North the Administration moved toward granting the Negro freedom and acceptance as full-fledged soldiers. This culminated in the Emancipation Proclamation and the recruitment by 1865 into the armed forces of 180,000 Negro soldiers and 29, (Continued on Page 4) We have been [?] Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. Therefore, before writing this article, I went to their Bulletin to find that, in keeping with writing this article, I went to their Bulletin to find that, in keeping with the struggle led by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People to eliminate segregated schools by their cases before the US Supreme Court, the theme for this year's Negro History Week is integration. Does this have any meaning for us? Don't we have integration in New York? While reading a newspaper published in the local Negro community, I was impressed by an indignant letter in answer to an article on our local schools in the paper. The writer praised the schools of Georgia because he felt that Negro youngsters could not go through them without a knowledge of, and pride in, their past. He pointed up his statement by indicating that there was a separate compulsory course in Negro History in the Negro high schools of the state. He demanded of the editor to show what New York City did to give a similar pride and hope. This letter, I think, lays bare the crux of our long struggle. Our struggle has been not to get separate courses or to have one Negro History Week, but to get the placing of the history and contributions of the Negro in every level of social studies, literature and science wherever it naturally comes. We want this written into our courses of study for all the children of our city -- to engender pride for the Negro child and appreciation for the white child. Articles in Board publications High Points and Curriculum Materials indicate a slow realization of this ever-present aim. At the same time school officials of our city have not eliminated from many textbooks bias and bigotry against the Negro people, although the Union has on many occasions brought to their attention the damaging examples of such material. They have failed actively to develop a program whereby the percentage of Negro teachers might approximate the percentage of Negro population. They have apparently made little effort consciously to send Negro teachers into white areas so that these children too might develop appreciation for this important group of our population. Until all these broader aims are achieved (within of course, the context of full integration in the entire life of our city) we teachers of New York will not be able to face the indignant writer of the letter about segregated Georgia schools with pride in our integration. Negroes of the Year *Plse see also p. 4 - photo. Dr. Mary Church Terrell -- lifetime fighter for human rights, whose efforts brought about outlawing of Jim-Crow in Washington, D. C. restaurants. Dr. Rufus Clement -- President of Atlanta University, elected to Atlanta, Georgia, School Board -- first Negro since Reconstruction Days to win a city-wide election. Rev. Archibald Carey -- Chicago minister, lawyer, and alderman -- named first alternate delegate to the United Nations. Dr. Peter M. Murray -- became first Negro president of American Medical Association, New York County Chapter. Jomo Kenyatta -- president of Kenya African Union -- sentenced to seven years in jail for anti-imperialist activity. Author of "Facing Mt. Kenya." Albert John Luthuli -- president of African National Congress, a former chieftain removed from his position by the South African government. Thurgood Marshall, Chief NAACP counsel -- key figure presenting anti-segregation cases in the public schools in historic Supreme Court hearings. Layman Walker -- Recording Secretary of Briggs local, United Auto Workers -- elected President of National Negro Labor Council. Paul R. Williams -- Los Angeles architect -- awarded annual Spingarn Medal by N.A.A.C.P. Judge Lewis S. Flagg, Jr. -- after defeating the machine-backed candidate in the Democratic primaries, became the first Negro elected as judge in Brooklyn. Dr. E. B. Evans -- President of Prairie View Agricultural College of Texas, and John W. Mitchell, national leader of Negro extension work -- named 1953 "Men of the Year in Service to Agriculture," by the Progressive Farmer, a Southwide farm magazine. Hulan Jack -- first Negro elected borough president of Manhattan. William Marshall -- who plays the leading role in the weekly WOR-TV program "Harlem Detective." Lawyers for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., who prepared briefs and argued before the US Supreme Court on the school segregation cases. (Left to right) Louis L. Redding, Delaware case; Robert L. Carter, NAACP Assistant Special Counsel, Assistant Counsel NAACP Legal Defense, Topeka, Kansas case; Oliver W. Hill, Virginia case; Thurgood Marshall, NAACP Special Counsel, Director-Counsel NAACP Legal Defense, South Carolina case; Spottswood W. Robinson, III, Virginia case; Jack Greenberg, Assistant Counsel NAACP Legal Defense, Delaware case; James M. Nabrit, Jr., Washington case; George E. C. Hayes, Washington case. (Not in photograph: Harold Boulware, South Carolina case; Charles Scott, Topeka, Kansas case). [*See page 4, 1615 "S"*] [*Plse See also p.4- photo* *] Page 4 NEW YORK TEACHER NEWS January 16, 1954 TU Conducts Year-Round Drive to End Bias, Hire More Negro Teachers Convinced that the recognition of the rights and accomplishments of the Negro people should not be confined to programs conducted during one week of the year, the Teachers Union has consistently campaigned for the elimination of anti-Negro bias from school textbooks, the hiring of a greater number of Negro teachers and the assignment of such teachers to schools in areas throughout the city. Last October, TU President Abraham Lederman wrote to Supt. Jansen urging him to take steps "to distribute Negro teachers more evenly throughout the city's schools" so that pupils throughout the city might, by having a Negro teacher, "experience democracy in action in the very important area of race relations," A survey conducted by the Union early in 1952 had revealed that Negro teachers comprise only 2 1/2% of the entire school staff and only a half of 1% of the regularly employed high school staffs. The publication of the Union's findings, followed by a series of conferences between State Department of Education, stimulated great interest in the TU campaign. Pending the basic solution of the problem by the appointment of a larger number of Negro teachers, the Union recommended that conscious and organized steps be taken by Dr. Jansen's office to educate principals in white neighborhoods to the educational desirability of having Negro teachers in their schools, to encourage Negro substitutes to seek assignment in white neighborhoods, and to give special consideration to transfer requests from Negro teachers. Emphasizing the fact that another means of wiping out prejudices which might be held by school children is to provide pupils with textbooks which present an unbiased picture of minority groups, the Teachers Union has called attention to, and campaigned for the elimination of, anti-Negro statements and implications in books approved by the Board of Education. Now in preparation by the Union's Harlem Committee is a study of the treatment of Negroes and other minority groups in the basic readers used in the schools. Besides the special supplement to TEACHER NEWS issued annually in commemoration of Negro History Week, printed and mimeographed material and lists of books and pamphlets calling attention to the positive contributions of Negroes to American life have been prepared by the Committee Against Discrimination and made available to all teachers. The Union has been active, too, in a campaign to improve school conditions and reduce retardation in Harlem and Bedford-Stuyvesant schools. Taking cognizance of the fact that educational problems are more likely to develop in under- '53 Negro Champs Roy Campanella - Dodger catcher --voted National League's most valuable player, for the second time. He was also the recipient of a plaque from the N.A.A.C.P. and the Y.M.C.A. for outstanding contributions in human relations. Jim Gillian, Jr. - second baseman on the Dodgers--named National League rookie of the year by the Baseball Writers Association. Kid Gavilan - welterweight champion - won the Fighter of the Year designation. Mal Whitfield - "the flying tornado" made six track records during the year. Two of these records - the 880 and 1000 meters --are world records. J.C. Caroline of Columbia S.C. --All-American halfback of University of Illinois; broke record of Jim (Red) Grange. Forward Toward Equality The Civil Rights Front in 1953 saw important strides forward: * The Supreme Court heard argument on cases challenging segregation in education. * The NAACP, at its annual convention in St. Louis, set up a program to end segregation in all forms of American life, by January 1, 1963, the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation. * The stirring Third Annual Convention of the National Negro Labor Council, which set as its main goal for next year the breaking of Jim Crow on the railroads, recorded many gains in its fight for fair and equal employment. * The Brotherhoods of Railroad Trainmen and Railroad Carmen admitted their first Negro members. * Negroes entered Washington, D.C. theatres for the first time without discrimination. * The Defense Department set June, 1954, as the deadline for eliminating racial segregation in the Army, and the autumn of 1955 as the date for eliminating segregation in state-operated schools on military posts. * The New York Central, the Pennsylvania and the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroads and Railroad Brotherhoods "pledged full cooperation with the New York State Commission Against Discrimination to end discriminatory employment practices on the nation's railroads." The Pennsylvania Railroad has since hired its first Negro brakeman. * The Jefferson County Medical Society of Louisville, Kentucky, changed its by-laws to allow Negroes to become members, and admitted six Negro doctors. Two doctors were appointed instructors at the University of Louisville Medical School. * An end to discrimination and in the fight for Negro representation in government. In several parts of the country the Negro people, with the support of white voters elected Negroes to important offices. * The United Packing House Workers, at its national conference, launched a campaign to eliminate Jim-Crow in every phase of the packing industry, as well as within every segment of that union. Civil War . . . (Continued from Page 1) 000 sailors, who distinguished themselves by their heroism. Another fascinating phase of the war is the story of the efforts by the freedmen immediately on liberation to set up schools and to secure an education. Deserving of the highest praise is the unstinting and self-sacrificing work of the idealistic northern men and women, both Negro and white, who came South, raised money and helped set up the schools which later became the nucleus of the educational system of the South. "The Negro in the Civil War" can be an excellent source book for teachers and students of this period. Its careful scholarship should motivate the rewriting of our standard texts on this subject. Teachers should not hesitate to present teacher, "experience democracy in action in the very important area of race relations." A survey conducted by the Union early in 1952 had revealed that Negro teachers comprise only 2 1/2% of the entire school staff and only a half of 1% of the regularly employed high school staffs. The publication of the Union's findings, followed by a series of conferences between Union leaders and officials of the State Department of Education, stimulated great interest in the TU campaign. Pending the basic solution of the problem by the appointment of a larger number of Negro teachers, the Union recommended that conscious and organized steps be taken by Dr. Jansen's office to educate principals in white neighbor- hoods to the educational desirabil- other means of wiping out prejudices which might be held by school children is to provide pupils with textbooks which present an unbiased picture of minority groups, the Teachers Union has called attention to, and campaigned for the elimination of, anti-Negro statements and implications in books approved by the Board of Education. Now in preparation by the Union's Harlem Committee is a study of the treatment of Negroes and other minority groups in the basic readers used in the schools. Besides the special supplement to TEACHER NEWS issued annually in commemoration of Negro History Week, printed and mimeographed material and lists of books and pamphlets calling attention to the positive contributions of Negroes to American life have been prepared by the Committee Against Discrimination and made available to all teachers. The Union has been active, too, in a campaign to improve school conditions and reduce retardation in Harlem and Bedford-Stuyvesant schools. Taking cognizance of the fact that educational problems are more likely to develop in under-privileged areas, TU has urged the reduction of class size and the employment of additional teachers for special remedial work in these areas. Kid Gavilan - welterweight champion - won the Fighter of the Year designation. Mal Whitfield - "the flying tornado" - made six track records during the year. Two of these records - the 880 and 1000 meters - are world records. J. C. Caroline of Columbia, S. C. - All-American halfback of University of Illinois; broke record of Jim (Red) Grange. Dr. Mary Church Terrell, venerable educator who, at the age of ninety, still continues her fight for equality for her people. admitted their first Negro members. - Negroes entered Washington, D. C. theatres for the first time without discrimination. - The Defense Department set June, 1954, as the deadline for eliminating racial segregation in the Army, and the autumn of 1955 as the date for eliminating segregation in state-operated schools on military posts. - The New York Central, the Pennsylvania and the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroads and Railroad Brotherhoods "pledged full cooperation with the New York State Commission Against Discrimination to end discriminatory employment practices on the nation's railroads." The Pennsylvania Railroad has since hired its first Negro brakeman. - The Jefferson County Medical Society of Louisville, Kentucky, changed it by-laws to allow Negroes to become members, and admitted six Negro doctors. Two doctors were appointed instructors at the University of Louisville Medical School. - An end to discrimination and segregation in the churches under their supervision was ordered by the Archbishop of New Orleans and the bishop of the diocese of Raleigh, North Carolina. - Important gains were made - The United Packing House Workers, at its national conference, launched a campaign to eliminate Jim-Crow in every phase of the packing industry, as well as within every segment of that union. Civil War . . . (Continued from Page 1) 000 sailors, who distinguished themselves by their heroism. Another fascinating phase of the war is the story of the efforts by the freedmen immediately on liberation to set up schools and to secure an education. Deserving of the highest praise is the unstinting and self-sacrificing work of the idealistic northern men and women, both Negro and white, who came South, raised money and helped set up the schools which later became the nucleus of the educational system of the South. "The Negro in the Civil War" can be an excellent source book for teachers and students of this period. Its careful scholarship should motivate the rewriting of our standard texts on this subject. Teachers should not hesitate to present the authentic material which it presents. Our pupils should find out how the Negro fought to free himself. Some Facts About the Negro People 1. POPULATION: How many Negroes live in the US? Total population of U.S., 1950 - 150,697,361 Negro population of U.S., 1950 - 15,042,286 How is the Negro population distributed? 2/3 live in the South, where they constitute 22% of population 90% of all Negroes in the North live in cities. Almost half of these live in the 4 cities of New York, Chicago, Philadelphia and Detroit How many Negroes live in NYC? Total population, N.Y.C. 1950 - 7,861,957 Negro population, N.Y.C. 1950 - 775,529 The Negro population of the Negro area has increased almost 60% since 1940. 2. OCCUPATIONS: What is the main occupational distribution of Negro men? About 28% work on farms 20% work as unskilled laborers 30% work as skilled laborers Negro women who work 65% 10% 4% SERVICE MANUFAC- OFFICE & TURE SALES What is the main occupational distribution of Negro women? About 65% work in service occupations 10% work in manufacturing and trade 4% work in office workers or sales people How many Negroes are teachers? 133,000. They constitute the overwhelming majority of all Negro professionals. 113,000 of those are employed in the segregated schools of the South 3. EDUCATION: Do Negroes have the same educational facilities as whites? 17 states and the District of Columbia enforce segregated schools 2 additional states allow them In states with segregated schools, what is proportional expenditure for education of Negro and white children? In 1950, the average expenditure per white child was $165; per Negro child $119. For each $1 spent per white child, $.65 was spent per Negro child. In Mississippi, $122.93 was spent for each white pupil, as compared with $32.55 for each Negro pupil. How do the average annual salaries of white and Negro pupils compare in segregated school systems? In 1949-50, the average salary of white teachers was $3000, of Negro teachers $2550. In Mississippi, the average salary of white teachers was $1884, of Negro teachers $760. 4. HEALTH: Comparative death rates for Negroes and whites )per 1,000 population) 1949 - Negro - 12.6 white - 8.4 85 out of every 1000 Negro children die before 1 year of age 46 out of every 1000 white children die before 1 year of age 6. INCOME: How does the income of the Negro family compare to that of the white family? Income, 1950, for heads of spending units: Under $2000 - Negroes 59% whites - 27% Over $4000 - Negroes 19% whites - 34% Average income of all Negro and white families, 1950: Negro families - $1,869 White families - $3,445 7. HOUSING: How are the Negro people housed in the US? The "Architectural Forum," Jan. 1946, after surveying a single block in Harlem said: "At a comparable rate of concentration the entire United States could be housed in half of New York City." One single Harlem block houses 3,871 Negroes. In Chicago areas in which they are forced to live, Negroes pay 30 to 50 per cent more than whites do, for poorer quarters. 3,445 1,869 WHITE NEGRO YEARLY YEARLY INCOME INCOME Cotillion Award Goes to 90-Year-Old Educator [photograph] Diamond Cross of Malta, highest award of the Philadelphia Cotillion Society, is presented to Dr. Mary Church Terrell, of Washington, by Mrs. Robert L. Vann, publisher of the Pittsburgh Courier, at the society's Christmas Cotillion at Convention Hall. With them is Judge Herbert E. Millen, of the Municipal Court. Philadelphia Evening Bulletin 12-31-53 7,000 Jam Convention Hall For Cotillion Society's Ball By Henry R. Darling Of The Bulletin Staff The Philadelphia Cotillion Society presented its fifth annual Christmas Cotillion in Convention Hall last night before a crowd of about 7,000. The varied program included a ballet fantasy, "King of Dreams," the presentation of an award to a 90-year-old woman, a recital by a 19-year-old organist, and exhibition of ballroom dancing and an opportunity for dancing for all. Music ranged from the weird beat of Haitian drums through the swing rhythms of three dance bands to the incomparable performance of Philadelphia Orchestra members. The cotillion represents the high spot of the year for many of Philadelphia's Negroes. Generally, it is a formal dance in the grand manner, and its profits are used by the society to provide financial aid to a number of charitable and cultural agencies. Highest Award Presented Last night, the society's highest award, the Diamond Cross of Malta, was presented to Dr. Mary Church Terrell in recognition of her "nearly 66 years of unrelenting activity in behalf of a downtrodden minority." Dr. Terrell, whose brightness of eye and quickness of step belies her 90 years, was graduated from Oberlin College in 1884 and was one of the first women appointed to the Board of Education at Washington, D.C. She is founder of the National Association of Colored Women, co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and secretary of the Race Relations Committee of the Washington Federation of Churches. The 1951 her efforts aided in the opening of Washington restaurants to all, regardless of race, and in 1953 she defied the segregation rule in Washington theaters and initiated activity which has left to the opening of the theaters to all persons. The award was presented by Mrs. Robert L. Vann, publisher of the Pittsburgh Courier newspapers. The citation was read by Samuel H. Daroff, chairman of the Pennsylvania Commission on Race Relations. Colorful, Fantastic Ballet The "King of Dreams" was a delightfully colorful and fantastic production which deals with the dreams of a young queen. The pleasant and beautiful interpretations of queenly reveries in the "jeweled isles of the Caribees" apparently dissolve into a nightmare peopled with "Lim Lims" and "Lords of No-Rest." The "King of Dreams" comes to the rescue of the distressed queen and dispatches his marshal to fight the knightmayr and his demons. The marshal triumphs, the knightmayr is banished and the queen sleeps peacefully. More than 800 performers took part in the ballet. The story and production was the work of Eugene W. Jones. Direction and choreography were handled by Sydney King, Vivienne Certaine, Eleanor Harris, Leigh Parham and Faye Peamon. Impressive Production Props and costumes were impressive. What appeared as a conglomeration of electrical wire and cardboard cutouts backstage before the performance began developed into a beautiful "Castle of Pearls" when the floodlights were turned on. Japanese lanterns were used effectively by lantern bearers during the production to form an exotic backdrop for the entrance of the King. Long, flowing costumes, containing enough material to cover four and a half football fields, were ideally suited for the racing, bouncing figures who had the whole of the Convention Hall floor in which to cavort. The ballet approached realism only when three youths carried jungle-type drums to the center of the floor and squatting in the white light of a single beam, lost themselves in a wild rhythm, beating the instruments with the palms of their hands. Distinguished Guests Among the guests at the cotillion were more than 30 representatives of the diplomatic corps from 24 countries. They were led in procession by the Nicaraguan ambassador, Guillermo Sevilla-Sacasa, and the minister of India, S. N. Haksar. Also in the guest stands were a number of civil and government officials including Walter Phillips, city representative; Richardson Dilworth, district attorney; Judge Louis E. Levinthal, of Common Pleas Court; Judge Herbert El Millen, of the Municipal Court, and Dr. William H. Gray, Jr., executive director of the Commission on Industrial Race Relations. A gift was presented to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People by Fletcher Pierce, president of Bronzemen, Inc., a co-operating organization. State Dept. Gives Stand On Congress Travelers Washington, Dec. 31 - (UP) - The State Department informed Representative Hoffman (R - Mich) today that it gives junketing congressmen whatever foreign currency they want and it asks no questions about how they spend it. Under law, Assistant Secretary of State Thruston B. Morton told Hoffman, that's all the department can do. Congress itself gave its members the right to use counterpart funds to finance their foreign inspection trips. This is currency put up by foreign countries to match U.S. aid under the foreign aid program. Hoffman is checking into reports that globe-trotting congressmen have been spending government funds not only for legitimate congressional business but, in some cases, for high-living liquor and presents for their wives. Real values in attractive homes in all parts of the city and suburbs appear every day in the week in the Want Ad Columns of The Bulletin.-Advertisement. Huge Cotillion Throng Sees Dr. Terrell Honored ONLY 10 [[cent?]] PAY NO MORE! The Philadelphia Tribune FRIDAY LATE CITY Vol. 69 -- No. 97 Philadelphia, Pa., Saturday, January 2, 1954 Phone: KI. 5-2242 -2243 -2244 NEIGHBORS DOWNCAST OK Taproom Despite Protest Board Gives Go Ahead on Croskey St. Despite the bitter protests by residents of different North Philadelphia sections against the intrusion of more taprooms in Negro areas, the State Liquor Control Board is continuing to "abuse" the right of the body to transfer lieenses. This week the long fight by residents in the 2000 block of N. Croskey st. ended with the granting of a transfer to the owners of property at 2021 N. Croskey st. Leonidas Allen, counsel for the citizens, said they have about 10 days to appeal it. They are apparently undecided what to do, "feeling depressed and downhearted at the way the Board passes its decisions," it was said. The unrestricted opening of taprooms, through the use of a transfer, is causing considerable concern among many North and West Philadelphia residents. It was pointed out by counsel for these protesting groups that the only recourse the residents have is to go to the courts to get injunctions against the opening of the taprooms pending further investigations. These "sore spots" are mushrooming throughout the city, principally in predominantly Negro sections. HAS NO ALTERNATIVE The Board contents that by [[?]] Funeral Tomorrow for Mother Killed in Crash The holiday trip of a North Philadelphia family, enroute from Buffalo, ended in tragedy, early Monday morning, when the car in which they were riding ran off the road on Route 611, ten miles north of Easton, struck a tree, killed one person and injured seven others. Funeral services for the dead woman, Mrs. Willa Mae Mixson, 45, of 1935 N. Darlen st., will be held Friday afternoon, at Second Pilgrim Baptist Church, 15th st., below Poplar, with the Rev. R. L. Thomas officiating. Injured in the accident which happened about 4 a.m. was Mrs Mixson's husband, Willie, 45; her [Image] two daughters, Arietta, 17, and Annette Mixson, 15. Alfred Joseph, her son, 23; Reginald Sandeers, 5, and the driver of the car, Mrs. Mixson's brother, Cpl. Reuben Smith VISITING FATHER Mrs. Mixson, a native of Buffalo [Image Willa Mae Mixson] had been to upstate New York for a Christmas day visit with her aging father, Henry Smith. She was killed instantly. Her body was returned to this city from Stroudsburg, Tuesday (Continued on Page2, Col. 5) [Image Arietta Mixson] JUDICIAL SLAB [[?]] US Probes Shooting of Man in Jail Mobile, Ala.--The same week that Tuskegee Institute issued its second successive annual report of "no known lynching" in the United States for the year, Sheriff Jenkins Hill, of Clarke County, Fired three shots into the body of Moses Jones, and killed him while he was in a prison cell. With no witness present to say otherwise, the sheriff against whom Jones had testified last September in a "protection fee" case, told county authorities that he shot the hapless man "in self defense," Monday. In the meantime, U.S. Attorney Percey Fountain of Mobile, stated this week that he would ask US Alcohol tax unit agents to look into the slaying. Jones was shot Dec. 28. HAD REFUSED "DEAL" Circuit Solicitor Edward P Turner of Clarke County, also stated this week that a Grand Jury will look into the slaying "sometime next spring." Last September Jones testified in a trial against the sheriff that he (Jones) had refused to sell bootleg liquor for the officer and another man under a protection arrangement of $2 per gallon. Jones was also to be a U.S. witness against Hill and two other men in a new trial pending against them. Colorful Ballet-Fantasy Draws Plaudits of Crowd Convention Hall was resplendent last night in a galaxy of color as the fifth annual Christmas Cotillion presented one of the most brilliant spectacles the city has seen. The huge display was a background for a tribute to a great American woman, Dr. Mary Church Terrell. She received the Diamond Cross of Malta from the Philadelphia Cotillion Society. The Crowd of more than 7000 rose in spontaneous tribute as the grand woman, her body bowed by age, but her spirit still strong and dominating accepted the award made by Mrs. Jessie Vann, Pittsburgh publisher. CAN HELP SELVES Mrs. Terrell making use of a cane, made her way to the microphone and informed the audience that she was not going to make a speech but that she was tremendously grateful for the tribute paid her. She remarked, "If I have learned anything this evening it is that we can do much to help ourselves." Prior to the presentation of the Cross, she had heard herself lauded for her years long fight for democracy for all Americans. As long ago in the turn of the century she had a worldwide reputation as a fighter for Negro rights and women's rights. More recently she gained fame in 1951 as the guiding spirit behind the campaign to end denial of the rights of Negroes to eat in Washington, D.C. restaurants. This year she also brought to an end segregation of movie theaters there. Samuel Daroff, chairman of the Governor's Commission for Industrial Race Relations, gave the citation, which read "The Citizens of Philadelphia in tribute to Dr. Mary Church Terrell -- Whereas Mary Church Terrell has devoted a lifetime of unrelenting activity in behalf of human rights and whereas she is an American citizen who represents the highest ideals of that [citizency?], and whereas Philadephia, birthplace of those ideals, desires to honor one who stands in the vanguard of those dedicated to the preservation of the dignity and freedom of man. There has been caused to be struck in gold The Diamond Cross of Malta which is presented to Dr. mary Church Twice-A-Week Tribune Six Days Ahead of The Pack! In line with its policy of getting the news fist the Tribune presents these stories and pictures of the annual Christmas Cotillion last evening at Convention Hall, at which Dr. Mary Church Terrell was honored, six days before any other newspapers. Other photographs will be found on Page 8. Twice-A-Week Tribune [Image] Vol. 69—No. 97 Philadelphia, Pa., Saturday, January 2, 1954 KI. 5-2242-2244 NEIGHBORS DOWNCAST OK Taproom Despite Protest Board Gives Go Ahead on Croskey St. Despite the bitter protests by residents of different North Philadelphia sections against the intrusion off more taprooms in Negro areas, the State Liquor Control Board is continuing to "abuse" the right of the body to transfer licenses. This week the long fight by residents in the 2000 block of N. Croskey st., ended with the granting of a transfer to the owners of property at 2021 N. Croskey st Leonidas Allen, counsel for the citizens, said they have about 10 days to appeal it. They are apparently undecided what to do, "feeling depressed and downhearted at the way the Board passes its decisions.' it was said. The unrestricted opening of taprooms, through the use of a transfer, is causing considerable concern among many North and West Philadelphia residents. It was pointed out by counsel for these protesting groups that the only recourse the residents have is to go to the courts to get injunctions against the opening of the taprooms pending further investigations. These "sore spots" are mushrooming throughout the city, principally in predominantly Negro sections. HAS NO ALTERNATIVE The Board Contends hat by complying with state law as set forth it is obligated to grant the transfers, "regardless of objections." Meetings by residents of the 16th and Huntingdon sts. area are still being held each Tuesday night, usually at the Greater Foster Memorial Baptist Church, 18th and Yorks sts. They are protesting the opening of a taproom at 1601 Huntingdon st., which is also a transfer. It was revealed at the meetings that this is the fourth such place to be opened in the sector. In what residents termed a "sneak attack" the owners appeared before the Liquor Control Board and was given a hearing without legally posting notices that a new taproom was to be opened at the spot. The owners had started renovating the grocery store, that had been closed for several weeks, before the residents where aware of it. They immediately started protest proceedings. A re-hearing has been granted by the State Liquor Control Board for Jan. 5 at 4th and Market sts. — A Negro Congressman — British Say Official of Mau Mau Is Slain NAIROBI—(ANP)—British forces last week boasted of killing another Mau Mau leader. The latest supposed big wig of the secret society to fall before Kikuyu home guards here is "General" Matanjago, reportedly a member of "Field Marshall" Dedan Kimathis's war council. Matanjago was trapped with four others, including his wife, army headquarters said. One of the four [ ] Funeral Tomorrow for Mother Killed in Crash The holiday trip of a North Philadelphia family, enroute from Buffalo, ended in tragedy, early Monday morning, when the car in which they were riding ran off the road on Route 611, ten miles north of Easton, struck a tree, killed one persona nd injured seven others. Funeral services for the dead woman, Mrs. Willa Mae Mixson, 45, of 1935 N. Darien st., will be held Friday afternoon, at Second Pilgrim Baptist Church, 15th st., below Poplar, with the Rev. R.L. Thomas officiating. Injured in the accident which happened about 4 a.m. was Mrs. Mixson's husband, Willie, 45; her two daughters, Arietta, 17, and Annette Mixson, 15. Alfred Joseph, her son, 23; Reginald Sanders, 5, and the driver of the car, Mrs. Mixson's brother, Cpl. Reuben Smith VISITING FATHER Mrs. Mixson, a native of Buffalo had been to upstate New York for a Christmas day visit with her aging father, Henry Smith. SHe was killed instantly. Her body was returned to this city from Stroudsburg, Tuesday (Continued on Page 2, Col. 5) Man, 72, Dies Trying To Help Wife Frank Woods, 72, of 1725 N. 13th st., was pronounced dead at the St. Josephs Hospital, early Wednesday shortly after he collapsed in his first-floor apartment while attempting to aid his wife who called for help after she had tripped over an electric cord. Mrs. Mae Woods, 72, told police she was getting out of bed about 6:30 a.m. and tripped. Her husband had been in bed for several days from a cold, she said. When she called for help, Mr. Woods started to get up to help her and collapsed in bed. Mrs. Woods said she dragged herself to a nearby telephone and called police at the 19th and Oxford sts. station. Both the husband and wife were taken to the hospital. A physician pronounced Woods dead on arrival from a heart attack. Mrs. Woods was treated for shuck and discharged. No one had been to the morgue to claim the body, deputy [ ] JUDICIAL SLAP Kun's Sarcasm Is Subject of Rebuke A scathing denouncement of Judge Joseph L. Kun, charging that as a trial judge he "prejudiced" a jury against a Negro defendant in a drunken driving case, was made by State Superior Court Judge Claude T. Reno, in a[ ] opinion, Tuesday, ordering a new trial for Albert Claiborne, of 24th st. near South. At the same time Judge Reno suspended a six-month to one-year sentence imposed on Claiborne after blasting the jurist's remarks before a jury at the trial for the defendant last March when he was convicted and sentenced by Judge Kun. The jury had found Claiborne guilty. Claiborne's arrest occurred when charged with threatening Charles Levin. Claiborne has been free on bail pending the appeal to the Superior Court by counsel, Ivan K. Czap, who presented the new appeal before the Superior Court. PREJUDICED JURY Judge Reno in his opinion, accompanying the new trial ruling, pointed out instances where Judge Kun, during his "charging of the jury" had operated "to the preju- (Continued on Page 2, Col. 3) James C. Avery, GOP Figure, Buried Funeral Services for veteran politician James V. Avery, 1916 Kater st., were held Tuesday afternoon at Union Baptist Church, 19th and Fitzwater sts., with the Rev. James E. Kirkland officiating. [ ] — A Negro Congressman — Louisville Medical Soc. Admits 5 More Doctors LOUISVILLE—(ANP)—Five more physicians were admitted to the Jefferson Country Medical Society here last week. The organization took in its first doctor last month. Among the latest to be accepted was Dr. Grace M. James, recently appointed a clinical instructor in pediatrics at the University of Louisville Medical School. Other new members are: Dr. J.H. Walls, Dr. J.B. Bell, Dr. Gerald Hard and Dr. E.M. Hubbard Jr. The Jefferson Country Medical Society changed its bylaws to allow Negroes to become members. Dr. Maurice F. Rabb was the first admitted. [ ] U.S. Probes Shooting of Man in Jail MOVILE, Ala.—The same week that Tuskegee Institute issued its second successive annual report of "no known lynching" in the United States for the year, Sheriff Jenkins Hill, of Clarke Country, fired three shots into the body of Moses Jones, and killed him while he was in a prison cell. With no witness present to say otherwise, the sheriff against whom Jones had testified last September in a "protection fee" case, told county authorities that he shot the hapless man "in self defense," Monday. In the meantime, U.S. Attorney Percey Fountain of Mobile, states this week that he would ask US Alcohol tax unit agents to look into the slaying. Jones was shot Dec. 18. HAD REFUSED "DEAL" Circuit Solicitor Edward P. Turner of Clarke County, also states this week that a Grand Jury will look into the slaying "sometime next spring." Last September Jones testified in a trial against the sheriff that he (Jones) had refused to sell bootleg liquor for the officer and another man under a protection arrangement of $2 per gallon. Jones was also to be a U.S. witness against Hill and two other men in [?] trial pending against them. Jones, who led Grove Hill following his testimony against the sheriff and his partner, went to Bessemer to live, and was brought back on a fugitive warrant obtained against him by hill for failure to pay a $150 "liquor fine." SHERIFF ASKS PROBE Although no one was present at the shooting but the accused sheriff, Circuit Solicitor Turner said at Chatom this week that Hill had requested him to come down to (Continued on Page 2, Col. 7) — A Negro Congressman — Mrs. Terrell Backs Nar. Lawyers Guild WASHINGTON (ANP)—Atty. Gen. Herbert Brownell's proposal to designate the National Lawyers Guild as a "subversive" organization was protested last week by the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws. In a letter to Brownell, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, chairman of the committee, reviewed the part the Guild played in ending discrimination in Washington eating places. Mrs. Terrell was one of the persons whose complaints against a local Thompson restaurant lunched a test case of the District's so-called "lost" anti-discrimination laws. The case ended when the Supreme Court in June upheld the validity of the 1873 law and so compelled District eating places to serve all well-behaved persons regardless of race. [ ] Colorful Ballet-Fantasy Draws Plaudits of Crowd Convention Hall was resplendent last night in a galaxy of color as the fifth annual Christmas Cotillion presented one of the most brilliant spectacles the city has seen. The huge display was a background for a tribute to a great American Woman, Dr. Mary Church Terrell. She received the Diamond Cross of Malta from the Philadelphia Cotillion Society. The crowd of more than 7000 rose in the spontaneous tribute as the grand woman, her body bowed by age, but her spirit still strong and dominating accepted the award by Mrs. Jessie Vann, Pittsburgh publisher. CAN HELP SELVES Mrs. Terrell, making us of a cane, made her way to the microphone and informed the audience that she was not going to make a speech but that she was tremendously grateful for the tribute paid her. She remarked, "If I have learned anything this evening it is that we can do much to help ourselves." Prior to the presentation of the Cross, she had heard herself lauded for her years long fight for democracy for all Americans. As long ago as the turn of the century she had a worldwide reputation as a fighter for Negro rights and women's rights. More recently, she gained fame in 1951 as the guiding spirit behind the campaign to end denial of the rights of Negroes to eat in Washington, D.C. restaurants. This year she also brought to an end segregation of movie theaters there. Samuel Daroff, chairman of Governor's Commission for Industrial Race Relations, gave the citation, which read "The Citizens of Philadelphia in tribute to Dr. Mary Church Terrell — Whereas Mary Church Terrell has devoted a lifetime of unrelenting activity in behalf of human rights and whereas she is an American citizen who represents the highest ideals of that citizency, and whereas Philadelphia, birthplace of those ideals, desires to honor one who stand in the vanguard of those dedicated to the preservation of the dignity and freedom of man. There has been caused to be struck in gold The Diamond Cross of Malta which is presented to Dr. Mary Church Terrell in the name of the citizens of Philadelphia." District Attorney Richardson Dilworth brought greetings from the city. WHITE IS PRESENT Also paying tribute to Dr. Terrell, was Walter White, executive secretary of the NAACP, of which she was one of the founders. White who was accompanied by his wife, Poppy Cannon, accepted a joint decision to the Legal Defense Fund from Fletcher Pierce, president of the Bronzemen, Inc., who acted for a group of civic and social clubs. In another presentation, Ed R. Harris, managing editor of the Tribune and temporary secretary of Heritage House, accepted a gift that organization from Raymond James Leslie, chairman of the financial committee of the Society. Judge Herbert E. Millen, president of the society, presided at the ceremony. BRILLIANT DISPLAY Prior to that 600 talented young people of Philadelphia presented the ballet-fantasy "King of Dreams." Honoring the King, Eugene de Miranda, the dancers displayed a variety of talent in a series of sparkling scenes. In a rainbow of colors and a shower of sequins the dancers made their way on the floor to the applause of the spectators. Of the principals honors went to Sydney King, who danced the lead role in "The Valley of the Pearls," "The King of Dreams" with Faye Peamon as Allahara; and in this scene great applause was won by three young dancers [?] —Twice-A-Week Tribune— Six Days Ahead of The Pack! In line with its policy of getting the news first the Tribune presents these stories and pictures of the annual Christmas Cotillion last evening at Convention Hall, at which Dr. Mary Church Terrell was honored, six days before any other newspapers. Other photographs will be found on Page 8. —Twice-A-Week Tribune— Judge Herbert E. Millen congratulates Dr. Mary Church Terrell on her receiving the Diamond Cross of Malta during the fifth annual Cotillion at Convention Hall last night. (Other photos on page 8) Glittering Fashions Make Colorful Scene By BUNICE L. BURCH Splendor, glitter and glamour marked the fifth Christmas Cotillion at Convention Hall on Wednesday evening. A throng of guests from along the Eastern seaboard, many other states and representa-[ ] [ ]drea, wore a navy blue dress with tiny which figures. Miss Frances L. Oakley, from South Carolina visiting her sister Miss Mary L. Oakley, wore a pretty iridescent tissue taffeta with gold accessories. Vashti deMiranda [ ] what to do, "feeling depressed and downhearted at the way the Board passes its decisions,' it was said. The unrestricted opening of tap- rooms, through the use of a trans- fer, is causing considerable concern among North and West Phil- adelphia residents. It was pointed out by counsel for these protesting groups that the only recourse the residents have is to go to the courts to get injunctions against the opening of the taprooms pending further in- vestigations. These "sore spots" are mushroom- ing throughout the city, principal- ly in predominantly Negro sections. HAS NO ALTERNATIVE The Board contends that by com- plying with state laws as set forth it is obligated to grant the trans- fers, "regardless of objections." Meetings by residents of the 16th and Huntingdon sts. area are still being held each Tuesday night, usually at the Greater Foster Me- morial Baptist Church, 18th and Yorks sts. They are protesting the opening of a taproom at 1601 Hunt- ingdon st., which is also a trans- fer. It was revealed at the meet- ings that this is the fourth such place to be opened in the sector. In what residents termed a "sneak attack" the owners appear- ed before the Liquor Control Board and was given a hearing without legally posting notices that a new taproom was to be opened at the spot. The owners had started ren- ovating the grocery store, that had been closed for several weeks, be- fore the residents were aware of it. They immediately started protest proceedings. A re-hearing has been granted by the State Liquor Con- trol Board for Jan. 5 at 4th and Market sts. - A Negro Congressman - British Say Official Of Mau Mau is Slain NAIROBI - (ANP) - British forces last week boasted of killing an- other Mau Mau leader. The latest supposed big wig of the secret society to fall before Kikuyu home guards here is "Gen- eral" Matanjago, reportedly a member of "Field Marshall" De- dan Kimathis's war council. Matanjago was trapped with four others, including his wife, army headquarters said. One of the four was killed and the others captured. WILLIE MIXSON Man, 72, Dies Trying To Help Wife Frank Woods, 72, of 1725 N. 13th st., was pronounced dead at the St. Joseph's Hospital, early Wed- nesday shortly after he collapsed in his first-floor apartment while attempting to aid his wife who called for help after she had trip- ped over an electric cord. Mrs. Mae Woods, 72, told police she was getting out of bed about 6:30 a.m. and tripped. Her hus- band had been in bed for several days suffering from a cold, she said. When she called for help, Mr. Woods started to get up to help her and collapsed in bed. Mrs. Woods said she dragged herself to a nearby telephone and called po- lice at the 19th and Oxford sts. station. Both the husband and wife were taken to the hospital. A physician pronounced Woods dead on arrival from a heart attack. Mrs. Woods was treated for shock and dis- charged. No one had been to the Morgue to claim the body, deputy coroners reported that evening. ped over an electric cord. NEWS OF THE MOMENT MAGISTRATE SWORN IN Magistrate J. Amos Harris was sworn in yesterday at City Hall for a six-year term. Judge Charles Guerin presided at the quiet ceremony in Room 442 at 2 p.m. The swearing-in of Harris was unannounced, in con- trast to the publicized ceremonies for other success- ful candidates. It was explained he had his "big day" last summer when appointed by Gov. Fine. ON DELINQUENCY BOARD Rev. Leon H. Sullivan, general chairman of the Committee Against Juvenile Delinquencies and Their causes has been named a member of The Philadelphia Citizens Committee on the Prevention and Treatment of Juvenile Delinquency, official city agency, of which President Judge John A. Boyle of the Municipal Court is chairman. BUSINESS HITS BIAS JOHANNESBURG, South Africa - American busi ness interests are credited with bringing into this land of racial separation the idea of using natives in skill- ed trades, so that their incomes may be increased and their standards of living raised to make use of the products of local industry. WILLA MAE MIXSON ARIETTA MIXSON JUDICIAL SLAP Kun's Sarcasm Is Subject of Rebuke A scathing denouncement of Judge Joseph L. Kun, charging that as a trial judge he "preju- diced" a jury against a Negro de- fendant in a drunken driving case, was made by State Superior Court Judge Claude T. Reno, in an opin- ion, Tuesday, ordering a new trial for Albert Claiborne, of 24th st. near South. At the same time Judge Reno suspended a six-month to one-year sentence imposed on Claiborne af- ter blasting the jurist's remarks before a jury at the trial for the defendant last March when he was convicted and sentenced by Judge Kun. The jury had found Claiborne guilty. Claiborne's arrest occurred when charged with threatening Charles Levin. Claiborne has been free on bail pending the appeal to the Supe- rior Court by counsel, Ivan M. Czap, who presented the new ap- peal before the Superior Court. PREJUDICED JURY Judge Reno in his opinion, ac- companying the new trial ruling, pointed out instances where Judge Kun, during his "charging of the jury" had operated "to the preju- (Continued on Page 2, Col. 3) James C. Avery, GOP Figure, Buried Funeral services for veteran poli- tician James C. Avery, 1916 Kater st., were held Tuesday afternoon at Union Baptist Church, 19th and Fitzwater sts., with the Rev. James E. Kirkland officiating. Mr. Avery, died Dec. 21 and had retired on pension last February from a clerkship in the Board of Revision of Taxes. For more than 25 years he had been a GOP com- mitteeman in the 30th Ward, and at one time was Republican leader of the ward. Well known in fraternal circles, he was for ten years exalted ruler of the Elks' O.V. Catto Lodge. Besides his widow, Mrs. Janever Avery, he is survived by a sister, Mrs. Hattie Villagas of Atlantic City; two brothers, Richard, Atlan- tic City, and St. Claire, of Phila- delphia, and eight nephews and four nieces among other relatives. - First With The News - Atom Plant Council Asks Mixed School OAK RIDGE, Tenn. (ANP) - The City Council of Oak Ridge last week passed a resolution calling on the Atomic Energy Commission to end school segregation here, despite a Tennessee law forbid- ding Negroes and whites to at- tend the same schools. The council passed the resolution by a vote of 4-2. Action now rests with the AEC. In asking for integrated schools, Waldo Cohn, chairman of the council, said in part: "Segregated schools contravene in spirit both the principle that all men are cre- ated equal and the conviction of the President that federal funds should not be expended on pro- jects practicing racial segregation." - A Negro Congressman - Louisville Medical Soc. Admits 5 More Doctors LOUISVILLE - (ANP) - Five more physicians were admitted to the Jefferson County Medical So- ciety here last week. The organiza- tion took in its first doctor last month. Among the latest to be accepted was Dr. Grace M. James, recently appointed a clinical instructor in pediatrics at the University of Louisville Medical School. Other new members are: Dr. J. H. Walls, Dr. J. B. Bell, Dr. Gerald Hart and Dr. E. M. Hubbard, Jr. The Jefferson County Medical Society changed its bylaws to al- low Negroes to become members. Dr. Maurice F. Rabb was the first admitted. this week that he would ask U S Alcohol tax unit agents to look in- to the slaying. Jones was shot Dec. 28. HAD REFUSED "DEAL" Circuit Solicitor Edward P. Tur- ner of Clarke County, also stated this week that a Grand Jury will look into the slaying "sometime next spring." Last September Jones testified in a trial against the sheriff that he (Jones) had refused to sell boot- leg liquor for the officer and an- other man under a protection ar- rangement of $2 per gallon. Jones was also to be a U.S. witness against Hill and two other men in a new trial pending against them. Jones who *ed Grove Hill fol- lowing his testimony against the sheriff and his partner, went to Bessemer to live, and was brought back on a fugitive warrant ob- tained against him by Hill for fail- ure to pay a $150 "liquor fine." SHERIFF ASKS PROBE Although no one was present at the shooting but the accused sher- iff. Circuit Solicitor Turner said at Chatom this week that Hill had requested him to come down to (Continued on Page 2, Col. 7) - A Negro Congressman - Mrs. Terrell Backs Nat. Lawyers Guild WASHINGTON (ANP) - Atty. Gen. Herbet Brownell's proposal to designate the National Lawyers Guild as a "subversive" organiza- tion was protested last week by the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D.C. Anti- Discrimination Laws. In a letter to Brownell, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, chairman of the committee, reviewed the part the Guild played in ending dis- crimination in Washington eating places. Mr. Terrell was one of the per sons whose complaints against a local Thompson restaurant launch- ed a test case of the District's so- called "lost" anti-discrimination laws. The case ended when the Supreme Court in June upheld the validity of the 1873 law and so compelled District eating places to serve all well-behaved persons re- gardless of race. NO LYNCHINGS Tuskegee Revises Race Review Plan TUSKEGEE, Ala. (ANP) - Tus- kegee Institute declared this week that it is dropping its famed anti lynching reports, for 41 years the nation's top barometer on race re- lations. Dr. Luther H. Foster, Tuskegee president, announced that the school will replace this report with a new annual survey covering em- ployment, politics, education, health and other fields. Declaring that the report on lynching no longer gave a true picture of the racial problem, Dr. Foster announced the new type of report in issuing what probably will be the last Tuskegee Annual Lynching Letter. NO 1953 LYNCHINGS The year's letter said that for the second straight year no lynch- ings were reported in the United States. It did, however, reveal that lynchings were prevented in at least three instances during 1953. These instances were: Jan. 17, near Mobile, Ala., when Henry lee Brown, 17, escaped dep- uties when he feared he would be lynched while they were taking him to Kilby prison in Montgom- ery. The deputies had taken off his handcuffs and stopped their cars. Later when he gave himself up, he was tried and found inno- cent of a charge of slaying a white woman. In March, near Wilcox, Ariz. Arthur Thomas, 29, Negro accused of murdering a white woman, was saved by an alert lawman. May 24, in New York City, Ed- ward Cartagena, 42, a Puerto Ri- can, was saved by two baseball umpires and mounted police in Central Park after he stabbed his estranged common-law wife to death as several hundred persons looked on. The report stated that during the past five years there were only six lynchings. BIAS MORE SUBTLE As a result in the drop of lynch- ings and the appearance of more subtle forms of discrimination. Tuskegee has proposed what it calls an index to race relations. (Continued on Page 2, Col. 8) Governor's Commission for Indus- trial Race Relations, gave the cita- tion, which read "The Citizens of Philadelphia in tribute to Dr. Mary Church Terrell - Whereas Mary Church Terrell has devoted a life- time of unrelenting activity in be- half of human rights and whereas she is an American citizen who rep- resents the highest ideals of that citizency, and whereas Philadel- phia, birthplace of those ideals, de- sires to honor one who stands in the vanguard of those dedicated to the preservation of the dignity and freedom of man. There has been caused to be struck in gold The Diamond Cross of Malta which is presented to Dr. Mary Church Terrell in the name of the citi- sens of Philadelphia." District Attorney Richardson Dil- worth brought greetings from the city. WHITE IS PRESENT Also paying tribute to Dr. Ter- rell, was Walter White, executive secretary of the NAACP, of which she was one of the founders. White, who was accompanied by his wife, Poppy Cannon, accepted a joint donation to the Legal De- fense Fund from Fletcher Pierce, president of the Bronzemen, Inc., who acted for a group of civic and social clubs. In another presentation, Ed R. Harris, managing editor of the Tribune and temporary secretary of Heritage House, accepted a gift to that organization from Raymond James Leslie, chairman of the fi- nancial committee of the Society. Judge Herbert E. Millen, president of the society, presided at the ceremony. BRILLIANT DISPLAY Prior to that 600 talented young people of Philadelphia presented the ballet-fantasy "King of Dreams." Honoring the King, Eu- gene de Miranda, the dancers dis- played a variety of talent in a ser- ies of sparkling scenes. In a rainbow of colors and a shower of sequins the dancers made their way on the floor to the ap- plause of the spectators. Of the principals honors went to Sydney King, who danced the lead role in "The Valley of the Pearls," "The King of Dreams" with Faye Peamon as Allahara; and in this scene great applause was won by three young dancers, Joan John- son, Betsy Ann Dickerson and Billy Wilson. In this part of the ballet, the King of Dreams made a state- ly, solo entrance, his robe stream- ing behind him like a molten rain- bow. CHANGE OF PACE A change of pace and an inter- esting one, too, came in the next scene, a "Caribbean Festival of Dreams" with the harsh sounds of the voodoo drums punctuating the silence of auditorium. "Feline Fantasy" created by Eleanor Harris presented the nov- elty of catlike creatures with long tails agily and sleekly miming their roles. Vivienne Certaine danced "The Song of the Drums" in this number. The fantasy concluded with Leigh Parham in the role title of "Knight- mayr" dancing to the climatic bat- tle with William Jefferson, the "Marshal." The traditional Christmas Cotil- lion with the young ladies in filmy gowns and the gentlemen in white ties and tails concluded the pro- gram. As the ceremony honoring Mrs. Terrell began, Bertram A. Levy, associate director of the society gave the call to assembly and Mrs. Terrell was escorted to the stage by members of the National Coun- cil of Negro Women. MUSIC IS EXCELLENT Musical portions of the program were presented by Eloise Owens who sang "Cantique de Noel" at (Continued on Page 8) Judge Herbert E. Millen congratulates Dr. Mary Church Terrell on her receiving the Diamond Cross of Mal- ta during the fifth annual Cotillion at Convention Hall last night. (Other photos on page 8) * * * Glittering Fashions Make Colorful Scene By BUNICE L. BURCH Splendor, glitter and glamour marked the fifth Christmas Cotil- lion at Convention Hall on Wed- nesday evening. A throng of guests from along the Eastern seaboard, many other states and representa- tives from world embassies witness- ed the brilliant pageantry, and awarding of the Diamond Cross of Malta to Dr. Mary Church Terrell. COLORFUL RECEPTION A diplomatic reception was held in the Gold Room from 8 to 9 p.m. prior to the opening of the Cotil- lion. The table was resplendent with its beautiful floral centerpiece, tall tapers and silver service. Pour- ing tea and coffee were Mrs. Bev- erly Carter and Mrs. Eleanor Bond. Dr. Terrell, dignified and active for her 90-years, wore a lovely rose crepe gown, which complemented her snowy coiffure. Mrs. Jessie Vann chose a soft sky blue chiffon that floated cloud-like as she stroll- ed about. Mrs. Thelma Gordon of Wash- ington, D.C., an interior decorator of the embassies and widow of the late Dr. David King Gordon of the University of Chicago, was charming in a white nylon net gown over taffeta trimmed in rhinestones. RIVAL PRISM Our own Philly mortician, Mrs. Jennie E. Morris, always so charm- ing also chose a graceful gown in white. Mrs. Eula Cousins wore gold net and brocade, the net skirt very bouffant and a gold rose on one shoulder decorated the fitted brocade bodice. Mrs. Ada Carter was charming in a pink taffeta gown sparkling with rhinestones and beads at the neckline. Mrs. George Lyle, Jr. chose black and her daughter, An- drea, wore a navy blue dress with tiny white figures. Miss Frances L. Oakley, from South Carolina visiting her sister Miss Mary L. Oakley, wore a pret- ty iridescent tissue taffeta with gold accessories. Vashti deMiranda was dazzling in a gorgeous silver lame gown. FROM "GAY WHITEWAY" Mrs. Wilva Breen, wife of Rob- ert Breen of New York and direc- tor of the Broadway hit, "Porgy and Bess," was among the lovely ladies present. Mrs. Canada Lee, widow of the late stage and screen star was her vivacious self in a brown nylon tulle gown over gold with embroidered medalions. Gold jewelry completed her ensemble. Mr. and Mrs. George Black were among those present. Mrs. Black was striking in a black taffeta gown, a pink camellia corsage forming a lovely contrast. Also choosing stark black was Mrs. Ome- ga Mason of Salem, N. J. in a beau- tiful net gown. Camilla Coverdale, chairman of hostesses, chose sky blue, an off- the-shoulder ballerina length gown which featured an immense bow on one shoulder glittering with jew- els. OPENED COTILLION Mrs. Geneva K. Valentine of Washington, D.C., former national president of the National Associa- tion of Negro Business and Pro- fessional Women, who opened the Cotillion with the tree lighting ceremonies, was beautifully attired in a nylon tulle gown, the skirt yards and yards wide, sprinkled with net blossoms edged in gold metallic thread. Also wearing white was Mrs. Florida Williams. Mrs. Clifford R. Moore a hostess, (Continued on Page 8) DAILY NEWS, Los Angeles MONDAY, AUG. 25, 1952 Slave's daughter at 89 still carries on equality fight An 89-year-old daughter of an African slave was in Los Angeles today, still carrying on her lifelong fight for equality for Negroes. She is Dr. Mary Church Terrell, who came to Los Angeles as a delegate to the convention of the National Association of Colored Women, which she helped to organize in 1896. Dr. Terrell was the group's first president, and also assisted in organizing the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She comes from a family that has distinguished itself in public affairs. Her husband, Judge Heberton Terrell, was a Washington, D.C., municipal judge for 20 years, and a brother, R. R. Church Jr., fought the Crump machine in Tennessee as a Republican Party leader in Memphis. Judge Terrell died in 1925 and her brother died recently. Dr. Terrell herself has had a long and honorable career in public life, a career during which she has been an indefatigable worker for freedom of education for all Americans, for world friendship, and for woman suffrage. She was a member of the Washington, D.C., district school board for 11 years, starting in 1895 when she became one of the first two women to serve on the board. Three colleges - Oberlin, Howard and Wilberforce - have conferred the degree of doctors of letters on her. One of her two daughters, Mrs. Mary T. Beaudreau, lives at 2956 Edgehill Dr., and the other, Mrs. Phyllis Langston, resides in Washington, D. C. There are approximately 250,000 workers employed in processing and delivering dairy products in the United States. The best deals in town on household appliances may be found in the concise, up-to-the-hour Daily News classified ads. The Washington Afro-American, March 31, 1951 Leaders Honor Asbury Church Pastor Some of the guests who attended dinner honoring the Rev. Robert M. Williams, pastor of Asbury Methodist Church for the recent completion of the church community center at Tenth and L Streets and named in his honor. Seated clockwise are: Mrs. Julia West Hamilton, Dr. Albert Shirkey, Mrs. Marjorie M. Lawson, Belford V. Lawson, Bishop Alexander P. Shaw, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Dr. Williams, Dr. Frederick Reisigg, Dr. Claude Carmichael, Mrs. Velma G. Williams, Robert Taylor, and Mrs. Marguerite Reid. (Kay-Dee Photo) MRS. TERRELL SPEAKS Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, historian for the National council, made a stirring speech at the hotel luncheon. She reviewed the life history of Mrs. Tubman and told of her leaning toward woman's suffrage. In addressing a woman suffrage convention, she once said, according to Mrs. Terrell: "Yes, ladies, I was the conductor of the Underground Railroad for eight years, and I can say what most conductors can't say. I never ran my train off the track and never lost a passenger." "I believe," continued Mrs. Terrell, "that this good ship Harriet Tubman will work as hard to liberate those who are oppressed on account of their religion or their race as the woman for whom it was named, labored to free her race from slavery 90 years ago." DR. FEREBEE ON PROGRAM JIM CROW COMMUNITY CHRISTMAS TREE As long as the race supports, follows and upholds jim crow Negroes, just so long will the race be jim crowed. The Community Centers department of the Public Schools of Washington, rendered a "Community Christmas Tree Program," Monday night on the 24th, around the tree sent here from Vermont, and placed on the Ellipse. The program started at five o'clock, when the President touched a button that switched on the lights in the tree. A program by the whites followed and this program was followed by a concert by the Marine Band at seven o'clock. At 'midnight" a "Midnight service at the Community Christmas tree on the Ellipse, by the colored Community Centers of the D. C.", (led by Mrs. Gabrielle Pelham, colored community secretary), was rendered. This was a public Christmas Tree, placed on Government owned public ground, for the public. Mrs. Cecil Norton Sisson, directress of community centers and Mrs. Gabrielle Pelham of colored community secretary at headquarters, were not satisfied to have one community sing and one community band concert for everybody on the Ellipse. They must carry out the humiliating stultifying jim crowing program, for Negroes, by Negroes, and at midnight. It was this same Miss Cecil Norton that jim crowed the Negroes in the first "Music Week" held here on this same Government owned ground in 1921. Mrs. Pelham is the national Secretary of The National Negro Race Congress. It is pretty hard to see how an officer of an organization that has for its principles race pride and race progress, could be a party to a jim crow public program, on a public lot. Emory B. Smith, formerly the pastor of Lincoln Congregational Church, appeared on the program twice. The Community Band was "also present." Our race cannot progress and command the respect that is its due so long as we submit to such rotten, jim crow leadership as that of the Community Christmas Tree, by the Colored Community Centers. Then we see our college graduates, ministers and community center leaders giving a public jim crow service out on a public lot we wonder if there is any hope for the race at all? How long, Oh Lord, how long, must the Negro be afflicted with these Jim Crow, Uncle Tom would-be leaders? How much longer shall we continue to accept such people and permit them to humiliate us? ___________ MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL REPUDIATES HER HUSBAND When Mrs. Church Terrell employed the white lawyers, Newmyer and King, to file a suit for her against the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company for damages, she repudiated the position that her husband held as law professor in the Harvard Law School. As a professor in this, the only law school of the race, Judge Terrell has instructed many of the colored lawyers now practicing both in Maryland and the District of Columbia. In selecting this white firm, Mrs. Terrell says by her actions that she has no confidence in the work of her husband; that she has no confidence in the product of the school of which he is a professor, and that she has no confidence in Negro lawyers, of which her husband is one. Judge Terrell has held the position of Judge of the Municipal Court for four consecutive appointments. He has made good on the bench. Mrs. Terrell has traveled and lectured on race price and race patronage by she fails to live up to her own instructions and now says to the Negro: "Do as I tell you, but do not expect me to practice what I preach, in public." There is a new Negro in this country. We have many inconsistent would be-leaders among the race yet. Mrs. Terrell is a national character and she should realize that her actions will speak much louder than her words on the lecture platform. Therefore, if she hopes to continue the prestige she once enjoyed, she must stay within the race in her public dealings. The New Negro will not accept such brazen inconsistency, not even from Mrs. Mary Church Terrell. Session Delegates Cheer Mrs. Terrell, Dr. Wright One of Founders, National Board Chairman Greeted Warmly at 38th Annual Conference Regret that the Capital of the United States is situated in that part of the country which segregates people in places of public accommodation, was voiced by Mrs. Mary Church Terrell in the welcome address to the 38th annual conference of the NAACP here Tuesday night. Speaking before a capacity house at the John Wesley AME Zion Church, Mrs. Terrell said the NAACP should not cease its efforts until democracy in all parts of the country is an accomplished fact. Mrs. Terrell revealed that she was one of the persons who attended the founding meeting of the original sponsors of the NAACP in New York City in 1909. Condemns Odious Word She congratulated the founders for their choice of the name for the organization, pointing out that to have called it the National Association for the Advancement of "Negro" People, would have been a misnomer. The word "Negro," Mrs. Terrell said, means only one thing "color," while the phrase "colored people" includes 57 different shades and hues of colored Americans, she pointed out. Other objections which Mrs. Terrell voiced for the use of the word "Negro," was that to call a man a "Negro" would mean use of the corresponding ugly and objectional term, "Negress." She further stated that she opposed use of the word, because our most cruel persecutors persist in calling us by it, with the intention of humiliating and debasing us. Mrs. Terrell said that she was proud of her African ancestry, pointing out that universities of learning were in operation in Africa long before they appeared in Europe. Vigorous applause greeted Dr. Louis T. Wright, chairman of the NAACP National Board of Directors, when he said the NAACP had gone on record as opposed to the Taft-Hartley Labor Bill. He was also applauded when he stated that NAACP attorneys, Z. Alexander Looby, Maurice Weaver and Leon A. Ransom, were able to win an acquittal for 23 out of the first 25 defendants in the Columbia, Tenn., racial disturbance in February of last year. The two who were convicted, Dr. Wright said, were granted a new trial, the charges against them dismissed, and they were freed. Hits Medical Association Dr. Wright criticized the American Medical Association for its lack of interest in the health of colored people. "They are too stupid," he said, "to realize that the health of one segment of the population can be no better than the health of another." He singled out Dr. W. Montague Cobb of Washington for having rendered "distinguished and signal service" to his race and nation, by his work in behalf of satisfactory legislation for better care for all citizens. Dr. Wright asserted, "It is the contention of the association and its chief counsel, Thurgood Marshall, that segregated education in itself is discriminatory and must be abolished, if colored youth is to receive equal rights under the Constitution." Also warmly received by the audience was his statement that the crime of lynching will not be deterred effectively until there is a Federal antilynching law. He urged that those politicians be remembered on election day who are either indifferent to, or hostile to, the passage of a Federal antilynching law. The Courier Omegas Cite 4 Leaders DR. MARY CHURCH TERRELL . . . a moving force ROBERT L. TAYLOR . . . fighting newspaperman GARDNER L. BISHOP . . . better school facilities EDWARD J. KELLY . . . opened swimming pools [*Pittsburgh Courier*] Quite the most absorbing autobiography written by a colored American since Booker T. Washington's is "A Colored Woman in a White World" by the illustrious Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D.C. It is beautifully printed, has a foreword by H.G. Wells, and is published by Ransdell, Inc., National Press Building, Washington D.C. Its price is $2.50 and it is worth more. Few American women have had a fuller life than Mary Church Terrell. Born in the wealthy R.R. Church Family of Memphis, Tenn., she went to primary and grammar school in Ohio, and was the second colored woman to receive an A.B. when she graduated from Oberlin College in the middle 1880's. She is among Oberlin's "One Hundred Famous Alumni." INSIDE STORIES The book is replete with "inside" stories of Washington life and politics which otherwise might never have been published. There are interesting anecdotes dealing with inter-marriage, race crossing, segregation, discrimination and all the things a colored woman encounters in the Negro's "cultured hell" of America. Always a frank and courageous woman, Mrs. Terrell's characteristic honesty compels her to paint a picture of race relations in this country which will not be read with complacency by anyone interested in justice, fair-play and opportunity. She is one of the few prominent Negroes who was written without fear or favor, and without an ear cocked to hear what the white people think about it. TRAVELED EXTENSIVELY Aside from being 11 years member of the Washington, D.C. Board of Education, Mrs. Terrell studied and traveled extensively in Europe. As a delegate to the international Congress of Women in Berlin in 1904, she was the only American to address that body in German and French. In 1919 she was a delegate to the Women's International Congress for Peace and Freedom. In July, 1937, she attended the International Assembly of the World Fellowship of Faiths in London. Accordingly she has made many important contacts and numbers famous people among her intimate friends. These include each personalities, living and dead, as H.G. Wells, Susan B. Anthony, Mrs. May Wright Sewell, Harriet Stanton Blatch, Carrie Chapman Catt, William Dean Howells, Haile Selassie, Mary Robert Rinehart, Jane Addams, Prince Henry of Prussia, W.T. Stead, Jean Finot, Sir Harry Johnston, John Milholland, the Countess of Warwick, Samuel Coleridge Taylor, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, Ray Stannard Baker and many others. ORGANIZED COLORED WOMEN Mrs. Terrell was a pioneer in women's suffrage and served as first president of the National Association of Colored Women. She has never hesitated to go to the front for the Negro. In this connection it is interesting to note that after the 1919 Women's Institutional Congress she refused to sign the petition for removal of black troops from Germany with all other members of the Executive Committee. She offered to resign rather than sign it. Such courage, independence and loyalty to her people have been characteristic of Mrs. Terrell throughout her life. She is a bright jewel that would glorify any group. Negroes are honored to be able to claim her. As an intimate story of Negro experience from the Civil War to the present, this book is indispensable. It should have a very wide sale, especially among the enlightened minority of Negroes. —George S. Schuyler. Through The Storm By Coleman Rosenberger MARY CHURCH TERRELL'S "A Colored Woman in a White World" is a valuable addition to Langston Hughes' "The Big Sea" and W.E.B. by Negro leaders. For if Mrs. Terrell's memoirs are written with considerably less literary facility than Mr. Hughes' or Dr. Du Bois', her book has its special interest as the first full length autobiography by a Negro woman. Mrs. Terrell recounts a long and active career- many years of which have been spent in Washington where her husband, the late Robert Heberton Terrell, was Judge of the Municipal Court of the District of Columbia- and much of the value of the volume, as H.G. Wells writes in his preface, "lies in its revelation of the character and mental reactions of its writer and the changing social atmosphere in which she has lived." Mrs. Terrell was born near the close of the Civil War in Memphis, but her childhood was not that of the average Negro child in the deep South. Her family enjoyed a considerable degree of economic security, and when their small daughter was old enough to enter school, her parents sent her North to attend the Model School conducted in connection with Antioch College. From here she went to Oberlin College, where she took the classical course- an unusual thing for any girl at that time- entered into the life of the college, was one of the editors of the "Oberlin Review", and received her A.B. degree in 1884. For several years after her graduation she taught in Ohio and here in Washington and then went abroad with her father. When he returned to America, his daughter remained in Europe to continue her studies at Lausanne, and later in Berlin. When she returned to the United States, she resumed teaching in Washington and soon after married Mr. Terrell, a young Negro lawyer, a native of Virginia who had attended Groton and Harvard, who was then also teaching. MRS. TERRELL became well known in educational circles, and was appointed to the Board of Education of the District of Columbia, becoming the first colored woman in the United States to serve on a Board of Education. She continued as a member of the board for more than a decade. Mrs. Terrell was active in the struggle for Negro rights. She was the first president of National Association of Colored Women and was a charter member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She spoke extensively, particularly in educational institutions throughout the Nation, and addressed large audiences at Cornell, Harvard, Radcliffe, Randolph-Macon, Oberlin, Wellesley and many other universities and colleges. She was a delegate to the International Congress of Women in Berlin in 1904, where she delivered her address in English, French, and German. During this period, Mrs. Terrell also began to write. She published a discussion of lynching in the North American Review in answer to an article by Thomas Nelson Page. She contributed to Nineteenth Century, published in London, and many other periodicals and newspapers, but found much reluctance, particularly on the part of American editors, to deal with the problems of race relations. In 1919 Mrs. Terrell represented the colored women of the United States at the International Congress of Women for Permanent Peace in Zurich, and again in London in 1937 at the World Fellowship of Faiths. She found time for such political activity as serving as director of work among colored women for the National Republican Committee and later as taking an active part in Ruth Hanna McCormick's campaign for the Senate. The most important chapters of the volume, however are those dealing specifically with racial intolerance; the insults, the discriminations, and worse. The record of the intolerance directed against a person even of Mrs. Terrell's intellectual and cultural attainments, is a significant commentary on race relations in the United States. MARY CHURCH TERRELL Author of " A Colored Woman in a White World" IF THERE IS criticism to be made of the volume, it is perhaps that Mrs. Terrell too often seems to consider her career as something of an individual struggle. Rarely does she see it as a part of the struggle which all oppressed peoples must make toward a common end. This is a point which H.G. Wells suggests in his preface when he writes: "Mrs. Church Terrell has lived her life through a storm of burning injustice; but if she had been born a sensitive and impressionable white girl in a village on some English estate, destined normally to be an underhousemaid and marry an undergardener, she would have had almost the same story to tell, if not in flamboyant colors then in aquatint. She would have struggled in independence and self-respect against handicaps less obvious but more insidious. She would have discovered parallel frustrations. She would have found her brother and cousins barred, very effectively if not quite so emphatically, from education and opportunity. She would have realized that the mutual antagonism of classes, the conflict of the old school tie with the rank of the outsider, the monopolization of business and jobs, the contemptuous treatment of the lower-class girl, the victimization of the little man, were all going on- not in terms of blood and fire, but in monochrome- which may at times become a dingy grey, more dispiriting perhaps than the hot sunshine on a hot plantation." "Mrs. Terrell, however, has presented the record of a significant career, and her book is one which should have many readers." "A COLORED WOMAN IN A WHITE WORLD," by Mary Church Terrell, Preface by H.G. Wells. (Ransdell, $2.50) -LAND TRIBUNE, SUNDAY, AUGUST 13, 1939 BERKELEY GROUP On Friday night, August 4, a mammoth campfire program and Court of Honor marked the end of a most memorable year at Camp Wolfboro. This event was under the leadership of Camp Activities Director Harry Majors, Jr. Special Camp Wolfboro emblems were presented to all Scouts at the campfire services. Area executive board representatives at this last campfire program of the year were H.E. Ocumpaugh, S.K. Rosenthal and E.C. Hinkley, all members of the eastern division. Among the various numbers and playlets presented as part of the evening's entertainment was a very cleverly arranged musical skit given by members of Troop No. 2, Crockett, under the direction of Scoutmaster Harvey Brown and Assistant Edward Sanchez. SPECIAL DINNER Following the Court of Honor, a special dinner was given for the staff as a gesture of farewell and appreciation for their very capable leadership during the camping period, Camp Director Roger L. Bales expressed his sincere thanks to all staff members for their cooperative efforts in making the camping season a happy and worth-while experience for all Scouts in attendance. Charles E. Adams, camp advancement director, reports the following awards were presented during the entire six-week camping period: Four hundred and one merit badges, seven tenderfoot badges, thirty-nine second-class badges, seventeen first-class badges, five star awards, six life awards and a bronze eagle palm. SEA SCOUT REGATTA This major event of the senior Scouting program will take place on Treasure Island on the week-end of September 2, 3, and 4. Councils represented in Region XII include all those in California, Hawaii, Nevada, Arizona and Utah. At least one ship from each council and probably more are expected at this annual nautical affair. Saturday noon, August 19, is the deadline for registrations. Skippers are asked to register early. For information concerning registration fees consult the local Boy Scout headquarters. Sea Scout Manuals are now available at the local Boy Scout office. ALAMEDA GROUP A special meeting of the Scoutmasters Round Table of the Alameda Council has been called for Tuesday evening, August 15, 7:45, in the Alameda City Hall assembly room. This meeting will interest itself in the coming activities of the council which will include the Senior Trek, Court of Honor and swimming meet. All Scoutmasters are urged to attend. The Alameda 20-30 Club, sponsors of Troop 12, had as their guests at their Tuesday evening meeting Scouts of the troop under the leadership of Scoutmaster Jack Mulvaney. After the regular business meeting the Scouts demonstrated several Scouting demonstrations which were of interest to the 20-30 members. Scouts participating included Scoutmaster J. Mulvaney, Assistant Scoutmasters Roy Astrup and George Gheselli, Earl Berrington, Ronald Birch, Dick Canepa, David Domnick, William Green, Verdinal McKean, James Osborn, Robert Renard, Dick Stroud, Warren Schwab and Ted Vanderhoff. The meeting was adjourned with the Scoutmasters benediction. Alameda Boy Scouts were able to show their ability for doing good turns for out-of-town and out-of-state visitors on the occasion of the annual Summer school session for teachers. Scouts escorted the teachers through the various sections of Alameda and helped in the office of the High School and conducted color ceremonies. Scouts who participated were under the direction of Junior Assistant Scoutmaster Delbert Lemos of Troop 2. Scouts participating included: Don Brittion, Ralph Brehl, Weldon Cochrane, Francis Doyle, Bill Ingram, Karl Kyriacos, Bill Mendosa, Art Pierce, Fred Rodda, Bob Stout, Pete Vallerga and Ken White. Activities Among Negroes By Lena M. Wysinger The Woman's Council of First African Methodist Episcopal Church (Rev. Daniel G. Hill Jr., pastor), Mrs. Ethel Brooks, president, are sponsoring an heirloom tea this afternoon from 3 to 6. An assortment of heirlooms and antiques will be displayed. You will be in vogue with your attire as far back as the Martha Washington, Phyllis Wheatley and Sojourner Truth periods. There are a large number of out-of-town visitors expected. The public is invited. The tea will be held in the beautiful home of the Rev. and Mrs. Daniel G. Hill Jr. on Ashby Avenue, off Grove. You always find a hearty welcome at the Hill home. Three daughters, a son and the mother of Mrs. Hill, Mrs. Edwards, visiting from Washington, D. C., add to the hospitality. was one of the first two named and served in that capacity for 11 years, a longer time than any one else had served up to that time. Later Congress delegated members of the District Supreme Court to name the board members. They announced that no one would be appointed who had served in that capacity before, but Mrs. Terrell was made an exception. She again was named on the board. After her 11 years of service she resigned. The American Negro educator was the first woman of her race to serve on a board of education in America. 'BOOK OF ACHIEVEMENT' "Book of Achievement," issued by Oberlin College in 1929 in honor of 10 famous alumni and alumnae, includes the name and photograph of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell. Activities Among Negroes By Lena M. Wysinger The Woman's Council of First African Methodist Episcopal Church (Rev. Daniel G. Hill Jr., pastor), Mrs. Ethel Brooks, president, are sponsoring an heirloom tea this afternoon from 3 to 6. An assortment of heirlooms and antiques will be displayed. You will be in vogue with your attire as far back as the Martha Washington, Phyllis Wheatley and Sojourner Truth periods. There are a large number of out-of-town visitors expected. The public is invited. The tea will be held in the beautiful home of the Rev. and Mrs. Daniel G. Hill Jr. on Ashby Avenue, off Grove. You always find a hearty welcome at the Hill home. Three daughters, a son and the mother of Mrs. Hill, Mrs. Edwards, visiting from Washington, D. C., add to the hospitality. Miss Olive M. Diggs, who has been visiting at Treasure Island, entrained Wednesday for other places of interest on her itinerary before her return to Chicago. Miss Diggs is a journalist and editor of the Chicago Bee. MRS. TERRELL HERE Mrs. Mary Church Terrell and her daughter, Mrs. Phyllis Terrell Parks of Washington, D. C., are guests on the Pacific Coast. They arrived from Los Angeles on August 3 and continued their tour northward on Wednesday, August 9, after having spent several days in San Francisco and the Bay area and seeing the Exposition. Mrs. Terrell is the daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. R. R. Church of Memphis, Tenn., financiers. She is the widow of the late Judge Robert H. Terrell. The judge sat on the municipal bench in the District of Columbia during President Taft's Administration. The distinguished guest, Mrs. Terrell, was the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, which body closed its 44th annual session in Boston, the city of its inception, on its anniversary, July 29. A graduate of Oberlin College, class of '84, she received her B.A. degree; then in 1888 she received an M.A. degree from the same institution. STUDIED IN EUROPE She studied three years in Europe, in France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. She taught two years at Wilberforce University in Ohio and two years in a high school for colored youth in Washington, D.C. In 1904 she was invited by the American Auxiliary to speak to the great International Council of Women, held in Berlin. She delivered an address on "The Progress and Problems of Colored Women." While in Berlin she delivered the address in three different languages, German, French and English. "She was eloquent in all three, said Carrie Chapman Catt, in an article in the Oberlin Alumni Magazine in 1936. "She won the unanimous approbation of the convention," Mrs. Catt wrote, "and in addition became the favorite of the European press. She was popular in all parts of the Nation. A prolific writer and lecturer, her articles were published in many magazines and newspapers. Because she had a telling, convincing influence upon her audience she was invited to address the annual convention of National American Women Suffrage Association. "Mrs. Terrell presented a pleasing appearance and posture, what the world calls 'platform present.' A musical, well-modulated voice - any audience might have been prepared for an enjoyable half hour, but the convention was astonished by her logic and eloquence. Her address was pronounced the gem of the entire program. No one who heard her ever forgot the occasion or failed to note her after-career." PUBLIC RECORD When Congress empowered the Commissioners of the District of Columbia to place two women on the Board of Education, Mrs. Terrell was one of the first two named and served in that capacity for 11 years, a longer time than any one else had served up to that time. Later Congress delegated members of the District Supreme Court to name the board members. They announced that no one would be appointed who had served in that capacity before, but Mrs. Terrell was made an exception. She again was named on the board. After her 11 years of service she resigned. The American Negro educator was the first woman of her race to serve on a board of education in America. BOOK OF ACHIEVEMENT "Book of Achievement," issued by Oberlin College in 1929 in honor of 10 famous alumni and alumnae, includes the name and photograph of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell. For 40 years Mrs. Terrell served good causes, the welfare of Negro womanhood and humanity in general. After the World War Mrs. Terrell was a delegate to the Congress of the International League for Peace and Freedom, of which Jane Addams was president. The delegates, among the most distinguished and useful women of the United States, unanimously selected Mrs. Terrell to represent the league at its first large meeting held in the cathedral, in which women had never been allowed to speak. Mrs. Terrell is a charter member of the National Association for Advancement of Colored People. She has served in numerous capacities for the advancement of humanity, R.R. Church, her father, was one of the few Negro millionaires in America. GUEST FETED The Association of Colored Women of San Francisco, Mrs. Irene Belle Ruggles, past president of the California Association of Colored Women, was at home to Mrs. Terrell, past national president of the Association of Colored Women; her daughter, Mrs. Phyllis Terrell Parks of Washington, D.C., and other visiting guests on Sunday afternoon, August 6, at the Madam C.J. Walker Home, 2066 Pine Street, San Francisco. Miss M.C. Roberts, executive secretary of the Walker Home; Mrs. Tulip Jones, chairman of the board of directors and committee assisted in making the afternoon memorable. Mrs. Terrell addressed the assembled women. She spoke in glowing terms of the hospitable people and of Treasure Island and all its glories. Mrs. L.M. Channell, teacher from Louisiana, author and reader, also addressed the women and gave a reading. Other selections, including musical numbers, were appreciated. Beautiful floral decorations added to the charm of the occasion. Among special guests not mentioned, were: Mrs. Louise Jackson, public school teacher, Birmingham, Ala,; Mrs. P. A. Rochon, teacher, Dallas, Texas; Mrs. Van H. McKinney, teacher, Houston, Texas, Mrs. Idel Vertner, Y.M.C.A. executive, Seattle, Wash,; Mrs. Frances Johnson, delegate to grand session, Household of Ruth; Mr. and Mrs. P.S. O'Reilly, Sacramento. Mrs. Helen W. Fergerson, high school teacher, Xenia, O.; And. Mack M. Greene, dramatic teacher at Wilberforce University; Russell Lane, high school principal, Indianapolis, Ind., and Mrs. Lane; Mrs. Emma Clement, teacher, Charleston, S.C.; Mrs. S.G. Kay, teacher, Houston, Texas; Mrs. Ethel Gillispie, teacher, Bordontown, N.J., Miss A. Gibson, Oakwood, Texas; Mrs. L.M. Channell, teacher, New Orleans, La.; Miss Gussie Veola, Houston, Texas, Mrs. Carrie Veola, Los Angeles; Mrs. O.L. McCall, principal Douglas High School, El Paso, Texas; Mrs. Endora E. Duckett, teacher, Philadelphia, Pa,; Mrs. M.A. Bates, teacher, El Paso, Texas, Miss Ruby M. Nichols, teacher, Oakwood, Texas; Miss Geneva Turner, social worker, Portland, Ore.; Miss Rosaland Davenport, Los Angeles; Mrs. Jounita Wilson, New York; Mr. and Mrs. T. Harry Grantham. The Dunbar News Vol. II. NEW YORK, DECEMBER 17, 1930 No. 17 A Gifted and Distinguished Woman Mary Church Terrell Says Mrs. Terrell: "Nothing will do more to relieve the unemployment situation permanently, so far as our group is concerned, than the work which is now being done by the Harlem Citizens Committee on More and Better Jobs. Dr. Powell and his associates are tackling the proposition in the right way. It is primarily a matter of mass education to economic thinking and economic conduct. They are in earnest. Moreover, they are giving sound advice to those who suffer from the kind of discrimination which prevents us from earning a decent living. 'Don't patronize stores run by men who refuse to employ our own people merely on account of race and color,' they say. If we follow that advice, we ourselves shall be able to do a great deal to remedy a most disheartening situation. It is hard to think of any effort exerted in behalf of our group of which it stands in greater need at the present time than the work which is being done in Harlem by the Committee on More and Better Jobs. A loaf of bread may spell temporary relief but a real job enables a man to maintain his self-respect and buy his own bread day after day and year after year." EDITOR'S NOTE: The only daughter of the late Robert E. Church, a successful business man of Memphis, Tenn., Miss Mary Church was married to Robert Herberton Terrell, the first Negro judge of the Municipal Court, Washington, D. C. She was graduated with the degrees of A.B. and A.M. from Oberlin College and in 1929 was placed in "The Book of Achievement" issued by the college in honor of the 100 most famous alumni and alumnae of the institution. Oberlin was founded in 1833. Immediately after graduation, Miss Church taught at Wilberforce University. Thereafter she spent several years abroad perfecting herself in German, French, and Italian. Upon her return she was offered a post upon the faculty of Oberlin. Like Mr. Terrell, Miss Church was a teacher in the celebrated Negro high school of Washington, D. C., the old M Street, he teaching classics and she modern languages. He later be came Principal of the school. Mrs. Terrell was the first president of the National Association of Colored Women. She was the first woman of color to be a member of a Board of Education in an American city, being reappointed repeatedly and serving with distinction for a period of eleven years upon the Board of Education at the Capital of the Nation. At the Quinquennial International Congress of Women in Berlin, Mrs. Terrell was the (Continued on Page 2, Col. 4) Municipal Housing Urged By Thomas Socialist Proposes City-Owned Apartments at Cost as Only Way to Abolish Slums CRITICIZES WALKER'S PLAN Call Chrystie-Forsyth Project "Political Housing at Its Worst" at Women's Conference Declaring that new projects and "experiments" in building model apartments had failed to improve housing conditions in the city, Norman Thomas, Socialist, told a large group of civic and welfare leaders yesterday that if they seriously meant to eliminate the slums and provide rents within the means of wage earners there was nothing left as a solution but municipal housing, at cost, to the tenants. Mr. Thomas spoke at a luncheon of a joint legislative committee, comprised of the women's conference of the Society for Ethical Culture and the parents and teachers association of ethical culture schools, in the Barbizon-Plaza Hotel. Many of the group, representing housing and welfare activities, agreed with Mr. Thomas, in principle, pointing out, however, difficulties preventing the city from embarking on a large-scale municipal housing development. "With all due admiration for these new housing projects and experiments," Mr. Thomas said, "we are not coming anywhere the solution of our problem. These projects are reaching only the upper level of society. Only people with incomes of $2,500 or $3,000 can live in these model apartments without seriously affecting their family budgets. "As long as the landlords take all the cream of everything that's done, I don't see how you are going to get very far in solving your problem. By a process of elimination of all that is offered in better housing, you come to municipal housing. The City Government and the Legislature could bring about municipal housing quicker than they could raise all salaries to $2,500 or $3,000. Points to Chrystie-Forsyth Project "There is Mayor Walker's hardy perennial, the Christie-Forsyth project that blossoms before election and is bitten by the frost after election. It is now nothing more than a scar down the east side with no private or limited-dividend corporation willing to build on it. That is political housing at its worst." Mr. Thomas condemned the building of skyscrapers as uneconomic. When values were increased by subway construction, he said, congestion was worse than before the subway was built to relieve congestion. H. S. Buttenheim, editor of The American City Magazine, declared that municipal housing would amount to a subsidy and would encourage low wages, and Mr. Thomas explained that he did not mean that housing would be subsidized but that his municipal housing plan would bring down rents to cost and the houses would be self-supporting. Would Remove Old Tenements Dr. Louis I. Dublin, statistician of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, spoke of the death rate among infants and tubercular persons which, he said, reflected the conditions of life of those who must live in the old tenement houses. He held that the problem of housing was a municipal problem, and that it was "rotten economy" to allow old tenements to remain. The city, he said, under present conditions of bad housing, was "running up a bill that it will have to pay later" in caring for the sick. Mrs. Clara Burrill Bruce, assistant resident manager of the Paul Laurence Dunbar Apartments, told of the "problem of health and morality" in Harlem as a result of overcrowded living conditions. She said there were 336 persons to an acre in Harlem, while an ideal allocation would be 35 persons to the area. Other speakers included Mrs. Joseph Proskauer, director of the Housing Association of New York; Mrs. Mary G. Schonberg of the City Housing Corporation; Dr. Edward T. Devine, executive director of the Housing Association of New York, and Stanley M. Isaacs, a director of the Housing Association. Among others at the meeting were Dr. John Lovejoy Elliot, leader of the Society for Ethical Culture; Mrs. Julius C. Bernheim, vice-president of the United Neighborhood Houses; Peter Grimm, president of the Real Estate Board; Miss Loula D. Lasker, associate editor of The Survey; Herbert E. Mitler, builder, and Mrs. Mitler; Aaron Rabinowitz, member of the State Board of Housing, and Arthur Holden, architect. --N. Y. Times, Dec. 12 Relief for Harlem Abyssinian Baptist Church has been serving free meals to the poor for a number of weeks. Dr. A. Clayton Powell in a recent sermon commended Mayor Walker's Committee, Commissioner Mulrooney and his policemen, and the Seward Prosser Committee for the splendid work to alleviate suffering and distress. The Salvation Army continues to serve two meals daily at 34 West 135th St. The New York Urban League is handling the investigation and assignment of married men seeking work under the Emergency Work Plan. The Harlem Citizens Committee on More and Better Jobs is assisting its chairman, Dr. A. Clayton Powell, to secure old clothing, shoes, etc., to be distributed through the Abyssinian Baptist Church. Five local churches have pledged the Harlem Cooperating Committee on Relief and Unemployment, 111 West 135th Street, Rev. Shelton Hale Bishop, chairman, to give one meal a week to unemployed persons. The five churches cooperating in this work are Emanuel A. M. E. Church, Rev. D. Ward Nichols, pastor, Mondays; Mother A. M. E. Zion Church, Rev. J. W. Brown, pastor, Tuesdays; St. Mark's M. E. Church, Rev. J. W. Robinson, pastor, Wednesdays, Bethel A. M. E. Church, Rev. E. A. Clark, pastor, Thursdays; St. James Presbyterian Church, Rev. William Lloyd Imes, pastor, Fridays. Tickets must be secured at the Committee's headquarters in order to secure these meals. A. Clayton Powell, D.D. Exhibition By DORIS KIRKPATRICK These masks at which I gaze so curiously Were once the terror of a tribal clan. This wild boar's head with tusks of ivory Was worn once by a native medicine man. Within the shadows of a jungle night While fires flared and drums beat monotones. The shaman danced his dance and put to flight The evil spirits by his cries and moans. By this mask he made himself a God Fearful and holy, twice a man in size, Strange powers entered in his stripling rod And he could shake the thunder from the skies He could ride the wind, could touch the stars, Could slaughter ills, could make his people see Visions mystical and shatter bars That bound them to their black reality. A wooden thing hung on bare-faced stone-- Will fate treat thus the symbols that we own? --Opportunity An Able and Enlightened Executive Says Mrs. Saunders: "I have been following with a great deal of interest the work of the Committee on More and Better Jobs. The movement is most fortunate in the personnel of its leadership and the opportunity there has been for the wide circulation of its aims and ends,--even in so short a time I feel that much has been accomplished. "I should like, however, to see the Committee include in its future program the selling of the Negro worker to the world as an individual worker and not necessarily as a Negro worker. In a great many lines the Negro worker has made an outstanding record; it is the obligation of the group to see that this information is available to large employers of labor. Is it asking too much of the Committee on More and Better Jobs to request that they (Continued on Page 4, Col. 3) Photo caption: CECELIA C. SAUNDERS Executive Secretary, Y. W. C. A. 2 The Dunbar News Published every two weeks at 2594 seventh Avenue New York Single Copies On sale at Weiner's Cigar Store, 2818 Eighth Avenue at 3 Cents Subscription Rates for One Year 7- cents if called for at the Business Manager's office 2588 Seventh Avenue, and by mail (under Permit No. 2286, Sec. 435 1/2, P. L. & R), one dollar. Vol. II. December 17, 1930 No. 17 A Call to educational Statesmanship Thanks to the earlier coming of the Industrial Revolution, England was a manufacturing nation some decades before France and longer still before Germany which, by the way, did not turn its back upon agriculture until after 1871. Yet, in 1800 the foreign trade of Germany was $31 per capita of total population while that of the United States was $32. Nevertheless and notwithstanding, our own foreign trade had advanced three decades later (1910) to only $37 per capita but Germany's to $62. Extraordinary development. What's the explanation? Well, it took our Presidential Commission of 1913 to bring home to the American people what every professional educator well knew. In the kingdom of Bavaria there were more trade schools of all kinds than in the entire cast extent of continental United States. And Bavaria is about the size of sleepy South Carolina. Indeed, the city of Munich alone had more trade schools than all the larger cities of the United States put together, despite their flamboyancy. No wonder that in 1917 our log-rolling Congress was finally constrained to get busy and under expert guidance lay the foundation of what may become, must become a truly national system of vocational education for boys and for girls of secondary school age. In this exigent day and time the nation which sells its raw products to others instead of fabricating them itself and selling finished foods, is guilty of a stupid and prodigal waste of national resources. It is in the veritable plight of the illiterate and stubborn Negro farmer on Zion Hill in Macon County, Alabama who year after year sold his corn instead of following Booker Washington's repeated, kindly, sage advice and selling that corn on the hoof, that is to say, in the form of hogs. Sell your coal and grow poor; sell your brains and grow rich. In this era of implacable world competition, every nation, as well as every individual, must be thrifty--or perish. With this background vividly in mind, let us recall that it was before the German people had turned to manufacturing, namely, in the year 1868 that Hampton Institute was founded. In plain truth Hampton and Tuskegee have been America's pioneers in vocational education; they have pointed the way for all, while being true to their special trust and serving directly the most disadvantaged element in our population. Ill advised, indeed, is the educator from overseas who comes to this land and fails to study intently and at first hand these profoundly significant institutions. To have known personally every one of the Principals of Hampton and of Tuskegee up to now is, indeed, a proud privilege and in some sort an education. Think of the founders: Samuel Chapman Armstrong, all his life like Pestalozzi a man of aspiration, and Booker T. Washington whose Up From Slavery is known and read and influential the world around. Think of the men who have come after them. Simplicity of manner and spirit, humaneness, careful realism, wonder-working tact, statesmanlike vision and grasp, immense influence upon the thoughts and feelings and attitudes of the elements of the American people that count, they all have had. Creative educators they all have been. Educational administrators, these men are nevertheless of the company of Herbart who stressed the preparation of youth for participation in organized society; of Froebel who placed due estimation upon self activity and self expression, opening up for children a wealth of new contacts with the real and vibrant world about them; of John Dewey who has given education practical content, enabling the child to interpret for himself with increasing fullness and truth the conditions and problems of this modern industrial society of ours, upon the theory that the school should be life and not merely perfunctory preparation for it. Into this company of educational reformers, Arthur Howe has now come. As responsible administrator, he is to put ideas into practise. We hope, pray, believe that he will not only maintain but enrich a noble tradition. Among the new Principal's problems, we may, perhaps, be permitted to cite: Organizing and reorganized all trade teaching pedagogically, as Adam Smith distinctly intimated in the Wealth of Nations as long ago as 1776, so as to avoid the downright wastefulness of the apprenticeship system (or lack of system), as to time, materials, and net result. Eliminating trades, tools, methods that have been superseded in fact by the steady, rapid advance of industry in this age of machinery, instead of clinging absurdly to them, as many a so-called industrial school in the South is doing at this hour, because of some mystical "disciplinary value." Safeguarding the developing for each particular type of vocational education and training its own special atmosphere, as Munich has done in its series of admirable mono-technic schools, as the Harvard Law School at a higher level has done, the precise opposite of the baneful procedure of the ill-starred "cosmopolitan high school" which, like some new bonnet, is now the style in many American cities. Assuming a much needed leadership in that vocational guidance which is basic to any sound program of vocational education. Seeing that the students become intelligently familiar with the history and principles of the labor movement, since they must eventually take their places upon their merits as individuals, not in a segregated and protected racial economy but in the national economy. But, Principal Howe is to be far more than technical schoolmaster. With the inspiring cooperation of Mrs. Howe, General Armstrong's radiant daughter, he is to become an education statesman. For the opportunity is his and his metal has the true ring. Hampton's Head Was Football Star Dr. Arthur Howe Once All-America Player at Yale By LESTER A. WALTON Hampton, Va.--For three seasons Arthur Howe, Hampton Institute's new president, was a star player on the Yale varsity football eleven. He was its captain in 1911 and that year was named All-America quarterback. A larger opportunity has come to him to demonstrate his capacity and worth as a field general. Greater honors will be his if he reaches his goal. For Hampton Institute is generally looked upon as an important and a difficult outpost of Negro education. Growing out of Arthur Howe's election as the institution's fifth administrative officer is a story crowded with a wealth of sentiment and human interest. It deals with the return to the home of her birth of Mrs. Margaret Howe, a daughter by second marriage of Gen. Samuel Chapman Armstrong, Hampton's founder. She will preside over the "mansion house" as it long has been known, which has as its front yard Hampton Creek, and is only a stone's throw from Hampton Roads, and the spot where the Merrimac and Monitor engaged in the first battle of ironclads during the Civil War. Many alterations have been made on the old "mansion house" since it was bought by Gen. Armstrong at the close of the conflict between the North and the South, but despite its stucco covering and over visible evidence of modernity, in architecture it is still reminiscent of the days when the "big house" was the hub of all activities. Mrs. Howe has come back to the scenes of her childhood--to the old homestead--much to the delight of alumni, student body, faculty, trustees, relatives and friends. Coached Yale Football Team Arthur Howe's selection to succeed the late Dr. George E. Phenix was announced at the dedication exercises held Nov. 29 in the auditorium for Hollis Burke Frissell, Gen. Armstrong's successor, at which Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, educational director of the Phelps-Stokes Fund, was the principal speaker. The information came as a big surprise, but judging from the spontaneous storm of applause the choice is a popular one. Members of the Alumni Association, which interprets the Negro view-point and aspirations to trustees and president, express themselves pleased which Mr. Howe's pronouncements in his maiden address, particularly his declaration that he had come to Hampton with no preconceived ideas as to policy. President Howe was born in South Orange, N. J., March 3, 1890. He is a graduate of the Hotchkiss School of Connecticut and of Yale College. After coaching the Yale football team in 1912, he joined the international committee of the Y. M. C. A. and held conferences at boys' schools and colleges throughout the country. In 1913 he entered the Union Theological Seminary from which he was graduated in 1916. His last position was assistant professor of citizenship at Dartmouth College. On Aug. 16, 1916 he married Miss Margaret Marshall Armstrong. They have five children. Following the dedicatory exercises, the tablet to Dr. Frissell was unveiled on the south side of the Hampton Memorial Church by Mrs. Sydney B. Frissell, a daughter-in-law. It was presented to the school by George Foster Peabody, trustee emeritus and for more than forty years a stalwart champion of Negro education, who told of the many philanthropic projects made possible by a fund created by Gen. William J. Palmer, famous railroad builder. J. Henry Scattergood, acting chairman, who accepted the gift on behalf of the school, Dr. William J. Schieffelin and other members of the board were present. Frissell Honored in Address The tablet is a bas relief, the world of Evelyn Longman Batchelder. The central figure is that of Dr. Frissell in a speaking pose. On his right are the figures of an Indian and of John H. Wainwright, who has been a bass singer in the Hampton Quartet for forty years. On the left are the figures of Dr. R. R. Moton, head of the Tuskegee Institute, a young woman student. Booker T. Washington, founder of Tuskegee Institute, and R. R. Moton are Hampton's two most distinguished sons. "Frissell of Hampton, Apostle of Spiritual Statesmanship in a Mechanistic Age," was the subject of Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones's address. "the Frissell Memorial, presented to Hampton Institute by the Palmer Fund through George Foster Peabody, commemorates a man whose services have profoundly influenced American life," he said. "More than any other man Hollis Burke Frissell was the leavening spirit of activities and movements that have so largely bridged the chasms between North and South and laid the foundations for good will and co-operation among people of all races. Accepting the mantle of the magnetic and forceful Armstrong, the founder of Hampton Institute, Frissell by his sympathetic understanding and spiritual idealism continued the natural evolution of Armstrong's conception of education and deepened and enlarged its great service to the whole of life." Hampton Institute was established in 1868 and Gen. Armstrong was principal up to his death in 1893. Dr. Frissell's term of office was from 1893 to 1917, when he died. He was succeeded by James E. Gregg, who served from 1918 to 1929. Dr. Phenix, vice president, was elected president in January, 1930, and died last October. --N. Y. World A Gifted and Distinguished Woman (Continued from Page 1, Col. 1) only delegate to deliver her address in three languages--English, French and German. When President Roosevelt impetuously undertook to dismiss without honor the Negro soldiers at Brownsville, Texas, it was Mrs. Terrell who persuaded the Secretary of War, William H. Taft, to withold the order long enough for him to communicate with the President, who had come to Panama. This delay was of vital importance to the case of the soldiers as presented to the U. S. Senate by Senator J. B. Foraker, because it enabled Gilchrist Stewart of New York to go to Brownsville, where they were stationed, and get their side of the story for the Senator before the outfit was disbanded. Right after the World War Mrs. Terrell was unanimously elected by the American delegation to deliver an address for the United States at the meeting of the International League for Peace and Freedom, which was held in Zurich, Switzerland. This address she delivered in German because the audience was largely composed of people speaking that language. Dean Briggs of Harvard College, after hearing an address delivered by Mrs. Terrell before the students of Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Mass., said, "Mrs. Terrell has a good presence, an agreeable and refined voice, and excellent command of language, a manner not to diffident or two self-assured, and a touch of that eloquence which seems to go with even the least infusion of African blood." In Ruth Hanna McCormick's spirited and successful campaign in Illinois for nomination to the United States Senate last year, Mrs. Terrell was in charge of the work in communities of color, being herself the only speaker from outside the Senate. HELP THE HARLEM BRANCH of the NEW YORK TUBERCULOSIS and HEALTH ASSOCIATION IN ITS HEALTH WORK BUY CHRISTMAS SEALS 2 ILLUSTRATED FEATURE SECTION - April 19, 1930 The Thirteen Most Interesting Negroes in the United States Continued From Page One in charge of the chorus in Ziegfeld's musical comedy "Show Boat"; and as a story teller he could make Tylor Gordon look like a stuttering amateur. But he is little known outside of New York; even in Harlem there are scores of bright persons who do not know who J. Berni Barbour is! Amazing, but a fact. Nor is he to blame for this ignorance. He is more than pleased to relate stories of his accomplishments and adventures; the trouble is that he is too busy to get out among people. Being unknown nationally, he will have to be eliminated. Now Bessye J. Bearden is known to virtually every mother, father, and infant in New York, not to mention her acquaintance among all the debs and their boy friends, among all the charitable organizations which want free publicity, and to almost everybody who has learned the trick of getting a free dollar by telling a likely-sounding tale of hard luck. And to every one of the thousands who may know her, she is as interesting as a many-sided human social dynamo can be. But, like J. Berni Barbour, she is not widely enough known. And I have no right to assume that because I could spend all my spare time in New York - on those rare occasions when I manage to get there - talking with Besssye on matters of mutual interest, that a majority of citizens of these benighted states would enjoy the same pastime. Perhaps the masculine portion would; but, Mrs. Bearden being a beautiful woman, and women being given to prejudice against beauties in members of their sex, the feminine portion of the citizens would likely vote her decidedly unpopular. So we bow Bessye J. Bearden out. Archibald James Carey, A.M., Ph.D., D.D.. Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, will step aside, please, and wait. Mr. Carver is, to me, one of the most interesting personalities in the country, but of the 112 millions of whites and blacks scattered across this continent I doubt that a scant quarter million have heard of him. He is too important to discard; I reserve him for a future article. Benjamin Jefferson Davis, Sr., has fascinated me ever since I was a youngster on a Georgia plantation but of late his fame has been eclipsed, so he is less known to the new generation than he was to an earlier. Regretfully we let him pass. The Honorable Oscar DePriest will please stay, as will also William Christopher Handy, Maurice Hunter, James Weldon Johnson, A.M., Litt, D., and the Rev. Dr. Mordecai Wyatt Johnson, 3D, S.T.M. D.D. The venerable Robert Russa Moton, A.M. has no place here, being interesting merely as a laboratory specimen; and while Rufus Lewis Milford Hope Perry, L.L.B. should be able to qualify on his name alone, I fear that he'll have to drop out. As a Negro American who embraced the Jewish faith so as to marry a Jewish maiden. Mr. Perry is not without glamor, but knowledge about him among those who mutter aloud when they read the newspaper is too sparse. William Pickens stays, and so does Julian David Rainey, but Arthur Alfonso Schomburg goes. There will be a place for this magnificent book-collector in another article. George Samuel Schuvler will remain in ranks; but Mary Church Terrell because the glamor that once enveloped her faded with a past generation, will please fall out. William Monroe Trotter and Walter White will please fill in the places left vacant by those who have just dropped out. Louis Tompkins Wright is out, too: but we shall meet him in another article. II Now, here we are! My roster now reads like this: 1. Robert Sengstack Abbott, L.L.B., L.L.D.' 2. Nannie Helen Burroughs; 3. Archibald James Carey, A.M., Ph.D., D.D.; 4. Oscar DePriest; 5. William Christopher Handy; 6. Maurice Hunter; 7. James Weldon Johnson, A.M. Litt. D. 8. Mordecai Wyatt Johnson, B.D., S.T.M., D.D.; 9. William Pickens, A.M., Litt.D. 10. Julian David Rainey, L.L.B. 11. George Samuel Schuyler; 12. William Monroe Trotter, A.M. 13. Walter Francis White. Dr. Robert Sengstack Abbott has, first of all, a most interesting middle name. It was this, I admit, which first attracted mu attention to him. Now, a man of such nondescript physical appearance as Mr. Abbott's, yet who is interesting in spite of that, cannot lightly be passed by. His unique middle name, his unique little mustache beneath the center of his nose, his unconscious effort when in public to seem overburdened with the weight of grave matters, his black complexion - these are some of the superficialities which contribute to the interest that surrounds this man. These are the characteristics which first arouse attention, but consciousness, upon better acquaintance, of his solid achievement is what holds attention. As founder and publisher of the Chicago Defender, Mr. Abbott is one of the most interesting men in the country. He arouses my personal interest through his towering vanity; a vanity that causes such captions as the following to be printed on the editorial page of the Defender; Founded May 6, 1905, by Robert S. Abbott, L.L.B." "American Race Prejudice Must Be Destroyed - Robert S. Abbott Publishing Co., Inc."; "Give a wise man a chance and he'll be wiser - give a fool a chance and he'll still be a fool. - Robert S. Abbott." The proximity of the famous name to the latter clause of that typically Abbottonian proverb has no particular significance, I assure you. It was simply an accident. For Robert S. Abbott is hardly a fool. He was barely given a chance, yet he has become one of the best known ad one of the most influential Negroes in the country, and the very idiosyncrasies I have enumerated contribute to the aura of interest that surrounds him. Nannie Helen Burroughs, speaking in Boston before the Ford Hall Forum recently on "The High Cost of a Jim Crow Civilization," aroused more noisy hilarity than that body had seen previously in a decade. Her whole attitude seemed to cry: "I'm a Negress, and I intend to give you folks what you expect me as a Negress to give you. Here it is: take it!" And she did give it. The whites howled with laughter along with some of the colored folks; but most of the colored folks burned with embarrassment. "When she called herself a mahogany blonde," whispered a fair-skinned but race-conscious little Aframerican maiden afterwards, "I almost passed out." "The lady clown," commented another youth, who was challenged by a Burrough defender to deny that, in spite of a vaudevillesque platform manner, she had "put her message across.' Perhaps she did. I am personally less interested in her message than in her personality. It is the latter that renders her interesting. Anybody with any pretentions at all to public speaking can "put across" a message, but anybody cannot, in addition, sizzle interest like Nannie Helen Burroughs's. This interest is intensified by the knowledge that Miss Burroughs heads a nationally known school for girls and that she commands great influence among Negroes, - and a considerable number of whites, - of the country. I have not met any of her graduates, but if they all emulate their noted principal, then there must be just so many more interesting young women in Aframerica. Next week Mr. Gordon continues this fascinating and great article. [advertisements] TIME TO GO - but still time to use MUM Those times when you must be ready in a jiffy! Just time to slip on your dress. Not a moment more to spare - yet you must not chance perspiration offense. Then's when you're most grateful for Mum! In no more time than it takes to powder your nose, your underarm toilet is made with Mum. One dab of snowy cream under each arm and you're safe. Mum doesn't have to dry. It is soothing to the skin, and just as harmless to the daintiest fabric. Mum doesn't even leave the skin greasy. This likable and usable deodorant has removed the last excuse for offending. For it is ready for any and all occasions. It offers you permanent protection for its daily use can do no harm. 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(ROREEN FORMERLY KNOWN AS POREEN) Sloan's Liniment heat that drives away pain SONG OF THE ISLANDS Blues goes hula LOUIS ARMSTRONG'S rhythm triumph . . . No. 41375 "Songs of the Islands" "Blue Turning Grey Over You" Fox Trots LOUIS ARMSTRONG AND HIS ORCHESTRA 75 ¢ OKER 75 ¢ Electric Race Records Oker Phonograph Corp. 11 Union Square W., N.Y THIRTY NURSES GET DIPLOMAS AT FREEDMEN'S Washington Tribune June 10 - 1939 Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, scholar and linguist, addressed the 30 graduates of the Freedmen's Hospital Nurses' Training School at the 44th annual commencement exercises, Friday evening. At the baccalarueate service, Sunday, in Andrew Rankin Chapel at Howard University, the Rev. H. B. Taylor, pastor of the Fifteenth Street Presbyterian Church, delivered the sermon. Dr. T.E. Jones, superintendent of the hospital, gave brief remarks at the graduation exercises, and presented the diplomas to the graduates. The nurses who graduated were: Warsell R. Bolden, Jenkinsjones, W.Va.; Gladys S. Brown, Camden, N.J.; Goldie B. Buchanan, Bel Air, Md.; Nannie E. Coleman, Phoebus, Va.; Sallie M. Cullars, Garfield, N.J.; Lucy E. Fenrick, Cleveland, O.; Wilhelmina E. Ferguson, Charlestown, S. C. Bernice E. Golden, Cleveland, O.; Bessie P. Green, Baltimore, Md.; Eunice V. Hall, Chesterbrook, Va.; Ethelyn B. Hill, Bridgeport, Conn.; Elizabeth L. Holley, Coleman, Mich.; Doris Letitia Hooper, Plainsfield, N.J.; Lyda Frances Lawrence, Philadelphia, Pa.; Bessie P. Lee, Alexandria, Va.; Ellerecia M. Lindsay, New London, Conn.; Estelle Matthews, Rockford, Ill.; Mabel A. Miller, Rendville, O.; Eunice Moon, Pine Bluff, Ark.; Mary E. Morris, West Chester, Pa.; Sally A. Parker, East Hampton, Long Island, N. Y.; Mary M. Perry, Chillicothe, Mo.; Frances Grant Rutledge, Statesville, N.C.; Rubena Sanders, Flushing, N.Y.; Orpha Beatrice Scott, Canton, O.; Ivy Muriel Stephen, New York, N. Y.; Henrietta R. Thomas, Saint Michaels, Md.; Alma G. Turner, Emporia, Va.; Enid B. Williams, New York, N.Y.; Weda Wynne, Paterson, N. _________________________________________________________________________ June 30 1926 Honorary members from California, New York and the Hawaiian Islands have been invited in the persons of Mrs. Lulu McCree of Hawaiian Islands, Miss Marie Bell of New York City and Misses Tobitha Marsh and Nellie Johnson of Los Angeles, California. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D.C., noted lecturer who has traveled extensively abroad and for whom the club was named, will be the principle speaker at the homecoming. Des Moines Iowa [?] Iowa Bystander*] [*News Guardian Los Angeles, Cal July 20, 1939*] Washington's Elite among Visitors Included among the many visitors who are enjoying the far-western hospitality this season is the nationally known character Mrs. Mary church Terrell, and her charming daughter from Washington, D.C. Mrs. Terrill is the wife of the late Judge Terrill, the first municipal judge of the capital city. In her own right, Mrs. Terrill has accomplished much in the educational and civil life of the Washington and the Eastern part of the country for many years. She has been an outstanding figure in the National Association of Colored Women, among having served as president. The many courtesies extended the visitors was a delightful trip to the motion picture studios by Mrs. Thelma Long. A charming affair by the Delta sigma Theta mothers with Mesdames Stella Turners, Nettie Reese, Virtina Gordon and Spiller and hostesses. A Large reception given last Sunday afternoon at Sojourner Truth Club by the Federated Women and Thursday of this week by Mrs. J. W. Joyce is entertaining with a reception in honor of the visitors. Many other affairs too numerous to mention have been given for Mrs. Terrill. While in Los Angeles, the visitors are hthe house guests of Mrs. A. C. Richardson on Washington boulevard. MRS. TERRELL TO SPEAK Evening Star Jan. 4, 1934 Will Address Colored Citizens' Civic League at Greenwich, Conn. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, former member of the Board of Education, will speak tonight before the Colored Citizens' Civic League at Greenwich, Conn., at a meeting marking the seventy-first anniversary of the Proclamation of Emancipation. Mrs. Terrell, who is the widow of Judge Robert H. Terrell, will outline the advancement of colored persons in finance, education, literature and other fields. Evening Star Feb. 7-1934 SUSAN B. ANTHONY TO BE EULOGIZED Senator Capper and Representative Rogers to Deliver Addresses. Eulogies for Susan B. Anthony, sponsor of the woman's suffrage movement in this country, will be delivered in the Senate and House February 15 by Senator Arthur capper of Kansas and by Representative Edith Nourse Rogers of Massachusetts. A 114th birthday anniversary celebration, featuring the re-enactment of her trial for voting, will be held at 8 p.m. on February 14 in Pierce Hall, All Souls' Unitarian Church. The event is arranged under the auspices of the Susan B. Anthone Foundation, with the co-operation of more than a dozen organizations., Members of Committee. Mrs. Anna E. Hendley is chairman of the Program Committee for the anniversary meeting, assisted by Marie H. Heath, Ada Van Loon MacGee, Mrs. P. M. Bailey, Lucy Cooper Shaw, Mrs. D. P. Edgerton and Mabel Van Dyke. Dr. U. G. B. Pierce will give the invocation. The guests of honor will be Theodore W. Noyes, John Joy Edson, former Senator Robert L. Owen, Adelaide Johnson, Mrs. Ellen Spencer Mussey, Judge Mary O'Toole, Judge Kathryn Sellers, Gertrude Nelson Andrews, Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Gans, Miss Belle Sherwin, Mrs. Henry Grattan Doyle, Elice Meredith, Jeanette Rankin, Mrs. E. H. Daniel, Mrs. Grace Morrison Poole and Ellis Meredith. Tributes to Susan B. Anthony and Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, her successor in the suffrage fight, will be paid by various speakers. These include Mrs. Richard W. Hogue, president of the District Federation of Women's Clubs; Dean Grace Riley, Washington College of Law; Mrs. W. H. Wadleigh of the W. C. T. U.; Anita Pollitzer, vice president, National Woman's Party; Mrs. W. K. Dowe, Mary Church Terrell. Jesse C. Sutter of the Citizens' Joint Committee on National Representation for the District, and Charles S. Baker. Trial Scene to Be Presented. The "Trial Scene" will be given under direction of Marie Moore Forrest. Mabel Wren Wilcox will impersonate the suffragist. The principal speakers of the evening will be Janet Richards and William Charles Grace, former State Senator from Michigan. The meeting will close with a benediction by Dr. Bartlett B. James. Washington Post Oct. 12, 1935 NEW BUILDING IS DEDICATED AT TERRELL SCHOOL CHIEF JUSTICE BOOTH SPEAKS AT RITES; DODSON SENDS CONGRATULATIONS. Exercises dedicating the new building of the Robert H. Terrell law school were held last night at that institution, 1922 Thirteenth street northwest, with Chief Justice Fenton J. Booth, of the United States Court of Claims, a former dean of the Howard University school of law, as the principal speaker. Emory B. Smith, of the faculty, was master of ceremonies. The school was felicitated by Thurman L. Dodson, president of the Washington Bar Association, for its achievements during the past five years. J. H. K. Renfro, for the student body, expressed appreciation of opportunity afforded by the institution for evening study. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, widow of Judge Robert Heberton Terrell, for whom the school was named, presented his portrait, which was accepted by L. M. Hershaw, president of the corporation. After response to Judge Booth's words of greeting by Dean George A. Parker, Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, of the Daytona-Cookman Institute, Florida, was introduced as a member of the National Youth Administration. She told of the need of legal leadership of Negro masses in the South, and of the inspiration which Judge Terrell had given toward development of legal guidance in this area. Judge Armond W. Scott of the Municipal Court, a member of the faculty, spoke of the necessity for a professor of law, and a judge, to be thoroughly human in extension of courtesy and respect to those who appear before him. Other speakers were former Judge James A. Cobb, Robert L. Vann, special assistant to the Attorney General, and Perry W. Howard, Republican national committeeman from Mississippi, who formerly served in that capacity. The committee in charge of the exercises consisted of Judge Scott, Benjamin L. Gaskins, Nathan A. Dobbins, Louis R. Mehlinger and Emory B. Smith. Oberlin Alumni Give Party Here Washington Post Oct. 9, 1937 Centennial of Women's Entrance Into Colleges Is Observed Members of the Oberlin College Alumni of Washington gathered last night for a dinner in the cafeteria room of the Raleigh Hotel to celebrate the centennial of the entrance of women to education of college level, in which Oberlin took the lead. As the college is also one which admits colored students with those of other races, several of the colored alumni had part in the program. Mrs. T.E. Whiting, who for six years was secretary to Ernest Hatch Wilkins, president of Oberlin, presided, and brief talks were made by Miss Maud Morlock, of the class of 1911, on "The Place of College Women in Professional Life," and by Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, one of the colored women in the class of 1884, on "What College Education Has Done for Colored Women." Miss Morlock, formerly professor in the School of Applied Science at Western Reserve University, is now with the Children's Bureau as economic analyst. Mrs. Terrell is one of the prominent members of her race in Washington and for 11 years served as a member of the Board of Education. Camille Nickerson, pianist and a member of the faculty of Howard University, assisted by Mrs. J.C. Webster, soprano, presented the musical program. Among the 75 guests were Dr. and Mrs. E. Dana Durand, Judge and Mrs. Ernest Van Fossan, Mr. and Mrs. M.P. Metcalf, both of the class of '85; Miss Mabel Law, Miss Francella McWilliams, Dr. and Mrs. Frederick F. Blachly of Brookings Institution; Miss Edith Gray, of the Children's Bureau; Miss Margaret Hays, Lowell Kilgore, Mrs. Arthur Hummel, Dr. Isabella V. Kendig, Mrs. George Arner, Mr. and Mrs. Harold N. Fowler, Col. Claude H. Birdseye, Mr. and Mrs. Roland S Dyer, Mr. and Mrs. Philip Gott, Mr. Whiting, Donald H. Wheeler, son of the late Wayne B. Wheeler and Mrs. Wheeler. Mrs. Elwood Street is one of the Oberlin alumni attending the ceremonies there. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY, DEC THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES. E. TRACEWELL. Thirteen being our lucky number, we were particularly pleased on Christmas morning to discover that through chance alone we had received exactly 13 books. No matter what else the Christmas tree shows, books always assume major importance in the eyes of one who loves them. What holds many a person off from giving books to a booky person for Christmas is the fact that such persons are known to be particular (some say cranky), and therefore, the would-be donor does not know what to get. While it is always best to find out, is possible, what a particular person wants, there are many times when this cannot be ascertained, for a variety of reasons. The book stores are so full of books, however, that no one should have any difficulty in selecting a gift. This was unusually true this year, what with new biographies, etc. Last year our friends thought we wanted high-brow philosophy, but this Christmas they were in a forgiving mood and deluged us with narratives of speed and sparkle. The 13 volumes are: "Murder Island," by Wyndham Martyn (Robert McBride & Co., N. Y.). "Murder Mansion," by Herman Landon (Horace Liveright, N. Y.). "Voltaire, Genius of Mockery," by Victor Thaddeus (Brentano's, N. Y.). "The American Orchestra and Theodore Thomas," by Charles Edward Russell (Doubleday, Page & Co., N. Y.). "The Years Between," by Paul Feval and M. Lassez (in two volumes, "The Mysterious Cavalier" and "Martyr to the Queen." Longmans, Green & Co., N. Y.). And the following volumes by the master, Alexandre Dumas, as published in the edition of Little, Brown & Co., Boston: "Chauvelin's WIll" (also containing "The Velvet Nacklace" and "Blanche de Beaulieu"). "Agenor de Mauleon" (two volumes). "Ascanio." "Sylvandire." "Black, the Story of a Dog." "The Black Tulip" (also containing "The Ball of Snow" and "Sultanetta") What more could a friend of the great Dumas ask than to have unread so many of his translated stories? There are, of course, literally hundreds of his novels as yet untranslated. Some publisher, in the course of time, is going to make a "hit" with them, we are convinced. In the meantime it is interesting to realize that two Frenchmen have attempted to fill in the gap of 20 years which Dumas left between his marvel- out "Three Musketeers" and the next volume in the D'Artagan series. "The Years Between" offers an explanation of why Dumas left such a space in the life story of his chief character, but the reader will be inclined to take it as gentle persiflage. The publishers have promised two more volumes in the new series, "The Secret of the Bastile" and "The Heir of Buckingham," to be issued January 23 next. It is to be hoped that they will be put out in the same binding that distinguishes "The Years Between," black with simulated label in red, ornamented with the gold fleur-de-lys. It would appear to be a stroke of genius to make D'Artagnan meet Cyrano de Bergerac, hero of Edmund Rostand's great play. Either by himself is enough for one story, but both together ought to be almost too much! We will forever recall our first reading of "Cyrano de Bergerac." At the time we thought it a better play than any Shakespeare ever wrote, and we are not sure even today that we were not right. He who has not read Rostand's masterpiece ought to look it up. The character of the big-nosed Gascon is one of the great ones of literature. The atmosphere of the play, half romantic, half matter-of-fact, is such as to appeal to the lovers of both romance and reality. The feast of Dumas is the last of that writer's works which we have managed to find in translation. "Agenor de Mauleon" looks to be one of the best of the great writer's novels, ranking with "Olympe de Cleves" and "The She-Wolves of Machacoul," two other little known masterpieces. "The Black Tulip," of course, is one of the most widely read, being required reading in most high schools and colleges. The two "Tales of the Caucasus," included in the volume, are interesting as showing what Dumas could do in the shorter form. "The Ball of Snow" tells the legend of inducing rain by reason of a pure young man going to the top of a great mountain and bringing down snow to pour into the Caspian. It is written in a playful style, almost burlesque, very well done in the Oriental manner. "Sultanetta," a tale of treachery, would be horrible if not rescued by the masterly handling of the writer. If you want to know Dumas in an unusual mood, read these two short shockers. The samples of the modern biographical manner look interesting. "Voltaire" was issued a few months ago, and "The American Orchestra" last year. It will be noted with appreciation that neither descends to the use of a flippant title such as mars some of the other biographies now on the market. We regret (before reading) that Mr. Thaddeus saw fit to use the present tense. Such a verb form gives merely a fictitious sense of reality and is disquieting to many. Mr. Russell's book on Theodore Thomas appears to be somewhat less "modernistic" in tone and treatment. It would seem to bring out to the full the tremendous growth of the symphony orchestra in the United States. The two "murder" books are typical examples of the present-day "detective story," which branch of the narrative art has received impetus through the avid demands of readers of all lines of literary endeavor. The detective story fills a genuine need in the reading habits of thousands. It gives a vicarious participation in deeds of action, and thus helps to compensate for the sedentary lives lived by many. The mystery story, in addition to keen narrative, offers the reader the pleasure of participating to an unusual degree in the solution of a story plot. Every such story is solidly based on this fact, one of the main reasons for their perennial popularity. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. To Washington and to the ears of this observer has just been brought the tale of a presidential election bet, declared by its narrators to be authentic in every detail. Its hero is the New Yorker now in the prohibition news limelight, W. C. Durant, the automobile finance magnate. Not long before November 6 Durant--so the story goes --found himself at luncheon in a downtown New York club with a group which included John J. Raskob, the Democratic national chairman. Raskob was discoursing confidently upon Gov. Smith's impending prospects. They were painted in colors of undiluted optimism. Thereupon Durant spoke up. "Johnny," he said, addressing Raskob. "I'll bet you $1,000,000 to $200,000 that Smith won't be elected." The late chairman of General Motors' finance committee is not a speculative person, as a rule. But, having burned his bridges behind him, he had no line of retreat. The challenge was accepted, and, according to the narrative, Durant duly go his $200,000. If he did, the $30,000 in prohibition prizes he's just awarded was small change contributed by his Democratic friend Raskob nearly seven times over. Dr. Richard Schuler of Vienna, known as the hereditary undersecretary of Austrian foreign affairs, is in Washington at the outset of a trip of investigation through the land of American industry. He is a famous character in European post-war history, having been the first representative of the central powers to turn up at Paris after the armistice to initiate the peace era. Dr. Schuler's main object in the early Winter of 1918 was to confer with Herbert Hoover. Austria was starving. Her intelligentsia in particular was im- District of Columbia judge, was the first president of the National Association of Colored Women and the first woman of her race ever to serve on an American board of education. She functioned in that capacity in Washington a few years ago. At the great Quinquennial International Congress of Women in Berlin in 1904 Mrs. Terrell achieved the distinction of being the only delegate to deliver her address in three languages--English, French, and German. In 1919 she was at Zurich as a delegate and speaker at the Inter- national League for Peace. The forthcoming pacifist demonstration against the cruiser bill in Washington is being engineered by a concern called "Washington Council on International Relations." This organization is not to be confused with two well known and highly-esteemed institutions with somewhat similar names-- the Council on Foreign Relations, at New York, which publishes the influential quarterly, Foreign Affairs, and the Foreign Policy Association, headquartered at New York and with rapidly increasing branches all over the country. Just who the "Washington Council of International Relations" is, and what it is, will probably be determined at the impending anti-preparedness orgy in the Capitol. Washingtonians in charge of Hoover inaugural ceremonies are hopeful the President-elect will "loosen up" in favor of a truly joyous affair as the result of his recent experiences among the temperamental Latins. Hoover survived, in both Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro, celebrations far beyond anything his fellow countrymen on the Potomac, and loves them. What holds many a person off from giving books to a booky person for Christmas is the fact that such persons are known to be particular (some say cranky), and, therefore, the would-be donor does not know what to get. While it is always best to find out, if possible, what a particular person wants, there are many times when this cannot be ascertained, for a variety of reasons. The book stores are so full of books, however, that no one should have any difficulty in selecting a gift. This was unusually true this year, what with new biographies, etc. Last year out friends thought we wanted high-brow philosophy, but this Christmas they were in a forgiving mood and deluged us with narratives of speed and sparkle. * * * * The 13 volumes are: "Murder Island," by Wyndham Martyn (Robert McBride & Co., N. Y.). "Murder Mansion," by Herman Landon (Horace Liveright, N. Y.). "Voltaire, Genius of Mockery," by Victor Thaddeus (Brentano's, N. Y.). "The American Orchestra and Theodore Thomas," by Charles Edward Russell (Doubleday, Page & Co., N. Y.). "The Years Between," by Paul Feval and M. Lassez (in two volumes, "the Mysterious Cavalier" and "Martyr to the Queen." Longmans, Green & Co., N. Y.). And the following volumes by the master, Alexandre Dumas, as published in the edition of Little, Brown & Co., Boston: "Chauvelin's Will" (also containing "The Velvet Nacklace" and "Blanche de Beaulieu"). "Agenor de Mauleon" (two volumes). "Ascanio." "Sylvandire." "Black, the Story of a Dog." "The Black Tulip" (also containing "The Ball of Snow" and "Sultanette"). * * * * What more could a friend of the great Dumas ask than to have unread so many of his translated stories? There are, of course, literally hundreds of his novels as yet untranslated. Some published, in the course of his time, is going to make a "hit" with them, we are convinced. In the meantime it is interesting to realize that two Frenchmen have attempted to fill in the gap of 20 years which Dumas left between his marvel-out "Three Musketeers" and the next volume in the D'Artagnan series. "The Years Between" offers an explanation of why Dumas left such a space in the life story of his chief character, but the reader will be inclined to take it as gentle persiflage. The publishers have promised two more volumes in the new series, "The Secret of the Bastile" and "The Heir of Buckingham," to be issues January 23 next. It is to be hoped that they will be put out in the same binding that distinguished "The Years Between," black with simulated label in red, orna- time we thought it was better play than any Shakespeare ever wrote, and we are not sure even today that we were not right. He who has not read Rostand's masterpiece ought to look it up. The character of the big=nosed Gascon is one of the great ones of literature. The atmosphere of the play, half romantic, half matter-of-fact, is such as to appeal to the lovers of both romance and reality. * * * * The feast of Dumas is the last of that writer's works which we have managed to find in translation. "Agenor de Mauleon" looks to be one of the best of the great writer's novels, ranking with "Olympe de Cleves" and "The She-Wolves of Machacoul," two other little known masterpieces. "The Black Tulip," of course, is one of the most widely read, being required reading in most high schools and colleges. The two "Tales of the Caucasus," included in the volume, are interesting as showing what Dumas could do in the shorter form. "The Ball of Snow" tells the legend of inducing rain by reason of a pure young man going to the top of a great mountain and bringing down snow to pour into the Caspian. It is written in a playful style, almost burlesque, very well done in the Oriental manner. "Sultanetta," a tale of treachery, would be horrible if not rescued by the masterly handling of the writer. If you want to know Dumas in an unusual mood, read these two short shockers. * * * * The samples of the modern biographical manner look interesting. "Voltaire" was issued a few months ago, and "The American Orchestra" last year. It will be noted with appreciation that neither descends to the use of a flippant title such as mars some of the other biographies now on the market. We regret (before reading) that Mr. Thaddeus saw fit to use the present tense. Such a verb form gives merely a fictitious sense of reality and is disquieting to many. Mr. Russell's book on Theodore Thomas appears to be somewhat less "modernistic" in tone and treatment. It would seem to bring out to the full the tremendous growth of the symphony orchestra in the United States. The two "murder" books are typical examples of the present-day "detective story," which branch of the narrative art has received impetus through the avid demands of readers of all lines of literary endeavor. The detective story fills a genuine need in the reading habits of thousands. It gives a vicarious participation in deeds of action, and thus helps to compensate for the sedentary lives lived by many. The mystery story, in addition to the keen narrative, offers the reader the pleasure of participating to an unusual degree in the solution of a story plot. Every such story is solidly based on this fact, one of the main reasons for their perennial popularity. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. To Washington and to the ears of this observer has just been brought the tale of a presidential election bet, declared by its narrators to be authentic in every detail. Its hero is the New Yorker now in the prohibition news limelight, W. C. Durant, the automobile finance magnate. Not long before November 6 Durant--so the story goes--found himself at luncheon in a downtime New York club with a group which included John J. Raskob, the Democratic national chairman. Raskob was discoursing confidently upon Gov. Smith's impending prospects. They were painted in colors of undiluted optimism. Thereupon Durant spoke up, "Johnny," he said, addressing Raskob, "I'll bet you $1,000,000 to $200,000 that Smith won't be elected." The late chairman of General Motors' finance committee is not a speculative person, as a rule. But, having burned his bridges behind him, he had no line of retreat. The challenge was accepted, and, according to the narrative, Durant duly got his $200,00. If he did, the $30,000 in prohibition prizes he's just awarded was small change contributed by his Democratic friend Raskob nearly seven times over. * * * * Dr. Richard Schuler of Vienna, known as the hereditary undersecretary of Austrian foreign affairs, is in Washington at the outset of a tip of investigation through the land of American industry. He is a famous character in European post-war history, having been the first representative of the central powers to turn up at Paris after the armistice to initiate the peace era. Dr. Schuler's main object in the early winter of 1918 was to confer with Herbert Hoover. Austria was starving. Her intelligentsia in particular was impoverished and in misery. Schuler had 15 minutes with Hoover at Paris, following the American food administrator's arrival with President Wilson, and within 24 hours food trains were rolling into Vienna. Austrians have enshrined the President-elect among their immortals ever since. In 1921 they paid him the unique honor of naming an asteroid, newly discovered by Austrian astronomers, "Hooveria." * * * * American womankind's most inveterate globe-trotter is the wife of a United States Senator--Mrs. Henry W. Keyes of New Hampshire. A year or two ago Mrs. Keyes--better known in the literary world as Frances Parkinson Keyes--went around the world to write of China, Japan, and India. Now she is about to embark upon a tour of Central and South America. Amply to supply herself with Latin color, Mrs. Keyes will start for the Southern Hemisphere by way of Spain and a visit to the Spanish-American exposition at Seville. Prior to beginning her series of "All-American" studies, "The Senator's Wife"--Mrs. Keyes' magazine nom de plume--will go to Ottawa for the fourth-coming opening of the Canadian Parliament, always a gala event. As on the occasion of her voyage to the Orient, Mrs. Keyes will be accompanied to South America by one of her college-boy sons. * * * * Missouri is to the fore with a candidate for Hoover's secretaryship of agriculture. He is F. B. Mumford, dean of the College of Agriculture at the University of Missouri. Mumford is well known as an agricultural expert District of Columbia judge, was the first president of the National Association of Colored Woman and the first woman of her race ever to serve on an American board of education. She functioned in that capacity in Washington a few years ago. At the great Quinquennial International Congress of Woman in Berlin in 1904 Mrs. Terrell achieved the distinction of being the only delegate to deliver her address in three languages--English, French and German. In 1919 she was at Zurich as a delegate and speaker at the International League for Peace * * * * The forthcoming pacifist demonstration against the cruiser bill in Washington is being engineered by a concern called "Washington Council on International Relations." This organization is not to be confused with two well known and highly-esteemed institutions with somewhat similar names--the Council on Foreign Relations, at New York, which published the influential quarterly, Foreign Affairs, and the Foreign Policy Association, head-quartered at New York and with rapidly increasing branches all over the country. Just who the "Washington Council of International Relations" is, and what it is, will probably be determined at the impending anti-preparedness orgy in the Capitol. * * * * Washingtonians in charge of the Hoover inaugural ceremonies are hopeful the President-elect will "loosen up" in favor of a truly joyous affair as the result of his recent experiences among the temperamental Latins. Hoover survived, in both Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro, celebrations fair beyond anything his fellow countrymen on the Potomac and elsewhere are planning for March 4. Persuasive pressure is to be applied to the shy and self-effacing Californian when he reaches Washington in January. Perhaps the argument may appeal to him that what he "stood for" in South America ought to be no less acceptable to him here. (Copyright, 1928) Effect of Talking Films is Debatable From the New Orleans Tribune California enthusiasts think the talking pictures will make English the world language. "While English may be a hard language to learn," they say, "it must be understood that foreign people are to understand our talking pictures. For a long time pictures synchronized with the English tongue will rule the world, and the world will simply have to learn English in order to enjoy the pictures." We are skeptical. This claim holds more egotism than reason. Foreigners may not care enough about American "talkies" to learn English to appreciate them. It wouldn't be easy if they wanted to. It would be almost impossible, in fact, for the average citizen of foreign countries to learn English through this medium. The talking would, of course, help students of English. But not the masses. We understand, also, that many of our film stars themselves are having trouble learning enough English to make more "talkies." It seems to us more likely that American producers will provide foreign [di?] In the meantime it is interesting to realize that two Frenchmen have attempted to fill in the gap of 20 years which Dumas left between his marvel-out "Three Musketeers" and the next volume in the D'Artagnan series. "The Years Between" offers an explanation of why Dumas left such a space in the life story of his chief character, but the reader will be inclined to take it as gentle persiflage. The publishers have promised two more volumes in the new series, "The Secret of the Bastile" and "The Heir of Bukcingam," to be issues January 23 next. It is to be hoped that they will be put out in the same binding that distinguished "The Years Between," black with simulated label in red, orna- The two "murder" books are typical examples of the present-day "detective story," which branch of the narrative art has received impetus through the avid demands of readers of all lines of literary endeavor. The detective story fills a genuine need in the reading habits of thousands. It gives a vicarious participation in deeds of action, and thus helps to compensate for the sedentary lives lived by many. The mystery story, in addition to the keen narrative, offers the reader the pleasure of participating to an unusual degree in the solution of a story plot. Every such story is solidly based on this fact, one of the main reasons for their perennial popularity. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. To Washington and to the ears of this observer has just been brought the tale of a presidential election bet, delcared by its narrators to be authentic in every detail. Its hero is the New Yorker now in the prohibition news limelight, W. C. Durant, the automobile finance maginate. Not long before November 6 Durant--so the story goes--found himself at luncheon in a downtime New York club with a group which included John J. Raskob, the Democratic national chairman. Raskob was discoursing confidently upon Gov. Smith's inpending prospects. They were painted in colors of undiluted optimism. Thereupon Durant spoke up, "Johnny," he said, addressing RAskob, "I'll bet you $1,000,000 to $200,000 that Smith won't be elected." The late chairman of General Motors' finance committee is not a speculative person, as a rule. But, having burned his bridged behind him, he had no line of retreat. The challenge was accepted, and, according to the narrative, Durant duly got his $200,00. If he did, the $30,000 in prohibition prized he's just awarded was small change contributed by his Democrating friend Raskob nearly seven times over. * * * * Dr. Richard Schuler of Vienna, known as the hereditary undersecretary of Austrian foreign affairs, is in Washington at the outset of a tip of investigation through the land of American industry. He is a famous character in European post-war history, having been the first representative of the central powers to turn up at Paris after the armistice to inititate the peace era. Dr. Schuler's main object in the early winter of 1918 was to confer with Hervet Hoover. Austria was starving. Her intelligentsia in particular was impoverished and in misery. Schuler had 15 minutes with Hoover at Paris, folliwing the American food administrator's arrive with President Wilson, and within 24 hours food trains were rolling into Vienna. Austrians have enshrined the President-elect among their immortals ever since. In 1921 they paid him the unique honor of naming an asteroid, newly discovered by Austrian astronomers, "Hooveria." * * * * American womankind's most inveterate globe-trotter is the wife of a United States Senator--Mrs. Henry W. Keyes of New Hampshire. A year or two ago Mrs. Keyes--better known in the literary world as Frances Parkinson Keyes--went around the world to write of China, Japan, and India. Know she is about to embark upon a tour of Central and South America. Amply to supply herself with Latin color, Mrs. Keyes will start for the Southern Hemisphere by way of Spain and a visit to the Spanish-American exposition at Seville. Prior to beginning her series of "All-American" studies, "The Senator's Wife"--Mrs. Keyes' magazine nom the plume--will go to Ottawa for the fourth-coming openinig of the Canadian Parliament, always a gala event. As on the occasion of her voyage to the Orient, Mrs. Keyes will be accompanied to South America by one of her college-boy sons. * * * * Missouri is to the fore with a candidate for Hoover's secretaryship of agriculture. He is F. B. Mumfort, dean of the College of Agriculture at the University of Missouri. Mumford is well known as an agricultural expert throughout the corn best. He hails from Michigan, but has been at the University of Missouri's farm college since 1895. Mumford came under the President-elect's eye during the World War while serving as State food administator in Missouri. He is a specialist in live stock. Once he wrote a book called "Animal Breeding." Candidates for the agricultural portfolio after March 4, 1929, have seriously to reckon with the present incument. Few men in public life are closer to Herbert Hoover than "Bill" Jardine. They have marched shoulder to shoulder against the grand army of McNary-Haugenites for, lo, these many years * * * * "The Book of Achievement" just issue by Oberlin University in honor of "100 hamous alumni and alumnae" includes one of Washington's well known colored women, Mary Church Terrell, A.B., Oberlin, 1834, and A.M., 1888. Mrs. Terrell, the widow of a former District of Columbia judge, was the first president of the National ASsociation of COlored Woman and the first woman of her race ever to serve on an American board of education. She functioned in that capactiy in Washington a few years ago. At the great Quinquennial International Congress of Woman in Berlin in 1904 Mrs. Terrell achieved the distinction of being the only delegate to deliver her address in three language--English, French and German. In 1919 she was at Zurich as a delegate and speaker at the Internation League for Peace * * * * The forthcoming pacifist demonstation against the crusier bill in Washington is being engineered by a concern called "Washington Council on International Relations." This organization is not to be confused with two well known and highly-esteemed institutions with somewhat similar names--the Council on Foreign Relations, at New York, which published the influential quarterly, Foreign Affairs, and the Foreign Plicy Association, head-quartered at New York and with rapicly increasing branches all over the country. Just who the "Washington Council of Internation Relations" is, and what it is, will probably be determined at the impending anti-preparedness orgy in the Capitol. * * * * Washingtonians in charge of the Hoover inaugural ceremonies are hopefuly the President-elect will "loosen up" in favor of a truly jorous affair as the result of his recent experiences among the termeramental Latins. Hoover survived, in both Buenos Aires and Rio de Janiero, celebrations fair beyond anything his fellow countrymen on theo Potomax and elsewhere are planning for March 4. Persuasive pressure is to be applied to the shy and self-effacing Californian when he reaches Washington in January. Perhaps the argument may appeal to him that what he "stood for" in South America ought to be no less acceptable to him here. (Copyright, 1928) Effect of Talking Films is Debatable From the New Orleans Tribune California enthusiasts think the talking pictures will make English the world language. "While English may be a hard language to learn," they say, "it must be understood that foreign people are to understand our talking pictures. For a long time pictures synchronized with the English tongue will rule the world, and the world will simply have to learn English in order to enjoy the pictures." We are skeptical. This claim holds more egotism than reason. Foreigners may not care enough about American "talkies" to learn English to appreciated them. It wouldn't be easy if they wanted to. It would be almost impossibnle, in fact, for the average citizen of foreign countries to learn English through this medium. The talking would, of course, help students of English. But not the masses. We understand, also, that many of our film stars themselves are having trouble learning enough English to make more "talkies." It seems to us more likely that American producers will provide foreign fialogue for "talkies" marketed aborad. At the same time, we realized this would involve great difficulties and costs. It's a Good Idea. From the Savannah Morning News. They are now talking of "humanizing ichthyology," and the first step, to a raw outsider's view, is to change the spelling of it. Or, that You Don't. From the New Castle News. The only relief from the weather is pretending that you like it. Modern Education. From the Springfield, Ohio, Sun. Many students come to college just to get atmosphere, says a dean at Columbia. Maybe that's why so many get the air, [*Evening Star Sept. 12- 1933*] Mrs. Terrell Speaks at Chicago Meeting Former D. C. School Board Member on Second Parliament of Religion Program Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, former member of the Board of Education and widow of Judge Robert H. Terrell, was a speaker last week at the second parliament of religions being held in conjunction with the Century of Progress Exposition at Chicago. Mrs. Terrell, who lives at 1615 S street, spoke on "Solving the Colored Woman's Problem." She was one of the first two women elected to serve on the Board of Education and held office for about 11 years. Her husband was for many years on the bench in Municipal Court. The religions parliament, which is called the World Fellowship of Faiths, is the second convention of its kind ever held in this country. This first conclave of this sort was held at the World's Fair in 1893. The program which opened August 27 to run through September 17, lists speakers of all faiths from many countries. [*Evening Star Wash Monday Dec 4, '33*] Oberlin College Alumni Mark 100th Anniversary Dr. Allen A. Stockdale Directs Vesper Service and Social Hour at First Congregational Church The 100th anniversary of the founding of Oberlin college was celebrated here yesterday by its alumni with a vesper service and social hour at the First Congregational Church. Tenth and G streets. Dr. Allen A. Stockdale, pastor, directed the service Among the prominent graduates who took part were Rev. Elihu C. Barnard, class of 1860, oldest living graduate of the college; Bradford Bayliss, director of religion education at the Chevy Chase Presbyterian Church; Dr. Frederick O. Blanchly, Brookings Institution. E. Milton Fairchild. educator; Philip P. Gott of the United States Chamber of Commerce, Dr. John M. P. Metcalf, Deane Shure, organist and composer; Prof. Roy Tibbs, organist; Dr. Miriam Oatman-Blanchly, political scientist and author: Miss Lulu Childers, director of the Howard University Conservatory of Music; Mrs. Dorothy Radde Emery, pianist and composer; Mrs. Delos O. Kinsman, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell. educator and author, and Mrs. Estelle Pinkney Webster. [*Evening Star Wash Nov. 30 1933*] Oberlin Centennial to be Observed Here Alumni of College Will Take Part in Celebration Sunday. Many well-known Washingtonians will take part in the celebration here Sunday of the 100th anniversary of the founding of Oberlin College Graduates of Oberlin have arranged a vesper service and social hour to be held at 3:30 p.m. at the First Congregational Church, Tenth and G streets. Prominent graduates of the college who will take part in the program are: Rev. Elihu C. Barnard of the class of 1860. oldest living graduate of Oberlin; Bradford Bayliss, director of religious education, Chevy Chase Presbyterian Church; Dr. Frederick O. Blachly, Brookings Institution; E. Milton Fairchild, educator; Philip P. Gott, United States Chamber of Commerce; Dr. John M. P. Metcalf, Deane Shure, organist and composer; Prof. Roy Tibbs, organist; Dr. Miriam Oatman0Blachly, political scientist and author; Miss Lulu Childers, director. Conservatory of Music, Howard University; Mrs. Ronald S. H. Dyer, soloist; Mrs. Dorothy Radde Emery, pianist and composer; Mrs. Delos O. Kinsman, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, educator and author and Mrs. Estelle Pinkney Webster, soloist. Dr. Allen A. Stockdale, pastor of the church, also will take part in the vesper service. During the social hour Mrs. E. Da Durand, whose husband, now in Geneva, is a trustee of the college, will have charge of an exhibition of historical pictures exposure of these murders in the press of the entire world, and by every means at its disposal. [*Sept 9- 1933 The Boston Guardian 1933*] Mrs. Terrell Still Excels Colored speakers stand high in the World Fellowship of Faiths. At its convention in the Cameo Room of the Hotel Morrison in Chicago they excelled. The Convention represents a cross section of the world, where people of all races, creeds and colors meet to foster a bond of unity and promote fellowship. Two of the best speeches made were delivered by colored Americans, Rev. Howard M. Kingsley, congregational minister spoke on "Darker Races and a Christian World Order," and Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D. C., on "Solving the Colored Woman's Problem." Both were enthusiastically received, the latter being considered the best as yet given before the convention in subject matter, diction and delivery. Every other speaker read from manuscript, while Mrs. Terrell spoke extemporaneously. A remarkable thing in connection with Mrs. Terrell's address was, that in these days when so many "professional Negroes are insisting on the use of the word "Negro" although there fact that she invariably called the race "Colored" and never once used the term "Negro." 21 PHELPS STUDENTS AWARDED DIPLOMAS [*Washington Post June 19th 1926*] Mrs. Mary Church Terrell Addresses Colored Graduates at Closing Exercises. Graduation exercises were held yesterday in the Phelps vocational school for colored, when 21 students were awarded diplomas. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell addressed the graduates. Garnet C. Wilkinson, head of the colored school divisions, also spoke. Dr. J. Hayden Johnson, presided, and the Rev. Robert W. Brooks gave the invocation and blessing. The graduates were: Auto mechanics class-- Avery V. Williams; Architectural drafting-- Addison Benton Clayton and George A. Bowser; machine shop practice-- Robert Butler Bailey; carpentry-- Joseph Patrick Thomas, William Watson, William Oliver Hopkins and Donald Smith. Bricklaying-- Carl Morris Bell, George Sylvester Foster, Vincent Joseph Paul Belt, Vincent Ignatius Creamer, Wilbur Conston Clinton, Joseph Richard Lucas, Charles Turpin and Joseph Edelin; printing-- Leroy Edward Berry, George Wesley Colbert, James Edward Gross, Ruben Harold Cox and William Ody Washington. [*Chicago Defender Sept. 14 1929*] THE CHICAGO May Quit Elk News of the Music World By MAUDE ROBERTS GEORGE Hyman B. Mills, well known baritone of the city, is the new director of the choir at Bethel A. M. E. church. The first Sunday musicale was given last Sunday evening and the noted musicians of the city were present in large numbers to greet him and to assure him of their support in the music of the church. Rev. A. Wayman Ward is an ardent patron of music and the the fine arts and we feel that Mr. Mills will receive his co-operation in every effort. The musicale was a part of the women's day program of the church and the speaker, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington D. C. was secured through their efforts and represented Mrs. Ruth Hanna McCormick. who was compelled to remain in Washington. Her address was, as usual, inspirational and exemplary of her scholarly attainments. Mrs. Patrick Prescott was the gracious and efficient mistress of ceremonies. Odell Stone Gray, soprano, and Alexander Parks, tenor, two of Chicago's outstanding artists, were the soloists of the evening. They were given ovations and sang with fine artistry. Again we remind those who enjoyed these artist to remember them when they are to appear in recital because of their fine accomplishments. Walter E. Dyett, violinist and teacher, accompanied by Mrs. Dyett. rendered two numbers with great charm and finish. The excellent technique displayed in the brilliant Bach number and the beauty and appeal of tonal quality in the first selection, held the rapt attention of the audience even though the number was placed at the latter part of the program. One could appreciate the fact that a musically intelligent audience was present for the occasion. The Allegretto Girls' Glee club, under the direction of Mrs. Elsie Breeding, with Mrs. Janice Johnson accompanist, was a surprise to the audience. Mrs. Breeding is a graduate of Howard university. a singer and teacher, which was the reason for the excellent work done by this group. Their selections were done with beauty of tone which is the result of careful training and attention to detail. Thunderous applause greeted each number and their uniform dress added to the splendid appearance of the group. Mr. Mills directed his chorus in several numbers and he has assembled an excellent group of singers with a soprano of wonderful possibilities. The audience gave the choir a rousing applause and Mr. Mills will be a success as a director as well as one who, by his personality, will draw the best talent as soloists to Bethel church. The music critics of the Bee and Whip were special guests, namely Mrs. Beulah Mitchell Hill and Fridella Pierson. J. Wesley Jones addressed the meeting and extended his best wishes to Mr. Mills. President Jones was introduced to Maude R. George. Mme. Florence Cole Talbert was the soloist at the National Baptist convention at Kansas City, where she went from Fort Worth, where she had appeared upon the national artists' concert for the N. A. N. M. Mrs. Elsie Breeding was the soloist at the meeting of the City Federation of Colored Women's Clubs at Berean church Monday afternoon. She has a beautifully trained soprano voice and chose as her second number "Charity." This was most fitting, as so many of the clubs of the federation are charity clubs. She was heartily received and was accompanied by Mrs. Janice Johnson. One of the important phases of our annual conventions has been the conferences. Miss Camille Nickerson of the faculty of Howard university was in charge and the following well chosen leaders were in charge: Mme. Martha Anderson Winn, Fort Worth, and Miss Mattie Stovall, Indianapolis, voice; Lillian LeMon and Mae Clements, Indianapolis, Piano; Miss Zelia Breaux, Oklahoma City, public school music; J. Wesley Jones, Chicago, conducting; Maude Roberts George, Chicago, national and international artist and their achievements. Miss Nickerson gave the final summing up of all the conferences and the delegates pronounced this session the most successful that we have had in many years. Carl Diton of Philadelphia, honorary president, visited most of the conferences during the hour and a half and gave valuable suggestions and information. The educational feature of the convention was again prominent Thursday morning when addresses were given by Miss Alva Lochead, supervisor of music in the public schools of Fort Worth on "Music In the Public Schools," and Dr. Albert Ventin, professor of hymnology at Southwestern Baptist seminary. whose subject was "Music and the New Democracy." One of the special features of the national Baptist convention musically was the pre-convention concert given at Convention hall, Kansas City. Edward H. Boatner, baritone and director of music for the convention, was a soloist and William Henry Smith, organist of Olivet Baptist church, was one of the pianists. The complete list of those who appeared was as follows: Soloists, Alpha Holmes, Saxie Turner, Adelaide Boatner, Lessie Westbrook, Dorothy Guilford, Juanita Ricketts; violinists, Jules Jones and Elmer Davis; pianists, William H. Smith, Irene Thomas, Algeitha Alsbrook, James Thomas, Ruth Downey, Alberta Fitchue and Ruby Thelan. the mammoth chorus of 1,000 voices was trained by Mr. Boatner, who has one of the best choirs in the city and is doing many unusual things with his singers here at Olivet. The program was one of rare merit and in the special group by our own composers are found R. Nathaniel Dett, William A. Dawson, Edward H. Beatner and William Smith. The Chicago Music association held its regular meeting Tuesday with 25 present. Mr. McCawn, the membership chairman, has been very active and brought in a group of new names, Martha B. Mitchell, president and head delegate, made her report of the convention and Gertrude Smith Jackson, gave an excellent report of the convention as it impressed her. Mrs. Smith is a very capable musician, as has been said before. and she made a great contribution to the convention by her presence and activity. She played the second piano in the concerto number rendered by Mrs. Mitchell as the Chicago representative of the branch night program. J. Wesley Jones. president of the N. A. N. M. Mrs. Ciara J. Hutchison and George Hutchison made short talks about the convention. The Ferrell Symphony orchestra, which is a well established organization of the city, under the direction of Dr. Harrison H, Ferrell, will open its ninth season with a program at Kimball hall Sunday afternoon. Odell Stone Gray, soprano, will be the soloist and her presence means much to the artistic merit of the program. Among the principals of the orchestra are Marjorie Ferrell Lewis, Willie Belle Jones, Ernest Smith, J. C. Lewis, J. Williams Thompson, Richard Mason and Muriel Rose, pianist. Music lovers are expected to fill Kimball hall to capacity upon this occasion. Lloyd Hickman, baritone, who is to appear at Berean Baptist church on Tuesday evening, recently appeared in recital at St. Paul. The following article appeared: "Singing to the delight of an appreciative audience, Lloyd Hickman, Chicago baritone, was received with much applause at St. James A. M. E. church Thursday evening, Sept. 5. His program, which included among its numbers the 'Pagliacci' prologue and descriptive numbers in English, French and Spanish, was climaxed in the rendition of 'Goin' Home,' from the 'New World Symphony,' by Dvorak. Lisowski of the Minneapolis symphony orchestra commented in glowing terms on Mr. Hickman's work, saying, 'He has soul in his artistry. His tones are brilliant.' "Mr. Hickman, formerly of St. Paul, was presented by the Men's club of St. James A. M. E. church, under the presidency of John H. Hickman Jr." Negro appointee on the Civil Service Commission would insure ample justice to applicants for appointment to clerical positions under the government. I do not mean to say that one Negro could work miracles and dominate his colleagues in any given direction. But the mere fact of a Negro on the board would of itself guarantee a square deal to all. To this, no upright and honest American can object. The Negro applicant after fulfilling all of the requirements of tested fitness, is frustrated by subterfuges based upon race and color. This is a national scandal, compared with which the Tea Pot Dome [?], which caused such a wide [?]ld national outcry, is of triffling significance. The national con-[?] is dull to this scandal be[?] the Negro has so far failed quicken the national conscience [?]e moral enormity of it. [?]e appointment of a Negro as Service Commissioner would [?] do injustice to a single American citizen, nor rob any one of his just his claim to appointment under the law. On the other hand, it would go far towards relieving the national government of the moral stigma of cheating its own citizens out of their earned places under the government. Would Be Good Politics From a standpoint of policy, President Coolidge could not make a more happy stroke. He has been in office for more than two years. So far he has not made a single colored appointment. We all re- Mrs. Terrell was the founder and first president of the National Federation of Colored Women's Association. As a special mark of honor and esteem, she was made honorary president for life. The womanhood of the race would feel honored through the elevation of one of their own number whom they delight to honor. The race as a whle could not do a more sagacious and statesmanlike thing than to unite with one voice upon the selection of this distinguished daughter of the race for the position of Civil Service Commissioner. Weekly Lessons In English by W. L. Gordon WORDS OFTEN MISSPELLED Pavilion. Only one "l." SYNONYMS Facilitate, Smooth, ease, extricate, exonerate, free from. WORD STUDY "Use a word three times and it is yours." Let us increase our vocabulary by mastering one word each day. Words for this lesson: INFALLIBLE: exempt from fallacy or error; unfailing. "Show me the man who is infallible." WORDS OFTEN MISUSED "People" and "persons." Use "people" for a large body of persons. Use "persons" for a small or individual group. "The people of the country." "Only a few persons attended the meeting." WORDS OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED "Lithe." Pronounce the "i" as in "lie," the "th" as in "thy," not as in "thigh". For these pupils there are more [?] teachers - 857 to be exact. There is the First Assistant Superintendent with two superintendents to assist him. In addition to the principal of the Normal School, there are the principals of the Senior and Junior High Schools, of the Vocational Schools with three supervising principals, 8 directors, seven heads of departments, together with one assistant principals of the Senior High Schools, 14 administrative principals of the elementary schools, seventeen teaching principals of the elementary schools, three librarians, eight annual substitutes and 784 teachers. There are 42 buildings, some of them the very last word in school architecture and a few not so good, but all of them are in decent repair. So far as their education needs are concerned, therefore, there is no doubt whatever that the colored children of the National Capital are being very well cared for indeed. August 22 - 1925 Baltimore, Md. Page Nine [?]ERICAN Kelly Miller Says From a purely racial point of view the appointment of view the appointment of a Negro as Civil Service Commission would be much preferable to the registership of the Treasury. The Negro appointee would insure simple justice to applicant fsor appointment to clerical positions under the government. To this no upright and honest American can object. From the standpoint of policy, President Coolidge could not make a more happy stroke. Not to do so is poor politics which is the greatest sin which any administration can commit in the eyes of the practical politician. The Civil Service Commissionership Thre is a vacancy on the Civil Service Commission. The position was vacated by the death of an estimable woman who graced the posi- [?] member the heroic support, which this administration gave to Walter Cogen with due gratitude and appreciation. But the appointment of a member of the colored race to a significant position at this critical time would go a long ways towards appeasing the growing uneasiness tion for a number of years. The political leaders among the colored folk are putting in claim for the place for some member of the race. If I am not mistaken, this position was included in Mr. Matthew's seventeen points and ranks among his most courageous and statesmanlike suggestions. Instead of condemning Mr. Mathew for his temerity, he should be commended by white folks for his moderation. His proposals were indeed moderate enough in satisfaction of the demands of ten million American citizens who are as loyal and patriotic as the rest. The Negro politician is hide bound by tradition and precedent. A federal position becomes racialized when once occupied by a member of the colored group. There is no earthly reason why a colored man should not be Recorder of Deeds in the District of Columbia, or Register of Treasure, except that on previous occasions these positions have been filled by colored men. These places have not the least racial significant or importance. It is true, however, that the white race is disposed or relegate to the Negri, whatever advantage he has managed to gain possession of. Segregation Game Government Jobs A white man does not relish the idea of succeeding a Negro. Whenever a member of the race once gains possession of a house, a church, or a school, the white race is prone to concede it to the race as an eternal possession. It is this propensity which aggravates the segregation situation. When a colored resident once lodges in a house, not only that residence but the whole block is regarded as Negro territory. It becomes much easier for the administration to follow precedent in making race appointments than it is to break new ground. We are told that the administration does not deem it feasible to appoint a Negro to the customary position of Register of the Treasury, or Minister to [?] If the race therefore, is to be shut out from its political [?]oom so far as office holding is concerned, one door shut by reason of administrative policy than the Negro must knock hard upon another otherwise all of the doors of hope will be shortly closed in his face. Was Lame Duck Job For Bruce The Negro was first appointed Register of the Treasury without reference to racial reasons. Senator Bruce's term in the Senate expired in 1881. Some place of importance must be made for him according to the political policy of that day. The political pond was big enough for all of the lame ducks. The expiring senator was offered an assistant secretaryship, but declined, as it then seemed unbecoming to senatorial dignity to fall into a subordinate position. He was then proffered the ministership to Brazil, but refused as he did not wish to lose relation with home political conditions. Finally the headship of an important government bureau was accepted as a satisfactory placement. The incident established a precedent. This position was filled by a Negro under every Republican administration from Garfield to Harding. President Wilson respected the precedent, and attempted to follow it, but was blocked by the political narrowness of his southern partizans. Since then the Republicans have adopted the Democratic method. The Registership has been taken out of mourning. The Negro complains [?] his own party has take from [?] that which he had, and has [?] no compensatory substitute. [?]efer Civil-Service Commission From a purely racial point of view, the appointment of a Negro as Civil Service Commissioner, would be much preferable to the Registarship of the Treasury. The places [?] on a parallel in dignity a[?] which two years of seeming unconcern is engendering. The Negro is easily appeased. A few important appointments will easily attach the great bulk of the race to the fortune of any administration, which will make them. The game is so easy that we wonder why any shrewd politician would hesitate to play it. If Mr. Coolidge will accept four or five of Mr. Mathews seventeen points, he would thereby secure the all but solid support of eleven million Negro adherents. oNt to do so is poor politics, which is the greatest sin that any administration can commit in the eyes of the practical politician. Commission Directly Under President There is not the same objection to the appointment of a Negro as Civil Service Commissioner as there might be brought against a member of the race as Register of the Treasury. It can be reasonably alleged that the Negro is no a part of the financial system of the country, and that it will be hard to find a member of the race who has had the training and contact that would cause him to function effectively in the fiscal scheme of the nation. The Treasury department must be in the hands of a high class financier who must have his own policy unhampered by considerations of race or religion. The President must largely respect his wishes in filling places under his portfolio. But non of these objections apply to the Civil Service Commission. This Commission comes directly under the President, without any other intervening agency. The Negfro race has a number of men and women as well qualified by education and experience to fill this position as any white applicants who are likely to be available. It is to be hoped that the colored political leaders will for once u[?] upon a single candidate whose qualifications are unqestions. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell Is Proposed I beg to propose the name Mrs. Mary Church Terrell for appointment on the Civil Service Commission. She meets the requirements from every angle of approach. She is an Oberlin graduate of high scholastic standing. Indeed, she was offered the position of college registrar by her alma mater. She has had wide experience as a school teacher, traveller and lecturer, both in Europe and America. Mrs. Terrell ranks among the foremost women in the cause of woman's rights and welfare, and is so recognized on both sides of the Atlantic waters. She has dignity, grace and natural refinement, and would grace the position as becomingly as any woman that can be appointed to it. Mrs. Terrell is a Republican, dyed in the thread and woven in wool. She is obcessed of a Republicanism that will not let her go. She is as regular as Link Johnson. Mr. Johnson is natural born regular. Mrs. Terrell remains regular notwithstanding all temptations to deviate. Mrs. Terrell is a race woman to the core. She could not help admire Senator Foraker for the brave stand he took in behalf of the Brownville soldiers. But when Foraker split with Roosevelt and Taft, Mrs. Terrell was called upon at a Foraker mass meeting. She took refuge in hoarsness. No greater sacrifice could she make for party regularity than to lose her charming voice in its behalf. She is as keenly conscious as the rest of the failures and imperfections of the Grand Old Party, but she serves it nevertheless with an unswerving loyalty. Women In Politics To Stay Women are now in politics on equal terms as men. There are more colored women than men in the United States. On the whole, they are better educated than the males. The appointment of a conspicuous colored woman to a conspicuous position would be a very signal way gr[?] the enthusiasm of this vast female reenforcement. Columbus Safeguard SPECIAL CHAUTAUQUA DAILY. ESTABLISHED 1870. COLUMBUS JUNCTION, IOWA, TUESDAY, AUGUST 12, 1902. VOL. XXXII. NO. 98 INTEREST CONTINUES TO GROW. Business Practically Suspended While Our Citizens Partake of Intellectual Feast On the Hill. Chautauqua continues to take up the time and occupy the minds of our citizens. Yesterday was a day of rare enjoyment, the address by Mary Church Terrell, the colored lady, in a plea for her race, easily being the best of the many good things to which the audience has been permitted to listen to the past week. Dr. Hindley filled a large part of the forenoon and we have synopsis of his work below. Mrs. Terrell will be reported tomorrow. The moving picture attraction because of a railway accident, did not arrive, but are expected for tonight. Other Chautauqua news will be found reported below. Come tomorrow and the last day. They are especially good ones. SUICIDED! Mrs. Ezra Walker, of Oakland Township, Takes Her Life Today by Swallowing Carbolic Acid-- No Motive Assigned-- Supposed Poor Health. One of those reports that sadden the heart and makes the pen to drag as it prepares for the world, come to the Safeguard as we go to press, news of the suicide of Mrs. Ezra Walker of Oakland township. She was Miss Jessie McCullough of River Junction, before her marriage to Mr. Walker by whom she had two children. These latter she sent to their father at work in the field before committing the awful deed. She is reported to have left a note to her husband. She had been in poor health for some time. She was aged about 27 and was niece of J.B. McElwain and Mrs. W.H. Clark of this place. O.M. Burris Dealer in Marble and Granite MONUMENTS & STONEWORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION LARGE GRANITE WORK a SPECIALTY, LARGEST PLANT IN STATE, 606 JEFFERSON STREET, BURLINGTON, IOWA. Christian man, is in duty bound to be his "brother's keeper." His illustrations drawn from personal experiences among the mountaineers, could not help but impress every person in the audience with a desire to be a fisher of men. There is something about Dr. Hindley that impresses one that down in the soul is a life that lives for God and his fellow men. The audience increased until the those who missed hearing the Doctor Monday missed a rare treat. He is a forceful, logical and eloquent speaker, and handled his subject in a masterly and pleasing manner. To his very large amount of usual work he has supplied every unexpected vacancy. On Sabbath he delivered two special sermons and this morning filled the vacancy in [?] Bible class with a splendid address made upon ten minutes notice. At 10:30 he appeared upon the plat- The prevalent thought in the opening remarks was that every man in this world of talk can and should have something to say and that the crying need was for preparation to say it. He upheld that a man would be the better for his preparation, though he were not able to recall a word prepared. The thoughts would be clearer and words would come to frame them. This was humorously illustrated by the lover who prepares to "pop the question" and his character of the that whenever he opened his mouth he put his foot in it. Dr. Hindley said it would be a good thing if some hasty conversationalists would keep their foot or something else in it all the time. Thus it was strongly urged that we should both think and prepare if we ever expect to say anything. "For no time spent in preparation for the duties of life was ever lost. And preparation to talk is just as essential as preparation in any other line. To this he added the beautiful teaching: Never tell a story with a doubtful moral or say anything that will makes others think minds of our citizens. Yesterday was a day of rare enjoyment, the address by Mary Church Terrell, the colored lady, in a plea for her race, easily being the best of the many good things to which the audience has been permitted to listen the past week. Dr.. Hindley filled a large part of the forenoon and we have a synopsis of his work below. Mrs. Terrell will be reported tomorrow. The moving picture attraction because of a railway accident, did not arrive, but are expected for tonight. Other Chautauqua news will be found reported below. Come tomorrow and the last day. They are especially good ones. Ezra Walker She was Miss Jessie McCullough of River junction, before her marriage to Mr. Walker by whom she had two children. These latter she sent to their father at work in the field before committing the awful deed. She is reported to have left a note to her husband. She had been in poor health for some time. She was aged about 27 and was niece of J.B. McElwain and Mrs. W.H. Clark of this place. GRANITE MONUMENT & STONEWORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Large Granite Work a Specialty, LARGEST PLANT IN STATE, 606 JEFFERSON STREET, BURLINGTON, IOWA. DR. GEO. HINDLEY. BIBLE WORK, DR. GEO. HINDLEY. Dr. Hindley arrived at the Chautauqua grounds yesterday morning find to his surprise, that the bible leader had not appeared. In spite of the fact that the doctor was to give the platform lecture at 10:30, he proved to be the "man for the moment." His subject was, "The church, the public and politics," and his address was the best the bible class has received during the Chautauqua. He enlarged upon the need of the church in the field of personal work involving the idea that the church worker, the Christian man, is in duty bound to be his "brother's keeper," His illustrations drawn from personal experiences among the mountaineers, could not help but impress every person in the audience with a desire to be fisher of men. There is something about Dr. Hindley that impresses one that down in the soul is a life that lives for God and his fellow men. The audience increased until the [?] [?] stilled with men standing out beyond the seats. He took up next the relation of the church and the pulpit to politics, upholding that a man should be a man no matter what the cost, and that when politics bears on a moral question the pulpit should speak, though carefully and discreetly. However, upholding that under no consideration should politics be heard from the pulpit except when special moral question are being considered. At last the time came for his platform lecture and he was compelled to cut short the most interesting address yet given before the class. "O, SAY," BY DR. GEO. HINDLEY. Since the opening of the Chautauqua we have had lectures given by the almost matchless Bryan, upon the "Conquering Nation," by Gen. Gordon on "The Last Days of the Confederacy," Wickersham upon "Sunshine;" all masterly and eloquent speakers, and Monday forenoon we were treated to "O Say" by Dr. Hindtley, and I wish to sayright here, that those who missed hearing the Doctor Monday missed a rare treat. He is a forceful, logical and eloquent speaker, and handled his subject in masterly and pleasing manner. To his very large amount of usual work he has supplied every unexpected vacancy. On Sabbathhe delivered two special sermons and his morning filled the vacancy in the Bible class with a splendid address made upon ten minutes notice. At 10:30 he appeared upon the platform with all the buoyancy and freshness of his nature and took up the subject "Oh, Say," upon the line "What, When and How to Say it." He upheld that it is not what we have, but the use we make of it. He illustrated this by the fact that you may give one man a thousand dollars and he will make it a million. You may fiver another the same and he will be either in a penitentiary or poor house in less than a month. Thus if a man has money and doesn't use it he is poor; if he has knowledge and won't use it he is ignorant. If he has wisdom and don't use it he is a fool. He next enlarged upon the thought that waste of America in novel reading alone would give college education to every man within its boundaries. Life is not a matter of days and years but of deeds and thoughts. This if we want to live we must prepare to do it; if we expect to say something we should get ready. His argument was logical and his delivery was of his own impressive style which brought rounds of laughter and applause from his audience until compelled to ask his ovations to be bottled until he was through. The prevalent thought in the opening remarks was that every man in this world of talk can and should have something to say and that the crying need was for preparation to say it. He upheld that a man would be the better for his preparation, though he were not able to recall a word prepared. The thoughts would be clearer and words would come to frame them. This was humorously illustrated by the lover who prepares to "pop the question" and his character of the young lover giving utterance to his prepared speech, literally brought the house down in laughter and applause. HIs thought was that although the prepared speech was not a success form the literary standpoint, it was from the love standpoint, for "Mary" saw he loved her enough to make some effort to win her. At this point he gave the secret of successful speaking. "If you want to be eloquent , you must live eloquent lives." He illustrated this point that it is the man back of the words that gives the power by a little recitation of financial fact that one man can sign a check and make it worth five million dollars, and another could sign the same check and it wouldn't be worth the paper it was written on, etc. Next, the point, when to say it, was taken up. This was beautifully enlarged upon, and the thought of 'think before you speak' very forcibly handled. This was illustrated by stories such as the fellow who said that whenever he opened his mouth he put his foot in it. Dr. Hindely said it would be a good thing if some hasty conversationalists would keep their foot or something else in it all the time. Thus it was strongly urged that we should both think and prepare if we ever expect to say anything. "For no time spent in preparation for the duties of life was ever lost. And preparation to talk is just as essential as preparation in any other line. To this he added the beautiful teaching: Never tell a story with a doubtful moral or say anything that will make others think less of yourself or any one else. The last diversion of the lecture was how to say it. The splendid illustrations of this point were too numerous for mention. He told of the great events of history when the right word at the right time has moved the masses to action. He also spoke of the need of physical culture as necessary for successful speaking. The body as well as the tongue speaks and should be cultivated. At this point he gave a vivid description of four school children giving a recitation, which was the best piece of work of its kind yet given on the platform. The close was summing up of the lecture in these three points: What to say—Be prepared; when to say it—Be watchful; how to say it—Be yourself. "INEVITABLE WOMSN", By Mrs. Nellie W. NELSON. When Rev. Anna Shaw, one of the (Continued on page 2.) YOU ARE INVITED TO VISIT THE FAIR DEPARTMENT STORE, 203-205 Jefferson Street, Burlington, Iowa. Most Up-to-Date Department Store in the City. DEPT. A Woolen Dress Goods, Heavy Skirting, Silks, Dress Linings, Colored Wash Goods, White Wash Goods, DEPT. B. Bleached Muslins, Unbleached Cottons, Sheets, Pillow Cases, Bed Spreads, Flannels, DEPT. C. Ladie's and Children's Hosiery, Gloves, Embroideries, Laces, DEPT. D Corsets, Childs Waists, Stamped Linens, Sofa Cushion Covers, Handkerchiefs, DEPT. E. Ladies', Misses Children's Knit Underwear, Muslin Underwear, Towels, Fancy Table Covers, DEPT. F. Ladies' Shoes, Men's Shoes, Boys' Shoes, Misses' Shoes' and Rubbers, Shoes for Everybody, DEPT. G. Men's and Boys' Shirts " " Neckwear, " " Collars, " " Hosiery, " " Underwear DEPT. H. Men's Pants, Youths' Pants, Boys' Knee Pants Boys' Suits, Overalls and Jackets, DEPT. I. Men's Hats, Youths' Hats, Boys' Hats, Boys' Caps, DEPT. J TH most up-to-date MILLINERY in the City, DEPT. M. Lace Curtains, Window Shades, Curtain Poles, Draperies, DEPT.N A complete stock of NOT[?]ONS Selling merchandise in fourteen departments and dividing the running expenses in as many parts, enables us to deliver goods to the consumer at a saving of from 10 to 25 per cent. An inspection of our stock will convince you of this fact. H. PARIS & CO., Proprietors I desire to call you special attention to the MISS ONLY AND NICKEL TOM CIGARS They re HAND MADE, long fillers. Nothing being used in stock but the very best old and new cured tobacco, and made by expert hand workmen, consequently no plasters being necessary to help you draw. They smoke just right not too easy or too hard and no tags or prizes given away. For sale by all DEALERS in Columbus Junction. MANUFACTURED by M.W. KLOTZ, Columbus Junction, Iowa. LUNCH ROOM COLD DRINKS and CIGARS. East Side Front Street. (Klotz Room) S.S. WILCOX, Prop. WINONA ASSEMBLY REVIEW. Vol. III.- No. 31. WINONA LAKE, IND., MONDAY AUGUST 5, 1901 PRICE, FIVE CENTS. QUEEN OF HER RACE THE LEADING COLORED WOMAN OF THE WORLD. MRS. MARY CHURCH-TERRILL ON THE "BRIGHT SIDE OF THE RACE PROBLEM." Today appears on the Winona platform a woman who we have as yet not heard from, but who is in some centers of this country considered the "Female Booker T. Washington." She needs not the title to aid her on her way in the intellectual and oratorical world and her lectures are the pure gold with no drops of nonsense. From the minute of Mrs. Church-Terrill's introduction this afternoon, you may know that she will have something to say till the last "thank you." She is paid to travel as a model Eng- "The Bright Side of the Race Problem." Mrs. Mary Church-Terrill, of Washington, D.C., occupies to the educated, intelligent colored women of this country the relation in which Booker R. Washington stands to the African race. She is an acknowledged leader, a woman of exceptional natural ability developed by years of continental travel and study of the languages in Paris, Berlin, Lausanne and Florence. A graduate of Oberlin, she is the first colored woman in the United States to receive an offer to serve on the faculty of a college of Oberlin's standing. She was also the first colored woman to be made trustee of the public schools of Washington. After returning from abroad she taught in the high school of Washington for some time previous to her marriage to Mr. R. H. Terrell, a District lawyer. It was because of her approaching marriage that she refused the offered registrarship of Oberlin college. Her time is largely devoted to work for the colored people, as she is president of the Bethel Literary and Historical society, chairman of the educational committee Colored Woman's League, and leader of a class in English literature made up largely of her intimate friends. At the last convention of the National Woman Suffrage association, held in Washington, Mrs. Terrill gave, under the head of "The Justice of Woman Suffrage," a most scholarly argument. One of the happy features of the occasion was the presentation to Mrs. Terrill of a beautiful marble bust of Harriet Beecher Stowe by the latters' sister, Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker. Mrs. Hooker recently made public mention of Mrs. Terrill as follows: "At a convention composed of the brainiest women of the United States, Mrs. Mary Church-Terrill has proved herself to be an orator among orators. She is a speaker of superior ability, fine presence, and strong magnetic power; graceful, eloquent, logical. Mrs. Terrill is one of the coming women of America." Dr. W. T. Lawson and family of Danville. Ind., have come to their cottage Lake View for the rest of the season. THE WOMAN'S JOURNAL: BOSTON, SATURDAY, APRIL 16, 1904. THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION. (Concluded.) TUESDAY AFTERNOON, FEB. 16. The afternoon was largely taken up with the election of officers. The result has already been published. Mr. Myers of Portland, Oregon, in behalf of the Lewis & Clark Exposition, invited the Association to hold its next annual convention in Portland. He promised in behalf of the Exposition Company three hundred dollars toward the expenses of the convention, and the Oregon E. S. A. promised two hundred. He set forth at length the advantages of the Association's going to Portland, and mentioned that fourteen National Conventions had already agreed to meet there during the exposition. Mrs. Williams of Buffalo gave a cordial invitation from the P. E. Club of that city, backed by the New York State W. S. A., and said that $1,000 was already pledged toward the expenses, if the convention came there. The Corresponding Secretary read an invitation from Detroit. It was voted by a large majority to go to Oregon. Votes of thanks were passed to Buffalo and Detroit. At the request of Mr. Myers, a resolution was passed endorsing the Exposition. TUESDAY EVENING. This was the second Colorado evening. Miss Anthony presided, and spoke briefly of her experience in the first Colorado campaign. Mrs. Isabella Churchill spoke on "How woman suffrage affects women," and Ellis Meredith on the laws of Colorado. Both these addresses have already been published in the JOURNAL. Mrs. Helen L. Grenfell, State Superintendent of Public Instruction for Colorado, said: It is embarrassing to have been brought all the way from Colorado and placed before you here just because I hold an office. The honor is certainly paid to the office, not to the woman. I have held office for six terms, and have done so unwomanly a thing as to vote for ten years; but I never attended a woman suffrage convention before. It seems as strange to me to be here as it would to my husband if he had traveled thousands of miles to plead that he and his brothers might be allowed to vote. It is a cause for surprise that thinking women, able women, wanting to do their best for their country as well as for their family, and able to do so much, should be obliged to beg for the privilege. Opponents seem to be concentrating their attacks on Colorado, and why should they do this unless they fear Colorado's influence? A stranger travelled into the lumber regions, and there was great curiosity as to his business. At last the stage-driver said to him: "You aren't a drummer, for you have no satchel; nor a lawyer, for you don't talk enough; nor a minister, for you cussed when you barked your shin getting into the wagon. What in thunder is your profession?" The stranger answered, "I am a politician." "A politician!" said the driver. "Oh, politics ain't a profession; that's a disorder!" That type of politician is always opposed to equal rights for women. Mrs. Grenfell went on to give her address on "Education in Colorado," which has already been published. Miss Anthony introduced Mr. Henry B. Blackwell as "a man who went to Colorado in the first campaign, in 1877." Mr. Blackwell spoke of the first Colorado campaign. Lucy Stone said, "We must have the Centennial State for woman suffrage," and he and she went through almost the whole of Colorado. John and Margaret W. Campbell devoted a year to the work there, going in a buggy up the mountains and down the valleys, suffering untold hardships for the cause. WEDNESDAY MORNING. Prayer was offered by Rev. S. M. Newman, D. D., pastor of the First Congregational Church. The pending amendments to the Constitution were discussed and acted upon. These will be given in full in the Minutes. The old method of voting was restored, by which in the election of officers the delegates present from any State may cast THE WOMAN'S JOURNAL: BOSTON, SATURDAY, APRIL 16, 1904. over a Work Conference held to discuss the question, "What legislative work shall State and National Suffrage Associations do, and how shall it be accomplished?" In the discussion, Mrs. Helen L. Grenfell asked the delegates to support the bill pending in Congress in behalf of national protection for children and animals. She said in part: "We want to make ourselves a vital moral power, and to take up something that will appeal, not only to the men, who alone can give us the ballot, but to the hearts of indifferent women. In supporting this bill, you will be doing something to show that behind your desire for the ballot is the wish to bring about better conditions. The protection of children appeals to every woman, whether she has any or not." Another work conference followed, on "What organization work shall State and National Associations do, and how?" Mrs. Maud C. Stockwell presided. Mrs. Terrell of the District of Columbia was among those who spoke from the floor. She said in part: "The Colorado women want you to stand up for children and animals; I want you to stand up not only for children and animals, but even for Negroes. You will never get suffrage till you have so far developed the sense of justice in men as to give fair play to the colored race. Much has been said about the purchasability of the Negro vote. They never sold their votes till they found that it made no difference how they cast them. Then, being poor and ignorant and human, they began to sell them. But soon after the War I knew many efforts to tempt them to do so which were not successful. My sisters of the dominant race, stand up not only for the oppressed sex, but also for the oppressed race!" WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON. The report of the Federal Suffrage Committee, written by Mrs. Sarah Clay Bennett, and the report of the Committee on Increase of Membership, were ready by Miss Laura Clay. "An Hour with Field Workers" followed. Addresses were made by Miss Harriet May Mills, Miss Mary N. Chase, Mrs. Priscilla D. Hackstaff and Miss Laura A. Gregg. Miss Arabella Carter and Mrs. Olive Pond Amies were introduced as fraternal delegates from the Universal Peace Union and the Pennsylvania W. C. T. U. respectively, and gave cordial greetings. Mrs. Catt called to the platform Miss Emily Howland, Miss Mary Anthony, Dr. Mary D. Hussey, Mrs. Hannah J. Bailey, Mrs. Amos Brown, Miss C. R. Wendell, Mrs. M. W. Chapman, Mrs. Upton and her "three girls" at Headquarters, Miss Frances Ellen Burr, Mrs. Krebs of California, and Mrs. Emma B. Sweet, and introduced them to the audience, speaking in praise of their work. Miss Howland said in part MISS EMILY HOWLAND'S ADDRESS. I suppose I was asked to speak because I was thought to be filled with reminiscences. I have a good many. I remember Lucy Stone holding a series of meetings through New York State in my youth. My uncle came home and reported that a young woman was lecturing and putting up her own posters; that she was very bright, and he was not sure but that she was right, and what she advocated would have to come. It has proved true. The dawn is now reddening the sky. As John Adams wrote to his wife, those who hold power are always slow to relinquish it; but the light is destined to spread over all the earth. As I think of those three great leaders, Lucy Stone, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, I know what heroism is. We women did not fully realize at first that militarism was our greatest foe. We are always told that women must not vote because they could not fight. I believe they could - I see many women who have more fight in them than many men - but it was necessary that one sex should be told off to foster life, not to destroy it. Our cause came straight from the antislavery cause. All its early advocates were also advocates of the despised race in bondage. Our beginning was not for ourselves, it was altruistic; in trying to remedy the wrongs of others, we learned our own. Therefore it must conquer. Let us not forget the despised race. Our country has grown so great and its problems so complex that we must meet them as wisely and righteously as we can. Neither a nation nor an individual can be really free till all are free. Let us take counsel of our inmost and best. Then we shall feel that we must work for the uplifting of all. Ellis Meredith conducted a "Colorado Question Box." The questions and answers are published in Progress for April. Send 10 cents to Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton, Warren, O., for a year's subscription to Progress, and you will get them, and much other interesting matter besides. Mr. Henry B. Blackwell, as chairman of the Resolutions Committee, reported the resolutions, which were discussed and adopted, with additional ones offered by Mrs. Grenfell and Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead. The resolutions have already been published. SATURDAY EVENING. Prayer was offered by Rev. John Van Shaick, Jr., pastor of the Church of Our Father. Mrs. Evelyn H. Belden made a witty address entitled "The Main Line." Mrs. Harriot Stanton Blatch spoke on "Points from Morley's Gladstone." She said to and toward modern democracy, you will think that the Grand Old Man had no energy left to tackle such a subject as this. Ruskin accused Gladstone of being a leveller." He said he was not - that he believed in the rule of the best, but that the only way to get it was through freedom. He never changed his point of views about liberty. Was he never tempted to do so? Class after class that he enfranchised gave him no help afterward, but the old warrior only buckled on his armor and said, "If I cannot fight with them, I will fight for them." "It is only liberty that can prepare men for the use of liberty," he said when Sir. Frederick Cavendish was assassinated. Gladstone asked what showed people fit for freedom so much as self control and respect for law. When were those qualities ever shown in a higher degree than during the Lancashire famine? And three quarters of those who suffered so courageously were women and children. Mrs. J. Ellen Foster spoke on "Campaigning in the Free States." She bore emphatic tribute to the good effects of equal suffrage on the women. An eloquent address by Rev. Anna H. Shaw successful conventions in our history adjourned. THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION (Concluded.) TUESDAY AFTERNOON, FEB. 16. The afternoon was largely taken up with the election of officers. The result has already been published. Mr. Myers of Portland, Oregon, in behalf of the Lewis & Clark Exposition, invited the Association to hold its next annual convention in Portland. He promised in behalf of the Exposition Company three hundred dollars toward the expenses of the convention, and the Oregon E.S.A. promised two hundred. He set forth at length the advantages of the Association's going to Portland, and mentioned that fourteen National Conventions bad already agreed to meet there during the Exposition. TUESDAY EVENING This was the second Colorado evening. Miss Anthony presided, and spoke briefly of her experience in the first Colorado campaign. Mrs. Isabella Churchill spoke on "How woman suffrage affects women," and Ellis Meredith on the laws of Colorado. Both these addresses have already been published in the JOURNAL. Mrs. Helen L. Grenfell, State Superintendent of Public Instruction for Colorado, said: It is embarrassing to have been brought all the way from Colorado and placed before you her just because I hold an office. The honor is certainly paid to the office, not to the woman. I have held office for six terms, and have done so unwomanly a thing as to vote for ten years; but I never attended a woman suffrage convention before. It seems as strange to me to be here as it would to my husband if he had travelled thousands of miles to plead that he and his brothers might be allowed to vote. It is a cause for surprise that thinking women, able women, wanting to do the best for their country as well as for their family, and be able to do so much, should be obliged to beg for the privilege. Opponents seem to be concentrating their attacks on Colorado, and why should they do this unless they fear Colorado's influence? A stranger travelled into the lumber regions, and there was great curiosity as to his business.. At last the stage-driver said to him: "You aren't a drummer, for you don't talk enough; nor a minister, for you cussed when you barked your shin getting into the wagon. What in thunder is your profession?" The stranger answered, "I am a politician." "A politician!" said the driver. "Oh, politics ain't a profession; that's a disorder!" That type of politician is always opposed to equal rights for women. Mrs. Grenfell went on to give her address on "Education in Colorado," which has already been published. Miss Anthony introduced Mr. Henry B. Blackwell as "a man who went to Colorado in the first campaign, in 1877." Mr. Blackwell spoke of the first Colorado campaign. Lucy Stone said, "We must have the Centennial State for woman suffrage," and he and she went through almost the whole of Colorado. John and Margaret W. Campbell devoted a year to the work there, going in a buggy up the mountains and down the valleys, suffering untold hardships for the cause. WEDNESDAY MORNING. Prayer as offered by Rev. S.M. Newman, D.D., pastor of the First Congregational Church. The pending amendments to the Constitution were discussed and acted upon. These will be given in full in the Minutes. The old method of voting was restored, by which in the election of officers the delegates present from any State may cast the full vote to which that State is entitled. A committee of three parliamentarians, Mrs. Hackstaff, Mrs. Bradford and Mrs. Sweet, was appointed to devise an improved method, and to report it in time so that, if adopted by the next annual convention, it may be used in the election of that year. Mrs. Mary Hutcheson Page presided en. In supporting this bill, you will be doing something to show that behind your desire for the ballot is the wish to bring about better conditions. The protection of children appeals to every woman, whether she has any or not." Another work conference followed, on "What organization work shall State and National Associations do, and how?" Mrs. Maud C. Stockwell presided. Mrs. Terrell of the District of Columbia was among these who spoke from the floor. She said in part: "The Colorado women want you to stand up for children and animals; I want you to stand up not only for children and animals, but even for Negroes. You will never get suffrage till you have so far developed the sense of justice in men as to give fair play to the colored race. Much has been said about the purchasability of the Negro vote. They never sold their votes till they found that it made no difference how they cast them. Then, being poor and ignorant and human, they began to sell them. but soon after the war I knew many efforts to tempt them to do so which were not successful. My sisters of the dominant race, stand up not only for the oppressed sex, but also for the oppressed race!" WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON. The report of the Federal Suffrage Committee, written by Mrs. Sarah clay Bennett, and the report of the Committee on Increase of Membership, were read by Miss Laura Clay. "An Hour with Filed Workers" followed. Addresses were made by Miss Harriet May Mills, Miss Mary N. Chase, Mrs. Priscilla D. Hackstaff and Miss Laura A. Gregg. Miss Arabella Carter and Mrs. Olive Pond Amies were introduced as fraternal delegates from the Universal Peace Union and the Pennsylvania W.C.T.U. respectively, and gave cordial greetings. Mrs. Catt called to the platform Miss Emily Howland, Miss Mary Anthony, Dr. Mary D. Hussey, Mrs. Hannah J. Bailey, Mrs. Amos Brown, Miss C.R. Wendell, Mrs. M.W. Chapman, Mrs. Upton and her "three girls" at Headquarters, Miss Frances Ellen Burr, Mrs. Krebs of California, and Mrs. Emma B. Sweet, and introduced them to the audience, speaking in praise of their work. Miss Howland said in part: MISS EMILY HOWLAND'S ADDRESS I suppose I was asked to speak because I was thought to be filled with reminiscences. I have a good many. I remember Lucy Stone holding a series of meetings through New York State in my youth. My uncle came home and reported that a young woman was lecturing and putting up her own posters; that she was very bright, and he was not sure but that she was right, and what she advocated would have to come. It has proved true. The dawn is now reddening the sky. As John Adams wrote to his wife, those who hold power are always slow to relinquish it; but the light is destined to spread over all the earth. As I think of those three great leaders, Lucy Stone, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, I know what heroism is. We women did not fully realize at first that militarism was our greatest foe. We are always told that women must not vote because they could not fight. I believe they could --I see many women who have more fight in them than many men - but it was necessary that one sex should be told off to foster life, not to destroy it. Our cause came straight from the antislavery cause. All its early advocates were also advocates of the despised race in bondage. Our beginning was not for ourselves, it was altruistic; in trying to remedy the wrongs of others, we learned our won. Therefore it must conquer. Let us not forget the despised race. Our country has grown so great and its problems so complex that we must meet them as wisely and righteously as we can. Neither a nation nor an individual can be really free till all are free. Let us take counsel of our inmost and best. Then we shall feel that we must work for the uplifting of all. Ellis Meredith conducted a "Colorado Question Box." The questions and answers are published in Progress for April. Send 10 cents to Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton, Warren O., for a year's subscription to Progress, and you will get the, and much other interesting matter besides. Mr. Henry B. Blackwell, as chairman of the Resolutions Committee, reported the resolutions, which were discussed and adopted, with additional ones offered by Mrs. Grenfell and Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead. The resolutions have already been published. SATURDAY EVENING Prayer was offered by Rev. John Van Shaick, Jr.' pastor of the Church of Out Father. Mrs. Evelyn H. Belden made a witty address entitled "The Main Line." Mrs. Harriot Stanton Blatch spoke on "Points from Morley's Gladstone." She said in part: MRS. STANTON BLATCH'S SPEECH Morley's Life of Gladstone is a most vivid picture of the growth of a human soul from early prejudices to liberalism. Have you thought that he did nothing for us women? When you see his marvellous growth in religious idea and fiscal ideas, them, [?] liberty that can prepare men for the use of liberty,: he said when Sir. Frederick Cavendish was assassinated. Gladstone asked what showed people fit for freedom so much as self-control and respect for law. When were those qualities ever shown in a higher degree than during the Lancashire famine? And three quarters of those who suffered so courageously were women and children. Mrs. J. Ellen Foster spoke on "Campaigning in the Free States." She bore emphatic tribute to he good effects of equal suffrage on the women. An eloquent address by Rev. Anna H. Shaw closed the program; and one of the most successful conventions in our history adjourned. VOL. XIV. NO. 49 NEWS FROM THE NATION'S CAPITAL Silver Anniversary of Judge and Mrs. Terrell. EVENT OF THE SOCIAL SEASON POPULAR JURIST AND WIFE RECIPIENTS OF MANY PRESENTS. DR. JAMES E. SHEPARD TO CONFER WITH COMMISSIONERS OF EDUCATION NOVEMBER 21-24. Washington, D.C., Nov. 8. - The most notable social event in the annals of the nation's capital was the "silver anniversary" of the marriage of Judge and Mrs. Robert Herberton Terrell, which took place at their stately home, 1323 T street, Saturday evening, October 28. From 8 to 12 o'clock a steady stream of friends came to offer congratulations and wishes for many more years of happiness in the future. In the receiving line, assisting the "high attracting parties" in welcoming the host, were the two accomplished daughters of Judge and Mrs. Terrell, Misses Mary and Phyllis, Miss Annette Claire Church, the sister of Mrs. Terrell, Mrs. R. R. Church, Jr., her sister-in-law, and little Sarah Roberts, the three-year-old daughter of Mrs. Church the flower girl of the occasion. The guests included hundreds of the leading figures in the social, business, professional, religious and educational life of Washington. The house was beautifully decorated. Great masses of chrysanthemums and foliage with rich autumnal colors were tastefully arranged on mantle and chandlier. Tall, graceful palms, mingled with garlands of purple gold were banked in the alcove of the drawing room. The array of presents was the grandest that Washington has ever seen on a similar occasion. Every conceivable design know to the silversmith's art seemed to have been drawn upon in this expression of good will toward the distinguished jurist and his charming wife. Gifts representing rare taste and value were assembled from every section of the land, North, South, East and West, with an enormous number from the friends at home, testifying to the hearty appreciation of Judge and Mrs. Terrell among their immediate neighbors. One of the leading jewelers of Washington stated that he had received on one day more orders for presents for the Terrells than from all other customers combined. To select the principal gifts from the dazzling array would be difficult, and to present a complete list would require columns; hence, observers were content to notice the most expensive of the offerings were from the family of the Terrells and from close friends of many year's standing. The massive hammered silver punch-bowl from Mr. and Mrs. R. R. Church, Jr., and the stately silver vase from Mrs. Josiah T. Settle of Memphis, Tenn., were particularly noticeable in the wonderful rich collection. The presents ran the gamut of the beautiful, ornamental and praltical, there was something for any and every occasion, and plenty of each kind. Judge and Mrs. Terrell hold a warm place in the affections of all the people of Washington and of the nation. They have rendered faithful service, and their lives have been inspiring examples to the youth of the race. They have kept closely in touch with both the masses and the classes, fair and just alike to each. They have held high office, and have administered their every function as a public trust. It was fitting therefore - a circumstance of universal gratification - that the silver anniversary of this distinguished couple should have been the grandest social affair among our people that the nation's capital has ever witnessed. Booker T. Washington say. Texas Freeman Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, who has been spending a portion of the school term at Oberlin, Ohio, where her daughters, Misses Mary and Phyllis, are students, returned to the city last week, and will remain several weeks. While sojourning in the Middle West, Mrs. Terrell filled a number of important lecture engagements, speaking invariably to large and [?] audiences. The [?] more attractive nor a [?] and convincing speaker [?], and her services a [?] everywhere. [?] Terrell have [?] Serious ______________________________________________________________ LOS ANGELES, CAL., JUNE 18, 1915 The New Age- MRS. TERRELL TO-NIGHT CITY WILL HEAR MOST ELOQUENT LEADER OF THE SEX. Societies and Individuals in Rush For Seats. The one appearance of Mrs. M.C. Terrell at the First A.M.E. church, corner of 8th and Towne Ave. tonight, will probably draw a record gathering, for people of both races are clamoring to avail themselves of this one opportunity. The Oberlin Alumni will attend to honor the most famous speaker of her sex. Women's clubs and other organizations will have large numbers present and the social aspect of this offering of the Dumas Lyceum Bureau will be an additional pleasure to the eloquence of Mrs. Terrell. Just from the Woman's International Convention of Missions where she delivered four of the main addresses, Mrs. Terrell's one address here is expected to be the climax of her Western expressions and will give invaluable thoughts upon the problems of Race women and of the whole Race itself. ______________________________ COLORED ORATOR TO TALK. Wife of Washington Judge, Herself Widely Known as Linguist, Will Lecture Friday. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell Of Washgton, D.C., widely known as a [?] colored woman, will deliver address at the A.M.E. Church, ___________________________________________________________________ JUNE 16, 1915.-(PART II.) Eighth street and Towne avenue, Friday evening on the "Progress and Problem of the Colored Woman." Mrs. Terrell is a linguist and orator of international reputation. She had the distinction of being the only member of the International Congress of Women in 1904 to deliver addresses in Berlin, in German, in Rome, in Italia; Paris in French and London in English. She has served as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Washington public schools, was the first president of the National Association of Colored Women's Club and is married to Judge Terrell, the Harvard man who is the only colored judge up on the Washington bench. This is her first visit to the Coast. She was called to the Panama exposition to address the International Congress of Woman's Missions and the address Friday will be her only appearance here. ___________________________________________________________________________ Santiseptic for a Perfect Complexion. Preserves, beautifies, softens, whitens, prevents and rapidly clears skin of all eruptions. You'll like its cleanly, healthy odor. 50c. All druggists. If it's the skin - use Santiseptic. VOLUME XXX NUMBER 26 [*[The Freeman]*] NEWS OF THE NATION'S CAPITAL! Mrs. Mary Church Terrell Delivers Address at Commencement Exercises of the Baltimore High School MRS. COOK RE-APPOINTED ON SCHOOL BOARD! Mrs. Mary B. Talbert has Collected Half the Amount Due on the Old Frederick Douglass Homestead at Anacostia - The Washington Eagle is Waging an Earnest Fight Against the Unjust Appointments and Promotions in the Public Schools. The Smart Set Company are at the Howard Theatre. (By R. W. Thompson.) Bureau of The Freeman 1223 S Street, N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C., June 27. - Mrs. Mary Church Terrell made a magnificent speech at the commencement exercises of the high and training school in Baltimore last week. The address breathed such a lofty note of Negro progress and was so prophetic of a larger liberty and a more assured place in American civilization and citizenry, following the showing the race is certain to make in the present conflict, that it frightened out of his wits the bourbon official who came to the affair to represent the mayor. The declaration made by this irate scion of the past that the Negro need not hope for larger liberties than the race enjoyed today and that we have now more liberty than we know what to do with, or words to that effect, were roundly hissed, while the patriotic and well-poised utterances of Mrs. Terrell were applauded to the echo by the 2,000 representative colored people in the hall. Mrs. Terrell is always a pleasing and judicious speaker and there was nothing in her address to arouse antagonism from any reasonable quarter. That she wished to inspire hope in the hearts of the boys and girls starting out in life's battle was natural. It was proper to hold out the belief that a brighter day is to dawn for the down-trodden race. This Mrs. Terrell did in style that could not have been improved upon for tact, graciousness and dignity. Baltimore gained much by hearing Mrs. Terrell. The Monumental City was humiliated, however, by the assinine exhibition of racial narrowness made by a city official whose tenure can not be ended too soon for the good of the community he misrepresents. *** Mrs. Coralie Franklin Cook has been reappointed as a member of the board of education. She completes her first term of three years June 30, and is one of the very few colored members to be commissioned by a reappointment. Mrs. Cook is a cultured lady, a conscientious worker and a diligent advocate of the best educational methods for every kind and condition of humanity. She is the wife of Prof. G.W. Cook of Howard Universtiy. The only criticism that is made of Mrs. Cook's selection is that she is an ardent supporter of Assistant Superintendent Roscoe Conkling Bruce, who is not wanted by the rank and file of the race as the nominal head of the colored schools of the district. As far as the public is apprised, however, the opponents of the Bruce machine did not offer the name of any of their adherents as a candidate to succeed Mrs. Cook, as they should have done had they the courage of their convictions and sincerely wished for the appointment of a member who would favor the ousting of Bruce. Mrs. Cook was loyal to Dr. Van Schaick, the energetic president of the board, and voted with him in his effort to defeat the re-election of Supt. E.E. Thurston. The two white members of the board, up for reappointment, were not retained. The new members are George E. Hamilton, president of the Capital City Traction Company, known far and wide for his sturdy resistance of the agitation of the Heflins in congress to fasten a Jim Crow car line upon the District, and Prof. Henry Barrett Learned, an educator of renown, who has won degrees from both Harvard and Yale. *** "How far is the Epsilon Boule (pronounced Boo-lay) influencing appointments and transfers in the colored schools?" is a question that congress may be asked to investigate, if the plans of certain well-known citizens bear fruit. The charge is openly made that the Boule is a secret, oath-bound college fraternity, which is seeking to control the inner workings of the colored end of the school system and to bolster up the decadent fortunes of the Bruce machines therein. Mr. Bruce and a number of his teachers, as well as a group of Howard University attaches, are said to be members of the this close-corporation fraternity. It is said that if "frats" are to be debarred from the schools as an evil, attention should be paid to this Boule, which is described as a more dangerous menace to proper administration than those conducted by the pupils. A list of the membership of the Boule has been promised us and we shall give it to the public as soon as it is received. The local papers have been giving the Boule "down the country" lately, and the "frat" is said to be frying uneasily on the griddle of community censure. *** Mrs. Mary B. Talbert reports that she has succeeded in collecting half of the amount due on the old Douglass homested at Anacostia. She has turned over to the financial officers of the Frederick Douglass Home Association $2,100. She is to inaugurate another "drive" with a view of raising a like sum to liquidate the $4,200 mortgage. The campaign is under the auspices of the National Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, of which Mrs. Talbert is president. The president of the District of Columbia Federation is Miss Marie A.D. Madre, who has rendered efficient service in promoting the work of the national body, while caring for special local needs and interests. *** The Washington Eagle is making an earnest fight against the unjust system of promotions and appointments in vogue in the schools. The entire system is badly in need of a thorough investigation. The closing of grades in the colored schools is being protested against, not only in that it [???????????????????????????? the teacher?] fers, illegal details to desirable posts, private examinations for some and competitive tests for others, and a long list of grievances of a piece with these, are lodged against the Bruce administration. If the discontent continues at the rate now noticeable, a congressional investigation can not much longer be staved off. *** The boys at the Fort Des Moines training camp report that they are living the strenuous life, but are pulling for the commissions and are doing their level best to abide by the rigors of army fare. Society budlets, school teachers and desk habitues find it pretty tough with 5:30 as the rising hour in the morning and a continuous going until 9:45 at night, with but a few rest intervals in between. It is whispered that a few may fall by the wayside and return to that "Dear U street stroll." *** Mrs. Eliza Lyons widow of the late Jacob Lyons and devoted mother of Mrs. Bessie B. Anderson, grandmother of Lillian S. Williams, Marjorie J. Wormley and Clifton C. Anderson, died Monday, June 25, at the family residence, 1937 Thirteenth street, Northwest, after a long and painful illness. The deceased was a former resident of Texas and the papers of the Lone Star State are asked to make due notice of her demise. The funeral arrangements had not been made when this letter was released for publication. Particulars later. *** Mrs. Lelia Coleman Walters, widow of the late Bishop Alexander Walters, is expected in the city shortly for a brief visit to friends. *** The Wage-Earners' Association has leased the commodious building at 704 T street, Northwest, and will use it as a permanent headquarters for the organization. Miss Jeannette Carter is president of the Wage-Earners' Association. Jottings of the Passing Show Mrs. Mary B. Talbert has Collected Half the Amount Due on the Old Frederick Douglass Homestead at Anacostia—The Washington Eagle is Waging an Earnest Fight Against the Unjust Appointments and Promotions in the Public Schools The Smart Set Company are at the Howard Theatre. (By R. W. Thompson.) Bureau of The Freeman, 1223 S Street, N. W. WASHINGTON, D.C., June 27,—Mrs. Mary Church Terrell made a magnificent speech at the commencement exercises of the high and training school in Baltimore last week. The address breathed such a lofty note of Negro progress and was so prophetic of a larger liberty and a more assured place in American civilization and citizenry, following the showing the race is certain to make in the present conflict, that it frightened out of his wits the bourbon official who came to the affair to represent the mayor. The declaration made by this irate scion of the past that the Negro need not hope for larger liberties than the race enjoyed today and that we have now more liberty than we know what to do with, or words to that effect, were roundly hissed, while the patriotic and well-poised utterances of Mrs. Terrell were applauded to the echo by the 2,000 representative colored people in the hall. Mrs. Terrell is always a pleasing and judicious speaker and there was nothing in her address to arouse antagonism from any reasonable quarter. That she wished to inspire hope in the hearts of the boys and girls starting out in life's battle was natural. It was proper to hold out the belief that a brighter day is to dawn for this down trodden race. This Mrs. Terrell did in a style that could not have been improved upon for tact, graciousness and dignity. Baltimore gained much by hearing Mrs. Terrell. The Monumental City was humiliated, however, by the assinine exhibition of racial narrowness made by a city official whose tenure can not be ended too soon for the good of the community he misrepresents. Mrs. Coralie Franklin Cook has been reappointed as a member of the board of education. She completes her first term of three years June 30, and is one of the very few colored members to be commissioned by a reappointment. Mrs. Cook is a cultured lady, a conscientious worker and a diligent advocate of the best educational methods for every kind and condition of humanity. She is the wife of Prof. G. W. Cook of Howard University. The only criticism that is made of Mrs. Cook's selection is that she is an ardent supporter of Assistant Superintendent Roscoe Conkling Bruce, who is not wanted by the rank and file of the race as the nominal head of the colored schools of the district. As far as the public is apprised, however, the opponents of he Bruce machine did not offer the name of any of their adherents as a candidate to succeed Mrs. Cook, as they should have done had they the courage of their convictions and sincerely wished for the appointment of a member who would favor the ousting of Bruce. Mrs. Cook was loyal to Dr. Van Schaick, the energetic president of the board, and voted with him in his effort to defeat the re-election of the Supt. E. L. Thurston. The two white members of the board, up for reappointment, were not retained. The new members are George E. Hamilton, president of the Capital City Traction Company, known far and wide for his sturdy resistance of the agitation of the Heflins in congress to fasten a Jim Crow car line upon the District, and Prof. Henry Barret Learned, an educator of renown, who has won degrees from both Harvard and Yale. "How far is the Epsilon Boule (pronounced Boo-lay) influencing appointments and transfers in the colored schools?" is a question that congress may be asked to investigate, if the plans of certain well-known citizens bear fruit. The charge is openly made that the Boule is a secret, oathbound college fraternity, which is seeking to control the inner workings of the colored end of the school system and to bolster up the decadent fortunes of the Bruce machines therein. Mr. Bruce and a number of his teachers, as well as a group of Howard University attaches, are said to be members of this close-corporation fraternity. It is said that if "frats" are to be debarred from the schools as an evil, attention should be paid to this Boule, which is described as a more dangerous menace to proper administration than those conducted by the pupils. A list of the membership of the Boule has been promised us and we shall give it to the public as soon as it is received. The local papers have been giving the Boule "down the country" lately, and the "frat" is said to be frying uneasily on the griddle of community censure. Mrs. Mary B. Talbert reports that she has succeeded in collecting half the amount due on the old Douglass homestead at Anacostia. She has turned over to the financial officers of the Frederick Douglass Home Association $2,100. She is to inaugurate another "drive" with a view of raising a like sum to liquidate the $4,200 mortgage. The campaign is under the auspices of the National Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, of which Mrs. Talbert is president. The president of the District of Columbia Federation is Miss Marie A. D. Madre, who has rendered efficient service in promoting the work of the national body, while caring for the special local needs and interests. The Washington Eagle is making an earnest fight against the unjust system of promotions and appointments in vogue in the schools. The entire system is badly in need of a thorough investigation. The closing of grades in the colored schools is being protested against, not only in that it makes double work for the teacher with an extra large number of pupils crowded into a single class, but reduces the opportunities by half of the appointment of normal school girls to positions in the schools. Fake transfers, illegal details to desirable posts, private examinations for some and competitive tests for others, and a long list of grievances of a piece with these, are lodged against the Bruce administration. If the discontent continues at the rate now noticeable, a congressional investigation can not much longer be staved off. The boys at the Fort Des Moines training camp report that they are living the strenuous life but are pulling for commissions and are doing their level best to abide by the rigors of army fare. Society budlets, school teachers and desk habitues find it pretty tough with 5:30 as the rising hour in the morning and a continuous going until 9:45 at night, with but a few rest intervals between. It is whispered that a few may fall by the wayside and return to that "Dear U street stroll." Mrs. Eliza Lyons, widow of the late Jacob Lyons and devoted mother of the Mrs. Bessie B. Anderson, grandmother of Lillian S. Williams, Marjorie J. Wormley and Clifton C. Anderson, died Monday, June 25, at the family residence, 1937 Thirteenth street, Northwest, after a long and painful illness. The deceased was a former resident of Texas and the papers of the Lone Star State are asked to make due notice of her demise. The funeral arrangements had not been made when this letter was released for publication. Particulars later. Mrs. Lelia Coleman Walters, widow of the late Bishop Alexander Walters, is expected in the city shortly for a brief visit to friends. The Wage-Earners' Association has leased the commodious building at 701 T street, Northwest, and will use it as a permanent headquarters for the organization. Miss Jeannette Carter is president of the Wage-Earners' Association. Jottings of the Passing Show 2 LAT MAKES STRONG PLEA FOR NEGRO Mrs. Mary C. Terrell Speaker at the Open Forum. That a large part of the work done by the abolitionists and the Northern soldiers in freeing the Negro from slavery had been undone was the startling statement of Mrs. Mary C. Terrell an orator and champion of her race in an intensely interesting and and thought-provoking address at the open civic forum at the First Universalist Church last evening. She presented anything but encouraging pictures of the social and industrial opportunities of her race, throwing in but little that presented the happier side of the life and prospects of the Negro race. She made a strong plea for equality of all races and an equal opportunity for every child born in this Country, whether he has a dark skin or a fair skin, presenting this as the solution of the problem. Willis B. Hall, president of the Congress Square Associates under the auspices of which the forum is held, presided and prayer was offered by Rev. James F. Albion, D. D. pastor of the church. Kari Lester Tower, the forum organist, played Andante in G by Batiste as a prelude, Le Chant de Bonheur by Lamare as an offertory, and Callaerts' postlude in A minor as a postlude. Mr. Hamm announced as the speaker next Sunday evening A. J. Philpot of Boston, a newspaperman whose subject will be Newspapers and the Questions of the Day. After introducing her subject, Uncle Sam and the Sons of Ham, stating that she was to speak on "the real ham what am," Mrs. Terrell referred to the 300 years of slavery of her race and the 50 years which have followed their emancipation as a race, adding that "as the story of slavery is one of the saddest stories of history, so the story of the reclamation of the race is one of the happiest." She referred to the three steps of emancipation, education and elevation of the Negro race, and the sacrifice and suffering of the people of the North. She asked if as a beneficiary the colored race has failed to show its appreciation and respond to the uplift given. The Negro as a student, in business and finance, in patriotism, and in citizenship, was presented to the audience. Illiteracy, she stated, was reduced to 31.4 per cent in the race, honors at Harvard, Yale and other universities and colleges have been won again and again by the Negro young men and young women; Negroes today own a billion dollars' worth of property; there ae 40,000 teachers, 4,000 practicing medicine and as many engaged in law. One-half of the cotton is cultivated by the Negro, one-third of the tobacco, and a great deal of the sugar and rice. "It would seem," added Mrs. Terrell, "that the work of the colored people was meeting the most exacting demand of their friends. But this has required great courage, but also a spirit of hopefulness. There has been much that has been discouraging. It would seem literally as impossible for a camel with a hump to get through the eye of a cambric needle as for a colored man to get a position that is not open to him. And now many people who had before been loath are now forced to admit the progress of the race. "And yet, the interest which was once manifested by the North is less than it was and I sometimes hear it is reaching the vanishing point. The public press is averse to publishing articles presented for publication relative to many phrases of the Negro race question, and the American press is determined that the American people shall not know the truth about the colored race." Mrs. Terrell compared the attitude of the people now with that at the time of the Civil War. She spoke of the Constitutional amendment which conferred upon the colored race the elective franchise, adding that this privilege is denied members of her race. "And yet, when a colored person speaks of it as not being realized he is accused of waving the bloody shirt or raising the race problem. I know there are many wiser and greater people than I who say it was a mistake to confer suffrage franchise upon the colored TONIGHT'S EVENTS. Keiths--Vaudeville and Pictures. Portland--Vaudeville and Pictures. Strand--Pictures. Empire--Pictures. Greelys--Vaudeville and Pictures. Elm--Pictures. F. & A. M.--Portland Council. F. & A. M. --Deering Lodge. N. E. O. P.--Cumberland Lodge. I. O. O. F.--Maine Lodge. I. O. O. F.--Hadattah Lodge. K. of P.--Munjoy Lodge. L. O. R. M.--Masconomo Tribe. L. O. R. M.--Portland Council. U. O. G. C.--Ocean View Commandery. G. A. R.--Thatcher Post. Carpenters Local Union. S. of V.--Shepley Auxiliary U. O. G. C.--East Deering Com- race. But it is in the Constitution and should be enforced or repealed. I have not time to discuss it, but why should Charles Sumner and other men of earlier days have stood for it if it was wrong? You know there are thousands of colored men who would take their lives in their hands if they attempted to vote, yet many others who are vicious and otherwise unfit are given the right. It doesn't take any great profundity or perspicacity to see that the abrogation of one law leads to the annuling of other laws." Reference was made by Mrs. Terrell to the lynchings of Negroes, adding, "We are hanged and burned to the stake and flayed every day, and the murderers are allowed to go unpunished." Speaking of the offenses charged to the Negro, Mrs. Terrell asked her hearers to remember that it was always a "big, black, burly brute" that is described in the newspapers. She told of instances where white men had blacked up with lamp black and gone forth to assault and to steal, evading detection and throwing suspicion upon the Negro race by their blacking their faces. Mrs. Terrell spoke interestingly and yet with a touch of pathos of effort of colored parents to bring up their children with the ideals which they wish them to have. She referred to the conditions under which colored people are forced to live in most of the American cities, and of their need of help in overcoming influences which would drag them down. The speaker referred to the "thorny path of limitation and proscription" ahead of the colored youth, adding that many colored mothers look forward with fear for their boys. In closing Mrs. Terrell said: "we are preaching the dignity of labor, that the occupation does not make the man, but the man the occupation. We are teaching the people of our downtrodden race to be industrious, to judge their neighbors by intrinsic merit rather than by the ad- gress Square Associates, under the auspices of which the forum is held, presided and prayer was offered by Rev. James F. Albion, D.D., past of the church. Karl Lester Tower, the forum organist, played Andante in G by Batiste as a prelude, Le Chant de Bonheur by Lamare as an offertory, and Callaerts' postlude in A minor as a postlude. Mr. Hamm announced as the speaker next Sunday evening A. J. Philpot of Boston, a newspaperman, whose subject will be Newspapers and the Questions of the Day. After introducing her subject, Uncle Sam and the Sone of Ham, stating that she was to speak on "the real Ham what am," Mrs. Terrell referred to the 300 years of slavery of her race and the 50 years which have followed their emancipation as a race, adding that "as the story of slavery is one of the saddest stories of history, so the story of the reclamation of the race is one of the happiest." She referred to the three steps of emancipation, education and elevation of the Negro race, and the sacrifice and suffering of the people of the North. She asked if as a beneficiary the colored raced has failed to show its appreciation and respond to the uplift given. The Negro as a student, in business and finance, in patriotism, and in citizenship, was presented to the audience. Illiteracy, she stated, was reduced to 31.4 per cent in the race, honors at Harvard, Yale and other universities and colleges have been won again and again by the Negro young men and young women; Negroes today own a billion dollars' worth of property; There are 40,000 teachers, 4,000 practicing medicine and as many engaged in law. One-half of the cotton is cultivated by the Negro, on-third of the tobacco, and a great deal of the sugar and rice. "It would seem," added Mrs. Terrell, "that the work of the colored people was meeting the most exacting demand of their friends. But this has required great courage, but also a spirit of hopefulness. There has been much that has been discouraging. It would seem literally as impossible for a camel with a hump to get through the eye of a cambric needle as for a colored man to a position that is not open to him. And now many people who had before been loath are not forced to admit the progress of the race. "And yet, the interest which was once manifested by the North is less than it was and I sometimes hear it is reaching the vanishing point. The public press is averse to publishing articles presented for publication relative to many phrases of the Negro race question, an the American Press is determined that the American people shall not know the truth about the colored race. " Mrs. Terrell compared the attitude of the people now with that at the time of the Civil War. She spoke of the Constitutional amendment which conferred upon the colored race the elective franchise, adding that this privilege is denied members of the race. "and yet, when a colored person speaks of it as not being realized he is accused of waving the bloody shirt or raising the race problem. I know there are many wiser and greater people than I who say it was a mistake to confer suffrage franchise upon the colored race. But it is in the Constitution and should be enforced or repealed. I have not time to discuss it, but why should Charles Sumner and other men of earlier days have stood for it if it was wrong? You know there are thousands of colored men who would take their lives in their hands if they attempted to vote, yet many others who are vicious and otherwise unfit are given the right. It doesn't take any great profundity or perspicacity to see that the abrogation of one law leads to the annuling of other laws." Reference was made by Mrs. Terrell to the lynchings of Negroes, adding, "We are hanged and burned to the stake and flayed every day, and the murderers are allowed to go unpunished." Speaking of the offenses charged to the Negro, Mrs. Terrell asked her hearers to remember that it was always a "big, black, burly brute" that is is described in the the newspapers. She told of instance where white men had blacked up with lamp black and gone forth to assault and to steal, evading detection and throwing suspicion upon the Negro race by their blacking their faces. Mrs. Terrell spoke interestingly and yet with a touch of pathos of the effort of colored parents to bring up their children with the ideal which they wish them to have. She referred to the condition under which colored people are forced to live in most of the American citied, and of their need of help in overcoming influenced which would drag them down. The speaker referred to the "thorny path of limitation and proscription" ahead of the colored youth, adding that many colored mothers lool. forward with fear for their boys. In closing Mrs. Terrel said: "We are preaching the dignity of labor, that the occupation does not make the man, but the man the occupation. We are teaching the people of our downtrodden race to be industrious, to judge their neighbors by intrinsic merit rather than by the advantageous position of race. in the name of American childhood, black as well as white, we the colored mothers, beseech you to help give these opportunity that equality and justice to all may be realized." The opportunity for questions was seized by many present and Mrs. Terrell proved herself ready with an answer which was illuminating and interesting. One of the men in the audience cited a similar experience to the one given by the lecturer of the young colored girl who discharged from the department store, the incident given by the man occurring in Portland, he stated. Mrs. Terrell spoke of race prejudice as the cause of the trouble, and the recognition of the right of every one to earn his daily bread. She created a laugh when she said in reply to a question, that "the only trouble with he Anglo-Saxon is that he is the only pebble on the beach." Questions asked related to the convict leased system in vogue in Southern states, and other race problem and conditions. Mrs. Terrell was frequently applauded. A Good ad. pays Best in the Best Paper TONIGHT'S EVENTS. Keiths-Vaudeville and Pictures. Portland-Vaudeville and Pictures. Strand-Pictures. Empire-Pictures. Greelys-Vaudeville and Pictures. Elm-Pictures. F. & A M.---Portland Council. F. & A. M.---Deering Lodge. N. E. O. P.---Cumberland Lodge. I. O. O. F. ---Main Lodge. I. O. O. F. ----Hadattah Lodge. K. of P.--- Munjoy Lodge. I. O. R. M.---Masconomo Tribe. I. O. R. M.---Portland Council. U. O. G. C.---Ocean View Commandery. G. A. R.---Thatcher Post. Carpenters Local union. S of V.---Shepley Auxiliary. U. O. G. C.---East Deering Commandery. L. O. L.---Forest City Lodge. bishop for Florida. Mrs. Robert H. Terrell Stirs Commencement Audience. In an address at the commencement of the Colored High School on Wednesday evening of last week, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, of Washington, "riled" city comptroller James F. Thrift by asserting that the present world war should result in the colored people of this country enjoying their rights. She told of the suffering of the people of Poland and Russia and declared that the war would result in the amelioration of their condition. She declared that lynching was a crime against the race and told of the recent effort to drive the race out of East St. Louis. Comptroller Thrift, who presented the diplomas to the 74 graduates, did not like Mrs. Terrell's style of talk and told the audience that he Negro should not expect any more freedom on account of the war. A volley of hisses greeted his remarks. The later gave out an interview, admitting that Mrs. Terrell is a bright woman, but asserting that her remarks were "untimely." A two-day Congress of the American Negro was held at Bethel A.M.E. Church Monday and Tuesday of this week. The speakers included Rev. W. Sampson Brooks, Rev. George F. Brogg, Jr., Dr. E.M. Boyle, Hugh M. Berokett, Carl J. Murphy, William L. Fitzgerald, Howard E. Young and George A. Watty. The Baptist ministers of Washington paid their annual visit to the Baptist ministers of Baltimore, Monday and following an interesting program the ministers were entertained at dinner. Revs. W. Sampson Brooks and C. H.F. Carrol, for appointment. MARY CHURCH TERRELL SPEAKS [*Chicago Defender*] Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, wife of Judge Terrell of Washington, D.C., spoke at the Lincoln Center Sunday afternoon to a large and appreciative audience of both races, which she held spellbound. Her topic was "Uncle Sam and the Sons of Ham." After her subject she readily answered questions pertaining to the Race, and laid heavy emphasis on a question regarding separate schools, which was hurled at her by a local white school teacher, who has made herself prominent in the fight for such. Mr. Terrell showed clearly the disadvantages of separate institutions. She was warmly applauded. The meeting was presided over by Dr. Bently. Miss Dickerson and Miss Roberts rendered solos. Mrs. Terrell spoke at the Young Woman's Christian Association last Thursday. She spoke at the People's Forum, on the northwest side, Sunday evening, and at several other meetings during her short stay in the city. [*Chicago Defender May 31 1917*] HOWARD CATLIN ILL Howard Catlin, well known business woman, is very ill at the C.&C. hotel of [*D.C. Eagle 10/2/20*] MARY CHURCH TERRELL RECEIVES APPOINTMENT Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, president of the Women's Political League of the District of Columbia, perhaps the most widely known colored woman in the world because of her many and varied activities, left the city on Sunday for the National Republican Committee headquarters in New York City, where she is to have entire charge of campaign work in the Eastern Division among women. Mrs. Terrell will have a large office force at her command, and will assign speakers and organizers where she thinks they will do the most effective work. This is a large task, but Mrs. Terrell will more than fulfil it. Mrs. Terrell's worth to the party is more than can be expressed in mere words. She is a forceful speaker, a ready writer, a woman of strong personal magnetism, and because of her convincing way of talking, it is safe to presume that she will have a large following for the Harding-Coolidge forces. Closely associated with Mrs. Terrell will be Miss Jeannette Carter, the best-known and most progressive young woman in Washington, whose professional reputation as a hustler has gone far and wide. Mrs. Terrell will assign Miss Carter to important work. Miss Carter is strongly endorsed by Hon. James B. Reynolds, personal representative of Governor Calvin Coolidge, and General T. Coleman du Pont, while Mrs. Terrell recommended by Edward F Colladay, National Republican Committeeman for the District of Columbia, and her appointment came mainly through his recommendation. Miss Carter has the distinction of being the first colored woman to be appointed as assistant sergeant-at-arms at the Republican National Convention. Mrs. Terrell has traveled abroad and speaks several languages fluently. She was the only colored woman delegate to the International Congress of Women in Switzerland. LOS ANGELES EXPRESS. FRIDAY, JUNE 18, 1915 NEWS NOTES and COMMENTS ON EVENTS CONCERNING WOMEN By Dorothy Willis STANFORD WOMAN'S CLUB will meet Saturday, June 26, for an afternoon and evening picnic at Huntington Beach, where the Pacific Gun club will be the headquarters for the day. The members will enjoy bathing and later supper will be served on the beach, a program afterward being given in the clubhouse. Miss Alme Holmes is president of the club and will be present. Washington Woman Coming Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D. C., will be in Los Angles at the end of this week and a number of clubwomen are planning to attend her lectures which include Why I-am An Optimist. Has the Colored American Made Good? The Bright Side of a Dark Subject and Harriet Beecher Stowe. Mrs. Terrell is a fluent linguist, speaking French, Italian, German, and perfect English, and among those with whom she had appeared on the platform are Mary Austin and Norman Hapgood. Her husband is a federal judge, having recently received his appointment at the hands of President Wilson. Mrs. Terrell was brought to the Pacific coast by the program committee of the Woman's Congress of Missions of the Panama-Pacific International exposition, under whose auspices she recently delivered four lectures at the exposition in San Francisco, in Festival hall. At the International Congress of Women, held in Berlin in 1904, she was the only American woman who delivered her address in German. Le Temps of Paris said hers was the best address delivered at that time. Mrs. Terrell is a graduate of Oberlin college, and has since served her alma mater as a lecturer on The Problems and Progress of the Negro Race, of which she is a proud member. Mrs. Terrell will lecture in Los Angeles Friday evening at the First A. M. E church, Eighth street and Towne avenue, under the auspices of the Dumas Lyceum bureau. Special reservations have been made for the seating of the local members of the Oberlin Alumni association. Her subject will be The Bright Side of a Dark Subject. OFFICERS ARE ELECTED The election of officers for the Los Angles Browning club was held last week and resulted in the election of Mrs. Milton Mrs. Mary Church Terrell (?) (?) the race and community at large a splendid administration as school trustee - far better than those whose personal interests may now be sacrificed, are able to comprehend. She is bringing the greatest good to the greatest number, and it will take time for the masses to fully realize the harvest she is preparing for their benefit. She is shaking up the dry bones, prying loose a lot of barnacles that have done no good for the schools for years, and is instilling a new vigor throughout the entire system. If temporary injustices here and there are made apparent, they will doubtless be remedied in due season. Mrs. Terrell is a woman of fine perceptions, broad vision and indomitable courage, and understands more clearly than most that in revolutions high principles, rather than individuals must be considered. Only when the hurly-burly of the present reform movement has been allowed to subside will the true value of her constructive work be fully appreciated. She is a good waiter, and the paeans of praise that are in store for her will repay her for the mistaken criticism she is now receiving in some quarters. Though the conscientious work of Messrs. John F. Cook and R.R. Horner is deserving of commendation, it cannot be overlooked that the chief burden has fallen upon the shoulders of Mrs. Terrell, and when the credit is to be given the lion's share of the bouquets must naturally be accorded her. Mrs. Terrell is most capably serving her day and generation, and it is helped she will be retained on the board for as many terms as she is willing to accept. MISS PHYLLIS TERRELL Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Justice Terrell Wins Assignment by Merit at Howard University. Miss Phyllis Terrell, the daughter of Justice and Mrs. Robert Herberton Terrell, now a senior student in the Howard University College of Music, has been assigned to conduct the classes in piano forte of the College, during the absence of Dr. Ray Wilford Tibbs, who is on a limited concert tour of Maryland, West Virginia, and Illinois. Miss Phyllis is one of the most promising students of the University School of Music, whose natural talent has been unfolded by the exact training of the race's premier teacher of piano. [*Chicago- Sept. 6 1924*] CHICAGO DEFENDER Judge Terrell Takes Hike to Regain Health Washington, Sept. 5 - Judge Robert Heberton Terrell, eminent jurist, for years on the municipal bench of this [Picture] city, is rapidly improving, and it is confidently expected by his friends that he will be taking his turn on the calendar soon again, after a forced absence of nearly two years. Every morning the judge takes a little hike in the park on S St. N. Wl, near his house, accompanied by his dog. He converses with friends in his old-time manner and begins to appear his old-time self. Judge Terrell bears the unique record of being one of the very few, and a Republican at that, appointed to federal office by the late "apostle of the 14 points." His wife, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, is known internationally as a leader of many movements for Racial uplift. [*Gazette Cleveland O. 10/2/20*] Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, of Washington, D. C., has been placed in charge of the Afro-American Women's bureau of the National Repub. Committee at N. Y. City and will be ably assisted by Miss Jeannette Carter, well-known Washington, D. C., correspondent. Like Miss Hallie Q. Brown, in charge of the same bureau at Chicago, she is one of our ablest women, exceptionally well equipped for the work. Mrs. Lethia Fleming certainly deserves credit by surrounding herself with our ablest women. That is the spirit. Good! Image title: LEADING RACE FIRM IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA [image with house and palm trees] INTERNATIONAL SPEAKER COMING TO LOS ANGELES -- The Dumas Lyceum Bureau Presents -- Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D.C., Friday evening. June 18, at the A. M. E. Church, 8th and Towne Ave. Mrs. Terrell is not only a great colored lecturer, but one of the best women speakers of the age. Mrs. Terrell will tell you things about the race, you have never heard before. She represents the highest type of her sex of any race. Every man, woman and child, will be benefited by the address of this remarkable women. This paper bespeaks for her a large and appreciative audience that will be the better inspored for a great endeavor for racial progress after they hear how she worked for success and won. When Mary Church Terell graduated from college, some twenty ago, her attainments were reorganized as so remarkable that she was at once invited to become a member of the faculty. Instead, she married the brilliand young harvard to whom she was engaged and who is now a judge in the Federal Caurt [misspelled] at the Nation's Capitol. Once at an International Congress in Paris, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell told the story of the Negroes' progress in limpid and beautiful French; again in Rome, she told it in Italian. At 8th and Towne Ave Church, Friday evening, June 18, she will tell it to us in strong and forceful english and not a colored person in Los Angeles can afford to miss hearing her. There will be no reserved seats, so come early and hear of the "The Problems and Progress" of the most progressive race on earth. -- SOJOURNER ELECTS ALL OFFICERS BUT A PRESIDENT -- Monday Afternoon the members of Sojourner Truth Club held their annual election. The office of president is still to be filled. The other officers are, first vice president, Mrs. Cora Campbell; secretary, Mrs. Mary Smith; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Ada Jackson; treasurer, Mrs. J. M. Scott; home chairman, Mrs. Mary King; domestic, science, Mrs. Bertha L. Turner; domestic art, Mrs. Madge Kelly; philanthropy, Mrs. J. M. Beeks;. social, Mrs. E. E. Barr; education, Miss M. V. Cunningham. Mrs. Cora Campbell, who has served so faithfully as matron since the opening of the home, sent in her resignation and the vacancy was filled by the election of Mrs. M. Elbert to the position. Norfolk Journal and Guide ** And Trade** **opment of the commercial, agricultural and p** Conducted by G. C. Brown Pageant To Be Staged By State Women's Clubs ----------------- Hampton, Va., June–A pageant in which ten nations in native costume will be represented in to be a part of the program at Roanoke, June 29 to July 2, when the Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs of which Mrs. Janie Porter Barrett is president, meets for its nineteenth annual convention. This organization has been co-operating with State and community agencies for almost two decades in its work of social development, and has to its credit such worthwhile accomplishments as the establishing of the Virginia Industrial School at Peake. Great interest centers around the meeting this year because of the active part being taken by the Junior members of the Federation on July 1st. They are to present the pageant, "Good Will, the Magician." Floats for the parade are being planned by the heads of each of the ten departments under which the Federation carries on its work. Junior members in different parts of the State and the school children of Roanoke have been making paper flowers since early spring with which to decorate the floats. This example of co-operation indicates the enthusiasm for the work already developed in the Virginia club women of the future and is putting into action what the Federation has always stood for. This exhibit will be exceptionally fine this year. The State Board of Health is lending posters to illustrate the work of each department and the Home Economics department will at noon each day hold a demonstration appropriate to the hour. The "Open Forum" to be held on Thursday night with the topic Health for discussion will be lead by doctors and nurses, and anyone will be permitted to ask questions. Religious Training and Recreations, under the leadership of authorities in these two fields, will also be discussed at this time. On Friday night the Convention will hear Mrs. Mary Church Terreil of Washington, D.C., the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, who is now the honorary president. Mrs. Terrell is a graduate of Oberlin College, has traveled widely and is a speaker of charm and eloquence. The meeting with the exception of the sessions of the Executive Board are open to the public. July 11, 1919 PEOPLE'S FORUM This column is reserved for our readers. They take the responsibility for whatever appears here. Letters of not more than 200 words are invited. MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL HOME FROM SWITZERLAND TELLS AFRO READERS OF HER TRIP ABROAD. Washington, D.C., July 9 - French people do not know what race prejudice is and have no idea of the color problem here, according to Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, delegate to the Congress of Women who met in Switzerland recently. She says: "I visited France, Switzerland and England - I attended the International Congress of Women which met in Zurich, Switzerland from May 12-17. I was chosen to represent the American delegation the first evening. The meeting was held in the largest Cathedral in Zurich. I spoke in German because the Congress was held in German Switzerland. When I concluded my address on the World Race Problem and plead for justice in behalf of all dark races, the audience showed its approval by a flattering outburst of applause. Among other things I insisted that there could be no such thing as permanent peace in this world until white people treated the dark races justly. During one of the sessions I presented the following resolution which was unanimously passed. "We believe no human being should be deprived of an education prevented from earning a living, debarred from any legitimate pursuit in which he wishes to engage or be subjected to any humiliation on account of race or color. We recommend that members of this Congress should do everything in their power to abrogate laws and change customs which lead to discrimination against human beings on account of race or color." "Since I was the only member of the Congress who had a drop of African blood in her veins, I represented not only the colored people of the United States but the whole continent of Africa as well. "The people of Europe have no idea of the obstacles against which we as a race have to contend and they know very little about the marvellous progress we have made. It was my privilege to present the facts to many people who are deeply interested in the welfare of the race. In France, I mean among French people themselves, there is absolutely no prejudice against any human being on account of the color of his skin. Whenever I saw colored Frenchmen on the street I would try to find an opportunity to speak to them. Whenever I asked one if he had ever been the victim of prejudice on account of his race or color in France he invariably told me he had not. As a rule the colored Frenchmen whom I questioned on this point assured me emphatically that the French people do not know what race prejudice is. THE EVENING STAR WASHINGTON Dunbar High Gives Out 176 Diplomas Mrs. Terrell Lauds Progress of Colored People at Graduation. One hundred and seventy-six pupils in the academic and business departments of the Dunbar High School were awarded diplomas at the school last night. Justice Robert H. Terrell of the Municiple Court, who was to have been the speaker of the evening, was unable to be present because of sickness, and his wife, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, spoke in his place. She told of the progress made by the colored people and the seemingly impossible things accomplished by them. She impressed upon her audience that they must not take anything for granted and used the outcome of the Russo-Japanese war as an illustration of the "seemingly impossible" having been accomplished. Scholarship awards for the class were: Amherst College, Capt. Charles Drew, Lieut. Thurman Dodson (conditional); Bates College, John Davis; Colgate University, Henry Robison; college alumnae, Elsie Lewis; Hamilton alumnae; Sidney Sumby; Howard University, Elaine Deane (93.66), La Verne Gregory (91.85), Edna Redmond, Ruth Sutton and Anola Miller; Lincoln University, Oliver Beason; Syracuse University, Francis Syphax; Williams College, Lee Johnson. Academic Department. Academic department - Diplomas dated January 31,1922: Rosa Elizabeth Bostic, Lona Mae Collier, Florence Elizabeth Ford, Maudie Lee Montgomery, Jasper George Carlyle, Christopher Phillip Hoffman, Willie Hubert Moody and James Sydnor Moore. Diplomas dated June 21, 1922: Louise Acshah Alexander, Lucille Marietta Allen, Viola Elizabeth Anderson, Elizabeth Leonora Bennett, Ruth Pearl Binford, Edith Lorena Blackwell, Lettie Blackwell, Malcina Amelia Blackwell, Colleen Miner Brooks, Portia Cadette Bullock, [?] Campbell, Bernice Lillian [?] , [?] Forrester Christopher, [?], Chism, Gladys Marie [?], Helen Alida Combs, Ethel [?] Leah Kent, Emerson Waldo Browne, William Mosher Davis, Daniel Randolph Doy, Horace Lorenzo Dove, Raymond Augustine Lemmon, William Morgan Minor, Elsie Wells Lewis, Lillian Gwendolyn Miles, Isabelle Morton, Naomi Allen Pinckney, Mamie Ethel Robinson, Marie Esther Simms, Jessie Maria Spence, Ruth Augusta Sutton, Norrine Yolanda Walters, Beatrice Evelyn Wilson, Una Fredericka Venie, William Henry Mundell, Thomas Wylie Parks, John Heath Richardson, Clifton George Roberts, Leo Matthews Robinson and Clement Alexander Wells. Two-year course - Effie Louise Anderson, Joseph Henry Goldsby, Beulah Irene Bush. [?] Dorothy Cunningham, [?] Juanita Dean, Vernice [?] Diggs, Berenice Jessie Ellis, [?] Louise Fitzhugh, Alma Louise Forrest, Euretta Minta Fraction, Ruth Louise Gant, La Verne Gregory, Anita Gloria Haskins, Marie Antionette Hillery, Juanita Lucinda Ingram, Ellen Gertrude Jackson, Una Mae Jackson, Ethel Lenora James, Grace Kathleen James, Marguerite Jetter, Albertine Johnson, Aloncita Miranda Johnson, Louise Kathleen Johnson, Bernice Beatrice Jones, Pauline Bernice Jones, Dorothy Augustine Jones, Vivian Allegra Jones, Vesta Clementine Kenney, Eudora Theresa Keyes, Cora Augusta King, Corinne Scott Landers, Anita Harriett Lewis, Ruth Evelyn Lloyd, Eunice Viola Mack, Mabel Lott Mazyck, Anola Lidwin Miller, Nellie Mae McKinney, Alta Dorothea Milton, Alise Elizabeth Nash, Mabel Grey Oliver, Gladys Clemenza Over, Evangeline Marie Palmer, Pauline Vernita Parker, Hazel Elaine Patterson, Edna Martyn Redmond, Gladys A. Rotan, Gladys A. Scott, Phyllis Wheatley Shippen, Elizabeth Violet Simmons, Edna May Smallwood, Missouri Edith Silas, Ulrica Agnes Smith, Dorothy Belle Singleton, Eliza Bernice Stewart, Alice Lillian Tompkins, Maude V. Walker, Hazel Ida Washington, Carrie Elizabeth Williams. Garner Wesley Anderson, Earl Alexander Ballard, Kenneth Pearl Barnes, Britton Commillus Baskerville, Charles Oliver Michel Beason, Harry Wesley Bell, Samuel Blacksher, James Edward Bowman, Theodore Alfonso Bradford, Theodore Jacob Brown, William Andrew Brown, Clarence Francis Byson, Hyman Yates Chase, Joseph William Cook, John Preston Davis, Thurman Luce Dodson, Charles Drew, Egbert Gerald Facey, Leroy Wellington Firse, Oden Howerten Fisher, Henry Dupont Thomas Georges, Frederick Douglass Henry, Robert Fulton Holland, Frederick Ferdinand Hundley, Robert Clemont Isaac, Simon Noe James, Lee Williams Johnson, Maurice Eugene Johnson, Peter Douglass Johnson, Edward Williston Knight, Carroll Nelson Langhorne, George Levier Mann, William Francis Meroney, Harry Warren Mickey, Montrebell Montgomery, William H. Payne, Walter Larkin Reeves, Jr., Henry Golden Reynolds, Rio Richard Roberts, Henry Shields Robinson, jr., Howard Roosevelt Sewell, Morris Allen Simms, Joseph Stemley, jr., Sidney Addison Sumby, Francis Ennis Syphax, William Hammond Thomas, Hal Herndon Timmons, Daniel Jackson Veal, Frederick Payne Watts, Ernest Rivers Welch, James Asa Williams, James Otis Williams, and Gregory Edwards Woods. Department of Business Department of Business Practice: Four-year course; Diplomas dated January 31, 1922,--Jessie Geneva Bruce, Inez Zula Elizabeth Hearn, Stellena Jennetta Harrod, Clifford Elton Duckett. Diplomas granted June 21, 1922 -- Gertrude Elizabeth Bailor, Mabel Elizabeth Brown, Victoria Ruth Conrad, Edith Yvonne Davis, Catherine Cecelia Edelin, Lillian Victoria Harris, Amelia Amanda Holland, Ruth Graham Hudnell, Birdie George Hughes, Evelyn Iverresse Jackson, Alta Ada Kelley, Geneva Speaks at Ford Hall Late Reaction Against the Race Treated by Gifted Speaker [*[Boston? Glo?] March 9- 1914*] At Ford Hall last evening the present status of the colored race in the United States, the reaction that has set in during the past decade against the race and the causes of this reaction were ably discussed by Mrs Mary Church Terrell, who is regarded as one of the ablest colored women speakers in the country. It was an eloquent though dispassionate statement of facts. The preliminary concert was given by Miss Helen Tufts, violinist, and John Harris Gutterson, accompanist. They were so good that they ran out of encores. They hadn't expected such a demand. Mr Coleman in introducing Mrs Terrell told how he had heard her speak in Atlanta, Ga, eight years ago and how deeply she had impressed him then. He said the race problem is a universal problem, though there was little doubt but the colored race had suffered more acutely through prejudice than any other race. Praise for Abolitionists. Mrs Terrell began with a eulogy of the people of this section, who had dedicated themselves to the abolition movement and who had through noble sacrifices been the cause of abolishing slavery - the men and women who regarded slavery as an "agreement with death and covenant with Hell." No such efforts had ever in the world's history been put forth to emancipate a race as were put forth in this country during the Civil War. She said no fair-minded person could fail to be impressed with the record of accomplishment of the race since the Civil War, especially when it was taken into consideration that the freed slaves started out with few of them possessing any education and with practically no material advantages. In 50 years the illiteracy has been reduced to 30 percent. She cited some instances of brilliant scholarship among colored pupils in public schools and among students in colleges like Harvard. There are 32,000 colored teachers in public schools; there are 50,000 colored people in professions; they have 450 newspapers and magazines; 30,000 are in business and commerce, 100 in insurance the church property is worth $57,000,000, and these churches subscribe $1,000,000 every year for education and since 1865 they have contributed $22,000,000 for education. There are 500,000 farmers owning 100,000,000 acres. Victim of Lawlessness. This progress has been made, she said, against great obstacles, for in some sections the colored man is the victim of both lawlessness and law. She then asked: "Where are the white men and women who a few years ago championed the cause of the colored race? Echo answers-where?" She then traced the gradual growth of public opinion against the colored race for the past 21 years through devious rumors and allegations, most of which were without foundation in fact. There were the fears that had been spread of negro domination, of social equality, of depravity and many other things, all spread by the enemies of the colored people, and chief among these was the cry that the colored man is a brute. The Constitutional amendments are practically a dead letter in many places, she said. The public wrath has turned against those who champion the negro. Mrs Terrell then went on to prove that the charges made against the negroes were most of them unfounded, and that in many cases it had been found that white men, wanting to commit some terrible crime, had blacked themselves so as to put the blame on negroes. The result of it all is that colored people have been segregated in nearly all cities and compelled to live in the most vicious parts of the city. They were denied admission to trade unions, she pointed out; most of the avenues of employment were closed to them in the North, and those that were open were often in vicious localities and under the worst influences. Under such circumstances it is difficult for the col- National Conference on Foreign Relations at Philadelphia Will Also Consider Status of Monroe Doctrine PHILADELPHIA, March 8-The Mexican situation and the present status of the Monroe Doctrine will be discussed at a National conference on the foreign relations of the United States, under direction of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, to be held in this city on April 3 and 4. Delegates have been appointed by the Governors of nearly all the States and delegations from the leading trade and industrial organizations throughout the country are expected. The conference has been divided into six sessions and addresses will be made by Naval officers, scientists, members of Congress and leaders in the business world. Some of the topics to be discussed are: "The Present Status of the Monroe Doctrine"; "The Mexican Situation, Its Problems and Obligations"; "The Policy of the United States in the Pacific" and "Elements of a Constructive American Foreign Policy." Although the program has not been completed, those who have already accepted invitations to deliver addresses include Rear Admiral F. E. Chadwick. U S. N., Newport, R I; Rear Admiral C. M. Chester, U. S. N., and Rear Admiral Richard Wainwright, U. S. N., Washington; Representative James L. Slayden of Texas, W. Morgan Shuster, Dr L. S. Rowe, professor of political sciences, University of Pennsylvania; Dr. Albert Bushnell Hart, professor of government at Harvard University; Dr Simon N. Patten, professor of political economy of the University of Pennsylvania; Dr B. C. Stowell, professor of international law of Columbia University, and A. Maurice Low of Washington. McAll Association Meeting. The annual meeting of the Boston auxiliary of the American McAll Association will be held on Wednesday at 3 p m in the vestry of the First Baptist Church, Commonwealth av. The address will be by Rev G. J. T. Berry. LOS ANGELES TRIBUNE: LOS ANGELES, CAL., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1915. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D. C., will be in Los Angeles at the end of this week and a number of clubwoman are planning to attend her lectures, which include Why I am an Optimist, Has the Colored American Made Good?, The Bright Side of a Dark Subject and Harriet Beecher Stowe. Mrs. Terrell is a fluent linguist, speaking French, Italian, German and perfect English. Her husband is a federal judge, having recently received his appointment at the hands of President Wilson. Mrs. Terrell was brought to the Pacific coast by the program committee of the Woman's Congress of Missions of the Panama-Pacific International expositions, under whose auspices she recently delivered four lectures at the exposition in San Francisco, in Festival hall. At the International Congress of Women held in Berlin in 1904, she was the only American woman who delivered her address in German. Le Temps of Paris said hers was the best address delivered at that time. Mrs. Terrell is a graduate of Oberlin college, and has since served her alma matter as a lecturer in The Problems and Progress of the Negro Race, of which she is a proud member. Mrs. Terrell is a member of the school board of Washington and under the auspices of the School Voters' league of Boston recently delivered a series of addresses. Mrs. Terrell will lecture in Los Angeles Friday evening at the First A. M. E. church, Eighth street and Towne avenue, under the auspices of The Dumas Lyceum bureau. Special reservations have been made for the seating of the local members of the Oberlin Alumni association. Her subject will be The Bright Side of a Dark Subject. THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, MARCH 24, 1917 - PART 1. approve of it, if detailed plans can be worked out to insure its practical success," said Commissioner Newman. "The gardening movement is a splendid civic enterprise," said Commissioner Brownlow. "I have been too busy with other matters to keep in touch with the details of the program planned here, but any comprehensive plan to encourage the movement in Washington will have my hearty support." Request will be made to the Commissioners by the central committee for the use of a room in the District building as headquarters. Though a room already has been offered in the Labor. Department, some of the committee members believe that because the movement is a District activity it should be centered in the District building. Mrs. Terrell to Speak in Chicago. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, wife of Municipal Judge Robert H. Terrell, is to address two forums in Chicago tomorrow, those on the west and south side of the city. She has been invited to deliver an address at the annual dinner of the Lincoln Center Fellowship, to speak before the Political Equality Club, all in Chicago, and on March 28 is to speak at Founders' day for the Colored Industrial School, Cincinnati, Ohio. 6 THE EVENING STAR, With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D.C. WEDNESDAY...December 13, 1916 THEODORE W. NOYES.........Editor Mrs. Terrell Lectures Down East. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, a civic worker of this city and for a number of years a member of the board of education, is delivering a number of lectures in the New England states. She has already addressed open forums in Massachusetts, and is to address assemblies in Biddeford and Portland, Me., in the near future. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., SATURDAY, APRIL 16 - PART I. NURSE FUND DRIVE GETS COLORED AID Mrs. Terrell Heads Special Organization to Boost I. V. N. S. Campaign. Colored residents of the District, appreciative of the efforts for community betterment by the Instructive Visiting Nurse Society, have formed a special organization among themselves to further the campaign of the I. V. N. S. to raise $50,000 to maintain and enlarge its health conservation work. The campaign is to start April 24 and last one week. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, wife of Judge Robert H. Terrell of the Municipal Court, has been designated by Mrs. Corcoran Thom, general chairman for the whole campaign, as chairman of this co-operating committee, which already shows evidence of great enthusiasm in the fundraising movement. The regard in which colored residents here hold the Instructive Visiting Nurse Society is a natural one, when it is considered that of the 437,000 people in the District over one-fourth are colored, and the proportion served by the society is much higher than that. Want Two More Colored Nurses. The participation of the latter in the campaign was their own idea. The staff of graduate nurses of the society already includes two colored nurses, whose efforts on behalf of their race have gained the respectful admiration of all who know them, and the colored citizens benefiting by their attentions have expressed the determination of raising enough money to add at least two more colored nurses for a year. Inasmuch as nearly half the patients of the I. V. N. S. are colored, the two colored nurses can by no means handle them all, the white nurses serving among both white and colored alike. The campaign slogan of the latter will be "Two more colored nurses for Washington," according to Mrs. Terrell, who was one of the first two women appointed to the board of education and who served eleven years. "Our real goal," says Mrs. Terrell, "will be to raise one-third of the whole sum needed by the society to continue and expand its work and we are confident the colored people of Washington will give that amount. Our ministers have promised to take up special collections in the churches and we have been promised that a number of organizations will collect funds." Group Leaders Named. At the first meeting of the organization at the home of Mrs. Terrell, 1615 S street northwest, Mrs. Hayden Johnson and Mrs. Ortho Peters were appointed vice chairmen and Mrs. Emmett Scott section chairman. The following group leaders, each to have supervision of some separate activity and each to be aided by five assistance, were named: Mrs. Eva Board, Mrs. Arthur L. Curtis, Mrs. Louisa Cabaniss, Mrs. James C. Dowling, Mrs. Milton Francis, Mrs. Price B. Hurst, Mrs. G. M. Robinson, Mrs. George A. Robinson, Mrs. Virginia Robinson, Mrs. Walter Singleton, Mrs. Daisy Welch, Mrs. F. D. Whitby, Mrs. Sevellon Savoy, Mrs. Charles I. West and Mrs. Betty G. Francis. BOARD OF EDUCATION - New Members Appointed by District Supreme Court. - NAMED THIS AFTERNOON - Rear Admiral Baird Heads List and Will Serve Three Years. - COLORED RACE REPRESENTED - Members Names for Three Years, Two Years and One Year, Respectively. - NEW BOARD OF EDUCATION. Rear Admiral George W. Baird, Mrs. Emma M. Brewer, Mr. John F. Cook, Mr. William V. Cox, Capt. James F. Oyster, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Prof. Barton W. Everman, Mrs. Justina R. Hill, Dr. Oliver M. Atwood. The justices of the District Supreme Court, by virtue of the power vested in them by the act of Congress approved June 20, 1906, have appointed the following named persons as the board of education of the District of Columbia: For the term of three years-- Rear Admiral George W. Baird, retired, residing t 1505 Rhode Island avenue, born in this District, and a resident here excepting during the periods of absence on public service, lately superintendent of the State, War and Navy building, and prominently identified with the interests of the District. Mrs. Emma M. Brewer, wife of Mr. Justice David J. Brewer of the Supreme Court of the United States, residing at 1923 16th street, and identified for many years with educational and charitable interests of the District. Mr. John F. Cook, ex-collector of taxes, ex-jury commissioner, trustee of Howard University and a large property owner in the District, residing at 1118 1*th street. The Two-Year Term For the term of two years-- Mr. William V. Cox, residing at Brightwood, D.C., president of the Second National Bank, ex-president of the Board of Trade and a director in many financial institutions of the District. Mr. James F. Oyster residing at 1314 Rhode Island avenue, merchant and president of the Business Men's Association. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, residing at 326 T street northwest, a graduate of Oberlin College, formerly a teacher of Wilberforce College and subsequently a teacher of languages in the colored high school of Washington, and a prominent speaker and lecturer, having been chosen as one of the speakers at the International Congress of Women, held in Berlin, Germany, in June 1904. One-Year Term. For the term of the one year: Prof. Barton W. Everman, residing at 412 T street northwest, of the bureau of fisheries, holding degrees of B.S., A.M. and Ph.D. from the State University of Indiana, formerly superintendent of schools in Indiana, lecturer at Yale Faest School and Stanford University, author of numerous scientific work, appointed in the commission of scientific surveys in the Philippine Islands by President Roosevelt in 1903. Mrs. Justina R. Hill, residing at 1738 Q street northwest, wife of Prof. Robert T. Hill, graduate of Smith College and of Cornell University, trustee of the former and president of its alumni association of this city. Dr. Oliver M. Atwood, residing at 1315 T street northwest, retired physician, graduate of Michigan University and of Howard University. The three colored members of the board are Mr. Cook, Dr. Atwood and Mrs. Terrell. Announced at 2 O'Clock. The appointments were announced by Chief Justice Clabaugh at 2 p.m. after a consultation of three or four hours with Associate Justices Barnard, Gould, Wright and Stafford. Communications and delegations in the interest of the appointment of the various persons who had been mentioned for the positions continued to pour in upon Chief Justice Clabaugh up to the hour of beginning the consultation. At least fifty letters were received by the chief justice this morning bearing on the appointments. ning, Mr. W. Pickens, Yale graduate and present Dean of Morgan College, will discuss the subject. Mr. Pickens is a lecturer of worth and is in National deman. Mr. Pickens is one of our younger men and is doing much for us. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, of Washington, D.C. will speak. The following is an article taken from a newspaper of Boston, Mass., when Mrs. Terrell took part in a series of lectures by the School Voters' League of Boston. Other speakers in the same course were Mary Artin, the famed immigrant girl; Prof. Earl Barnes, of Philadelphia; Maud Ballington Booth, Mary E. Nolley, president of Mt. Holyoke College; Norman Hapgood, editor of Harpers Weekly, and other. "Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, of Washington, D.C., a colored woman who exemplifies in her own person all the potentialities of the race for which Lincoln died, we shall learn of "The Progress and the Problem of the Colored Woman." When Mrs. Terrell graduated from college, some twenty years ago, her attainments were recognized as so remarkable that she was at once invited to become a member of the faculty. Instead, she married the brilliant young Harvard man to whom she was engaged, and who is now Judge Terrell of the Washington bench. Their daughter is today a student in her mother's college. All Mrs. Terrill's time outside of that due to her home has been given for many years to the needs of colored people. Everywhere she has told the story of what her race has done and what it seeks a chance to do. Once, at an International Congress in Paris, she told this story in limpid and beautiful French; again, in Rome, she told it in Italian. To us she will tell it in strong and forceful English. Women orators are comparatively rare, but Mrs. Terrell is one of them. Boston women, especially, should give heed to her words. For it was from a notable group of Boston women that the first impetus for the abolition of slavery emanated. Physical freedom, without economic freedom, is, however, of little worth, and Boston is far from being as generous now as it used to be in its attitude toward the Negro. The case of the educated colored girl is unspeakably tragic. But some colored woman like Mrs. Terrell herself have been able to overcome all obstacles and it is of the things they have accomplished, and of how we may help their sisters to similar successes, that this lecture will tell us." Other speakers are Mrs. E.M. Hurley, who with Mrs. E.B. Leaf did the first work for the Red Cross among colored women, and who are present has three work shops under her supervision, and is supported by 350 women. Mrs. W. R. Bailey, who has organized the Civilian Relief Work among the women of Germantown, will tell of the splendid progress of this department. Mrs. Ruth L. Bennett, president of Federation of Negro Women's Clubs; Miss Priscilla Armstrong of the Working Women's Club, will have a place on the program and tell of the splendid work of these organizations. Mr. G. Edward Dickerson, our popular attorney-at-law, will also discuss the theme of the meeting. A host of young women from the various High Schools of the city will serve as aids and lead in the singing. Madame Keene's orchestra will furnish patriotic music. Benefit Leaf Aux. 6 of the American Red Cross and the Armstrong Association of Philadelphia. Ticket admitting two, 35c. Admission at door, 35c. Tickets on sale at Davis Drug Store, 1537 South St.; Armstrong Association of Philadelphia, 1434 Lombard street. [*Defender Oct 22-1927*] Mrs. Terrell Thrills Hearers at a Conference La Crosse, Wis., Oct. 21.-The international purity conference which was in session here Oct, 18-20 was one of the most successful in its 12 years of existence. Many states were represented and the large delegation contributed much to the success of the meeting. Of special interest was the appearance of Mrs. Mary Terrill, Washington, D. C. superintendent of the International Council of Women of the Darker Races, past president of the National Federation of Colored Women's Clubs and prominent lecturer, who spoke Thursday evening on "Social Morality and the Negro Race." So impressed was her audience that she was compelled to make four extra speeches not on her schedule. She was the principal speaker Sunday at two different churches and was asked to address audiences at the normal and high schools. The congregation at the First Presbyterian church Sunday evening equaled that which gathered at the First Methodist church in the morning to hear her, which was recorded as one of the largest assemblages ever seen here. The entire audience will sing "The Old Oaken Bucket, and "The Blue Bells of Scotland". Miss Edith L. Claflin as pianist. The Attleboro Girls' club chorus will sing "United We Stand", the Massachusetts state song of the National League of Women Workers, and Zo Elliot's "There's a Long, Long Trail". Mr. Gibb is the conductor of the chorus, and the members are: Miss Mary White, Miss Grace Wilkinson, Miss Dorothy Stock, Miss Eva Bryant, Miss Ethel Wilkinson, Miss Vera Whitney, Mrs. Elida Poole, Miss Lena Burton, Mrs. Jannette Jameson, Miss Albina La Rock, Mrs. Florence Wilkinson, Miss Alma Prew, Miss Hazel Fiske, Miss Leona Burges, Miss Julia Lacourse, Miss Amy Howard, Miss Julianie Gardner, Miss Gladys Fiske, Miss Zordee Burges, Mrs. Margaret Nerney, Miss Zoe Bregnard, Miss Celia Fernberg, Miss Laura Martin, Miss Yvonne Laporte, Miss Alice Benson, Miss Marie Bregnard, Miss Gladys Welsh and Miss Georgia Macintosh, Mrs. Everett I. Perry, the director of the club, has been the pioneer in getting the chorus together, The singing will close with "America" and the "Allied War Verse." The social session will be from 9:50 to 10 o'clock, closing on Storrrow schedule time, Guy D. Wing, chairman presiding. The following members of Oak Hill, Attleboro grange, No. 212, Patrons of Husbandary, will usher: Mrs. Minni A. Briggs, Miss Edith F. Perry, Miss Abbie Kinny, Mrs. Maude Smith, Miss Amy Carpenter, Miss Marion Lillibridge, Mrs. Julia Stafford, Miss Stella L. Warren, Charles W. Deans, S. W. Cash, Harry E. Carpenter, Dexter E. Newell, William E. S. Smith, Alfred W. Brigham Arthur S. Thurber. The William A. Streeter Post, No. 145, G.A.R., has been invited to attend in a body, it being the eve of the birthday of Abraham Lincoln, the emancipator of the Negro slaves. All boy in military or naval service of the country are specially invited to attend. The concert committee had a successful meeting at the chamber of commerce rooms. Monday evening, and the drama committee will meet in the same place Saturday evening at 8 o'clock Feb. 9 Monday's mass meeting is free All Attleboro is welcome. There will [?] director, [?] the concert and [?] committees, and the facts will certainly be received with enthusiasm. The forum session will be held at exactly 7:55 o'clock, Louis A. Fales, chairman, presiding. The lecturer of the evening is Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, one of the very best leaders of the colored race and a speaker of international repute. Mrs. Terrell is a woman richly endowed by nature for a grand work to which she has grandly devoted all her endowments. With great patience, thorough preparation and intelligent application she has quietly won her way. After graduation from Oberlin college she taught at Wilberforce university, and was teacher of languages in the Washington Colored high school. Then she spent several years abroad, perfecting herself in German, French and Italian; and on her return was offered a position on the faculty of Oberlin college. At this time, however, she married Robert H. Terrell, a graduate of Harvard University, then principal of the Washington Colored high school, and later one of the federal judges of the District of Columbia. Thereafter, Mrs. Terrell devoted herself to the cause of education in Washington, serving on the board of trustees of the public school. She was the first colored woman to serve on a board of education in this country, and was reappointed again and again until she served eleven years - longer than the service of any other person, white or black, on the board of education in our national capital. Mrs. Terrell's voice is wonderfully clear; her pronunciation is exceptionally void of accent. Her gestures are rather frequent, but always expressive and effective. Dean Briggs, of Harvard college, after hearing an address delivered by her before the students of Radcliffe college, wrote to a friend in Boston as follows: "Mrs. Terrel has a good presence an agreeable and refined voice, an excellent command of language, a manner neither too difficult nor self-assured, and a touch of that eloquence which seems to go with even the least infusion of African blood." H. G. Wells, the noted English author, after hearing her in Britain said: "Certainly it would be difficult to find a purely white woman more level-headed and capable than that admirable public speaker, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell." M. Ramy, correspondent of the Paris Temps, reporting the International Congress of [?] at Berlin, 1904, said "The [?] who made the best appearance on the platform was Mrs. Terrell, of Washington, a lady of Andalusian complexion, who in case of manner, gracefulness, and force of gesture and naturalness of expression was ahead of all the other 'oratrices' Mrs. Terrell spoke in German with the same fluency and ease as in her native tongue." Mrs. Terrell was the only one of the American delegates to that congress who addressed the convention in German. She followed it by an address in French. It carried the audience literally by storm, and she was recalled three times. Mrs. Fannie Garrison Villard, daughter of William Lloyd Garrison, speaks highly of her. The Minneapolis Tribune says "In beauty and refinement of diction, as well as impressive correctness, her appeal was a masterpiece of oratory." The Decatur (Ill.) Daily Herald says "Her lecture was almost classic in diction, profound and convincing in its logic, and sound in its philosophy." Surely anyone should recognize the great opportunity of hearing such a well qualified woman speak on one of the greatest of American issues, that it "The Great War and the Race Problem." her treatment of the subject will be broadminded and really helpful. The question period will be opened by Charles A. Palioca, delegate from the Attleboro Italian-American society, and the discussion period by George Charles Marsden, A. B., history teacher at the Attleboro high school. The signing session will open at exactly 9:20, John Laing Minneapolis City Star St. Paul MINN., November, 14 1913. No. 8 MRS MARY CHURCH TERRELL. DELEGATE TO PURITY CONGRESS. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell was a delegate to the World's Purity Congress which convened in this city from Nov. 7 to 12. She was during her stay a guest at the Hotel Radisson, the Congress Headquarters. Mrs. Terrell was introduced as the greatest woman platform speaker in America. She spoke for the colored race, saying that colored people are the wrecks of unjust prejudice and industrial boycott. Considering their conditions and environment, she said, the standard of morals among the colored people is not to be criticized. Mrs. Terrell is one of the leaders of the National Association for the Advancement for Colored People, and the wife of Judge Robt. H. Terrell of Washington, D. C. Washington Observations [*Evening Star : Dec. 28, 1928*] by Frederic William Wile, To Washington and to the ears of this observer has just been brought the tale of a presidential election bet, declared by its narrators to be authentic in every detail. Its hero is the New Yorker now in the prohibition news limelight. W.C. Durant the automobile, finance magnate. Not long before November 6 Durant - So the story goes - found himself at luncheon in a downtown New York club with a group which included John J. Raskob, the Democratic national chairman. Raskob was discoursing confidently upon gov. Smith's impending prospects. They were painted in colors of undiluted optimism. Thereupon Durant spoke up. "Johnny," he said, addressing Raskob, "I'll bet you $1,000,000 to $200,00 that Smith won't be elected." The late chairman of General Motors' finance committee is not a speculative person, as a rule. But, having burned his bridges behind him, he had no line of retreat. The challenge was accepted, and according to the narrative, Durant duly got his $200,000. If he did, the $30,000 in prohibition prizes he's just awarded was small change contributed by his Democratic friend Raskob nearly seven times over. * * * * Dr. Richard Schuler of Vienna, known as the hereditary undersecretary of Austrian foreign affairs, is in Washington at the outset of a trip of investigation through the land of American industry. He is a famous character in European post-war history, having been the first representative of the central powers to turn up at Paris after the armistice to initiate the peace era. Dr. Schuler's man object in the early Winter of 1918 was to confer with Herbert Hoover. Austria was starving. Her intelligentsia in particular was impoverished and in misery. Schuler had 15 minutes with Hoover at Paris, following the American food administrator's arrival with President Wilson, and within 24 hours food trains were rolling into Vienna. Austrians have enshrined the President-elect among their immortals ever since. In 1921 they paid him the unique honor of naming an asteroid, newly discovered by Austrian astronomers, "Hooveria." * * * * American womankind's most inveterate globe-trotter is the wife of a United States Senator--Mrs. Henry W. Keyes of New Hampshire. A year or two ago Mrs. Keyes--better known in the literary world as Frances Parkinson Keyes--went around the world to write of China, Japan and India. Now she is about to embark upon a tour of Central and South America. Amply to supply herself with Latin color, Mrs. Keyes will start for the Southern Hemisphere by way of Spain and a visit to the Spanish-American exposition at Seville. Prior to beginning her series of "All-American" studies, "The Senator's Wife"--Mrs. Keyes' magazine nom de plue--will go to Ottawa for the forth-coming opening of the Canadian Parliament, always a gala event. As on the occasion of her voyage to the Orient, Mrs. Keyes will be accompanied to South American by one of her college boy sons. * * * * Missouri is to the fore with a candidate for Hoover's secretaryship of agriculture. He is F. B. Mumford, dean of the College of Agriculture at the University of Missouri. Mumford is well known as an agricultural expert throughout the corn belt. He hails from Michigan, but has been at the University of Missouri's farm college since 1895. Mumford came under the President-elect's eye during the World War while serving as State food administrator in Missouri. He is a specialist in live stock. Once he wrote a book called "Animal Breeding." Candidates for the agricultural portfolio after March 4, 1929, have seriously to reckon with the present incumbent. Few men in public life are closer to Herbert Hoover than "Bill" Jardine. They have marched shoulder to shoulder against the grand army of McNary-Haugenites for, lo, these many years. * * * * "The Book of Achievement" just issued by Oberlin University in honor of "100 famous alumni and alumnae" includes one of Washington's well known colored women, Mary Church Terrell, A.B., Oberlin, 1884, and A.M., 1888. Mrs. Terrell, the widow of a former District of Columbia judge, was the first president of the National Association of Colored Women and the first woman of her race ever to serve on an American board of education. She functioned in that capacity in Washington a few years ago. At the great Quinquennial International Congress of Women in Berlin in 1904 Mrs. Terrell achieved the distinction of being the only delegate to deliver her address in three languages--English, French and German. In 1919 she was at Zurich as a delegate and speaker at the International League for Peace. * * * * The forthcoming pacifist demonstration against the cruiser bill in Washington is being engineered by a concern called "Washington Council on International Relations." This organization is not to be confused with two well known and highly-esteemed institutions with somewhat similar names--the Council on Foreign Relations, at New York, which publishes the influential quarterly, Foreign Affairs, and the Foreign Policy Association, head-quartered at New York and with rapidly increasing branches all over the country. Just who the "Washington Council of International Relations" is, and what it is, will probably be determined at the impending anti-preparedness orgy in the Capitol. * * * * Washingtonians in charge of Hoover inaugural ceremonies are hopeful the President-elect will "loosen up" in favor of a truly joyous affair as the result of his recent experiences among the temperamental Latins. Hoover survived, in both Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro, celebrations far beyond anything his fellow countrymen on the Potomac and elsewhere are planning for March 4. Persuasive pressure is to be applied to the shy and self-effacing Californian when he reaches Washington in January. Perhaps the argument may appeal to him that what he "stood for" in South America ought to be no less acceptable to him here. (Copyright, 1928) [*Please Return—*] FEBRUARY 8, 1929. 15 CAPITAL AUTHORS DAVID RANKIN BARBEE WILLIAM ATHERTON DU PUY MARY CHURCH TERRELL AND CHARLOTTE HILTON GREEN Will Write for The Washington Post SUNDAY ______________________ The Riddle of the Redskin [PICTURE] The predicament of Lo, the poor Indian, analyzed by William Atherton Du Puy. A problem that has long perplexed the Gov- ernment. ______________________________ What! Running the Whole Show Daved Rankin Barbee surprises with a story of men. ranging from Supreme Court of- ficials to newspaper reporters---all from the State of Tennessee. Dirt Roads in Dixie Rich in humor, romance and kindliness is this tale of a pilgrimage through little known byways of the South. Charlotte Hilton Green is the writer. [?A Son of Howard Scales the Heights] A character sketch by [?Mary Church Ter- rell describing] a professor of Howard Univer- sity who at 45 is a world famous scientist and a leader of his race. long perplexed the Government. _______________________ What! Running the Whole Show Daved Rankin Barbee surprises with a story of men. ranging from Supreme Court officials to newspaper reporters---all from the State of Tennessee. _______________________________- Dirt Roads in Dixie Rich in humor, romance and kindliness is this tale of a pilgrimage through little known byways of the South. Charlotte Hilton Green is the writer. _______________________________________________ A Son of Howard Scales the Heights A character sketch by Mary Church Terrell describing a professor of Howard University who at 45 is a world famous scientist and a leader of his race. ________________________________ Where "Abe" Popped the Question A timely story dealing with events which led up to Abraham Lincoln's proposal of mar- riage, written in a manner which will hold your interest. _____________________________________ The Mystery of a Simple Fire Joseph Kaye presents another "Riddle in Crime" for solution by readers of The Washington Post. A great series and worth reading even though you do not try to solve the crime. _____________________________________________ ROTOGRAVURE A Full Page of Graduation Photos NEWS COMICS SPIRITED ADDRESS OF MRS MARY C. TERRELL AT CONSTITUTION LEAGUE. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, of Washington, D. C., was introduced as the International Congress of Women in Europe. Chairman Milholland said she surpassed all the women there in spurring people on to high endeavors by spoken address. She began by painting a glowing picture of a meeting in the national capitol, at which State dignitaries were present, called on to protest against the atrocities perpetrated upon the Jews by the terrible Czar and his diabolical dukes. While in a fine transport of altruistic enthusiasm, suddenly there stole in upon her mind, unbidden, the picture of the treatment of members of her own race in the United States. There was the convict lease system a form of slavery even more cruel in some respects than chattel slavery. There were the men, women and children hurled into eternity, unshriven and untried, by the bloodthirsty mob. There was the infamous Jim-Crow cars of the South. "What would Russia say," she exclaimed, "when he and his dukes heard that a protest had been made in the United States against Russia's treatment of the Jews." (Uproar of applause and laughter.) "Even Russia knows that in America there has been a Kishineff for Colored people, not once, but again and again. (Applause) Think of the disfranchisement in the South of the vote snatched from them because they were not shrewd enough to be more white (Laughter.) Think of the Constitution trampled in the South and of the rest of the country being silent! Think of those insulting Jim-Crow car laws aimed not at the depraved element but at the respectable Colored people!" At this point Mrs. Terrell turned suddenly to the chairman and shouted suddenly to the chairman and shouted "Mr. Chairman: I wish to make a motion, if I can get a seconder. It is that we send a cable from this meeting to Count Witte, of Russia, to call the Czar and all the dukes and duchesses, etc., to a meeting and to send to the United States a protest against the disfranchisement and lunching of Colored men in the United States." (Great hand clapping, laughing and cheering.) Several men seconded the motion. "The Constitutional Amendments are a dead letter, but the North is silent. If anyone speaks out against this wrong, he or she is called a 'stirrer-up' of strife. There is censure, not of the sinner but of the righteous. "They talk of educational suffrage tests. The north connives by its silence. It congratulates the South on this happy 'educational' solution. Just 24, 1906 as if every one who is outside of an insane hospital did not know that the illiterate white were all passed through and that intelligent Colored men were barred." Mrs. Terrell quoted a Southern editor in the Washington, D. C., Post, which she declared was a Southern paper, who admitted the ballot was safer in the hands of Southern Negroes than in the hands of the Southern poor whites, that there was no quantity of good government in the South while ignorant whites had the ballot and ignorant blacks had it not, and that there was not any freedom of speech there. She said that there was an element of that kind in the South who wanted the constitution enforced. "The North does not want to hear about the woes of the South, but I should think it would care something about preserving its own rightful influence in national affairs. At present the vote of one white man in Mississippi equals that of ten men in New York, for the representation of a Northern State in Congress is based upon the number of its voters, while that of a Southern State is proportioned to a large non-voting or Colored, population. "The North should not be afraid to uphold the constitution in this matter for it would have the co-operation of a large element in the South. The Colored man is not the only slave in the South. There are hundreds of well meaning, intelligent white people who want to do the right thing, but they are bound by the chains of a tyrannous public opinion. They dare not stand up for what they know is right. The North's duty is to free not only the Colored people, but this large class of white people by insisting on the Constitution being respected." The North had better soon realize that its own self-preservation depends on righting these wrongs. The policy of tolerating wrong, of forbearance for evil doer will bring disaster again as it once did. God grant our nation will not bring on again retribution of blood and war. "It is the duty of the North," she said in frenzied tones, "to protect the South from itself, to turn the people of the South from their narrow, mean, convict lease system -- a form of slavery even more cruel in some respects than chattel slavery. There were the men, women and children hurled into eternity, unshriven and untried, by the bloodthirsty mob. There was the infamous Jim-Crow cars of the South. "What would Russia say," she exclaimed, "when he and his dukes heard that a protest had been made in the United States against Russia's treatment of the Jews," (Uproar of applause and laughter.) "Even Russia knows that in America there has been a Kishineff for Colored people, not once, but again and again. (Applause). Think of the disfranchisement in the South of the vote snatched from them because they were not shrewd enough to be more white (Laughter.) Think of the Constitution trampled in the South and of the rest of the country being silent! Think of those insulting Jim-Crow car laws aimed not at the depraved element but at the respectable Colored people!" At this point Mrs. Terrell turned suddenly to the chairman and shouted "Mr. Chairman: I wish to make a motion, if I can get a seconder. It is that we send a cable from this meeting to Count Witte, of Russia, to call the Czar and all the dukes and duchesses, etc., to a meeting and to send to the United States a protest against the disfranchisement and lynching of Colored men in the United States." (Great hand clapping, laughing and cheering.) Several men seconded the motion. "The Constitutional Amendments are a dead letter, but the North is silent. If anyone speaks out against this wrong, he or she is called a 'stirrer-up' of strife. There is censure, not of the sinner, but of the righteous. "They talk of educational suffrage tests. The north connives by its silence. It congratulates the South on this happy 'educational' solution. Just as if every one who is outside of an insane hospital did not know that the illiterate white were all passed through and that intelligent Colored men were barred." Mrs. Terrell quoted a Southern editor in the Washington, D. C., Post, which she declared was a Southern paper, who admitted the ballot was safer in the hands of Southern Negroes than in the hands of the Southern poor whites, that there was no quantity of good government in the South while ignorant whites had the ballot and ignorant blacks had it not, and that there was not any freedom of speech there. She said that there was an element of that kind in the South who wanted the constitution enforced. "The North does not want to hear about the woes of the South, but I should think it would care something about preserving its own rightful influence in national affairs. At present the vote of one white man in Mississippi equals that of ten men in New York, for the representation of a Northern State in Congress is based upon the number of its voters, while that of a Southern State is proportioned to a large non-voting or Colored, population. "The North should not be afraid to uphold the constitution in this matter, for it would have the co-operation of a large element in the South. The Colored man is not the only slave in the South. There are hundreds of well meaning, intelligent white people who want to do the right thing, but they are bound by the chains of a tyrannous public opinion. They dare not stand up for what they know is right. The North's duty is to free not only the Colored people, but this large class of white people by insisting on the Constitution being respected." The North had better soon realize that its own self-preservation depends on righting these wrongs. The policy of tolerating wrong, of forbearance for evil doer will bring disaster again as it once did. God grant our nation will not bring on again retribution of blood and war. "It is the duty of the North," she said in frenzied tones, "to protect the South from itself, to turn to people of the South from their narrow, mean, and petty prejudices and breathe into their hearts broad Christian charity. When one section of the country reverts to barbaric, antedeluvian practices, shall we let the rash and wicked brother toboggan to his ruin ? These men here are the truest friends of the South in the land. The bitterest enemies the South has are those who oppose the punishment of reduction for violating the law. "But the silence of the North of late years deserves only one name - it is criminal. I have come to the conclusion that the North is suffering from fatty degeneration of the brain, the decay of noble sentiment and the decadence of chivalry in the North Northern neutrality on the subject of Negro disfranchisement in the South is treason- treason to the government as a whole, treason to the principles upon which the government was founded." Mrs. Terrell arraigned Mr. F. Hopkinson Smith with scathing sarcasm. She called him the man who sought notoriety by trying to prove the falsity of Uncle Tom's Cabin, written by that sainted woman, Mrs. Stowe. She said he opposed the ballot for the Colored race because he knew it was absolutely the only thing which could give the race a chance to rise. She denounced his charge that white men could not leave their women alone be this wrong, he or she is called a 'stirrer-up' of strife. There is censure not of the sinner, but of the righteous. "They talk of educational suffrage tests. The north connives by its silence. It congratulates the South on this happy 'educational' solution. Just 24, 1906 (headline cut off) as if every one who is outside of an insane hospital did not know that the illiterate white were all passed through and that intelligent Colored men were barred" Mrs. Terrell quoted a Southern editor in the Washington, D.C., Post, which she declared was a Southern paper, who admitted the ballot was safer in the hands of Southern Negroes than in the hands of the Southern poor whites, that there was no quantity of good government in the South while ignorant whites had the ballot and ignorant blacks had it not, and that there was not any freedom of speech there. She said that there was an element of that kind in the South who wanted the constitution enforced. "The North does not want to hear about the woes of the South, but I should think it would care something about preserving its own rightful influence in national affairs. At present the vote of one white man in Mississippi equals that of ten men in New York, for the representation of a Northern State in Congress is based upon the number of its voters, while that of a Southern State is proportioned to a large non-voting or Colored, population. "The North should not be afraid to uphold the constitution in this matter, for it would have the co-operation of a large element in the South. The Colored man is not the only slave in the South. There are hundreds of well meaning, intelligent white people who want to do the right thing, but they are bound by the chains of a tyrannous public opinion. They dare not stand up for what they know is right. The North's duty is to free not only the Colored people, but this large class of white people by insisting on the Constitution being respected." The North had better soon realize that its own self-preservation depends on righting these wrongs. The policy of tolerating wrong, of forbearance for evil doer will bring disaster again as it once did. God grant our nation will not bring on again retribution of blood and war. "It is the duty of the North," she said in frenzied tones, "to protect the South from itself, to turn the people of the South from their narrow, mean, and petty prejudices and breathe into their hears broad Christian charity. When one section of the country reverts to barbaric, antedeluvian practices, shall we let the rash and wicked brother toboggan to his ruin? These men here are the truest friends of the South in the land. The bitterest enemies the South has are those who oppose the punishment of reduction for violating the law. "But the silence of the North of late years deserves only one name - it is criminal. I have come to the conclusion that the North is suffering from fatty degeneration of the brain, the decay of noble sentiment and the decadence of chivalry in the North Northern neutrality on the subject of Negro disfranchisement in the South is treason - treason to the government as a whole, treason to the principles upon which the government was founded." Mrs. Terrell arraigned Mr. F. Hopkinson Smith with scathing sarcasm. She called him the man who sought notoriety by trying to prove the falsity of Uncle Tom's Cabin, written by that sainted woman, Mrs. Stowe. She said he opposed the ballot for the Colored race because he knew it was absolutely the only thing which could give the race a chance to rise. She denounced his charge that white men could not leave their women alone because Colored men would assault them as a calumny, disproved by the criminal statistics from even Southern sources. Here the chairman made a second ineffectual attempt to stop the speaker, which aroused the audience. Before concluding she said it would be encouraging if as a result of this meeting white men would be found who would oppose disfranchisement and Colored people who would unqualified demand the suffrage. When finally Mrs. Terrell finished, the audience gave her such applause as to make it clear that they were with her as against the chairman. (Continued from Page 1.) Meeting of Alumni Association. The annual meeting of Oberlin College Alumni Association was held in the tent, on Tuesday evening, the president who was chosen last year, J. F. Baldwin, M.D., of Columbus, class of '70, presiding. Prayer was offered by Prof. Geo. T. Fairchild, LL. D., '62 O.C. Dr. Baldwin made some opening remarks, referring to the fact that Oberlin did not appear so well in the eyes of the people about thirty years ago as it does now. He spoke of the changes in the faculty, saying there is not now a name in the list of which appeared in it in the catalogue of 1870. New teachers have come, who are probably just as good. The annual address before the alumni was delivered by Prof. W. E. C. Wright, D.D., of Olivet College, '65 was well back into the first half of the life of the college. Of the three thousand graduates of the college, nine-tenths are later than 1865. "Oberlin's Contribution to Ethics" was the theme of the address. It will be found in full in the July Bibliotheca Sacra. After the close of the address, the business session was held. Rev Dan F. Bradley, '82, was chosen orator for next year and Rev. W. L. Tenney, '85, alternate. While a nominating committee, consisting of Rev. C. N. Pond, Hastings H. Hart and Rev. I. W. Metcalf, was preparing a report, Dr. Howard H. Russell spoke of a plan which had been suggested for making regular annual payments to Oberlin College upon the Living Endowment plan. After remarks by Prof. A. W. Burr and a number of others, a committee consisting of Prof. A. W. Burr of Beloit, Wis. C. H. Kirshner of Kansas City, and G. M. Jones of Oberlin, was appointed to prepare a constitution for the plan and present it at the alumni banquet. The following officers for the ensuing year were chosen: President, Judge D. J. Nye, '79, Elyria; first vice president, Prof. A. W. Burr, '68, Beloit, Wis.; second vice president, Rev. A. T. Reed, '70, Oberlin; third vice president, C. H. Kirshner, '80, Kansas City, Mo.; secretary and treasurer, Prof. A.S. Root, '84, Oberlin. N. P. Willard, Esq., of Chicago, presented a resolution looking to better railway facilities for Oberlin, which was adopted. A committee consisting of H. H. Hard of Chicago, J. G. W Cowles of The resignation of Mrs. Lord as Assistant Dean of the Woman's Department was accepted, and a committee was appointed to draw up a suitable expression of the feelings of the board in appreciation of what Mrs. Lord has done for Oberlin during the sixteen years she has held the position. The committee is composed of Gen. Shurtleff, Gen. Cox, and Dr. Tenney. The following appointments were approved: Miss E. Louis Brownback, Tutor in English in Oberlin Academy, one year; Miss Helen B. Willard, Tutor in Declamation in Oberlin Academy, one year; Miss Alice Bertha Foster, Director of Woman's Gymnasium, one year, reappointment; Miss Mary A. Reed, teacher in Woman's Gymnasium, one year, reappointment; Miss Louise C. Pond, Assistant Dean of the Woman's Department; Miss Mary Eleanor Barrows to take charge for next year of the Freshman English in four or five divisions, under the oversight of Professor Luce, and Miss Edith Dickson to do work in connection with the reading of themes. The Trustees voted certain honorary degrees, which were announced at the commencement exercises on Wednesday last. The Trustees voted also to bestow degrees upon members of the graduating class of 1900, as recommended by the faculty. The resignation of T. N. Carver was received and accepted. Professor Carver has resigned to accept an appointment as Associate Professor in Harvard. On account of ill health, the Trustees voted to grant a leave of absence for one year to Prof. A. A. Wright, professor of Geology and Zoology, with the understanding that Instructor Lynds Jones shall take charge of the classes in his absence. The trustees approved the recommendation of the faculty in establishing free tuition arrangements for certain post-graduate students as follows: The college is to be grouped in the following groups: Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy. Biology, Geology, Botany. Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology. German and Romance Languages. Latin, German and Classical Archaeology. Economics, History and History Courses in Philosophy, Psychology and Pedagogy. English Literature, Composition and Oratory. The teachers in each group are to have the power to recommend to the college faculty a post-graduate student in the lines of their group for free tuition each year, with the understanding [cut off] Swing was chosen to represent the [?]leges of Ohio in a conference of stud[?] from various western instituti[?] which was held in Chicago to form [?] inaugurate the plan. The prime mover in the establishment of the Oberlin Review was [?] Lee, who also represented the [?] first editorial board. His [?] were seconded by the class. One [?] from other departments, notably T.E. Burton, now Congressman [?] Cleveland, shared in the preliminary stages of the work. Tutor Jones "Long Jones" was the first editor [?] chief. The question whether lady graduates especially from the [?] course, should be permitted to [?] at commencement (it had [?] agitated before) was taken up and successfully pressed by '74 and Miss [?] Forester Rice, afterward an instructor in the ladies' department and now Mrs. Smith of Cameron, Mo., was the first to deliver an oration without manuscript, which she did with credit to herself, the class, and the institution. It was the active interest on the part of one or two members of [?] in the cause of temperance, according to the testimony of Professor Shartleff, which led to one of the most important temperance movements [?] the College has known. Two members of the class have published books - Mr. J.H. Teller, a work on "The Battle of the Standards," which had a large circulation in the presidential campaign of '96, and Rev. Frank T. Lee, a volume just issued, entitled, "Popular Misconceptions as to Christian Faith and Life," which has received hearty commendations both from the religious and the secular press. Altogether a pretty good record for one class. Reunion of the Class of '80. Class of '80 O.C. held their class reunion at the beautiful home of Mr. and Mrs. Warner (Miss Nettie Monroe) on Tuesday, June 26, from 5 to 12 p.m. The matter of holding the reunion at Wellington was the thought of Mrs. Goodrich, who was the class secretary and correspondent for the last year. Two teams carried the members of the class to and from Oberlin, and the whole affair was one of the most enjoyable of this commencement occasion. We found the spacious Warner home tastefully decorated with crimson and gold, and just over the arch in the hall draped with the college colors was hung "'80 O.C." About twenty members and adopted members of '80 were present. The secretary appoint [?] THE OBERLIN NEWS, FR [?] three years if desired. The three years course requires men to work at top speed, but bright men can accomplish the course successfully. The value of a year in the graduate school is then emphasized for further specialization for those who do not go into the professions. Prof Edward G. Bourne of Yale said that Yale was trying experimentally the plan which Harvard had rejected by splicing the college and professional courses. This is being done by a different method, however, of giving the college senior a chance to take about half of his required work in the professional school. The extension of the elective system makes it possible to get as much liberal culture in three years as in four twenty-five years ago. By pushing back the purely disciplinary work to the secondary schools. The college can be more free for liberal studies, especially since professional studies are so rigidly disciplinary. Professor Wenley of University of Michigan continued the discussion, speaking from the standpoint of an outsider of but three years observation of American educational problems. [?] pointed out that the present conditions are transitional, that needs are different in different regions, that there is no agreement on the meaning of a college course, and that certainly these questions cannot be solved all at once. The elective system needs to be restrained by some scheme of faculty advisors for each student; there is need to maintain a standard requiring definite knowledge from a college graduate rather than a mere smattering here and there. To this end there should be a fourth year of rather specialized work for an A.B. degree. Prof. Conkling of University of Pennsylvania closed the program. This year the University of Pennsylvania has taken up the question for the first time. The feeling has been that the length of the college and professional course cuts off many young men from these avenues to larger life and usefulness; not only because of the time, but because of the money cost. Professor Conkling claimed a decided cultural value for many professional studies. Pennsylvania has adopted provisionally the splicing plan for students who go into professional study and still requires four years of strictly college work from others. Patriotic Meeting. Gen. Jacob D. Cox presided at the patriotic meeting held Tuesday afternoon at 3 o'clock, The survivors of Oberlin's noble Company C, President Fairchild and others were seated on the platform. Lehman's "Young Loch THE MINNEAPOLIS TRIBUNE: SUNDAY people into a better frame of mind towards the negros. If the latter will follow the teaching of Booker T. Washington and strive to make themselves industrially independent while seeking a higher education, a large percentage of them will in time become so palpably qualified to exercise the voting privilege that their right to do so will not be denied by the intelligent white people of their section. Education for both races is needed in the South more than punitory legislation. _____________________________________________________________________ THE COLORADO HORROR. Such an awful affair as the burning of the negro Preston Porter at Limon, Col., is a very disagreeable subject to talk about or write about; and yet the self-respecting press should not neglect to raise its voice in protest again such a relapse into medieval cruelty. The offense of the negro was camnable and deserve death, and this punishment would undoubtedly have been inflicted by the laws of Colorado, through its duly accredited officials, in due course. One is almost tempted to sympathize with the mob that takes the law into its own hands and exercises the usurpatory prerogative of "Judge Lynch" under such circumstances -- but it is incumbent upon public educators rather to advise a noble self-restraint and the exhibition of the highest manhood in dealing out lawful justice rather than unlawful revenge. We had hoped that such exhibitions of savagery as the burning alive of a human being at the stake would be confined to the past offenses in that line, and to the Southern states where the practice of excessive brutality in dealing with the negro is a survival of the evil influence of the institution of slavery. To have such a horror perpetrated in a Northern and Western state like Colorado, where the average of intelligence is confessedly very high, is almost a discouragement to believers in human progress. In our modern code of ethics a resort to torture is never justifiable. Our laws recognize the death penalty as proper in certain cases, but the prescription of the law is that such penalty be inflicted in the most humane manner possible. The eighth amendment to the constitution of the United States, which is binding upon all the states, declares that no cruel and unusual punishment shall be inflicted. This applies to all crimes, and is absolutely prohibitory of such punishment as burning alive. The members of the Colorado mob were deliberately violating and setting at defiance the constitution of the United States as well as the laws of their own state. When the anger of a community is aroused it may be useless to cite the constitution and the laws, or to offer any protest; but a spirit of good citizenship may be inculcated by constant educational effort so that communities may in time outgrow the fierce primitive instincts and obtain better control of their passions. It seems to us that the governor of Colorado is justly censurable in this affair. It was known for days that the intense feeling of revenge was developing against the negro, and the governor could hardly fail to foresee that an exhibition of mob violence would occur unless the culprit were protected by militia or removed to a secure refuge. It was the governor's duty to consult with the local authorities and judiciary and to exert all the powers with which the law has invested him to avert so deplorable a catastrophe. Early in the week, when it, was known that trouble was brewing, Gov. Thomas is said to have declared, in an interview, that he had nothing to do with the matter. But as the governor of Colorado, as the man who had taken an oath to see that the laws were faithfully executed, he had something to do with the matter, and it was his province to take time by the forelock and intervene before it was too late. He was not doing his full duty when he assumed a purely technical attitude and resolved to wait until made upon him for militia by the local authorities in the mode prescribed by law. It was his duty to bring into play all the moral power which his exalted position gave him. The dispatches say that the general sentiment expressed in Denver "approves the execution of the negro, but deprecates the methods adopted." Gov. Thomas could not be justified in tacitly approving by non-interference, even such a mild case of lynching as might be involved in merely banging or shooting. A GEM OF MOVING ELOQUENCE. Last week's most notable event in our city was the meeting here of the executive committee of the national Woman's Council. The delegates embraced some of the most prominent women of our country, and the subjects discussed were of local, national and world-wide interest. The public sessions which were conducted according to strict parliamentary law, showed the progress that American women have made in a science once supposed to be the exclusive province of man. The afternoon and evening sessions which were open to the public were of unusual interest. The addresses of Mrs. Sewall and Mrs. Gaffney, presidents respectively of the International and National councils, were able, timely and eloquent and set forth clearly and forcibly the aims of these vast bodies of earnest, progressive women and the work they have already accomplished. While the addresses of all the speakers were admirable in subject and treatment, the palm must be conceded to Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, the colored delegate from Washington, D C. Mrs. Terrell is a woman of refined, imposing presence, the wife of a prominent lawyer, and a member of the Washington board of education, her special work being the establishment of kindergartens for colored children. Her husband like herself, was educated at Oberlin college, that institution which has done so much for the uplifting of a down trodden race. Her subject was "The Progress of Colored Women." Taking for her text the words "Lifting as We Climb," the motto of the progressive leaders of her race, she pleaded for justice to her people in eloquent, impassioned language that moved many of her audience to tears. In beauty and refinement of diction, as well as in impressive earnestness, her appeal was a masterpiece of oratory. She did not seek to exalt the virtues of her race. She owned to a degeneracy born of long years of ignorance and servitude, and set forth the present disabilities her people are suffering from the color prejudice rife in the North, and almost a mania in the South. She demonstrated the folly of expecting a, but a few years ago freed from slavery, to rise in one short generation of freedom, to levels which the white races have reached only through the slow evolution of centuries. Her ideas of the elevation of her people conform to the practical theories of Booker Washington. There were two colored delegates to this important gathering of the leading spirits of a great organization which is formed on broad lines, and admits no invidious distinctions on account of race, creed or color. Its enthusiastic reception of Mrs. Terrell was in striking contrast to the treatment suffered last summer by Mrs. Rufflin at the Milwaukee biennial, the national reunion of the Federation of Women's clubs. Mrs. Rufflin, a refined, education woman of Boston, who stood so high in the intellectual circles of that city that she was chosen by three of its leading white women's clubs to represent them at the biennial, was denied admittance as a delegate, because, although she might have passed for a white woman, she had a few drops of colored blood in her veins, and came as a representative of an association of the race to which she remotely belongs. We hear of a Massachusetts woman's club which a few days ago withdrew from the federation on account of its insult to Mrs. Ruffin. It is said that other clubs THE WOMAN'S JOURNAL: BOSTON, SATURDAY, APRIL 16, 1904 lowing books: An Essay on Intuitive Morals, 1855; Religious Duty, 1857; Pursuits of Women, 1863; Cities of the Past, 1863; Broken Lights, 1864; Italics, 1864; Studies Ethical and Social, 1865; Hours of Work and Play, 1867; Dawning Lights, 1868; Alone, to Thee Alone, 1871; Darwinism in Morals, 1872; Hopes of the Human Race, 1874; False Beauty and True, 1875; Reechoes, 1876; Duties of Women, 1880; The Peak in Darien, 1881; A Faithless World, 1885. Miss Cobbe also issued a great number of pamphlets, among them The Workhouse as a Hospital, 1861; Friendless Girls and How to Help Them, 1861, containing an account of the Preventive Mission at Bristol; Female Education, 1862; The Red Flag in John Bull's Eyes, 1863; Criminals, Idiots, Women and Minors, The Age of Science, The Moral Aspects of Vivisection, The Higher Expediency, Light in Dark Places, Science in Excelsis, etc. A. S. B. THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION. (Concluded.) TUESDAY AFTERNOON, FEB. 16. The afternoon was largely taken up with the election of officers. The result has already been published. Mr. Myers of Portland, Oregon, in behalf of the Lewis and Clark Exposition, invited the Association to hold its next annual convention in Portland. He promised in behalf of the Exposition Company three hundred dollars toward the expenses of the convention, and the Oregon E. S. A. promised two hundred. He set forth at length the advantages of the Association's going to Portland, and mentioned that fourteen National Conventions had already agreed to meet there during the Exposition. Mrs. Williams of Buffalo gave a cordial invitation from the P. E. Club of that city, backed by the New York State W. S. A., and said that $1,000 was already pledged toward the expenses, if the convention came there. The Corresponding Secretary read an invitation from Detroit. It was voted by a large majority to go to Oregon. Votes of thanks were passed to Buffalo and Detroit. At the request of Mr. Myers, a resolution was passed endorsing the Exposition. TUESDAY EVENING. This was the second Colorado evening. Miss Anthony presided, and spoke briefly of her experience in the first Colorado campaign. Mrs. Isabella Churchill spoke on "How woman suffrage affects women," and Ellis Meredith on the laws of Colorado. Both these addresses have already been published in the Journal. Mrs. Helen L. Crenfell, State Superintendent of Public Instruction for Colorado, said: It is embarrassing to have been brought all the way from Colorado and placed before you here just because I hold an office. The honor is certainly paid to the office, not to the woman. I have held office for six terms, and have done so unwomanly a thing as to vote for ten years; but I never attended a woman suffrage convention before. It seems as strange to me to be here as it would to my husband if he had travelled thousands of miles to plead that he and his brothers might be allowed to vote. It is a cause for surprise that thinking women, able women, wanting to do the best for their country as well as for their family, and able to do so much, should be obliged to beg for the privilege. Opponents seem to be concentrating their attacks on Colorado, and why should they do this unless they fear Colorado's influence? A stranger travelled into the lumber regions, and there was great curiousity as to his business. At last the stage-driver said to him: "You aren't a drummer, for you have no satchel; nor a lawyer, for you don't talk enough; nor a minister, for you cussed when you barked your shin getting into the wagon. What in thunder is your profession?" The stranger answered, "I am a politician." "A politician!" said the driver. "Oh, politics ain't a profession; that's a disorder!" That type of politician is always opposed to equal rights for women. Mrs. Grenfell went on to give her address on "Education in Colorado," which has already been published. Miss Anthony introduced Mr. Henry B. Blackwell as "a man who went to Colorado in the first campaign, in 1877." Mr. Blackwell spoke of the first Colorado campaign. Lucy Stone said, "We must have the Centennial State for woman suffrage," and he and she went through almost the whole of Colorado. John and Margaret W. Campbell devoted a year to the work there, going in a buggy up the mountains and down the valleys, suffering untold hardships for the cause. WEDNESDAY MORNING. Prayer was offered by Rev. S. M. Newman, D. D., pastor of the First Congregational Church. The pending amendments to the Constitution were discussed and acted upon. These will be given in full in the Minutes. The old method of voting was restored, by which in the election of officers the delegates present from any State may cast the full vote to which that State is entitled. A committee of these parliamentarians, Mrs. Hackstaff, Mrs. Bradford and Mrs. Sweet, was appointed to devise over a Work Conference held to discuss the question, "What legislative work shall State and National Suffrage Associations do, and how shall it be accomplished?" In the discussion, Mrs. Helen L. Grenfell asked the delegates to support the bill pending in Congress in behalf of national protection for children and animals. She said in part: "We want to make ourselves a vital moral power, and to take up something that will appeal, not only to the men, who alone can give us the ballot, but to the hearts of the indifferent women. In supporting this bill, you will be doing something to show that behind your desire for the ballot is the wish to bring about better conditions. The protection of children appeals to every woman, whether she has any or not." Another work conference followed, on "What Associations do, and how?" Mrs. Maud C. Stockwell presided. mrs. Terrell of the District of Columbia was among those who spoke from the floor. She said in part: "The Colorado women want you to stand up for children and animals; I want you to stand up not only for children and animals, but even for Negroes. You will never get suffrage till you have so far developed the sense of justice in men as to give fair play to the colored race. Much has been said about the purchasability of the Negro vote. They never sold their votes till they found that it made no difference how they cast them. Then, being poor and ignorant and human, they began to sell them. But soon after the war I knew many efforts to tempt them to do so which were not successful. My sisters of the dominant race, stand up not only for the oppressed sex, but also for the oppressed race!" WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON. The report of the Federal Suffrage Committee, written by Mrs. Sarah Clay Bennett, and the report of the Committee on Increase of Membership, were read by Miss Laura Clay. "An Hour with Field Workers" followed. Addresses were made by Miss Harriet May Mills, Miss Mary N. Chase, Mrs. Priscilla D. Hackstaff and Miss Laura A. Gregg. Miss Arabella Carter and Mrs. Olive Pond Amies were introduced as fraternal delegates from the Universal Peace Union and the Pennsylvania W. C. T. U. respectively, and gave cordial greetings. Mrs. Catt called to the platform Miss Emily Howland, Miss Mary Anthony, Dr. Mary D. Hussey, Mrs. Hannah J. Bailey, Mrs. Amos Brown, Miss C. R. Wendell, Mrs. M. W. Chapman, Mrs. Upton and her "three girls" at Headquarters, Miss Frances Ellen Burr, Mrs. Krebs of California, and Mrs. Emma B. Sweet, and introduced them to the audience, speaking in praise of their work. Miss Howland said in part: MISS EMILY HOWLAND'S ADDRESS. I suppose I was asked to speak because I was thought to be filled with reminiscences. I have a good many. I remember Lucy Stone holding a series of meetings through New York State in my youth. My uncle came home and reported that a young woman was lecturing and putting up her own posters; that she was very bright, and he was not sure but that she was right, and what she advocated would have to come. It has proved true. The dawn is now reddening the sky. As John Adams wrote to his wife, those who hold power are always slow to relinquish it; but the light is destined to spead over all the earth. As I think of those three great leaders, Lucy Stone, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, I know what heroism is. We somen did not fully realize at first that militarism was our greatest foe. We are always told that women must not vote because they could not fight. I believe they could-I see many women who have more fight in them than many men-but it was necessary that one sex should be told off to foster life, not to destroy it. Our cause came straight from the anti-slavery cause. All its early advocates were also advocates of the despised race in bondage. Our beginning was not for ourselves, it was altruistic; in trying to remedy the wrongs of others, we learned our own. Therefore it must conquer. Let us not forget the despised race. Our country has grown so great and its problems so complex that we must meet them as wisely and righteously as we can. Neither a nation nor an individual can be really free till all are free. Let us take counsel of our inmost and best. Then we shall feel that we must work for the uplifting of all. Ellis Meredith conducted a "Colorado Question Box." The questions and answers are published in Progress for April. Sent 10 cents to Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton, Warren, O., for a year's subscription to Progress, and you will get them, and much other interesting matter besides. Mr. Henry B. Blackwell, as chairman of the Resolutions Committee, reported the resolutions, which were discussed and adopted, with additional ones offered by Mrs. Grenfell and Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead. The resolutions have already been published. SATURDAY EVENING. Prayer was offered by Rev. John Van Shaick, Jr., pastor of the Church of Our Father. Mrs. Evelyn H. Belden made a witty address entitled "The Main Line." Mrs. Harriot Stanton Blatch spoke on "Points from Morley's Gladstone." She said in part: MRS. STANTON BLATCH'S SPEECH. Morley's Life of Gladstone is a most and toward modern democracy, you will think that the Grand Old Man had no energy left to tackle such a subject as this. Ruskin accused Gladstone of being "a leveller." He said he was not-that he believed in the rule of the best, but that the only way to get it was through freedom. He never changed his point of view about liberty. Was he never tempted to do so? Class after class that he enfranchised gave him no help afterward, but the old warrior only buckled on his armor and said, "If I cannot fight with them, I will fight for them." "It is only liberty that can prepare men for the use of liberty," he said when Sir. Frederick Cavendish was assasinated. Gladstone asked what showed people fit for freedom so much as self-control and respect for law. When were those qualities ever shown in a higher degree than during the Lancashire famine? And three quarters of those who suffered so courageously were women and children. Mrs. J. Ellen Foster spoke on "Campaigning in the Free States." She bore emphatic tribute to the good effects of equal suffrage on the women. An eloquent address by Rev. Anna H. Shaw closed the program; and one of the most successful conventions in our history adjourned tender to the last. She did not dread to nia. go-rather desired release from a body of great number of pamphlets, among them The Workhouse as a Hospital, 1861; Friendless Girls and How to Help Them, 1861, containing an account of the Preventive Mission at Bristol; Female Education, 1862; The Red Flag in John Bull's Eyes, 1863; Criminals, Idiots, Women and Minors, The Age of Science, The Moral Aspects of Vivisection, The Higher Expediency, Light in Dark Places, Science in Excelsis, etc. A. S. B. THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION. (Concluded.) TUESDAY AFTERNOON, FEB. 16. The afternoon was largely taken up with the election of officers. The result has already been published. Mr. Myers of Portland, Oregon, in behalf of the Lewis & Clark Exposition, invited the Association to hold its next annual convention in Portland. He promised in behalf of the Exposition Company three hundred dollars toward the expenses of the convention, and the Oregon E. S. A. promised two hundred. He set forth at length the advantages of the Association's going to Portland, and mentioned that fourteen National Conventions had already agreed to meet there during the Exposition. Mrs. Williams of Buffalo gave a cordial invitation from the P. E. Club of that city, backed by the New York State W.S. A., and said that $1,000 was already pledged toward the expenses, if the convention came there. The Corresponding Secretary read an invitation from Detroit. It was voted by a large majority to go to Oregon. Votes of thanks were passed to Buffalo and Detroit. At the request of Mr. Myers, a resolution was passed endorsing the Exposition. TUESDAY EVENING. This was the second Colorado evening. Miss Anthony presided, and spoke briefly of her experience in the first Colorado campaign. Mrs. Isabella Churchill spoke on "How woman suffrage affects women," and Ellis Meredith on the laws of Colorado. Both these addresses have already been published in the JOURNAL. Mrs. Helen L. Grenfell, , State Superintendent of Public Instruction for Colorado, said: It is embarrassing to have been brought all the way from Colorado and placed before you here just because I hold an office. The honor is certainly paid to the office, not to the woman. I have held office for six terms, and have done so unwomanly a thing as to vote for ten years; but I never attended a woman suffrage convention before. It seems as strange to me to be here as it would to my husband if he had travelled thousands of miles to plead that he and his brothers might be allowed to vote. It is a cause for surprise that thinking women, able women, wanting to do the best for their country as well as for their family, and able to do so much, should be obliged to beg for the privilege. Opponents seem to be concentrating their attacks on Colorado, and why should they do this unless they fear Colorado's influence? A stranger travelled into the lumber regions, and there was great curiosity as to his business. At last the stage-driver said to him: "You aren't a drummer, for you have no satchel; nor a lawyer, for you don't talk enough; nor a minister, for you cussed when you barked your shin getting into the wagon. What in thunder is your profession?" The stranger answered, "I am a politician." "A politician!" said the driver. "Oh, politics ain't a profession; that's a disorder!" That type of politician is always opposed to equal right for women. Mrs. Grenfell went on to give her address on "Education in Colorado," which has already been published. Miss Anthony introduced Mr. Henry B. Blackwell as "a man who went to Colorado in the first campaign, in 1877." Mr. Blackwell spoke of the first Colorado campaign. Lucy Stone said, "We must have the Centennial State for woman suffrage," and he and she went through almost the whole of Colorado. John and Margaret W. Campbell devoted a year to the work there, going in a buggy up the mountains and down the valleys, suffering untold hardships for the cause. WEDNESDAY MORNING. Prayer was offered by Rev. S.M. Newman, D.D., pastor of the First Congregational Church. The pending amendments to the Constitution were discussed and acted upon. These will be given in full in the Minutes. The old method of voting was restored, by which in the election of officers the delegates present from any State may cast the full vote too which that State is entitled. A committee of three parliamentarians, Mrs. Hackstaff, Mrs. Bradford and Mrs. Sweet, was appointed to devise an improved method, and to report it in time so that, if adopted by the next annual convention, it may be used in the election of that year. Mrs. Mary Hutcheson Page presided doing something to show that behind your desire for the ballot is the wish to bring about better conditions. The protection of children appeals to every woman, whether she has any or not." Another work conference followed, on "What organization work shall State and National Associations do, and how?" Mrs. Maud C. Stockwell presided. Mrs. Terrell of the District of Columbia was among those who spoke from the floor. She said in part: "The Colorado women want you to stand up for children and animals; I want you to stand up not only for children and animals, but even for Negroes. You will never get suffrage till you have so far developed the sense of justice in men as to give fair play to the colored race. Much has been said about the purchasability of the Negro vote. They never sold their votes till they found that it made no difference how they cast them. Then, being poor and ignorant and human, they began to sell them. but soon after the war I knew many efforts to tempt them to do so which were not successful. My sisters of the dominant race, stand up not only for the oppressed sex, but also for the oppressed race!" WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON. The report of the Federal Suffrage Committee, written by Mrs. Sarah Clay Bennett, and the report of the Committee on Increase of Membership, were read by Miss Laura Clay. "An Hour with Field Workers" followed. Addresses were made by Miss Harriet May Mills, Miss Mary N. Chase, Mrs. Priscilla D. Hackstaff and Miss Laura A. Gregg. Miss Arabella Carter and Mrs. Olive Pond Amies were introduced as fraternal delegates from the Universal Peace Union and the Pennsylvania W.C.T.U. respectively, and gave cordial greetings,. Mrs. Catt called to the platform Miss Emily Howland, Miss Mary Anthony, Dr. Mary D. Hussey, Mrs. Hannah J. Bailey, Mrs. Amos Brown, Miss C.R. Wendell, Mrs. M.W. Chapman, Mrs. Upton and her "three girls" at Headquarters, Miss Frances Ellen Burr, Mrs. Krebs of California, and Mrs. Emma B. Sweet, and introduced them to the audience, speaking in praise of their work. Miss Howland said in part: MISS EMILY HOWLAND'S ADDRESS. I suppose I was asked to speak because I was thought to be filled with reminiscences. I have a good many. I remember Lucy Stone holding a series of meetings through New York State in my youth. My uncle came home and reported that a young woman was lecturing and putting up her own posters; that she was very bright, and he was not sure but that she was right, and what she advocated would have to come. It has proved true. The dawn is now reddening the sky. As John Adams wrote to his wife, those who hold power are always slow to relinquish it; but the light is destined to spread over all the earth. As I think of those three great leaders, Lucy Stone, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, I know what heroism is. We women did not fully realize at first that militarism was our greatest foe. We are always told that women must not vote because they could not fight. I believe they could - I see many women who have more fight in them than many men - but it was necessary that one sex should, be told off to foster life, not to destroy it. Our cause came straight from the antislavery cause. All its early advocates were also advocates of the despised race in bondage. Our beginning was not for ourselves,, it was altruistic; in trying to remedy the wrongs of others, we learned our own. Therefore it must conquer. Let us not forget the despised race. Our country has grown so great and its problems so complex that we must meet them as wisely and righteously as we can. Neither a nation nor an individual can be really free till all are free. Let us take counsel of our inmost and best. Then we shall feel that we must work for the uplifting of all. Ellis Meredith conducted a "Colorado Question Box." The questions and answers are published in Progress for April. Send 10 cents to Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton, Warren, O., for a year's subscription to Progress, and you will get them, and much other interesting matter besides. Mr. Henry B. Blackwell, as chairman of the Resolutions Committee, reported the resolutions, which were discussed and adopted, with additional ones offered by Mrs .Grenfell and Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead. The resolutions have already been published. SATURDAY EVENING. Prayer was offered by Rev. John Van Shaick, Jr., pastor of the Church of Our Father. Mrs. Evelyn H. Belden made a witty address entitled "The Main Line." Mrs. Harriot Stanton Blatch spoke on "Points from Morley's Gladstone." She said in part: MRS. STANTON BLATCH'S SPEECH. Morley's Life of Gladstone is a most vivid picture of the growth of a human soul from early prejudices to liberalism. Have you thought that he did nothing for us women? When you see his marvellous growth in religious ideas and fiscal ideas, liberty that can prepare men for the use of liberty," he said when Sir Frederick Cavendish was assassinated. Gladstone asked what showed people fit for freedom so much as self-control and respect for law. When were those qualities ever shown in a higher degree than during the Lancashire famine? And three quarters of those who suffered so courageously were women and children. Mrs. J. Ellen Foster spoke on "Campaigning in the Free States." She bore emphatic tribute to the good effects of equal suffrage on the women. An eloquent address by Rev. Anna H. Shaw closed the program; and one of the most successful conventions in our history adjourned. IN MEMORIAM. Mrs. TERREL The Famous Lecturer, at the Assembly Today. HARRIET BEECHER STOWE Was Chosen For Her Subject. Music Day Was Enjoyed By All - Germaine This Evening - Doings Around the Camp. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell came on the platform this forenoon and addressed a good-sized audience in the Auditorium, who were pleased with her culture, refinement, dignity and grace. She is a comely woman of perhaps forty years of age, is a woman of good address. Harriett Beecher Stowe as the author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin," is to her as to all her race, the one person in the world of literature, to whom they are more grateful than all others, so that it was not surprising that she could naturally eulogize the subject of her lecture. She gave many interesting details in the life of Mrs. Stowe, who was as we all know, the daughter of Dr. Lyman Beecher. At 17 she became a teacher, and at one time she and her sister thought strongly of establishing a school. But about that time the family moved to Cincinnati, where her father was connected with the Lane Theological Seminary and here it was that she met her future husband Calvin Stowe who was an instructor in the Seminary. Here too it was that Mrs. Stowe became familiar with the people whose lives she so largely influenced in after years for she so often crossed the river into the land of slavery. She was 21 years old when her father moved to Cincinnati and at 24 she married Mr. Stowe. The early years of their married life was full of those trials that fall to the lot of the average woman in limited circumstances, who must care for her little ones, though in ill health, for Professor Stowe was very conscientious and remained with Lane Seminary through the critical period when he received a very limited salary so that what his wife could earn with her pen helped largely in the support of the family. That to this little woman, struggling with ill health, burdened with domestic cares, would fall the task of writing a book, that would shake the foundations of an established wrong, and accomplished more than the eloquence of learned men who had so strongly advocated the annihilation of slavery, is beyond our comprehension, yet such was the case. Lincoln said to her, "Are you the little woman who made the great war?" Three hundred thousand copies were sold in this country the first year and a million and a half in other countries, and with the exception of the Bible and "Pilgrim's Progress," this book has been translated into more foreign languages than any other book. Mrs. Terrell was very favorably received by her audience, who listened attentively during her address. MORNING SERVICES. At 8:30 at the Temple this morning the children had for their lesson, "God, the Father, who Cares for All." They are manifesting more interest each day and will go back to their homes from under Miss Burton's care with many good thoughts implanted in their minds, some of which may bear the best of fruits in the future. At 10:00 Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, who is called the female "Booker among the talent this year. Last year the African boys were greatly enjoyed. Misses Irene and Myrtie Lacey, of Lancaster, were on the grounds yesterday afternoon. Rev. Smith and family of Haydenville have been the guests of Mr. J.A. Heim. The Glee Club treated the people who were at the depot last evening, to several pretty songs. The appearance of Gen. Booth here will recall that several years ago Mrs. Maud Booth was among the talent. Mr. and Mrs. Frank Cull, Misses Bina, Doll and Joe Kinsey came up from Sugar Grove yesterday afternoon. Miss Lillie Hitt, of New Salem, put in her first appearance here this year yesterday, and her many friends were glad to see her. All persons expecting mail to arrive at the Camp Ground after their departure should not forget to leave their home address at the post office. Today two new members of the talent will come on, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell in the morning, and Karl Germaine, the magician, in the evening. We have had the information from a reliable source that Brother Lewis was going to serve Hare (Rev. T.M.) for dinner yesterday but it was too tough. Now is the time to join the Chautauqua workers! Remember, the course of books will cost you only $4.50, and you can't invest that amount in any better way. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell has been in Lancaster at the Hotel Martin since yesterday, where she is enjoying a rest before she comes on the grounds, which will be this morning. Mr. Jay Barber, Treasurer of Franklin County, was the member of the Glee Club who contributed to the enjoyment of the audience by reciting several humorous selections. The remainder of the talent who are yet to come on the grounds are all new people, and among the most noted may be mentioned Gen. Ballington Booth, who will be here Saturday and Sunday. The Trustees were in session last night until a late hour, but did nothing definite, the time being taken up with discussing the ways and means of conducting affairs here next year, that the best possible results may be obtained. Carl Germain came in this morning and will be ready to excite the curiosity of every man in the audience this evening - for of course the ladies are never curious. This master magician comes to us highly recommended and every one should be on hand to see him. Many amusing things occur on these grounds. Wednesday evening a lady going from the Auditorium commented quite unfavorably concerning the character of the performance of the Boston Carnival Company, and some gentleman overhearing her, said to his wife "I'll venture she'll be hunting the best seat in the house tomorrow evening," and sure enough she was on hands early with a chair well toward the front. This world goes by contraries. The rain we had yesterday made the grounds very pleasant, and although it did not rain so long, yet the whole appearance of the camp was so improved that it will remain in a good condition from now on even if we do not get any more. The Boston Carnival and Concert Company had a very good audience yesterday evening, and judging by the reception given them, their hearers were well satisfied with the performance. Miss Ainsworth's sweet contralto voice is greatly admired, and the illustrated songs have been very much enjoyed, for besides listening to her charming voice we have had some very pretty scenes in connection with the singing. Then, too, her posing has been good. This company left the grounds this morning. the Assembly Today. HARRIET BEECHER STOWE Was Chosen For Her Subject. Music Day Was Enjoyed By All--Germaine This Evening--Doings Around The Camp Mrs. Mary Church Terrell came on the platform this forenoon and addressed a good-sized audience in the Auditorium, who were pleased with her culture, refinement, dignity and grace. She is a comely woman of perhaps forty years of age, is a women of good address. Harriet Beecher Stowe as the author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin," is to her as to all her race, the one person in the world of literature, to whom they are more grateful than all others, so that it was not surprising that she could naturally eulogize the subject of her lecture. She gave many interesting details in the life of Mrs. Stowe, who was as we all know, the daughter of Dr. Lyman Beecher. At 17 she became a teacher, and at one time she and her sister thought strongly of establishing a school. But about that time the family moved to Cincinnati, where her father was connected with the Lane Theological Seminary and here it was that she met her future husband Calvin Stowe who was an instructor in the Seminary. Here too it was that Mrs. Stowe became familiar with the people whose lives she so largely influenced in after years for she so often crossed the river into the land of slavery. She was 21 years old when her father moved to Cincinnati and at 24 she married Mr. Stowe. The early years of their married life was full of those trails that fall to the lot of the average woman in limited circumstances, who must care for her little ones, though in ill health, for Professor Stowe was very conscientious and remained with Lane Seminary through a critical period when he received a very limited salary so that what his wife could earn with her pen helped largely in the support of the family. That to this little woman, struggling with ill health, burdened with domestic cares, would fall the task of writing a book, that would shake the foundations of an established wrong, and accomplished more than the eloquence of learned men who had so strongly advocated the annihilation of slavery, is beyond our comprehension, yet such was the case. Lincoln said to her, "Are you the little woman who made the great war?" Three hundred thousand copies were sold in this country the first year and a million and a half in other countries, and with the exception of the Bible and "Pilgrim's Progress," this book has been translated into more foreign languages than any other book. Mrs. Terrell was very favorably received by her audience, who listened attentively during her address. MORNING SERVICES. At 8:30 at the Temple this morning the children had for their lesson, "God, the Father, who Cares for All." They are manifesting more interest each day and will go back to their homes from under Miss Burton's care with many good thoughts implanted in their minds, some of which may bear the best of fruits in the future. At 10:00 Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, who is called the female "Booker Washington," came on the platform and those who heard her thought the name no misnomer. Don't forget to write your friends to come and hear General Ballington Booth, who will be with us tomorrow and Sunday. He is the son of General Booth, the founder of the Salvation Army, and the husband of Mrs. Maud Ballington Booth, who was here several years ago. AFTERNOON SERVICES. At 2:00 today we had a joint entertainment by Spillman Riggs and Miss Wiant, which was much enjoyed. Mr. Riggs can whistle himself into the good graces of any audience. This is his last appearance here this year and he has made many friends while here, who will be sorry to see him leave. Miss Wiant will have an hour at 8:30 tomorrow yet at the Language Hall. NOTES. Miss Ola Glinder, of Lancaster, was out today. The Glee Club treated the people who were at the depot last evening, to several pretty songs. The appearance of Gen. Booth here will recall that several years ago Mrs. Maud Booth was among the talent. Mr. and Mrs. Frank Cull, Misses Bina, Doll and Joe Kinsey came up from Sugar Grove yesterday afternoon. Mrs. Lillie Hitt, of New Salem, put in her first appearance here this year yesterday, and her many friends were glad to see her. All persons expecting mail to arrive at the Camp Ground after their departure should not forget to leave their home address at the post office. Today two members of the talent will come on, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell in the morning, and Karl Germaine, the magician, in the evening. We have had the information from a reliable source that Brother Lewis was going to serve Hare (Rev. T.M.) for dinner yesterday but it was too tough. Now is the time to join the Chautauqua workers! Remember, the course of books will cost you only $4.50, and you can't invest that amount in any better way. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell has been in Lancaster at the Hotel Martin since yesterday, where she is enjoying a rest before she comes on the grounds, which will be this morning. Mr. Jay Barber, Treasurer of Franklin County, was the member of the Glee Club who contributed to the enjoyment of the audience by reciting several humorous selections. The remainder of the talent who are yet to come on the grounds are all new people, and among the most noted may be mentioned Gen. Ballington Booth, who will be here Saturday and Sunday. The Trustees were in session last night until a late hour, but did nothing definite, the time being taken up with discussing the ways and means of conducting affairs here next year, that the best possible results may be obtained. Carl Germain came in this morning and will be ready to excite the curiosity of every man in the audience this evening - for of course the ladies are never curious. This master magician comes to us highly recommended and every one should be on hand to see him. Many amusing things occur on these grounds. Wednesday evening a lady going from the Auditorium commented quite unfavorably concerning the character of the performance of the Boston Carnival Company, and some gentlemen overhearing her, said to his wife: "I'll venture she'll be hunting the best seat in the house tomorrow evening." and sure enough she was on hands early with a chair well toward the front. This world goes by contraries. The rain we had yesterday made the grounds very pleasant, and although it did not rain so long, yet the whole appearance of the camp was so improved that it will remain in a good condition from now on even if we do not get any more. The Boston Carnival and Concert Company had a very good audience yesterday evening, and judging by the reception given them, their hearers were well satisfied with the performance. Miss Ainsworth's sweet contralto voice is greatly admired, and the illustrated songs have been very much enjoyed, for besides listening to her charming voice we have had some very pretty scenes in connection with the singing. Then, too, her posing has been good. This company left the grounds this morning. dress. Harriet Beecher Stowe as the author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin," is to her as to all her race, the one person in the world of literature, to whom they are more grateful than all others, so that it was not surprising that she could naturally eulogize the subject of her lecture. She gave many interesting details in the life of Mrs. Stowe, who was as we all know, the daughter of Dr. Lyman Beecher. At 17 she became a teacher, and at one time she and her sister thought strongly of establishing a school. But about that time the family moved to Cincinnati, where her father was connected with the Lane Theological Seminary and here it was that she met her future husband Calvin Stowe who was an instructor in the Seminary. Here too it was that Mrs. Stowe became familiar with the people whose lives she so largely influenced in after years for she often crossed the river into the land of slavery. She was 21 years old when her father moved to Cincinnati and at 24 she married Mr. Stowe. The early years of their married life was full of those trials that fall to the lot of the average woman in limited circumstances, who must care for her little ones, though in ill health, for Professor Stowe was very conscientious and remained with Lane Seminary through a critical period when he received a very limited salary so that what his wife could earn with her pen helped largely in the support of the family. That to this little woman, struggling with ill health, burdened with domestic cares, would falll the task of writing a book, that would shake the foundations of an established wrong, and accomplished more than the eloquence of learned men who had so strongly advocated the annihilation of slavery, is beyond our comprehension, yet such was the case. Lincoln said to her, "Are you the little woman who made the great war?" Three hundred thousand copies were sold in this country the first year and a million and a half in other countries, and with the exception of the Bible and "Pilgrim's Progress," this book has been translated into more foreign languages than any other book. Mrs. Terrell was very favorably received by her audience, who listened attentively during her address. MORNING SERVICES. At 8:30 at the Temple this morning the children had for their lesson, "God, the Father, who Cares for All." They are manifesting more interest each day and will go back to their homes from under Miss Burton's care with many good thoughts implanted in their minds, some of which may bear the best of fruits in the future. At 10:00 Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, who is called the female "Booker Washington," came on the platform, and those who heard her thought the name no misnomer. Don't forget to write your friends to come and hear General Ballington Booth, who will be with us tomorrow and Sunday. He is the son of General Booth, the founder of the Salvation Army, and the husband of Mrs. Maud Ballington Booth, who was here several years ago. AFTERNOON SERVICES. At 2:00 today we had a joint entertainment by Spillman Riggs and Miss Wiant, which was much enjoyed. Mr. Riggs can whistle himself into the good graces of any audience. This is his last appearance here this year and he has made many friends while here, who will be sorry to see him leave. Miss Wiant will have an hour at 8:30 tomorrow yet at the Language Hall. NOTES. Miss Ola Ginder, of Lancaster, was out today. Dr. Howard Brown of Carroll, joined his wife who is at the Graybill cottage, yesterday. Mrs. Terrell will be the only representative of the colored race we have dinner yesterday but it was too tough. Now is the time to join the Chautauqua workers! Remember, the course of books will cost you only $4.50, and you can't invest that amount in any better way. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell has been in Lancaster at the Hotel Martin since yesterday, where she is enjoying a rest before she comes on the grounds, which will be this morning. Mr. Jay Barber, Treasurer of Franklin County, was the member of the Glee Club who contributed to the enjoyment of the audience by reciting several humorous selections. The remainder of the talent who are yet to come on the grounds are all new people, and among the most noted may be mentioned Gen. Ballington Booth, who will be here Saturday and Sunday. The Trustees were in session last night until a late hour, but did nothing definite, the time being taken up with discussing the ways and means of conducting affairs here next year, that the best possible results may be obtained Carl Germain came in this morning and will be ready to excite the curiosity of every man in the audience this evening -- for of course the ladies are never curious. This master magician comes to us highly recommended and every one should be on hand to see him. Many amusing things occur on these grounds. Wednesday evening a lady going from the Auditorium commented quite unfavorably concerning the character of the performance of the Boston Carnival Company, and some gentleman overhearing her, said to his wife: "I'll venture she'll be hunting the best seat in the house tomorrow evening;" and sure enough she was on hands early with a chair well toward the front. This world goes by contraries. The rain we had yesterday made the grounds very pleasant, and although it did not rain so long, yet the whole appearance of the camp was so improved that it will remain in a good condition from now on even if we do not get any more. The Boston Carnival and Concert Company had a very good audience yesterday evening, and judging by the reception given them, their hearers were well satisfied with the performance. Miss Ainsworth's sweet contralto voice is greatly admired, and the illustrated songs have been very much enjoyed, for besides listening to her charming voice we have had some very pretty scenes in connection with the singing. Then, too, her posing has been good. This company left the grounds this morning. STAR, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER, 24, 1901 Mrs. Mary Church Terrell Remarkable Woman Who Spoke on Race Problem Last Night A woman, tall, slender and distinguished in appearance, her dark face alight with intelligence and enthusiasm, stood in the pulpit of the African Methodist church las evening and addressed a large audience on "The Bright Side of the Race Problem." It is a pity that Mrs. Terrell's coming had not been more widely known in advance. For not only was her discourse on that might have been heard with pleasure and profit by any thinking person but she herself is a woman of whom any race might be proud. That she is devoting herself heart and soul to the loving task of bettering the condition of her own people is one of the most hopeful auguries for its future. While the sunny optimism that permeated her address of last evening obviously has its source in her own brave and hopeful nature, Mrs. Terrell is by no means blind to the gravity of the problem she has set about solving. In an interview with a Star representative after her lecture, she spoke with deep emotion of the awful persecution of the negro in some parts of the south. That the blame for the deplorable condition of affairs must be shared by whites and blacks alike this gifted daughter of a despised and oppressed race, freely admits. But that there is no remedy for it her gallant spirit refuses to admit. Mary Church was born in the south and educated at Oberlin college, that historic institution which as she herself said has been the "champion of an oppressed sec and a despised race." Her parents, unlike most of the colored people of that time possessed considerable means and after leaving college the daughter was sent abroad where she spent three years in study and travel. On returning from Europe Miss Church secured a position as teacher in the High school for colored children at Washington, D.C., and it was there she met her husband, Prof. Robert Hebberson Terrell, who is principal of the High school and one of the most respected citizens of Washington. Mrs. Terrell is very proud of the fact that her husband is in the best sense a self-made man, having worked his way through Harvard college where he was graduated with high honors. Since her marriage Mrs. Terrell has given up teaching, but is now a member of the school board of Washington, being the only colored woman in the country to receive such an honor. She was also the first president of the National Federation of Colored Women's clubs and was recently elected honorable president of that organization, the [?] [?] and prosperity of which are [?] [?] her own effort and abil [?] greatest possibilities for the uplifting of the more unfortunate negroes. Instead of making their clubs the vehicles for the transmutation of various fads, as is too often done by their white sisters, the colored women are seeking to adapt the work to local needs and conditions. "In nearly every case the colored women's clubs is conducted along strictly practical lines. In some localities, where the negro population is very poor, the members devote themselves to teaching poor mothers the A B C of living," said Mrs. Terrell. "To teach these unfortunate women a few simple rules of health, the beauty of cleanly habits, and the duty of considering the rights of others, is to open to them an entirely new life." In the sections of the south where the convict camps are located, with their terrible and tragic example of human sufferings and wrongs, these clubs are devoting their energies to legislation which will wipe out of existence these awful travesties of human justice. But it is not only in this movement that the eloquent speaker sees the dawn of a better day for her oppressed people. "A few years ago," she cried, "who ever heard of a negro poet? Yet today Paul Lawrence Dunbar is one of the leading poets of the day. Scarcely an edition of any prominent magazine is published nowadays which does not contain an article from the pen of a colored man. A young negro composer scarcely twenty-five years of age has been declared by English critics to be a second Wagner! There are many dark chapters even now being written in the history of the colored people. Injustice and cruelty, prejudice and oppression are our portion as they have always been. But bad as it is our condition is better than it has been. We have made some progress and what we have once done we can do again!" Many more words of cheer and encouragement Mrs. Terrell found to say to her audience, and the eager attention with which she was heard testified unmistakably to her power as an orator. The discourse was altogether uncommonly forcible, and the speaker one of the most interesting heard in Peoria in many a moon. Mrs. Terrell left for Washington today, having completed a series of lectures she has been delivering at various Chautauquan assemblies in different parts of the west during the summer and fall. WESTERN VISITORS. The Avery Manufacturing company SUNDAY EVENING, AUGUST 16, 1901 [*Miss Ora Cupp 921 S Fulton St. Carthage MS*] [*Have clipped*] DANVILLE [DA??] Chautauqua Assembly The Best of the Program is Yet to be Given. Mrs. Terrell's Lecture Her Facts Were Carefully Gathered, Fairly Stated, and Show Progress of Colord Women -Today's Program. CHAUTAUQUA PROGRAM. TODAY, AUGUST 14. 9:00 a.m. Devotional meeting and Bible Lecture. 10:30 Address to Mothers and Teachers by Mrs. Woodcock. 1:30 p.m. Concert. Duet by the Misses Nicholson and Detweiler 2:30. Recognition services. Lecture by Dr. H. S. Perkins, on "Egypt." 7:30 p.m. Grand Concert. 8:30. American Vitagraph (Moving Pictures). "The Passion Play." Reserved 10 cents extra. The rain night before last did no harm, though there was considerable wind with it, and the sun shone almost all day so that the grounds are in good condition again, and the best of the Chautauqua program is yet to be given. There was a good attendance all the time yesterday and people seemed glad that the rain had come and were busy fixing up their tents and affairs between times. If it don't rain hard again the attendance will be heavy on account of the good pro- [?] from now on to the close. [?] sermon that begun on Sun- [?] morning and that had to be closed [?] e famished because of the heavy [?] was finished and contained diction, showing so fully the through scholar, the perfect lady and calm philosopher, were assurance that she would give the facts fairly as to the progress of the colored women since emancipation. Her hearers were not disappointed; her facts are carefully gathered, fairly stated and show progress along the lines of making of colored women better wives, home-keepers and mothers; also in establishing sanitariums, schools, homes for old people and kindred work; also of the fact that in literature and all the professions, arts and sciences the colored people have representatives of distinction. Mrs. Terrell gave two of the best lectures so far in the course and should she come this way again she will be heartily welcomed and have even a better hearing. It may be interesting to state that she was born about the close of war of parents who had been slaves and graduated from Oberlin college; her husband was also born of slave parents, is a graduate of Harvard college and was one of six who gained the honors of his class; he is now superintendent of the colored schools of the District of Columbia. Mr. and Mrs. Terrell are themselves a proof of the progress of those who wore the cruel, depressing yoke of bondage for over two centuries. The program at night opened with music by the I.O.O.F. Fourth Regiment band and a chorous song by the Chautauqua chorus under the direction of Prof. Kratz. Miss Elma Smith appeared for the last time and recited two selections by request. REV. BROWN'S TALK. A very enjoyable surprise was an address by Rev. Geo. A. Brown, of this city, on the Harrier Beecher Stowe institute of this city. He made a short talk on the work being done and should be done in the future by the institute. He said that the negro should not try to take a classical course in his present condition and should not yet hope for equal suffrage in everyday social life. What is needed is industrial training. He made a modest, yet earnest appeal to the citizens of Danville for aid in a work that will help all classes of society. BISHOP GALLOWAY Bishop Galloway made an interesting talk on "Education and Patriotism." He said that the utmost necessity was the education of the child. He says that let who may make the laws of the country, let he who will write its ballads, but give him the training of the child [?] GEN. PALMER FOR M'KINLEY. Former Senator and Gold [?] L[?] [?] Dr. McClenahan[?] the "Song of Solomon." There was not a very large crowd to hear the illustrated by Mrs. Woodcock on "Children with Petals and Flowers that Walk." A number of small boys were called in from the park grounds to hear the talk which was especially for boys and girls, but which was of great interest to all present. She talked of the resemblance that there naturally is between plants and children, both have blood, a nervous system and dispositions which bear a marked resemblance to each other. She then placed a picture of a flower on the screen and asked if any of the boys or girls could tell what kind of flower it represented. Finally it was guessed rightly that it was a snap dragon. She then described the flower pictured as a beautiful flower in appearance but when it is taken hold of on its sides it snaps, just like some children that are good in appearance will snap if they are spoken to. She then placed a picture of an orchid on the screen and told, of its peculiarities, how it will bloom till it has accomplished its one aim in life, that of having its pollen taken and distributed by bees that it had tried to attract by its own beauty and delightful odor. The lesson that this flower teaches is that of perseverance, the flower will wilt as soon as the bee comes to it and takes some of the pollen, and will not close for several months unless the bee does come. A picture of a different species of orchid was then drawn, this flower is different in form than the other, but is like it in being beautiful to look upon, and having a good smell, but is more cruel than the first one is. It allows the bee to come up to it and then by means of a small trap the bee plunged into a pot of honey, the bee gets out but will light on [?] and is again plunged into the pot; this being sometimes repeated till the bee dies of exhaustion. Other kinds of [?] were pictured and their babits [?]ribed, and applied to the disposi- [?]n of children. The lecture was a [?]od one from a moral standpoint and it also gave some good knowledge [?] botany. MRS. TERRELL'S LECTURE Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, president [?]e National Association of Colored [?]en, gave her lecture on "The [?] of the Colored Woman," at [?] m. yesterday, to a large and [?]tive audience. Most of those who [?] this elegant lady's lecture on [?] Beacher Stowe last night, [?]etted larger gate receipts than [?]t lecture so far in the course) [?]sent to hear this lecture. The [?] Mrs. Stowe was not only [?]tter, but the perfect bearing [?]rrell, her elegant but well [?] can coll- [?] and fortell the destiny of the na- tion. He said that the success of a nation depended upon the religion of the nation. He compared China and the United States, the difference is the difference between Buddahism and christianity, between Confucious and Christ. He showed how Japan has progressed since the christian missionaries began work there, sent by the United States of America. But Spain was a religious and christian country, why did it fall? The kind of christian religion makes a difference. Spain used to own all of South America and half of the United States, but now South America is gone; yes and more than that--Florida is gone, Louisiana is gone, the Philippines are gone, and we've got them and we are going to keep them. He believes that the United States is to teach the christian religion and brotherly love throughout the world. But what makes the difference between America and Spain? The difference is in an open and a closed Bible. The talk was intensely interesting throughout and full of noble patriotism, and high moral sentiments. Chautauqua Notes. "When Malinda Sings" the people all listened, but they didn't listen with more attention and delight than when Miss Bess Nisholson sings. She really Charms the people of the Chautauqua. Prof. Kratz is proving himself an excellent trainer; the chorus is making good music now and if they would only attend regularly the professor would soon have a great chorus. Miss Detweiler is also an excellent vocalist and is welcomed by the assembly when she comes in the stage. ROCKY FORD MELONS Delivered to your door at 25 cts A DOZEN. THE REGULATOR GROCERY DEPARTMENT F.W. PARISH, President H.R. SPRY, Cashier Clarinda National Bank.. Does a general Banking business. Special Sale We will make a special sale of some article every day this week and will quote the price in our display window. Watch for Bargains. Our optical department is up to date, and we are skilled in the use of instruments to detect and correct the most difficult eye troubles. We positively Guarantee The Clarinda Herald. Chautauqua Daily. Wednesday, August 15, 1900. THE QUEEN OF HER RACE. Mrs. Terrell Delivers a Magnificent Address Before the Assembly. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell has come, and spoke, and conquered. She came on Tuesday afternoon. She delivered her address on the work of the colored women of her race a short time after she arrived, and last evening she was the "lioness of the hour." She won all by her beautiful, unassuming manner, her sweet face, and her stirring, inspiring words. Her subject was a vast one, and one not easily handled. But the "Female Booker T. Washington" had complete mastery of her subject. She had studied it long and well, through bitter personal experience and observation of others of her race, and her appeal for justice to her brethren and sisters was powerful and pathetic. It is the first time a Clarinda audience has ever heard Mrs. Terrell. We have heard for many years, and now that we have heard her on our own platform, we feel highly honored. By her words she was given the people of Clarinda and vicinity a higher regard for the colored race, and inspired them to feel that justice and equality must be granted to the weaker people. Mrs. Terrell was introduced by Mrs. J. W. Dill. A short synopsis of her address, which continued for over an hour with unabated interest, is as follows:- Not the least among the things for which the colored race has to be thankful, said the speaker, is the progress made by the women in the race. Under the old rule of the colored race, women were not only denied any education, but every degration of body and soul was heaped upon them. The most cruel thing they have to fight now is the prejudice against their race, as well as the prejudice against women. In spite of their difficulties, their progress has never been surpassed in the history of the world. From Oberlin, the first college to open its doors to women on an equality with men, and to the colored race, and from many other colleges where colored girls have studied, they have won honors for themselves and for their race. Fully ninety per cent of the colored women who are working for their race are in the back woods of the south, where their labors are not in sight of the public eye. The National Association of Colored Women was formed to enlist all women of the race in helping to build up the whole race, for we believe that if left entirely to the men, our progress would be slow. The association labors largely through the home, to effect its object. Mothers' Congresses are the leading sub organizations, and the have met with signal success. In many sections of the south, under the evil influence of plantation owners, the condition of the colored people is no better than it was before the war. The Association provides for [?their talks on social purity] encourages them to send their children to school, teaches them how to cook, wash, mend, take care of their homes, etc., in the best manner. Much as has been said against the morality of colored women, statistics will show that they are not so depraved as are white women in similar circumstances, as found in European countries. These figures given encouragement to our race. Schools for theoretical and practical education are established and others are being started all over the south. Many trained nurses among the women of the race are patronized by the best people of the south. Miss Laney's wonderful work in founding the Haines Industrial School, which now has buildings worth $20,000 and over 500 pupils, is but one of many examples of work and sacrifice by colored women. We are told that the colored youth are criminally inclined. Much of this criminality is due to the poor, degraded homes from which these youths come. Colored women are everywhere reaching out after the little children, in order that they may have proper training at the beginning of their lives, at least. Kindergarten schools are being established, and day nurseries are now helping poor mothers to have good care taken of their babies while they work during the day. Many poor mothers are compelled to lock their infants in their little hovel-homes all day, while they are away at work. Others are compelled to board their babes out to careless families, at a cheap rate. Many instances of deformity and death result from this awful but necessary treatment. In the kindergarten schools the little ones are impressed with the importance of having pure thoughts and motives, and of doing their best to benefit their brethren. Schools for the aged are also established, but the greater attention and effort are spent on the little ones, whose characters are yet pliable and in whom lies the hope of the race. all and treat all according to their intrinsic worth. In the name of our children we plead for at least fair treatment, so that our children may be raised with hope of success in life. The health of the colored race, because of poorly provided homes and poor clothing, has become a serious problem. Our women are acquiring fame as business managers, dress-makers, dentists, doctors, and even sculptors, painters, and musicians. We are trying to teach or race that the double standard of morality for the sexes, among the white race is a gross and fearful error, and that the women must be kept pure by having nothing to do with men who are not pure. Against all the iniquitous laws are prejudices against us in the south, we are raising our most powerful hand; and judging from the marvelous progress of our race under such discouraging surroundings, we believe and console ourselves with the thought that the darkest hour is just before the dawn, and that what may seem to us discouraging now, may be but the fore-runner of the bright day that is coming for our race. THE SOCIAL LEADER Graham Taylor, of Chicago Commons Addresses a Large Audience Even after the threatened rain had driven hundreds of people from the tabernacle on Tuesday evening, there were still enough left to make the building look comfortably full. Graham Taylor was the speaker of the evening. He was introduced by President Calhoon, of Amity College, who spoke briefly of the character and work of Mr. Taylor. Mr. Taylor said in part:- There is a discontent today among the rich, as well as among the poor. There is almost a revolution among the fortunate in some parts of the world. Cultivated and rich people, tired of the uselessness of their lives, are seeking to devote their energies to something that is worth doing. In the little social settlement we have founded in Chicago, just across the Chicago river, west from the Masonic Temple, we cannot begin to accommodate the rich people who apply there for residence, to share the commoner's life. Every educated man owes vastly more than he can ever repay to the laboring classes who do the drudgery work in order that he may have leisure to learn. What if everyone had to do all his own menial work? What if the laborers would refuse to continue their drudgery? What would become of the so-called privileged classes? We who have skimmed off the cream from the whole pan of life owe a great deal to those who must take the blue milk, and anything we may do for them is not a favor to them, but something we honestly owe. It is an enormous egotism for any class of us to think that we have a monopoly of the capacity for culture or the appreciation of the higher arts. The opportunity for culture is nearly always accidental, so the fortunate ones should share their good fortune wit others. So it is but right that the privileged people of Chicago should unite with their less fortunate [?] the poorer life. Unless this great republic can add something more to its social democracy, its political democracy will fail. The mere equality of casting the ballot is not what the laboring classes crave. In the Chicago Social Settlement the rich members exchange social invitations, Christmas gifts, etc., with the poorer classes, on an absolutely equal basis. The manufacturer was once on an equality with his neighbors and acquaintances. But in this day of great factories and corporations, the laborers feel that the hand of the employer is against them. People in this peaceful section cannot realize the awful strain that exists, between laborers and their employers. They cannot realize the necessity for labor unions. As long as capital combines, labor must organize. A comparison of the homes of union laborers with those of sweatshop workers will show the usefulness of labor organizations. If there were no unions wages would drop to starvation wages. It is not fair to judge the unions by the outbreaks that occur in their moments of excitement. In poverty times in Chicago no labor union members require help from the relief committees. The unions are organizations second in usefulness only to the christian church. So the social settlement comes between the employers and the employed, and gives them a common social ground on which to walk and become acquainted with each other. In the settlement free speech is allowed, and if is a safety gauge in itself. No speech is allowed to last longer than three minutes. Any member may attack any subject he wishes in his speech, but he must be prepared to defend his position in debate against the other members. Free speech will never hurt anyone. As long as free speech is held with open doors, it is harmless. It is when the discontented classes hold meetings behind closed doors that they become dangerous. It will do no good to beat the brains out of me that we cannot answer in their FORD MELONS Delivered to your door at 25 cts A DOZEN. THE REGULATOR GROCERY DEPARTMENT F. W. PARKER, President H.R. SPRY, Cashier Clarinda National Bank . . Does a general Banking business. Special Sale We will make a special sale of some article every day this week and will quote the price in our display window. Watch for Bargains Our optical department is up to date, and we are skilled in the use of instruments to detect and correct the most difficult eye troubles. We Positively Guarantee all our glasses and in no case will we accept pay unless we accurately correct the trouble. ALL EXAMINATIONS FREE. Our references are the hundreds we have benefited. H. FRANKLIN Next P.O. Jeweler and Optician. ITEMS OF INTEREST. The governor of Iowa gets only $3,000 a year salary. The population of Finland includes 2.527.800 Russians. Chile can put 375,000 men in the field, and has ample modern arms. Accordign to the recent census, the population of the Russian empire is 129.200.000. A French physician Dr. Hervieux, has made investigations which indicate that flies spread smallpox. Massachusetts' prison population is larger by [?]25 than it was a ye[?] livered her address on the work of the colored women of her race a short tome after she arrived , and last evening she was the "lioness of the hour." She won all by her beautiful, unassuming manner, her sweet face, and her stirring, inspiring words. Her subject was a vast one, and one not easily handled. But the "Female Booker T. Washington: had complete mastery of her subject. She had studied it long and well, through bitter personal experience and observation of others of her race, and her appeal for justice to her brethren and sisters was powerful and pathetic. It is the first time a Clarinda audience has ever heard Mrs. Terrell. We have heard of her for many years, and now that we have heard her on our own platform, we feel highly honored. By her words she has given the people of Clarinda and vicinity a higher regard for the colored race, and inspired them to feell that justice and equality must be granted to the weaker people. Mrs. Terrell was introduced by Mrs. J.W. Dill. A short synopsis of her address, which continued for over an hour with unabated interest, is as follows: Not the least among the things for which the colored race has to be thankful, said the speaker, is the progress made by the women in the race. Under the old rule of the colored race, women were not only denied any education , but every degration of body and soul was heaped upon them. The most cruel thing they have to o fight mow is the prejudice against their race, as well as the predjudice against women. In spite of their difficulties, their progress has never been surpassed in the history of the world. From Oberlin, the first college to open it s doors to women on an equality with men, and to the colored race, and from many other colleges where colored girls have studied, they have won honors for themselves and for their race. Fully ninety per cent of the colored women who are working for their race are in the back woods of the south, where their labors are not in sight of the public eye. The National Association of Colored Women was formed to enlist all women of the race in helping to build up the whole race, for we believe that if left entirely to the men, our progress would be slow. The association labors largely through the home, to effect its object. Mothers' Congresses are the leading sub organizations, and they have met with signal success. In many sections of the south, under the evil influence of plantation owners. the condition of the colored people is no better than it was before the war. The Association provides for them talks on social purity, encourages them to send their children to school, teaches them how to cook, wash, mend, take care of their homes, etc., in the best manner. Much has been said against the morality of colored women, statistics will show that they are not so depraved as are white women in similar circumstances, as found in European countries. These figures give encouragement to our race. Schools for theoretical and practical education are established and others are being started all over the south. Many trained nurses among the women of the race are patronized by the best people of the south. Miss Laney s wonderful work in founding the Haines Industrial School, which now has building worth $20,000 and over 500 pupils, is but one of many examples of work and sacrifice by colored women. We are told that the colored youth are criminally inclined. Much of this criminality is due to the poor, degrading homes from which these youths come. Colored women are everywhere reaching out after the little children, in order that they may have proper training at the beginning of their lives, at least. Kindergarten schools are being established, and day nurseries are now helping poor mothers to have good care taken of their babies while they work during the day. Many poor mothers are compelled to lock their infants in their little hovel-homes all day, while they are away at work. Others are compelled to board their babes out to careless families, at a cheap rate. Many instances of deformity and death result from this awful but necessary treatment. In the kindergarten schools the little ones are impressed with the importance of having pure thoughts and motives, and of doing their best to benefit their brethren. Schools for the aged are also established, but the greater attention and effort are spent on the little ones whose characters are yet pliable and in whom lies the hope of the race. The motto of the Association is "Lifting While We Climb." We often are discouraged because we cannot induce our own sisters to accept our aid, but as this trouble is general with all races, we take hope again. The movement against employing colored women in many of the large institutions of the country is a serious menace to our race. Employers say that colored women are neither skillful nor reliable. As many of our families depend upon the mothers for their support, we are impressing upon our women that they must overcome these objections or the race will not rise. It is easy for a white mother's heart to thrill as she gazes at her baby's face, for to the little one every avenue of success is open, if he but has the ability and ambition. To the colored mother's hear there can be no such thrill, but rather a tremble of despair, for she knows that no matter how ambitious or able her child may be, every avenue he enters will be blocked by prejudice, every attempt at success he makes will be opposed and overthrown if possible by the dominating race, because they have no trust in him. We are asking that the dominant race teach their children to be women must be kept pure by [?] nothing to do with men who are not pure. Against all the iniquitous laws are prejudice against us in the south, we are raising our most powerful hard, and judging from the marvelous progress of our race under such discouraging surroundings, we believe and console ourselves with the thought that the darkest hour is just before the dawn, and that what am seem to us discouraging now, may be but the fore-runner of the bright day that is coming for our race. THE SOCIAL LEADER Graham Taylor, of Chicago Commons Addresses a Large Audience Even after the threatened rain had driven hundreds of people from the tabernacle on Tuesday evening, there were still enough left to make the building look comfortably full. Graham Taylor was the speaker of the evening. He was introduced by President Calhoun, of Amity College, who spoke briefly of the character and work of Mr. Taylor. Mr. Taylor said in part: - There is a discontent today among the rich, as well as among the poor. There is almost a revolution among the fortunate in some parts of the world. Cultivated and rich people tired of the uselessness of their lives, are seeking to devote their energies to something that is worth doing. In the little social settlement we have founded in Chicago, just across the Chicago river, went from the Masonic Temple, we cannot begin to accommodate the rich people who apply there for residence, to share the commoner's life. Every educated man owes vastly more than he can ever repay to the laboring classes who do the drudgery work in order that he may have leisure to learn. What if everyone had to do all his own menial work? What if the laborers would refuse to continue their drudgery? What would become of the so-called privileged classes? We who have skimmed the cream from the whole pan of life owe a great deal to those who must take the blue milk, and anything we may do for them is not a favor to them, but something we honestly owe. It is an enormous egotism for any class of us to think that we have a monopoly of the capacity for culture or the appreciation of the higher arts. The opportunity for culture is nearly always accidental, so the fortunate ones who share their good fortune with the others. So it is but right that the privileged people of Chicago should unite [?] their less fortunate [?] the porter life. Unless this great republic can add something more to its social democracy, its political democracy will fail. The mere equality of casting the ballot is not what the laboring classes crave. In the Chicago Social Settlement the rich members exchange social invitations, Christmas gifts, etc., with the poorer classes, on an absolutely equal basis. The manufacturer was once on an equality with his neighbors and acquaintances. But in this day of great factories and corporations, the laborers feel that the hand of the employer is against them. People in this peaceful section cannot realize the awful strain that exists between laborers and their employers. They cannot realize the necessity for labor unions. As long as capital combines, labor must organize. A comparison of the homes of union laborers with those of sweatshop workers will show the usefulness of labor organizations. If there were no unions, wages would drop to starvation wages. It is not fair to judge the unions by the outbreaks that occur in their moments of excitement. In Poverty times in Chicago no labor union members require help from the relief committees. The unions are organizations second in usefulness only to the christian church. So the social settlement comes between the employers and the employed, and gives them a common social ground on which to walk and become acquainted with each other. In the settlement free speech is allowed, and it is a safety guage in itself. No speech is allowed to last longer than three minutes. Any member may attack any subject he wishes in his speech, but he must be prepared to defend his position in debate against the other members. Free speech will never hurt anyone. As long as free speech is held with open doors, it is harmless. It is when the discontented classes hold meetings behind closed doors that they become dangerous. It will do no good to beat the brains out of men that cannot answer in their arguments. It is remarkable how well posted some of the laborers are with great public questions. Quarelsomeness and vindictiveness are wonderfully absent from the Settlement debates and there labor and capital meet in mutual friendliness to discuss their differences. The founding of the Chicago Commons occured about five years ago, when I felt hypocritical over teaching my theology students about theoretical social science. I felt that it was easy enough to talk, but not so easy to do. So I resolved to try to live the Christian that I had been acting. I rented the big house, and threw open for the public what my family did not need. The house was in a part of Chicago where there was no place for people to be raised properly, - no place for a child to play. Children are not to blame for being born in such circumstances, so it devolves upon the more fortunate to make their lives as easy as possible. If we are to be democratic, let us be democratic. Equality of property is an impossibility, but social equality is not, and can be maintained. It is pitiful to watch the actions of the THE REGULATOR GROCERY DEPARTMENT F. W. PARKER, H.R. SPRY, President. Cashier. Clairinda National Bank . . Does a geenral Banking business. Special Sale We will make a special sale of some article every day this week and will quote the price in our display window. Watch for Bargains Our optical department is up to date, and we are skilled in the use of instruments to detect and correct the most difficult eye troubles. We Positively Guarantee all our glasses and in no case will we accept pay unless we accurately correct the trouble. ALL EXAMINATIONS FREE. Our references are the hundreds we have benefited. H. FRANKLIN, Next P.O. Jeweler and Optician. ITEMS OF INTEREST. The governor of Iowa gets only $3,000 a year salary. The population of Finland includes 2.527.800 Russians. Chile can put 375,000 men in the field, and has ample modern arms. Accordign to the recent census, the population of the Russian empire is 129.200.000. A French physician Dr. Hervieux, has made investigations which indicate that flies spread smallpox. Massachusetts' prison population is larger by 125 than it was a year ago, the total July 1 being 6,546. women. In spite of their difficulties, their progress has never been surpassed in the history of the world. From Oberlin, the first college to open it s doors to women on an equality with men, and to the colored race, and from many other colleges where colored girls have studied, they have won honors for themselves and for their race. Fully ninety per cent of the colored women who are working for their race are in the back woods of the south, where their labors are not in sight of the public eye. The National Association of Colored Women was formed to enlist all women of the race in helping to build up the whole race, for we believe that if left entirely to the men, our progress would be slow. The association labors largely through the home, to effect its object. Mothers' Congresses are the leading sub organizations, and they have met with signal success. In many sections of the south, under the evil influence of plantation owners. the condition of the colored people is no better than it was before the war. The Association provides for them talks on social purity, encourages them to send their children to school, teaches them how to cook, wash, mend, take care of their homes, etc., in the best manner. Much has been said against the morality of colored women, statistics will show that they are not so depraved as are white women in similar circumstances, as found in European countries. These figures give encouragement to our race. Schools for theoretical and practical education are established and others are being started all over the south. Many trained nurses among the women of the race are patronized by the best people of the south. Miss Laney s wonderful work in founding the Haines Industrial School, which now has building worth $20,000 and over 500 pupils, is but one of many examples of work and sacrifice by colored women. We are told that the colored youth are criminally inclined. Much of this criminally is due to the poor, degrading homes from which these youths come. Colored women are everywhere reaching out after the little children, in order that they may have proper training at the beginning of their lives, at least. Kindergarten schools are being established, and day nurseries are now helping poor mothers to have good care taken of their babies while they work during the day. Many poor mothers are compelled to lock their infants in their little hovel-homes all day, while they are away at work. Others are compelled to board their babes out to careless families, at a cheap rate. Many instances of deformity and death result from this awful but necessary treatment. In the kindergarten schools the little ones are impressed with the importance of having pure thoughts and motives, and of doing their best to benefit their brethren. Schools for the aged are also established, but the greater attention and effort are spent on the little ones, whose characters are yet pliable and in whom lies the hope of the race. The motto of the Association is "Lifting While We Climb." We often are discouraged because we cannot induce our own sisters to accept our aid, but as this trouble is general with all races, we take hope again. The movement against employing colored women in many of the large institutions of the country is a serious menace to our race. Employers say that colored women are neither skillful nor reliable. As many of our families depend upon the mothers for their support, we are impressing upon our women that they must overcome these objections or the race will not rise. It is easy for a white mother's heart to thrill as she gazes at her baby's face, for to the little one every avenue of success is open, if he but has ability and ambition. To the colored mother's heart there can be no such thrill, but rather a tremble of despair, for she knows that no matter how ambitions or able her child may be, every avenue he enters will be blocked by prejudice, every attempt at success he makes will be opposed and overthrown if possible by the dominating race, because they have no trust in him. We are asking that the dominant race teach their children to be broad and generous enough to judge [column cut off at top] Chicago river, west from the Masonic Temple, we cannot begin to accommodate the rich people who apply there for residence, to share the commoner's life. Every educated man owes vastly more than he can ever repay to the laboring classes who do the drudgery work in order that he may have leisure to learn. What if everyone had to do all his own menial work? What if the laborers would refuse to continue their drudgery? What would become of the so-called privileged classes? We who have skimmed off the cream from the whole pan of life owe a great deal to those who must take the blue milk, and anything we may do for them is not a favor to them, but something we honestly owe. It is an enormous egotism for any class of us to think that we have a monopoly of the capacity for culture or the appreciation of the higher arts. The opportunity for culture is nearly always accidental, so the fortunate ones should share their good fortune with the others. So it is but right that the privileged people of Chicago should unite [?] their less fortunate, [?] [?] the poorer life. Unless this great republic can add something more to its social democracy, its political democracy will fall. The mere equality of casting the ballot is not what the laboring classes crave. In the Chicago Social Settlement the rich members exchange social invitations, Christmas gifts, etc., with the poorer classes, on an absolutely equal basis. The manufacturer was once on an equality with his neighbors and acquaintances. But in this day of great factories and corporations, the laborers feel that the hand of the employer is against them. People in this peaceful section cannot realize the awful strain that exists between laborers and their employers. They cannot realize the necessity for labor unions. As long as capital combines, labor must organize. A comparison of the homes of union laborers with those of sweatshop workers will show the usefulness of labor organizations. If there were no unions, wages would drop to starvation wages. It is not fair to judge the unions by the outbreaks that occur in their moments of excitement. In poverty times in Chicago no labor union members require help from the relief committees. The unions are organizations second in usefulness only to the christian church. So the social settlement comes between the employers and the employed, and gives them a common social ground on which to walk and become acquainted with each other. In the settlement free speech is allowed, and it is a safety guage in itself. No speech is allowed to last longer than three minutes. Any member may attack any subject he wishes in his speech, but he must be prepared to defend his position in debate against the other members. Free speech will never hurt anyone. As long as free speech, but he must be prepared to defend his position in debate against the other members. Free speech will never hurt anyone. As long as free speech is held with open doors, it is harmless. It is when the discontented classes hold meetings behind closed doors that they become dangerous. It will do no good to beat the brains out of men that we cannot answer in their arguments. It is remarkable how well posted some of the laborers are with great public questions. Quarrelsomeness' and vindictiveness are wonderfully absent from the Settlement debates, and there labor and capital meet in mutual friendliness to discuss their differences. The founding of the Chicago Commons occurred about five years ago, when I felt hypocritical over teaching my theology students about theoretical social science. I felt that it was easy enough to talk, but not so easy to do. So I resolved to try to live the Christian that I have been acting, I rented the big house, and threw open for the public what my family did not need. The house was in a part of Chicago where there was no place for people to be raised properly, - no place for a child to play. Children are not to blame for being born in such circumstances, so it devolves upon the more fortunate to make their life's as easy as possible. If we are to be democratic, let us be democratic. Equality of property is an impossibility, but social equality is not, and can be maintained. It is pitiful to watch the actions of the poor children who are not used to seeing [*[Decatur (Ill.) Review*] TWO BEST SPEAKERS Of the Chautauqua on Wednesday. MRS. TERRELL — HUBBARD Both Alike Noted for What They Have Done. This was one of the biggest days of the whole chautauqua. Two of the most interesting speakers of the entire list are to be heard, one this afternoon and one tonight. they are interesting not only for what they have to say to a Decatur audience, but for what they are and have done. They are Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, as great a colored woman as Booker T. Washington is a man, and Elbert Hubbard, editor of the Philistine, founder of the Roycrofters, and brilliant writer. Mrs. Terrell speaks in the afternoon and Mr. Hubbard tonight. BRILLIANT WOMAN Tells of Hope She Has for Her Race. Mrs. Mary Church Terrel , the speaker at the Chautauqua this afternoon, is one of the most prominent colored women in the country. Her subject is "The Bright Side of a Dark Question." Mrs. Terrel arrived in the city late Tuesday night and is a guest at the Decatur hotel. She was for five years president of the National Association of Colored Women and is now the honorary president of that organization. She is an orator of considerable ability and is highly educated and on meeting her one is impressed with the fact that she is a person of refinement and at the same time one of great activity. She is the wife of a judge at Washington, D.C., and is a woman of much culture. WORK OF THE WOMEN. In speaking of the work of colored women Mrs. Terrel said: "The National Association of Colored Women is composed of about 100 clubs and about 10,000 members scattered all over the country, in both the north and south, These women have accomplished many good things. The feature we particularly look after is the children. AS NURSES. "We have established kindergartens and also in various cities are nurseries where for a small sum babies are cared for during t the day while the mothers are at work. These places have been of great benefit. In New Orleans we have a sanitarium where the colored physicians practice and where colored people can go. In connection with it there is a department for the training of nurses. When the fever broke out in New Orleans these nurses were called upon and their work was so highly comme[?] [*ALL PLAYERS'?*] in training the colored nurses. This was a great thing for a city in the south to do for a colored institution. We also have old folks' homes and other institutions and these were all established and are maintained through the efforts of the colored women's organization." RACE QUESTION. In regard to the race question Mrs. Terrel takes a hopeful view. She says: "I am an optimist in regard to the race question. I do not think that any one has any reason to despair for the colored people have advanced in an educational, financial and industrial way. I attended the commencement exercises at Harvard college where a colored man represented 450 students as the orator. That certainly shows some advancement for the race in an educational way, and there is scarcely a college of any note in the country from which a colored man has not graduated. "As for financial advancement there are thousands of colored families in the country who own handsome homes and have them elegantly furnished and drive their own carriages. These people sixty years ago would have been regarded as wealthy. When one looks at these conditions it is impossible to say that the colored race is not progressing. HUSBAND AN EXAMPLE "I think my husband is a good example of what a colored man can do. He worked his own way through Harvard college and was one of seven honor men in a class of 200 and recently he was appointed by the president one of ten judges for the District of Columbia." WOMAN'S CLUBS. Mrs. Terrel was asked in regard to the action of the Federation of Woman's clubs on the race question. She said: "It was a step backward when the colored clubs were excluded. the W. C. T. U., the W. R.C., the Woman's Suffrage Association and the National Council of Women all admit colored people. "To us it is painful and humiliating to feel that we are excluded from any place, but I do not consider it a blow to the colored women. It will come out all right after a while. I think that even the lynchings and other things which now deem detriments to the race will in time turn out beneficial. In fact I take the most hopeful view and expect everything to come out all right for the colored people. OFFERS HOPE. "I feel that my mission is to offer hope to the colored people who feel discouraged and to offer hope for the colored people in the minds of the white people who are discouraged about the colored race. We have more friends among the white people than most person suppose and we certainly have every reason to hope for the best. For my part I am glad that I am a colored woman and would rather be what I am than to be a white woman." HER EDUCATION. Mrs. Terrel is a college graduate and was afterward educated in France, Germany and Italy. She taught in several colleges and was a school trustee in Washington for three years. She lectures at the Chautauqua meetings and other summer gatherings during five or six weeks in the summer and spends the rest of her time in writing, studying and looking after her home and domestic affairs. Scarlet Fever BIG POULTRY SH[?] To be a Feature of [?] Carnival. THE RECORD. VOL. VI. NO. 19. WASHINGTON, D.C., FRIDAY, JANUARY 3, 1908. PRICE THREE CENTS FOREMOST WOMAN OF AMERICA MRS. MARY C. TERRELL OF WASHINGTON [center of page, photograph] MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL. Leading Spirit in Interests For the Race. Takes First Rank as a Speaker and Writer. Member of Local School Board. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell is unquestionably one of the foremost colored women in America. In all matters affecting the interests of the women of her race she is a leading spirit. She was the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, to which position she was elected three times in succession by the most flattering majorities, and declining to serve further, was made honorary president for life. This association is composed of women who represent all that is best in character, intellect and energy. Its membership is extensive and it has subordinate organization in every State in the Union. Its work is known everywhere and has received the highest commendation [?] of the country. Its chief [?] uplift and help the less [?]s of the colored people (?) (?) women have been very effective and have made a deep impression on many a benighted community. Mrs. Terrell's exceptional natural ability and splendid intellectual attainments have been utilized not only by the people of her own race, but they have also attracted the attention of the leading white women of the country. She has twice been invited to address the National Woman's Suffrage Association at its annual convention in this city. Her public utterances have always made a profound impression on her hearers and no speakers associated with her have received more applause from audiences or higher praise from the public press than herself. At a recent convention of the National Woman's Suffrage Association, Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker, the sister of the immortal Harriet Beecher Stowe, who gave to the world "Uncle Tom's Cabin," presented Mrs. Terrell a bust of the distinguished author. Mrs. Hooker has recently spoken of her as follows: "At a convention composed of the brainiest women of the United States, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell has proved herself an orator among orators. She is a speaker of superior ability, fine presence and strong, magnetic power, graceful, eloquent, logical. Not many years ago when Congress by resolution granted power to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia to appoint two women upon the Board of Education for the Public Schools, Mrs. Terrell was one of the women appointed. She served on the board of five years with great success and signal ability. Mrs. Terrell's life has been an interesting one. She was born in Memphis, Tenn., and at a very early age the parents sent their promising daughter to Ohio to be educated and she remained there until she graduated at Oberlin College. One year after graduating from Oberlin College she accepted a position as teacher at Wilberforce University, where she remained two years; then she was appointed a teacher of languages in the Colored High Schools of this city. After teaching one year she went abroad for further study and travel and remained there until she graduated at Oberlin College. One year after graduating from Oberlin College she accepted a position as teacher at Wilberforce University where she remained two years' then she was appointed a teacher of languages in the colored high schools of this city. After teaching one year she went abroad for further study and travel and remained in Europe two years, spending the time in France, Switzerland, Germany and Italy. She resumed her work here as soon as she returned from abroad. She was offered the registrarship of Oberlin College, being the first woman of her race to whom such a position was ever tendered by an institution so widely known and of such high standard. She was married to Mr. Robert H. Terrell, a graduate of Harvard College, former Principal of the Colored High School. Mrs. Terrell has a daughter whom she has named Phyllis in honor of Phyllis Wheatley, the African woman whose verses received the commendation of George Washington and other distinguished men. Under the management of one of the largest lecture bureaus in the United States, Mrs. Terrell has delivered addresses at the leading Chautauquas and has spoken in many of the cities with great success. In lecturing she possesses unusual fluency and persuasiveness. She stands before her audience without note or manuscript and seems to draw at will from her large and varied store of exact and useful knowledge. She never fails to captivate her audience by her ease and charm of manner and her lucidity and forcefulness of style. Ers. Terrell is equally at east with her tongue or pen. Her contributions to newspapers and magazines place her in the front rank of those who are contributing to current thought and discussion. As a newspaper writer she has devoted her energies to investigating conditions of her own people, especially in such cases where those conditions show progress. Mrs. Terrell was chosen one of the speakers at the International Congress of Women which was held in Continued on page 2 SENTIMENT IN OHIO FAVORS FORAKER. FORCES LINING UP FOR THE FRAY. Old Soldiers and Colored Vote Solid For Him, While Each Day Marks New Accessions. Administration's Views Ignored. Cleveland - Sylvester T. Everett, the man who brought Marcus A. Hanna to the political fore and fought for McKinley's nomination, all but openly asserting that he would lead Senator Foraker's fight for Presidential delegates, a post to which politicians of the State assign him, recently assailed President Roosevelt as attempting to dictate his own successor and practically charged him with ingratitude to Senator Foraker. He said: "The interests of Senator Foraker will not be allowed to go by default by reason of any lack of loyalty on the part of the Senator's old friends. His ability is recognized by his [?] friends, and [?] deserving. [?][?] "But I do believe that the party should insist that a President should not name his own successor, and also I believe the ability of a man like Senator Foraker should be recognized. "Why, Mr. Foraker brought in this State for Roosevelt in 1903, when Mark Hanna was doing everything in his power to split the State, yet from that day angry opposition to Senator Foraker has developed. The Presidential race should be a free-for-all. The President should keep his hands off." "Are you going to see that hands are kept off Senator Foraker?" Mr. Everett was asked. "I think you may say for me that his interests will not be neglected by his old friends," was the answer. The Herald. "A few weeks ago the opponents of Foraker in Ohio were declaring with emphasis that the Senator would not and could not get a single delegate to the Republican national convention," said William H. Slough, a business man of Columbus, at the Raleigh. "The supporters of Taft, and these include a large number of Ohio Congressmen - indeed, I think pretty nearly the whole delegation in Congress is for Taft - were emphatic in their assertions that Taft would walk away with the solid delegation. Yet the very first chance the people had to voice their preference showed Foraker the choice. I think the action of the Pike County Republicans is significant, and THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 15. 1900. A BACKWARD STEP [*Nov. 15 1900*] Mrs. Terrell Deplores the Color Line in the Federation. [*Minneapolis Journal*] COLORED WOMEN IN THE COUNCIL They Are Given Representation There and Appreciate it- Mrs. Terrell's Career. [*Nov, 15 1900*] The National Council of Women, now in session in Minneapolis, is in practice as broad in its sympathies as it is democratic in its creed and it has from the first welcomed without question to its platform all creeds. nationalities and races. It is the usual thing for the council to give a prominent place on its program to colored men and women, and the appearance of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, president of the National Association of Colored Women, last night was welcomed in a cordial and fraternal way. Mrs. Terrell, who is a resident of Washington, occupies to the educated, intelligent colored women of this country the relation in which Booker Washington stands to the African race. She is an acknowledged leader, a woman of exceptional natural ability developed by years of continental travel and study of the languages in Paris, Berlin, Lausanne and Florence. A graduate of Oberlin, she is the first colored woman in the United States to receive an offer to serve on the faculty of a college of Oberlin's standing. She was also the first colored woman to be made the trustee of the public schools of Washington. After returning from abroad she taught in the high school of Washington for some time previous to her marriage to R. H. Terrell, a district lawyer. At the last convention of the National Woman Suffrage association, held in Washington, Mrs. Terrell gave, under the head of "The Justice of Woman Suffrage," a most scholarly argument. One of the happy features of that occasion was the presentation to Mrs. Terrell of a beautiful marble bust of Harriet Beecher Stowe by the latter's sister, Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker. Mrs. Terrell is a public speaker of great eloquence and magnetic force, and one of her MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL, Of Washington D.C. President of the National Association of Colored Women. finest lectures is on Harriet Beecher Stowe. Mrs. Terrell is a woman of great distinction and beauty, both of face and manner, and is everywhere received with the consideration to which her splendid mental and personal qualities entitle her. To-day she was entertained at a luncheon given by Rev. and Mrs. Clarence F. Swift, who were her college associates. The organization of which Mrs. Terrell is the head was formed four years ago by the coalescing of two other national organizations of colored women, and it is now represented in twenty-six states. It recognizes that the solution of the race problem depends upon the children and its chief work is for the children. Day nurseries and kindergartens are being established gradually through the efforts of the colored women. The work, however, does not stop here, and the Phyllis Wheatley hospital and sanatorium in New Orleans has done such efficient work that the city has now recognized it with an appropriation. In Memphis the colored women are showing mercy to the aged of the race in the establishment of an old people's home. In reply to the question, "What is your view of the action of the federation in excluding the a club of colored women?" Mrs. Terrell answered promptly: "I think it is a long step backward, and it is the first time that colored women have ever received such treatment from an association of women having an avowed altruistic aim. I can see no reason for it, as my best support has often come from southern women and they speak in warmest praise of our work. I think the white women ought to accept us in their organizations for the sake of what they can do for us in inspiring us to help ourselves. We do not ask them to do our work for us; we know we should do that for ourselves and we can do it more effectively than any one else, but we need their sympathy and counsel. All great associations should help American womanhood, and of that we are an irradicable part." Mrs. Terrell has no bitter feeling in the matter and rather regrets that the question came up as it did and at the time it did, but feels that providence was back of it and that colored women would be unworthy of their responsibility to their race if they did not support their claim to recognition for the sake of the benefit which the backing and cooperation of great associations can give them. Mrs. Terrell has recently resigned as school trustee, as the duties were arduous, being the actual supervision of a large district, the settlement of all difficulties and the selection of teachers, and other duties crowded upon her school work. On Saturday Mrs. Terrell will address a meeting of the colored women of the city. 48 THE BOSTON SUNDAY GLOBE - APRIL 12, 1931 Honor Memory of Negro Judge Robert Heberton Terrell, Born a Slave, Was Commencement Orator at Harvard. WASHINGTON, April 11 - Next week, set aside as a Memorial Week by the Negro Bar Association will bring tribute to the memory of the late Robert Heberton Terrell, municipal judge of this city from 1909 until his death in 1925. Judge Terrell was the first colored man who delivered an oration at a Harvard Commencement. In 1884 he walked into Sanders Theater, wearing a cap and gown with seven of his classmates. At that time only those were so attired who had won the honor to speak. This colored man, who had been born a slave, was one of eight to achieve this distinction in a class of more than 200 young men belonging to a group whose advantages had been far superior to his heredity, environment and the wherewithal to finance a college course. Born in Bondage Robert Terrell opened his eyes upon a world which held his parents, himself and his race in bondage, when he was born in Orange, Va, Nov 23, 1857. He was eight years old when the Emancipation Proclamation was signed. He said his father used to make the only shoes which he possessed. But this father was often so busy with daily tasks that it was not always possible for him to finish a pair of shoes so that he coull give them both to his little son at the same time. The small son solved the problem very easily by wearing the finished shoe on one of his feet while he gaily hopped around the plantation with the other foot unshod. And it happened more than once, he said, that the shoe which had been used was almost worn out before the other was finished. Robert was 10 years old before he knew his ABC's. His family moved from Virginia to Washington. The boy attended public school in the National capital. When he was 16 years old he went to Boston to get more education. He supported himself by waiting on the table at Memorial Hall. Impressed by the colored youth's native ability and his general bearing several students belonging to the class of 1874 encouraged him to believe he, too, could go to college some day if he wanted to do so. Lived on $300 a Year Then young Terrell began to prepare himself for college in dead earnest and received no assistance except from the hints given him by a few new friends. He helped to earn his living by teaching in the evening colored men who knew less than he did himself. In 1878 and '79 Terrell received some assistance from friends in two classical schools after the regular hours. Then he went to Lawrence Academy, Groton, to prepare for college and remained there only one year. Here he often prepared his own meals and used to say that he lived on baked beans from Monday morning till Saturday night. In spite of the time consumed in doing work by which he earned his expenses Terrell stood well in his classes and took the first prize for declamation. He managed to get along at Harvard on $300 a year which was advanced to him with the understanding that he would pay off the debt after graduation. During his freshman and sophomore years Terrell was a waiter. In his junior year he was given a position in the Custom House of Boston by Gen Ulysses S. Grant, who was then President. The young student's father, Harrison Terrell, was in the employ of the President. He was graduated cum laude at Harvard. After one of his friends heard him deliver his oration Commencement Day he declared: "Ten years ago Robert Terrell entered ROBERT HEBERTON TERRELL atre, wearing a cap and gown with seven of his classmates. At that time only those were so attired who had won the honor to speak. This colored man, who had been born a slave, was one of eight to achieve this distinction in a class of more than 200 young men belonging to a group whose advantages had been far superior to his heredity, environment and the wherewithal to finance a college course. Born in Bondage Robert terrell opened his eyes upon a world which held his parents, himself and his race in bondage, when he was born in Orange, Va. Nov 25, 1857. He was eight years old when the Emancipation Proclamation was signed. He said his father used to make the only shoes which he possessed. But this father was often so bust with daily tasks that it was not always possible for him to finish a pair of shoes so that he coull give them both to his little son at the same time. The small son solved the problem very easily by wearing the finished shoe on one of his feet while he gaily hopped around the pleantation with the other foot unshod. And it happened more than once, he said, that the shoe which had been used was almost worn out before the other was finished. Robert was 10 years old before he knew his ABC's. His family moved from Virginia to Washington. The boy attended public school in the National capital. When he was 16 years old he went to Boston to get more education. He supported himself by waiting on the table at Memorial Hall. Impressed by the colored youth's native ability and his general bearing several students belonging to the class of 1874 encouraged him to believe he, too, could go to college some day if he wanted to do so. Lived on $300 a Year Then young Terrell began to prepare himself fro college in dead earnetst and received no assistance except from the hints given him by a few new friends. He helped to earn his living by teaching in the evening colored men who knew less than he did himself. In 1878 and '79 Terrell received some assistance from friends in two classical schools after the regular hours. Then he went to Lawrence Academy, Groton, to prepare for college and remained there only one year. Here he often prepared his own meals and used to say that he lived on baked beans from Monday morning till Saturday night, In spite of the time consumed in doing work by which he earned his expenses Terrell stood well in his classes and took the first prize for declamation. He managed to get along at Harvard on $300 a year which was advances to him with the understanding that he would pay off the debt after graduating. During his freshmana and sophomore years Terrell was a waiter . In is junior hear he was given a position in the Custom House of Boston by Gen. Ulysses S. GRant, who was then President. The young student's father Harrison Terrell, was in the employ of the Resident. He was graduated cum laude at Harvard. After one of his friends heard him deliver his oration Commencement Day he declared "Ten years ago Robert Terrell entered one GLOBE WANTS GLOBE DISPLAY ADVTS READ THEM TODAY 'MARRY ME, ESTELLT, AND I'LL BUT THE RING OF WILSON BROS., SCOLLAY SQ. JEWELERS THEN BUY ME A BLUEBELL DIAMOND RING; NO OTHER THAN THAT! Soul and Body! A Bluebell Diamond Ring! That shows the girl's [in-?] [?nce!] They are big values and sold from Coast to Coast. One Price They will lay away any special Ring, Watch, Diamond, Silverware, [?ther] article selected as a Birthday, Engagement, Wedding or [Friend-?] CREDIT as an added service if desired. Mail orders solicited. [?TON'S] BUSIEST WATCH REPAIRING DEPT. [?] Your Wathc—Fancy Shaped Crystals Wile You Wait [?cks], 75c Parlor CLocks, $8.00 $15.00 $25.00 ORIGINAL WILSON BORS. 6 0 0 BIFOCALS [?LY] [?ait] Repairing [?ices Mon., Tues, & Wed. [?] BROS. $3, $6, $8, $10, [?ith scientific examina- [?] required. CREDIT [?cial Human Eyes [?sess] in Boston. your friends [?ORE] S. Wilson Sl? p l e t beautiful holstered mattress. Just ½ price. Wea re member so fthe National Home Furnishings Program! Only recognized stores are privileges to use this emblem! FIRST FURNISH YOUR HOME IT TELLS WHAT YOU ARE 800 Open Mon., Thur NEWTON Stor 292 Center Street Open Mon., Fri. and Sat. Nights and of Memoral Hall as a menial, but today he goes out at the other end crowned with the highesst honor Harvard can bestow." A Born Teacher After receiving his degree at Harvard he taught in the colored High School at Washington. He attended the night classes of he Harvard University Law School and graduated in 1889, the valedictorian of his class. He won his master's degree form that instiuttion the following year. Harrison appointed him Chief of a Division in the Treasury Department. He regretted resigning his position as teacher in the High school, but he needed the money. Robert Terrell was a born teacher. He loved his work and his pupils loved him. Therefore he cheerfully returned to the schoolroom when the opportunity to do so was afforded him and he was soon made principal of what is now known as the Dunbar High School. His first law practice was in partnership with Ex-Congressman Lynch. In 1901 Roosevelt appointed him justice of the Magistrates Court, and in 1909 he was appointed municipal judge by Roosevelt. He was reappointed by president Roosevelt and his third appointment was made by President Taft, each time for a term of four years. When a Democratic president , Woodrow Wilson, was elected everybody believed the colored judge would lose his job. But the Bar Association of Washington , composed of Republicans and Democrats, some of whom were Southerners, unanimously indorsed Judge Terrell's reappointment. It was the first time in the history of that organization that it took such a stand. Wilson reappointed Judge Terrell twice. If you had happened to attend the Municipal Court of the national capital one morning during the World War you would have heard a decision rendered in an important case, You would have heard a colored judge hand down a decision that the Ball Rent Act was constitutional. The Ball rent Act was enacted by Congress as a wartime measure to prevent profiteering and ejectment of tenants who refused to pay exorbitant rentals when they could find no other houses in which to live. The District Court of Appeals decided that the Ball Rent Act was unconstitutional. There was great rejoicing rejoicing by the landlords, but their victory was short-lived, for when the case was carried to the United states Supreme Court, the colored judge's decision was sustained. First Negro Judge It is interesting to note in passing that he was the first colored man in the UInited States to be made a Federal judge. President Harding also reappointed Judge terrell. Practically every time he was reappointed Democrates from the South held out stoutly against his confirmation, solely on account of his race, and if thier political colleagues from the North had not come to the colored judge's rescue he would undoubtedly have been defeated. Judge Terrell was married to Mary Eliza Church of Memphis Tenn, who received her AB and AM degree from Oberlin College and then studied three years abroad. One of their daughters, Phyllis Church Terrell, followed her father's example, and is teaching in the Robert Gould Shaw High School in Washington. once when his term had expired a petition for his reappointment was started by a lawyer who had lost 13 out of 14 cases which he had tried in Judge Terrell's court. At the time of his death, Dec. 20th 1925, he was the dean of he Municipal Court, and left the remarkabel record of having been reversed in his decisions by the Court of Appeals only five times in 23 years. Grandfather Sued for Heart Balm Miss Bessie London of new York city waited 12 years with the hope of marrying Samuel J. Caplan, Brooklyn hat manufacturer. Caplan's wife died last year and he betook himself another mate, a widow not Miss London, who had just learned that Caplan is also the father of seven children and grandfather of two others. She is suing for $100,000 heart balm for breach of promise. [*Editorial*] [*(1st P. 1st Col.)*] TRIBUNE: SUNDAY NOVEMBER 18 1900 A Gem of Moving Eloquence. Last week's most notable event in our city was the meeting here of the executive committee of the National's Woman's Council. The delegates embraced some of the most prominent women of our country, and the subjects discussed were of local, national and world-wide interest. The public sessions which were conducted according to strict parliamentary law, showed the progress that American women have made in a science once supposed to be the exclusive province of man. The afternoon and evening sessions which were open to the public were of unusual interest. The addresses of Mrs. Sewall and Mrs. Gaffney, presidents respectively of the International and National councils, were able, timely and eloquent and set forth clearly and forcibly the aims of these vast bodies of earnest, progressive women and the work they have already accomplished. While the addresses of all the speakers were admirable in subject and treatment, the palm must be conceded to Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, the colored delegate from Washington, D.C. Mrs. Terrell is a woman of refined, imposing presence, the wife of a prominent lawyer, and a member of the Washington board of education, her special work being the establishment of kindergartens for colored children. Her husband was educated at [Oberlin] Harvard college, Mrs. Terrell from Oberlin college that institution which has done so much for the uplifting of a down trodden race. Her subject was "The Progress of Colored Women." Taking for her text the words "Lifting as We Climb," the motto of the progressive leaders of her race, she pleaded for justice to her people in eloquent, impassioned language that moved many of her audience to tears. In beauty and refinement of diction, as well as in impressive earnestness, her appeal was a masterpiece of oratory. She did not seek to exalt the virtues of her race. She owned to a degeneracy born of long years of ignorance and servitude, and set forth the present disabilities her people are suffering from the color prejudice rife in the North, and almost a mania in the South. She demonstrated the folly of expecting a race, but a few years ago freed from slavery, to rise in one short generation of freedom, to levels which the white races have reached only through the slow evolution of centuries. Her ideas of the elevation of her people conform to the practical theories of Booker Washington. There was just one colored delegate to this important gathering of the leading spirits of a great organization which is formed on broad lines, and admits no invidious distinctions on account of race, creed, or color. Its enthusiastic reception of Mrs. Terrell was in striking contrast to the treatment suffered last summer by Mrs. Ruffin at the Milwaukee biennial, the national reunion of the Federation of Woman's 2 THE WOMAN'S HERALD. The Woman's Herald Published monthly at Jackson, Miss. Mrs. U. J Wade, W. Lynch St., Jackson, Miss., Editor and Manager. Mrs. R. L. Johnson, West Jackson, Associate Editor. Edward W. Crane - - - - PUBLISHER. TERMS: -50 cens Per. Annum in advance. Single Copies, 5 cents. Advertising rates furnished upon application. Address all communications to the Editor. Officers of the State Federation. President., MRS. T. J. WILSON, Meridian. Vice Pres., MRS. B. M. Jonson, Brandon. Rec. Sec'y, MRS. L. CAMMACK, Jackson. Cor. Sec'y, MISS N. ROBINSON, Jackson. Treasurer, MRS. L. J. ROWAN, Alcorn. Ch'm'n Ex. Com. MRS. R. L. JOHNSON, Jackson. Auditor, MRS. A. Brook, Meridian. State Organizer, MRS. U. J. WADE, Jackson. The club women of Jackson have had a rare treat in coming into personal touch with Mrs. Mary Churc Terrell who spent two days in our city recently. For some time many of us have desired to know one who has had so much interest and experience in club work, having served for three successive years as president of the National Association of Colored Women, and being now its honorary president. When it was known that Mrs. Terrell would include Jackson in her lecture tour, steps were taken at once to have her speak to the Club women while here. She gladly and willingly consented to do so. The earnest words spoken in her informal heart-to-heart talk with us will long be remembered and will act as an incentive and an inspiration. She reviewed the field of work open to club women and showed the possibilities for good which surrounded them. She made an earnest plea for club work among the children of the ignorant and unfortunate- "for in the children," she said, "lies the hope of the race." She urged the establishing and maintenance of kindergartens and day nurseries every where. She besought the club women of Jackson to petition the municipal authorities for more schools and better surroundings that our young children might have a model of neatness, beauty and order ever before them, for many of them come from homes where there is no home training. Much interest was shown in what Mrs. Terrell had to say and inspiration was given to do more effective club work. Most of the club women were out at night to listen to her scholarly address on the "Bright Side of the Race Problem" which was very much appreciated and enjoyed by all. We call attention to an article printed elsewhere in this issue, concerning the work of the Woman's Christian Union of Vicksburg, a small band of earnest workers, as is attested to by the fact that they undertook so gigantic a task and have succeeded with it so well. To actually raise and pay nine hundred in less than four years on their Old Folk's Home is a herculean task from which many larger organizations would shrink. It is a most worthy undertaking and one which should receive the commendation and support of, not only every club woman in the state, but every race-loving man and woman everywhere. It has long been a disgrace to the race that our old people are not better cared for, that after years of usefulness misfortune overtakes them and they are allowed to die on the streets, so to speak, in poverty, unloved and uncared for. The Club Women of Vicksburg will have a rally during the annual meeting of the State Federation at which time an hour will be given up to taking donations for the Old Folks' Home. It is hoped that every The sermon was by Dr. McClenahan on the "Song of Solomon." There was not a very large crowd to hear the illustrated lecture by Mrs. Woodcock on "Children with Petals and Flowers that Walk." A number of small boys were called in from the park grounds to hear the talk which was especially for boys and girls, but which was of great interest to all present. She talked of the resemblance that there naturally is between plants and children, both have blood, a nervous system and dispositions which bear a marked resemblance to each other. She then placed a picture of a flower on the screen and asked if any of the boys or girls could tell what kind of flower it represented. Finally it was guessed rightly that it was a snap dragon. She then described the flower pictured as a beautiful flower in appearance but when it is taken hold of on its sides it snaps, just like some children that are good in appearance will snap if they are spoken to. She then placed a picture of an orchid on the screen and told of its peculiarities, how it will bloom till it has accomplished its one aim in life, that of having its pollen taken and distributed by bees that it had tried to attract by its own beauty and delightful odor. The lesson that this flower teaches is that of perseverance, the flower will wilt as soon as the bee comes to it and takes some of the pollen, and will not close for several months unless the bee does come. A picture of a different species of orchid was then drawn, this flower is different in form than the other, but is like it in being beautiful to look upon, and having a good smell, but is more cruel than the first one is. It allows the bee to come up to it and then by means of a small trap the bee plunged into a pot of honey, the bee gets out but will light on th and is again plunged into the pot; this being sometimes repeated till the bee dies of exhaustion. Other kinds of plants were pictured and their babits described, and applied to the disposition of children. The lecture was a good one from a moral standpoint and it also gave some good knowledge of botany. MRS. TERRELL'S LECTURE. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, president of the National Association of Colored Women, gave her lecture on "The Progress of the Colored Woman," at 2:30 p. m. yesterday, to a large and attentive audience. Most of those who heard this elegant lady's lecture on Harriet Beacher Stowe last night, which netted larger gate receipts than any night lecture so far in the course) were present to hear this lecture. The lecture on Mrs. Stowe was not only rich in matter, but the perfect bearing of Mrs. Terrell, her elegant but well tion. He said that the success of a nation depended upon the religion of the nation. He compared China and the United States, the difference is the difference between Buddahism and christianity, between Confucians and Christ. He showed how Japan has progressed since the christian missionaries began work there, sent by the United States of America. But Spain was a religious and christian country, why did it fall? The kind of christian religion makes a difference. Spain used to own all of South America and half of the United States, but now South America is gone; yes and more than that - Florida is gone, Louisiana is gone, the Philippines are gone, and we've got them and we are going to keep them. He believes that the United States is to teach the christian religion and brotherly love throughout the world. But what makes the difference between America and Spain? The difference is in an open and a closed Bible. The talk was intensely interesting throughout and full of noble patriotism, and high moral sentiments. Chautauqua Notes. "When Malinda Sings" the people all listened, but they didn't listen with more attention and delight than when Miss Bess Nisholson sings. She really Charms the people of the Chautauqua. Prof. Kratz is proving himself an execllent trainer; the chorus is making good music now and if they would only attend regularly the professor would soon have a great chorus. Miss Detweiler is also an excellent vocalist and is welcomed by the assembly when she comes on the stage. Mrs. Terrell well deserves the title, "the female Booker R. Washington." though she needs not the title to aid her on her way in the intellectual and oratorical world. Her addresses are the pure gold with less dross of nonsense than any lecturer that has come upon the stage at this Chautauqua. From the first word to the last she has something to say, and says it as cultured lady in the best of English, which has no tinge of the high falootin or the sensational. Such speakers are rare. She should be paid to travel as a model of good English and good manners. Death of "Aunt Betsy" Dillon. Mrs. George Dillon received a telegram yesterday informing her of the death of her sister, Mrs. James Dillon, who is known as "Aunt Betsy." She had been ill a long time, and was recently removed from the home of Mrs. George Dillon, Robinson street, to her son's in the southern part of the state, where she died. The remains will be brought to Georgetown for interment. CHAUTAUQUA ASSEMBLY The Best of the Program is Yet to be Given. MRS. TERRELL'S LECTURE Her Facts Were Carefully Gathered, Fairly Stated, and Show Progress of Colored Women --Today's Program CHAUTAUQUA PROGRAM TODAY, AUGUST 14. 9:00 a. m. Devotional meeting and Bible Lecture 10:30. Address to Mothers and Teachers by Mrs. Woodcock. 1:30 p. m. Concert. Duet by the Misses Nicholson and Detweller. 2: 30. Recognition services, Lecture by Dr. H. S. Perkins on "Egypt." 7:30 p. m. Grand Concert. 8:30. American Vitagraph (Moving Pictures), "The Passion Play," Reserved 10 cents extra. The rain night before last did no harm, though there was considerable wind with it, and the sun shone almost all day so that the grounds are in good condition again, and the best of the Chautauqua program is yet to be given. There was a good attendance all the time yesterday and people seemed glad that the rain had come and were busy fixing up their tents and affairs between times. If it don't rain hard again the attendance will be heavy on account of the good program from now on to the close. The sermon that was begun on Sunday morning and that had to be closed before finished because of the heavy rain fall, was finished and reviewed yesterday at the morning services. contained diction, showing so fully the thorough scholar, the perfect lady and calm philosopher, were assurance that she would give the facts fairly as to the progress of the colored women since emancipation. Her hearers were not disappointed; her facts are carefully gathered, fairly stated and show progress along the lines of making of colored women better wives, homekeepers and mothers; also in establishing sanitariums, schools, homes for old people and kindred work; also of the fact that in literature and all the professions, arts and sciences the colored people have representatives of distinction. Mrs. Terrell gave two of the best lectures so far in the course, and should she come this way again she will be heartily welcomed and have even a better hearing. It may be interesting to state that she was born about the close of the war of parents who had been slaves and graduated from Oberlin college; her husband was also born of slave parents, is a graduate of Harvard college and was one of six who gained the honors of his class; he is now superintendent of the colored schools of the District of Columbia. Mr. and Mrs. Terrell are themselves a proof of the progress of those who wore the cruel, depressing yoke of bondage for over two centuries. The program at night opened with music by the I. O. O. F. Fourth Regiment band and a chorous song by the Chautauqua chorus under the direction of Prof. Kratz. Miss Elma Smith appeared for the last time and recited two selections by request. REV. BROWN'S TALK. A very enjoyable surprise was an address by Rev. Geo. A. Brown, of this city, on the Harriet Beecher Stowe institute, of this city. He made a short talk on the work being done and should be done in the future by the institute. He said that the negro should not try to take a classical course in his present condition and should not yet hope for equal suffrage in everyday social life. What is needed is industrial training. He made a modest, yet earnest appeal to the citizens of Danville for aid in a work that will help all classes of society. BISHOP GALLOWAY. Bishop Galloway made an interesting talk on "Education and Patriotism." He said that the utmost necessity was the education of the child. He says that let who may make the laws of the country, let he who will write its ballads, but give him the training of the child and he can con- [*1908*] In honor of Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, the Phyllis Wheatley Club, The Ladies' Art and Industrial Circle and the Young Ladies' Social Purity spent a pleasant afternoon, Monday, April 13, at the residence of Mrs. S. D. Redmond. The members of the clubs assembled and kindly greeted the honored guest. Mrs. L. K. Atwood, Pres. of Phyllis Wheatley, announced the opening, Mrs. Carrie Robinson rendered an appropriately selected solo, after which Mrs. U. J. Wade, State Organizer of Women's Clubs of Miss. introduced Mrs. Terrell, as one of rare attainments, noble qualities, and as having been honored with most worthy positions. She also gave a brief account of the work of the dif- THE WOMAN'S MESSENGER. "I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHICH STRENGTHENETH ME." VOL. II. MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, THURSDAY, DEC. 23, 1897. NO50. WHITTIER HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. SIXTH ANNUAL CELEBRATION --AT-- COLLIN'S CHAPEL, FRIDAY NIGHT, DECEMBER 17, '97. Commemorating The 90th, Birth-day --of- JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER, The Quaker Poet, Who By His Writings Wielded a Powerful Influence For the Cause of Freedom. MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL, --of-- WASHINGTON, D. C., ADDRESSED the Association on the "Life and Character of HARRIET BEECHER STOWE Author of UNCLE TOM'S CABIN, --OR-- LIFE AMONG THE LOWLY." REMARKS BY C. A. THOMPSON President of the Association. THE INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS, and in this city, was born a desire to hear a eulogy on the life of this distinguished poet, delivered by one of the greatest men of our race, the late Hon. John Mercer Langston. From the marked success of that celebration began the awakening of the objects of our Association:--"to engender in the minds of the people of this city a fondness for literary pursuits and to raise the standard of literary and intellectual culture among them; to perpetuate the memory of all those heroes who in recent or remote ages, and in any country, have put forth noble efforts and made notable achievements for the advancement of the Black Race." Whether the purposes of the society have been fulfilled, the thousands, that have gathered, at our various celebrations, from time to time can come forth as witnesses. Let them come forth in memory of the occasions, when they listened to the inspiring words of Prof. B. K. Sampson and Rev. G. V. Clark in their addresses on "The Life and Times of Charles Sumner" and "The character and Public Career of Abraham Lincoln;" when they filled the spacious Auditorium of this city to hear the Hon. John R. Lynch in his discussion of "The Life of John Brown;" when, in the delivery of his celebrated lecture on "The Life and Character of Abraham Lincoln," crificed life and labors for the noblest of all causes, THE FREEDOM OF HUMANITY, we are reminded that they were inspired with a great love for mankind. Since, at each of our annual celebrations, the lives of such illustrious individuals are treated by the greatest men and women of the race, what human heart could fail to catch the spirit of inspiration to become instrumental in the elevation of humanity? Confronted by such noble examples, the Whittier Historical Association has from time to time made special contributions to the necessities of the indigent. We owe a debt of gratitude to the many friends and patrons who yearly rally to our call. As we view the dim vista of future years, we feel encouraged at the bright prospects which always follows the development of every worthy cause. Mrs. V. W. Broughton, Introduces-- Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen. It becomes my very pleasant duty, on this momentous occasion to say a word of introduction. I greet you with great joy, and a high appreciation for the honorable recognition given to woman, in this sixth anniversary celebration of The Whittier Historical, and Literary Association of Memphis, and Association that has, in the short space of five years made a national reputation, worthy of receipts from sale of pamphlets will be donated to O. L. and O. H. Ass." eminent citizens of Memphis, highly entertained lovers of literature and oratory, upon the following respective subjects. "Life and works, of Hon. Chas. Sumner," and "Negroes as Soldiers. Third Hon. John R. Lynch appeared , and stirred our people to greater loyalty and love for america since she had given us a John Brown, of Harper's Ferry, to strike the first decisive blow, which resulted in the emancipation of four million American negroes. The old soldiers cheered; and the national colors were every where visible, as the orator advanced higher and higher in the delivery of his words of truth and eloquence. Fourth, a brilliant light across in the person of Bishop W. B. Derrick. It was his to speak of Lincoln and that immortal pen, that opened the gateway, through which our ancestors passed from the thraldom of American Slavery to the new experience, of free American citizenship. So effectively did Bishop Derricg present the life and needs of Pres. Lincoln that men waved their hats in air and loud hurrahs were heard on every side. Now we have come to the sixth anniversary, and we come, with an entire departure from the accustomed order of things, me thinks this departure is the most delightful thing, that could happen for we all like changes; our nature calls for something new; and we sing a song, that my soul want some-thing that is new. Yes, we want changes in diet, in dress, in season and place, in work and play in fact, in almost every thing that concerns us; then of course, we want change in our speakers. Said an eminent Divine. "The world has had its age of gold, of iron and of brass but this, unmistakably is the age of woman." The Whittier H. L. Association has long ago agreed with Hiawatha, when he said Mrs. Louise Reed Stowell, and our representative were the first two women of the nation to be elected to the honorable position of Trustees of the City Schools of Washington D. C. Of this appointment. "The Washington Post" says, The women of the District and city of Washington are to be congratulated. For the first time, since the government was founded, the gentler sex is to be represented on the board of school trustees, the District commissioners having yesterday announced the appointment of the two women trustees, provided for by enactment of the late congress. These appointments were made by the commissioners, after careful deliberations and there was a canvass made of the qualifications and fitness of the many whose names were before them. "Indeed," said Pres. Ross, "there was an embarrassment of the beard in the wealth of good material, and we made the selections believing that under the circumstances, we were doing the best thing. Of course we had the names of a number of very capable people to consider." No higher testimonial could be given, to the real intellectual merit of our representative, than the choice made of her from the great number of meritorious applicants by a board of educated men to whom was intrusted the educational interests of the public. The Practical and Helpful Ideas presented the reporter, when first interviewed concerning her position regarding education, show our heroine to be a woman of deep thought and sympathy for the poor and neglected masses dependent upon the public funds for their education. Free Kindergarten for the neglected little ones, and manual Training for girls, were the two important themes presented, their needs and advantages being clearly set forth. The appointment of our representative to this responsi place of honorable distinction not [[5 Columns]] [[Column 1]] Writings Wielded in Powerful Influence For the Cause of Freedom. MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL, -of- WASHINGTON, D.C., ADDRESSED the Association on the "Life and Character of HARRIET BEECHERSTOWE Author of UNCLE TOM'S CABIN -OR- LIFE AMONG THE LOWLY." REMARKS, BY C.A. THOMPSON President of the Association THE INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS, BY MRS. V.W. BROUGHTON, PRESIDENT of the Ladies Auxiliary to the Whittier Historical and Literary Association. To a Large And Appreciative Audience. At the hour of 8, o'clock the great surging crowd made its rush on the ticket sellers, and it was until 9, o'clock, before the Committee of Arrangements were ready to commence the following program for the evening, towit: PROGRAMME, CHORUS, PRAYER...........Rev, J.S. Smothers, Solo,..............Miss Beattrice Robinson, Poem,.................The Pilot's Story, Mrs. Lotta G. Thompson, Remarks,.............By President, Introductory,.........Mrs. V.W. Broughton, ADDRESS, Life and Character of Harriet Beecher Stowe. MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL. President C.A. Thompson's-- Remarks on-- "The Orphan's and Old Ladies' Home Association." There no people but that has their needy ones. To provide for their relief is to show forth the divine spirit of mercy. The desire to help has ever filled the hearts of the noble men and women of our city. They only awaited a leader appered in the person of Mrs. D.E. Harvey; to whose call many (noble,) Christian women responded (--such ladies as Mrs. F.P. Cooper, Mrs. J.A. Hooks, Mrs. V.W. Broughton, Mrs. M.E. King, Mrs. L.V. Curry, Mrs. G.A. Ridley, Mrs. M. Herring, and others.) They have united in the organization Known as "The Orphans' and Old Ladies' Home Association." Hard, indeed, have they labored to pay for the twenty-five acres of land upon which they are to erect an orphans' and old ladies home. Through the energetic efforts of these noble women there has been paid $1350. The last note of $268.75 is to be met in February. Your presence here, to night, shows your desire to aid them in their very meritorious undertaking. WHITTIER HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. The life of a truly great man never dies. High upon the broad canopy of time, in emblazoned characters, his name is indelibly inscribed. Thus it is with the life and the name of that immortal poet, John Greenleaf Whittier. To night, his noble life gives inspiration to our organization, "The Whittier Historical and Literary Association" which bears his names. Five years ago [[/Column 1]] [[Column 2]] as witnesses. Let them come forth in memory of the occasions, when they listened to the inspiring words of Prof. B.K. Sampson and Rev. G.V. Clark in their addresses on "The Life and Times of Charles Sumner" and "The character and Public Career of Abraham Lincoln;" when they filled the spacious Auditorium of this city to hear the Hon. John R. Lynch in his discussion of "The Life of John Brown;" when, in the delivery of his celebrated lecture on "The life and Character of Abraham Lincoln," [[IMAGE]] [[Caption]] MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL, WASHINGTON D.C. [[/Caption]] Rev. W.B. Derrick of New York dazzled his hearers with the grandeur of his eloquence; when, with wrapper attention they sat under the masterly address of Prof. W.H. Councill on William Lloyd Garrison--uttering in undying words:--"Moral ideas can never be checked by physical forces. Persecution aids a good cause." These principles that have become a part of the life of our Association were never more firmly established than now in the hearts of the faithful men and women who have labored unceasingly for its prosperity. The lives of those men and women who, whether with pen, with speech, or with sword, have championed the race's cause, have ever received the highest place in our estimation of distinguished individuals. Of this fact, our annual celebrations stand forth as unshaken evidence. To be in touch with the great men and women of any race is to receive an inspiration to strive for the loftiest position in the scale of human greatness. Upon our roll appears the names of some of the greatest men of our race, such as those of the lat Hon. John Mercer Langston, the lamented Hon. Fredrick Douglas, the departed Dr. J.C. Price, the noted Negrojournalist T. Thomas Fortune, the distinguished divine, Rt. Rev. W.B. Derrick, D.D., and others. There is no real greatness without philanthropy. When we follow the biographies of the great men and women who sat [[/Column 2]] [[Column 3]] of every worthy cause. Mrs. V.W. Broughton, Introduces-- Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen. It becomes my very pleasant duty, on this momentous occasion to say a word of introduction. I greet you with the great joy, and a high appreciation for the honorable recognition given to woman, in this sixth anniversary celebration of The Whittier Historical., and Literary Association of Memphis, an Association that has, in the short space of five years made a national reputation, worthy of emulation by successive generations. This Association from year to year has brought, to Memphis, some of the ablest representative men of our race, men of high intellectual culture, wide experience, and national renown. First of said representatives, that appeared, was the late lamented Hon. John Mercer Langston, the educator and statesman, portraying, with wit and becoming dignity, the lovely character of Joh Greenleaf Whittier in honor of whom the Association was named. Second, Prof. B.K. Sampson, and Rev. G.V. Clark. The fifth representative, that came, famous, as a success, in Industrial Education, was Prof. W.H. Counncil of Norma, Ala. He spoke of Wm Lloyd Garrison, the true and tried friend of the American negro. This effort was such a concise, yet brief history of Garrison that it was considered wise to print the manuscript, and such other facts connected with the last anniversary celebration as would be profitable and instructive, hence we now have for circulation this pamphlet, a very valuable addition to the history that we are now making in this city, we hope every one will secure one of the pamphlets; they give not an only account of Mr. Garrison and Prof. Counncil, but a brief history of W.H.L. Ass." "The Auxiliary," The O.L. and O.H. Ass." and beside all this, the pictures of several of our ladies and gentlemen. One half of the [[/Column 3]] [[Column 4]] and that Immortal pen, that opened the gateway, through which our ancestors passed from the thralldom of American Slavery to the new experience, of free American citizenship. So effectively did Bishop Derricg present the life and needs of Pres. Lincoln that men waved their hats in air and loud hurrahs were heard on every side. Now we have come to the sixth anniversary, and we come, with an entire department from the accustomed order of things, me thinks this departure is the most delightful thing, that could happen, for we all like changes; our nature calls for something new; and we sing a song, that my soul want some-thing that is new. Yes, we want changes in diet in dress, in season and place, in work and place in fact, in almost every thing that concerns us; then of course, we want change in our speakers. Said an eminent Divine. "The world has had its age of gold, of iron and of brass bat this, unmistakably is the age of women." The Whittier H.L. Association has long ago agreed with Hiawatha, when he said to old Nicomis "As unto the bow, the cord is, unto man is woman, Tho' she bends him, she obeys him, Tho' she draws him, still she follows, Useless each without the other." The organization of the Ladies Auxiliary three years ago testifies to the Whittier's decision. The L. Auxiliary have befittingly supplemented the work of the Association ever ready to contribute to the success of all the public entertainment they have cheerfully responded to all request made of them and have enlivened the anniversary celebrations with their literary contributions their music, and their potent influence. For this anniversary Celebration however. The Association has planned to give unprecedented recognition of woman's worth and influence, and hence have chosen, as, the character to be presented, Harriet Beecher Stowe, a woman of world-wide renown: and a woman has been secured to tell the wondrous story. To the praise, of Tennessee, and better far to that of dear old Memphis town it can be truly said, when search was made far and near the committee-men were cast in their minds, where to find one of the fairer sex, sufficiently worthy to compete with the illustrious representatives that had address us one that would hold, equally high, the standard of literary excellence already raised. Memphis answered, "search no longer, committeemen for one is found able, one born upon my soil daughter of one of my wealthiest colored citizens; She is the elect lady of the land, the President of "The national Association of Colored Women" the representative of all that's fair and beautiful the embodiment of culture and refinement, the manifestation of the capabilities of persons of color being blessed with all that natural talent and fortune combined could do, no opportunity, for the highest and culture has been denied her. She graduated from Oberlin College classical department with high distinction in 1881. She served as teacher of Latin and Greek in Wilberforce university. Xenia Ohio. She excelled in the languages, and took such delight in study, she went abroad, and studied modern languages, visiting Lansanne Switzerland, Berlin, Florence and Paris. On her return to America and she taught in the High School of Washington D.C. Tiring of single blessedness, she left the school room came to her own Memphis home, and amid a host of friends was happily married, to Hon. Robert H. Terrell of Washington D.C. in the palatial parlors of her father's handsome residence, on Lauderdale St. [[/Column 4]] [[Column 5]] Ross, "there was an embarrassment of the board in the wealth of good material, and we made the selections believing that under the circumstances, we were doing the best thing. Of course we had the names of a number of very capable people to consider." No higher testimonial could be given, to the real intellectual merit of our representative, than the choice made of her from the great number of meritorious applicants by a board of educated men to whom was intrusted the educational interests of the public. The Practical and Helpful Ideas presented the reporter, when first interviewed concerning her position regarding education, show our heroine to be a woman of deep thought and sympathy for the poor and neglected masses dependent upon the public funds for their education. Free Kindergarten from the neglected little ones, and manual Training for girls, were the two important themes presented, their needs and advantages being clearly set forth. The appointment of our representative to this responsible place of honorable distinction [[unclear]] succor to the helpless and neglected. In educational and Literary Circles this lady has figured conspicuously, notable as chairman of the educational committee of Col. Women's League of the District, and Pres. of the Bethel Literary Society, being the only woman to occupy that position. When the two national organizations of colored women assembled in Washington two years ago to effect one grand national body, our lady was chosen the executive head; a year after, when this national assembly convened in Nashville the Centennial City, it was our privilege to be present, not only to share in securing her reelection, but to rejoice in witnessing her to be the acknowledged choice of the brainiest women of color it has ever been my pleasure to meet. The wisdom of their choice was manifest throughout the sessions of the Association on the extraordinary executive ability displayed in ruling and the kindness and dignity of her general demeanor, and hence with doffed hats, and kerchiefs waved to the breeze, we extend the Chatauqua salute to our own beloved, Mary Church Terrell the wife of Hon. Robert H. Terrell, of Washington D.C. and daughter of Mr. R.R. Church, one of the wealthiest Col. men of the south and resident of our own town. Mrs. Terrell will now address you upon the most bewitching subject connected with our history. "Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin." JOHN MERCER LANGSTON MEMORIAL [[IMAGE]] [[Caption]] JOHN M. LANGSTON [[/Caption]] Will be held at the TABERNACLE Baptist Church, on Turley St., Friday night January 14th, 1898, at 7:30, P.M. Let every body turn out to give honor. --It is well to halt a man with a "Why?" Men drift into many evils. They do as others do. Why? Press the question and compel the answer. Why? [[/Column 5]] Washington Sun, 11-27-14 Mrs. Terrell Before the School Voters' League in Boston. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell has returned home after a most successful trip to New England, where she made several addresses to the most important group of social workers in that section of the country. She addressed the School Voters' League in Boston, the Forum in Melrose, the Open Forum in Cambridge, and had the unusual honor of sitting on the bench with Judge Baker in the Juvenile Court in Boston. The Boston press was very complimentary in reference to Mrs. Terrell's speeches; several of the papers carrying lengthy accounts and cuts of her. The School Voters' League announcement has this to say of her and her career: "On November 14, from another expert, Mrs. Church Terrell, of Washington, D.C., a colored woman who exemplifies in her own person all the potentialities of the race for which Lincoln died, we shall learn of "The Progress and the Problem of the Colored Woman." When Mrs. Terrell graduated from college, some twenty years ago, her attainments were recognized as so remarkable that she was once invited to become a member of the faculty. Instead, she married the brilliant young Harvard man to whom she was engaged, and who is now Judge Terrell of the Washington bench. Their daughter is today a student in her mother's college. All Mrs. Terrell's time outside of that due to her home has been given for many years to the needs of colored people. Everywhere she has told the story of what her race has done and what it seeks the chance to do. Once at an international congress in Paris she told this story in limpid and beautiful French; again in Rome she told it in Italian. To us she will tell it in strong and forceful English. Women orators are comparatively rare, but Mrs. Terrell is one of them. Boston women especially, should give heed to her words. For it was from a notable group of Boston women that the first impetus for the abolition of slavery emanated. Physical freedom, without economic freedom, is, however, of little worth, and Boston is far from being as generous now as it used to be in its attitude toward the Negro. The case of the educated color girl is unspeakably tragic. But some colored women, like Mrs. Terrell herself, have been able to overcome all obstacles and it is of the things they have accomplished, and of how we may help their sisters similar successes, that this lecture will tell us." THE SPRINGFIELD DAILY BIG MEETINGS CLOSE. IMPORTANT BUSINESS OVER. TOWARD MISSION CONSOLIDATION. WOMEN'S MEETING IN AFTERNOON. Address by President Barrows of Oberlin and Other Strong Speakers in the Evening. Many people were sorry last night when President Noble declared the 54th annual meeting of the American missionary association at an end. Some people were glad, but these were the members of the hardworking committees, who were feeling the strain that had been upon them during the three days. Resolutions were passed to everything and to everybody for the success of the meeting, and the visiting delegates are loud in their praises of Springfield and Springfield's hospitality, while Springfield people are charmed with the cultured people who have been their guests during the past three days. To-day the delegates and visitors will scatter to all parts of the country, and the gay soubret will reign supreme once more within the temporarily hallowed precincts of the theater. There were speakers here whose names are known around the world, and they made telling and stirring addresses. There were those here fresh from the arduous toil of the mission field, whose work is their fame; and there were some who spoke who have received their benefits from the American missionary association, and were here to tell of the work that they have been eye-witnesses to. Again the day was an ideal one, and the attendance at all of the meetings was large. All that remains to be done now is the trolly trop to Mt Tom this morning, and then the great meeting will be only history. By far the most important part of yesterday's exercises was the business meeting, which was held in the chapel of the First church, and lasted all the afternoon. It was then that the report and recommendations of the committee of nine were taken up, discussed and referred to a committee of five, to be nominated later, who shall act upon it. This committee of nine contains a member from each of the six great Congregational societies, the American board of foreign missions, the Congregational home missionary society, the American missionary association, the Congregational Sunday-school and publishing society, the Congregational educational society and the Congregational church building society. These six men elected three other men to become members of their committee, and work with them. All of these hold annual meetings, but only those of the first three are public. These meetings are all held at different places and at different times, and the committee of nine have recommended that this great change be made; That they all unite and have one huge annual meeting lasting for a week or more. One year it shall be held in the East and another is in the West. At the other end of the country from that in which the annual meeting is held a great conference shall be held six months later, lasting an equal length of time, but no business transacted. It was recommended that the delegates to this meeting be elected by the churches [?] Each society is to have its own board of directors, trustees, etc., and also its [?] budget of receipts [?][?][?][?] financial report was read by Rev. A.L. Williston. The report, as accepted, is in part as follows: The treasurer's report for the year ending September 30, 1900 has been compared with the entries upon the books, and found to be a correct transcript therefrom. The original certificates of the auditors of the association and of the certified public accountant appear upon the books of the association and indicate the thoroughness of the examination made by these officers. The records of the department appear to be kept in an orderly and systematic manner, and every reasonable safeguard seems to be provided for the security of the funds entrusted to the association. The books show a marked increase in the receipts of the association during the year, both from donations and legacies. The treasurer reports for the year, as the [PHOTOGRAPH] MRS. M.J. TERRILL. total receipts from all sources, $435,427.70, while for the previous year the receipts were $379,693.50, making an increase of $55,734.20, an increase in donations of $13,673.83, and in legacies of $48,843.98, and a decrease in other items of $5783.61 The increased income from legacies has enabled the treasurer to credit the sum of $36,794.75 to the reserve legacy fund, thus increasing that fund to the sum of $45,524.81. It will be remembered that this fund was established in pursuance of a plan to equalize the benefit of the income derived by the association from legacies, which income has been found to vary more or less from year to year. Having a reserve fund to draw upon in case of unexpected diminution of the legacy income in any year, the executive committee is able to determine in advance upon the appropriations for the work of the association upon a more secure basis. The year covered by the annual report is the first full year in which the plan has been in operation. Your committee approve the plan and recommend its continuance with such changes as experience may suggest to the executive committee. The Daniel Hand fund account is entitled to special mention, both from the fact that it is kept as a separate account and by reason of the importance of the fund. Your committee examined the entries upon the books of the association relating to the management of the fund itself, as well as the income therefrom, and find the record in all respects satisfactory and complete. The income from the fund has been $62,499.22 which, with the credit balance at the beginning of the year makes the sum of $81,693.55 available for the purposes of the trust. There has been expended during the year $69,899.59, leaving a balance in hand at the close of the year, $11,793.96. There was expended in common, graded and normal schools $55,634.59, and for personal aid of students the sum of $9265, and for cost of administration of this fund $5000, making the total expenditure, as already stated, $69,899.59. The schools aided by this fund are located [?] [?] [?] belong the collecting and disbursing of funds, the appointing, counseling, sustaining and dismissing of salaried officers and missionaries and agents, and the selection of missionary fields. They shall have authority to fill all vacancies in their own membership or in the officers of the association occurring between the annual meetings until the next annual meeting; to apply to any Legislature for acts of incorporation or conferring corporate powers; to make provision when necessary for disabled missionaries and for the widows and children of deceased missionaries, and in general to transact all such business as usually appertains to the executive committee of missionary and other benevolent societies. The acts of the committee shall be subject to the revision of the annual meeting. Five members of the committee constitute a quorum for transacting business. The nominating committee then reported the following nominations for the resolutions committee and they were elected: Rev. A.H. Bradford of New York, Rev. D. S. Clark of Massachusetts and S.C. Bridgman of Massachusetts. This brought the business meeting of the morning to a close. President Noble then said that the audience would have the pleasure of listening to a report of the common work from Gen. T.J. Morgan, secretary of the American Baptist home missionary society. Gen. Morgan gave an interesting and well listened to address, saying in part: It is hardly too much to say that among the series of incidents constituting the history of this republic there stands out one with great boldness, and that is Abraham Lincoln's proclamation of emancipation, which lifted four millions of Africans from bondage and brutishness to the high plane of manhood and citizenship. It radically revolutionized the economic, social, political and religious conditions in the South, and brought before the people of the United States a strange and appalling problem, namely, the incorporation into the national life of 4,000,000 human beings - already grown to 10,000,000, and promising before the next century closes to reach at least 50,000,000/ They are to become active participants in our civilization. If the negro problem is to be solved there must be the co-operation of five great factors: the national government, the southern states; the negroes themselves; those men and women of wealth, who, for the lack of a better term, may be called philanthropists; and the Christian churches. The United States government emancipated the slaves, enlisted them in its armies, conferred citizenship upon them, threw about them some protective legislation, and made partial provision through the Freedman's bureau for their education. I submit that the American statesmen have signally failed to meet the demands made upon them by the negro problem, and have shown themselves apparently incapable of its solution. Having emancipated the slaves as a war measure, and having conferred upon them the right of suffrage, it became the bounden duty of the government to make ample provision for the training of these people for citizenship. This it has utterly failed to do. If the government had done as much, proportionately, for the education of the negroes as it is now doing for the education of the Indians, it would have come nearer to meeting its solemn obligations. The southern states, through a common school system, have done a good work, but the work has not been commensurate with the demands. The greatest indictment which is to be brought against the southern people is the unjust treatment to which the negroes have been subjected, the political and economical ostracism under which they have been thrown, and the practical annulling of the negroes' right of suffrage, while still claiming and enjoying the power in national legislation and administration based upon the enumeration of negro citizens. The negroes have vindicated the wisdom of their emancipation, and justified their claims to impartial citizenship. They constitute to-day the yeomanry of the South, and are willing and able to perform the labor that produces southern wealth. The claims upon philanthropy, especially for the establishment of well-organized institutions of learning, have not been met. The American philanthropists have done comparatively little for the negroes of the South. I come now to speak specifically of our common work; that is, of the effort of Protestant Christians to establish [?][?][?] [next column torn in half, unreadable] ABOUT THE NEGROES Mary C. Terrell Says Organized White Labor is Against the Colored Man. TALK BY FRA ELBERTUS. Tells of the Work of Roy-crofters at East Aurora. SOME OF HIS THEORIES. THURSDAY, JULY 31. Afternoon Program. Songs--Wesleyan Quartet. Address--Sam Jones. Selection--Mr. Cope. Song--Wesleyan Quartet. Evening Program. Concert--Wesleyan Quartet. Moving Pictures of Passion Play. Montaville Flowers will speak on Saturday afternoon instead of Friday afternoon as announced previously. The continued fine weather makes for the success of the Chautauqua. The grounds could hardly be in finer condition and are most conveniently arranged for the convenience of the campers. There are a number of family tents besides the headquarters which have been established by various churches for the convenience of their members who may attend the meetings. Among those who have tents on the grounds are: The Rain or Shine club, composed of Messrs. George Tucker, T. B. Ewing, C. E. Rodgers, J. S. Galbraith, Will Hubbard and Devot Strader and their wives; S. M. Lutz, J. G. Flint and Milton Johnson, jr., George P. Hart, Rev. J. M. Robbins of Harristown, Bean and Pritchett, W. C. Outten and J. C. Brownback, Mont Peniwell and E. R. Moffett of Blue Mound, Mrs. A. W. Conklin and Mrs. D. S. sheliabarger, the Cumberland Presbpterian church, the First Presbyterian church and the Epworth Leagues of Grace and the First M. E. churches. Excellent arrangem ts to furnish cool drinking water the grounds Their condition now is far better than it was fifty years ago in slavery. "The greatest drawbacks to the progress of the race are: First, those purblind representatives of the dominant race whose eyesight all right at other times becomes afflicted with astigmatism, myopia and even crossed when they view the race question; second, those sycophantic colored persons who to curry favor with their white friends are ready to hold up their own race to derision; third, those people of both races who advise the negro to lower the standard at which he has been aiming, those persons who urge him to be content with a humble comfortable mediocrity. "But the majority of the race still find reason to look o the bright side. Among the many good qualities of the negro none speaks more favorably for his future progress than his insatiable thirst for knowledge and his willingness to make sacrifices to secure it. Contrast the negro with the ill-conditioned of all nations. While the lower masses in this country, for instance, are content to remain in a condition of mental inertia, the grandchildren no further advanced than their grandparents, the ambition of every colored father and mother is to learn something themselves and that their children may learn. Consider that the negro race in less than fifty years has advanced from a condition of complete ignorance to the point where it has produced scholars and authors. There is hardly a college of note in this country which has not graduated with honor colored students." Mrs. Terrell mentioned many names of colored students who had made exceptional records in competition with their white brothers. In continuing she discussed the causes of the backward position of the negro in the ranks of skilled labor. "If it is true that he is not the skilled artisan that he once was and has to a degree deserted the trades it is not his fault. It is the fault of the trades unions who have closed their doors against him and put up the sign, 'No Blacks Need Apply.' If he should fly in the face in the trades union and take up work in manufactories where the white laborer has refused to work he does so at his own risk even of life itself. But even this has its brighter side. It makes the negro see that he must be a master of trade if he is to principal work carried on in this shop is printing, illuminating and binding books. There are also departments in ornamental blacksmithing, cabinet-making clay modeling, terra cotta and furniture making. Everything is doe entirely by hand. The establishment of the bookbindery and printery came through an evolution of thoughts of his own. The other departments grew out of the desire of the village folk to show what they could do. Mr. Hubbard's talk last evening was largely confined to telling of the growth of the shops. He says he now has employed there over three hundred people who are making books and things. They do not make cheap books. Their books are just as good as can be made and they sell at from $2 to $200 for a single book. Mr. Hubbard does not lay any special claim to originality in his work. He says that there are not many original things in the world. In making their books they are following as a model the books made in Venice before American was discovered and they made better books in Venice in 1492 than ever have been made in America. The books ae illuminated by hand. They go to the art collectors all over the world. There are no agents and the books are not on sale at the book stores but they have no trouble finding ready sale for them. Mr. Hubbard says that he is very conscious of their imperfections and that some day they hope to make a truly beautiful book. The vital point of the business is this: That with the exception of one bookbinder brought over from Germany there is no skilled labor employed in the places. The employes are all boys and girls and men and women who have gone into the shops and worked out their own salvation, that is, they have been guided and taught to make the things for which they had a special talent. Yet with all this so great has been the success of the work that it satisfies the cultured lover of all that is best in art. These employes have not travelled. They are not educated or were not when they begun work at the Roycroft shops. They are not particularly different from other people who live in the same latitude. They simply have found a way of expressing themselves. of working out through the finger tips the best that is in them. In speaking of their lack of education Mr. Hubbard said that no man is perfectly educated and that there is not such a thing in the world as an uneducated man or woman. He spoke of the John Dewey school in Chicago where, he said, they are trying to overcome the advantages of civilization by teaching the children of rich parents how to work, and pointed to this as an evidence that no knowing how to do things with the hands constituted ignorance and that this fact was being recognized more and more reached Decatur. bit of a good man on the farm as a a bowboy out we cago, worked in a dled soap, shoved wrote letters to was a newspaper salesman and at going on the sta factory and sold he tramped th through Harvar would up at E Established a littl was teh nucleus institution. The istine was gott ment. It now ha 000 a month. have a circulati There is an Roycrofters is a tion. This is a tion is a corpo of stock are h women who wo are paid wag wages. All of th crofters and t that if one of at any time w do better so sell his stock This is called Mr. Hubbar His manner of his style of c reminds one a sell in his exp He is not part method of dre "graft," but ov is accompa me son, who is high. He wor smith shops a mony of this f wear large appear to be have been made. A large iron tank enclosed in a wooden box and kept filled with water and ice is furnished with pumps where cold drinking water can be obtained free. Mrs. Fannie Teney, who is an experienced restaurant manager, conducts the dining tent in the northeast corner of the grounds. There is also a refreshment booth. WEDNESDAY'S MEETING. Wednesday afternoon Mrs. Mary Church Terrell spoke to an appreciative audience on the future of the negro. The address was preceded by several selection by the Wesleyan quartet. Deputy Sheriff Wayman Wilkerson introduced Mrs. Terrell in an able speech, he said: "As every nation has produced its great leaders so has every race. France gave to the world a Napoleon, England a Gladstone, Germany a Bisbarek, Ireland her Daniel O'Connell and America the great Lincoln; so the negro race has produced Booker T. Washington. It can be said with truth that the negro has made marvelous strides in his progress from slavery to the heights of manhood and citizenship. The negro has made greater progress in a shorter time than any race in the history of the world. The white race has the same reason to be proud of the progress of the negro, for it has been through your aid, and encouragement and forbearance that it has largely been accomplished. Much has been said as to whether the negro would improve under freedom, education and refinement and I take pleasure in presenting to you. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, who is known as the female Booker T. Washington, who will speak on that subject. Mrs. Terrell was handsomely and tastefully gowned and very much at her ease on the platform. She is the embodiment of the refined and accomplished American woman and her position as the chairman of the federation of Colored Women's clubs of America speaks for the breadth of her culture and ideas. That she has lived in England would appear from certain tricks of speech. Mrs. Terrell said that she believed in presenting the brighter rather than the darker side of the race problem. She said: "There is surely at present some short cut to the appearance of wisdom. To be considered a philosopher in this day one has apparently only to talk at all times about the vices and degradation of some other race; to wallow in gloom. He who wishes to be considered a philosopher today must be a pessimist. "Nothing could be more seriously handicap a race than hopelessness. While I do not advise to close his eyes entirely to this vices and defects or to the laws of the country which are against the progress of the negro, the tendency of the present makes it imperative for those interested to emphasize their virtues and possibilities rather than to recall their ignominy. "Considering his past habits of improvidence the financial progress of the negro is almost miraculous. Scores of negroes throughout the country would be considered wealthy judged by the standards of twenty years ago. "The negro is innately honest. We have the unanimous testimony of the missionaries to the native honesty of the African race before it had been contaminated by the example of less honest races. But the white people insist upon judging the race by the lowest and most vicious rather than by the best. "The negro's courage as a soldier had been the admiration of the world. It has always been above reproach. In the greatest armed struggle the world has even seen the union was finally forced to accept his aid without which defeat seemed imminent. "A commander in the recent war with Spain has said that not only were the colored troops not inferior to the white troops, but that in some respects they were even superior. "There is an inherent dash and fire about them which the more sluggish northern troops would do well to emulate.' It was the colored troops at El Caney and San Juan hill that saved the day by rushing over the bodies of other soldiers who had fallen overcome by fear. "An encouraging sign is that the negro is coming to employ his own race more as doctors, as lawyers and artisans." TELLS ABOUT THE ROYCROFTERS Largest Audience of the Meeting Greeted Fra Elbertus Last Night. Elbert Hubbard, who has made himself famous as the editor and publisher of the Philistine and the promoter and manager of the Roycroft shops at East Aurora, N. Y., was the speaker last evening. He was greeted with an immense audience. It seems that the general impression has been that Mr. Hubbard would tie with Sam Jones in drawing a crowd to the Chautauqua. Mr. Jones will have to have a record-breaking audience if he is to come out winner. Robert I. Hunt, who introduced Mr. Hubbard, said that the proprietors of a certain factory in Decatur had decided to give their employes the benefit of at least one lecture on the program and a vote was taken to decide who they were to hear. Over sixty per cent of the employes voted to hear Mr. Hubbard and it seems if a general vote of the public had been taken it would have resulted even more favorably to the speaker of persons who will hear no other number on the program were in the audience. Mr. Hubbard believes that the salvation of the world lies in giving people the opportunity to work out the impressions of their minds with their hands. With this as the keynote he established the shops at East Aurora. He named it the "Roycroft Shop." "Roycroft" means "Kingcraft." The require a certificate of cha cter from their employes. They take anybody if they think it will be a mutual benefit arrangement. They have jail birds and uncontrollable boys who have been expelled from school and everywhere there is perfect harmony, trust and fellowship. He says he does not know who the bad people are. Crime in most instances is misdirected energy. There are no foremen in the Roycroft shops, but there are teachers. However there is one man that all the others look up to and who in the case of an emergency in Mr. Hubbard's absence would take the lead and this man has been out of Sing Sing prison just three years. The Roycroft employes are educated as they work. There is a piano in every room. When the nerves are overwrought and the body tired the employe rests and music is played to soothe him. He says he believes that the employes will give out at their finger tips the good things they take in from their surroundings. There are twenty-two lines of study. He says he believes that if truancy and hoodlumism are to be done away with it will be accomplished through manual training in the public schools. In this respect he paid a compliment to Principal Ehrman of the high school saying that Mr. Ehrman had many Roycrofter ideas, one of them being the carrying of the kindergarten system through all the higher grades of the school. Mr. Hubbard believes the kindergarten to be the greatest thing of the century. He also congratulated the Decatur people in having the Millikin university as a manual training school, and incidently he congratulated the Millikin university for having Decatur. The speaker advised people not to grow old, not to retire from business, but to keep right at work, for the man who has found in his work the best expression of himself and who does his work well will not be afraid to die. He will live a long time and have lots of fun. Mr. Hubbard believes the day is coming when the people will not have cheap furniture, but will demand fewer and better things. This will come as a natural result when men and women increase in culture and refinement. Art is the expression of man's joy in his work and an article made in joy will give joy again to its possessor. The sweat shop system will never do. the cheap article may serve the man in a certain round of evolution, but the finest lithograph will never do away with the hand painting. Mr. Hubbard closed by saying that the kingdom of heaven is in all men and that there is o devil but fear. There is no higher wisdom than to live each day at a time, to do your work the best you can and be kind, always kind. MR. HUBBARD'S PERSONALITY. Elbert Hubbard was born on a farm near Hudson, McLean county, Illinois. There he knew Superintendent Gastman, and Mr. Gastman was among the first persons he inquired for when he A SQUARE DEAL FOR THE SOUTH. By Savoyard. President Roosevelt is resolved that the South and he shall be good friends, better friends indeed, than the South and Mr. McKinley. It is in the timber to bring it about and without the sacrifice of political principle on the part of the South or the loss of personal dignity on the part of the President. Candor, tact and patience will do the business. All that Mr. Roosevelt is called on to do is give he South "a square deal." God knows the South would not have him to truckle and to cringe, and God knows he is not going to truckle and to cringe. He is too much of the highest order of Southerner for that. A man whose mother's brother fired the last shot from the rebel man-of-war Alabama ere she sank must have both respect and fondness for the South and by that same token the South much have some faith and attachment for the nephew of this uncle and the son of his mother. There are a heap of Southern traits in this man's make-up, and if he can only show that he is as magnanimous as he is honest and brave it will be a comparatively easy matter for him to make the South a full sister of the other sections of the Union, something she has not yet been under any Republican administration, not even McKinley's. If Roosevelt had been our candidate the South would have been solider than ever before. We would have been voting for him yet. I do not intend to discuss the race question, but I do not want to say a word about the Crum case. Had Crum been a white man the President would have dropped him long ago; but it is another phase of it to present. It was no question as to the appointment of negroes to office. Cleveland did that, but the question dissolved itself into this proposition, Shall the State of South Carolina and the city of Charleston have a square deal? Is that community the full equal of Massachusetts in the Cabinet councils and political policies of the administration of Theodore Roosevelt? The answer is "no", and you cannot escape it. No man offensive to Massachusetts and Boston would have been appointed collector of the port of Boston, whatever his race or whatever his history. Everybody knows that. So it will be observed that if the South is to have a square deal the President must deal from the top of the pack all the time, whether the hand be for the North or the South. Nothing that Mr. Roosevelt can do is going to dissipate and eradicate race prejudice. He will as soon and as easily repeal or nullify the law of gravitation as he will not uproot caste from the human composition. Let the President deal to Illinois the hand he has dealt to South Carolina. He says "the door of hope" must stand open. Very well. Fling her open. Appoint a few of Senator Hopkins' negro constituents to post-offices and things in Illinois. There is opportunity for the square deal, and there "the door of hope" is closed. I doubt if there is a single negro postmaster north of Mason and Dixon's line. I mention Senator Hopkins because he is committed to it. It will readily be called the Senator expressed an indignation that would not be placated, and was possessed of a sorrow that would not be comforted, because the State of Mississippi refused to send negroes to the United States Senate to help him deliberate in the most dignified political body in the world, and lend their wisdom to aid him in solonizing for the most enlightened, the most opulent, and the most puissant people in the world. What do you suppose was the occasion of this sample of transcendentalism on the part of Hon. Hopkins? Why they had mobbed a squad of negroes in Illinois for the offense of laboring for their daily bread, and this successor of Stephen A. Douglas had a vague sort of instinct that the outraged would be condoned, mayhap excused, possibly forgotten, if he should call attention to the fact that, while negroes were encouraged to work in Mississippi, they were not allowed to make the laws for Mississippians. I hope the President will give Senator Hopkins a does of his own philosophy. The best way in the world to compose the race question is for educated negroes at the South to move North and for industrious white American born farmers at the North to seek homes down South. But about that square deal: There is an economic phase as well as racial. Some years ago it was developed that a tobacco wrapper equal to that of Sumatra could be grown in Connecticut. What did they do? They put a tariff of $2 a pound or Sumatra wrappers to "protect" the Connecticut farmer. Long ago it was demonstrated that a most excellent article of tea could be produced in South Carolina- much better than the average tea we import; but no tax was levied on tea to to protect the South Carolina grower. Let us be uncharitable. Sometimes it is the only road to the truth. If tea had been grown in Connecticut and Sumatra wrappers in South Carolina, there would be a big tax on tea in the Dingley law and Sumatra wrappers would be on the free list. Now, have I warrant for that statement? Let us look. The farmer growing wheat in Dakota has free binding twine for the purposes of garnering his grain; the planter growing cotton in Georgia must use taxed cotton ties to prepare his crop for market. The wheat grower of Dakota is a Northern man and a Republican: the cotton planter of Georgia is a Southern man and a Democrat. Let us persist in uncharity. If Dakota grew cotton and Georgia wheat, binding twine would be taxed and cotton ties free. Now, this is no attempt to arouse sectional or racial animosity. It is merely an expedition in search of a certain "square deal," of which mention has been made. I do not think Theodore Roosevelt believes in taxation that benefits one class and oppresses another. He is a square man, and if he shall show that his wisdom [cut off] knows the South would not have him to truckle and to cringe, and God knows he is not going to truckle and to cringe. He is too much of the highest order of Southerner for that. A man whose mother's brother fired the last shot from the rebel man-of-war Alabama ere she sank must have both respect and fondness for the South, and by that same token the South must have some faith and attachment for the nephew of his uncle and the son of his mother There are a heap of Southern traits in this man's make-up, and if he can only show that he is as magnanimous as he is honest and brave it will be a comparatively easy matter for him to make the South a full sister of the other section of the Union, something she has not yet been under any Republican administration, not even McKinley's. If Roosevelt had been our candidate the South would have been solider than ever before. We would have been voting for him yet. -- I do not intend to discuss the race question, but I do want to say a word about the Crum case. Had Crum been a white man the President would have dropped him long ago; but it is another phase of it I purpose to present. It has not question as to the appointment of negros to office. Cleveland did that, but the question dissolved itself into this proposition, Shall the State of South Carolina and the city Charleston have a square deal? Is that community the full equal of Massachusetts in the Cabinet councils and political policies of the administration of Theodore Roosevelt? The answer is "no," and you cannot escape it. No man of offensive to Massachusetts and Boston would have been appointed collector of the port of Boston, whatever his race or whatever his history. Everybody knows that. So it will be observed that if the South is to have a square deal the President must deal from the top of the pack all the time, whether the hand be for the North or the South. Nothing that Mr. Roosevelt can do is going to dissipate and eradicate race prejudice. He will as soon and as easily repeal or nullify the law of gravitation as he will uproot caste from the human composition. Let the President deal to Illinois the had he has dealt to South Carolina. He says "the door of hope" must stand open. Very well. Fling her open. Appoint a few of Senator Hopkin's negro constituents to post-offices and things in Illinois. There is opportunity fir the square deal, and there "the door of hope" is closed. I doubt if there is a single negro postmaster north of Mason and Dixon's line. I mention Senator Hopkins because he is committed to it It will readily be recalled that the Senator expressed an indignation that would no be placated, and was possessed of a sorrow that would not be comforted, because the State of Mississippi refused to send negros to the United States Senate to help him deliberate in the most dignified political body in the world, and lend their wisdom to aid him in solonizing for the most enlightened, the most opulent, and the most puissant people in the world. What do you suppose was the occasion of this same of transcendentalism on the part of the Hon. Hopkins? Why, they had mobbed a squad of negros in Illinois for the offense of laboring for their daily bread, and this successor of Stephen A. Douglas had vague sort of instinct that the outrage would be conditioned, mayhap excused, possible forgotten, if he should call attention to the fact that, while negros where encouraged to work in Mississippi, they were not allowed to make the laws for Mississippians. I hope the President will give Senator Hopkins a dose of his own philosophy. The best way in the world too compose the race question is for educated negros at the South to move North and for industrious white American-born farmers at the North the seek home down South. -- But about that square deal: There is an economic phase as well as racial. Some years ago it was developed that a tobacco wrapper equal to that of Sumatra could be grown in Connecticut. What did they do? They put a tariff of $2 a pound or Sumatra wrapper to "protect" the Connecticut farmer. Long ago it was demonstrated that a most excellent article of tea could be produced in South Carolina - much better than the average tea we import; but no tax was levied on tea to protect the South Carolina grower. Lew us be uncharitable. Sometimes it is the only road to the truth. If tea had been grown in Connecticut and Sumatra wrappers in South Carolina, there would be a big tax on tea in the Dingley law and Sumatra wrappers would be on the free list. Now, this is not attempt to arouse sectional or racial animosity. It is merely an expedition in search of a certain "square deal," of which mention has been made. ---- I do not think Theodore Roosevelt believes in taxation that benefits one class and oppresses another, He is a square man, and if he shall show that his wisdom is as great as his heart is sound, he will appear in history as a very great man. He wants to make a square deal, but if is the hardest thing in the political world to do, however honest and however wise the dealer. There is a majority in both Houses of Congress who do not intend that there shall be a square deal. When the late Gen. Buell, pension agent at Louisville during Cleveland's first term, was asked to contribute to the fund Kentucky Democrats triennially sent to the brethren in Indiana, his answer was: "I consider such a thing as that disreputable." That is what the standpatters think about tariff revision. We know what Mr. Cleveland did with such a contingent in his party in 1893 - he came down on them with the force and effect of a trip-hammer. So far, no President has descended on the standpatters as gently and as harmlessly as a bed quilt on a pallet. But Roosevelt is what Cleveland was not - more of a politician than a statesman. It is said that the President has notified the Republican machines at the South that their accounts are overdrawn, and that he intends to dishonor their further drafts. That is excellent - that is admirable. That is the square deal. Let him demolish those combinations, and he will stand a chance to get some respectability into his party South. Then let the South invite Northern farmers would have been appointed collector of the port of Boston, whatever his race or whatever his history. Everybody knows that. So it will be observed that if the South is to have a square deal the President must deal from the top of the pack all the time, whether the hand be for the North or the South. Nothing that Mr. Roosevelt can do is going to dissipate and eradicate race prejudice. He will as soon and as easily repeal or nullify the law of gravitation as he will uproot caste from the human composition. Let the President deal to Illinois the hand he has dealt to South Carolina. He says "the door of hope" must stand open. Very well. Fling her open. Appoint a few of Senator Hopkins' negro constituents to post-offices and things in Illinois. There is opportunity for the square deal, and there "the door of hope" is closed. I doubt if there is a single negro postmaster north of Mason and Dixon's line. I mention Senator Hopkins because he is committed to it. It will readily be recalled that the Senator expressed an indignation that would not be placated, and was possessed of a sorrow that would not be comforted, because the State of Mississippi refused to send negroes to the United States Senate to help him deliberate in the most dignified political body in the world, and lend their wisdom to aid him in solonizing for the most enlightened, the most opulent, and the most puissant people in the world. What do you suppose was the occasion of this sample of transcendentalism on the part of the Hon. Hopkins? Why, they had mobbed a squad a negroes in Illinois for the offense of laboring for their daily bread, and this successor of Stephen A. Douglas had a vague sort of instinct that the outrage would be condoned, mayhap excused, possibly forgotten, if he should call attention to the fact that, while negroes were encouraged to work in Mississippi, they were not allowed to make the laws for Mississippians. I hope the President will give Senator Hopkins a dose of his own philosophy. The best way in the world to compose the race question is for educated negroes at the South to move North and for industrious white American-born farmers at the North to seek homes down South. But about that square deal: There is an economic phase as well as a racial. Some years ago it was developed that a tobacco wrapper equal to that of Sumatra could be grown in Connecticut. What did they do? They put a tariff of $2 a pound on Sumatra wrappers to "protect" the Connecticut farmer. Long ago it was demonstrated that a most excellent article of tea could be produced in South Carolina -- much better than the average tea we import; but no tax was levied on tea to protect the South Carolina grower. Let us be uncharitable. Sometimes it is the only road to the truth. If tea had been grown in Connecticut and Sumatra wrappers in South Carolina, there would be a big tax on tea in the Dingley law and Sumatra wrappers would be on the free list. Now, have I warrant for that statement? Let us look. The farmer growing wheat in Dakota has free binding twine for the purposes of garnering his grain; the planter growing cotton in Georgia must use taxed cotton ties to prepare his crop for market. The wheat grower of Dakota is a Northern man and a Republican; the cotton planter of Georgia is a Southern man and a Democrat. Let us persist in uncharity. If Dakota grew cotton and Georgia wheat, binding twine would be taxed and cotton ties free. Now, this is no attempt to arouse sectional or racial animosity. It is merely an expedition in search of a certain "square deal," of which mention has been made. I do not think Theodore Roosevelt believes in taxation that benefits one class and oppresses another. He is a square man, and if he shall show that his wisdom is as great as his heart is sound, he will appear in history as a very great man. He wants to make a square deal, but it is the hardest thing in the political world to do, however honest and however wise the dealer. There is a majority in both Houses of Congress who do not intend that there shall be a square deal. When the late Gen. Buell, pension agent at Louisville during Cleveland's first term, was asked to contribute to the fund Kentucky Democrats triennially sent to the brethren in Indiana, his answer was: "I consider such a thing as that disreputable." That is what the standpatters think about tariff revision. We know what Mr. Cleveland did with such a contingent in his party in 1893-- he came down on them with the force and effect of a trip-hammer. So far, no President has descended on the standpatters as gently and as harmlessly as a bed quilt on a pallet. But Roosevelt is what Cleveland was not--more of a politician than a statesman. It is said that the President has notified the Republican machines at the South that their accounts are overdrawn, and that he intends to dishonor their further drafts. That is excellent--that is admirable. That is the square deal. Let him demolish those combinations, and he will stand a chance to get some respectability into his party South. Then let the South invite Northern farmers, their sons and daughters, to make homes in the South, and be friends with, and find husbands and wives among, the sons and daughters of Southern farmers--let that be consummated--and the Southern question will be solved, and soon there will be a sure-enough Republican party at the South, and the G. O. P. will become what it has never yet been--a national party. Significant Omission. From the New York Tribune. Russia's omission of war appropriations from her budget may mean one of two things--either that she expects the war to end at once or that she means to keep her military finances secret. The latter explanation is several hundred percent the more probable. CRITICISES ROOSEVELT. "Not More Children, but Better Ones" Needed, Mrs. Neff Repeats. Special to The Washington Post. Indianapolis, March 18.-Mrs. Flora T. Neff, president of the Cass County W.C. T.U., and wife of Dr. J. N. Neff, a prominent physician, takes strong exceptions to the views expressed by President Roosevelt in his address before the National Congress of Mothers in Washington Monday evening when he so severely criticised childless wives. Mrs. Neff thinks the President is out of his sphere when he essays to dictate the duties of womanhood. "So long as the duties of fatherhood rest so lightly upon the shoulders of American men," says Mrs. Neff, "so long as they sanction the murder of one-fifth of our boys by the rum traffic and license other mills of death for the slaughter annually of tens of thousands of daughters; so long as they refuse to clean up this country morally (for it is within their power to do so), just so long will the thoughtful women righteously fear to assume the grave responsibilities of maternity. "When man ceases to dwarf himself on tobacco and other malignant vices; when medical authorities can safely declare even a reasonable percentage of his sex worthy to become fathers; when he becomes chivalric enough to admit the justice and necessity of 'a white life for two' for the rearing of healthy and happy children, such as the President desires; when he learns the economy of spending more money for bread than for abomination, then will woman adoringly arise and call him her blessed protector and will cheerfully and contentedly minister unto him, his children, and his children's children forever more. "'Not more children, but better ones,' comes from the pen of Mrs. Mary A. Livermore. Suffice it to say that while the chairman and the layman continue to use their most potent weapon, the ballot, only for self-aggrandizement rather than as a cleanser of morals and for the protection of the home and fireside, let us repeat, 'Not more children, but better ones.'" FOUR YEARS FOR CORDOVA. and, after a short conflict, in which stones and clubs were freely used, Bonomasch and Ungo and several of the strikers were captured. The trouble was quelled, and the strikers were told to go back to their work, which, with some reluctance, they did. Several efforts were made at the station-house to put up collateral for the prisoners, but it was refused, as further trouble was feared, should they be released. LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT. Felicitations on Anniversary of Senator Platt, of Connecticut. A dinner was to have been given to Senator O. H. Platt, of Connecticut, last night, by Charles Henry Butler, on the occasion of the twenty-sixth anniversary of Mr. Platt's entrance into the Senate. Owing to Gen. Hawley's death, the invitations, at the suggestion of Senator Platt, were recalled. Mr. Butler had received the following letter, which was to have been read at the dinner: White House, March 18, 1905. My Dear Mr. Butler: May I, through you, extend my heartiest greetings to the guest of the evening, Senator O. H. Platt. It is difficult to say what I really think of Senator Platt without seeming to use extravagant expression. I do not know a man in public life who is more loved and honored, or who has done more substantial and disinterested service to the country. It makes one feel really proud, as an American, to have such a man occupying such a place in the councils of the nation. As for me personally, I have now been associated with him intimately during four sessions of Congress, and I cannot overstate my obligations to him, not only for what he has done by speech and vote, but because it gives me heart and strength to see and consult with so fearless, high-minded, practicable, and far-sighted a public servant. Wishing you a most pleasant evening, believe me, sincerely yours, THEODORE ROOSEVELT. Letters also had been received from the Vice President, the Chief Justice of the United States, the Secretary of State, former Secretary Root, and others, tendering Mr. Platt their congratulations and expressions of esteem. Mr. Boynton Convalescing. Mr. Charles A. Boynton, superintendent of the Southern division of the Associated Press and manager of the Washington office, who has been quite ill for some days at his home, 1357 Princeton street, is now much improved. He gained steadily all the past week, and will doubtless be out Speeches and [?] by noted men. -627- 601. Gov. Boutwells latest blast. 602. Gomper's labor talk 603. Deplored Lynch law 604. Parkhurst on Race Issue. [*THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS*] THE EVENING STAR. WASHINGTON FRIDAY January 2, 1903. CROSBY S. NOYES Editor THE EVENING STAR has a regular and permanent Family Circulation much more than the combined circulation of the other Washington dailies. As a News and Advertising Medium it has no competitor. In order to avoid delays on account of personal absence, letters to THE STAR should not be addressed to any individual connected with the office, but simply to THE STAR, or to the Editorial or Business Departments, according to tenor or purpose. Gov. Boutwell's Latest Blast. Gov. Boutwell's latest suggestion for overturning what he calls imperialism in the United States has at least novelty to recommend it. He appeals to the negroes to throw themselves solidly against the policy, and assures them that by so doing they may hope to serve the cause of freedom both at home here and in the Philippine Islands. The appeal is of course to only a few thousand of the ten million negroes who live in this country. The great mass of those people could not respond to the appeal if they so desired. They have no voice in political affairs. The ballot-box is not open to them. The Constitution of the United States, it is true, opened it, but an authority higher, it seems, than that has to turn the scale there, and these are the ones whom Gov. Boutwell adjures to be up and doing in the cause of freedom. In order to accomplish this purpose these people are to sever their present affiliations and ally themselves with men like Gov. Boutwell, who, although their friends in the days of slavery and advocates of their freedom, have made no protest since against their exclusion from their civil rights, and men like Senator Tillman, who have stripped so large a portion of the race of those rights, who glory in that work , and who if they could would bar the negroes from the polls in the north as in the south. That is to say, the few negroes in this country to whom the Constitution is permitted to mean something are to join hands with those who have nullified the instrument in its relation to them, and give it expression in its full majesty in the Philippine Islands! It is to laugh. Gov. Boutwell mistakes the temper both of the negroes and of his southern allies. He will find that men like Mr. Tillman have no stomach for his proposition. Willing as they are to avail themselves of the aid of the negroes in the northern states in the effort to control this country, they would never permit the fruits of such a victory to redound to the benefit politically of the race where the race is numerous. They are fervent advocates of full and immediate freedom for Asiatics whose idea of freedom is license and anarchy, but severe deniers of it to men born and reared in the United States and associated with its material progress and military achievements. The walls of Faneuil Hall have echoed to some remarkable sentiments, but none quite so remarkable as those of Gov. Boutwell calling upon the negroes of the United States to assist Mr. Tillman and his friends to spread liberty throughout the Philippine [*610*] The New York Press Daily Edition New York, Tuesday, February 14, 1905. Entered at the Post Office at New York as second class mail matter. Published by the New York Press Company (Limited). 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Brooklyn Office......... 303,305, and 307 Washington street Washington Office..................................1403 F street, N.W. Chicago office................................ 1002-4 Tribune Building London office............ 5 Henrietta st., Covent Garden, W.C. TELEPHONE CALLS. Editorial rooms............................................ 4500 John Sunday editor.............................................. 4501 John Advertising Manager................................. 4501 John Business Office............................................ 4502 John Brooklyn office............................................ 1100 Main THE NEW YORK PRESS HAS THE LARGEST REPUBLICAN CIRCULATION BY MANY THOUSANDS OF COPIES A DAY. [*610*] Roosevelt's Lincoln Address. In his address at the Lincoln dinner of the Republican Club last evening President Roosevelt gave no new message from his conscience and purpose to the American people. If there was less than his usual challenge in his note on the negro question, to which he devoted his speech, this was due, perhaps, to the fact that he has come to sympathize or to express his sympathy with the South, which has its greatest problem in the solution of this negro question and which certainly has shown only the slightest capacity to solve it. While Mr. Roosevelt expresses that sympathy and even admiration for the South, however, he does not fail to warn the white men there that they have not made the distinction which they must make between civil privileges and social intercourse. The white men of the South have made the mistake of supposing that the white men of the North maintain that there should be no barriers whatsoever between the races of the South. The white men of the North say and believe nothing of the kind. They know perfectly well that here in the North each race, each class, chooses its social associates as it will. Each is free to do so. No one questions that each must be governed, in respect of this social intercourse, only by the inclination of each. The North does not see any possible relation between social intercourse and civil privileges either here or in the South. Whether a black man ought to be received in the home or even in the business office of a white man is not the question at all. Nor is it as to whether the black man is as good as the white man. The question which concerns the Nation is the civil rights of every citizen of this country under our form of government and its established principles wherever law and justice are upheld. Fortunately in making this plea to the South President Roosevelt is able to quote the opinion of Bishop Strange of North Carolina in support of his position. We say fortunately because, though his position recommends itself by virtue of its own truth to all others than those of the South, and though no one, perhaps not even the white men in the Black Belt, can question both the soundness and the justice of those principles, on this question of the black man and his right to vote, his right to exercise all his civil privileges, the South is not wont to listen to any voice of the North. But until the South is willing to accept these principles and to make this discrimination between civil privileges and social intercourse, it will never solve its problem of the negro and it will never regain the political estate which it once possessed and administered so brilliantly in the Nation. 10 FACTS ABOUT NEGROES Truth of Charges is More Apparent Than Real. ANALYZING FIGURES STATEMENTS ESTABLISHED BY THE CENSUS BUREAU [*626*] Southern plantations Not Being Deserted by the Colored Race—City Population is Not Idle. By WILLAIM E. CURTIS Written for The Star and the Chicago Record-Herald. We are all apt to say and hear more about the faults of our fellow-men than about their virtues. It is a universal rule to overlook the good that people do and condemn the evil. A scandal is repeated fifty times where a compliment is repeated twice. These remarks apply particularly to the attitude of the whites toward the colored population of the south. The almost unanimous testimony of the white population is that the colored people are deteriorating physically, morally, industrially and in every other respect, and that only about one increased 329,362 and the country population increased 933,090. Nor is it true, taking the south all together, that the negroes are leaving the plantations, although you hear that complaint everywhere. I have mentioned it repeatedly in this series of letters, and it must be true in certain localities. Otherwise the planters would not be sending to Mexico, to the Italian colonies of the cities and to the white mountain settlements fo[?] labor. But at the same time, the cens[?] returns show that while the increase of t?? colored population was only 17.2 per cent including more colored men were employed upon plantations in the southern states in (?) than in 1890,, and that the number of negroes cultivating farms on their own account increased 31.1 per cent. It should be considered that while the increase in agricultural laborers and farmers refers to adult men only, all ages and sexes are included in the increase of population. Negroes in the City. The census returns also contradict the general impression that the city population are lazy and waste their time in idleness. I have heard the bestfriends of the [?] lament this fact and have seen evidence of it in various cities - almost everywhere and doubtless it is true to a large extent. But the census reports show that the ground for such complaint is more apparent than actual. You see crowds of negro loafers on the streets everywhere in the south; they are always hanging about the railway stations; but perhaps we might [?] remember that we have little opportunity seeing the industrious portion of the population, while the idle ones are always evidence. The census returns show a slight gain in the percentage of negroes in the south engaged in gainful occupations, and it is significant that the increase is much more rapid than among the whites of that [?]. The number of white breadwinners per 1,000 of population in the south increased but 20 in ten years, while the number of negroes increased 45. Twenty-seven occupations are given. There was a falling only in the number of negro carpenters, joiners, blacksmiths, housekeepers and stewards. It should be said that there was a decrease in the number of white carpenters and joiners also. As I stated before, the increase of 17.2 per cent in negro population embraces all ages and both sexes, which fact should be taken into consideration in connection with the statistics showing the increase in the various occupations, because the latter represent only adult men. The increase in the number of draymen and hackmen from 1890 to 1900 was 50 per cent; steam railroad employees, 16 per cent; miners and quarrymen 118 per cent; iron and steel workers, 97 per cent; engineers and firemen, 65 per cent; porters and helpers in stores, 48 per cent; bricklayers and masons, 14 per cent, and ordinary laborers, 60.2 per cent. There was a remarkably small increase in the number of negro barbers -only 14.1 per cent - while in the same period the number of white barbers increased 64 per cent. Illiteracy Decreasing. The number of teachers and college professors of the negro race in the south shows an increase of 44.1 per cent over the previous census, while the number of clergymen increased 26.4 per cent. The number of white teachers increased 27.7 per cent and the number of white clergymen 20.9 per cent. The percentage of illiterates among the negroes is slowly decreasing and fell from 57.1 of the population in 1890 to 44.5 per cent in 1900, which may be attributed to the expansion of the public school system. At the same time the percentage of white illiterates dropped from 29.9 in 1890 to 23.2 per cent in 1900. This indicates that a greater improvement has taken place among the colored people than among the whites. The greatest improvement has taken place in Kentucky, where the number of the colored people who cannot read nor write decreased 15.8 per cent in ten years; Georgia comes second, then Texas, Virginia, Florida and North Carolina in order. The least improvement is shown in Arkansas, where [?] per cent more of the colored people could read and white in 1900 than in 1890. Louis- [next page] in three negroes is improving his material condition and doing credit to himself. Visitors to the south are told that the negro race is losing its vitality and physical vigor; that both men and women are afflicted with loathsome diseases, and that they are becoming degenerate and the race is slowly dying out. Planters tell shocking tales of the vices and depravity of their hands, which indicate that the negroes are relapsing into barbarism, as they have done in certain parts of Haiti and Santo Domingo. While the ratio of increase among the colored people has not been as rapid as it was before the war, or as rapid as among the whites, nevertheless, during the last twenty years it has been 33.1 per cent, which is healthful and normal. This ratio would have been much larger but for the excessive mortality among infants in the larger cities, owing to neglect, improper food and defective sanitary conditions. Among adult negroes the number that live to an advanced age is very large. For example, 5,293 were reported in the last census as between ninety and ninety-four years of age, 2,439 between ninety-five and ninety-nine years and 2,553 as 100 years of age and over. The vital statistics show that the average age at death is quite as high as it ever has been. In 1900 it was 19.4 years, while that of the whites was 21.4 years. This is an improvement of 1.4 per cent among the negroes during the last ten years, which may be accounted for by a diminished mortality among children. These statistics are taken from Bulletin No. 8 of the census bureau, published about a year ago, which relates to the negro race exclusively. It is a compilation of facts and figures returned by the enumerators of the twelfth census, prepared by Mr. W. C. Hunt, chief statistician; Prof. W.F. Wilcox of Cornell University, Prof. W.E. B. DuBois of Atlanta University and other experts of the census office. The information was obtained by white enumerators, three-fourths of whom were democrats, and thus may be considered impartial. This volume is of especial importance and significance, because it upsets several popular theories and contradicts statements habitually made by the highest authorities in the south concerning the condition of the negro race. Southern Negro Population. The following table shows the number of negroes in each of the southern states and their percentage of the total population: Negroes P'ctage. Mississippi, 907,630 58.5 South Carolina 782,321 58.4 Louisiana 650,804 47.1 Georgia 1,034,813 46.7 Alabama 827,307 45.2 Virginia 660,722 North Carolina 624,469 33.0 District of Columbia 86,762 31.1 Arkansas 366,856 28.0 Tennessee 480,243 23.8 Texas 620,722 20.4 Maryland 235,064 19.8 Delaware 30,697 16.6 Kentucky 284,706 13.3 Washington has the largest negro population of any city in the country - 86,702 - and the other cities named have more than 20,000 negro populations: Washington 86,702 Baltimore 79,258 New Orleans 77,714 Philadelphia 62,613 New York 60,666 Memphis 49,910 Louisville 39,139 Atlanta 35,727 St. Louis 35,516 Richmond 32,230 Charleston 31,522 Chicago 30,150 Nashville 30,044 Savannah 28,090 Norfolk 20,230 There are seventy-two cities in the country in which negroes constitute more than half the population, and one (Beaufort, S. C.) has 78.3 per cent of blacks. The largest proportion of negroes is found in Washington and Laflore counties, Miss.; Phillips and Jefferson counties, Ark., and some of the Louisiana parishes. Not Leaving the Country. It is the almost universal belief throughout the south that the negroes are deserting the plantations and flocking to the cities, where they live lives of idleness and vice and many of them drift into crime. This may be so in spots, but taking the entire southern states together the returns of the census enumerators do not justify such a statement. It is true that the negro population is increasing most rapidly in the larger cities, both north and south, and that the most rapid increase is found in the north. But there has been no falling off in the population of the country districts. On the contrary, there was an increase of 13.7 per cent in the negro population in the rural districts from 1890 to 1900, while that of the white rural population was only 12.4 per cent. The increase of the colored population in the cities during the same time was 35.2 per cent; and that of the whites 35.7 per cent; so that it maybe said that the white people are drifting from the country to the cities more rapidly than the negroes. In 1900, 17.0 per cent of the colored population, or 1,336,796, lived in cities, and 6,558,173, or 83.0 per cent, lived in the country. During the ten years from 1890 to 1900 the negro population of cities [?] Alabama, Mississippi and South Carolina show very little gain. One often hears that educated negroes are worthless; that there is no room in the south for colored lawyers, doctors, teachers and preachers. Yet you are told by the same people that the reason there are so few colored schools is because it is impossible to get teachers for them, and that the greatest curse of the colored race is the ignorance and immortality of their preachers. This will be admitted, reluctantly, perhaps, by the best-informed colored leaders. Every white man will tell you that the greatest need of the negro population is an educated clergy of good character and high principles. But neither the educated teachers nor the educated preachers that are needed so badly can be obtained without the educational institutions that are objected to by the white people. There is no other source of supply. Yet good men - generous, charitable, intelligent white men - deplore the ignorance of the teachers and preachers in one breath and condemn "educated niggers" in the next. Too Apt to Be Vain. The reason for this inconsistency is painfully apparent. An educated negro is too apt to be vain of his accomplishments, and to assert himself in an offensive manner. He is not always content to cultivate "modest worth." Too many of them assume airs and cultivate vanities that destroy confidence and lessen the respect they might otherwise command. During my limited travels I have found a number of modest, unassuming, hard-working, earnest colored preachers, teachers, doctor, lawyers, druggists and other educated men who would be a credit to any community, and have earned the respect and the confidence of a public that is naturally prejudiced against them. I have endeavored to look up the graduates of Howard University, I was furnished a list of them with their addresses by President Gordon of that institution, and although they are few in number compared with the millions of the race they represent, I have found one or two or three in every city who are living useful lives, bearing good reputations and demonstrating that there is a place in the south for educated colored men. Not all of them, however, have been successful; but I do not think the percentage of failures among the graduates of Howard University is any higher - it is probably not so high - as among the alumni of our white colleges and universities. I have noticed in inquiring, that those who have [?] have almost invariably gone into politics, have sought office, have neglected their business for political engagements and have been mixed up in bad company. A colored man who keeps a prosperous drug store in one of the larger cities of the south, and who has a large white patronage, told of seven or eight college graduates in that city who have succeeded in mercantile or professional occupations, are making good incomes, saving their money and exercising a wholesome influence, I was also told of three or four men who are not doing so well. In each instance my informant attributed their failure to political aspirations, and remarked: "It is easy enough for a colored man to win the respect of white people and make a good living, so long as he keeps out of politics, minds his own business and follows the advice of Booker Washington: to work hard, save our money and acquire property." Prof. Washington, Prof. Councill and other leaders of the negro race are continually impressing these facts upon their people, urging them to avoid politics and to build up a reputation for ability and integrity before aspiring to honors or office. They realize the weaknesses of their people; and if the whites are sincere in their desire for an improvement of the colored race they will encourage and assist them in their labors. Charged with Murder. A continuance until Monday was granted at Richmond, Va., Friday in the hearing of Mrs. Shepperd K. Smith in the Manchester mayor's court, on the charge of causing the death of her five-year-old son Ralph by beating him to death. The woman alleges that she she beat the child in order to correct him of vicious habits. She was charged with murder in the first degree, and her husband, who left the city the morning of the death of the child, but before his death, is charged with being an accessory. The body of the child was buried yesterday after an autopsy. It was terribly bruised and cut from many beatings. The woman is from New York. Her mother, Mrs. Charles Townsend, is expected here tonight. Mrs. Smith was committed without bail. THE WASHINGTON POST, TUESDAY, MARCH 14, 1905 OPPOSED TO NEGRO EXODUS. Baptist Lyceum Debaters Decide Against Rev. Babbitt's Proposition. At the regular meeting of the Second Baptist Church Lyceum, Sunday night, Rev. Dr. Dean Richmond Babbitt's advice, given in a recent address here, that "The Negro Should Voluntarily Leave the South," was the subject for discussion, and created a very lively argument, the final decision being against his advice. The subject was ably discussed pro and con by the following persons: In the affirmative, Messrs. Rhea and Williamson, and in the negative by Messrs. Matthews, Wilson, Davenport, and Smith. After the regular debaters had closed, a general discussion of the subject was had. Travis Glascoe made a telling argument against the negro leaving the South, in which he said that Rev. Dean Babbitt, a high member of the Episcopal Church for forty years, had been greatly deceived by people of the colored race - pretentious leaders who have ulterior motives in view. The speaker said that if Dr. Babbitt will send an acceptable witness with him through the South, he will show why the negro does not want to leave, and why he should not leave the South. He added that if Rev. Babbitt and other Northern friends of the negro knew the true relationship between the races in the South he would not advocate the exodus he proposes. PRESIDENT'S SCORN Continued from First Page. gling wives among those whom Abraham Lincoln called the plain people, and whom he so loved and trusted; for the lives of these women are often led on the lonely heights of quiet, self-sacrificing heroism. "Just as the happiest and most honorable and most useful task that can be set any man is to earn enough for the support of his wife and family, for the bringing up and starting in life of his children, so the most important, the most honorable and desirable task which can be set any woman is to be a good and wise mother in a home marked by self-respect and mutual forbearance, by willingness to perform duty, and by refusal to sink into self-indulgence or avoid that which entails effort and self-sacrifice. Of course there are exceptional men and exceptional women who can do and ought to do much more than this, who can lead and ought to lead great careers of outside usefulness in addition to - not as substitutes for -their home work; but I am not speaking of exceptions; I am speaking of the primary duties, I am speaking of the average citizens, the average men and women who make up the nation. No Easy Life for Mothers "Inasmuch as I am speaking to an assemblage of mothers I shall have nothing whatever to say in praise of any easy life. Yours is the work which is never ended. No mother has an easy time, and most mothers have very hard times, and yet what true mother would barter her experience of joy and sorrow in exchange for a life of cold selfishness, which insists upon perpetual amusement and the avoidance of care, and which often finds its [?] dwelling place in some flat designed [? cut off] [cut off] ture of effort the maximum of comfort and of luxury, but which there is literally no place for children? "The woman who is a good wife, a good mother, is entitled to our respect as is [?] one else; but she is entitled to it [?] because, and so long as, she is worth of it. Effort and self-sacrifice are the law of worthy life for the man as for the woman; though neither the effort nor the self-sacrifice may be the same for the one as for the other. I do not in the least believe in the patient Griselda type of woman, in the woman who submits to [?] and long-continued ill treatment, any more that I believe in a man who tamely submits to wrongful aggression. No wrongdoing is so abhorrent as wrong doing by a man toward the wife and their children who should arouse every tender feeling in his nature. Selfishness toward them, the lack of tenderness toward them, lack of consideration for them, above all brutality in any form toward them should arouse the heartiest scorn and indignation in every upright soul. Marriage a Partnership "I believe in the woman's keeping her self-respect just as I believe in the man doing so. I believe in her rights just as much as I believe in the man's, and [?] a little more; and I regard marriage [?] a partnership, in which each partner in honor bound to think of the rights of the other as well as of his or her own. But I think that the duties are even more important than the rights; and in the long run I think that the reward [?] ampler and greater for duty well [?] than for the insistence upon individual rights, necessary though this, too, [?] often be. Your duty is hard, your responsibility great, but greatest of all your reward. I do not pity you in [?] least. On the contrary, I feel[?] and admiration for you. "Into the woman's keeping is [?] the destiny of the generations [?] come after us. In bringing up your children you mothers must remember that while it is essential to be loving and tender, it is no less essential to be wise [?] firm. Foolishness and affection must be treated as interchangeable terms [?] besides training your sons and daughters in the softer and milder virtues you must seek to give them those stern [?] hardy qualities which in after life [?] will surely need. Some children [?] wrong in spite of the best training [?] some will go right even when their surroundings are most unfortunate, nevertheless an immense amount depends [?] the family training. If you [?] through weakness bring up your sons [?] be selfish and to think only of themselves, you will be responsible for much sadness among the women who are [?] their wives in the future. If you let your daughters grow up idle, perhaps [?] the mistaken impression that as [?] yourselves have had to work hard [?] shall know only enjoyment, you are preparing them to be useless to others [?] burdens to themselves. Teach boys [?] girls alike that they are not to look forward to lives spent in avoiding difficulties but to lives spent in overcoming difficulties. Teach them that work, for themselves and also for others, is not a cure but a blessing; seek to make them happy, to make them enjoy life, but [?] also to make them face life, with [?] steadfast resolution to wrest success from labor and adversity, and to do this whole duty before God and to man. Su CANNON PRAISES JAPS Says They Deserve to Win and to Have a Counry. ADDRESS AT CORPS BANQUET Mikado's Men and Nation Landed by Speaker of the House at Army Association's Thirteenth Annual Dinner. Other Great Nations in the World, Too, He Says--Russia Not Mentioned. "We believe that they deserve to win and have a country," said Speaker Cannon last night, in praising "that wonderful Japanese nation" for the bravery and determination now being displayed on the battlefield, "and it seems that they are going to live," he concluded amid the tumultuous applause or a noted gather ng in which he was the central figure and an honored guest. The occasion was the thirteenth annual banquet of the Second Army Corps Association at the Shoreham, and more than 100 veterans w present. Another guest was the first se the Japanese Legation, Mr. F the complime that the Strenuous Qualities Should Be Developed in Boys--Destiny of the Generations in Her Keeping--Unpleasant Tendencies in American Life Today --High Mission of World's Mothers. "There are many good people who are denied the supreme blessing of children, and for these we have the respect and sympathy always due to those who, from the other great blessings of life. But the man or woman who deliberately forgoes these blessings, whether from viciousness, coldness, shallow-heartedness, self-indulgence, or mere failure to appreciate aright the difference between the all-important and the unimportant--why, such a creature merits contempt as hearty as any visited upon the soldier who runs away in battle, or upon the man who refuses to work for the support of those dependent upon him, and who, though ablebodied, is yet content to eat in idleness the bread which others provide." This was one of many striking and emphatic declarations by President Roosevelt in his address to the Mothers' Congress last night. He spoke earnestly of the duties of parents and of the ideal home life. He reiterated forcibly his anti-race suicide doctrine, and assailed vigorously the modern tendency toward ease and luxury at the expense of the nation's progress and welfare. The President read his speech from manuscript, but frequently interpolated some extemporaneous thought that brought enthusiastic demonstrations of approval from the assembled mothers. He said: Foundation of Citizenship. "In our modern industrial civilization there are man and grave dangers to counterbalance the splendors and the triumphs. It is not a good thing to see cities grow at disproportionate speed relatively to the country; for the small land owners, the men who own their little homes, and therefore to a very large extent the men who till farms, the men of the soil, have hitherto made the foundation of lasting national life in every State; and, if the foundation becomes either too weak or too narrow, the superstructure, no matter how attractive, is in imminent danger of falling. "But far more important than the question of the occupation of our citizens is the question of how their family life is conducted. No matter what that occupation may be, as long as there is a real home and as long as those who make up that home do their duty to one another, to their neighbors and to the State, it is of minor consequence whether the man's trade is piled in the country or the city, whether it calls for the work of the hands or for the work of the head. "But the nation is in a bad way if there is no real home, if the family is not of the right kind; if the man is not a good husband and father, if he is brutal or cowardly or selfish, if the woman has lost her sense of duty, if she is sunk in vapid self-indulgence or has let her nature be twisted so that she prefers a sterile pseudo-intellectuality to that great and beautiful development of character which comes only to those whose lives know the fullness of duty done, or effort made and self-sacrifice undergone. "In the last analysis the welfare of the State depends absolutely upon whether or not the average family, the average man and woman and their children, represent the kind of citizenship fit for the foundation of a great nation; and if we fail to appreciate this we fail to appreciate the root morality upon which all healthy civilization is based. Average Man and Woman. "No piled-up wealth, no splendor of material growth, no brilliance of artistic development, will permanently avail any people unless its home life is healthy, unless the average man possesses honesty, courage, common sense, and decency, unless he works hard and is willing at need to fight hard; and unless the average woman is a good wife, a good mother, able and willing to perform the first and greatest duty of womanhood, able and willing to bear, and to bring up as they should be brought up, healthy children, sound in body, mind, and character, and numerous enough so that the race shall increase and not decrease. "There are certain old truths which will be true as long as this world endures, and which no amount of progress can alter. One of these is the truth that the primary duty of the husband is to be the home maker, the bread-winner for his wife and children, and that the primary duty of the woman is to be the helpmeet, the housewife, and mother. The woman should have ample educational advantages; but save in exceptional cases the man must be, and she need not be, and generally ought not to be, trained for a lifelong career as the family breadwinner; and, therefore, after a certain point the training of the two must normally be different because the duties of the two are normally different. This does not mean inequality of function, but it does mean that normally there must be dissimilarity of function. On the whole, I think the duty of the woman the more important, the more difficult, and the more honorable of the two; on the whole I respect the woman who does her duty even more than I respect the man who does his. "No ordinary work done by a man is either as hard or as responsible as the work of a woman who is bringing up a family of small children; for upon her time and strength demands are made not only every hour of the day, but often every hour of the night. She may have to get up night after night to take care of a sick child, and yet must by day continue to do all her household duties as well; and if the family means are scant sho must usually enjoy even her rare holidays taking her whole brood of children with her. The birth pangs make all men the debtors of all women. Above all our sympathy and regard are due to the strug- CONTINUED ON FIFTH PAGE. $48.25 to California March 1 to May 15. Through sleeper without change; personally conducted; via Southern Ry. and So. Pacific. Berth, $8.50. A. J. Poston, Gen. Agt., 511 Pa. ave.; 705 15th. URST ON RACE ISSUE. Physical Difference is an Insurmountable Barrier. Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, in a recent interview in New York, discussed the negro problem and the national type of the American of the future. "Since my return from the south," he said, "I have been informed that some of my critics have accused me of expressing regrets that slavery days are over. That is not true. I have merely said that most of the 'niggers' are unfit for the responsibilities of citizenship. I call them 'niggers' because that is what they call themselves and because the word has been accepted among educated people in the south. I did not go down into the southland to win popularity by expressing views concerning the race problem such as southerners approve. On the contrary, I told them nothing more than I have told the members of my own congregation more than once. "It is a serious problem to see two races multiplying and gaining in numbers and strength side by side in this great land of ours. It is a most solemn problem, one that saddens a thoughtful man when he ponders over it. "The 'niggers' will never be assimilated by the nation. They never, never will contribute, in any part, toward forming the national type of the American of the future. They grow blacker and blacker every day. Their color forms a physical barrier which even time, the great leveler, cannot sweep away. "Persons who talk of assimilation in connection with the race problem do not understand what they speak of. Future generations of our race will be very much as we are. The physical barrier that separates the blacks from the whites today will be just as broad and as high throughout all the centuries to come. "It is different when there is only an intelectual barrier among men. For instance, I sincerely believe that the Jews will contribute in no small part toward forming the typical future American. That is because there is no physical barrier between us. The only thing that holds us apart is a matter of religion, which is not insurmountable. "Indeed, assimilation was progressing very rapidly up to the time of the recent heavy immigration of Jews to this country from Russia. Of course, we may now expect to see the complete mixing of Jews with Gentiles retarded for some generations, but it has not been stopped. In the ages to come they will all form one undi- ided people, one race type." [*618*] 1905. ORDERED BY VARDAMAN. [*Mar 10 - 1905*] He Seeks to Reduce Crime by Enforcing Law Against Vagrants. Jackson, Miss., March 9.--Gov. Vardaman to-day issued a strong address to the peace officers of the State, declaring that the situation in Mississippi is becoming critical, that crime is rampant in all quarters of the commonwealth, and urging officers at once to begin a crusade to clean out the dives and haunts of criminals. Gov. Vardaman said in part: "I want the negro protected in his enjoyment of life, liberty, and the product of his labor and the pursuit of happiness. I want the mob spirit discouraged in every way, and the only way to do it is to enforce vigorously the law against vagrants particularly and all criminals of both races. If this shall be done, I feel safe in saying that crime among negroes in Mississippi during this year will decrease 75 per cent." He declared that most of the crime by negroes against white women has been due to the neglect of duty by the peace officers of the State. He asserted that he has yet to hear of the crime against women being committed by a negro who makes his living by honest toil. THE WASHINGTON POST: MONDAY, JAN PLE ON VARIOUS TOP "EDUCATION AND CRIME," [*633*] Roscoe Conkling Bruce's Deductions from Public School Statistics. Editor Post: From my good and wise friend, Prof. Kelly Miller, of Howard University, I received in this morning's mall the editorial, "Education and Crime," clipped from The Post of January 17, and with this clipping came the pithy message, I commiserate with you." Your editorial comments upon two articles of mine which have recently appeared in the Southern Workman, "Some Effects of the Negro's Poverty," in the November Issue, and "A Plea for Negro Trade Schools in Cities," in the December issue. For my inquiry I selected two cities, "each of which may be considered socially Northern; in each of which data have been collected with care, and on the whole not distorted by prejudice." I mean Philadelphia and St. Louis. In 1896, under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania, Prof. W. E. B. Du Bois began his studies of the Philadelphia negro and in 1899 published his book. In 1903 Miss Lillian Brandt published in the journal of the American Statistical Association a less detailed study, "The Negroes of St. Louis." The disinterestedness of scientific investigation characterizes both these studies. The statistics displaying the poverty, the criminality, and the mortality of the negro populations of these cities; I drew directly from these authoritative sources; and in many cases I accepted the investigator's interpretative comment verbatim, or almost verbatim. By means of these statistics I attempted to demonstrate that the "poverty of the negro is the fundamental cause of his excessive criminality and of his alarming death rate." "Lack of industrial training and lack industrial opportunity," I continued, "seem incontestably the peculiar and fundamental causes to account for the negro's excess of poverty." And so I went on to make a plea for trade schools in cities containing large negro populations in poverty-schools like the Baron de Hirsch Trade School of New York City - to supplement the good work of the public schools by providing training directly for economic independence. Beyond the shadow of a doubt, the public schools have tended to lower the death rates and to arrest the criminality of the negro populations of Philadelphia and St. Louis; the schools have spread hygienie knowledge and wholesome habits and incentives to moral conduct. The causal relation between the teaching of the schools and the restraint of criminality is illustrated by the fact that "the illiterate fifth of the negros population furnished one-third of Philadelphia's worst criminals," "But that mere intellectual ignorance does not satisfactorily explain the phenomenon of crime is pretty evident. Thus, since the year ended April 12, 1880, the foreign-born (white) population of St. Louis has committed increasingly fewer crimes, in proportion to its numbers, that the native-born whites of native parents, though the proportion of illiterates among the foreign-born is more than nine times greater than among the native-born whites. In short, intelligence (at least such as statistics can measure), tends to lessen criminality, but the tendency may be counteracted by 'other powerful forces.'" There is not one word in either of my articles that can reasonably be construed into an adverse criticism of the public schools. Moreover, I have not discovered in the statistics any reason whatever to assume that the public schools do not exert upon the black population as upon the white. If my inquiry has been conducted, as The Post graciously intimates, in the spirit of "the student looking for truths wherein to found a plan - not of the doctrinaire looing for arguments wherewith to justify a theory" - then I am highly gratified, for this, I gratefully acknowledge, is high praise. ROSCOE CONKLING BRUCE. Tuskegee Institute, Ala. Editor Post: In the issue of The Poet of Thursday, the 19th instant, appeared an editorial based on researched given out by Prof. Bruce in an recent magazine article. I take exception to the entire quotation on the ground that while the statistics from which the writer makes deductions may in the main be true, they are [?] means sufficient to base any conclusions upon. It must be noted that the percentages given by the police departments of the cities and the census usually group the crimes of literates and illiterates together, so that it is practically has or has not had the advantages of school training. The only method of comparison would be by a comparison of those crimes that actually require some mental ability to accomplish, such as forgery, embezzlement, counterfeiting, conspiracy, &c.; but to include in a comparison such as pocket-picking, disorderly conduct, housebreaking, &c., does not prove that one of the characteristics of the negro is excessive crime nor that education has made him simply an educated criminal; neither does it make any excuses for his crimes. In comparing the statistics as given by the police departments of this city for 1900 and 1904, the following facts are shown: The percentage of negro population in 1900 was 31.0; in 1904, it was 31.1. The percentage of arrests for the two years was respectively, 52.1 and 45.3, showing a decreases, which so far as this city is concerned, refutes the statement that crime among the negroes is on the increase. The percentage of murder arrests for these two years are respectively, 35.7 and 75, and of intoxication, 16.2 and 21.6. These crimes require very little if any mental development; however of the crimes for which some educational requirement at least [l?] necessary, the following is true: in the same two years the percentages for embezzlement are 34.2 and 20.6 and for forgery 18.4 and 17.6. That the percentage of illiteracy is decreasing is admitted beyond the shadow of a doubt. Hence it will be seen (1) that crime among negroes here appears to be decreasing rather than increasing; (2) that crimes among the uneducated or crimes that show an ignorant origin are not decreasing; (3) that crimes among the educated r crimes requiring more intelligence are decreasing, and (4) that the educated negro is evidently reducing the crime percentage. Thus to charge an increase of crime generally to education is manifestly unjust. A.C. NEWMAN. 2032 Seventeenth street northwest. Editor Post: It is sad and painful transition, from the many evidences of concerted endeavor, philanthropic and tion, and that of those accused of the nameless crime against woman not one had ever been in any institution of learning. Go through the jails, workhouses, and houses of correction, and the criminals you find there belonging to the "trained negro class" are rare, and in many instances are exceptions. The premises, argument, and conclusion of Prof. Bruce, coming from one who is posing as an educators and an investigator of sociological science, is a sad commentary on the effects of his superior training and the aid of 10,000,000 are to derive from his efforts in the crisis which now confront us. Contradicted by the efforts of man in all times, to stamp out ignorance as the bane of civilization and the breeder of sedition and crime, and the axiomatic truth that, in proportion as knowledge is disseminated and in intelligence becomes general, crime will decrease and disappear, his utterances so far, as quoted are an aspersion, a sociological fallacy, and the one or two isolated cases do not prove the proposition in reference to the whole race. SHELBY J. DAVIDSON. "[?] USED IN GENESIS clipped from The Post of January 17, and with this clipping came the pithy message, "I commiserate with you." Your editorial comments upon two articles of mine which have recently appeared in the Southern Workman, "Some Effects of the Negro's Poverty," in the November Issue, and "A Plea for Negro Trade Schools in Cities," in the December issue. For my inquiry I selected two cities, "each of which * * * may be considered socially Northern; in each of which data have been collected with care, and on the whole not distorted by prejudice." I mean Philadelphia and St. Louis. In 1896, under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania, Prof. W. E. B. Du Bois began his studies of the Philadelphia negro and in 1899 published his book. In 1903 Miss Lillian Brandt published in the journal of the American Statistical Association a less detailed study. "The Negroes of St. Louis." The disinterestedness of scientific investigation characterizes both these studies. The statistica displaying the poverty, the criminality, and the mortality of the negro populations of these cities, I drew directly from these authoritative sources; and in many cases I accepted the investigator's interpretative comment verbatim, or almost verbatim. By means of these statistics I attempted to demonstrate that the "poverty of the negro is the fundamental cause of his excessive criminality and of his alarming death rate." "Lack of industrial training and lack of industrial opportunity," I continued, "seem incontestably the peculiar and fundamental causes to account for the negro's excess of poverty." And so I went on to make a plea for trade schools in cities containing large negro populations in poverty-- schools like the Baron de Hirsch Trade School of New York City-- to supplement the good work of the public schools by providing training directly for economic independence. Beyond the shadow of a doubt, the public schools have tended to lower the death rates and to arrest the criminality of the negro populations of Philadelphia and St. Louis; the schools have spread hygienic knowledge and wholesome habits and incentives to moral conduct. The causal relation between the teaching of the schools and the restraint of criminality is illustrated by the fact that "the illiterate fifth of the negro population furnished one-third of Philadelphia's worst criminals," "But that mere intellectual ignorance does not satisfactorily explain the phenomenon of crime is pretty evident. Thus, since the year ended April 12, 1880, the foreign-born (white) population of St. Louis has committed increasingly fewer crimes, in proportion to its numbers, than the native-born whites of native parents, though the proportion of illiterates among the foreign-born is more than nine times greater than among the native-born whites. In short, intelligence (at least such as statistics can measure), tends to lessen criminality, but the tendency may be counteracted by other powerful forces.' " There is not one word in either of my articles that can reasonably be construed into an adverse criticism of the public schools. Moreover, I have not discovered in the statistics any reason whatever to assume that the public schools do not exert the precise kind and degree of tendency upon the black population as upon the white. If my inquiry has been conducted, as The Post graciously intimates, in the spirit of "the student looking for truths whereon to found a plan--not of the doctrinaire looking for arguments wherewith to justify a theory"--then I am highly gratified, for this, I gratefully acknowledge, is high praise. ROSCOE CONKLING BRUCE. Tuskegee Institute, Ala. Editor Post: In the issue of The Post of Thursday, the 19th instant, appeared an editorial based on researches given out by Prof. Bruce in a recent magazine article. I take exception to the entire quotation on the ground that while the statistics from which the writer makes his deductions may in the main be true, they are cane sufficient to base any conclusions upon. It must be noted that the percentages given by the police departments of the cities and the census usually group the crimes of literates and illiterates together, so that it is practically impossible to know whether the criminal has or has not had the advantages of school training. The only method of comparison would be by a comparison of those crimes that actually require some mental ability to accomplish, such as forgery, embezzlement, counterfeiting, conepiracy, &c.; but to include in a comparison such as pocket-picking, &c., does not prove that one of the characteristics of the negro is exces ive crime nor that education has made him simply an educated criminal; neither does it make any excuses for his crimes. In comparing the statistics as given by the police department of this city for 1900 and 1904, the following facts are shown : The percentage of negro population in 1900 was 31.0; in 1904, it was 31.1. The percentage of arrests for the two years was respectively, 52.1 and 45.3, showing a decrease, which, was far as this city is concerned, refutes the statement that crime among the negroes is on the increase. The percentage of murder arrests for these two years are respectively, 35.7 and 75, and of intoxication, 16 2 and 21.6. These crimes require very little if any mental development ; however, of the crimes for which some educational requirement at least is necessary, the following is true: In the same two years the percentages for embezzlement are 34.2 and 20.6 and for forgery 18.4 and 17.6. That the percentage of illiteracy is decreasing is admitted beyond the shadow of a doubt. Hence it will be seen (1) that crime among negroes here appears to be decreasing rather than increasing; (2) that crimes among the uneducated or crimes that show an ignorant origin are not decreasing ; (3) that crimes among the educated or crimes requiring more intelligence are decreasing, and (4) that the educated negro is evidently reducing the crime percentage. Thus to charge an increase of crime generally to education is manifestly unjust. A. C. NEWMAN. 2032 Seventeenth street northwest. Editor Post: It is a sad and painful transition, from the many evidences of concerted endeavor, philantropic and Christ-like, in the uplift of the negro, when emancipated, to the remarkable diatribe of statistical empiricism from the pen of Prof. Roscoe Conkling Bruce, of Tuskegee, Ala. We certainly find, accepting his conclusion for the time being, that it all has been to no purpose. We can hardly conceive that, in spite of church and school pulpit and press, and the many agencies which were thought effectual as deterrents from crime, and incident to the development of the highest and best in man, there has been fastened "a second characteristic of the negro population" in "excess of crime." These agencies are tools of his crime and conducive thereto, and "the more intelligent and therefore more dangerous crime seems to come from a trained negro criminal class." I see no proofs to pear out the conclusion which he reaches, that the race is given to excessive crime. It will not be necessary to point out to Prof. Bruce that arrests, which he himself admits as the crudest index of crime, is not an index at all; if so, the man who commits a crime and is not arrested has not committed any crime, because the index, the arrest, is not there. Similarly, the who is arrested, although he has committed no crime, is a criminal because he has been arrested, and that is the index of crime. When this is used in reference to negro criminal statistics it is simply without meaning so far as its bearing on crime is concerned. In educator and an investigator of sociological science, is a sad commentary on the effects of his superior training and the aid the 10,000,000 are to derive from his efforts in the crisis which now confront us. Contradicted by the efforts of man in all times, to stamp out ignorance as the bane of civilization and the breeder of sedition and crime, and the axiomatic truth that, in proportion as knowledge is disseminated and intelligence becomes general, crime will decrease and disappear, his utterances so far as quoted are an aspersion, a sociological fallacy, and the one or two isolated cases do not prove the proposition in reference to the whole race. SHELBY J. DAVIDSON. [?] USED IN GENESIS am highly gratified for this, I gratefully acknowledge, is high praise. ROSCOE CONKLING BRUCE. Tuskegee Institute, Ala. ----- Editor post: In the issue of The Poet of Thursday, the 19th instant, appeared an editorial based on researches given out by Prof. Bruce in a recent magazine article. I take exception to the entire quotation on the ground that while the statistics from which the writer makes his deductions may in the main be true, they are by no means sufficient to base any conclusions upon. It must be noted that the percentages given by the police departments of the cities and the census usually group the crimes of literates and illiterates together, so that it is practically impossible to know whether the criminal has or has not had the advantages of school training. The only method of comparison would be by a comparison of those crimes that actually require some mental ability to accomplish, such as forgery, embezzlement, counterfeiting, conspiracy, &c.; but to include in a comparison such as pocket-picking, disorderly conduct, housebreaking, &c., does not prove that one of the characteristics of the negro is excessive crime nor that the education has made him simply an educated criminal; neither does it make any excuses for his crimes. In comparing the statistics as given by the police department of this city for 1900 and 1904, the following facts are shown: The percentage of negro population in 1900 was 31.0; in 1904, it was 31.1. The percentage of arrests for the two years was respectively, 52.1 and 45.3, showing a decrease, which, so far as this city is concerned, refutes the statement that crime among the negroes is on the increase. The percentage of murder arrests for these two years are respectively, 35.7 and 75, and of intoxication, 16.2 and 21.6. These crimes require very little if any mental development; however, of the crimes for which some educational requirement at least as necessary, the following is true: In the same two years the percentage for embezzlement are 34.2 and 20.6 and for forgery 18.4 and 17.6. That the percentage of illiteracy is decreasing is admitted beyond the shadow of a doubt. Hence it will be seen (1) that crime among negroes here appears to be decreasing rather than increasing; (2) that crimes among the uneducated or crimes that show an ignorant origin are not decreasing; (3) that crimes among the educated or crimes requiring more intelligence are decreasing; and (4) that the educated negro is evidently reducing the crime percentage. Thus to chart an increase of crime generally to education is manifestly unjust. A. C. NEWMAN. 2031 Seventeenth street northwest. ----- Editor Post: It is a sad and painful transition, from the many evidences of concerted endeavor, philanthropic and Christ-like, in the uplift of the negro, when emancipated, to the remarkable diatribe of statistical empiricism from the pen of Prof. Roscoe Conkling Bruce, of Tuskegee, Ala. We certainly find, accepting his conclusion for the time being, that it all has been to no purpose. We can hardly conceive that, in spite of church and school, pulpit and press, and the many agencies which were thought effectual as deterrents from crime, and incident to the development of the highest and best in man, there has been fastened "a second characteristic of the negro population" in "excess of crime." These agencies are tools of his crime and conducive thereto, and "the more intelligent and therefore more dangerous crime seems to come from a trained negro criminal class." I see no proofs to bear out the conclusion which he reaches, that the race is given to excessive crime. It will not be necessary to point out to Prof. Bruce that arrests, which he himself admits is the crudest index of crime, is not an index at all; if so, the man who commits a crime and is not arrested has not committed any crime, because the index, the arrest, is not there. Similarly, the man who is arrested, although he has committed no crime, is a criminal because he has been arrested, and that is the index of crime. When this is used in reference to the negro crimination statistics it is simply without meaning so far as its bearing on crime is concerned. In most of our large cities, and, for that matter, the small ones, too, especially in the South - and no one knows this better than Prof. Bruce - the least seeming infraction of the law, an insolent look, or a short answer, if spoken to by one of the minions of the law on the part of a negro, will result in his arrest, and after some quasi-judicial procedure, subject him to imprisonment or the chain gang, while in a white man the act would be condoned and go unnoticed. Those who have been accustomed to the use and application of statistics, and those who have given special study to penal statistics, as related to the negro, do not bear out the assumption of Prof. Bruce, that the race is excessively criminal. I say assumption, for it amounts without proof to only an assumption, Dr. Booker T. Washington, whose disciple Prof. Bruce is, makes his strongest plea for Tuskegee in saying that the criminal class of negroes does not come from the schools and colleges, but, on the contrary, they are as a rule those who have not had even the rudiments of an educ DAILY OBSERVER, JUNE 10, 1905. VIEW OF RACE PROBLEM AT 85. Lingering Traces of Strife Kept Up by Fanatics and Political Demagogues--Nothing in Southern Laws or Customs to Hinder Negro's Advancement. [*625*] To the Editor of The Observer: Your humble correspondent would be pleased to get space in The Observer to give his views in his plain way on the still perplexing negro problem. The doubt and unrest existing between the two races is not brought about by the negro. It is well known in the South that the great majority of the negroes give themselves but little concern about their votes or the elections. This strife is kept up by fanatics and by white political pie-hunting demagogues. The negroes know that they are an inferior race and they are not making much noise about it. I was born on my father's large farm nearly 85 years ago and grew up in daily contact with negroes till I was 2 years old. I lived 55 years in the Western States on the Mississippi river, where I dealt with and employed the negro north and South of Mason's and Dixon's line, before and after he was made free and he is the same everywhere. His controlling tendencies are to ease and idleness; not progressive, but destructive. I would not do him a wrong if I knew it, nor would any other true Southern man. There is an enlightened Christian principle now existing, that is struggling for recognition on the negro problem. That is for the betterment of the negro and for the good of both races. The Bible, the commandments, the ancient and modern history, teach us the duty of the master to his servant, (not slave,) and the duty of the servant to his master. We need the negro's help and he needs the white man's guidance and protection. Probably for a great providential purpose beyond our comprehension the negro is a lower type of the human race and not the equal of the white race and cannot be made so. He lacks system and fixed purpose, and has but little confidence in himself, or his people. The President, Bishop Potter and others in high place or Booker T. Washington, to the contrary notwithstanding. Booker T. Washington in his speeches and writings makes unjust thrusts at the Southern people where the cause and remedy both lie at the door of his own people. He knows that the Democratic Southern people are the negroes' truest and best friends, whether he will admit it or not. There is nothing in the laws or customs of the people of the South to hinder the negro from becoming educated, wealthy and happy. Free schools are provided for him, and he can buy and sell and rent land and sell its products the same as the white race. His labor and his custom in business are courted and sought after by all classes. The negro and those of the white race that are not satisfied with the negro as nature created him ought to go to their God about it and not blame the Southern people for it. It was not the Southern people that made him a slave. Booker T. Washington claims that the aggregate wealth the negro has accumulated in the South since he was made free is unparalleled, when he knows that it is insignificant when compared to what the white man has done in the same places and during the same length of time, with an unequaled chance with the negro before the powers then existing and during the long years of shameful carpet-bag rule. The negro's nature is to follow and not to lead. But the white people will protect him in his person and property, if he will behave himself, particularly so in the Southern States. GEORGE W. FISHER. Concord, N. C., May 25, 1905. Harvard Club Dinner. There will be no embarrassment at the dinner of the Harvard Club tonight. Dr. E. D. Scott, the colored physician, who, it was intimated, had accepted an invitation to attend, has said that he will not be present, as he does not wish to inconvenience any member of the club. He is a graduate of the class of '82, and has always been welcome at his class reunions; but he says he realizes that conditions are different here from those in Boston. The dinner tonight will, it is expected, have a larger attendance than for several years. [*624*] other such massacre. [*62-*] THE NEW APOLOGIST. And now comes upon the scene a new apologist, in the person of Mr. Roscoe Conkling Bruce, the only son of THE BEE'S lamented friend, ex-Senator Blanch K. Bruce, of Mississippi. He gives out for publication a most remarkable statement. This young man has made the greatest blunder of his life. He compromises the Northern colored man to satisfy and appease the prejudiced thirst of the Southern oligarchy. What does he hope to gain? Is it his selfish and personal ambition that he means to elevate? Or does he hope for a reward by being placed at the head of Tuskegee Institute? He has overlooked the great white criminal classes in those States in which he claims that the negro criminals are so numerous. With a greedy thirst, the white press of the country takes almost with force his declarations to further degrade the struggling negro race. Is this what he was taught in the great New England colleges? Did the environments of Massachusetts so degrade and weaken his intellect to the extent that at this late date he sees nothing in the Northern negro race but the characteristics of criminals? Certainly the Northern colored men will immediately repudiate this young upstart and teach him that the Northern American negro is capable of higher aspirations than what Mr. Bruce gives him credit for. It seems to THE BEE that the more learned some negroes are in books the more dangerous they are to the race. It seems that the greatest enemies of the race are those within the race. The greatest impediments the race is forced to overcome are those that emanate within its own household. It is not necessary to waste so much valuable space contradicting the recent libel of Mr. Bruce and his disconnected and malicious indictments. THE BEE will not demur because they are not demurrable. THE BEE will not plead to them, because they will die by limitation. But, why should THE BEE express surprise? Young Bruce inherited his recent utterances. He that instilled in him that blood that knows nothing but humiliation. He is the offspring of a generation that always regarded the white race as possessing superior intellect and manhood. It is quite evident that the negro race, before it can succeed, must get rid of the apologists and trimmers before it ever reaches that diadem that makes men and nations great. SANTO DOMINGO. Santo Domingo is to be towed out of her sea of troubles by our national The following clipping is taken from one of a series of articles recently appearing in the Saturday Evening Post on "South Africa After the War," by the well-known English writer, W.T. Stead. Every now and then some secular journal turns the attention of its readers to the operations of our church in South Africa. Those who have the matter in their power will do well always to send our strongest, bravest, and best to the mission fields under foreign rule. No course less carefully pursued deserves commendation. There is often correction for blunders made at home, but during this experimental stage of our church abroad a single misstep is likely to prove disastrous indeed. Mr. Stead says: "American influence is everywhere perceptible in South Africa. In the [*616*] educational centres at Wellington and Worcester there are buildings erected by American munificence and teachers trained in America. In the great fruit plantations established by Mr. Rhodes the experts in charge are mostly men trained in California. The government experimental wine farm at Constantia is under the control of French-Canadians. Most of the mining engineers who direct the Rand gold mines are Americans. American plows are everywhere in evidence. But I am sorry to have to report that South Africans do not speak highly either of the American railway material or of the American locomotives. They are said to be neither so tough nor so durable as those turned out in Europe. The one American invasion which excites alarm is the invasion of the American Methodist Episcopal church. The American Negro is held in holy horror by the South African white. He has notions in his wooly head with which they fear he will inoculate the Kaffir. Lord Milner at first promptly shut their ministers out of the conquered territories. Appeal was made to Downing Street and the interdict was set to one side. The American Colored brethren are accused of teaching the natives that South Africa is a black man's land, a charge which they solemnly repudiate. They are also held to entertain damnable heresies as to the rights of a man not being altogether dependent upon the color of his skin. The South African bar is scandalized at Cape Town by the apparition of a Colored man from Trinidad duly qualified to practice as a barrister. He completed his studies in England. Mr. Sylvester Williams, for that is his name, ignores their protest, obtains clients, and is building up a very good professional practice. A full-fledged barrister in a dark skin is a concrete negation of the popular theory that black men are fit for nothing but to be hewers of wood and d drawers of water. But race prejudice is very strong. It prevents the co-education of black and white, and it banishes Colored communicants from the Lord's table at which white Christians partake of the sacrament. NEGRO SHOULD LEAVE SOUTH. [*Post - Mar 9 1905*] Rev. Dr. Babbitt Advocates Voluntary Exodus to Other Sections. [*617*] The Rev. Dr. Dean Richmond Babbitt, rector of the Church of the Epiphany, of Brooklyn, N.Y., and president of the commission on the race problem, in an address at the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church last night advocated the voluntary exodus from the South of negroes. He urged that, through industrial combinations, co-operative societies, and State immigrant boards created for the purpose, they should seek settlements in the Northern, Middle, and Western States, so that the problem of the negro race should not be any longer a Southern one. If the negro were distributed among the Northern and Western States, his political rights, he said, not only would be protected, but, through a balance of power between the parties, he would obtain political and industrial recognition and there would be a lessening of race prejudice, now impossible for him in the congested South. What has been described as the "white peril" to the negro in the South by the incoming of the Italians, Austrians, and other foreigners, Dr. Babbitt said, is, in his judgment, a step toward the negro's political and industrial salvation by driving him to better fields and larger opportunities. He advocated the creation of a commission by Congress to deal with the facts from every point of view. Dr. A. D. Mayo, of New York City, spoke briefly on the need of education for the negro. Former Senator Stewart, of Nevada, who had been announced to speak, was unavoidably detained. [*614 March 9 - 1905*] ASHINGTON POST. WOULD REDUCE REPRESENTATION. Negro Leaders Call on the President and Commend His Attitude. A delegation of negro leaders called upon President Roosevelt at the White House yesterday morning, and held a brief conference upon the question of the reduction of representation in the Southern States. In the party were Bishop Walters, of New Jersey; Dr. C. H. Parrish, president of the Eckstein-Norton Institute, of Louisville, Ky.; Bishop Clinton, of North Carolina; Bishop Grant, Bishop B. W. Arnett, Kelly Miller, and H. A. Rucker. The following memorial was presented to the President by the delegation: We, the representatives of a large constituency of negroes in the different church and other organizations, come to present to your our most sincere thanks for the splendid position you have already taken of equal justice to all men, regardless of their color, creed, section, or race. Indeed, we believe you to be the embodiment of fair play. We feel deeply grateful to you for your words of advice and good cheer in your magnificent address delivered in New York on Lincoln's Birthday, February 12. The words "All men up and none down" have given the nation a new motto and kindled in the breast of every black man new hope. We believe that address will check, in a large measure, the tide of injustice on the part of those who are prejudiced against us and be an inspiration to black men everywhere to live better and nobler lives. We further desire to thank you for the nomination of Charles W. Anderson as collector of internal revenues of the Second district of New York, thus giving evidence to the South that the colored citizen is not appointed to office in that section to humiliate them, but that it is to be the policy of the administration to give to every race whatever political recognition it merits by the appointment of efficient men to positions of trust in all sections of the country. Judging from the facts already at hand we believe that a large number of negroes who are fully prepared to meet the qualifications imposed by the revised constitutions of the South are denied the right to register and vote on account of color and previous condition of servitude, which is in violation of the Federal Constitution, and even the revised constitutions of the South. This denial is a great injustice to the colored citizens of the said States. We are of the opinion that the first step to the correction of these great wrongs is the appointment of a commission by Congress to investigate the matter and find out if it is true and citizens entitled to register and vote are denied that privilege and to what extent. We have come to request you to recommend in your next message to Congress the appointment of a commission to secure the facts so that Congress may see the necessity of enacting such legislation as will enforce the provisions of the fifteenth amendment to the Federal Constitution. We feel that some means should be provided for the full enforcement of the amendments to the Constitution that all citizens may be equally protected in their rights which these amendments are intended to guarantee. President Roosevelt did not indicate to the committee what action he might take regarding its request for the appointment of a commission, promising simply to give the subject consideration. NEGROES ABANDONING SOUTH. [*Star Feb. 27--1905*] Gov. Heyward Says Educated Blacks Are Flocking to Cities. [*611*] The fifth annual dinner of the North Carolina Society was held in New York Friday night. Gov. Duncan C. Heywood of South Carolina devoted part of his speech to the negro problem, saying, among other things: "As the negro is becoming more ecuated you will find that he is voluntarily abandoning work and congregating in the cities; that his tendency is to go north, east and west; that today Pennsylvania, for instance, has a population of 156,845 negroes; New York, 100,000; Missouri, 101,00; Massachusetts, 31,974; the District of Columbia, 86,702, and New Jersey, 69.844. "Our movement, therefore, in its last analysis, means the offering of a solution of this great problem, in which, from its very nature and relation to the other problem of immigration, we will have the aid of the thinking people of those sections politically opposed to the south. We offer a peaceful solution, and with it the bringing about of a development of resources that cannot but mean much in the commerce and growth of the entire United States." LOOKING OVER THE PAPERS. New York Assemblymen Inspecting Charges Against Judge Hooker SOLVING THE RACE PROBLEM. Amalgamation of Whites and Blacks Declared to Be in Process. 612 Editor Post: "Savoyard" wrote recently in your columns, under the caption, "Ever a Problem," apropos of President Roosevelt's recent speech on the race question: The President would have the negro honest, frugal, industrious, virtuous, and so say we all. But the President does not venture to say what shall be done with the negro when he is all these things, and a capitalist in the bargain. When he has educated and elevated himself, what then? A negro on the bench means social equality and miscegenation. This phase of the race question cannot be ignored, and when the negro becomes all the President characterizes as so desirable - learned, honest, frugal, diligent, wealthy - then the real race problem will have just begun. When the negro realizes this dream, how are you going to deny him full partnership? It is this side of the question that concerns the South. That people have preserved their race integrity under such conditions as to give the fact the nature of a miracle. And now we have the race question, that promises to remain with us until a Moses comes to lead the children of Ham back to Africa. The logic of events will solve the negro questions, and I have no doubt will solve it in a manner very different from "Savoyard's" anticipations. The forces which will obliterate that question are now and long have been at work. To reveal one force potent in that direction, it is necessary only to find answer to the question: Whence come the mulattos and other intergradations between white and black races? The South has contributed its full share toward this solution of the question, not mainly, indeed, by marriage honorable in the sight of man, but nevertheless by effective marriage, and when it is considered that the influence of such marriage is reciprocal, there is probably no section of this country in which there is a larger infusion of negro blood in the veins of professedly white men and women than in that South for which the vain boast is made that its "people have preserved their race integrity." When the influences of environment and sustenance upon race characteristics are considered, it appears yet more forcibly that the whites and the blacks are becoming amalgamated in that region where so large a proportion of the so-called white children are cared for by negro nurses and fed at negro breasts. Political privilege still enables one portion of this amalgamated race to dominate another. Industry, frugality, and education are likely by slow degrees to remove political disabilities from the dominated portion, and along with this will go to the completer racial merging, until no race problem will remain. B. PICKMAN MANN. Don't Cough All Night. Restful sleep follows use of Dr. King's New Discovery, the best lung cure in the world. No cure, no pay. 50c, $1.00. All druggists'. Feb. 20, 1905 Post POST SIXTEEN PAGES 613 PRESIDENT PRAISED Commended by Warfield for Race Issue Address. NEGRO PROBLEM IS GRAVE Fifteenth Amendment a Great Political Blunder. Repeal Suggested in Address of Maryland Governor at New York Banquet. Roosevelt's Policy for Advancement of the Negro is Indorsed - Removal of Amendment Would Benefit the Colored Race - Negro Vote Sport of Bosses. NEW YORK, Feb. 24 - In the course of a speech at the annual dinner of the Maryland Society of New York, at the Hotel Astor to-night, Gov. Edwin Warfield, of Maryland, commended the speech of President Roosevelt on the negro problem, made at the Lincoln Day dinner of the Republican Club in this city. Gov. Warfield said, in part: "We have a grave question confronting us now - one that is usually the theme of speakers from the South upon occasions like this - 'the race problem.' "I was pleased that President Roosevelt followed the wake of our Southern orators and took such a fair and patriotic stand upon this question in his speech at the Lincoln banquet. What he said convinced our people that he is giving thoughtful consideration to his paramount problem. and that he is beginning to realize the true status of the negro in the South. We interpret what he said as earnest of his determination to aid in maintaining the relations now prevailing in the South, and which are fast being accepted throughout the land as the proper relations to exist between the races in every section of our country. He has my approval in the policy he suggests, to advance the negro along lines that will make him a better, a more useful man, and fit for the grave responsibilities of citizenship. Had Lincoln Lived. "Had the great and patriotic President, Abraham Lincoln, been spared, the South would never have been called upon to contend with the race problem as it now confronts us. Lincoln would never have approved of the racial reconstruction plan forced upon the South by Thaddeus Stevens and his partisan supporters. The negro would not have been enfranchised until he had qualified himself for the high and sacred right of suffrage. The fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States would never have been forced to adoption, but the Southern States would have been left to handle this question in a way to encourage frugality, thrift, industry, intelligence, economy in the negro. "Such a course would have prevented the greatest political blunder in the history of the world, a blunder that elevated to the proudest privilege of American citizenship an ignorant, shiftless, inexperienced, dependent race of human beings, just liberated from bondage, to be the tools of scheming and incorrupt political adventurers in carrying out their disgraceful plots against the welfare of the intelligent substantial white population of the South. "It has been suggested that the solution of the race problem lies in the repeal of the fifteenth amendment, thus leaving with each State in the Union power to adjust the question of suffrage to suit its special social conditions. The privilege to vote could then be bestowed in a way to place the electorate upon an intelligent basis, without respect to the expedient of unwise constitutional amendments that strain the conscience of our best people and arouse criticism. Recognition of Worth. "The solution of the problem in this way would result in benefit to the negro, would prevent lawlessness and crime, improve labor conditions, and bring to the deserving and worthy negro the recognition recommended by the President in his patriotic utterances - the recognition that worth always wins. "We have this race problem now confronting us in Maryland. A strong feeling has grown in the State against the negro in politics, because of the blind way in which he follows the dictates and lead of designing Republican politicians, who use him for their personal gain. After forty years of freedom and thirty-three years of enfranchisement, they stand in solid array against the material welfare of the State, and vote as a unit under the dictation of corrupt and selfish political bosses, many of whom allied themselves with the Republican party after the enfranchisement of the Commended by Warfield for Race Issue Address. NEGRO PROBLEM IS GRAVE Fifteenth Amendment a Great Po- litical Blunder. Repeal Suggested in Address of Mary- land Governor at New York Banquet. Roosevelt's Policy for Advancement of the Negro is Indorsed - Removal of Amendment Would Benefit the Colored Race - Negro Vote Sport of Bosses. New York, Feb. 24. - In the course of a speech at the annual dinner of the Mary- land Society of New York, at the Hotel Astor to-night, Gov. Edwin Warfield, of Maryland, commended the speech of Pres- ident Roosevelt on the negro problem, made at the Lincoln Day dinner of the Republican Club in this city. Gov. War- field said, in part: "We have a grave question confronting us now - one that is usually the theme of speakers from the South upon occasions like this - 'the race problem.' "I was pleased that President Roosevelt followed the wake of our Southern orators and took such a fair and patriotic stand upon this question in his speech at the Lincoln banquet. What he said con- vinced our people that he is giving thoughtful consideration to this para- mount problem, and that he is beginning o realize the true status of the negro in e South. We interpret what he said as earnest of his determination to aid in intaining the relations now prevailing in the South, and which are fast being ac- cepted throughout the land as the propety relations to exist between the races in every section of our country. He has my approval in the policy he suggests, to advance the negro along lines that will make him a better, a more useful man, and fit for the grave responsibilities of citizenship. Had Lincoln Lived. "Had the great and patriotic President, Abraham Lincoln, been spared, the South would never have been called upon to contend with the race problem as it now confronts us. Lincoln would never have approved of the racial reconstruction plan forced upon the South by Thaddeus Ste- vens and his partisan supporters. The negro would not have been enfranchised until he had qualified himself for the high and sacred right to suffrage. The fif- teenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States would never have been forced to adoption, but the Southern States would have been left to handle this question in a way to encourage frugality, thrift, industry, intelligence, economy in the negro. "Such a course would have prevented the greatest political blunder in the his- tory of the world, a blunder that elevated to the proudest privilege of American citizenship an ignorant, shiftless, inex- perienced, dependent race of human be- ings, just liberated from bondage, to be the tools of scheming and incorrupt po- litical adventurers in carrying out their disgraceful plots against the welfare of the intelligent, substantial white people of the South. "It has been suggested that the solu- tion of the race problem lies in the repeal of the fifteenth amendment, thus leaving with each State in the Union power to adjust the question of suffrage to suit its special social conditions. The privilege to vote could then be bestowed in a way to place the electorate upon an intelligent basis, without respect to the expedient of unwise constitutional amendments that strain the conscience of our best people and arouse criticism. Recognition of Worth. "The solution of the problem in this way would result in benefit to the negro, would prevent lawlessness and crime, im- prove labor conditions, and bring to the deserving and worthy negro the recogni- tion recommended by the President in his patriotic utterances - the recognition that worth always wins. "We have this race problem now con- fronting us in Maryland. A strong feel- ing has grown in the State against the negro in politics, because of the blind way in which he follows the dictates and lead of designing Republican politicians, who use him for their personal gain. After forty years of freedom and thirty- three years of enfranchisement, they stand in solid array against the material welfare of the State, and vote as a unit under the dictation of corrupt and selfish political bosses, many of whom allied themselves with the Republican party after the enfranchisement of the negro, because they saw the opportunity of using him to advance their ambitions. "Had the negro shown a disposition to discriminate in voting and to exercise an intelligent judgment in casting his ballot on public questions, the opposition to him would never have developed. But few of them have shown a desire to improve their condition, mentally, morally, or financially, and the great majority of them are no better able to exercise the right of suffrage intelligently and dis- criminatingly to-day than when first given that privilege. The governor also referred incidentally in flattering terms to the fact that Presi- dent Roosevelt is giving recognition to the best element of the people of the South in the matter of appointments. A City Without Graft. Gov. Warfield also spoke of the rebuild- ing of Baltimore as a wonderful work, accomplished without outside aid. In men- tioning Baltimore, he said: "I believe that you will find a city with- out graft, where partisanship will not be tolerated, where political bosses have been relegated to the rear, where the people are supreme." made at the Lincoln Day dinner of the Republican club in this city. Gov. Warfield said, in part: "We have a grave question confronting us now - one that is usually the theme of speakers from the South upon occasions like this - 'the race problem.' "I was pleased that President Roosevelt followed the wake of our Southern orators and took such a fair and patriotic stand upon this question in his speech at the Lincoln banquet. What he said convinced our people that he is giving thoughtful consideration to this paramount problem, and that he is beginning to realize the true status of the negro in the South. We interpret what he said as an earnest determination to aid in maintaining the relations now prevailing in the South, and which are fast being accepted through the land as the proper relations to exist between the races in every section of our country. He has my approval in the policy he suggests, to advance the negro along lines that will make him a better, a more useful man, and fit for the grave responsibilities of citizenship. Had Lincoln Lived. "Had the great and patriotic President, Abraham Lincoln, been spared, the South would never have been called upon to contend with the race problem as it now confronts us. Lincoln would never have approved of the racial reconstruction plan forced upon the South by Thaddeus Stevens and his partisan supporters. The negro would not have been enfranchised until he had qualified himself for the high and sacred right of suffrage. The fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States would never have been forced to adoption, but the Southern States would have left to handle this question in a way to encourage frugality, thrift, industry, intelligence, economy in the negro. "Such a course would have prevented the greatest political blunder in the history of the world, a blunder that elevated to the proudest privilege of American citizenship an ignorant, shiftless, inexperienced, dependent race of human beings, just liberated from bondage, to be the tools of scheming and incorrupt political adventurers in carrying out their disgraceful plots against the welfare of the intelligent, substantial white people of the South. "It has been suggested that the solution of the race problem lies in the repeal of the fifteenth amendment, thus leaving with each State in the Union power to adjust the question of suffrage to suit its special social conditions. The privilege to vote could then be bestowed in a way to place the electorate upon an intelligent basis, without respect to the expedient of unwise constitutional amendments that strain the conscience of our best people and arouse criticism. Recognition of Worth. "The solution of the problem in this way would result in benefit to the negro, would prevent lawlessness and crime, improve labor conditions, and bring to the deserving and worthy negro the recognition recommended by the President in his patriotic utterances - the recognition that worth always wins. "We have this race problem now confronting us in Maryland. A strong feeling has grown in the States against the negro in politics, because of the blind way in which he follows the dictates and lead of designing Republican politicians who use him for their personal gain. After forty years of freedom and thirty-three years of enfranchisement, they stand in solid array against the material welfare of the State, and vote as a unit under the dictation of corrupt and selfish political bosses, many of whom allied themselves with the Republican party after the enfranchisement of the negro, because they saw the opportunity of using him to advance their ambitions. "Had the negro shown a disposition to discriminate in voting and to exercise an intelligent judgment in casting his ballot on public questions, the opposition to him would never have developed. But few of them have shown a desire to improve their condition, mentally, morally, or financially, and the great majority of them are no better able to exercise the right of suffrage intelligently and discriminatingly to-day than when first given the privilege." The governor also referred incidentally in flattering terms to the fact that President Roosevelt is giving recognition to the best element of the people of the South in the matter of appointments. A City Without Graft. Gov. Warfield also spoke of the rebuilding of Baltimore as a wonderful work, accomplished without outside aid. In mentioning Baltimore, he said: "I believe that you will find a city without graft, where partisanship will not be tolerated, where political bosses have been relegated to the rear, where the people are supreme." Among the guests at the dinner were Robert C. Ogden, president of the Pennsylvania Society; Postmaster W. R. Willcox, of New York; Robert L. Harrison, president of the Southern Society; Henry Wollman, president of the Missouri Society, and J. E. Graybill, president of the Georgia Society. [*NY Tribune--Feb. 15--1905*] [*609*] THE PRESIDENT ON THE NEGRO. President Roosevelt's Lincoln Day speech was peculiarly appropriate to an observance in memory of the great Emancipator. Its spirit was that which inspired Lincoln and endeared his name to North and South alike, the spirit which he expressed in the undying words of his second inaugural: "With malice toward "none; with charity for all; with firmness in "the right, as God gives us to see the right." The President's unyielding stand for fair treatment for the negro and his equality before the law has been much misrepresented and misconstrued in the South, but we think no reasonable man or woman in the South can find cause for bitterness in this address, or after reading it have excuse for being misled concerning him by the demagogues whose stock in trade is appeals to race prejudice. President Roosevelt gives no encouragement to politicians or logic choppers in the North who believe that they can solve the race problem out of hand or think that the welfare of the negro and the country at large can be promoted by radical legislation. He takes the large and catholic view of the situation which is as free from vindictiveness or disposition to humiliate the South as was Lincoln's own. He sees that race adjustment is a matter of slow growth. Patience is needed, patience in the South with the faults of the negro and with misunderstanding in the North, patience in the North with Southern prejudice and real difficulties in giving to the negro what the best white sentiment of the South itself demands, and patience on the part of the negroes under wrongs which can best be righted by their continuing industrial progress and increasing moral development. The President shows the utmost friendliness to the South when he says: Most certainly all clearsighted and generous men in the North appreciate the difficulty and perplexity of this problem, sympathize with the South in the embarrassment of conditions for which she is not alone responsible, feel an honest wish to help her where help is practicable, and have the heartiest respect for those brave and earnest men of the South who, in the face of fearful difficulties, are doing all that men can do for the betterment alike of white and of black. The President no more than any other wise white man, or, for that matter, wise negro, wants to force upon the South any social equality. He quotes approvingly the protest of Bishop Strange, of North Carolina, against any social intermingling of the races and in favor of race purity, but stands firmly, also with this Southern Bishop, for the full recognition of the equal footing of every citizen before the law in the matter of civil rights. His attitude all along has been that as Chief Magistrate he was bound to recognize the political rights of all citizens, and not to discriminate against a worthy candidate for office because of his color. How could he do anything else? Civil and political equality is a fundamental feature of our Constitution. He will not draw a political color line, but will treat men according to their individual merits, at the same time that he recognizes the difficulty of the South with its large body of ignorant and unworthy negroes, whose participation in politics would menace its civilization. Yet he warns the South that its civilization would be likewise menaced by any attempt to hold that body in continued ignorance and control it by lawlessness and oppression. His plea to the negro is to uplift himself morally and industrially and fit himself for helpful citizenship. His plea to the South is to help him upward for its own sake and give him the share in the political work of the community which his individual ability and integrity warrant; and he does not forget the North, which often neglects its duty to the negro. It should give him industrial opportunity, open its trades to him and show that its concern for his rights as a man begins at home. The President as he defines his position is seen to be in harmony with most of the enlightened men North and South, white and black, who in the last few years have been co-operating for the advancement of both races, by promoting education, industry and morality among negroes and whites, and striving to cultivate good will between them. [*Washington*] [*Feb. 15 - Post 1905*] Uplifting of the Negro. [*615*] President Roosevelt's address in New York on the negro question is in the nature of a sermon. It breathes sincerity in every sentence, is an eloquent appeal for fair play, and invests self-evident propositions with all the force of emphatic delivery. It is lofty in its tone, and is imbued throughout with the Christian spirit of charity and helpfulness. It does not, however, throw any new light upon the negro problem, and it certainly offers no definite or practical solution. It does not require the faculty of keen analysis, for instance, to assert that the prime requisite of the colored race is moral and industrial uplifting. This is a sweeping indictment against the negro, but the President appreciates its truth. It means that the negro is constitutionally lax in his moral sense and is also naturally idle. A race thus handicapped must necessarily make slow progress, and it is remarkable that in the forty years which have elapsed since slavery was abolished so much advancement has been made. It is, perhaps, a confirmation of the President's views to find that in Washington, where the negro is accorded exceptional advantages, this progress has been quite marked. We have still in the National Capital a colored population which is by no means desirable. It is thriftless, prone to theft, lacking in moral sense, and contributes largely to the throngs which crowd the prisoners' pen in the Police Court. While this is true, it is also the fact that in Washington there are many colored people who represent far more than the average intelligence of their race. They are skillful physicians, successful lawyers, competent teachers, and not infrequently prove their capacity for the conduct of business. These exceptions to the rule have taken advantage of the facilities afforded them in this city for their development. The colored schools are on a plane of equality with white schools in every detail of curriculum, equipment, and compensation of teachers. There are colored men in every branch of the Federal and local administration. When an honest and industrious negro desires to purchase property, the door of the building association is not closed against him. In short, there is no other city in the country where the negro possesses such exceptional advantages as are enjoyed by him in Washington. All this is possible here, because social equality is impossible between the negroes and the whites, and because the equality of suffrage is not a disturbing factor. In the South, where the negroes outnumber the whites, it is a matter of self-protection to keep the black man from exercising control. In States where he has gained temporary ascendancy he has left a wake of ruin and disgrace. The white people are the property-owning class, and they will not permit their interests to be jeopardized. Self-preservation is the first law of nature, and it is a law which will be invoked at all hazards. Mr. Roosevelt pleads for the equality of the negro before the law. If he means that justice shall be administered with exact hand as between the white and colored races, there will be no disagreement with him. The South is already generous to the negro in the matter of educational facilities. Schools and colleges for colored pupils are maintained almost exclusively upon the contributions of white taxpayers. The South, too, is affording the colored people opportunity to secure employment in many lines of industry. The time has not yet come, however, when the South will invest the negro with the power to levy taxes and to decide how those taxes shall be expended. The disastrous experiments of the past are still too vividly recalled. It is fully in accord with the temperament of the President to find him sympathizing always with the man who is handicapped and struggling, and he has the courage to make his convictions known. He views the problem sentimentally; the South must regard it from the standpoint of contiguity and experience. As a matter of fact, the condition of the colored man in the South is constantly improving. If he will do as much for himself as is being done for him, he will have no occasion to complain. [*627*] "Republican government was ordained to promote justice to secure each and all in the fullest possible enjoyment of equal rights and privileges under the law. Every American must stand before the law upon a plane of perfect equality with his fellow Americans. Our laws must be inspired by a sense of justice. Let us teach the love of justice at the fireside, in the schoolroom, in the pulpit, in the press, in the counting-house, in the factory. Yes! Teach it everywhere, for without justice abides with us, government is a mockery. Preserve Rights of High and Low. [*Fairbanks 607*] "Let us safeguard the rights of property; protect that which honest and patient industry has acquired. But first of all, and better than all, preserve inviolate the rights of men of low and high degree. "Political parties are essential in popular government. They have existed from the earliest days of the republic and they will continue to the end. It is of vital importance, therefore, that they should be high-minded and patriotic; that they should stand for those measures which THE EVENING STAR WASHINGTON TUESDAY ..........February 14, 1905 CROSBY S. NOYES..................Editor THE EVENING STAR has a regular and permanent Family Circulation much more than the combined circulation of the other Washington dailies. As a News and Advertising Medium it has no competitor. In order to avoid delays on account of personal absence, letters to THE STAR should not be addressed to any individual connected with the office, but simply to THE STAR, or to the Editorial or Business Departments according to tenor or purpose. [*619*] The President's Latest Speech. The President's speech in New York last night was worthy of his office, of the anniversary he was assisting in celebrating, and of himself. There is no greater theme than justice for all men, and help for those who need it. Every word spoken in that behalf by anybody at any time is a service to humanity; and, of course, the higher the speaker in the scale of influence and position the greater that service. The negro, as the President points out, is in need of the sympathy and assistance of the white man, whose neighbor he is and whose fortunes in a measure are linked with his own. We cannot keep the negro down and rise ourselves to the full height of our opportunity. Where he is ignorant we must educate him; where he is vicious we must correct him; where he is capable and successful we must encourage and reward him. Any other course toward him would be fraught with infinite harm for everybody in interest. The oppressor would suffer to as great a degree as the oppressed. The obligation of the negro is quite as plain. He must not content himself with obeying the law - which, however, should at all times be his first consideration - but he must withhold his countenance from those of his race who break the law. He must actively support the ministers of the law, and make himself thus an agent in the strengthening of order and progress. When he does this he serves himself and everybody else. Less than this he cannot afford to do. The President is particularly happy upon the point that justice to the negro has no connection whatever with the question of the social status of the two races. That, as he shows, is quite beyond the influence of legislation, even if legislators were foolish enough to take it up, and will continue to be regulated by the supreme council of individual choice and common sense. Men of the type of Gov. Vardaman betray the weakness of their cause by raising the spook of social equality in an attempt to deprive the negro of the opportunities and rewards of education and good conduct. Those who were expecting the President to speak on the subject of the nullification of the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments to the Constitution are disappointed, but must upon a moment's reflection concede that upon that subject, if he is to treat it directly and definitely, he owes the first word to Congress. Maybe we shall get it next fall or winter. There is no hurry. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. D., AUGUST 20, 1905 - PART 1. [*502*] MANY NEGRO PROBLEMS JUDGE TERRELL SPEAKS AT NATIONAL LEAGUE CONVENTION. At the annual convention of the National Negro Business League, just concluded at New York, there were many present Washingtonians and much local interest was manifested in the proceedings. During the first day's session the "servant girl problem" was discussed and a paper was read by Mr. O. G. Villard, editor of the New York Evening Post. Mr. Villard's views were enthusiastically received. Justice of the Peace R. H. Terrell of this city took the floor and responded in behalf of the convention. Judge Terrell said in part: "I think that if no other paper had been read at this meeting that this business men's conference would have been a success after listening to the splendid paper which has been read by Mr. Villard. I say this because I have come in contact with this servant problem, not only indirectly but directly. I went into the hotel to work as a boy struggling for an education at the age of eleven years. I stayed there until I rose to the dignity of a head waiter (and all you know what a pompous dignity that is). In my experience as a head waiter I found it a most difficult problem to deal with the waiters under my care and to keep them from asserting an air of excessive independence. The men would say when they did not do their work properly and had to be censured for it that 'I am not married to this job; I can get a place somewhere else.' And I have been anxious to attend the meetings of the Head Waiters' Association in order that I might urge upon them the necessity of preaching at all times the doctrine to the men under them that they must do their work well if they want to maintain these jobs, that all men are struggling for, including the Irish, the German, the Italian, and the French. Servant Girl Problem. "Day after day I have dealt with this servant problem. Colored girls and colored young men are constantly coming before my court claiming wages from their masters, and when the matter is brought to trial it is found that in three cases out of five the servant is at fault. The evidence clearly goes to show that the servant frequently goes out and stays all night - goes off in the summer time to picnics, neglects her work, and in many cases the employer has to go to work without his breakfast. And yet that same servant comes into court and claims wages for a whole month and says that she has been dismissed 'without cause.' "When I was a boy in Washington there was no such thing as a white butler or a coachman, and those who are here from Washington can tell you that under the present regime the butlers and waiters and servants of Washington are mostly white. And why? Because the people who have money to pay for services of this kind will pay it to people who are going to do it best; and we need not say that the same argument should obtain in the case when a white girl is found to be inefficient, for that does not justify the shortcomings of our servants. We have this condition to face: There are 90,000 colored people in the city of Washington; indeed, the police census says 98,000. And of this number, I am sorry to say, there are 25,000 who don't work and won't work. Now, that is one side of it. On the other hand, we know that there are cases, of course, where employers are often unfair to their servants; where they treat their servants meanly occasionally; where they don't give the girls decent rooms in which to live, and where they don't treat them well. But that is no reason why our girls should not do their whole duty. Negro Can't Employ Negro. "Now here is a most serious phase and I am satisfied almost every man in this house will agree with me when I say that the most serious phase of this servant question is the fact that it is almost impossible to get colored men and colored women to work for members of their own race. I am sorry to be compelled to say this in the presence of white men, because it is the deepest indication of a lack of self-respect. The idea is a sad one to contemplate, that colored men and colored women who desire and have the means to pay for help are not able to get it from their own people. I know a family in Washington almost white in complexion who are identified with our race and who employed a servant. The servant thought that the woman with whom she had made arrangements for employment was white, and this colored servant worked form them very well until one day a black gentleman, accompanying the head of the house, came into tow, and when the colored waitress walked into the dining room and saw who her employers really were she dropped the tray, breaking it and all the dishes. She walked out of that house, did not even ask for her pay, and never came back. I knew of another case where a colored family wanted to hire a wash woman. They inserted an advertisement in the newspaper to that effect. When a colored woman came in answer thereto she asked, 'Are you Mrs. So and So - are you the lady of the house?' And when informed that she was the Mrs. So and So who wanted a wash woman the applicant promptly replied, 'Lady, I can't wash for you; I am in society myself.' "I thereupon call upon all of our colored preachers - the men who have the most potent influence over our people - and I would urge them to tell these girls and to tell the boys of our race that they must do their work well or they will be driven out of employment. I would urge them to tell these boys and girls that no kind of honest labor is a disgrace, neither is it a reproach or a shame to work for their own people." [*000251*] VOL. 8, NO. 42. [*620*] PHILADELPHIA, PA., THURSDAY, DEC. 15, 1904 WHY NEGROES LEAVE FARMS AND FLOCK TO THE CITIES Some Reasons Are Suggested by Booker Washington Tuskegee Educator Also Suggests How the Negroes May Be Kept in the Country. (FROM THE ATLANTA CONSTITUTION.) Editor Constitution : Recent industrial changes bring into prominence two facts, first, that the south is likely for all time to be the cotton center of the world, and, second that the continued increase in the use of cotton goods among all nations will give to every acre of land in the south a value that it has not heretofore possessed. With these facts in mind, a natural inquiry is, what can the negro do to help forward the interests of the south, and what the white man can do to help the negro and himself? I shall hope to suggest an answer to both these questions. A few days ago I spent a day in one of the rural counties of Georgia and heard a great deal of discussion about the scarcity of efficient farm labor. After spending the day in the county I returned to Atlanta for the night. Between 10 and 11 o'clock I made a tour through Decatur street and several streets in that vicinity. I think I do not exaggerate when I say that I found in and near Decatur street enough people who were not regularly employed to operate successfully a hundred of the largest plantations in the state of Georgia. This single example would mean little except that it represents a condition more or less prevalent in practically all of our larger cities and in all southern states. As an economic problem, we have one the one hand a surplus of idle labor in the cities and on the other much vacant land, unpicked cotton and a scarcity of farm labor; it is a tremendously difficult situation. The problem of changing these conditions confront not only the south, and it is not by any means confined to my race, but for the present I desire to deal with it manly as it affects my race and the land-owners white or black. In order that what I may say on this subject be of value to the white man or to my own race, I shall have to ask the privilege of perfect-frankness. The many subjects affecting the interests of both races require perfect frankness on both sides. Your readers will agree with me, I think, when I say that it is possible for a negro to know more of the feelings and motives of colored people than a white man can possibly know. In my recent visit to Atlanta I did that which I have often done in large cities of the South wherever I have found a floating class of colored people. I made individual inquiry as to why they preferred an uncertain existence in a city to a life of comparative prosperity upon a farm, either as owners, as renters or laborers. While I shall not attempt to use their exact words, I sum up the reasons they gave me in a few sentences. Just now the South is in the midst of the season when land owners are making plans for another year's crop, some of the matters that were brought out and which I shall try to discuss a little fully and maybe with profit to land owners. In the South, as elsewhere there are two classes, those whom labor that shall promote the prosperity and happiness of both races in the aim of this article. To return to the main complaints of the colored people as they have stated them to me time and time again. These people who have talked may be right, they may be wrong, they may state facts, or they may state untruths; but this I know, they present the attitude of a large class of colored people, who give the following as chief reasons for leaving the farms: Poor dwelling houses, loss of earnings each year because of unscrupulous employers, high priced provisions, poor school houses, short school terms, poor school teachers, bad treatment generally, lynchings and whitecapping, fear of the practice of peonage, a general lack of police protection and want of encouragement. Let us assume that these conditions do exist in some sections and with certain individual planters. As a mere matter of dollars and cents, if for no higher reason, I believe that it will pay every owner of a plantation throughout the South to see to it that the houses of the tenants are not only made comfortable, but attractive in a degree. The land owner who thinks that he can secure the best class of colored people when he provides only a broken down one room cabin for them to live in, will find himself mistaken. The chances are the planter who provides a comfortable house for his tenants will keep them much longer and will have a more reliable service. The matter of being cheated out of his earnings at the end of the year is, of course, a complaint that is hard to discuss and I know it is likely to involve much exaggeration, and the more ignorant the aggrieved person is, the more given is he to such complaint and exaggeration, but I must not conceal the fact that such feeling is deep and widespread, and I ought to make the same statement regarding the high prices charged during the year for provisions, etc., supplied. Some of the colored people who have migrated into the cities give as their reason for leaving the country the poor school facilities in the rural communities. In practically every large city in the South the colored man is enabled by public missionary and private schools to keep his child in school eight or nine months in the year. Not only is this true, but the school houses are comfortable and the teachers are efficient. In many of the rural communities, the location of the school house is far from the home of the child, the building is uncomfortable, the term lasts but four or five months and the teacher's salary is so small that it generally invites a most inefficient class of teachers. I know one community that has had great trouble this year in getting cotton pickers and other laborer, and inquiry reveals the fact that the negro children in that community were in school last year only four months, and the teacher received from the public fund but $11 per month for his services. Under such conditions that there is a good teacher regularly employed; where the school fund is not large enough to supply a good school house, they should extend the school term and provide a first class, moral teacher. Further, it will pay to ad the way in seeing that reasons facilities are otherwise provid This, I re t, will lead to a dema d for and increase of efficiency force. Financially there wil soon be a great difference in the price of land when there are tena is bidding for opportunities instead of going to cities as now. Wherever it is practicable, I would urge that at least a primary course in agriculture be given in every country school. This would lead to a love of farm work and of country life. Again many are not on the farms, as they say, because they have not been treated fairly. To illustrate: I recall that some years ago a certain white farmer asked me to secure for him a young man to work about the house and to work in the field. The young man was secured, a bargain was entered into to the effect that he was to be paid a certain sum monthly and his board and lodging furnished as well. At the end of the colored boy's first day on the farm he returned. I asked the reason, and he said that after working all the afternoon he was handed a buttered biscuit for his supper and no place was provided for him to sleep. At night he was told he could find a place to sleep in the fodder loft. This white farmer, whom I know well, ins not a cruel man and seeks generally to do the right thing but in this case he simply overlooked the fact that it would have paid him in dollars and cents to give some thought and attention to the comfort of his helper. This case is more or less typical, Had this boy been well cared for he would have so advertised the place that other would have sought work there. The readers of your paper know too well that in a few counties of several of our southern states there has been snch a reign of lawlessness led by white-cappers and lynchers that many of the best colored people have been driven from their homes and have sought in large cities safety and police protection. In too many cases the colored people who have been molested have been those who by their thrift and diligence have secured homes and other property. These colored people have been oppressed in most instances not by the property-holding, intelligent white people, but by the worst and most shiftless element of whites. Have the higher class of whites escaped responsibility for letting their affairs be controlled by the worst element? The practice of peonage in a few counties of the south has also caused a fear among an element of the colored people that prevents their going into, or remaining in, the country districts that they may be forced to labor involuntarily and without proper remuneration. I have said that such lawless conditions exist in only a "few" counties in the south, and I use the word advisedly. the majority of the counties in life and property are ju anywhere in the Unite the harm comes beca spread noteriety that communities and given the south, and t spread the idea generally a colored peo that if they wa is rarely committed by the colored man who has education and own property. I have not failed either to say to the colored people on more than one occasion. "We should see to it that crime in all its phases is condemned by the race, and a public sentiment kept alive that will make it impossible for a criminal to be shielded or protected by any member of the race, at any time, or in any place." Few white people realize how far a little encouragement goes in helping to make better and more useful citizens of the colored people. Some months ago I recall that I listened for an hour to a white man in the south who was making a political speech. He was in a state where revised constitution had disfranchised nineteen-twentieths of the colored voters fifteen years ago and there was not the slightest chance of any political "uprising," or even opposition on the part of the colored people, yet two-thirds of this man's address was devoted to ridicule and abuse of the colored people. The sad feature of such an address lay in the fact that in many parts of the country such a speech is taken seriously. To most of those who heard it and to those who knew the man in that community it did no special harm, for the people knew that his talk did not tally with his actions, but he had become so accustomed to making that kind of speech that he repeated by force of habit. This man had drawn his first life's sustenance form the breast of a colored woman had been reared by one, and at that moment he had dozens of the best colered people in that section, on his plantations, an one of whom would have laid down their lives for him, and the man himself would have fought to the death in defense of these colored servants of his. Every year these same laborers were making him richer and richer by their patient, faithful labor, and he would trust them with all that he possessed. In this community the negroes have never made an unavailing appeal to this man for aid in building churches or school houses, or in supporting a school, for white men anywhere in the world in their actual daily practice had done more to help the black man. Yet, such a speech read in the newspapers at a distance would give the impression to thousands of colored laborers that the county of which the speaker lived was for them absolutely unsafe. Such a speech was not calculated to gain a single vote, but it was calculated, in my opinion to lose to the community a good many bales of cotton. I repeat that few understand how much good could be accomplished in the way of helping the colored people to lead law-abiding and useful lives if more white people would take occasion both in private and in public to praise their good qualities instead of reviling and ridiculing them. In regard to the duties and obligations of my own people, I would say that unless they realise fully the opportunities that are before them in the south and seize every chance to mprove their methods of labor, time will come when Italians nd other foreigners will attempt to displace them in the labor work of the south just as the Chinese are displacing the negro in South Africa. One charge frequently brought against us is that we cannot be depended upon for constant and unini- our people should change. I hope I may be pardoned for speaking so plainly and in so much detail and at such length, but I believe that the south is one the eve of a season of prosperity, such as it never before experienced, and that by mutual understanding and sympathetic co-operation each of these two races of the south can help forward the interests of the other, and thus cement a friendship between them that shall be an object lessoo for all the world. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. Tukegee, Alabama, November 21, 1904. the negro and himself? I shall hope to suggest an answer to both these questions. A few days ago I spent a day in one of the rural counties of Georgia and heard a great deal of discussion about the scarcity of efficient farm labor. After spending the day in the county I returned to Atlanta for the night. Between 10 and 11 o'clock I made a tour through Decatur street and several streets in that vicinity. I think I do not exaggerate when I say that I found in and near Decatur street enough people who were not regularly employed to operate successfully a hundred of the largest plantations in the state of Georgia. This single example would mean little except that it represents a condition more or less prevalent in practically all of our larger cities and in all southern states. As an economic problem, we have on the one hand a surplus of idle labor in cities and on the other much vacant land, unpicked cotton and a scarcity of farm labor; it is a tremendously difficult situation. The problem of changing these conditions confront not only the south, and it is not by any means confined to my race, but for the present I desire to deal with it manly as it affects my race and the land-owners white or black. In order that what I may say on this subject be of value to the white man or to my own race, I shall have to ask the privilege of perfect-frankness. The many subjects affecting the interests of both races require perfect frankness on both sides. Your readers will agree with me, I think, when I say that it is possible for a negro to know more of the feelings and motives of colored people than a white man can possibly know. In my recent visit to Atlanta I did that which I have often done in large cities of the South wherever I have found a floating class of colored people. I made individual inquiry as to why they preferred an uncertain existence in a city to a life of comparative prosperity upon a farm, either as owners, as renters or laborers. While I shall not attempt to use their exact words, I sum up the reasons they gave me in a few sentences. Just now the South is in the midst of the season when land owners are making plans for another year's crop, some of the matters that were brought out and which I shall try to discuss a little fully and maybe with profit to land owners. In the South, as elsewhere, there are two classes, those whom labor seeks and those who have to seek labor. The first group is compartively small, but such a class exists; it can and ought to be increased. There are, in my opinion, two classes of faults as between white farmers and black labor, one on the part of the white people, the other on the part of the black people. To find and states faults, however, is easy. To suggest a remedy, one loss of earnings each year because of unscrupulous employers, high priced provisions, poor school houses, short school terms, poor school teachers, bad treatment generally, lynchings and whitecapping, fear of the practice of peonage, a general lack of police protection and want of encouragement. Let us assume that these conditions do exist in some sections and with certain individual planters. As a mere matter of dollars and cents, if for no higher reason, I believe it will pay every owner of a plantation throughout the South to see to it that the houses of the tenants are not only made comfortable, but attractive in a degree. The land owner who thinks he can secure the best class of colored people, when he provides only a broken down one room cabin for them to live in, will find himself mistaken. The chances are the planter who provides a comfortable house for his tenants will keep them much longer and will have a more reliable service. The matter of being cheated out of his earnings at the end of the year is, of course, a complaint that is hard to discuss and I know it is likely to involve much exaggeration, and the more ignorant the aggrieved person is, the more given is he to such complaint and exaggeration, but I must not conceal the fact that such feeling is deep and widespread, and I ought to make the same statement regarding the high prices charged during the year for provisions, etc., supplied. Some of the colored people who have migrated into the cities give as their reason for leaving the country the poor school facilities in the rural communities. In practically every large city in the South the colored man is enabled by public missionary and private schools to keep his child in school eight or nine months in the year. Not only is this true, but the school houses are comfortable and the teachers are efficient. In many of the rural communities, the location of the school house is far from the home of the child, the building is uncomfortable, the term lasts but four or five months and the teacher's salary is so small that it generally invites a most inefficient class of teachers. I know one community that has the great trouble this year in getting cotton pickers and other laborer, and inquiry reveals the fact that the negro children in that community were in school last year only four months, and the teacher received from the public fund but $11 per month for his services. Under such conditions who can blame a large number of colored people for leaving the plantations of the country districts? Purely as an economic proposition, I believe that it will not only pay the land-owner of the south, either as individuals, or by united effort, to see that good school houses are provided on or near their plantations that the school is kept open six or eight months in a year, and [top of column cut off] to work in the field. The young man was secured, a bargain was entered into to the effect that he was to be paid a certain sum monthly and his board and lodging furnished as well. At the end of the colored boy's first day on the farm he returned. I asked the reason, and he said that after working all the afternoon he was handed a buttered biscuit for his supper and no place was provided for him to sleep. At night he was told he could find a place to sleep in the fodder loft. This white farmer, whom I know well, is not a cruel man and seeks generally to do the right thing but in this case he simply overlooked the fact that it would have paid him in dollars and cents to give some thought and attention to the comfort of his helper. This case is more or less typical. Had this boy Ben well cared for he would have so advertised the place that others would have sought work there. The readers of your paper know too well that in a few counties of several of our southern states there has been such a reign of lawlessness led by white-capers and lynchers that many of the best colored people have been driven from their homes and have sought in large cities safety and police protection. In too many cases the colored people who have secured homes and other property. These colored people have been oppressed in most instances not by the property-holding, intelligent white people, but by the worst and most shiftless element of whites. Have the higher class of whites escaped responsibility for letting their affairs be controlled by the worst element? The practice of peonage in a few counties of the South has also caused a fear among an element of the colored people that prevents their going into, or remaining in, the country districts that they may be forced to labor involuntarily and without proper remuneration. I have said that such lawless conditions exist in only a "few" counties in the south, and I use the word advisedly. [?] majority of the counties in [?] life and property are [?] anywhere in the United [?] the harm comes because [?] spread notoriety that [?] communities and [?] given the south, and [?] spread the idea generally [?] colored people that if they [?] police [?] when they are charged with [?] or under suspicion they most hastily seek the confines of a city. I repeat that fear has stripped some counties of its most valuable colored labor and left the dregs of that population. in the matter of law and order, my constant appeal is that there be hearty co-operation between the best whites and the best blacks. Nothing is clearer than that crime [?] abuse of the colored people. The sad feature of such an address lay in the fact that in many parts of the country such a speech is taken seriously. To most of those who heard it and to those who knew the man in that community it did no special harm, for the people knew that his talk did not tally with his actions, but he had become so accustomed to making that kind of speech that he repeated by force of habit. This man had drawn his first life's sustenance from the breast of a colored woman, had been reared by one, and at that moment he had dozens of the best colored people in that section, on his plantations, any one of whole would have laid down their lives for him, and the man himself would have fought to the death in defense of these colored servants of his. Every year these same laborers were making him richer and richer by their patient, faithful labor, and he would trust them with all that he possessed. In this community the negroes have never made an unavailing appeal to this man for aid in building churches or school houses, or in supporting a school, for white men anywhere in the world in their actual daily practice had done more to help the black man. Yet, such a speech read in the newspapers at a distance would give the impression to thousands of colored laborers that the county of which the speaker lived was for them absolutely unsafe. Such a speech was not calculated to gain a single vote, but it was calculated, in my opinion to lose to the community a good many bales of cotton. I repeat that few understand how much good could be accomplished in the way of helping the colored people to lead law-abiding and useful lives if more white people would take occasion both in private and in public to praise their good qualities instead of reviling and ridiculing them. In regard to the duties and obligations of my own people, I would say that unless they realize fully the opportunities that are before them in the south and seize every chance to improve their methods of labor, [?] time will come when Italians and other foreigners will attempt to displace them in the labor work of the south just as the Chinese are displacing the negro in South Africa. One charge frequently brought against us is that we cannot be depended upon for constant and uninterrupted labor; that an excursion or other excitement will take laborers from the very places where their services are most needed. The complaint is frequently made that if paid on Saturday night the laborers will probably not return to work until all the cash received has been expended, and that on the plantation the colored tenants take little interest in caring for the property of the landlord. These things [*501*] THE EVENING AROUSED BY TILLMAN Delivers One of His Characteristic Speeches. FOLLOWS MR. M'COMAS DEFENDS ELECTION METHODS IN THE SOUTH Shakes His Fist at the Other Side and Dares Any One to Say He Would Do Differently. When the Senate convened today Mr. Cullom, chairman of the foreign relations committee, reported favorably a bill making appropriations for the diplomatic and consular service of the United States in the republic of Cuba. The salary of the minister is fixed at $12,000. Mr. Spooner (Wis.) offered an amendment odd at 3 o'clock as Mr. Tillman continued his scathing denunciation. On the democratic side there were in their seats only two democratic senators. One by one they had left the chamber to go into the cloak-room, or out of hearing. Besides a couple of democratic senators in their seats, a couple of others stood in the rear of the chamber in private conversation. On the other hand, the republicans side filled up very rapidly, and at 3 o'clock there were probably three-quarters of all the republican senators in their places. Mr. Tillman addressed his remarks with his face turned to the republican side, and apparently did not notice that the democrats had deserted the chamber. THE HOUSE Some routine business was transacted at the opening of the session of the House today. The Senate amendment to the bill to authorize municipalities in the Indian territory with 2,000 inhabitants or over to issue bonds was agreed to. A bill was passed to change the terms of the district court within the first judicial district. Mr. Sherman (N. Y.) called up the conference report upon the Indian appropriation bill. Mr. Little (Ark.), one of the conferees, did not sign the report, owing to his opposition to certain of its features, and it was arranged that there should be an hour's debate upon a side. Mr. Little was especially antagonistic to the Senate [?] ment to open up the Uint[?] vation of 2,000,000 [?] DIOGENES, HUNTING FOR AN HONEST MAN, FINDS HIM IN THE AMERICAN SENATE. [*505*] Governor, and stumped the State, county by county, in joint debate with the candidate of the opposition. Those were no pink tea affairs. Bullies were hired to set upon him. Traps were laid to ensnare him. Bribes were dangled to entice him. It was war against the combined political, social, financial and traditional power of his State. The farmers were in revolt, led by a one-legged farmer armed with a pitchfork. The farmers won. It is Tillman's own testimony that his hardest trial came after he had been elected Governor. He faced a corrupt Legislature, and he denounced it to the people. He was in turn himself accused of corruption, an accusation which he met with defiance. "Let the people decide that," said Tillman. UPHELD BY PEOPLE The people's verdict was not to be mistaken, and since that day the accusation has not been repeated. The Legislature was reformed. The grafters were thrown out. The people had returned to power, and they sent Tillman to the Senate. Why is Tillman? He is, because he is the people's protest against graft. He is, because the people have perfect confidence that he is honest. He is not brilliant. He is not clever. He is not eloquent - except in the sense that "eloquence is the man." He is not diplomatic, or polished, or tactful. He is not discreet, or learned, or wise with the wisdom of books. He is honest. That is all. But that is a lot in public life. Political and personal honesty is a mighty asset these days - and I believe in all days. Tillman is a man of character. He is rugged. He is strong with the strength of the granite cliff which looms scarred and unlovely against the sky. He is strong with the strength of the man with one idea. Tillman is eloquent with the eloquence of real conviction. He speaks to get rid of his thoughts; not to weave a beauteous tapestry of words. So he is heard, even in the Senate, when the Depews and Forakers address empty chairs. But it is said of Tillman that he is vulgar. What of it? What is vulgar? "Pertaining to the mul[titu]de or common people." - (Cent- [??] tionary.) That is what he [?] multitude or common [??'] has been his boast And why should it not? The fling is at his constituents, not at him. No one could glance at Benj. R. Tillman and doubt that he is a fighter. His visage is seamed, his jaw square and set, and when aroused to action he has a way of thrusting it forward that suggests the bulldog. Let one of his colleagues mention negro suffrage, and the onlooker will be reminded of a vicious watchdog emerging from his kennel, growling and showing his teeth. Let his colleague continue the offensive topic, taking an incidental kick at the South; Tillman is out of his seat and half way up the middle aisle. His brows have knitted into a menacing frown, his lips curl with an expression of savage hate, his solitary eye gleams like a coal; his whole attitude is a menace. At such a moment he is not a pleasant object to behold. And what he says will not be pleasant for the other party to hear. But Benjamin. R. Tillman is no zealot. He has the saving grace of humor. He is possessed of a sane, wholesome mind and a kind and genial disposition. He fights and forgives. He is too big to cherish many personal animosities. He respects and admires the superior attributes of an opponent. His warmest friends are found among such men as Spooner and Chandler - the latter of whom is a trusted advisor, the former a constant opponent in debate, and never admitted to his councils. He admires a strong man, though he be an enemy. Yes; the Senate has here and there its honest man. There is [*Miss Master's Girls School Dobbs Ferry*] 1906- PAGE 4. [*505*] LMAN, HONEST FARME IS HONESTY BY ..[?] got the water cure in South Carolina," continued Mr. Tillman. "There has been some talk of a sand cure, but I want to say to you that when we think it is necessary to put a 'nigger's head in the sand we put in his whole body.'" "Poverty has demoralized the south," declared Mr. Tillman. "Wealth has made you rotton." "Does the Senator make any personal application of that remark?" inquired Mr. Spooner, smiling. "'You' is a collective term, embracing every man and member of this body who upholds this infamous policy in the Philippines," replied Mr. Tillman. In Slavery Days. He said that if he could restore slavery in the south by the simple signing of his name he would not do it. But as he looked back upon the plantation upon which he was brought up, where there were 100 slaves, he could remember nothing of such cruelty as had been told by Harriet Beecher Stowe in "Uncle Tom's Cabin," and by other abolitionist. He could remember that there was kindness toward the slaves and that an effort was made to give them as good clothes as possible, [?] of food and take care of them in sickness and the proof of the kind of feeling [?] people of the south was shown by the [?] duct of the 4,000,000 of slaves when southern states seceded. Those slaves had been left on the plantations by their masters who went into the army. They were left there in charge of the work, in charge of the helpless women and children, and yet there was not a single instance on record in which any negro man had been guilty of any act which could be construed into a crime. There was no rape, no murder and nothing to reflect upon the condition of friendliness and love that existed between the master's family and the slaves he held. Present Conditions. "Now, with your doctrine of equality of man, what is the condition that we find?" continued Mr. Tillman. "Jefferson did not believe in this doctrine, because he was a slave holder when he wrote the Declaration of Independence. But what has been the effect of this new-fangled idea of the equality of man? Now the negro has got an idea that he is as good as the white man, or better than a white man, and he has been taught that the southern whites have been cruel to the negroes of the south, and that they, being equal to the whites, should control the governments in the southern states. "What has come from this? There is not a day we no not read of some horrible crime being committed by one of these poor wretches. Within the shadow of the dome of this Capitol there have been two rapes by negroes, followed by murder. This is the result of your new-fangled doctrine about the equality of negroes and white men." Democrats Leave, Republicans Stay. The appearance of the Senate was very [?]difficulty of attempting to defeat a complete conference report, he said, he would nevertheless appeal to the House to vote the report down. He said the Senate provision confirmed the leases of certain mining companies, and in one case gave the Raven Company the privilege of locating 100 mining claims before the observation was opened to settlement. That provision, he said, would give this favored company opportunity to prospect the whole reservation before it was opened. Many of the most profitable leases in the reservation had been consolidated, he said, into the Florence Mining Company, which contained in its original directory Henry [?] Payne, no Postmaster General, and Benj. B. Odell, now governor of New York. They had, he said, since resigned. Mr. Little declared that the whole proposition was a venal one. Mr. Sutherland (Utah) replied to Mr. Little, supporting the provisions in the bill and defending the mining companies, whose rights, he insisted, should be recognized. Mr. McRae (Ark.) also opposed the adoption of the conference report, which, he declared, proposed to legalize leases obtained by conspiracy. This legislation, he said, would bring "shame and disgrace" upon Congress. Mr. Stephens (Texas) concluded the debate in opposition to the report, protesting vigorously against its adoption. Mr. Sherman, in charge of the conference report, defended it and urged the House not to vote down a report covering 95 items on account of objection to a single one. The provision complained of, he said, involved only 2,640 acres out of 2,700,000 acres. Report Adopted. The conference report on the Indian appropriation bill was adopted - 97 to 85. limestone trimmings. The interior finish in all the rooms will be quartered oak., with upper walls of plaster or imitation stone. On entering the building from Freemason Street one will pass through a high porch, which leads to a hall on the basement floor, from which a staircase leads to the main floor. In the basement is located the children's reading room and directors' room, the boiler room, and heating apparatus. In the main hall there will be a general reading room on the right and a reference reading room on the left. The delivery hall will be located in the center. In the rear of this will be the stack room, with the librarian's and cataloguing room on the left side and reading room on the right. The main staircase will be of marble, with an ornamental iron rail. This will lead to the delivery hall, which will be paved with marble mosaic. Around the cornice of the front of the building will be cut the names of "Virgil," "Norfolk Public Library," and "Homer." On the Thomas Street side will be cut the names of Emerson, Whittier, Lowell, Longfellow, Hawthorne, Irving, and Bryant. According to the terms of the contract, the building is not to cost over $45,000, a nd of this amount the architect is to receive 5 per cent. PARROT SLAYS A ANOTHER OU [?] Avenge Presence of Rival With Fatal Vigor. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Jan. 2. - Fear that it would be superseded by a turkey caused a pet parrot to [?][?] LAG A DIRTY RAG 504 Hell an Improvement on the United States. Bishop Turner, Negro, Who Says These Things, Frothing Against White Men, Himself Seems Rather Fiery Inside. (By the Associated Press.) Macon, Ga., Feb 15. - In an address before the five hundred delegates attending the convention of negroes in this city, to discuss racial problems, Bishop H.M. Turner declared the American flag to be a dirty and contemptible rag. He further said that hell was an improvement on the United States when the negro was involved. In closing he said: "If a little ignorant and stupid white man who was never heard of and never would be heard of until ten thousand years after the resurrection trumpet, wishes a little notoriety he begins to belle and slander the negro and bounds into popularity. And I challenge any one or all of them to meet me in public discussion and [?] will show that the negro is a [?] better man than they are." TILLMAN THROWS A FEW BOUQUETS AT HIMSELF 503 Says He Told "Long-Nosed Yankees" What Was What. COLUMBUS, Ga., Jan. 2. - Senator Tillman of South Carolina, in a lecture here on "The Negro Problem," said: "Oh, the Republican hypocrisy in dealing with negroes in Porto Rico, compared with their policy to negroes at home! You may have read about a speech I made last June on this question, when the Democratic Senators were said to have retired to the cloakroom to show their disapproval of what I I said. You Southern people would have gloried in what I said had you been there. It has been one of the most exquisite pleasures of my life in lecturing in the North to tell the plain facts about the negro and show up the Yankee's hypocrisy on this question." Discussing the negro question, he said deportation was not practical, and it would bankrupt the white people to educate the negroes to be good citizens, as was planned by some. He thought, however, that as the negroes acquire more and more book learning the negro question will arise again, more dangerous than ever. "It will hardly come in my generation, but it will come." He said in conclusion: "I don't know how this negro problem will be solved, but one thing is as absolutely fixed to me as that tomorrow's sun will rise: There are not enough long-nosed Yankees in or out of to keep the white men of the South from controlling the South." 5. Speeches by Noted Men 501. Aroused by Tillman 502. Many Negro Problems, Terrell 503. Tillman throws bouquets at himself. 504. Play a Dirty Rag (Turner) 505. Honesty by Poverty (Tillman) 506. Roosevelt's Inaugural Address The Sunday Star, Washington, D.C., August 20, 1905 -- Part 1. 502. Many Negro Problems --------------- Judge terrell Speaks at Na- Tional League Convention. --------------- At the annual convention of the National Negro Business League, just concluded at New York, there were present many Wash- ingtonians and much local interest was manifested in the proceedings. During the first day's session the "servant girl prob- lem" was discussed and a paper was read by Mr. O. G. Villard, editor of the New York Evening Post. Mr. Villard's views were enthusiastically received. Justice of the Peace R. H. Terrell of this city took the floor and responded in behalf of the convention. Judge Terrell said in part: "I think that if no other paper had been read at this meeting that this business men's conference would have been a suc- cess after listening to the splendid paper which has been read by Mr. Villard. I say this because I have come in contact with this servant problem, not only indirectly but directly. I went into the hotel to work as a boy struggling for an education at the age of eleven years. I stayed there until I rose to the dignity of a head waiter (and all you know what a pompous dignity that is). In my experience as a head waiter I found it was a most difficult problem to deal with the waiters under my care and to keep them from asserting an air of exces- sive independence. The men would say when they did not do their work properly and had to be censured for it that 'I am not married to this job; I can get a place somewhere else.' And I have been anxious to attend the meetings of the Head Wait- ers' Association in order that I might urge upon them the necessity of preaching at all times the doctrine to the men under them that they must do their work well if they want to maintain these jobs, that all men are sruggling for, including the Irish, the German, the Italian, and the French. Servant Girl Problem. "Day after day I have dealt with this servant problem. Colored girls and colored young men are constantly coming before my court claiming wages from their mas- ters, and when the matter is brought to trial it is found that in three cases out of five the servant is at fault. The evidence clearly goes to show that the servant fre- quently goes out and stays all night-- goes off in the summer time to picnics, neglects her work, and in many cases the employer has to go to work without his breakfast. And yet that same servant comes into court and claims wages for a whole month and says that she has been dismissed 'without cause.' "When I was a boy in Washington there was no such thing as a white butler or a coachman, and those who are here from Washington can tell you that under the present regime the butlers and waiters and servants of Washington are mostly white. And why? Because the people who have money to pay for services of this kind will pay it to people who are going to do it best; and we need to say that the same argument should obtain in the case when a white girl is found to be inefficient, for that does not justify the shortcomings of our servants. We have this condition to face: There are 90,000 colored people in the city of Washington; indeed, the police cen- sus says 98,000. And of this number, I am sorry to say, there are 25,000 who don't work and won't work. Now, that is one side of it. On the other hand, we know that there are cases, of course, where em- ployers are often unfair to their servants; where they treat their servants meanly oc- casionally; where they don't give the girls decent rooms in which to live, and where they don't treat them well. But that is no reason why our girls should not do their whole duty. Negro Can't Employ Negro. "Now here is a most serious phase, and I am satisfied almost every man in this house will agree with me when I say that the most serious phase of this servant question is the fact that it is almost im- possible to get colored men and colored women to work for members of their own race. I am sorry to be compelled to say this in the presence of white men. because it is the deepest indication of a lack of self-respect. The idea is a sad to contemplate, that colored men and colored women who desire and have the means to pay for help are not able to get it from their own people. I know a fam- ily in Washington almost white in com- plexion who are identified with out race and who employed a servant. The serv- ant thought that the woman with whom she had made arrangements for employ- ment was white, and this colored servant worked for them very well until one day a black gentleman, accompanying the head of the house, came into town, and when the colored waitress walked into the dining room and saw who her em- ployers really were she dropped the tray, breaking it and all the dishes. She walk- ed out of that house, did not even ask for her pay, and never came back. I knew of another case where a colored family wanted to hire a wash woman. They in- serted an advertisement in the newspaper to that effect. When a colored woman came in answer thereto she asked, 'Are you Mrs. So and So-- are you the lady of the house?" And when informed that she was the Mrs. So and So who wanted a wash woman, the applicant promptly re- plied, "Lady, I can't wash for you; I am in society myself." "I thereupon call upon all of our colored preachers-- the men who have the most potent influence over our people-- and I would urge them to tell these girls and to tell the boys of our race that they must do their work well or they will be driven out of employment. I would urge them to tell these boys and girls that no kind of honest labor is a disgrace, neither is it a reproach or a shame to work for their own people." 000257 President Roosevelt's [Inaugural] Address. My Fellow Citizens: No people on earth have more cause to be thankful than ours; and this is said reverently, in no spirit of boastfulness in our own strength, but with gratitude to the Giver of God who has blessed us with the conditions which have enabled us to achieve [so] large a measure of well-being and happiness. To us as a people it has been granted to lay the foundations of our national life in a new continent. We are the [?] of the ages, and yet we have had to pay few penalties which in old counties are exacted by the dead hand of a bygone civilization. We have not been obliged to fight for our existence against any alien race; and yet our life has called for the vigor and effort without which the manlier and hardier virtues wither away. Under such conditions, it would be our own fault if we failed; and the success which we have had in the past, success which we confidently believe the future will bring, should cause in us no feeling of vainglory, but rather a deep and abiding realization of all which life has offered us; a full acknowledgment of the responsibility which is our; and a fixed determination to show that under a free government a mighty people can thrive best, alike as regards the things of the body and the things of the soul. Much has been given to us, and much will rightfully be expected from us. We have duties to others and duties to ourselves; and we can shirk neither. We have become a great nation, forced by the fact of its greatness into relations with the other nations of the earth; and we must behave as beseems a people with such responsibilities. Toward all other nations, large and small, our attitude must be one of cardinal and sincere friendship. We must show not only in our words but in our deeds that we are earnestly desirous of securing their good will by acting toward [?] [just] and generous recognition of all their rights. But justice and generosity in a nation, as in an individual, count most when shown not [?] While ever careful to refrain from wronging others, we must be no less insistent that we are not wronged ourselves. We wish peace; [?] the peace of righteousness. We wish it because we think it is right and not because we are afraid. No weak nation that acts manfully [and] [?] to fear us, and no strong power should ever be able to single us out as a subject for insolent aggression. Our relations with the other powers of the world are important; but still [?] relations among ourselves. Such growth in wealth, in population and in power as this nation has seen during the century and a quarter of [?] inevitably accompanied by a like growth in the problems which are ever before every nation that rises to greatness. Power invariably means both [responsibility] and danger. Our forefathers faced certain perils which we have out-grown. We now face other perils the very existence of which it was impossible that they [should] forsee. Modern life is both complex and intense, and the tremendous changes wrought by the extraordinary industrial development of the last half-century are felt in every fiber of our social and political being. Never before have men tried so vast and formidable an experiment as that of administering the affairs of a continent under the forms of a democratic republic. The conditions which have told for our marvelous material well-being, which have developed to a very high degree our energy, self-reliance and individual initiative, have also brought the care and anxiety inseparable from the accumulation of great wealth in industrial centers. Upon the success of our experiment much depends; not only as regards our own welfare, but as regards the welfare of mankind. if we fail, the cause of free self-government throughout the world will rock to its foundations; and therefore our responsibility is heavy, to ourselves, to the world as it is today and to the generations yet unborn. There is no good reason why we should fear the future, but there is every reason why we should face it seriously, neither hiding from ourselves the gravity of the problems before us nor fearing to approach these problems with the unbending, unflinching purpose to solve them aright. Yet, after all, though the problems are new, though the task set before differ from the tasks set before our father who founded and preserved this republic, the spirit in which these tasks must be undertaken and these problems faced, if our duty is to be well done remains essentially unchanged. We know that self-government is difficult. We know that no people needs such high traits of character as that people which seeks to govern its affairs aright through the freely expressed will of the freemen who compose it. But we have faith that we shall not prove false to the memories of the men of the mighty past. They did their work, they left us the splendid heritage we now enjoy. We in our turn have an assured confidence that we shall be able to leave this heritage unwasted and enlarged to our children and our children's children. To do so we must show, not merely in great crises, but in the every-day affairs of life, the qualities of practical intelligence, of courage, of hardihood and endurance, and above all the power of devotion to a lofty ideal which made great the men who founded this republic in the days of Washington, which made great the men who preserved this republic in the days of Abraham Lincoln. [ment."?] [?ding] and [?enlight-] __________________________ Gen. Davis Urges 'Colored' As Designation of Race By the Associated Press BOSTON, Feb. 18--Brig. Gen. Benjamin O. Davis of Washington, highest ranking colored officer in the United States Army, told an audience observing National Negro History Week last night that "it is up to the Government we have so generously supported to secure for all its citizens including us, equal opportunities to enjoy all privileges guaranteed to American citizens." Asserting that " * * * the public should include all of the people," the veteran of 48 years of Army service said to the Symphony Hall gathering : " * * * Think of yourselves as American, and not merely Negroes. I don't like the word 'Negro' because so many of our citizens * * * pronounce the word in such manner that it sounds like the ugly word which in the old Regular Army was the 'fight' word. "I personally prefer to be designated as an American," Gen. Davis said," and if my color has to be mentioned to describe me more accurately, I prefer the designation 'colored.' "The pronunciation of that word cannot well be designated into the ugly word we don't like." _______________________ Aurand Takes Over Giles' Post in Cairo NEWS FROM ASSEMBLY: Mrs. Terrell Gives a Fine Lecture on Harriet Beecher Stowe-- Other Exercises. __________________ The Tuesday afternoon exercises at the Chautauqua were of special interest owing to the lecture by Mrs. Mary Church Terrell. She is an entertaining and easy speaker. The exercises were opened with a solo by Miss. Donna Adair. Miss Nellie Peck Saunders gave a reading entitled "The King's Pardon." Mrs. Terrell then gave her lecture on "Harriet Beecher Stowe." The efforts of the abolitionists had failed of success. No one know better than Mrs. Stowe the interest of the people in this traffic in human flesh. So low was the banner of Christ trailing in the dust that the pulpit failed to lift its voice against the evil. Burdened with the causes of domestic life what could Mrs. Stowe do? With devoted conscience she raised her voice and attacked this great evil. The speaker then made reference to the murder of Elijah Lovejoy and a letter received by Mrs. Stowe from the wife of Edward Beecher after which she resolved to write something and use her powers against this terrible evil. There is nothing more pathetic in all literature than this story of uncle Tom's Cabin. Mrs. Stowe's book throbbed with the emotions of a woman's heart. The fate of four millions of bondman hung upon her ability to paint properly espouse the cause of the poor slave. Mrs. Terrell spoke at length of the Beecher family and the influences about Mrs. Stowe in her early life, her happy marriage and the constant sympathy and devotion of her husband their poverty and struggles with the adversities of life, the sorrows through which she passed, and how with unwavering faith in God she went forward in the path of duty, She ranked among the foremost of the American authors. She wrote forty books besides magazine and newspaper articles Mrs. Terrell is a pleasant speaker and told the story of the life and work of Mrs. Stowe impressively and said the Negro race ought to cherish her memory for she had done for them what none other had been able to do. At the conclusion of her address Prof. Amsbary was called out and gave a selection from Whitcomb Riley. 1 Walker, p. 171. 2 Sumner, p. 54. 3" A Primer of Fina[?] THE MINNEAPOLIS TRIBUNE: [*Editorial*] SUNDAY NOVEMBER 17 1900 A GEM OF MOVING ELOQUENCE. Last week's most notable event in our city was the meeting here of the executive committee of the National Woman's Council. The delegates embraced some of the most prominent women of our country, and the subjects discussed were of local, national and world-wide interest, The public sessions which were conducted according to strict parliamentary law, showed the progress that American women have made in a science once supposed to be the exclusive province of man. The afternoon and evening sessions which were open to the public were of unusual interest. The addresses of Mrs. Sewell and Mrs. Gaffney, presidents respectively of the International and National councils, were able, timely and eloquent and set forth clearly and forcibly the aims of these vast bodies of earnest, progressive women and the work they have already accomplished. While the addresses of all the speakers the palm must be conceded to Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, the colored delegate from Washington, D. C. Mrs. Terrell is a women of refined, imposing presence, the wife of a prominent lawyer, and a member of the Washington board of education, her special work being the establishment of kindergartens for colored children. Her husband, like herself, was educated at Oberlin college, that institution which has done so much for the uplifting of a down trodden race. Her subject was "The Progress of Colored Women." Taking for her text the words "Lifting as We Climb," the motto of the progressive leaders of her race, she pleaded for justice to her people in eloquent, impassioned language that moved many of her audience to tears. In beauty and refinement of diction, as well as in impressive earnestness, her appeal was a masterpiece of oratory. She did not seek to exalt the virtues of her race. She owned to a degeneracy born of long years of ignorance and servitude, and set forth the present disabilities her people are suffering from the color prejudice rife in the North, and almost a mania in the South. She demonstrated the folly of expecting a race, but a few years age freed from slavery, to rise in one short generation of freedom, to levels which the white races have reached only through the slow evolution of centuries. Her ideas of the elevation of her people conform to the practical theories of Booker Washington. There were two colored delegates to this important gathering of the leading spirits of a great organization which is formed on broad lines, and admits no invidious distinctions on account of race, creed or color. Its enthusiastic reception of Mrs. Terrell was in striking contrast to the treatment suffered last summer by Mrs. Ruffin at the Milwaukee biennial, the national reunion of the federation of Women's clubs. CENTENARY OF MRS. STOWE. President of National Association of Colored Women Favors Observance. HERALD BUREAU} WASHINGTON, June 6} An appropriate celebration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Harriet Beecher Stowe is urged by Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of this city. She is honorary president of the National Association of Colored Women and a member of the Washington school board. "The 100th anniversary of the birth of Harriet Beecher Stowe will occur June 14, 1911, " said Mrs. Terrell. "One year is none too long in which to devise ways and means fittingly to celebrate the centennial of this great and good woman's birth. "Few authors have rendered the cause of liberty such striking and signal service with the pen as did she. By the colored people of the United States her name will ever be spoken with grateful, affectionate reverence, her memory will always be cherished and her praise forever sung. "All organizations of colored women and colored men, formed for the elevation of improvement of the race along any line of human endeavor, are urgently requested to do everything in their power to make the Harriet Beecher Stowe centenary worthy of the important event which we celebrate. Suggestions concerning the exercises which should be held in schools or public assemblies of any kind will be gratefully received." [*New York*] YORK DAILY TRIBUNE FRIEND OF THE SOUTH. PRAISE FOR PRESIDENT. [*Monday, Jan.16 1905*] Alabama Judge Warmly Defends Roosevelt's Attitude. (From the Tribune Bureau) [*643*] Washington, Jan. 15.—President Roosevelt's friendliness for the South and his earnest desire that the Southern people should understand him are strongly presented by Thomas G. Jones, former Democratic Governor of Alabama, and now United States District Judge in that State. A few days ago the President asked him to come to Washington for a talk over what is called here "the Southern situation." He met at the White House other well known Southern men, among them Thomas Nelson Page, President Alderman, of the University of Virginia, and Silas McBee, Editor of "The Churchman." In an interview Judge Jones says: The President did me the honor of requesting my views on matters appertaining to the South and of his relationship to the Southern people, and I gave them freely and frankly as a Southern man, a lifelong Democrat and a Confederate soldier. As to just what he said, I do not feel at liberty to go into details. But of the meeting itself I am free to speak, indeed, I think it is my duty as a Southern man to give somewhat of an insight into the spirit which pervaded it. I wish all our people could have heard what transpired there. The participants were Democrats, Republicans, men who had been ex-Confederate, ex-Federal soldiers, men prominent in great business affairs, and men of letters. They represented all shades of opinion and religion. They had no ties in common except that they were all present friends of the President and all in hearty sympathy with a solution of the important problem of how best to remove in a manly, straightforward and honoring way the misapprehension which exists at the South as to the animus toward it of a President who has lately been voted the confidence of the American people by a stupendous majority in a contest in which his personality and character were one of the great issues, if not the chief one. No man who loves his country or desires its welfare can fail to be saddened, no matter what the cause, at the thought that the people of a large section of the country believe, for some reason, that its Chief Magistrate is unfriendly to them as a people and desirous of thrusting upon them hostile policies which sweep close around their very firesides and homes. It was a noble thing for a President, who had just gone through a fierce campaign, in which so many hard things had been said about him, sometimes from misinformation and sometimes from other motives, to initiate himself a method of better understanding between himself and such a large number of his fellow countrymen at the South. The matters discussed necessarily affected not only the President and Republicans, but also Roosevelt the man—Roosevelt, who is half Southern, and as proud of his Southern ancestry as of his Northern lineage. One remark of the President in this conference I think I ought to repeat. In discussing the ideas which so many at the South entertain of his purpose and animus, some one said: "Mr. President, you have never said a hard thing about the South." The President answered with emphasis: "I have never said any hard thing about the South; indeed, I could not, for I have never felt any such thing." Personally I have long known the sentiments and feelings of the President toward the South. But partly because acknowledgement was pending and partly from fear of being misunderstood, I have refrained until now of speaking publicly of them. You will recall some prosecutions in Alabama for peonage, an evil which has now fortunately passed almost entirely away, in which two men were sent to the penitentiary. The people in the region where it had prevailed became sponsors as it were, for the future good behavior of everybody there, and were anxious on that account for the pardon of the offenders. I reached the conclusion that that was the wisest course to pursue and wrote an earnest official letter to the President recommending a pardon. I also sent him a private communication in which I spoke of the fact that the wives and children of the two defendants had been compelled to return to their father-in-law, an old Confederate soldier with one leg, who was hardly able to earn a support for himself and his immediate family. I stated that this thought, though possibly out of place in determining whether clemency should be exercised, had appealed very strongly to me. The President promptly pardoned the two offenders. Afterward, in speaking of it, he said very earnestly to me: "Judge, I believe it gave me as much pleasure under all the circumstances, to help that old peg-legged Confederate as it gave you to ask it." No one can be with Theodore Roosevelt and talk with him about the South without being greatly impressed with the conviction that the man's heart is full of kindness for our people. He takes great satisfaction in the thought that he had it in his power to follow the son of a great cavalry leader, "Jeb" Stuart, and the grandson of Stonewall Jackson. In his appointments to the army and navy from the South, his choice has been frequently turned by the consideration that the young applicant was the son of some good Confederate soldier." The inferences which the South drew from the Booker Washington incident were freely discussed. The President is every inch a man, and his discussion of that subject was in every respect manly. I may say in this connection that we of the South cannot comprehend the feeling of the people of the North on this subject, any more than they can comprehend our feelings. Our people, living in the midst of great numbers of negroes, most of whom are ignorant, feel that in many ways the breaking down of the barriers as to things which we at the South include in the term "social intercourse" can only lead to evil. Consequently, a barrier has been erected against the race as a race as to these matters, which on grounds of inexorable necessity the people of the South have felt should admit of no exceptions, however, worthy or distinguished the individual negro. At the North, on the contrary, where there are comparatively few negroes, and numbers of them well educated, honorable and industrious, the line is very frequently drawn, not upon the race, but only upon individuals. In many communities at the North if a negro has made his mark in the world and is of good character and atainments, the highest and best people of the land do not hesitate, if he interests them, to dine with him. They do not consider this social equality in the sense that we of the South use the term "social equality." But these people, as a rule, are as averse to intermingling the blood of the two races as we are, and would shrink from it with as much abhorrence as you or I. They resent the idea as biterly as we do. The President has a high appreciation of Booker friendliness for the South and his earnest desire that the Southern people should understand him are strongly presented by Thomas G. Jones, former Democratic Governor of Alabama, and now United States District Judge in that State. A few days ago the President asked him to come to Washington for a talk over what is called here "the Southern situation." He met at the White House other well known Southern men, among them Thomas Nelson Page, President Alderman, of the University of Virginia, and Silas McBee, Editor of "The Churchman." In an interview Judge Jones says: The President did me the honor of requesting my views on matters appertaining to the South, and of his relationship to the Southern people, and I gave them freely and frankly as a Southern man, a lifelong Democrat and a Confederate soldier. As to just what he said, I do not feel at liberty to go into details. But of the meeting itself I am free to speak, indeed, I think it is my duty as a Southern man to give somewhat of an insight into the spirit which pervaded it. I wish all our people could have heard what transpired there. The participants were Democrats, Republicans, men who had been ex-Confederate, ex-Federal soldiers, men prominent in great business affairs, and men of letters. They represented all shades of opinion and religion. They had no ties in common except that they were all present friends of the President and all in hearty sympathy with a solution of the important problem of how best to remove in a manly, straightforward and honoring way the misapprehension which exists at the South as to the animus toward it of a President who has lately been voted the confidence of the American people by a stupendous majority in a contest in which his personality and character were one of the great issues, if not the chief one. No man who loves his country or desires its welfare can fail to be saddened, no matter what the cause, at the thought that the people of a large section of the country believe, for some reason, that its Chief Magistrate is unfriendly to them as a people and desirous of thrusting upon them hostile policies which sweep close around their very firesides and homes. It was a noble thing for a President, who had just gone through a fierce campaign, in which so many hard things have been said about him, sometimes from misinformation and sometimes from other motives, to initiate himself a method of better understanding between himself and such a large number of his fellow countrymen at the South. The matters discussed necessarily affected not only the President and Republicans, but also Roosevelt the man--Roosevelt, who is half Southern, and as proud of his Southern ancestry as of his Northern lineage. One remark of the President in this conference I think I ought to repeat. In discussing the ideas which so many at the South entertain of his purpose and animus, some one said: "Mr. President, you have never said a hard thing about the South." The President answered with emphasis: "I have never said any hard thing about the South; indeed, I could not, for I have never felt any such thing." Personally I have long known the sentiments and feelings of the President toward the South. But partly because acknowledgement was pending and partly from fear of being misunderstood, I have refrained until now of speaking publicly of them. You will recall some prosecutions in Alabama for peonage, an evil which has now fortunately passed almost entirely away, in which two men were sent to the penitentiary. The people in the region where it had prevailed because sponsors, as it were, for the future good behavior of everybody there, and were anxious on that account for the pardon of the offenders. I reached the conclusion that that was the wisest course to pursue and wrote an earnest official letter to the President recommending a pardon. I also sent him a private communication in which I spoke of the fact that the wives and children of the two defendants had been compelled to return to their father-in-law, an old Confederate soldier with one leg, who was hardly able to earn a support for himself and his immediate family. I stated that this thought, though possibly out of place in determining whether clemency should be exercised, had appealed very strongly to me. The President promptly pardoned the two offenders. Afterward, in speaking of it, he said very earnestly to me: "Judge, I believe it gave me as much pleasure, under all the circumstances, to help that old peg-legged Confederate as it gave you to ask it." No one can be with Theodore Roosevelt and talk with him about the South without being greatly impressed with the conviction that the man's heart is full of kindness for our people. He takes great satisfaction in the thought that he had it in his power to follow the son of a great cavalry leader, "Jeb" Stuart, and the grandson of Stonewall Jackson. In his appointments to the army and navy from the South, his choice has been frequently turned by the consideration that the young applicant was the son of some good Confederate soldier." The inferences which the South drew from the Booker Washington incident were freely discussed. The President is every inch a man, and his discussion of that subject was in every respect manly. I may say in this connection that we of the South cannot comprehend the feeling of the people of the North on this subject, any more than they can comprehend our feelings. Our people, living in the midst of great numbers of negroes, most of whom are ignorant, feel that in many ways the breaking down of the barriers as to things which we at the South include in the term "social intercourse" can only lead to evil. Consequently, a barrier has been erected against the race as a race as to these matters, which on grounds of inexorable necessity the people of the South have felt should admit of no exceptions, however worthy or distinguished the individual negro. At the North, on the contrary, where there are comparatively few negroes, and numbers of them well educated, honorable and industrious, the line is very frequently drawn, not upon the race, but only upon individuals. In many communities at the North if a negro has made his mark in the world and is of good character and atainments, the highest and best people of the land do not hesitate, if he interests them, to dine with him. They do not consider this social equality in the sense that we of the South use the term "social equality." But these people, as a rule, are as averse to intermingling the blood of the two races as we are, and would shrink from it with as much abhorrence as you or I. They resent the idea as biterly as we do. The President has a high appreciation of Booker Washington, and regards him as doing a great work for his people. Having him to luncheon at the White House was not a studied, but a merely impromptu affair, the President desiring to continue talk with Washington about matters concerning the welfare of his race. Before he became President, he had taken luncheon, as many of the foremost people of the North had, with Washington. It would be unjust to the President to say that in his talk he conceded, in the remotest degree, that this action abstractly or ethically was in any way wrong or improper or that he regretted it, but it is equally true that he did regret the unfounded deduction which was drawn from it--that he favored in any sense the admixture of the races, or what we at the South term and consider social equality. No man now realizes more acutely than he does, the improper inferences which ignorant negroes draw from such an incident, and the change which might thereby be effected in their relations to their white neighbors, and in public tranquillity and content in the race relations and conditions at the South. The dominant trait in the President's character which pervades and tinges all his action is his American love of fair play, or "a square deal." Experience in his great office and the discussions which have arisen since he became President have brought him to a full mindfulness of the difficulties of our problem in the South. Like a thoughtful man, he is aware that many of the conditions of what is called "the negro problem" exist equally in the North as well as in the South, and that in some respects life may be harder for the negro at the North than at the South. He does not shut his eyes to the fact that, in many respects at least, the difficulties of the problem are identical throughout the whole country. His views as to the civil equality of races--that is, the right to have justice administered without respect of persons are in no wise different from the views of all thoughtful men of the South. That such justice should be dispensed to the negro everywhere is one of his aims, just as would be the case if any other race were subjected to wrong, from race antipathies, in the battle of life and pursuit of happiness. He realizes as fully as you or I that an ignorant suffrage is an appalling calamity to the country. His position in this respect is no different from that taken by many Southern men and Democrats who insisted that in suffrage regulations the white man should not receive easier modes of reaching the voting privilege than the negro, and that fixing an easy test for whites and a hard one for blacks for admission to the electorate, as accomplished by the grandfather clause, and the like, is unwise as well as unjust to the white man himself an an implied insult to the white man as implying he could not stand tests which the negro could. I think I ought to add, in order that those of our own people at the South who have misunderstood him may be undeceived, that the President is as firmly convinced as any Southerner that admixture of the races would be a calamity to [?] a thing not to be countenanced. recommending a pardon. I also sent him a private communication in which I spoke of the fact that the wives and children of the two defendants had been compelled to return to their father-in-law, an old Confederate soldier with one leg, who was hardly able to earn a support for himself and his immediate family. I stated that this thought, though possibly out of place in determining whether clemency should be exercised, had appealed very strongly to me. The President promptly pardoned the two offenders. Afterward, in speaking of it, he said very earnestly to me: "Judge, I believe it gave me as much pleasure, under all the circumstances, to help that old peg-legged Confederate as it gave you to ask it." No one can be with Theodore Roosevelt and talk with him about the South without being greatly impressed with the conviction that the man's heart is full of kindness for our people. He takes great satisfaction in the thought that he had it in his power to follow the son of a great cavalry leader, "Jeb" Stuart, and the grandson of Stonewall Jackson, in his appointments to the army and navy from the South, his choice has been frequently turned by consideration that the young applicant was the son of some good Confederate soldier." The inference which the South drew from the Booker Washington incident were freely discussed. The President is every inch a man, and his discussion of that subject was in every respect manly. I may say in this connection that we of the South cannot comprehend the feeling of the people of the North on this subject, any more than they can comprehend our feelings. Our people, living i the midst of great numbers of negroes, most of whom are ignorant, feel that in many ways the breaking down of the barriers as to things which we at the South include in the term "social intercourse" can only lead to evil. Consequently, a barrier has been erected against the race as a race as to these matters, which on grounds of inexorable necessity the people of the South have felt should admit of no exceptions, however worthy or distinguished the individual negro. At the North, on the contrary, where there are comparatively few negroes, and numbers of them well educated, honorable and industrious, the line is very frequently drawn, not upon the race, but only upon individuals. In many communities at the North if a good character and atainments, the highest and best people of the land do not hesitate, if he interests them, to dine with him. They do not consider this social equality in the sense that we of the South use the term "social equality." But these people, as a rule, are as averse to intermingling the blood of the two races as we are, and would shrink from it with as much abhorrence as you or I. They resent the idea as biterly as we do. The President has a high appreciation of Booker Washington, and regards him as doing a great work for his people. Having him to luncheon at the White House was not a studied but a merely impromptu affair, the President desiring to continue [t]alk with Washington about matters concerning the welfare of his race. Before he became President, he had taken luncheon, as many of the foremost people of the North had, with Washington. It would be unjust to the President to say that in his talk he conceded, in the remotest degree, that this action abstractly or ethically was in any way wrong or improper or that he regretted it, but it is equally true that he did regret the unfounded deduction which was drawn from it--that he favored in any sense the admixture of the races, or what we at the South term and consider social equality. No man now realizes more acutely than de does, the improper inference more acutely than he does, the improper inferences which ignorant negroes draw from such an incident, and the change which might thereby be effected in their relations to their white neighbors, and in public tranquility and content in the race relations and conditions at the South. The dominant trait in the President's character which pervades and tinges all his actions is his American love of fair play, or "a square deal." Experience in his great office and the discussions which have arisen since he became President have brought him to a full mindfulness of the difficulties of our problem in the South. Like a thoughtful man, he is aware that many of the conditions of what is called "the negro problem" exist equally in the North as well as in the South, and that in some respects life may be harder for the negro at the North than at the South. He does not shut his eyes to the fact that, in many respects at least, the difficulties of the problem are identical throughout the whole country. His views as to the civil equality of races--that is, the right to have justice administered without respect of persons --are in no wise different from the views of all thoughtful men of the South. That such justice should be dispensed to the negro everywhere is one of his aims, just as would be the case if any other race were subjected to wrong, from race antipathies, in the battle of life and pursuit of happiness. He realizes as fully as you or I that an ignorant suffrage is an appalling calamity to the country. His position in this respect is no different from that taken by many Southern men and Democrats who insisted that in suffrage regulations the white man should not receive easier modes of reaching the voting privilege than the negro and that fixing an easy test for whites and a hard one for blacks for admission to the electorate, as accomplished by the grandfather clause and the like, is unwise as well as unjust to the white man himself and an implied insult to the white man as implying he could not stand tests which the negro could. I think I ought to add, in order that those of our own people at the South who have misunderstood him may be undeceived that the President is as firmly convinced as any Southerner that admixture of the races would be a calamity to both races, and is a thing not to be countenanced. Unfortunately the Crum appointment occurred about the time when the campaign was shaping itself, and our people were irritated by the deductions drawn from the luncheon incident. Many people of Charleston had spoken highly to the President about Crum as an educated and worthy negro, who had done great service in making the Charleston Exposition a success. His appointment was not intended in any sense to indicate any purpose to [?o??side] the social ideas of the [?] of Charleston or to put a negro in unpleasant contact with the whites. If the matter had been handled in a different way, perhaps without any undue friction, the President might otherwise have provided for Crum. We of the South must not forget that no President of the United States can take the position that no negro shall be appointed to any office, while consideration of social and economic conditions largely determine these matters. In particular cases, a President must nevertheless appoint some of the 11,000,000 of negroes to places for which they are fitted when the appointments are not detrimental to the public service nor offensive to the community in which they discharge their duties. Both Mr. Cleveland and Mr. McKinley appointed far more negroes to office than has President Roosevelt. Appointments of negroes to collectorships had been made before Crum's appointment, at Galveston and Savannah. They did not provoke the resentment that grew up about the Crum assignment, and the President was perhaps as much surprised as any other man that his action in appointing Crum to this place was construed as an insult to the people of South Carolina, or as a forerunner of a policy of putting negroes over white men. However, under the circumstances that grew up over the appointment the President did not feel that it would be manly to withdraw it, and now that the incident is closed and the President's conduct is understood in the light of all the facts, the time has come when the Southern people should no longer view it as evidence of any animus to override the social customs of the section or to humiliate them in any way, or to treat them in a manner different from what the President treats the people of any other part of the Union. Another unfortunate and unfounded ground of misapprehension of the President is the charge so frequently made, that he inspired the resolutions looking to the reduction of Southern representation in Congress. I did not get the statement from him, but did get it from persons high in Republican councils and close to him, that the President knew nothing of the resolutions. The desire for such reduction is perhaps natural. We have seen evidences of it among our own people. A like resolution, based upon the number of voters, was introduced in the last Democratic State Convention in Alabama, and received some votes in its favor. Years ago William L. Yancey made a campaign in Alabama, upon what was known as the "white basis of representation" in that State, and was successful. Conceding that such a proposition might at first blush seem desirable to many Northern men, yet the consequences of such a reduction of representation of the South are so far reaching, so charged with harm to every interest, so hurtful to business and enterprise, so promotive of sectional ill will, so different from the basis of representation, in general, and so pregnant with possibilities of vast harm to the negro, that it is not believed the thoughtful men of the country will insist upon it when the matter is properly weighed. Naturally the President of the United States must be guarded in his utterances on such a subject. Of course, I am not speaking for the President or with his authority, but simply giving my opinion after having had some exceptional opportunities of knowing Mr. Roosevelt and of becoming acquainted with his sentiments and feelings toward the Southern people. When I say that his administration will be slow to countenance anything which is harmful to the Southern people, and that, indeed, the time may come when we will find in him one North on this subject, any more than they can comprehend our feelings. Our people, living in the midst of great numbers of negroes, most of whom are ignorant, feel that in many ways the breaking down of the barriers as to things which we at the South include in the term "social intercourse" can only lead to evil. Consequently, a barrier has been erected against the race as a race as to these matters, which on grounds of inexorable necessity the people of the South have felt should admit of no exceptions, however worthy or distinguished the individual negro. At the North, on the contrary, where there are comparatively few negroes, and numbers of them well educated, honorable and industrious, the line is very frequently drawn not upon the race, but only upon individuals. In many communities at the North if a negro has made his mark in the world and is of good character and attainments, the highest and best people of the land do not hesitate, if he interests them, to dine with him. They do not consider this social equality in the sense that we of the South use the term, "social equality.' But these people, as a rule, are as averse to intermingling the blood of the two races as we are, and would shrink from it with as much abhorrence as you or I. They resent the idea as bitterly as we do. The President has a high appreciation of Booker Washington and regards him as doing a great work for his people. Having him to luncheon at the White House was not a studied, but a merely impromptu affair, the President desiring to continue talk with Washington about matters concerning the welfare of his race. Before he became President, he had taken luncheon, as many of the foremost people of the North had, with Washington. It would be unjust to the President to say that in his talk he conceded, in the remotest degree, that this action abstractly or ethically was in any way wrong or improper or that he regretted it, but it is equally true that he did regret the unfounded deduction which was drawn from it - that he favored in any sense the admixture of the races, or what we at the South term and consider social equality. No man now realizes more acutely than he does, the improper inferences which ignorant negroes draw from such an incident, and the change which might thereby be effected in their relations to their white neighbors, and in public tranquility and content in the race relations and conditions at the South. The dominant trait in the President's character which pervades and tinges all his actions is his American love of fair play, or "a square deal." Experience in his great office and the discussions which have arisen since he became President have brought him to a full mindfulness of the difficulties or our problem in the South. Like a thoughtful man, he is aware that many of the conditions of what is called "the negro problem" exist equally in the North as well as in the South, and that in some respects life may be harder for the negro at the North than at the South. He does not shut his eyes to the fact that, in many respects at least, the difficulties of the problem are identical throughout the whole country. His views as to the civil equality of races - that is, the right to have justice administered without respect of persons - are in no wise different from the views of all thoughtful men of the South. That such justice should be dispensed to the negro everywhere is one of his aims, just as would be the case if any other race were subjected to wrong, from race antipathies, in the battle of life and pursuit of happiness. He realizes as fully as you or I that an ignorant suffrage is an appalling calamity to the country. His position in this respect is no different from that taken by many Southern men and Democrats who insisted that in suffrage regulations the white man should not receive easier modes of reaching the voting privilege than the negro and that fixing an easy test for whites and a hard one for blacks for admission to the electorate, as accomplished by the grandfather clause and the like, is unwise as well as unjust to the white man himself and an implied insult to the white man as implying he could not stand tests which the negro could. I think I ought to add, in order that those of our own people at the South who have misunderstood him may undeceived, that the President is as firmly convinced as any Southerner that admixture of the races would be a calamity to both races, and is a thing not to be countenanced. Unfortunately the Crum appointment occurred about the time when the campaign was shaping itself, and our people were irritated by the deductions drawn from the luncheon incident. Many people of Charleston had spoken highly to the President about Crum as an educated and worthy negro, who had done great service in making the Charleston Exposition a success. His appointment was not intended in any sense to indicate any [?] [?] of Charleston or to put a negro in unpleasant contact with the whites. If the matter had been handled in a different way, perhaps, without any undue friction, the President might otherwise have provided for Crum. We of the South must not forget that no President of the United States can take the position that no negro shall be appointed to any office, while consideration of social and economic conditions largely determine these matters. In particular cases, a President must nevertheless appoint some of the 11,000,000 of negroes to places for which they are fitted when the appointments are not detrimental to the public service nor offensive to the community in which the discharge their duties. Both Mr. Cleveland and Mr. McKinley appointed far more negroes to office than has President Roosevelt. Appointments of negroes to collectorships had been made before Crum's appointment, at Galveston and Savannah. They did not provoke the resentment that grew up about the Crum assignment, and the President was perhaps as much surprised as any other man that his action in appointing Crum to this place was construed as an insult to the people of South Carolina, or as a forerunner of a policy of putting negroes over white men. However, under the circumstances that grew up over the appointment the President did not feel that it would be manly to withdraw it, and now that the incident is closed and the President's conduct is understood in the light of all the facts, the time has come when the Southern people should no longer view it as evidence of any animus to override the social customs of the section or to humiliate them in any way, or to treat them in a manner different from what the President treats the people of any other part of the Union. Another unfortunate and unfounded ground of misapprehension of the President is the charge so frequently made, that he inspired the resolutions looking to the reduction of Southern representation in Congress. I did not get the statement from him, but did get it from persons high in Republican councils and close to him that the President knew nothing of the resolutions. The desire for such reduction is perhaps natural. We have seen evidences of it among our own people. A like resolution, based upon the number of voters. was introduced in the last Democratic State Convention in Alabama, and received some votes in its favor. Years ago William L. Yancey made a campaign in Alabama, upon what was known as the "white basis of representation" in that State, and was successful. Conceding that such a proposition might at first blush seem desirable to many Northern men, yet the consequences of such a reduction of representation of the South are so far reaching, so charged with harm to every interest, so hurtful to business and enterprise, so promotive of sectional III will, so different from the basis of representation, in general, and so pregnant with possibilities of vast harm to the negro, that it is not believed the thoughtful men of the country will insist upon it when the matter is properly weighed. Naturally the President of the United States must be guarded in his utterances on such a subject. Of course, I am not speaking for the President or with his authority, but simply giving my opinion after having had some exceptional opportunities of knowing Mr. Roosevelt and of becoming acquainted with his sentiments and feelings toward the Southern people. When I say that his administration will be slow to countenance anything which is harmful to the Southern people, and that, indeed, the time may come when we will find in him one of the stanchest defenders of our section against any sectional wrong or injustice, Mr. Roosevelt is beyond the possibility of political temptation. He must wield his high office for four years and then return to the ranks as a private citizen. His only ambition now is to merit a high place in the affections of all his countrymen. I am sure that our people, now that they are beginning to understand the President better, will meet in no laggard way his desire to be regarded as the President of all the people, and that our people of the South, no matter how much we may differ from him on mere political issues, will long before the expiration of his term look upon, him as a President who knows no North, no South, no East, no West, but as a great American who loves all his fellow countrymen. THE WASHINGTON POST: THURS., JUNE 29, 1905. The President's Address at Alumni Dinner. [*645*] PART PLAYED BY THE STUDENT ------------------- No First-class Science or First-class Literature Can Be Built Up by Second-class Men, He Says — Bad Thing for College Man to Regard Sport as the Serious Business of Life. -------------------- Cambridge, Mass., June 28. — Following the commencement exercises at Harvard to-day, the President made three public addresses, one at the Harvard Union, a second, and the principal one of his tour, at the annual alumni dinner in Memorial Hall, and a third from the steps of Memorial Hall to the members of the alumni, who could not gain admittance to the Memorial Hall exercises. The speech in Memorial Hall, which was a general discussion of the mission of the college, evoked the greatest enthusiasm. In an eloquent address, voicing his tribute of friendship and admiration, Bishop Lawrence introduced the President. The applause that greeted the President surpassed all previous demonstrations. He stood for several minutes bowing his acknowledgments before he was [illegible] compared to what he himself can and must do. The spirit of the scholar is the vital factor in the productive scholarship of the country. Universities Second Function. "So much for the first function of the university, the sending forth of a small number of scholars of the highest rank who will do productive work of the first class. Now turn to the second, and what may be called the normal, function of the college, the function of turning out each year many hundreds of men who shall possess the trained intelligence, and especially the character, that will enable them to hold high the renown of this ancient seat of learning by doing useful service for the nation. It is not my purpose to discuss at length what should be done in Harvard to produce the right spirit among the men who go out of Harvard, but rather to speak of what this spirit should be. Nor shall I speak of the exceptions, the men to whom college life is a disadvantage. Randolph of Roanoke, he of the biting tongue, once remarked of an opponent that he reminded him of certain tracts of land which were almost worthless by nature, and became entirely so by cultivation. Of course, if in any individual university training produces a taste for refined idleness, a distaste for sustained effort, a barren intellectual arrogance, or a sense of supercilious aloofness from the world of real men who do the world's real work, that has harmed that individual; but in such case there remains the abiding comfort that he would not have amounted too much anyway. Neither a college training nor anything else can do much good to the man of weak fiber or to the man with a twist in his moral or intellectual make-up. But the average undergraduate has enough robustness of nature, enough capacity for enthusiasm and aspiration, to make it worth while to turn to account the stuff that is in him. Too Much Luxury in College. Holding order when the disorder is a menace two men of property; for if the community feels that rich men disregard the law where it affects themselves, then the community is apt to assume the dangerous and unwholesome attitude of condoning crimes of violence committed against the interests which in the popular mind these rich men represent. This last attitude is wholly evil; but so is the attitude which produces it. We have a right to appeal to the alumni of Harvard and to the alumni of every institution of learning in this land to do their part in creating a public sentiment which shall demand of all men of means, and especially of the men of vast fortune, that they set an example to their less fortunate brethren by paying scrupulous heed not only to the letter, but to the spirit of the laws, and by acknowledging in the heartiest fashion the moral obligations which cannot be expressed in law, but which stand back of and above all laws. It is far more important that they should conduct their business affairs decently than that they should spend the surplus of their fortunes in philanthropy. Much has been given to these men, and we have a right to demand much of them in return. Every man of great wealth who runs his business with cynical contempt for those prohibitions of the law which by hired cunning he can escape or evade is a menace to our community, and the community is not to be excused if it does not develop a spirit which actively frowns on and discountenances him. The great profession of the law should be that whose members ought to take the lead in the creation of just such a spirit. We all know that, as things actually are, many of the most influential and most highly remunerated members of the bar in every center of wealth make it there special task to work out, bold and [?] [?] masters. "It is, I trust unnecessary [illegible] appreciate to the fall the fact that the highest work of all will never be affected one way or the other by any question of compensation. And much of the work which is really best for the nation must from the very nature of things be nonremunerative as compared with the work of the ordinary industries and vocations. Nor would it ever be possible or desirable that the rewards of transcendent success in scholarship should even approximate, from a monetary standpoint, the rewards in other vocations. But it is also true that the effect upon ambitious minds cannot but be bad if as a people we show our very slight regard for scholarly achievement by making no provision at all for its reward. Europe Offers Higher Rewards. "The chief use of the increased money value of the scholar's prize would be the index thereby afforded of the respect in which it was popularly held. The American scientist, the American scholar, should have the chance at least of winning such prizes as are open to his successful brother in Germany, England, or France, where the rewards paid for the first-class scholarly achievement are as much above those paid in this country as our rewards for first-class achievement in industry or law are above those paid abroad. "But, of course, what counts infinitely more than any possible outside reward is the spirit of the worker himself. The prime need is to instill into the minds of the scholars themselves a true appreciation of real as distinguished from sham success. In productive scholarship, in the scholarship which adds by its work to the sum of substantial achievement with which the country is to be credited, it is only first-class work that counts. In this field the smallest amount of really first-class work is worth all the second-class work that can possibly be produced; and you have done such work is in itself the fullest and amplest reward to the man producing it. We outsiders should, according to our ability, aid him in every way to produce it. Yet all that we can do is but little out in the great world. O [illegible] man's first duty is to himself and to those immediately dependent upon him. Unless he can pull his own weight he must be content to remain a passenger all his life. But we have a right to expect that the men who come out of Harvard will do something more than merely pull their own weight. We have a right to expect that they will count as positive forces for the betterment of their fellow-countrymen, and they can thus count only if they combine the power of devotion to a lofty ideal with practical common sense in striving to realize this ideal. "This nation never stood in greater need then now of having among its leaders men of lofty ideals, which they try to live up to and not merely to talk of. We need men with these ideals in public life, and we need them just as much in business and in such a profession as the law. We can by statute establish only those exceedingly rough lines of morality, the over passing of which means that the man is in jeopardy of the constable or the sheriff. But the nation is badly off if in addition to this there is not a very much higher standard of conduct, a standard impossible effectively to establish by statute, but one upon which the community as a whole, and especially the real leaders of the community, insist. Take such a question as the enforcement of the law. It is, of course, elementary to say that this is the first requisite in any civilization at all. But a great many people in the ranks of life from which most college men are drawn seem to forget that they should condemn with equal severity those men who break the law by committing crimes of mob violence, and those who evade the law, or who actually break it, but so cunningly that they cannot be discovered, the crimes they commit being not those of physical outrage, but those of greed and craft on the largest scale. Rich Who Evade the Law a Menace. "The very rich man who conducts his business as if he believed that he were a law unto himself thereby immensely increases the difficulty of the task of up- ATLANTA, GA., SUNDAY NEGRO VOTERS TO ORGANIZE ----------------- National Political Association to be Formed in New York. [*644*] ------------------ New York, February 18. — Negroes of this an adjoining states have held a meeting here at the Colored Republican Club for the purpose of drafting a constitution and bi-laws of a negro political organization of national scope. It was known as the National Colored Voters' League. The leaders intend to hold a national convention of colored voters and to have a thorough organization, including the district, county and state associations. The delegates to the national convention will be chosen from the several state organizations from each congressional district and delegates at large. This is said to be the first definite movement of the sort undertaken by the colored voters. CADETS BENT ON LYNCHING ------------------ Attack Auburn Ala., Calaboose, but Find the Prisoner Gone. ------------------- Intended Victim Had Stabbed Son of ex-Congressman Howard — President of the School Acted Promptly. [*644 1/2 1904*] Auburn, Ala. Nov. 14. — An attempt to lynch a Negro by a number of the students of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute was thwarted by the forethought of President Thach, of that institution. A report to the effect that a negro, Arthur Barnes, porter at the depot, had fatally stabbed Claude M. Howard was the cause of the trouble. About midnight last night a number of cadets went to the calaboose, fired a fusillade at the building, and then broke it open, with the intention of killing the negro, but were disappointed on finding the negro missing. President Thach, fearing an attack, had had the negro removed to Opelika. The trouble is said to have started by the negro cursing Howard because the student asked for a match. Howard is said to have struck the negro with a switch, whereupon the negro struck at Howard with a knife, cutting him behind the ear. Young Howard is not seriously injured. Howard is the son of ex-Congressman Howard, author fo the book, "If Christ Came to Congress," which created a sensation when published. The President's Address. "A great university like this has two special functions. The first is to produce a small number of scholars of the highest rank, a small number of men who in science and literature, or in art, will do productive work of the first class. The second is to send out into the world a very large number of men who never could achieve, and who ought not to try to achieve, such a position in the field of scholarship, but whose energies are to be felt in every other form of activity; and who should go out from our doors with the balanced development of body, of mind, and, above all, of character, which shall fit them to do work both honorable and efficient. "Much of the effort to accomplish the first function, that of developing men capable of productive scholarship, as distinguished from merely imitative, annotative, or pedagogic scholarship, must come through the graduate school. The law school and medical school do admirable work in fitting men for special professions, but they in no shape or way supply any shortcomings in the graduate school any more than does the college proper, the college of the undergraduates. The ideal for the graduate school and for those undergraduates who are to go into it must be the ideal of high scholarly production, which is to be distinguished in the sharpest fashion from the mere transmittal of ready-made knowledge without adding to it. If America is to contribute its full share to the progress not alone of knowledge, but of wisdom, then we must put ever-increasing emphasis on university work done along the lines of the graduate school. We can best help the growth of American scholarship by seeing that as a career it is put more on a level with the other careers open to our young men. Scholar Versus the Pawnbroker. "The general opinion of the community is bound to have a very great effect even upon its most vigorous and independent minds. If in the public mind the career of the scholar is regarded as of insignificant value when compared with that of a glorified pawnbroker, then it will with difficulty be made attractive to the most vigorous and gifted of our American young men. Good teachers, excellent institutions, and libraries are all demanded in a graduate school worthy of the name. But there is an even more urgent demand for the right sort of student. No first-class science, no first-class literature or art, can ever be built up with second-class men. The scholarly career, the career of the man of letters , the man of arts, the man of science, must be made such as to attract those strong and virile youths who now feel that they can only turn to business, law, or politics. There is no one thing which will bring about this desired change, but there is one thing which will materially help in bringing it about, and that is to secure to scholars the chance of getting one of a few brilliant positions as prizes if they rise to the first rank in their chosen career. Every such brilliant position should have as an accompaniment an added salary, which shall help indicate how high the position really is; and it must be the efforts of the alumni which can alone secure such salaries for such positions. Business Prizes Too Large. "As a people I think we are waking up to the fact that there must be better pay for the average man and average woman engaged in the work of education. But I am not speaking of this now; I am not speaking of the desirability, great though that is, of giving better payment to the average educator. I am speaking of the desirability of giving to the exceptional man the chance of winning an exceptional prize, just as he has the chance to do in law and business. In business at the present day nothing could be more healthy than an immense reduction in the money value of the exceptional prizes thus to be won; but in scholarship what is needed is the reverse. In this country we rightly go upon the theory that it is more important to care for the welfare of the average man than to put a premium upon the exertions of the exceptional. But we must not forget that the establishment of such a premium for the exceptional, though of less importance, is nevertheless of very great importance. It is important even to the development of the average man, for the average of all of us is raised by the work of the great [?] [?] to say that I There are, however, two points in the undergraduate life of Harvard about which I think we have a right to feel some little concern. One is the growth of luxury in the university. I do not know whether anything we can say will have much effect on this point, but just so far as the alumni have eight I hope to see that weight felt in serious and sustained effort against the growing tendency to luxury and in favor of all that makes for democratic conditions. One of our number one, the one whom I think the rest us us most delight to honor - Col. Higginson - has given to our alma mater the Harvard Union, than which no better gift, no gift meeting a more vital need, could have been given to the university. It is neither possible nor desirable to try to take away all social differences from the student life; but it is a good think to show how unimportant these differences are compared to the differences of real achievement, and compared also to the bonds which should unite together all the men who are in any degree capable of such real achievement; bonds, moreover, which should also knit these capable men to their brethren who need their help. His Views on Sports. "The second point upon which I wish to speak is the matter of sport. Now I shall not be suspected of a tendency unduly to minimize the importance of sport. I believe heartily in sport. I believe in outdoor games, ad I do not mind the least that they are rough games, or that those who take part in them are occasionally injured. I have no sympathy whatever with the overwrought sentimentality which would keep a young man in cotton wool, and I have a hearty contempt for him if he counts a broken arm or collar bone as of serious consequence when balanced against the chance of showing that he possesses hardihood, physical address, and courage. But when these injuries are inflicted by others, either wantonly or of set design, we are confronted by the question not of damage to one man's body, but of damage to the other man's character. Brutality in playing a game should awaken the heartiest and most plainly shown contempt for the player guilty of it, especially if this brutality is coupled with a low cunning in committing it without getting caught by the umpire. I hope to see both graduate and undergraduate opinion come to scorn such a man as one guilty of base and dishonorable action, who has no place in the regard of gallant and upright men. "It is a bad thing for any college man to grow to regard sport as the serious business of life. It is a bad thing to permit sensationalism and hysteria to shape the development of our sports. and finally it is a much worse thing to permit college sport to become in any shape or way tainted by professionalism, or by so much as the slightest suspicion of money-making; and this is especially true if the professionalism is furtive, if the boy or man violates the spirit of the rule while striving to keep within the letter. Professional sport is all right in its way. Has Friends Who Are Boxers. "I am glad to say that among my friends I number professional boxers and wrestlers, oarsmen and baseball men, whose regard I value, and whom, in turn, I regard as thoroughly good citizens. But the college undergraduate who, in furtive fashion, becomes a semi-professional is an unmitigated curse, and that not alone to university life and to the cause of amateur sport; for the college graduate ought in after years to take the lead in putting the business morality of this country on a proper plane, and he cannot do it if in his own college career his code of conduct has been warped and twisted. Moreover, the spirit which puts so excessive a value upon his work as to produce this semi-professional is itself unhealthy. I wish to see Harvard win a reasonable proportion of the contests in which it enters, and I should be heartily shamed of every Harvard athlete who did not spend every ounce there was in him in the effort to win, provided only he does it in honorable and manly fashion. But I think our effort should be to minimize rather than to increase that kind of love of athletics which manifests itself not in joining in the athletic sports, but in crowding by tens of thousands to see other people indulge in them. It is a far better thing for our colleges to have the average student interested in some form of athletics than to have them all gather in a mass to see other people to do their athletics for them. Work for the Alumni. "So much for the undergraduates. Now for the alumni, the men who are at work [?] [?] [?] Of course, the clients, individual or corporate, can evade the laws which are made to regulate in the interest of the public the use of great wealth. Responsibility of the Lawyer. "Now, the great lawyer who employs his talent and his learning in the highly remunerative task of enabling a very wealthy client to override or circumvent the law is doing all that in him lies to encourage the growth in this country of a spirit of dumb anger against all laws and of disbelief in their efficacy. Such a spirit may breed the demand that laws shall be made even more drastic against the rich, or else it may manifest itself in hostility to all laws. Surely Harvard has the right to expect from her sons a high standard of applied morality, whether their paths lead them into public life, into business, or into the great profession of the law, whose members are so potent in shaping the growth of the national soul. "But in addition to having high ideals it cannot too often be said to a body such as is gathered here to-day is that together with devotion to what is right must go practical efficiency in striving for what is right. This is a rough, workaday, practical world, and if in it we are to do the work best worth doing, we must approach that work in a spirit remote from that of the mere visionary, and above all remote from that of the visionary whose aspirations after good find expression only in the shape of scolding and complaining. It shall not help us if we avoid the Scylla of baseness of motive only to be wrecked on the Charybdis of wrongheadedness, of feebleness and inefficiency. There can be nothing worse for the community than to have the men who profess lofty ideals show themselves so foolish, so narrow, so impracticable, as to cut themselves off from communion with the men who are actually able to do the work of governing, the work of business, the work of the professions. It is a sad and evil thing if the men with a moral sense group themselves as impractical zealots, while the men of action gradually grow to discard and laugh at all moral sense as an evidence of impractical weakness. Quotes from Macaulay. "Macaulay, whose eminently sane and wholesome spirit revolted not only at weakness, but at the censorious folly which masquerades as virtue, describes the condition of Scotland at the end of the seventeenth century in a passage which every sincere reformer should keep constantly before him. "It is a remarkable circumstance that the same country should have produced in the same age the most wonderful specimens of both extremes of human nature. Even in things indifferent the Scotch Puritan would hear of no compromise; and he was but too ready to consider all who recommended prudence and charity as traitors to the cause of truth. On the other hand, the Scotchmen of that generation who made a figure in Parliament were the most dishonest and unblushing time-servers that the world has ever seen. Perhaps it is natural that the most callous and impudent vice should be found in the near neighborhod of unreasonable and impracticable virtue. Where enthusiasts are ready to destroy or, be destroyed for trifles magnified into importance by a squeamish conscience, it is not strange that the very name of conscience should become a byword of contempt to cool and shrewd men of business. "The men who go out from Harvard into the great world of American life bear a heavy burden of responsibility. The only way they can show their gratitude to their alma mater is by doing their full duty to the nation as a whole; and they can do this full duty only if they combine the high resolve to work for what is best and most ennobling with the no less resolute purpose to do their work in such fashion that when the end of their days comes they shall feel that they have actually achieved results and not merely talked of achieving them. NEGRO TURNING WHITE Illinois Colored Man Is Losing His Dark Complexion. [*646*] From the Chicago Record-Herald [end headline] It remains for Henry Wallace, full-blooded negro of Monmouth, Ill., to furnish an affirmative answer to the Scriptural quotation questioning the ability of the Ethiopian to change his skin. For six years he has been bleaching slowly, until now on-fifth of his body is as white as the Caucasian's. Thirty years hence, if the rate of metamorphosis keeps up, he expects to be able to qualify as a white man. Six years ago Wallace was as black as a prince of Numidia. His complexion was of such a midnight hue that he was known as "Coal Hole Henry." One day he noticed a spot of white on his forehead and tried to wash it away, thinking it was mortar. The spot, however, was impervious to water, and within six months it has spread over Wallace's entire face. It went to his scalp and turned his hair red and then gray. From his collar up, the Senegambian looks like a distinguished white man, but his hands are black. He wears gloves always to keep up the illusion. White spots have appeared on other portions of Wallace's body and have spread until one-fifth of his skin is breached to a chalky whiteness. His arms are still ebony, which is broad chest is half and half. His case is a puzzle to medical men, and several skin specialists from Chicago who have examined him are at a loss to account for the transformation. Wallace is fifty-two years old, and has not been ill a day in his life, except a week a few years ago, when he was overcome by the heat. He does not use alcoholics or tobacco. The transformation has made a difference in his disposition and bearing. Since his face turned white he has been refused to work at odd jobs and insists on being called "Mr. Wallace" by other negroes. Woke Up. MONDAY, FEBRUARY SUBJECTS [*649*] TREATMENT OF THE NEGRO The Problem in the United States and Other Countries [end headline] Editor Post: The multitudes of articles written and printed in our newspapers and journals on this subject seem to the writer to be pervaded by one common error, namely, that this difficult question is one peculiar to the United States. The absurdity of this idea is self-evident when we consider the multitude of European nations who now claim to governor for rather misgovern Africa. All will remember how a few years ago European nations, without a shadow of right partitioned Africa among them. With the potent arguments of powder and ball, they enforced the acceptance by the Africans of what they are pleased to call "Christian civilization." Some of these European nations have failed in their colonies, founded for the purpose of spreading their so-called civilization among the heathen natives; others have succeeded, and pre-eminent in the success in this respect has been Great Britain. Why, in India alone, England rules over nearly three hundred millions of the dark-skinned races, and in her total dominions she probably rules over at least forty times as many people having skin darker than the Caucasian as there are in the United States. Race wars have occurred in past times in the colonies of England, but are now unknown. Whoever heard of a lynching in the British dominions of a white or dark-skinned subject of England for crime or any other cause? The extended and vast experience of the subjects of Great Britain therefore shows that it is perfectly possible for the colored and white people to live together in harmony. Let us, then try to study for the benefit of the people of our own country the reasons for this harmonious condition of the different races in countries under the British rule. The first and fundamental reason for the peace and happiness which prevails among British subjects is the exact and impartial justice which is meted out to every man by British law. It is the crowning glory of Great Britain that she knows no respect of persons when they appear before her legal tribunals. Look, for instance, at the case of Whitaker, who recently ruined so many people in England by his fraudulent schemes of frenzied finance. He poisoned himself in the courtroom, rather than undergo the sentence of seven years of penal servitude inflicted upon him by a British court. There are dozens of men, perhaps hundreds, who walk the street of the cities of the United States, who have committed crimes worse than Whitaker's and should share his fate. One of the great perils and dangers of our country is that justice does not hold the scales with even hand, but juggling lawyers, aided by the power of money can cause the guilty to go free. But a still sadder condition of things prevails when race animosities and hatreds [?]ervade our tribunals, and the innocent punished unjustly to justify the and malice of unworthy foes. [? [?] [?] can not be denied that of courts and juries are ed against the negro and innocent guilty, he is convicted and punished then, the first requisite Great Britain nds for successfully governing the ne necessary for governing the Caucasian grace, namely, exact and equal justice for all before the law. The second essential requisite for successfully governing her dark-skinned subjects is the great attention and encouragement that Great Britain gives to the education of her subjects. The idiotic idea that it is dangerous to the welfare of the community to educate the humblest of her citizens fins no place in the mind of her statesman. On the contrary, her rulers well know that it is the ignorance of her citizens that is the danger to any country, and not their knowledge. As an illustration of the success of the rule of Great Britain over her colonies containing the dark-skinned races let us for a few moments study the conditions prevailing in the little island of Bermuda, which is within a two-days' sail of New York. A relative of the writer spent the winter of 1903-1904 as a resident of this island or rather group of islands and gave a very interesting account of the conditions prevailing there. The climate is delightful and the population is estimated at 19,000. The colored people largely outnumber the whites, there being about 14,000 colored to 5,000 whites. The government of the Island of Bermuda is vested in a governor and two legislative body-the council, which is composed of twelve members- are appointed by the British Crown. The lower legislative body is elected by the people. Rioting and disorder are practically unknown and the magistrates and the few policemen, employed have scarcely anything to do. The only homicide that has occurred for many years in Bermuda was the result of a quarrel between two drunken sailors, one of whom stuck the other a blow which caused his death. There is a compulsory school law in Bermuda. All the children, white and colored attend the schools, and it is said that there are no inhabitants residing on the island of Bermuda, who cannot read and write. Similar conditions, namely of the absence of deeds of violence, and the contentment of her subjects, prevail among the colored inhabitants of Jamaica, and in fact, on all the British West India Islands. What do the above facts show? They show clearly three things. First, that it is perfectly possible for the two races to live in peace and harmony with each other, provided that they mutually practice the golden rule, and that neither race ty[r?]annizes over or oppresses the other. Secondly, it shows that the moral and intelligent education of the masses is the hope and salvation of any country. Thirdly, it shows that government to be a success must be founded upon the immutable principles of equity and justice to all alike. Finally, it is the deliberate opinion of the writer that human nature in men and women of all races is essentially the same. They are influenced by the same ambitions and motives and controlled by the same passions and desires. In ruling the negro, as well as the white race, we would do well to heed the Injunction of the prophet: "What doth the Lord require of thee but to do justly and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God." It is said by some that the negro is inferior in mental and moral development to the white race. If such be the case, let us show our true nobility by reaching him a guiding and helping hand. It is noble to teach and work for the elevation of our kindred, but it is a far higher and nobler work to stoop from the high place that we have achieved by centuries of civilization and culture, to raise up those who have not been so fortunate as we. Glorious indeed, is such a labor, for it emulates our Divine Master and shows that we are indeed the disciples of "Him who went about doing good." ROBERT REYBURN, M.D. Demand Removal of Melvil Dewey State Librarian Accused by Hebrews of Fathering an Attack on Race. [*648*] In Lake Placid Club Circular Issued by the Company of Which He Is Head Basis of Call for Dismissal. [*NY Herald Jan 21 — 1905*] Through Chancellor Whitelaw Reid, on Wednesday, was presented a petition to the Regents of the University of the State of New York, asking for the removal of Melvil Dewey, State librarian. The peti- tion, which was referred to the Library Committee for investigation said:— "Your petitioners respectfully ask for the removal from office of Melvil Dewey, the present State librarian, whose tenure of office is dependent upon your action. "We are not unmindful of the serious na- ture of our application, and will, there- fore, proceed to state the facts on which we base the conclusion that he has dis- qualified himself from continuing as the incumbent of the the important position which he occupies. "For some years Mr. Dewey has been the leading and guiding spirit of the Lake Placid Company, and he is recognized by the business community as the most active factor in its operations. As will be seen from a copy of a letterhead, the operations of that company are of wide extent, covering a multitude of activi- ties, which are arranged into departments. Among these departments are what is termed the 'Lake Placid Club.' It is this club which constitutes the hotel, for the conduct of which the corporations was or- ganized, otherwise the Lake Placid Com- pany is carrying on business in absolute violations of the terms of its incorpora- tion and the statutes of this State. Circular Is Quoted. "This alleged club as for some time publicly issued circulars and other printed matter emanating form the Lake Placid Company, which have bee distributed by that company, bearing upon their very face irrefragable evidence of the fact that Mr. Dewey is the author. They are ear- marked by the method of phonetic spell- ing, of which he is the distinguished pro- [?] in these circulars, of which we submit a specimen, received directly from the Lake Placid Company, is to be found an elaborate statement of the advantages which the so called club affords, from which we extract the following:— " 'No one will be received against whom there is physical, moral, social or race objection, or who would be unwelcome to even a small minority. This excludes absolutely all consumptives, or rather in- valids, whose presence might injure health or modify others' freedom or enjoyment. This invariable rule is rigidly enforced. It is found impracticable to make excep- tions to Hebrews or others excluded, even when of unusual personal qualifications' "There reside in this State about seven hundred and fifty thousand Hebrews. A large proportion of them are tax payers, who contribute their quota to the support and maintenance of the institution of the State, the payment of salaries of public officials, including that which is paid to Mr. Melvil Dewey, as the State Librarian. They take pride in the State and in its government. They devote their energies and their intellect to the development of its resources and the fostering of its in- dustries. They strive to raise the standard of public intelligence; to cherish learning; to promote the arts, sciences and literature. They have sought to advance the cause of education to as great an extent at least as any part of the citizenship of this commonwealth. They feel, therefore, that they have a right to demand that one who as a public servant represents all the people of the State, of whom they are a part, so long as he remains such ser- vant and receives compensation from the State Treasury, under the sanction of your honorable body, shall not, with impunity, pander to the lowest prejudices of which man is capable. Declared Intolerable "Thus far the intolerable spirit mani- fested in Mr. Dewey's circular, which is the far off echo of the ignorant brutality of mediaeval times, has gained no foothold in this State. There have been sporadic instances where intoxicated rowdies have given evidence of similar sentiments by pulling the beards of aged and defenceless men. There have likewise been cases where shortsighted innkeepers have re- fused accommodations to Hebrews who have applied for them. It is likewise un- derstood that certain social clubs have exercised their undoubted privilege of ex- cluding from membership those of the Hebrew faith. Far be it from us to take umbrage at such phenomena. With them we have no concern. But when a high public official, either from motives of re- ligious or racial hostility or from con- siderations of pecuniary greed or from ignorance or bigotry can so far forget himself and the duties which he owes to the entire public as to spread broadcast through the land a publication which tends to make of the Hebrew an outcast and a pariah of the State, you, as its right arm, cannot afford to trifle with the offender or allow an infamous precedent to be es- tablished. There is but one course to pur- sue, and that is to remove from the service of the State the official whose act under- mines the very foundations of our govern- mental system. We are prepared to make satisfactory proof as to all of the state- ments herein contained. This statement was signed by Louis Marshall, Jacob H. Schiff, Adolph Lewi- sohn, Daniel Guggenheim, Isidor Straus, Henry R. Ickelheimer, Nathan Bijur, Cy- rus L. Sulzberger, Edgar J. Nathan, Adolph S. Ochs and Abraham Abraham. [* 1905 *] CHASED NEGRO TO DEATH. Colored Men Drowned in Attempt to Elude Pursuing Crowd. Special to the Washington Post. [* 650 *] Winchester, Va., Feb. 28 - News reached here to-day of the drowning of Harry Hendricks, a negro, in Page County, un- der circumstances that have called for a judicial investigation. The negro was put off a Norfolk and Western train at Ing- ham Station. He was set upon by a crowd of men and boys, who began throw- ing stones at him. The negro ran, and the crowd pushed him, it is said, for more than a mile. To escape from his tormentors, who pressed him closely, the negro started to cross a dam on the Shenandoah River. There was a swift overflow, and he was washed off into the icy stream. He was unable to swim and was drowned in sight of a number of persons on the bank. His body has not yet been recovered. Sheriff Sedwick, Coroner Hudson, and Commonwealth's Attorney Keyser have visited the scene of the trouble, but no arrests have been made as yet. Search- ing parties have been dragging the river attempting to locate the body, but so far without success. The men accused of the crime were attempting to carry out an unwritten law of the community which forbids negroes from passing through or stopping in that vicinity. BEREA COLLEGE FINED. The Case Will Be Carried to the [* 657 *] Higher Court. Richmond, Ky., Feb. 22. - Berea Col- lege was yesterday fined $1,000 in the State Circuit Court for violation of the Day act. This is the law passed by the General Assembly of Kentucky at its last session prohibiting the co- education of the white and colored races. While the law is general in form it was aimed directly at Berea College, which has for fifty years con- ducted a school and college for the education of all youths of good moral character. When the law was passed the college authorities at once announced their decision to abide by its provisions pending a decision as to its constitu- tionality. In order to raise the ques- tion a technical violation of the act was committed and on such violation by consent the college as a corpora- tion was indicted. The college demurred to the indict- ment and the question of constitution- ality was thus raised. Briefs were filed by both sides and Judge Ben- ton overruled the demurerr and held the law constitutional. The conviction and fine followed, as the college made no defense as to the facts. The case will go at once to the Court of Appeals of Kentucky and should that court uphold the decision render- ed and declare the law constitutional, the case will be taken to the Supreme Court of the United States. WASHINGTON TO NEGROES. [* 653 6 *] Urges Them to Disappoint Critics by Leading Useful, Simple Lives. Birmingham, Ala., Nov. 14. - In an ad- dress to the colored citizens delivered here to-night, Booker Washington said: "Not a few have predicted that on ac- count of the recent election many mem- bers of our race would lose their heads, would become unduly pompous, self-asser- eanestness that I can command I want to urge our people in every part of the coun- try to disappoint those who have made such predictions by leading a life of in- creased usefulness, soberness, and sim- plicity, remembering, as I have often ex- horted before, that in the long run it is to the certain and fundamental ideas of growth in property, intelligence, and high Christian character, together with the cultivation of friendly relations with our neighbors of all race, that we must look for our ultimate success. "The masses of our people are to dwell for all time here in the South, and here it is that our destiny must be worked out and we can only succeed when we have the confidence and co-operation of those about us." The Story of "Compensated Emanci- pation." [* 654 *] Editor Constitution: I miss not oppor- tunity that comes in reach of hearing the able and deservedly popular chancel- lor of our state university in lectures and public addresses. I read everything from his pen that comes under my eye. I know him personally, and I greatly admire him. His recent contribution in your columns, "A Plea for Tolerance," seemed to me timely and suggestive, and it cannot fail to do good. But there occurs in the article an al- lusion that, from a historical standpoint, seems to me misleading. I refer to the expression: "Lincoln's plan of compen- sated emancipation." Now I have not read everything that Lincoln is credited with saying, and I know friendly biogra- phers have succeeded in collecting (or manufacturing) many incidents of his life that have become current as historical facts or, at least, as having a measure of truth in them. And I have a few times heard of "Lincoln's offer to pay for the slaves" as a means of bringing the war to an end. But I have searched in vain for anything that I could be con- strued as an intimation, even, that Lin- coln entertained this scheme or that he would have approved such a measure if it had been proposed. I think I have read a statement somewhere that Vice Presi- dent Stephens had expressed the belief that this could have become the solution of our trouble and ended the war. But however baseless the story, so far as Lincoln is concerned, it will probably bob up from time to time like "Barbara Fritchie's" defiant waving of her flag in the face of Stonewall Jackson and his men, who never even passed her house, or the sacredly preserved chips from the ap- ple tree under which Lee did NOT meet Grant, or the sword-tendering ceremony between them, which both of them have said never occurred, or Sherman's "war is hell" that he never uttered, however forcibly he may have illustrated the idea in his marauding march through Georgia. If Lincoln ever proposed "compensated emancipation" as a plan to bring hostili- ties to a close, by all means let it be placed to the credit side of his record. It will be needed when a complete and impartial story comes to be written of his part in the slavery agitation and the unconstitutional war of coercion that fol- lowed. But if there is no foundation for the story, let us of the south, at least, not have any part in transmitting it as a fact to posterity; and I trust Chancellor Hill will do himself the justice of looking into the matter and give us the benefit of his investigation. B. M. ZETTLER. Gordon Academy, Kirkwood, Ga. [*641*] POST: THURSDAY, MAY 11, 1905. tion here where it was established. In the first place, we get, as perhaps some of you know, a peculiarly valuable class of recruits for the navy from the Mississippi Valley and the regions adjoining the Great Lakes. In the next place, I wanted to see part of the establishment of the navy have its local habitation or name here in the great West. And so I feel that this organization conferred a favor not only upon the city of Chicago, but an advantage to the whole country in what it did toward securing the establishment of that station here where it has been established. Argument for Efficient Navy. I do not think that it is now very necessary to make an argument for an efficient navy. We are so fortunate that in this country we can get along with a very small army; an army, which, relative to the population of the country, is smaller than the police force of any one of our great cities. With the navy the case is different. We have not the choice, gentlemen, as to whether this country will play a great part in the world; we cannot help playing a great part. All we can decide is whether we will play it well or ill; we have that to decide. We can consider whether we will do badly or well, but we cannot decide whether the parts are to be played; we have got to play them. We cannot abandon our position on the Monroe doctrine; we cannot abandon the Panama Canal; we cannot abandon the duties that have come to us from the mere fact of our growth as a nation, from the growth of our commercial interests in the East and in the West, in the Atlantic and on the Pacific. Now, I earnestly hope that with the added responsibility will come not merely a growth in power to meet that responsibility, but a growth in sobriety of mental attitude on our part toward these new duties. If there is one thing that ought to be more offensive to every good American than anything else it is the habit of speaking with a loose tongue offensively about foreign nations, or of adopting an ill-considered and irritating attitude toward any one of them. In private life there is no one to whom we slightly object more than the man who is continually offending and insulting his neighbors, except to the man who in addition to that then fails to make good. Now, I hope to see oud foreign policy conducted always in a spirit not merely of scrupulous regard for the rights of others, but of scrupulous courtesy toward others, and at the same time to see us keep prepared so that there is no position that we take in either hemisphere that once taken we cannot stand on. In that attitude, not only is it important that the government officials should behave themselves, but it is important that private citizens should. The public speaker, the writer in the press, the legislator, or public servant, all owe it to this country to behave with the courtesy toward others which we would like to have extended in return to us; but behave with that courtesy whether it is extended or not. The outsiders cannot hurt us by being insolent as long as we behave ourselves, and what they say is of no consequence to us compared to what we say of them. Firm but Fair Foreign Policy. Hard words won't hurt us if we disregard them. Let them say anything and go on and build up the navy. That will be a much greater provocative to friendship and respect than any amount of recrimination; and so I have a right to appeal to the men here before me, to the men who in so many different walks take the lead in this great city, to aid in consistently building up just that type of foreign policy—a foreign policy under which we shall make the name of the United States government an example on one hand, as it ought to be, for a just and proper insistence upon its own rights, but also an example for a disinterested and generous willingness to treat all other nations, all other powers, with frank courtesy and "Now for the other side of the question. There have been a great many republics before our time, and again and again these republics have split upon the rock of disaster. The greatest and most dangerous rock in the course of any republic, the rock of class hatred. Sometimes the republic becomes a republic in which one class grew to dominate another class, and for loyalty to the republic was substituted loyalty to a class. The result was in every case the same. It meant disaster, and ultimately the downfall of the republic and it mattered not one whit which class it was that became dominant, it mattered not one whit whether the poor plundered the rich or the rich exploited the poor. In either case, just as soon as the republic became one in which one class sought to benefit itself by injuring another class, in which, the one class substituted loyalty to that class for loyalty to the republic, the end of the republic was at hand." No Government of Class [*640*] "No true patriot will fail to do everything in his power to prevent the growth of any such spirit in this country. This government is not, and never shall be, the government of a plutocracy. This government is not and never shall be the government of a mob. I believe in corporations. They are indispensable instruments in our modern industrialism, but I believe that they should be so supervised and regulated that they should act for the interest of the community as a whole. "So I believe in unions. I am proud of the fact that I am an honorary member of one union, but I believe that the union like the individual, must be kept to a strict accountability to the power of the law. "Mayor Dunne, as President of the United States, and, therefore, as the representative of the people of this country, I give you as a matter of course, my hearty support in upholding the law, in keeping order, in putting down violence, whether by a mob or by an individual. (Cheers, with many standing waving handkerchiefs and napkins.) And there need not be the slightest apprehension in the hearts of the most timid that ever the mob spirit will triumph in this country. Those immediately responsible for dealing with the trouble must exhaust every effort in so dealing with it before call is made upon any outside body. But if ever the need arises, back of the city stands the State, and back of the State stands the nation. (Cheers). "And there, gentlemen, is a point upon which all good Americans are one. They are all one in the conviction, in the firm determination that this country shall remain in the future as it has been in the past, a country of liberty and justice under the forms of law. A country in which the rule of the people is supreme, but in which that will finds its expression through the forces of law and order, through the forms of law expressed as provided for in the Constitution of the United States and of the several States that go to make up our nation." At the conclusion of his speech, the President again was cheered with enthusiasm and several members of the club pressed around him to shake his hand in congratulation. Then, accompanied by President Gunther and the members of the reception committee, the President passed quickly from the hall, while the guests cheered him lustily. He went to his rooms in the Auditorium Hotel to prepare for his journey to Washington, whither he departed at 12:10 o'clock Thursday morning. Roosevelt's Stand for the Individual He Preaches a Democratic Principle That Democratic "Leaders" in Office Have Forgotten. [*642*] Before a Republican club in Philadelphia Monday night Theodore Roosevelt preached the doctrine of Lincoln and of Jackson. He drew from Lincoln the inspirational plead for the plain people and for the right of the INDIVIDUAL. From Jackson he caught the spirit of the right of every man to be strenuous in the defence of his liberty and for the right of the Government to force an [?] chance for the weak as against the strong. In this [?] President was as Democratic as Jackson, who believed [?] there was always power in the Government to [?] wrong. Jackson broke the power of the United States Bank, because he believed it was creating a money [?] of the people and the Government. Big lawyers [?] big bankers said he was violating the Constitution. Roosevelt demands that the Government shall [?] railroad corporations or these corporations will control the people. Even now we hear the railroad lawyers invol[?] the Constitution. The President said, "Ours is not a Government [?] recognizes classes. It is based on the recognition of [?] INDIVIDUAL." [*636.*] GOV. VARDAMAN AROUSED Appointment of Negro Clerk for Postoffice Evokes Criticism of President. Special to The Washington Post. Jackson, Miss., July 1. - Gov. Vardaman has given out a characteristic interview anent the selection of a negro clerk for Greenwood, his home post-office: "I am in hope that the negro's respect for public opinion will cause hi to resign or decline the place. I sincerely hope that the white people of Greenwood will have too much respect for themselves to permit him to hold it. This incident presents an ever-recurring phase of the race problem which must be met and handled prudently, but at all times with unflinching firmness, by the white people of the South. "My observation and close study of the race problem, of the negro side of it particularly, convinces me that when you give the negro an inch, he will go an ell or some other extreme beyond the limit of prudence. This little affair reminds me again of President Roosevelt's profound interest in, affection and grea[t] consideration for the general welfare of the white people of the South. Such conduct is calculated to inspire all decent white people of the South with great love for him." [*637*] PRESIDENT AND THE SOUTH. Evidence of a Change of Sentiment Toward the Chief Executive. From the New York Sun. We print to-day a letter from a Southern gentleman, in which he expresses surprise that here at the North "so little notice has been taken by the papers and people" of a letter of the President expressive of "good feeling" toward the South. If there is any such inattention in the North it is because there is nothing new or peculiar in the sentiment toward the South expressed by Mr. Roosevelt. Like "good feeling" exists throughout the North, and it extends to the people generally; of ill feeling there is none. In New York there are thousands of Southerners who know by experience in social, business, and professional relations that the feeling toward them is only "good." In this great town we make no distinction between Northerner and Southerner; and nowhere in the Northern States is any man distinguished nor does be distinguish himself as a "Northerner." He is simply an American. We have elected many Southerners to office. They are free to think and talk and vote as they please. Every opportunity open to any other citizen is open to [t]hem, and among those who have best improved their opportunities are our citizens from the South. Southern men in New York are in the foremost ranks of [t]he professions and are conspicuous in [b]usiness and public life. They are num[e]rous in the choicest clubs and social cir[c]les. People up here, therefore, do not re[w]ard expressions of friendly feeling to[w]ard the South and toward Southerners [?]s singular, for there is no other feeling [?]n any breast. Mr. Roosevelt simply gave rank and manly utterance to a prevail[i]ng sentiment. We will merely add that we learn from [u]nimpeachable authority that since the [?]te election there has been an extraordi[n]ary change of feeling toward the Presi[d]ent in the South, that he has become a [h]ero in Southern eyes, and the policies he [?]presents have won their cordial favor [?]o this new and prevailing Southern sen[ti]ment we call the attention of the Repub[li]can leaders in Congress, for it may hav[e] [c]onsequences of momentous political in [??]ortance in the not distant future. a bill of like import. [*638*] COST TO WHITES OF NEGRO COUNTRY SCHOOLS. The Raleigh Post recently martialed a set of figures in such way as to produce a very surprising result. Its subject was the division of the school tax between the races and its figures are from the official records. It shows that for the year 1903-'04 the total expenditures for negro country schools were $245,510.44 and that the total spent for country schools was $1,515,446.49 for both races. The total amount levied for school purposes - on negro property and polls, and including one-third of the liquor, railroad and corporation school taxes levied - the negroes being correctly reckoned as one-third of the State's population - was $219,778.86. The difference between the amount of negro country school taxes levied and the expense of the negro country schools is $25,731.58, which excess the whites pay. Pursuing its figures, The Post shows that this sum, divide among the white population of the State, given by the census of 1900 as 1,263,603, amounts to 2.04 cents per capita, or , divided among the 290,000 white voters, to less than 9 cents each. It will be some time before the white voters of North Carolina are utterly impovershed by paying 9 cents a year each for negro education. The Post has done a good service in putting these figures together. [*639*] [*1905*] CONGRATULATES GOV. TERRELL Gov. Vardaman Glad a Few of the "Old Guard" Are Left. Jackson, Miss., Jan. 31. - Gov. Vardaman last evening sent the following telegram to Gov. Terrell, of Georgia: Permit me to congratulate the white people of Georgia, upon the character of their chief executive, and to commend you, my dear sir, most heartily for your conduct in refusing to allow the State of Georgia to be dishonored by being represented at the inauguration of the President by a negro military company. This act will bring down upon your devoted head the several condemnation of the misinformed negrophiles of the North, the office - bribed referees of the South, and a few broadminded and patriotic officeholders and political creatures of both sections, but nine-tenths of decent, liberty-loving, self-respecting white people of the South commend your act. I thank God that a few of the faithful old guard are with us still, Southern gentlemen in authority who cannot be bribed with Federal patronage or debauched with Presidential flattery. JAMES K. VARDAMAN. Catarrh very doctrine they profess. GOV. HOCH'S STIGMA. [*632*] The Topeka Plaindealer gives a rather sad account of the action of Gov. Edward W. Hoch in giving his support to a "Jim Crow" school bill. All along in Kansas white and colored children enjoyed equal privileges and were admitted into the high schools of the state upon equal terms. Representative Robinett introduced a bill to separate them in the public high schools in cities of over 50,000 inhabitants. The bill was rushed through both houses of that state's assembly. Gov. Hoch claimed to be a staunch republican of the Lincoln, Sumner and Roosevelt kind. He might have vetoed that bill; he might have saved Kansas from an infamy so blasting to the fair name of the state. But in the face of a solemn oath to support the constitution of the United States, the laws of Kansas and to faithfully discharge the duties of the governor, he offers himself as a nightmare and a stumbling block to the vast evolving interests and best prospects of a great commonwealth of the mighty west. Placed at the helm of the state, the more progressive and Christian element expected Gov. Hoch to maintain its honor and integrity. Politicians and tricksters might, if they would, resort to some scheming project in order to bring themselves into prominence, but a far more ennobling prominence and a lasting honor might have been gained to the man who, knowing his duty, dared to do that duty in the face of all odds. The world is fast becoming one vast school of learning. The moral and the ethics of human action are every day being made the test of individual character. The consciousness of right action is B. T. WASHINGTON'S TALK UPSETS CLASS OF ROCKEFELLER [*633*] He Tells a Story to Hint at the Process of Digesting His Address--Members Are Convulsed with Laughter PARABLE OF THE FIG TREE. "He spake also this parable: A certain man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard: and he came and sought fruit thereon, and found none. "Then said he unto the dresser of his vineyard, 'Behold, these three years I come, seeking fruit on this fig tree, and find none; cut it down; why cumbereth it the ground'" For the first time the decorum of the Rockefeller Bible class was disturbed yesterday. Members broke into loud laughter and handclapping. It was caused by Booker T. Washington, who took Mr. Rockefeller's place as leader. The attendance was the class record. Mr. Washington was late in arriving. When he arose he said he did not know how much time the class had to listen to him. "And that reminds me," he said, "of an incident that occurred down South. A negro was feeding corn to his pigs, when a white professor came along. He asked the negro why he did not wet the corn before he fed it to the pigs. 'If you do,' he said, 'it will digest in half the time.' The negro, looking up at the professor, said: 'Say, boss, can you tell me what a pig's time is worth?'" The members of the class looked at each other in mute astonishment. For an instant there was dead silence, and then with common accord they broke into loud laughter. "I assure you, gentlemen, there is no application in that story," continued Mr. Washington. He then spoke on the parable of the fig tree, saying: "The lesson to be learned is to avoid being negative, and especially in religious work. I detest a negative Christian. There are lots of them here. You know them as well as I do. The Lord cursed the fig tree because it was negative." He pointed out the duty of whites to [negroes.] The latter, he declared, help to [???] the South. GOV. FRAZIER ON RACE PROBLEMS Inaugural Address of Chief Executive of Tennessee. [*1905*] [*634*] NASHVILLE, Tenn., January 24.--Gov. James B. Frazier was to-day inaugurated as chief executive of Tennessee, to serve his second term. The oath of office was administered by Chief Justice Beard. Following in part is the governor's inauguration address: The exigencies of civil war freed the slave, but the black man remained, and with him a problem unparalleled in its difficulties. The problems of industrial regeneration and of racial adjustment were laid upon the men of the South, and they were commanded to solve them in peace and honor. To reorganize labor and adjust it to the new conditions of citizenship when wisely forced upon the negro, and to harmonize two races by nature wholly dissimilar, living on the same soil, beneath the same skies, on for a century in slavery to the other, and only freed as the sequel to a bloody and desolating war, one of the brave, proud, and cultured race, the other ignorant, uneducated, irresponsible, yet each clothed with equal civil and political rights, presented problems almost superhuman in their difficulties. But our people, in less than forty years, with little help and sympathy from any source, have almost solved the one problem, and, if let undisturbed, are hopeful of solving the other. The cotton crop of the last year was worth nearly $600,000,000, and our grasses and grains, and other farm products much more. This could not have been produced by sullen or discontented labor. But notwithstanding the South's industrial resurrection, its progress, its growth, and unwavering loyalty, there are those who still persist in looking on the South as a selection apart; who still prate of Federal election laws applicable to the South; who still talk of reducing Southern representation, and who would still press upon the South political, if not social, equality of the races. First of all, let us be patient, and keep our heads. Upon the supreme question which touches our racial integrity and racial supremacy, let us give all mankind to understand that there will be neither compromise, nor the shadow of turning; and that the white people of the South must, and will, preserve that civilization which had made them as a race and a people strong and great. Let us with patience bide our time, and if the issue upon these questions come, and I pray God it may not come, then let us calmly and with dignity and firmness stand upon our Constitutional rights and demand that whatever is meted out to us shall be given in like tenor and effect to all other sections of our country. WHITE SLAPS AT ROOSEVELT EX-AMBASSADOR CRITICISES HIM FOR SAVING MURDERER. Declares High Crime is More Prevalent Here Than Anywhere Else, Except Sicily. [*635*] (PHILADELPHIA RECORD.) New York, Dec. 10.--"Much as I admire President Roosevelt as a true man, we have seen today the sorry example of the mistake a strong man can make. The President was appealed to by a colored Baptist minister to save the latter's son from the gallows for the murder of a farmer in Canada. The President listened to the appeal and has succeeded in securing a commution of sentence. I don't admire the President for that." This statement was made today by Andrew D. White, formerly Ambassador to Germany, in the course of an address on "Evolution vs. Revolution Recolution in Politics" before the League for Political Education. Mr. White has declared that high crime is more frequent in this country than anywhere else in the world save Sicily, and that there is a widespread superstition here that it is the duty of the people to protect criminals. "Crime is crime," said Mr. White "and it is our duty to make its prosecution more speedy and less intricate. We should stand together to exterminate criminals." Present American business methods, Mr. White declared, are leading to catastrophies and filling lunatic asylums and poor houses. He predicted that if better methods are not developed Anglo-Saxons will die out and be succeeded by a cruder race of tougher fibre. 1905 -- EIGHTEEN PAGES THE SOUTHERN NEGRO Mr. Curtis Paints a Rather Discouraging Picture DESERTING THE FARM THRONGING TO THE CITY TO LIVE IN IDLENESS. 63/ Work of Booker Washington Praised -- What W. H. Councill is Doing -- Conditions in Alabama By WM. E. CURTIS Special Correspondence of The Evening Star and The Chicago Record-Herald. MONTGOMERY, Ala., March 25, 1905 By the recent census Alabama had 1,921,- 281 population and now must have more than 2,000,000. Last year the people of that state paid in general taxes and otherwise $1,336,500 for school purposes, which, as you will see, was about 60 cents per capita. The school population of the state is about 614,905, so that expenditure was about $2 per child per year. At that rate it cannot be expected that the coming generation will show much improvement over the present. If the citizens of the state would put twice 60 cents, or three times 60 cents, or even ten times 60 cents, for educational purposes, it would be a good investment for them. If they would maintain in every congressional district an industrial school, like that of Booker Washington of Tuskegee or that of W. H. Councill near Huntsville, they might redeem the colored population and protect themselves from what they now consider a menace to their prosperity and happiness. Booker Washington's school is supported by northern money, with the exception of $5,000 per year which he gets from the state, and he spends more than $300,000 annually -- almost 25 per cent as much as is raised by taxation for all the rest of the schools in this state. He runs his institute the year round, while the rural schools (particularly those for colored children), are seldom open for more than three months in the year. He gives his students a thorough training in the trades as well as an excellent grammar school education; while the country children of Alabama simply learn to read and write. He pays his teachers living wages and gives his students wholesome food and comfortable places to sleep, which may not be said of the country school teacher in the south, whose lot is not to be envied. The new constitution of Alabama provides that 65 cents per $100 of assessed property may be raised by general taxation for educational purposes and that individual counties may levy an additional tax of 10 cents on each $100, provided three-fifths of the voters express their approval of the plan at the polls. Nineteen counties have levied this tax, practically without opposition, and two of them -- Perry and Greene -- have the largest proportion of negroes of any of the counties in the state. In addition to this special tax and the general tax, all of the poll taxes, which amount to about $125,000 a year, are devoted to education, and also the proceeds of liquor dispensaries wherever they have been established. In that manner the $1,336,500 is made up. Private Schools. That sum, of course, does not include all of the money expended for education in the state. There are a number of private schools of excellent sanding, which are limited to the rich and the well-to-do portion of the population, because the minimum expense of keeping a pupil at one of these institutions is $250 a year. On the other hand, in some of the rural districts, and particularly in the negro sections, patrons of the schools have raised a little money by private subscription -- a dollar or two each -- to pay the teacher to keep the school running for two or three months after the state funds are exhausted. This is no sacrifice in the great majority of cases. If the negro men and women would pay the school teacher one-half or one-quarter, or even 10 per cent of his fingers; and the women the money they waste for trifles and for dissipation, the schools might easily be kept up for five or six months in the year. But a negro does not seem to have the faculty of holding onto this money. It burns his fingers; and the women have a childish greed for confectionery, glass beads, brass jewelry and for other worthless articles. Nearly every negro cabin has several clocks. Every negress is eager to get a clock. If it is in any way fantastic or unusual she will pay her last dollar for it. A well-known New England speculator down here has the reputation of having cleared nearly $200,000 during the last five or six years peddling fancy clocks on time to the negroes; and clocks are not the most harmful of their penchants. If everything they bought was as harmless it would be a blessing. One of the principal duties of the agents Booker Washington sends out among the colored people is to encourage them to contribute from their private means to extend the school term, and a great deal has been done in that way through the influence of his students. A Deplorable Condition Of the 614,950 children of school age in Alabama 348,196 are white and 266,709 are colored. The total enrollment last year was 334,717, of whom 227,849 were white and 106,868 colored. The average attendance last year was 171,213, which means that more than four children out of every five were not in the schools. Of the children in attendance 113,849 were white and 57,364 were colored. This is a most deplorable situation. Less than one child out of five in the state of Alabama is attending school, and, what is ever worse, the great majority of those children got only three months' schooling during the year. It is said in explanation that there are very few schoolhouses and in scattered communities there are none. The report of the commissioner of education shows that [?] new schoolhouses were built last year. very liberal man and a friend of the negro race says: "The entire negro population are deteriorating as laborers, both as plantation hands and domestic servants. They are leaving the plantations for the towns, where they get more excitement and larger wages; and those who have been brought up in the towns are becoming more and more unreliable. There was a time, even within my recollection, when the negro servant of the south was the best-trained, the most reliable and the most satisfactory in the world, but that generation has passed away and we cannot boast any longer of the superiority of our household servants. There are exceptions, of course, to the general rule, which are due to individual character and environment; but the drift of the race as a whole is downward. The majority are degenerating. Perhaps 35 per cent of the entire negro population in town and in the country are doing well, but 65 per cent are going backward. There is very little room for an educated negro. There is very little for him to do. The opportunities for him to earn a living in a profession are limited, and as his means of support grown less he is tempted to do disreputable acts to make a living. He thinks he is a gentleman and wants to live like one; he is not willing to work and unless he obtains a position which gives him a living he is apt to become disreputable. "Washington is a good man," said Major Screws in reply to an inquiry. "He is doing his best, but he cannot do much. Most of his graduates become school-teachers or go into dressmaking, because that employment pays better than other kinds of work. I never heard of one of them cooking or working out. W.H. Councill's School. "Wherever Washington fails it is not his fault so much as the fault of the material he is working upon. He never gives bad advice. He is a man of fine character and abilities, and the best thing the colored people can do is to follow him. We have a bigger man than Washington in Alabama, however - the ablest negro in the country, and perhaps in the world I refer to W.H. Councill, who has never been advertised and has never been on the lecture platform, although he is one of the greatest natural orators ever born. He was a slave, but has been teaching ever since the war. He has a normal school near Huntsville similar to that of Washington, only it is supported by the state, while Washington's school is supported by northern money. The results are about the same. He has 600 to 800 students, and is teaching them agriculture, carpentering, blacksmithing and the other trades; but his graduates, like those from Tuskegee are not willing to go back to the farms. They want to be teachers or preachers or lawyers and many of them become parasites and yield to their lower instincts and keep going down." The negro preacher is the worst curse in the south as a rule; he is not only a blatant demagogue, but a mischief-maker, and the great majority of the preachers are immoral - the most immoral men among the colored race. The worst man in this town is a negro preacher with the largest congregation in Montgomery, and his influence over them is that of an autocrat. He has been twice tried for murder, for shooting men who have interfered with his love affairs. Leaving Farm for the City. As Major Screws says, there is not question as to the fact that the field hands are deserting the plantations and coming to the towns. You hear that complaint from every quarter, and notwithstanding the large negro population of the state there is a great scarcity of labor. It has been impossible for some of the farmers to get their cotton picked. The streets of the cities are crowded with idle, worthless negroes, and you can count them by groups of tens and twenties hanging around every railway station at which your train stops. They will not work for any wages if they can get a place to sleep and food to eat without it and after a taste of town life [?] back to the farm. Nor is this condition of (?) (?) Alabama. It exists everywhere throughout the south. It is not so bad here as it is in other sections, but the same complaint is heard elsewhere. They told me that conditions were the same in the mines at Birmingham. Operators say that they never expect their negro laborers to go to work after a pay day until their money is gone. Down here in the business part of the city, in the freight yards, on the river and wherever labor is employed the same story is told. The moment the colored man gets a dollar in his pocket he knocks off work until he spends it. And he will not work more than five days a week under any consideration. No matter where he is - on a plantation or on railroad work, or in a factory, he must have a holiday on Saturday to go to town and spend his money, because the stores are closed on Sunday. Traveling through South Carolina two or three years ago I noticed crowds of colored men at every railroad station, and upon inquiry was told that they were loafers who came down daily to enjoy the excitement of seeing the trains come in. That is one of their greatest amusements. At one place I spoke to a brawny black fellow with a good-natured face, who stood leaning against the side of the station, and asked him why he did not go to work. He smiled an indolent sort of a smile and remarked: "No nigger has to work unless he has to, has he?" And that seems to be the way the most of them look at life. Some Encouraging Testimony But occasionally one hears a bit of encouraging testimony on the other side. Now and then you come across a few negroes who are on the up-grade and are making themselves respected and influential. For example, M.T. Burroughs, formerly of Cherokee, Iowa, in 1881 purchased 310,000 acres of land in the Yazoo delta for $1 per acre. He has since sold it off in small tracts on installments, mostly to negro farmers, and has had as many as 440 negro accounts on his books at one time. These accounts represent purchases of from forty to eighty acres each on deferred payments from five to ten years, and Mr. Burroughs says that he has never lost a cent in his transactions with colored land buyers. Every one of them has paid in full the purchase price and interest, and fully 95 per cent of them paid for their land out of the profits of their farming. In some cases they asked him to extend their time of payment, but he never failed to get his money when it was due. Work of Booker Washington Praised -- What W. H. Councill is Doing -- Conditions in Alabama. By WM. E. CURTIS. Special Correspondence of the Evening Star and The Chicago Record-Herald. MONTGOMERY, Ala., March 25, 1905. By the recent census Alabama has 1,923,284 population, and now must have more than 2,000,000. Last year the people of that state paid in general taxed and otherwise $1,336,560 for school purposes, which, as you will see, was about 60 cents per capita. The school population of the state is about 614,905, sothat expenditure was about $2 per child per year. At that rate is cannot be expected that the coming generation will show much improvement over the present. If the citizens of the state would puy their hands down in their pockets and pays twice 60 cents, or three times 60 cents, or even ten times 60 cents, for educational purposes, it would be a good investment for them. If they would maintain in every congressional distrcit an industrial school, like that of Booker Washington of Tuskegee or that of W. H. Councill near Huntsville, they might redeem the colored population and protect themselves from what they now consider a menace to their prosperity and happiness. Booker Washington's school is supported by northern money, with the exception of $5,000 per year which he gets from the state, and he spends more than $300,000 annually--almost 25 per cent as much as is raised by taxation for all the rest of the schools in the state. He runs his institute the year round, while the rural schools (particularly those for colored children), are seldom open more than three monhts in the year. He gives his students a thorough training in the trades as well as an excellent grammar scholl education; while the country children of Alabama simply learn to read and write. He pays his teachers living wages and gives his students wholesome food and comfortable places to sleep, which may not be said of the country school teacher in the south, whose lot is not to be envied. The new constitution of Alabama provides that 65 cents per $100 of assessed propertymay be raised by general taxation for educational purposes and that individual counties may levy an additional tax of 10 cents on each $100, provided three-fifths of the vters express their approval of the plan at th epolls. Nineteen counties have levied this tax, practically without opposition, and two of them--Perry and Greene-- have the largest proportion of negroes of any of the counties in the state. In addition to this special tax and the general tax, all of the poll taxes, which amount to about $125,000 a year, are devoted to education, and also the proceeds of liquor dispensaries wherever they have been established. In that manner the $1,336,560 is made up. Private Schools. That sum, of course, does not include all of the money expended for education in the state. There are a number of private schools of excellent standing, which are limited to the rich and the well-to-do portion of the population, because the minimum expense of keeping a pupil at one of these institutions is $250 a year. On the other hand, in some of the rural districts, and particularly in the negro sections, patrons of the schools have riased a little money by private subscription--a dollar or two each--to pay the tracher to keep the school running for two to three months after the state funds are exhausted. This is no sacrifice in the great majority of cases. If the negro mea nd women would pay the school teacher one-half or one-quarter, on even 10 per cent of the money they waste for trifles and for dissipation, the schools might easily be kept up for five of six months in the year. But a negro does not seem to have the faculty of holding into his money. It burns his fingers; and the women have a childish greed for confectionery, glass beads, brass jewelry and for other worthless articles. Nearly every negro cabin has several clocks. Every negress is eager to get a clock. If it is in any way fantastic or unusual she will pay her last dollar for it. A well-known New England speculator down here has the reputation of having cleared nearly $200,000 during the last five or six years peddling fancy clocks on time to the negroes; and clocks are not the most harmful of their penchants. If everything they bought was as harmless it would be a blessing. One of the pricipal duties f the agents Booker Washington sends out among the colored people is to encourage them to contribute fro their private means to extend the school term, and a great deal has been done is that way through the influence of his students. A Deplorable Condition. Of the 614,905 children of school age in Alabama 348,196 are white and 266,709 are colored. The total enrollment last year was 334,717, of whom 227,849 were white and 106,868 colored. The average attendacne last year was 171,213, which means that more than four children out of every five were not in the schools. Of the children in attendance 113,849 were white and 37,364 were colored. This is a most deplorable situation. Less than one child out of five in the state of Alabama is attending school, and, what is even worse, the great majority of those children got only three months' schooling during the year. It is said in explaination that there are very few schoolhouses and in scattered communities there are none. The report of the commissioner of education shows that 200 new schoolhouses were built last year, which is some encouragement. It is also explained that many families cannot afford to send thier children to school, but that is scarcely possible. The principal reasons for present conditions are neglect on the part of the state to provide school facilities and neglect on the part of the people to utilize them. If Alabama is to advance in civilization, she must build more schoolhouses and hire more teachers, keep her schoolhouses open more than three months in the year and pass a compulsory education law. It is explained that the people are now taxed to the constitutional limit for educational purposes and that it would be unjust to extend it, because Alabama is not like the northern states, in that her taxes are paid by a small proportion of the population. Comparatively few negroes pay taxes and the burden falls entirely upon the white property owners. There is agitation for better schools An association has been formed and is at work creating public opinion. It is using its influence to secure an amendment to the constitution so that each county may take care of its own schools, to allow each community to levy a reasonable tax upon its property to educate its own people. A Discouraging View. Major W. W. Screws, editor of the Montgomery Advertiser, who is regarded as a [words missing] negro. There is very little for him to do. The opportunities for him to earn a living in a profession are limited, and as his means of support grow less he is tempted to do disreputable acts to make a living. He thinks he is a gentleman and wants to live like one; he is willing to work and un less he obtains a position which gives him a living he is apt to become disreputable. "Washington is a good man,' said Major Screws in reply to an inquiry. "He is doing his best, but he cannot do much. Most of his graduates become school-teachers or go into dressmaking because that employment pays better than other kind of work. I never heard of one of them cooking or working out. W. H. Councill's School. "Wherever Washington fails it is not his fault as much as the fault of the material he is working upon. He never give bad advice. He is a man of fine character and abilities, and the best things the colored people can do is follow him. We have a bigger man than Washington in Alabama, however--the ablest negro in the country, and perhaps the world. I refer to W. H. Councill, who has never been advertised and has never been on the lecture platform, although he is one of the greatest natural orators ever born. He was a slave, but has been teaching ever since the war. He has a normal school near Hunstville similar to that of Washington, only it is supported by the state, while Washington's school is supported by northern money. The results are about the same, He has 600 to 800 students, and is traching then agriculture, carpentering, blacksmithing and the other trades; but his graduates, like those from Tuskegee, are not willing to go back to the farms. They want to be teachers or preachers or lawyers, and many of them become parasites and yield to their lower instincts and keep going down." The negro preacher is the worst curse in the south as a rule; he is not only a blatant demagogue, but a mischief-maker, and the great majority of the preachers are immoral--the most immoral men among the colored race. The worst man in this town in the negro preacher with the largest congregation in Montgomery, and his influence over them is that of an autocrat. He has been twice tried for murder, for shooting men who have interfered with his love affairs. Leaving Farm for the CIty. As Major Screws says, there is no question as to the fact that the field hands are deserting the plantations and coming to the towns. You hear that complaint from every quarter, and notwithstanding the large negro population of the state there is a great scarcity of labor. It has been impossible for some of the farmers to get their cotton picked. The streets of the cities are crowded with idle, worthless negroes, and you can count them by groups of ten and twenties hanging around every railway station at which your train stops. They will not work for any wages if they can get place to sleep and food to eat without it, and after a taste of town life [...thing] [word missing] induce either negro man [words missing] back to the farm. Nor is this condition of affair [pecu...] Alabama. It exists everywhere throughout the south. It is not so bad here as it is in other sections, but the same complaint is heard everywhere. They told me that conditions were the same in mines at Birmingham. Operators say that they never expect their negro laborers to go to work after a pay day until the money is gone. Down here in the business part of the city, in the freight yards, on the river and wherever labor is employed the same story is told. The moment a colored man gets a dollar in his pocket he knocks off work until he spends it. And he will not work more than five days a week under any consideration. No matter where he is--on a plantation or on railroad work, or in a factory, he must have a holiday on Saturday to go to town and spend his money, because the stores are closed on Sunday, Traveling through South Carolina two or three years ago I noticed crowds of colored men at every railroad station, and upon inquiry was told that they were loafers who came down daily to enjoy the excitement of seeing the trains come in. That is one of their greatest amusements. At one place I spoke to a brawny black fellow with a good-natured face, who stood leaning against the side of the station, and asked him why he did not go to work. He smiled an indolent sort of a smile and remarked: "No nigger has to work unless he has to, has he?" And that seems to be the way the most of them look at life. Some Encouraging Testimony. But occasionally one hears a bit of encouraging testimony on the other side. Now and then you come across a few negroes who are on the up-grade and are making themselves respected and influential. For example, M. T. Burroughs, formerly of Cherokee, Iowa, in 1881 purchased 310,000 lacres of land in the Yazoo delta for $1 per acre. He has since sold it off in small tracts on installments, most to negro farmers, and has had as many as 440 negro accounts on his books at one time. These accounts represented purchases from forty to eighty acres each on deferred payments from five to ten years, and Mr. Burroughs says that he has never lost a cent in his transactions with colored land buyers. Every one of them has paid in full the purchase price and interest, and fully 95 per cent of them paid for their land out of the profits of their farming. In some cases they asked him to extend their time of payment, but he never failed to get his money when it was due. The school population of the state is about 614,905, so that the expenditure was about $2 per child per year. At that rate it cannot be expected that the coming generation will show much improvement over the present. If the citizens of the state would put their hands down in their pockets and pay twice 60 cents, or three times 60 cents, or even ten times 60 cents, for educational purposes, it would be a good investment for them. If they would maintain in every congressional district an industrial school, like that of Booker Washington of Tuskegee or that of W. H. Councill near Huntsville, they might redeem the colored population and protect themselves from what they now consider a menace to their prosperity and happiness. Booker Washington's school is supported by northern money, with the exception of $5,000 per year which he gets from the state, and he spends more than $300,000 annually—almost 25 per cent as much as is raised by taxation for all the rest of the schools in this state. He runs his institute the year round, while the rural schools (particularly those for colored children), are seldom open more than three months in the year. He gives his students a thorough training in the trades as well as an excellent grammar school education; while the country children of Alabama simply learn to read and write. He pays his teachers living wages and gives his students wholesome food and comfortable places to sleep, which may not be said of the country school teacher in the south, whose lot is not to be envied. The new constitution of Alabama provides that 65 cents per $100 of assessed property may be raised by general taxation for educational purposes and that individual counties may levy an additional tax of 10 cents on each $100, provided three-fifths of the voters express their approval of the plan at the polls. Nineteen counties have levied this tax, practically without opposition, and two of them—Perry and Greene— have the largest proportion of negroes of any of the counties in the state. In addition to this special tax and general tax, all of the poll taxes, which amount to about $125,000 a year, are devoted to education, and also the proceeds of liquor dispensaries wherever they have been established. In that manner the $1,336,560 is made up. Private Schools. That sum, of course, does not include all of the money expended for education in the state. There are a number of private schools of excellent standing, which are limited to the rich and the well-to-do portion of the population, because the minimum expense of keeping a pupil at one of these institutions is $250 a year. On the other hand, in some of the rural districts, and particularly in the negro sections, patrons of the schools have raised a little money by private subscription—a dollar or two each—to pay the teacher to keep the school running for two or three months after the state funds are exhausted. This is no sacrifice in the great majority of cases. If the negro men and women would pay the school teacher one-half or one-quarter, or even 10 per cent of the money they waste for trifles and for the dissipation, the schools might easily be kept up for five or six months in the year. But a negro does not seem to have the faculty of holding onto his money. It burns his fingers; and the women have a childish greed for confectionery, glass beads, brass jewelry and other worthless articles. Nearly every negro cabin has several clocks. Every negress is eager to get a clock. If it is in any way fantastic or unusual she will pay her last dollar for it. A well-known New England speculator down here has the reputation of having cleared nearly $200,000 during the last five or six years peddling fancy clocks on time to the negroes; and clocks are not the most harmful of their penchants. If everything they bought was as harmless it would be a blessing. One of the principal duties of the agents Booker Washington sends out among the colored people is to encourage them to contribute their private means to extend the school term. and a great deal has been done in that way through the influence of his students. A Deplorable Condition. Of the 614,905 children of school age in Alabama 348,196 are white and 266,709 are colored. The total enrollment last year was 334,717, of whom 227,849 were white and 106,868 colored. The average attendance last year was 171,213, which means that more than four children out of every five were not in the schools. Of the children in attendance 113,849 were white and 57,364 were colored. This is a most deplorable situation. Less than one child out of five in the state of Alabama is attending school, and, what is even worse, the great majority of those children got only three months' schooling during the year. It is said in explanation that there are very few schoolhouses and in the scattered communities there are none. The report of the commissioner of education shows that 200 new schoolhouses were built last year, which is some encouragement. It is also explained that many families cannot afford to send their children to school, but that is scarcely possible. The principal reasons for present conditions are neglect on the part of the state to provide school facilities and neglect on the part of the people to utilize them. If Alabama is to advance in civilization, she must build more schoolhouses and hire more teachers, keep her schoolhouses open more than three months in the year and pass a compulsory education law. It is explained that the people are now taxed to the constitutional limit for educational purposes and that it would be unjust to extend it, because Alabama is not like the northern states, in that her taxes are paid by a small proportion of the population. Comparatively few negroes pay taxes and the burden falls entirely upon the white property owners. There is an agitation for better schools. An association has been formed and it is at work creating public opinion. It is using its influence to secure an amendment to the constitution so that each county may take care of its own schools, to allow each community to levy a reasonable tax upon its property to educate its own people. A Discouraging View. Major W.W. Screws, editor of the Montgomery Advertiser, who is regarded as [?] he is working upon. He never gives bad advice. He is a man of fine character and abilities, and the best thing the colored people can do is to follow him. We have a bigger man than Washington in Alabama, however—the ablest negro in the country, and perhaps in the world. I refer to W.H. Councill, who has never been advertised and has never been on the lecture platform, although he is one of the greatest natural orators ever born. He was a slave, but has been teaching ever since the war. He has a normal school near Huntsville similar to that of Washington, only it is supported by the state, while Washington's school is supported by northern money. The results are about the same. He has 600 to 800 students, and is teaching them agriculture, carpentering, blacksmithing and the other trades; but his graduates, like those from Tuskegee, are not willing to go back to the farms. They want to be teachers or preachers or lawyers, and many of them become parasites and yield to their lower instincts and keep going down." The negro preacher is the worst curse in the south as a rule; he is not only a blatant demagogue, but a mischief-maker, and the great majority of the preachers are immoral—the most immoral men among the colored race. The worst man in this town is a negro preacher with the largest congregation in Montgomery, and his influence over them is that of an autocrat. He has been twice tried for murder, for shooting men who have interfered with his love affairs. Leaving Farm for the City As Major Screws says, there is no question as to the fact that the field hands are deserting the plantations and coming to the towns. You hear that complaint from every quarter, and notwithstanding the large negro population of the state there is a great scarcity of labor. It has been impossible for some of the farmers to get their cotton picked. The streets of the cities are crowded with idle, worthless negroes, and you can count them by groups of tens and twenties hanging around every railway station at which your train stops. They will not work for any wages if they can get a place to sleep and food to eat without it; and after a taste of town life nothing will induce either a negro man [?] back to the farm. Nor is this condition of affairs peculiar to Alabama. It exists everywhere throughout the south. It is not so bad here as it is in other sections, but the same complaint is heard everywhere. They told me that conditions were the same in the mines at Birmingham. Operators say that they never expect their negro laborers to go to work after a pay day until their money is gone. Down here in the business part of the city, in the freight yards, on the river and wherever labor is employed the same story is told. The moment a colored man gets a dollar in his pocket he knocks off work until he spends it. And he will not work more than five days a week under any consideration. No matter where he is—on a plantation or on railroad work, or in a factory, he must have a holiday on Saturday to go to town and spend his money, because the stores are closed on Sunday. Travelling through South Carolina two or three years ago I noticed crowds of colored men at every railroad station, and upon inquiry was told that they were loafers who came down daily to enjoy the excitement of seeing the trains come in. That is one of their greatest amusements. At one place I spoke to a brawny black fellow with a good-natured face, who stood leaning against the side of the station, and asked him why he did not go to work. He smiled an indolent sort of smile and remarked: "No nigger has to work unless he has to, has he?" And that seems to be the way the most of them look at life. Some Encouraging Testimony. But occasionally one hears a bit of encouraging testimony on the other side. Now and then you come across a few negroes who are on the up-grade and are making themselves respected and influential. For example, M.T. Burroughs, formerly of Cherokee, Iowa, in 1881 purchased 310,000 acres of land in the Yazoo delta for $1 per acre. He has since sold it off in small tracts on installments, mostly to negro farmers, and has had as many as 440 negro accounts on his books at one time. These accounts represented purchases of from forty to eighty acres each on deferred payments from five to ten years, and Mr. Burroughs says that he has never lost a cent in his transactions with colored land buyers. Every one of them has paid in full the purchase price and interest, and fully 95 percent of them paid for their land out of the profits of their farming. In some cases they asked him to extend their time of payment, but he never failed to get his money when it was due. T indelibly fixed in our natures, and men can no longer compromise with wrong and the devil and hope to escape the frowns and reproaches of an indignant people. The world's humanity, the manhood of the nation, and the growing sentiment of righteousness on the part of a just and brave constituency will forever despise the littleness of the man who in cowardly betrayal allowed a stigma so base and unjust to be imposed upon Kansas. Gov. Hoch could have killed the serpent and saved the state from a burning shame. But looking back upon the black clouds which to-day hang as a mighty pall over the states which have already enacted laws repulsive to the wisdom and humanity of Americans struggling to better conditions, he walked into the darkness of night and like Pilate surrendered his most sacred trust into the hands of men concerned only in asserting their selfish and ambitious designs. The plans and purposes of the democracy of Kansas were well known to the public. But the best people, white and colored, expected Gov. Hoch to stand upon his record and prove himself loyal and true to the cause which he had so long espoused. Instead of that he repudiated his obligation to his fellows, and we need not but know the truth that Gov. Hoch was secretly concerned in having the bill put through. He knew his power and most assuredly he could have defeated the measure. But what does he offer in palliation of his treachery. He says: "I have watched with increasing admiration and pride the wonderful progress made by this people since the Immortal Lincoln made them free. Without yielding an iota of my conviction in reference to the race problem, with all my sympathies going out toward these struggling people and with no sympathy or patience with those who would put a straw in the way of their progress, I have come to the conclusion that under present unfortunate local conditions the best interests of black and white alike will be subserved by permitting this bill to become a law." The governor expresses profound sympathy for this struggling people, and having no sympathy for those who would place a straw in the way of their progress, yet he coolly yields his support to a measure which means proscription, degradation and humiliation to them. In thus yielding he comes to the conclusion that it is best to degrade them than to incur the displeasure of those who would oppress the Afro-American. He permits discrimination and oppression to rule rather than relieve men of their disabilities. 629 the old church and the adjacent burying ground. Praised Richmond Negroes. At one point in the line of march today the President shook hands with Giles B. Jackson, president of the Development Exposition Company, and addressed a gathering of negroes as follows: "I want to congratulate you upon the showing your school children have made, and, further, I wish as an American to congratulate the representatives of the colored race, who have shown such progress in the industrial interests of this city. All they have done in that way, Mr. Jackson, means a genuine progress for the race. I am glad, as an American, for what you are doing. The standing of the bank which in this city is managed by colored men should give genuine pride to all the colored men of this country. Its record is an enviable one. You colored men who show in business life both ability and a high order of integrity are real benefactors, not only of your race, but of the whole country." 630 NEGRO'S COLOR SOLVED U.S. SURG. WOODRUFF'S REASONS IN BRITISH TREATISE. Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. LONDON, April 1, 1905. Surgeon Major Charles Woodruff of the United States army has solved the interesting puzzle, "Why is the negro black?" The answer, roughly summarized, is that his blackness is his defense against the dangers of the sun. The entire question is treated by Major Woodruff in an exhaustive treatise published by Messrs. Robman (limited), under the title of "The Effects of Tropical Light on White Men." Sun rays are divided into two classes-- long and short. The latter are dangerous to all persons who are not defended from them; the former make for heat. To avoid these dangers the pure negro has evolved a black skin and nocturnal habits. The defensive skin is an armor of pigment just under the outer skin. It varies in intensity of color from the coal black negro of the tropics to the white man of northern latitudes. Defensive Skin a Pigment. The pigment is always there--just sufficient in strength to resist the danger in different climes. This accounts for the varying colors of different races--black, red, yellow, copper and white. It is only absent in Albinos--a sign of degeneration, explains Major Woodruff. An extreme illustration of the danger of rays is provided by radium. It is stated that a single pound of radium in a room would kill every one present by the blasting forces of its rays. The negro's nocturnal habits are rendered necessary by the conversion of dangerous sun rays into harmless but uncomfortable heat rays. This is how Major Woodruff states the facts of the case in this respect: Negro a Nocturnal Animal. "The negro is really a nocturnal animal, like the other black animals of the tropics. Left to himself he behaves like the cat-- inclined to sleep all day, hiding away somewhere, and becomes lively, energetic and active at night. In the southern states and plantation negros can be heard all night long, prowling about, shouting, ?inging, courting and chicken stealing. "Their dances, camp meetings and household habits are based on this nocturnal instinct to hide from the light even if they are better protected than we." The negro's natural armor is only efficacious against natural heat. When exposed to artificial heat in a dark atmosphere the black skin ceases to throw off heat and the negro suffers. In a stoke ?le, for instance, he is usually the first ?n to collapse, even when white men are ??? affected. THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, MARCH 25, 1905—PAR? POLITICS IN ALABAMA Effect of the New Constitution. [*628*] PARTY VOTE CUT DOWN OVER 150,000 PERSONS IN THE STATE DISFRANCHISED. General Sympathy of the People With Republican Policies--Reason of Democratic Supremacy. BY WILLIAM E. CURTIS Special Correspondence of The Evening Star and the Chicago Record-Herald. MONTGOMERY, Ala., March 23, 1905. Alabama has a patent new constitution which went into effect November 28, 1901. It defines the qualifications for voters, which are so severe as to shut out the great majority of the negro citizens and a large number of whites from the polls. In order to vote a man must show a registration certificate as evidence that he has fulfilled the requirements of the law and a receipt showing that he has paid the poll tax of $1.50 each year. In size and appearance the certificate resembles a greenback note. It is printed from a plate covered with geometrical designs upon indestructible paper, and is of convenient size so that it may be carried in a pocketbook. Up to the 1st of January, 1903, all citizens had the privilege of registration who could show that they had honorably served in any war or were the lawful descendants of honorably discharged soldiers, and "all persons who are of good character and who understand the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government." The latter clause was intended to shut out the negroes, and it succeeded in doing so. Only about 180,000 persons were allowed to register, of whom about 3,600 were colored. Every person who applied for a certificate was questioned as to his understanding of the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government, and the judges had the authority to decide whether the answers indicated a sufficient degree of intelligence to justify them in granting the applicant the right of suffrage. It was a good deal like a civil service examination, but so far as I can learn the rules were applied to illiterate whites as well as to illiterate negroes. Registration certificates are very highly prized. Thousands of citizens have framed and hung them upon the walls of their houses. Others put them away in strong boxes, as if they were stocks and bonds, for if they are lost duplicates are difficult to obtain. The colored people prize them most. It is considered a distinction to hold a certificate. A man who has the right to vote in Alabama, of whatever color, is looked up to as a superior being, because the law shuts out all riff-raff and tramps, white as well as black. The defenders of the new constitution consider this very important. They think it will stimulate the aspirations of many negroes to secure an education and acquire property. Increasing the Requirements. After the 1st of January, 1903, the requirements for registration were made more strict than before, and now include educational, employment and property qualifications. In order to obtain a voting certificate since that date a man must be able to read and write any article of the Constitution of the United States in the English language; he must have been regularly engaged in some lawful employment, business, occupation, trade or calling for the greater part of the twelve months preceding the date he applies for the privilege of registration unless he is physically unable to work; or he must be the owner, in his own right, or the husband of a wife who is an owner in her own right, of forty acres of farm land or real or personal property assessed for taxation at $300 or more; and he must show evidence that the taxes upon such property have been paid. He must also show that he has paid his poll tax of $1.50 for every year since the 1st of January, 1902, or since he became of age. There is also a long list of disqualifications. No man can vote who has been convicted of crime or misdemeanor, or who lives in adultery, or who ever sold or offered to sell his vote, or ever bought or offered to buy the vote of another, or was ever convicted of election frauds, either at the polls or the primaries. And any person who pays or offers to pay the poll tax of another person or advances him money for that purpose is not only debarred forever from voting, but must serve from one to five years in the penitentiary. The registrars of election are required to publish the lists annually and to revise them for the purpose of striking out the names of persons who shall die or remove from the county or become disqualified for any reason. Over 150,000 Disfranchised. It will thus be seen that the right of suffrage is restricted in Alabama to a very small and select body of citizens, including only those who can read and write, those who are engaged in steady employment, and those who pay taxes. It is estimated that from 150,000 to 200,000 citizens of lawful age have thereby been deprived of the franchise. It is declared [?] called "an organized appetite. " Men take an active part in politics only for the purpose of securing an office; hence republican politics is disreputable and decent men will not act with that party. The negro is out of the way. The new constitution has removed him from politics. The negro voter is no longer an objection. The democratic leaders say that they are now willing to encourage negroes to vote, because to obtain a registration certificate they must be educated or acquire property, and thinking men believe that in local politics the colored taxpayers will be divided between the two parties, if they are guided by their own personal interest. , The lawyers claim that the constitution will stand any test to which it many be subjected. The registration law has already been before the supreme court and was thrown out on account of lack of jurisdiction. The main question is likely to come up at any time, but the ablest jurists have no fear of the result. Thus the race question may be considered as settled in Alabama, and the elective franchise is limited to the intelligent, thinking men of the state; the business men and professional men and the educated classes of mechanics and other wage earners. General Sympathy With Republican Policies. The sentiments of nearly one-half of the democratic party, I am told (and this includes the most influential business and professional men of every community), are in sympathy with the republican administration on the financial question, on the tariff, on its Philippine policy, on its foreign policy, in its efforts to build a Panama canal and to encourage ocean shipping by subsidies. One of the most prominent democrats in the state said this: "Our people like Roosevelt as a man, although they kick about his appointments down here. One-half of the democrats sustain him in everything he has done--Panama and Santo Domingo included--and the other half would do so if it were necessary." While discussing the personality of one of the leading democrats of this state, a very intelligent young woman remarked that he was a republican. Her father dissented. Whereupon she remarked: "Why, papa, I have heard you talk politics with him many a time and you agree on every subject. He believes in everything you believe in, and you are a republican, aren't you?" "You're right, my child," was the reply. "We do agree on every subject; but he's a democrat and I'm a republican;" "How many such democrats are there, do you know, in this state?" I inquired. "Pretty much all my acquaintances are in the same boat," was the reply. "If they lived in the north they would all be republicans, but here in the south it is not considered respectable to belong to that party, even with the negro question out of the way." "It is possible to build up a republican party here," I asked. "Yes; if the present organization could be abolished and the present leaders permanently suppressed." This is the opinion of every person I have talked with, democrat or republican, and it is remarkable how often you hear people say that McKinley would have split the "solid south" if he had lived to serve out his term The democratic party is hopelessly divided into factions; it has no principles that are not obsolete; it has no issues that are popular; its leaders do nothing but criticise the republican administration, and that does not commend them to the public All contests for office are settled at the primaries. A nomination is as good as an election. The new constitution applies to primaries as well as to elections; hence it has reduced the numerical strength of the party at least one-half. PLACES OF INTEREST. OVER 150,000 PERSONS IN THE STATE DISFRANCHISED. General Sympathy of the People With Republican Policies--Reason of Democratic Supremacy. BY WILLIAM E. CURTIS Special Correspondence of The Evening Star and the Chicago Record-Herald. MONTGOMERY, Ala., March 23, 1905. Alabama has a patent new constitution which went into effect November 28, 1901. It defines the qualifications for voters, which are so sever as to shut out the great majority of the negro citizens and a large number of whites from the polls. In order to vote a man must show a registration certificate as evidence that he has fulfilled the requirements of the law and a receipt showing that he has paid the poll tax of $1.50 each year. In size and appearance the certificate resembles a greenback note. It is printed from a plate covered with geometrical designs upon indestructible paper, and is of convenient size so that it may be carried in a pocketbook. Up to the 1st of January, 1903, all citizens had the privilege of registration who could show that they had honorably served in any war or were the lawful descendants of honorably discharged soldiers, and "all persons who are of good character and who understand the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government." The latter clause was intended to shut out the negroes, and it succeeded in doing so. Only about 180,000 persons were allowed to register, of whom about 3,600 were colored. Every person who applied for a certificate was questioned as to his understanding of the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government, and the judges had the authority to decide whether the answers indicated a sufficient degree of intelligence to justify them in granting the applicant the right of suffrage. It was a good deal like a civil service examination, but so far as I can learn the rules were applied to illiterate whites as well as to illiterate negroes. Registration certificates are very highly prized. Thousands of citizens have framed and hung them upon the walls of their houses. Others put them away in strong boxes, as if they were stocks and bonds, for if they are lost duplicates are difficult to obtain. The colored people prize them most. It is considered a distinction to hold a certificate. A man who has the right to vote in Alabama, of whatever color, is looked up to as a superior being, because the law shuts out all riff-raff and tramps, white as well as black. The defenders of the new constitution consider this very important. They think it will stimulate the aspirations of many negroes to secure an education and acquire property. Increasing the Requirements. After the 1st of January, 1903, the requirements for registration were made more strict than before, and now include educational, employment and property qualifications. In order to obtain a voting certificate since that date a man must be able to read and write any article of the Constitution of the United States in the English language; he must have been regularly engaged in some lawful employment, business, occupation, trade or calling for the greater part of the twelve months preceding the date he applies for the privilege of registration unless he is physically unable to work; or he must be the owner, in his own right, or the husband of a wife who is an owner in her own right, of forty acres of farm land or real or personal property assessed for taxation at $300 or more; and he must show evidence that the taxes upon such property have been paid. He must also show that he has paid his poll tax of $1.50 for every year since the 1st of January, 1902, or since he became of age. There is also a long list of disqualifications. No man can vote who has been convicted of crime or misdemeanor, or who lives in adultery, or who ever sold or offered to sell his vote, or ever bought or offered to buy the vote of another, or was ever convicted of election frauds, either at the polls or the primaries. And any person who pays or offers to pay the poll tax of another person or advances him money for that purpose is not only debarred forever from voting, but must serve from one to five years in the penitentiary. The registrars of election are required to publish the lists annually and to revise them for the purpose of striking out the names of persons who shall die or remove from the county or become disqualified for any reason. Over 150,000 Disfranchised. It will thus be seen that the right of suffrage is restricted in Alabama to a very small and select body of citizens, including only those who can read and write, those who are engaged in steady employment, and those who pay taxes. It is estimated that from 150,000 to 200,000 citizens of lawful age have thereby been deprived of the franchise. It is declared, too, that the number of voters is decreasing annually, and will continue to decrease because of the accumulative poll tax, which must be paid voluntarily every year before the 1st of February, whether there is an election or not. A great many people forget or neglect to pay, because there is no one officially remind them when it is due. There are means by which a voter can make up the arrears of poll taxes, and it is necessary for him to do so before he is allowed to vote. It is believed that there are now altogether about 200,000 persons registered, but less than 100,000 voted at the presidential election in November. The following table shows the vote of Alabama at the last three presidential elections: 1896. 1900. 1904. Democratic ................ 131,226 96,338 79,857 Republican ................ 54,737 55,634 22,427 Both Parties Decreasing. It will be noticed that many congressional districts in the north cast more votes than the entire population of Alabama. It will also be noticed that the vote of both parties is rapidly falling off. The insignificant vote cast by the republican party in 1904 is partially due to the widespread unpopularity of President Roosevelt. Several of his appointments in this state have outraged public sentiment and are condemned by every decent citizen of both parties, excepting the politicians who have profited by them. It is charged that he has violated the principles he has himself advocated with the greatest earnestness and has not only appointed bad men to office, but has transferred them from one part of the state to another and forced them upon an unwilling people without reference to the opinion or desires of the people. Every one who discusses this subject, however, offers an apology for him. They say that he has been deceived and betrayed by men whom he has trusted, but at the same time has disregarded the protests of honest citizens [???] have endeavored to set him right, and has relied upon the judgment and recommendations of professional jected. The registration law has already been before the supreme court and was thrown out on account of lack of jurisdiction. The main question is likely to come up at any time, but the ablest jurists have no fear of the result. Thus the race question may be considered as settled in Alabama, and the elective franchise is limited to the intelligent, thinking men of the state; the business men and professional men and the educated classes of mechanics and other wage earners. General Sympathy With Republican Policies. The sentiments of nearly one-half of the democratic party, I am told (and this includes the most influential business and professional men of every community), are in sympathy with the republican administration on the financial question, on the tariff, on its Philippine policy, on its foreign policy, in its efforts to build a Panama canal and to encourage ocean shipping by subsidies. One of the most prominent democrats in the state said this: "Our people like Roosevelt as a man, although they kick about his appointments down here. One-half of the democrats sustain him in everything he has done--Panama and Santo Domingo included--and the other half would do so if it were necessary." While discussing the personality of one of the leading democrats of this state, a very intelligent young woman remarked that he was a republican. Her father dissented. Whereupon she remarked: "Why, papa, I have heard you talk politics with him many a time and you agree on every subject. He believes in everything you believe in, and you are a republican, aren't you?" "You're right, my child," was the reply. "We do agree on every subject; but he's a democrat and I'm a republican;" "How many such democrats are there, do you know, in this state?" I inquired. "Pretty much all my acquaintances are in the same boat," was the reply. "If they lived in the north they would all be republicans, but here in the south it is not considered respectable to belong to that party, even with the negro question out of the way." "It is possible to build up a republican party here," I asked. "Yes; if the present organization could be abolished and the present leaders permanently suppressed." This is the opinion of every person I have talked with, democrat or republican, and it is remarkable how often you hear people say that McKinley would have split the "solid south" if he had lived to serve out his term The democratic party is hopelessly divided into factions; it has no principles that are not obsolete; it has no issues that are popular; its leaders do nothing but criticise the republican administration, and that does not commend them to the public All contests for office are settled at the primaries. A nomination is as good as an election. The new constitution applies to primaries as well as to elections; hence it has reduced the numerical strength of the party at least one-half. PLACES OF INTEREST. [???] in doing so. Only about 180,000 persons were allowed to register, of whom about 3,000 were colored. Every person who applied for a certificate was questioned as to his understanding of the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government, and the judges had the authority to decide whether the answers indicated a sufficient degree of intelligence to justify them in granting the applicant the right of suffrage. it was a good deal like a civil service examination, but so far as I can learn the rules were applied to illiterate whites as well as to illiterate negroes. Registration certificates are very highly prized. Thousands of citizens have framed and hung them upon the walls of their houses. Others put them away in strong boxes, as if they were stocks and bonds, for if they are lost duplicates are difficult to obtain. The colored people prize them most. It is considered a distinction to hold a certificate. A man who has the right to vote in Alabama, of whatever color, is looked up to as a superior being, because the law shuts out all riff-raff and tramps, white as well as black. The defenders of the new constitution consider this very important. They think it will stimulate the aspirations of many negroes to secure an education and acquire property. Increasing the Requirements. After the 1st of January, 1903, the requirements for registration were made more strict than before, and now include educational, employment and property qualifications. In order to obtain a voting certificate since that date a man must be able to read and write any article of the Constitution of the United States in the English language; he must have been regularly engaged in some lawful employment, business, occupation, trade or calling for the greater part of the twelve months preceding the date he applies for the privilege of registration unless he is physically unable to work; or he must be the owner, in his own right, or the husband of a wife who is an owner in her own right, of forty acres of farm land or real or personal property assessed for taxation at $300 or more; and he must show evidence that the taxes upon such property have been paid. He must also show that he has paid his poll tax of $1.50 for every year since the 1st of January, 1902, or since he became of age. there is also a long list of disqualifications. No man can vote who has been convicted of crime or misdemeanor, or who lives in adultery, or who ever sold or offered to sell his vote, or ever bought or offered to buy the vote of another, or was ever convicted of election frauds, either at the polls or the primaries. And any person who pays or offers to pay the poll tax of another person or advances him money for that purpose is not only debarred forever from voting, but must serve from one to five years in the penitentiary. The registrars of election are required to publish the lists annually and to revise them for the purpose of striking out the names of persons who shall die or remove from the county or become disqualified for any reason. Over 150,000 Disfranchised. It will thus be seen that the right of suffrage is restricted in Alabama to a very small and select body of citizens, including only those who can read and write, those who are engaged in steady employment, and those who pay taxes. It is estimated that from 150,000 to 200,000 citizens of lawful age have thereby been deprived of the franchise. It is declared, too, that the number of voters is decreasing annually, and will continue to decrease because of the accumulative poll tax, which must be paid voluntarily every year before the 1st of February, whether there is an election or not. A great many people forget or neglect to pay, because there is no one to officially remind them when it is due. There are means by which a voter can make up the arrears of poll taxes, and it is necessary for him to do so before he is allowed to vote. It is believed that there are now altogether about 200,000 persons registered, but less than 100,000 voted at the presidential election in November. The following table shows the vote of Alabama at the last three presidential elections: 1896. 1901. 1904. Democratic 131,226 96,338 79,857 Republican 54,737 55,634 22,472 Both Parties Decreasing. It will be noticed that many congressional districts in the north cast more votes than the entire population of Alabama. It will also be noticed that the vote of both parties is rapidly falling off. The insignificant vote cast by the republican party in 1904 is partially due to the widespread unpopularity of President Roosevelt. Several of his appointments in this state have outraged public sentiment and are condemned by every decent citizen of both parties, excepting the politicians who have profited by them. It is charged that he has violated the principles he has himself advocated with the greatest earnestness and has not only appointed bad men to office, but has transferred them from one part of the state to another and forced them upon an unwilling people without reference to the opinion or desires of the people. Every one who discusses this subject, however, offers an apology for him. They say that he has been deceived and betrayed by men whom he has trusted, but at the same time has disregarded the protests of honest citizens who have endeavored to set him right, and has relied upon judgment and recommendations of professional politicians whose reputations should be known to him. Every man with whom I have talked tells me that a large portion of the business men of Alabama sympathize with the principles of the republican party, and that it would be easily possible to build up a respectable and even strong organization in this state if the present leaders were deposed and a different class of men intrusted with the control of the organization. Everyone agrees that the first step must be to shut out all officeholders from county, state and national conventions, and to prohibit them from serving on committees and otherwise taking an active part in politics. For a quarter of a century the republican party in Alabama has been what Emery Storrs [???} [??]publicans, but here in the south it is not considered respectable to belong to that party, even with the negro question out of the way." "Is it possible to build up a republican party here," I asked. "Yes, if the present organization could be abolished and the present leaders permanently suppressed." This is the opinion of every person I have talked with, democrat or republican, and it is remarkable how often you hear people say that McKinley would have split the "solid south" if he had lived to serve out his term. The democratic party is hopelessly divided into factions; it has no principles that are not obsolete; it has no issues that are popular; its leaders do nothing but criticise the republican administration, and that does not comment them to the public. All contests for an office are settled at the primaries. A nomination is as good as an election. he new constitution applies to primaries as well as to elections; hence it has reduced the numerical strength of the party at least one-half. NEGRO QUESTION IS BIG ISSUE IN OHIO; BACK REPUBLICANS Indiana and Illinois Alarmed With Sister State by Doubling of Colored Vote. BY C. C. BRAINERD. Columbus, O., Sept. 22 - Nobody can make a study of the political situation in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois - even a casual study - without encountering the negro question. It is far more conspicuous than four years ago. Already it is assuming proportions that point to troublesome issues in the near future. The negro has flocked into these States during the past few years in great numbers. Ohio's negro population in particular has grown with extraordinary rapidity. It is estimated to be at least double that of four years ago. The negroes in these States are chiefly city dwellers. They have entered white residential neighborhoods, with the inevitable result that the whites have been moving out, leaving the field almost clear to the negroes. They have several newspapers in Ohio alone. They have been asserting their right to travel in sleeping and parlor cars, and on many occasions their presence has been embarrassing to to the whites. the rail- (Continued on Page 15.) TOMORROW IN THE EAGLE and daily thereafter "THE GIRL NEXT DOOR" Ruby M. Ayres's Interesting Love Story. Don't Miss the First Installment - Tomorrow. THE CONSTITUTION; ATLANTA, AG., FEBRUARY 19, THEODORE ROOSEVELT WARNED BY UNCANNY MADAME DE THEBES Mme. de Thebes, Reading the German Emperor [*652*] [?] is the hand of your [life?] as you make it, I see a horrible and imminent death. In your left, which is the hand of fate, I see a long and brilliant career. This means that you are run, of your own free will and from sheer foolhardiness, to your death." He laughed and said: "It is a secret which I had not intended announcing, but I today decided to undertake a fresh exploring expedition into Africa." The Marquis de Mores, who had fought with cowboys when he was a ranchman, could not be frightened by a woman's word. He went to Africa and was foully murdered by Arabs. Madame de Thebes has just made a statement of events which are soon to transpire. It is interesting to have her opinion, even if it is taken simply as the ideas of a learned woman who knows the world. "President Roosevelt, according to the stars, through personal strength of character, will make his country high among the nations, but he is always in danger, and must particularly guard himself against negroes. "There will be a terrific clash in Wall street during the year, and catastrophes by fire and sword. It will be a disastrous year for France on the Bourse. "Edward VII has a strong will, but is sick, and the same applies to the kaiser. "I see Russia in the unhappiest position, with black clouds over the country and the horrors of a revolution. I trust I am mistaken, but it appears not." Madame de Thebes [??] 2 Avenue Wagram, near the Arc de Triumph. She has a beautiful home, not differing much from that of other people of wealth and refinement. There is nothing either extravagant or eccentric in the surroundings. There are curios from all lands, photograph bearing the autographs of famous people, and casts in bronze or plaster of the hands that help to lead the world; but there is nothing affecting mystery. Madame de Thebes moves in the very best of Parisian society, and an invitation to be present at one of the charming little gatherings of bright people who meet when her doors swing open, is never known to be declined by any one. THE CONSTITUTION; ATLANTA, AG., FEBRUARY 19, THEODORE ROOSEVELT WARNED BY UNCANNY MADAME DE THEBES Mme. de Thebes, Reading the German Emperor By G. W. Melville. Special Cable. PARIS, February 18. - When Paris becomes interested in anything the world is interested at once. For Paris is blase, and its enthusiasm - which burns so brightly when it finally flames - is hard to kindle. Especially it is hard to interest Paris in a woman; for the whole world of femininity is ever seeking the favor of the gay French capital, and it can well afford to pose the connisseur. All Paris is just now talking of a woman, and, of course, when Paris is talking of a fair one the world is listening - listening just now to wonderful stories of Madame de Thebes, seeress, social favorite, goddaughter of Alexandre Dumas, friend of all the brightest men and women of the continent. In Paris, as every place else, from the jungles of Africa to a Texas cow town, there are fortune tellers. Madame de Thebes is a gazer into the future, but among all the others who claim to be on speaking terms with the Fates there is none like her. Many of the important happenings of recent years have been publicly predicted by this remarkable woman long before their occurrence. The correctness of her forereading of events has come to attract the attention of statesmen, scientists and savants who are not to be humbugged. When but a girl this remarkable woman expressed to Dumas a desire to ho on the stage. He was a dabbler in the occult himself, however, and he saw in her other things than the glimmer of the footlights and the actor's mask. At his suggestion she studied palmistry. Her preceptor was the Chevalier d'Arpentigny, the originator of modern palmistry. Then she worked with Desbaiolles, who after d'Arpentigny's death, was the world's greatest palmist. No more apt pupil was ever known. The beautiful girl became more proficient in the lore that finds its expression in the lines of the palm than the wise men who had taught her all they knew. She did not have to approach fame slowly. One day Paris knew her not; the next day it echoed with her name. It happened like this: DUmas determined to put to test the power of his goddaughter, and he called to his house twelve physiologists, members of the faculty of Medicine and of the institute of France. There was a dinner, at which were present only the thirteen men; the women they were to meet was not present, nor did she see the guests. After the cigarettes the guests were led, one by one, into a small room, where a curtain hung. A hand was thrust through the curtain, but the learned man of science could not be seen by the person behind the screen. While each man listened, in amazement, he heard all sorts of things about himself - secrets he thought known only to himself. The next day The Figaro had the story, and since that time Madame de Thebes had been no small part of Paris. Of all things, she is a student; and deeply, she had delved into the mysteries that lie hidden at the base of the Himalayas, jealousy guarded, handed down from priest to priest. She has learned all that a modern mind may ever know of the wonder working of the Chaldaens and the ancient Egyptiand, and her lifetime of association with the great minds of Europe has given to all her learning a dazzling polish. She has read the life lines of the world's greatest men and women. There is scarcely a crowned head of Eurepe who has not at some time or other called upon Madame de Thebes to gaze upon the life lines of the hand that wields the sceptre. Queen Christiana, of Spain, summoned her to Madrid not long before the coronation of the young king. Queen Margarita, of Italy also sent for her to obtain a forecast of the future of the present king, Victor Emmanuel, after his father's death. The royal patrons of Madame de Thebes naturally know the heaviest veil of secrecy over their attempts to obtain through her a peep into the future. The visit to the queen of Italt was quite romantle enough to suit the most turgid writer of schoolgirl romances. An attache of the italian embassy in Paris summoned Madame de Thebes, and she was told that she was to go to Italy to meet a woman whose face she woulf not see. She met the queen, who was closely veiled, in a peasant's huf, and at once told her who she was, and told the royal mother what she wanted to know. One of the strangest life-stories she everread on the human palm was that of Draga Maschin. One day a beautiful woman called on the palmist, and was told that she was of humble origin, but was destined to know royal grandeur, would evenn wear a crown. That was all she said. "Well, the rest. I want to know, clear to the end," the beautiful one demanded, and Madame de Thebes said: "I see many men around you. Their faces mean death. You will be horribly murdered." The woman shrugged her shoulders. "Oh, well," said she, "if I attain my ambitions the rest does not matter." This Draga Maschin married King Alexander, of Servia - and the world knows the story of her tragic death. A few days bafore the automobile accident that resulted in the death of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Fair, Mrs. Fair visited Madame de Thebes. Mrs. Fair was told that she was threatened with sudden death by accident, and was warned to beware of automobiles. Mrs. Fair told all her friends about the warning, but did not heed it. There is no end to the stories that have in recent years connected the name of this woman with strange happenings in the lives of people most in the eyes of the world. When King Edward was at the points of death the London Times asked her is he would recover. She said "Yes." Race Man Named Editor of Radio Magazine, Tells Success Secrets NEW YORK, N.Y., Nov. 11 Rufus P. Turner, thirty-one-year-old wizard has just been named managing editor of "Radio," one of America's outstanding technical journals, according to an announcement in the November issue of Opportunity magazine. Turner has been with Radio since August of this year. Before that he was employed by the Waltham Watch company to develop radio-controlled clocks and watches, and by the National Company of Boston, manufacturers of short-wave apparatus, as a radio engineer. No Formal Training The most amazing feature of his career is that he has had no formal training in radio or radio engineering in his entire career. A graduate of Armstrong high school, Washington, D.C., he startled wireless experts while a student there by building a radio set on a common pin. It was this set that first won national attention for him and led to his employment by the Waltham company. According to the magazine, Mr. Turner firmly believes that the field of radio operation and engineering is one that is open to Race members from the bottom to the top. "But," he is quoted as saying, "the Negro applicant for a position must have, in addition to the fundamental knowledge that he can obtain in school or at the work-bench, and extra something--some specialized training or experience not obtainable either in the college or in the laboratory. Must Know Field "His task, then, is first to get a thorough background of training, then to acquire experience at the particular branch of work he has chosen, and finally to develop for himself a specialized field in which he can get 'get the jump' on others with equal training and experience. "There are unlimited possibilities for the Negro worker in radio, but each individual must make his own way....Radio is like any other field --a colored man must be twice as good as the best white applicant or he's not even considered...." HANDY HOME USES MOROLINE SNOW-WHITE PETROLEUM JELLY JARS 5C and 10C NATURE'S OWN REMEDIES Sores, Pellagra, Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Bad Blood, Bad Skin, Weak Nature, Wandering of Mind, Nervousness, Use Cosmetics that do not harm your skin. Treatment $1.95. NATIONAL PRODUCT CO. Mound Bayou, Miss. Beware Coughs from common colds That Hang On No matter how many medicines you have tried for your common cough, chest cold, or bronchial irritation, you may get relief now with Creomulsion. Serious trouble may be brewing and you cannot afford to take a chance with any remedy less potent than Creomulsion, which goes right to the seat of the trouble and aids nature to soothe and heal the inflamed mucous membranes and to loosen and expel germladen phlegm. Even if other remedies have failed, don't be discouraged, try Creomulsion. Your druggist is authorized to refund your money if you are not thoroughly satisfied with the benefits obtained. Creomulsion is one word, ask for it plainly, see that the name on the bottle is Creomulsion, and you'll get the genuine product and the relief you want. (Adv.) Philadelphia Bank Is 18 Years Old PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 11--An important anniversary in the business [*Sunday, May 1st 1938*] SAYS WOMEN MAKE ONE BIG MISTAKE Newark, N.J.— White-haired Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, in a simple black velvet gown that added to her reputation as one of American's best dressed women, traced the gifts of women to the world in an hour's speech, Sunday before a throng in East Orange High School. The distinguished first president of the National Association of Colored Women, who didn't once refer to a single note, left the audience amazed at her gifts of speech, her perfect platform poise, and a vitality that the years have not dampened. She found that if the future of colored women is judged by the past there is no reason for alarm. She had one big criticism of her sex, however. Neglect for Fallen Women "Too many of us coldly neglect our sisters, the unfortunate women who have fallen" she said, "while the men who have been their partners in evil are eagerly reclaimed by the church." Mrs. Terrell was presented by the Friendly Circle of Pilgrim Baptist Church assisted by the State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs. She said there were few cities and town in the nation where a colored woman had not founded a private school of some kind. In describing how women had built up the churches she said oldest Baptist Church, First African of Savannah, was founded by three colored women and one man in 1788. Mary Church Terrel MRS. TERRELL WORLD FAITH'S DELEGATE [*July 17 1937 Boston Guardian*] Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, widow of Judge Robert Terrell of Washington D.C., first president of the National Association of Women has for the third time been selected to represent it in an INTERNATIONAL convention abroad. She sailed, June 30, for London, England, where the International Assembly of World Fellowship of Faiths is in session, from July 7-17 Mrs. Terrell, a graduate of Oberlin College, and a delegate to the Assembly, delivered her address in three languages (English, French and German) at an international meeting in Berlin, Germany, some years, and was the only one to do so. [*Evening Star - Dec. 4, '40*] Mrs. Mary Terrell Gets [*in New York Nov. 26, 1940*] Social Service Citation Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, former member of the Washington Board of Education, and the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, received a citation for social service work at the Woman's Centennial Congress held recently in New York City. Mrs. Terrell, one of the first women apopointed to the Board of Education here, served 11 years. She has represented the women of her group abroad three times—at the International Congress of Women, in Berlin in 1904 where she was the only American delegate to deliver her address in three languages— German, French and English; in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1919, where, as a delegate to the International League for Peace and Freedom, she delivered in German a talk on the progress and problems of colored women, and in London, in 1937, where she addressed a meeting of the World Fellowship of Faiths. [*Afro American April 6--35*] Woman's Day Speaker MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL wife of the late Judge Robert Terrell, and ardent woman crusader, who will be the principal speaker at the annual Woman's Day exercises to beheld at the Florida Avenue Baptist Church, Sunday morning at 11 o'clock. In the evening, Mrs. T. C. Alexander, president of the Capital Guidance Association, will speak in continuance of the exercises. Miss Aliene Carrington is chairman of the program committee. [*Aug 21--1937*] Mary Church Terrell of Washington, an internationally know club woman, recently returned from London, was the guest of Mrs. Ella Francisco of Walnut Street, Newark N. J. while in the city Friday. [*[S - 29 -28]*] THE WASHINGTON POST Hope for Great Britain Depends on Women, Asserts Lady Astor as Election Approaches Fresh and Young Blood Is Described as Need of Government. Feminine Sex Will Come to Power Some Day, Peeress Asserts. International Coalition Will Bring Lasting Peace, She predicts. Flappers Are Defended as Serious Young Women Seeking Improvement. By CORALIE VAN PAASSEN. Plymouth, May 28 (N.Y.W.N.S.) "Woman and woman alone is going to save England from the tremendous crisis in which the country finds itself." declared Lady Aston, American-born peeress, who was the first woman to take her seat in the House of Commons ten years ago as member for the Sutton division of Plymouth in Southwestern England. At that time the House of Commons was the sacrosanct preserve of men par excellence. Lady Astor's appearance in that body was greeted over the country with smiles and shoulder-shruggings. Her political ambitions were dubbed the whims and fancies of an eccentric American woman with lots of time on her hands. Today Lady Astor is considered the person who took the destiny of English women in her hands ten years ago. She has championed their rights and fought for their interests single handed and alone often, but has won the respect and the hearing of all parties in England. Mansion Is Headquarters. Viscountess Astor has turned her palatial Plymouth mansion, that stands on a terrace overlooking the ocean, into campaign headquarters. Right across the front of the house runs a banner with letters six foot high saying "Astor for Sutton!" Americans returning home to the United States on any of the French line steamers which have Plymouth as their British port of call generally assemble on the deck these days and send a cheer in the direction of their countrywoman, whose whirlwind election tactics have alternately shocked and thrilled Englishmen and visitors to the country alike. In front of the house stand two limousines, motors running night and Henry Miller Service. LADY NANCY ASTOR. can away." he declared, with a somewhat condescending attempt at kindliness. Calls Self Rebel. Within two minutes I was ushered into an immense drawing room on the first floor, strutting past a dozen politicians and Plymouth ward bosses cooling their heels in the hallway below Lady Astor was having tea "en famille" Lord Astor, his mother and Lady Astor's children were grouped around the table, An animated discussion about the afternoon's meeting, just terminated, was going on. His lordship was trying to tell his wife that she should obey the chairman at political meetings. "But I won't be ruled by anybody," she declared with an emphatic gesture the welfare of England's women that we fight for." Lady Astor has lost nothing of her American progressiveness and vigor, in spite of the fact that she has become completely immersed in English public life. If she is known as one of London's most brilliant hostesses, it is because of the unconventionality and naturalness of the Southerner that she has retained. She still talks with a charming Virginia drawl. Her 21-year-old son winced visibly when his mother referred to her husband, Lord Astor, as "Pa" before a strange caller. And a shocked silence reigned when she went on to declare that "England is hopelessly behind the United States." Prohibition is Urged. "You will realize how far we are behind conditions at home," she said, "when you know we haven't even local option, let alone prohibition, in this country. And nobody has the nerve to speak of it, either. You might think Lloyd George, the man of the Methodist Church, would have made temperance one of the planks in his platform. But nothing like that has happened. He never mentions it. Nor does Ramsay MacDonald. In his party there is a strong temperance element. But MacDonald acts as if it does not exist. [?t] they can not deny that women are overwhelmingly in favor of it. "The talk scattered about that women will have no influence in this election is refuted by the figures. There are 1,800,000 women under 25 going to vote this time. Many of them, I know, are keenly aware of their duty as electors. They are not so much concerned with party lines as the leaders are fond of believing. They will vote for the candidate who has shown himself conversant with women's interests and the requirements of the home. "The man who talks high-falutin' nonsense and complicated diplomacy during his campaign will find himself sharply called to order on election night. Women want common sense, no lazy promises or the man in the moon. They want work for themselves and their masculine relatives. They don't want to hear about new wars and engagements far away from home. They want to know why we in England haven't more maternity clinics as in Holland, why we don't pay widows a decent pension, why children haven't [?ee] milk in schools as in New York, why there aren't more playgrounds and fresh air opportunities for children during the summer holidays. Cries for New Blood WOMEN ARE CALLED BRITAIN'S ONLY HOPE Lady Astor Avers Feminine Sex Eventually Will Run Government. PREDICT INTERNATIONALE Continued from Page 7. as some candidates will find out on election day." To my question if Lady Astor envisaged a separate woman's party in England in the future, she replied: "No, not immediately. And it isn't necessary perhaps. Women will understand each other. Not only across party lines, but also across boundaries and international frontiers. "I tell you the day is coming when there'll be a Woman's Internationale in the world. Women from all countries will stand together and enforce peace and good will between the nations. Women have been the greatest sufferers in the wars of the past. And they are not going to let men have all the say in the future. "Grace obstacles will stand in our path. But I am in communication with women leaders from all countries. We all see the path clearly before us. My greatest hope is in the women of the Nordic countries. The Holland women, for instance, whom I met last year during my visit to their country, impressed me greatly with their fine intelligence and their common sense. All good things in this world, all the lasting values, I mean, have come from Nordic countries." "And Mussolini?" I queried. "Mussolini! Just a flash, that's all." said Lady Astor. "All the so-called great men from southern countries were of a very temporary value. The Nordics are thorough. They build carefully, thoughtfully. Their work is permanent. Mussolini may think a lot of himself. He doesn't know women." "Mother has a Nordic bias," interjected young Lord Astor. "Perhaps I have," went on Lady Astor, "but look at Latin countries and compare them with Holland and Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Germany and our own United States. And it's not only a question of temperament, either. The drink evil is supreme in Latin countries." Turning to the election campaign, Lady Astor denied that the flapper-voter was not interested in political affairs. "Tens of thousands of them will go to the polls specifically as women," she said. "Wherever I have gone I have found the so-called flapper a serious-minded young woman." "Those who maintain that woman's work is essentially in the home are right only in so far that woman has as great an interest in the government of her country as man. The party that isn't paying any attention to problems of the home is lost. Woman has forced them into this action, and will go on forcing the parties until conditions improve. That is why the great majority of the 5,250,000 women voters in England are growing conscious of their strength and power to do good. Our English election will have a repercussion throughout the whole world. It will hasten the day when there will be an internationale of women, or rather a superinternationalism of all women of the world banded together to bring light and happiness into the home. "That's why women are for peace and friendly relations with all peoples, especially with the United States." make room for fresh and [?] [?ood] in the government—that will be [?e] order of the woman voter. She is [?red] of eternally hearing the same propositions dealt with by the same [?d] men. Just to show you what the politicians are very seriously concerned over the woman vote, look at the kewpie dolls that candidates are driving away. It's another sign that they hope to catch the good will of the girls. The dolls they give away are not in the form of gorgeous dames and pierrots, but effigies of Messrs. Baldwin, Lloyd George and MacDonald. Little mascots to please little girls. It's an insult to the intelligence and the matter-of-factness of the woman voter. CONTINUED ON PAGE 12, COLUMN 3. [postage stamp in right hand corner with text as follows] Frankomarke Timbre-poste Francobollo 5 ct*) [three columns] Scherizerische Postverwaltung | Postes swisses [*viel*] | Poste svizzere Empfangschein |Récépissé | Ricevuta *) Für taxpflichtige Empfangscheine. - Pour les récépissés soumis à la taxe. Per le ricevute soggette alla tassa. *) [three columns] Die unterzeichnete Psotstelle | L'Office de poste soussigné |L'ufficio postale sottoscritto beacheinigt,zur Bererderung | signe delcare avoir recu | scritto dichiara d'aver ricevuto derung erhalten zu haben | a fin d'expedition: | cevuto per laspedizione: Gegenstand:} | {Wertangabe oder Betrag: | Fr. Ct ] Franco 30 Objet: } | { Valeur déclarée ou montant: |Fr. Ct. } Oggelto } | { Valore dichiarato o importo: Gegenstand }| { Nachnahme: Objet:} | { Remboursement: { Rimborso: pour. [*Tchmidlen?] | in} | [Jern?} a} a [stamped seal on left side] ZURICH 12 V4911- BRF AUFG Interschrifr:} Signature:} L Walsh Firma:} Der in Schraffierung nach Einitagung der Zahlen leer vleibende Raum ist mit starken Querstrichen auszufullen. 1st keine Eintragung zu machen, so sind die Striche quer durch die ganza Schraffierung zu ziehen. L'espace de la hachure non occupe par des chiffres doit etre rempli par de lories barres a faire, les barres doivent etre tirees a travers toute la hachure. Le spazio dello egraffio non occupato da cifre dev'essere riempito con ofrti linoe. Se non vi sono indicazioni da farai e lince devono escere fracciate si tuito lo agraffio. No. 3154 Ad. M. B. X, 18 2,000,000 [*June 30 '51*] 17 C NEW YORKER WINS TOP NEGRO AWARD Mrs. Mabel Keaton Staupers Is Honored for Her Efforts in Behalf of Nurses 30 YEARS A RACE-BIAS FOE Association Calls on U.S. Steel to Help End Alleged Police Brutality in Birmingham By JOHN N. POPHAM Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. ATLANTA, June 29 - The Spingarn Medal, presented annually for the highest achievement of an American Negro, was awarded tonight to Mrs. Mabel Keaton Staupers of New York for "spearheading the successful movement to integrate Negro nurses into American life as equals." The presentation was made by Miss Lillian Smith, Georgia-born novelist, before 1,500 delegates and guests attending the forty-second annual convention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. For thirty years, Mrs. Staupers has been active against racial discrimination in the training and employment of Negro nurses. She was largely responsible for bringing about the commissioning of Negro nurses in the armed services in World War II. Mrs. Staupers served as executive secretary and president of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses, and last winter she was instrumental in dissolving the association because it had achieved the democratic aims to which it had been dedicated. "For the White Race, too" Miss Smith, in her presentation address, said that "we sometimes forget that the battle against segregation is being fought not only for the Negro race but for the white race, too." She said "that the efforts made by so many groups and individuals to break down segregation are magnificent proof to the whole world that democracy has the potentials within it for correcting its own failures." The association's Board of Directors adopted a resolution calling upon the United States Steel Corporation to "exert its powerful influence" in the economic structure of Birmingham, Ala., to help stop what it called police brutality against Negroes in that city. The resolution charged that "under the ruthless direction" of Public Safety Commissioner Eugene (Bull) Connor, the Birmingham Police Department has established a shameless record for daily disregard of the elementary civil rights and personal safety of Negroes in that city." Called a Company Town It asserted that the United States Steel Corporation's subsidiary, the Tennessee Coal & Iron Corp., held a "dominant economic position" in Birmingham and therefore "bears a grave social responsibility in regard to the maintenance of decent standards of law enforcement in that community." Walter White, executive secretary of the association, said that Birmingham was "virtually a company town" and that it was "a sinkhole of democracy." He said the association would "take its case" to the stockholders and management of United States Steel and also request that Attorney General J. Howard McGrath initiate a civil rights investigation into the Birmingham situation. Another resolution voiced condemnation of the Amos and Andy and Beulah radio and television shows as tending to strengthen the belief among uninformed and prejudiced people that Negroes were "inferior, lazy, dumb and dishonest." It said that, if necessary, Negroes should boycott the goods, products and services of the sponsors and promoters involved. Other resolutions urged Congress to support President Truman's proposals on price rollbacks and also to approve a measure for the construction of a minimum of 50,000 low-rent public housing units in the next fiscal year. [* Below *] THE WASHINGTON POST Saturday, May 20, 1950 The Washington Merry-Go-Round Tax Fraud Mystery Recounted By Drew Pearson A lot of mystery surrounds the income-tax case of a big Eastern gambler - that of Vaughn Cannon, the slot-machine king of Buncombe County, N. C. Most people don't realize that Nort h Carolina, despite its record for progressive schools and more churchgoers than most States, also has a thriving gambling racket and has done little PEARSON to clean it up. Center of the gambling business is Asheville in the western part of the State, and its big-shot boss, Vaughn Cannon, now appears to have high-up friends not only in North Carolina but in Washington. More than one year ago, United States tax agents slapped a lien of $1,451,000 on Cannon's property in North Carolina and sent a recommendation to Washington that he be prosecuted for tax fraud. Since then nothing has happened. The case has gathered dust. Why, remains a mystery. False Rumors One reason why was reported to be powerful Congressman Bob Doughton of North Carolina. However, this columnist is convinced this report is untrue. Apparently, the rumor got started because Doughton is a director of the Northwestern Bank of North Wilkesboro, N. C., which has loaned the big gambler up to $60,000 for the purchase of "music machines." Congressman Doughton, when queried said that he was a director of the Northwestern Bank but that he had not intervened with the Treasury Department to hold up Cannon's income-tax case; in fact, had never heard of the matter. Lamar Caudle, Assistant Attorney General of the Justice Department's tax division, who comes from western North Carolina, also has been getting blamed for delays in the Cannon tax case. Actually, Caudle has a reputation for letting the chips fall where they may; in addition to which inquiry disclosed that the Justice Department had not received the Cannon case. It is still in the hands of the Treasury— despite the fact that it received the case of March 14, 1949. Why Probe Gambling? Meanwhile, Cannon has already received a $5000 fine and two-year suspended sentence from the Superior Court of Asheville for operating gambling joints and being in possession of gambling devices. Meanwhile, also, Cannon enjoys a neat little scheme whereby he is palsy-walsy with local police authorities. This, incidentally, is one of the big points behind the crime probe of Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee. Kefauver, who is not a prudish person, is concerned about the big pay-offs that go to local police and judges for gamblers' protection. When police take money from one group, they will also take it from another, and our whole system of law enforcement is undermined. In Asheville, a local police judge, Sam Cathey, is also the registered agent for gambler Vaughn Cannon. Cannon's property, valued at up to $200,000 in Buncombe County, is registered "by Sam Cathey, agent," the same police judge who sits on gambling cases in Asheville. In addition, Marshall J. West, the Asheville city jailer and a member of the city police force, has also been on Vaughn Cannon's pay roll. He drew a salary of $150 a month from the big gambler as a building supervisor at the same time he drew a salary from the city as an Martin, the Republican former Speaker, Rich said: "And that goes for your children and your grandchildren." There was one important point Congressman Rich overlooked, however. Both Sam Rayburn and Joe Martin are bachelors. McCarthy Jitters Senator McCarthy recently re- ceived a letter from Nilkanth Chavre of Foster, Ohio, who wrote: "The following will show you what alarming confusion you have created. I was buying some garden tools at Sears, Roebuck and accidentally picked up a hammer and a sickle at the same time. Knowing them to be emblems on a Russian flag, I quickly let them go thinking such an act might be construed as communistic by you." Copyright, 1950. The Bell Syndicate, Inc. OPEN FRIDAY Hechinger Co, Tax Fraud Mystery Recounted By Drew Pearson A lot of mystery surrounds the income-tax case of a big Eastern gambler--that of Vaughn Cannon, the slot-machine king of Buncombe County, N.C. Most people don't realize that North Carolina, despite its record for progressive schools and more churchgoers than most States, also has a thriving gambling racket and has done little to clean it up. Center of the gambling business is Asheville in the western part of the State, and its big-shot boss, Vaughn Cannon, now appears to have high-up friends not only in North Carolina but in Washington. More than one year ago, United States tax agents slapped a lien of $1,451,000 on Cannons property in North Carolina and sent a recommendation to Washington that he be prosecuted for tax fraud. Since the nothing has happened. The case has gathered dust. Why, remains a mystery. False Rumors One reason why was reported to be powerful Congressman Bob Doughton of North Carolina. However, this columnist is convinced this report is untrue. Apparently, the rumor got started because Doughton is a director of the Northwestern Bank of North Wilkesboro, N. C., which has loaned the big gambler up to$60,000 for the purchase of "music machines." Congressman Doughton, when queried, said that he was a director of the Northwestern Bank but that he had not intervened with the Treasury Department to hold up Cannon's income-tax case; in fact, had never heard of the matter. Lamar Caudle, Assistant Attorny General of the Justice Department's tax division, who comes from western North Carolina, also has been getting blamed for delays in the Cannon tax case. Actually, Caudle has a reputation for letting the chips fall where they may; in addition to which inquiry disclosed that the Justice Department had not received the Cannon case. It is still in the hands of the Treasury-- despite the fact that it received the case on March 14, 1949. Why Probe Gambling? Meanwhile, Cannon has already received a $5000 fine and two-year suspended sentence from the Superior Court of Asheville for operating gambling joints and being in possession of gambling devices. Meanwhile, also, Cannon enjoys a neat little scheme whereby he is palsy-walsy with local police authorities. This, incidentally, is one of the big points behind the crime probe of Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee. Kefauver, who is not a prudish person, is concerned about the big pay-offs that go to local police and judges for gambler's protection. When police take money from one group, they will also take it from another, and our whole system of law enforcement is undermined. In Asheville, a local police judge, Sam Cathey, is also the registered agent for gambler Vaughn Cannon. Cannon's property, valued at up to $200,000 in Buncombe County, is registered "by Sam Cathey, agent," the same police judge who sits on gambling cases in Asheville., In addition, Marshall J. West, the Asheville city jailer and a member of the city police force, has also been on Vaughn Cannon's pay roll. He drew a salary of $150 a month from the big gambler as a building supervisor at the same time he drew a salary from the city as an enforcement officer. How city officials can serve two masters at the same time, one interested in law enforcement, the other interested in nonlaw enforcement, is difficult to understand. But anyway they seem to get away with it in Asheville, N.C. Two Bachelor Speakers Good old GOP Congressman Rich of Pennsylvania was worried the other day, as usual, over Government spending. In one of his regular economy speeches, he told Congress that its members were piling up debts that their children and their children's children would have to pay. Then turning dramatically to Speaker Sam Rayburn and Joe Martin, the Republican former Speaker, Rich said: "And that goes for your children and your grandchildren." There was one important point Congressman Rich overlooked, however. Both Sam Rayburn and Joe Martin are bachelors. McCarthy Jitters Senator McCarthy recently received a letter from Nilkanth Chavre of Foster, Ohio, who wrote: "The following will show you what alarming confusion you have created. I was buying some garden tools at Sears, Roebuck and accidentally picked up a hammer and a sickle at the same time. Knowing them to be emblems on a Russian flag, I quickly let them go thinking such an act might be construed as communistic by you." Copyright, 1950, The Bell Syndicate, Inc. THE SUNDAY STAR. WASHINGTON, D. C., APRIL 5, 1936 - PART ONE. ALIEN BILL HALTED BY REYNOLDS' TALK North Carolinian Attempts to Kill Measure in Favor of Own. By the Associate Press. An afternoon of conversation by Senator Reynolds, Democrat, of North Carolina delayed action by the Senate yesterday on the Kerr-Coolidge criminal alien deportation bill. Reynolds set out with the avowed desire "to talk to death" the bill and to advocate his own measure, which in addition to expelling criminal aliens, would reduce immigration from 153,000 to 15,300 annually. The Senate adjourned without acting on the measure. It will be laid aside tomorrow for the Ritter impeachment proceedings. Termed "Un-American." Reynolds called the Kerr-Coolidge proposal "un-American" and said Daniel W. MacCormack, immigration commissioner, and others in the Labor Department had given Congress "misleading" information on the status of criminal aliens now here. "I want to make the people of the world respect our laws even if the people of America don't," he said, arguing that the Kerr-Coolidge bill would make immigration barriers more vulnerable. He said the Labor Department had allowed some 2,862 aliens with criminal records to remain here and that MacCormack had given the House inaccurate information on the status of these persons. Charges Alien Deserter. Reynolds said one individual in this category was a deserter from the French army, had stolen an airplane and had entered this country illegally on two occasions. The Kerr-Coolidge bill would deport aliens convicted of violation of the narcotic laws, offenses of moral turpitude, the immigration laws of carrying concealed weapons. Discretion over certain deportables would be placed with a committee of representatives of the State, Justice and Labor Departments. Reynolds' bill, besides reducing immigration and deporting criminals, would require the registration and fingerprinting of aliens now here. Asbury M. E. Church Holds 100th Anniversary Celebration President Felicitates Offshoot of Foundry M. E., Started with Frame Building on Farm. BY MARY CHURCH TERRELL. It would be hard to find a church in the National Capital whose historical background is more interesting than that of the Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church, which has been celebrating and will continue to observe its one hundredth anniversary throughout the entire year. If you had been passing by that beautiful church on the corner of Eleventh and K streets a few Sundays ago and had entered too late for the opening exercises of the service you would have seen Representative Carolin O'Day in the pulpit addressing a very large congregation. The Program Committee for Woman's day, which was being observed, had selected two speakers, one for the morning service and another for the evening, and Representative O'Day had accepted the invitation to talk in the morning. President Roosevelt has extended his hearty felicitations to the pastor, Rev. Robert Moten Williams, and to the congregation in the following letter: "The hundred years that have passed since the founding of your church have been marked by outstanding progress in the history of the Negro race. All this your church has witnessed and, of much of it, has been a part. My earnest hope is, that as a result of this centennial there will be a renewal of the spiritual life of your people under your devoted leadership." No matter how favorable the circumstances may be in which a church or any other organization is launched, the span of 100 years is a long time for it to survive and flourish. This is particularly true if the rounders are handicapped by conditions and circumstances over which they have no control. There can be no question that this was the case with the founders of Asbury, for some of them were still held in slavery and those who were free in name were confronted with difficulties which would naturally face men and women belonging to a race held in bondage. Perhaps the most interesting fact about Asbury is that it is the daugh- {{column break}} ter of the Foundry Methodist Episcopal Church, which is located at Sixteenth and Church streets. This church received its name because of a vow made by Henry Foxhall, who like many others of his day dreaded the damage British troops would do when they entered Washington Wednesday evening, August 24, 1814. If the British troops did not destroy his foundry, he said, he would make an offering to the Lord. The British troops did not destroy his foundry and he fulfilled his promise to the Lord by donating the land on which the church was built at the corner of Fourteenth and G streets, and named Foundry Station. When Foundry was established in 1814 there were 18 colored members and 20 white. Thirteen years later the number of colored members had increased to 176. For 22 years - from 1814 to 1836 - colored people retained their membership in Foundry Church. There is no doubt whatever that the benefits accruing to them, both from a spiritual and an educational standpoint, were many and large. Then, for what seemed to them good and sufficient reasons, the colored members of Foundry decided it would be better for them and everybody concerned if they withdrew and founded a church of their own. It often has happened that a group of people have withdrawn from one church to establish another. But under the circumstances, not to say daring, thing for the colored members of Foundry to leave it to found a church of their own nearly 30 years before the emancipation proclamation was signed, while some of the members were themselves still held as slaves. In looking over the old records one occasionally sees a name which has been dropped from the membership role. Sometimes there is a notation which explains that the man or woman has been sold and taken out of the city. Sought Cheaper Land. The 75 men and women who founded Asbury decided to locate their church in the suburbs where land was cheap. For that reason they selected a field which was a part of a farm at which is now the corner of Eleventh and K streets. On this field a little frame building was erected in 1836. "It was decided to name the church "Asbury," in honor of Bishop Francis Asbury, an Englishman, who sent missionaries to Georgetown when it was only 21 years old and was still in Frederick County, Md., to explain the doctrine of Methodism and to make converts four years before the Declaration of Independence was signed. A Sunday school was established by Rev. John F. Cook, a colored man, who was the founder of the Fifteenth Street Presbyterian Church now located at Fifteenth and R streets. The superintendent of this Sunday school was an educator of some renown for that time and was the principal of a pay school for colored children for a long time. The membership of Asbury, which rapidly increased, worshiped in the little frame building for nine years and then in 1845 a brick church costing $15,000 was built. The reputation of Asbury's choir soon spread far and wide. After the Civil War visitors to the Capitol who had heard of its fine singing used to flock to the church in crowds Sunday evening, and it was no uncommon thing for them to request the choir to repeat some number which they had especially enjoyed. New Structure Built. For 70 years the brick church housed the activities of Asbury. Then on September 15, 1915, the corner stone was laid for the imposing Gothic structure in which its members now worship. In outward appearance the daughter resembles its spiritual mother very much. Both churches are built of Port Deposit granite, which is dark gray. And the stone used to construct both Foundry and Asbury came from the same quarry. The main auditorium has a seating capacity of 1,800. On the lower floor are the lecture room, church school room, pastor's study, secretary's office, board room, kitchen, dining room and ladies' choir room. the parsonage is located at 1914 Eleventh street. The value of the church and the parsonage is estimated to be $150,000. A small debt ws incurred a few years ago when the church was remodeled. It is rapidly being paid off. It is generally conceded the major portion of the credit for planning and building Asbury belongs to Rev. Mathew W. Clair, who was its pastor for 17 years and has since been elevated to the bishopric. He was impressed with the necessity of building a church large enough to accommodate its rapidly increasing membership and the visitors who came in large numbers. Moreover, he decided definitely to make Asbury the "national church of Negro Methodism." His beautiful dream finally came true because he worked with tireless energy and unflagging zeal. The women of Asbury have been exceedingly active in all kinds of good work. The old and young members who were in need ave been fed and clothed. A soup kitchen was established in two alleys when a blizzard raged here some years ago. Money has been raised for a variety of objects to benefit the church. Considering that the majority of the members of the average colored church are none too well supplied with this world's goods the amount of money contributed to it is unbelievably large. A drinking fountain costing $225 was bought by one woman's club. A gas range costing $195 was donated by another. The members of the church are deeply interested in their department of music. Connection Still Exists. There still is living a definite, vital connection between Foundry Church and the colored people once enrolled as members in the person of the sexton, Levi Collins, now rounding out his thirty-third year. His father served the church in the same capacity, and his grandfather was an elder. When Rev. Frederick Harris Brown, pastor of Foundry Church, congratulated Asbury on its centennial he referred to this fact as follows: "In the group which laid the foundation of the present great Asbury Church was a local elder of old Foundry Church, who was the grandfather of our own honored sexton, Levi Collins." This elder was one of the first colored men ordained to preach. He was born free, because his master emancipated his father when he died. But the elder's wife and two children were slaves. Being free he was able to earn money enough to emancipate them. Through their pastor, the members of Foundry Church have expressed themselves as being deeply interested in Asbury's celebration of its centennial. "Your mother church," wrote Dr. Harris, "thinks of you with pride and sends her blessing. Our members will look forward to sharing with you some of the rich things you have provided on this anniversary table." Bishop Edwin Holt Hughes, D.D., L.L.D., Asbury's resident bishop, has written that he is more than happy to greet the pastor and people as they celebrate the centennial of their life. Asbury's pastor, Rev. Williams, is now serving his fifth year. There are now more than 2,000 members of Asbury Church. [*July 30 /51*] THE NEW YORK TIMES NEGROES REAFFIRM OPPOSITION TO REDS National Association Approves Bid to Bolster Its Chapters Against Infiltration By JOHN N. POPHAM Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES ATLANTA, June 30-Delegates to the forty-second annual convention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People voted overwhelmingly today for a resolution designed to bolster local chapters against Communist infiltration. The vote was taken at the final business session, at which the 750 delegates approved thirty-five resolutions dealing with various phases of racial discrimination in education, religion, the armed services, employment, housing, civil rights and political action. The six-day convention will end tomorrow afternoon with an address by Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, director of the United Nations Trusteeship Council and Nobel Peace-Prize winner. It is the association's first national gathering in the deep South in thirty-one years. At its annual convention last year in Boston, the association adopted a resolution condemning communism as a force opposed to the association's stated policies and principles. It also authorized its board of directors to appoint a committee with powers to expel or reject members not in accord with those policies and principles. Authority of Local Branches The board has since received reports that some of its chapters were not certain of the extent to which they could initiate moves to block Communist infiltration. Consequently, it submitted a resolution today that, in effects, reaffirmed its stand and emphasized to the local branches that there was sufficient organizational machinery available to each chapter for combatting Communist threats. During prolonged debate on the resolution, there were several efforts by delegates to amend the resolution so that it would list the records and identification of left-wing groups. These amendments were defeated, and the original resolution won out easily on a show-of-hands ballot. Another resolution today expressed "unalterable opposition" to the action of the Federal Government in securing an indictment charging Dr. W. E. B. DuBois, one of the founders of the association, with failing to register as an agent of a foreign power in connection with the distribution of the Stockholm "peace petition," which has been assailed as Communist-inspired. The resolution made it plain that the association regarded the indictment of Dr. DuBois as primarily an effort to silence a noted spokesman for full equality of Negroes. An accompanying resolution warned the group's branches and youth councils against "so-called 'peace' organizations" that were "urging a policy desired by the Communist bloc of nations." Politicians Called Stalin Allies The delegates also voted to give the board of directors "disciplinary powers" against any association officers or employes who participated in any activities supporting the doctrine of separate-but-equal facilities, which is the basis for much of the South's segregation pattern. In a summary of the convention's work, Walter White, executive secretary of the association, declared that reactionary politicians in the South were among "the most valuable allies Joseph Stalin possesses" in this country. He also warned Negroes against the "callous" efforts of Communists to exploit the, for propaganda purposes, and he urged that when approached for funds to support racial discrimination cases, they ask if there would be a certified audit of all monies raised and spent. Dr. Bunche arrived in Atlanta this afternoon and was formally greeted at the City Hall by Mayor William B. Hartsfield. He was driven from the airport to the Mayor's office in a cavalcade of fifty automobiles. 33 West 34th Street, NEW YORK Fulton At Lawrence, BROOKLYN THE WASHINGTON POST Wednesday, February 7, 1951 5B GOP ELEPHANT-Standing before the traditional emblem of the Republican Party, the GOP elephant, are (left to right) Mrs. Homer Ferguson, wife of the Senator from Michigan; the Ambassador from China, Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo; Mrs. Joseph R. Farrington, president of the National Federation of Women's Republican Clubs, and Mme. Koo. The group met before the luncheon yesterday in the East Room of the Mayflower Hotel. Ambassador Koo was guest speaker at the luncheon which was attended by nearly 200 board members of the club, local Republican club-women and congressional wives. [*Washington Post Feb-7-1951*] Koo Tells Republican Women: 'Can't Part China Reds From Soviet' TO BELIEVE that Chinese Communists can be detached from Russia is plain "wishful thinking" the Ambassador from China, Dr. Wellington Koo, said yesterday. Speaking before a luncheon meeting of the National Federation of Women's Republican Clubs at the Mayflower Hotel, the Ambassador pointed out that all members of the Communist Party owe their allegiance to international communism and so must obey its rules. He believes that the winning of Asia plays an important part in the Russian scheme for domination. "THE BACKYARD of Soviet Russia must be secure before plans for world domination can be undertaken," Ambassador Koo said. Once Russia has "Asia in her pocket, she can carry on war indefinitely," the Ambassador continued. Russia could count on Asia's 800 million people, her raw materials and her strategic location to help achieve Communist domination of the world, he said. Editorial staffers of the Washington News Letters, published by the National Federation of Women's Republican Clubs, were honor guests at the head table, as were members of the national board. Mrs. Joseph R. Farrington, national president, presided and Mrs. Homer Ferguson, wife of the Senator from Michigan, introduced the Ambassador. Mme. Koo attended the luncheon as did Mrs. Erie Johnston, Mrs. Styles Bridges, Mrs. Carroll D. Kearns, Mrs. Robert Hale, Mrs. Walt Horan, Mrs. John Taber, Mrs. Karl Mundt and Mrs. Arthur L. Miller. Among the national officers of the federation present were Mrs. Walter S. McNab, first vice president; Mrs. C. D. Vernon, second vice president; Mrs. J. W. Hunt, third vice president Mrs. Helen Schluraff, fourth vice president; Mrs. Lloyd P. Fuller, secretary; Mrs. Dan Kirkbride, treasurer, and Mrs. Gilford Mayes, assistant chairman of the Republican National Committee. MRS. FARRINGTON, in a morning board meeting yesterday offered a six-point program for the federation. She suggested (1) continuation and expansion of the educational program through the Washington Newsletter; (2) building good [wi?] through circulation of material [?] newspapers, participation in [?] imminent defense programs [?] the promotion of rallies and meetings; (3) acceleration of campaign activities through the School of Politics; (4) extension of membership; (5) activating a finance plan with the Republican National Committee to give a broader and larger source of income, and (6) continuation of the study of revising by-laws to meet the growing needs of the organization. [*June 29 / 51* N Y Times*] 24 C NEGRO VOTES URGED AGAINST ARMY BIAS Official of National Association Asks Pressure on Congress to Enforce Nonsegregation By JOHN N POPHAM Special to The New York Times ATLANTA, June 28—Negro voters in the states outside the South were urged today to threaten "ballot-box reprisals" against their Congressional representatives to insure the implementation of nonsegregation policies in the armed services. Clarence Mitchell, director of the Washington Bureau of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, speaking to 750 delegates, attending the association's forty-second annual convention, said it was time that "We used our voting strength to to see that the Southern Representatives and Senators stopped bullying the Army around on this subject." Mr. Mitchell charged that Senator Richard B. Russell and Representative Carl Vinson, both Democrats of Georgia, who are chairmen of the Armed Services Committees in their respective branches of Congress, were the "brakes" on the armed services' integration program. He said that they had "cowed" the Army's "top brass" through their legislative grip on military requirement for defense. "There are Senators and Representatives from non-Southern states of these same committees," Mr. Mitchell added. "We must see that they speak out in our behalf. There is more truth than poetry in that saying, 'Same your Confederate money, boys, the South will rise again.' It has risen in this field." Collins Quoted on Policy Mr. Mitchell said that as an example of military "reluctance" in the face of Southern legislative "pressures," he would cite a meeting two months ago between Ten. J. Lawton Collins, Army Chief of Staff, and several Negro leaders and Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, Democrat of Minnesota. "At that meeting, General Collins said that he regarded President Truman's Executive Order banning segregation in the armed services as a suggestion and not a directive," Mr. Mitchell said. "Now it is up to ust to see that General Collins view that order as a directive." James Clarence Evans, civilian aide to the Secretary of Defense, told the convention that the armed services' policy of equality of treatment and opportunity had been working out "with no untoward incidents" wherever it had been put into effect. "Make no mistake about it, the armed services for all practical purposes are a step ahead in the practice of racial integration," he declared. "It has been adopted and it has worked. Some areas are better than others, but in general it is ahead of the rest of us. "That is where the N.A.A.C.P. comes in. You must work to improve the racial pattern in the communities adjacent to the military installations. That is where the trouble starts and where the pressures come from. G.I. Trials in Korea Decried Thurgood Marshall, chief counsel for the association, who last winter visited the Korean war area to investigate the circumstances surrounding the courts-martial of Negro soldiers, told the delegates that "without exception the Negro soldiers were given an unbelievably dirty deal, solely because of their race." He said that General of the Army, Douglas MacArthur, then i charge of the Far East command, had been "most fair" in arranging for and assisting the investigation into the courts-martial situation. "On the other hand, the facts I have obtained are not to his credit," Mr. Marshall said. "Although he was not responsible for maintaining the conditions which brought about the courts-martial and made them inevitable. "His defense is that all segregation in his command was the responsibility of Washington, and not his. This is not true. How can he say that he has no authority to NEGRO VOTES URGED AGAINST ARMY BIAS Official of National Association Asks Pressure on Congress to Enforce Nonsegregation By JOHN N. POPHAM Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES ATLANTA, June 28--Negro voters in the states outside the South were urged today to threaten "ballot-box reprisals" against their Congressional representatives to insure the implementation of nonsegregation politics in the armed services. Clarence Mitchell, director of the Washington Bureau of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, speaking to 750 delegates attending the association's forty-second annual convention, said it was time that "We used our voting strength to see that the Southern Representatives and Senators stopped bullying the Army around on this subject." Mr. Mitchell charged that Senator Richard B. Russell and Representative Carl Vinson, both Democrats of Georgia, who are chairmen of the Armed Services Committees in their respective branches of Congress, were the "brakes" on the armed services' integration program. He said that they had "cowed" the Army's "top brass" through their legislative grip on military requirements for defense. "There are Senators and Representatives from non-Southern states on these same committees," Mr. Mitchell added. "We must see that they speak out in our behalf. There is more truth than poetry in that saying, 'Save your Confederate money, boys, the South will rise again.' It has risen in this field." Collins Quoted on Policy Mr. Mitchell said that, as an example of military "reluctance" in the face of Southern legislaive "pressures," he would cite a meeting two months ago between Gen. J. Lawton Collins, Army Chief of Staff, and several Negro leaders and Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, Democrat of Minnesota. "At that meeting, General Collins said that he regarded President Truman's Executive Order banning segregation in the armed services as a suggestion and not a directive," Mr. Mitchell said. "Now it is up to ust to see that General Collins views that order as a directive." James Clarence Evans, civilian aide to the Secretary of Defense, told the convention that the armed services' policy of equality of treatment and opportunity had been working out "with no untoward incidents" wherever it had been put into effect. "Make no mistake about it, the armed services for all practical purposes are a step ahead in the practice of racial integration," he declared. "It had been adopted and it has worked. Some areas are better than others, but in general it is ahead of the rest of us. "That is where the N. A. A. C. P. comes in. You must work to improve the racial pattern in the communities adjacent to the military installations. That is where the trouble starts and where the pressures come from. G. I. Trials in Korea Decried Thurgood Marshall, chief counsel for the association, who last winter visited the Korean war area to investigate the circumstances surrounding the courts-martial of Negro soldiers, told the delegates that "without exception the Negro soldiers were given an unbelievably dirty deal, solely because of their race." He said that General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, then in charge of the Far East command, had been "most fair" in arranging for and assisting the investigation into the courts-martial situation. "On the other hand, the facts I have obtained are not to his credit," Mr. Marshall said. "Although he was not responsible for the courts-martial in Korea, he was responsible for maintaining the conditions which brought about the courts-martial and made them inevitable. "His defense is that all segregation in his command was the responsibility of Washington and not his. This is not true. How can he say that he has no authority to break down segregation when President Truman's Executive Order calls upon the Army to remove segregation as soon as possible? "In the Far East command, the Navy and Air Force integrated Negroes without exception. The refusal of General MacArthur to do so in the Army can only be explained by the fact that he was determined to maintain segregation. There is no other explanation." Norman B. Johnson, chief counsel for the Brooklyn chapter of the association, and Loren Miller, a Los Angeles attorney, speaking before a panel meeting on police brutality cases, declared that Communists often tried to become associated with such cases, "solely nonsegregation politics in the armed services. Clarence Mitchell, director of the Washington Bureau of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, speaking to 750 delegates attending the association's forty-second annual convention, said it was time that "We used our voting strength to see that the Southern Representatives and Senators stopped bullying the Army around on this subject." Mr. Mitchell charged that Senator Richard B. Russell and Representative Carl Vinson, both Democrats of Georgia, who are chairmen of the Armed Services Committees in their respective branches of Congress, were the "brakes" on the armed services' integration program. He said that they had "cowed" the Army's "top brass" through their legislative grip on military requirements for defense. "There are Senators and Representatives from non-Southern states on these same committees," Mr. Mitchell added. "We must see that they speak out in our behalf. There is more truth than poetry in that saying, 'Save your Confederate money, boys, the South will rise again.' It has risen in this field." Collins Quoted on Policy Mr. Mitchell said that, as an example of military "reluctance" in the face of Southern legislaive "pressures," he would cite a meeting two months ago between Gen. J. Lawton Collins, Army Chief of Staff, and several Negro leaders and Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, Democrat of Minnesota. "At that meeting, General Collins said that he regarded President Truman's Executive Order banning segregation in the armed services as a suggestion and not a directive," Mr. Mitchell said. "Now it is up to ust to see that General Collins views that order as a directive." James Clarence Evans, civilian aide to the Secretary of Defense, told the convention that the armed services' policy of equality of treatment and opportunity had been working out "with no untoward incidents" wherever it had been put into effect. "Make no mistake about it, the armed services for all practical purposes are a step ahead in the practice of racial integration," he declared. "It had been adopted and it has worked. Some areas are better than others, but in general it is ahead of the rest of us. "That is where the N. A. A. C. P. comes in. You must work to improve the racial pattern in the communities adjacent to the military installations. That is where the trouble starts and where the pressures come from. G. I. Trials in Korea Decried Thurgood Marshall, chief counsel for the association, who last winter visited the Korean war area to investigate the circumstances surrounding the courts-martial of Negro soldiers, told the delegates that "without exception the Negro soldiers were given an unbelievably dirty deal, solely because of their race." He said that General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, then in charge of the Far East command, had been "most fair" in arranging for and assisting the investigation into the courts-martial situation. "On the other hand, the facts I have obtained are not to his credit," Mr. Marshall said. "Although he was not responsible for the courts-martial in Korea, he was responsible for maintaining the conditions which brought about the courts-martial and made them inevitable. "His defense is that all segregation in his command was the responsibility of Washington and not his. This is not true. How can he say that he has no authority to break down segregation when President Truman's Executive Order calls upon the Army to remove segregation as soon as possible? "In the Far East command, the Navy and Air Force integrated Negroes without exception. The refusal of General MacArthur to do so in the Army can only be explained by the fact that he was determined to maintain segregation. There is no other explanation." Norman B. Johnson, chief counsel for the Brooklyn chapter of the association, and Loren Miller, a Los Angeles attorney, speaking before a panel meeting on police brutality cases, declared that Communists often tried to become associated with such cases, "solely to exploit them for their sensational value." "Make no compromise with Communists, for theirs is the kiss of death," Mr. Johnson warned. [*Washington Post- Saturday, June 5, 1948*] Race Relations Changes Held Due Soon An epoch in American history has been reached where there are "strong reasons to expect rapid and fundamental changes in race relation," Dr. Gunnar Myrdal, author of "The American Dilemma," told Howard University graduates last night. The Swedish economist, now executive secretary of the United Nations' Economic Commission for Europe, spoke at the eightieth annual commencement held on the university campus. Six hundred and sixty-one degrees including three honorary were conferred by Dr. Mordecai Johnson, president of the university. Honorary degrees of doctor of law went to Edwin Rogers Embree, president of the Julius Rosenwald Fund, and to Oliver Randolph, deputy attorney general for the State of New Jersey and author of the antisegregation provisions of the State constitution. The degree of doctor of human letters was granted to Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, author and Washington Civic leader. Dr. Myrdal declared, "the entire Jim Crow system will gradually break down partly because segregation is increasingly going to be felt to be both awkward and silly in a civilized and democratic country, partly because segregation will become impractical and financially very burdensome once the authorities are compelled to make the separate facilities equal," he said. Speaking, he said, not in his capacity of United Nations representative, but as a man "once called upon to make an impartial study of race relations in America," Dr. Myrdal declared "nothing short of full equality can be accepted as the solution of the Negro problem." The Washington Post HOWARD COMMENCEMENT- Mrs. Mary Church Terrell looks over her degree of doctor of humane letters, conferred yesterday by Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson (right), president of Howard University. NATIONALLY-KNOWN WOMAN IS HONORED [*1934*] The Pittsburgh Courier When the Women's Service club of Boston entertained at a reception for the visiting Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D.C., last Sunday, the above young ladies assisted in receiving the many guests, who came to greet the charming honoree. Left to right: Mrs. Marie Rudd Thomas, president of the Deltas who presented Mrs. Terrell on their Founder's Day program: Mrs. Terrell herself, authoress of "A colored Woman in a White World"; Mrs. John B. Hall, president of the Service club, and Delta Soror Gladys Wood.- Photo by Clark & Marks. THE OBSERVER, SUNDAY, JUNE 22, 1919. ooks of the Day. Elizabeth's determined enemy and most dangerous rival *** But it is perhaps an easy virtue in an Englishman to feel superior to the feuds of Irish history and politics, as easy as it used to be to contemn the prejudice of colour in America and our tropical colonies before the presence of masses of coloured labour in British ports led to similar manifestations of racial antipathy. And a historian should not make too much, either, of the slips in the fact and language of a less professional author. But one wonders what Lord Ernest really means when he says that an English official presented an Irish chef in the sixteenth century with a piece of "khaki" (p. 269), and that [?]vrone, "placarded this advertisement over the blank walls of Ulster." (p .307) Daphne R. Bauer Laurel. Md. [*Washington Post- Sunday Sept.14 52*] D.C. Discrimination Those of who love our country and want it really to be the "greatest democracy on earth," as it claims to be, owe a big debt of gratitude to the American Psychological Association which has just held its sixtieth annual convention here and has voted unanimously never to meet here again "until such time as additional progress has been made toward treatment of minority groups." Some of the business of the convention was seriously delayed, it is said, because restaurants or hotels at which committees had decided to meet near meal time refused to serve colored members. By forcibly calling attention to the prejudice and discrimination of which colored people are victims in the Capital of the United States, the American Psychological Association is helping Washington, D. C. Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D. C. Anti- Discrimination Laws. This coordinating committee has been urging the proprietors of hotels and restaurants and all other eating places here to stop discrimination against colored people, and when they have refused to do so, our committee has picketed the store until it agreed to serve customers without regard to race. In this way, the coordinating committee has succeeded in opening a number of places which have been closed for years against colored people in spite of the 1872 and '73 laws. MARY CHURCH TERRELL Washington 42-THE WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, THURSDAY, JULY 17, 1952 Mrs. Roosevelt Little Things Decide the Fate of Men By ELEANOR ROOSEVELT HYDE PARK- The other day I received a copy of the magazine Ebony, featuring the story of the Johnsons who several years ago figured in a dramatic story in the Reader's Digest called "Lost Boundaries." This story tells of what happened to Dr. and Mrs. Johnson during their life in Kenne, N. H., where Dr. Johnson is a well- well-known radiologist. In plain words, nothing happened. There were very few Negroes in Keene, but none of the friends the Johnsons had made since living there was prepared to turn down a good doctor and loyal friends when they suddenly found he was a Negro and not a white man. This is a story that should be read by Mr. and Mrs. Paul Robeson because I have always felt that their great loyalty to the Soviet Union arose from the fact that the Russians treated them like great artists, as an educated man and woman, and because of that earned their undying loyalty. Had they lived in Keene, N. H., or in some other small town where there was only one other colored family, they might never have gone to the Soviets and they might have been decently treated all their lives. *** SUCH little things decide the fate of men. But I am very glad that Ebony wrote up this story, which also follows up what has happened to the Johnson children. Two of them have married white people, one is married to a Negro girl, and one is still unmarried and in school. All of the Johnsons have had a job adjusting to being Negro after having been brought up as white. But they have made the change successfully and the problems of their lives seem to be in a fair way to being met and conquered. How one wishes that all problems of racial prejudice could be solved as simply. Dr. Johnson says, in a quote from this article, that we in the United States have pampered our prejudices and let them get the better of us. I often think that is true. If we would face these courageously, perhaps it would not be necessary for Negroes to have to "pass" and be "accepted." *** IT HAS always seemed to me there are problems that have to be met as individual problems. Marriage is one of them. No one can decide for you what will be a good marriage and under what circumstances you would be willing to join your life with that of another human being. Some would certainly be held back by the possibility of difficulties that might arise through marriage; others go serenely through the whole experience, meet each problem as it arises and find a solution. I have known both white and colored people that I would prefer not to meet again and would certainly never dream of asking to my home. On the other hand, I have known white and colored people who, from the first time I met them, I knew I wished to have as friends. Let us hope soon that we will master our prejudices and stand better before the eyes of the Lord. [*Pittsbourgh Courier*] SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1941 EDITED BY Julia B. Jones Mary Church Terrell Honored In Boston By TOKI BOSTON, Jan. 30.- Mary Church Terrell of Washington, D. C., noted a woman lecturer, authoress of a best seller, "A Colored Woman in a White World," and three times representative of American womanhood in European conferences, was presented by the Boston Delta Sigma Theta's on their Founder's Day program Sunday, January 19th at the Twelfth Baptist Church, Mrs. Terrell, seventy years young, charmed as the large audience as she did everyone she met during her week end in town. Saturday night she was the honored guest at a dinner given at Slade's by the Delta sorors, and Sunday night the Women's Service Club was the scene of a brilliant reception in her honor, when Mrs. John B. Hall and other members of the Club entertained for the visitor. While in Boston, Mrs. Terrell was houseguest of Mrs. Sophronia Gould and Miss Carolyn Gould, Delta soror. It was Soror Marie Rudd Thomas, president of Iota Chapter who took charge of the various affairs honoring the guest, and Soror Gladys Wood who was committee chairman. Sharing honors on the Founder's Day Program were: Soror Edwina Bryant, soloist, accompanied by Soror Evelyn Andrews; Soror Lucille Norman, reader; Soror Drina Stewart, pianist. Mrs. Terrell in her talk, "The Negro and [?] War," stressed her pacificisms, and yet she said, "I'm a pacifist; yet not a pacifist at any price, but one who wishes an honorable peace." She stressed the need of the amalgamation of the colored man into the defense program. SATURDAY, JANUARY 18, 1941 MRS. TERRELL COMES TO BOSTON [*Boston Chronicle*] Tomorrow afternoon at 3, the Delta Sigma Theta, Sorority will present Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of Washington in a lecture. For several years she has been a leader among colored women, demonstrating, both by her personal accomplishments as a highly educated and cultured individual and by her active interest and participation in group activities, what a colored woman can achieve if only she is given the opportunities. Mrs. Terrell is a founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the National Association of Colored Women, and to both organizations as well as to the International League for Peace and Freedom she has devoted her best energies. Boston should show that it respects the public services which leaders of the Negro people have rendered; it should show this respect by a record attendance at Twelfth Baptist Church, that historic institution which recently celebrated a century of Christian usefulness. Especially beneficial would such a demonstration of tribute, long overdue, be at the present time, because Mrs. Terrell's name has long been prominent on the roster of those true-born and often self-sacrificing Negro Americians who have labored incessantly to pass federal antilynching legislation. The programme of the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority deserves public support widely and ardently, in order that our young collegians may be inspired with the zeal to continue their efforts on behalf of the public even after they have left the academic groves. 4 The Free Press Published Daily. WILLIAM E. QUINBY......Editor-in-Chief OTTO CARMICHAEL.....................Publisher THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 12, 1906 Subscription Terms--By mail post-free in the United States and Canada or Mexico. DAILY, 1 MONTH...........................45c DAILY (only), 1 Year......................$5.00 DAILY and SUNDAY, 1 Month...65c EXPOSES CONDITIONS Mrs. Parrish Tells How South Treats Colored People. RACE ALWAYS HELD DOWN Delegates and Friends Enjoy Boat Ride and Reception on Steamer Promise in the Evening--Pupil of Booker T. Washington Explains How Work Progresses in Alabama. Laporte, Ind., July 11.--(Special)-- Detectives will be engaged to go to London, Eng., to solve the mystery urrounding the whereabouts of Mrs. va Bare Munroe, wife of William G. Munroe, of Kalamazoo, Mich., who igured as a bigamist and check forger. Munroe went to England in December and was followed by Mrs. Munroe. He committed forgeries which caused his commitment to prison. Mrs. Munroe sent messages home telling her father, who lives at Martle, this state, of her financial plight and a large sum of money was forwarded to her. It has been learned that she secured the money and it is now feared that the former Kalamazoo woman and wife of the adventurer has fallen a victim of foul play. ACME MAN HAS TWO WIVES Supposed He Was Divorced From First One Twelve Years Ago. Acme, Mich., July 11.--Henry C. Ludwick, of Acme, has just been served with a summons for divorce and alimony, the complications of which read like a romance. Twelve years ago Mr. Ludwick and his first wife parted. Later he took up his residence in South Dakota and secured a divorce from the wife. After some lapse of time Ludwick remarried, his second wife being Miss Ida Parrady of Elk Rapids. Two bright children are in the new home. Recently word was received of the supreme court decision relative to the divorce granted parties residing in different states. This was followed this week by the summons which has been served upon Ludwick by the wife from whom he thought he was legally divorced twelve years ago. [*502*] ON EMANCIPATION DAY Battle Creek Afro-Americans Will Have Big Time. Battle Creek, Mich., July 11.-- Congressman Washington Gardner and his bitter opponent, C. M. Barre, of Hillsdale, are slated to meet on the same platform August 1, in connection with the Emancipation Day program of local Afro-Americans. There was no suggestion in their invitation that politics would be a forbidden subject. The Afro-American committee from Battle Creek and Kalamazoo is putting in some hard work and xpects to make Battle Creek "the rkest spot in Michigan" on Au- We can make them new and beautiful again! Photo Studio--- Downstairs Bookstore Kann's Sit in Comfort DON'T continue to fidget and suffer from the torment of simple piles Relieve itching, burning distress with soothing Resinol It gently oils tender parts, as its specially blended medication reduces irritation, and aids comfort. Pure, mild Resinol Soap is particularly suitable for bathing tender parts RESINOL OINTMENT AND SOAP For REAL Speed in HEADACHE RELIEF Choose Liquid CAPUDINE! [head shot of man pointing at bottle of Capudine] Capudine contains carefully selected and blended pain-relieving and south- in edients which can be combined daily. Since , 16,500 enemy dead have been counted. Chinese forces pushing west from Lashio have linked up with other Chinese troops moving eastward from Hsipaw, clearing the Lashio-Hsipaw section of the Burma road. Northwest of Meiktila in the Taungtha-Myingyam area the Japanese were offering bitter resistance. Frontline reports said that in the last few weeks the Japanese had lost 250 field pieces i the fighting south of Mandalay and were not believed to have less than 100 field guns in the 14th Army area. San Quentin Riot Fails To Change Racial Rules By the Associated Press. SAN QUENTIN, Calif., Mar. 26.--- Warden Clinton Duffy said today he would not re-establish segregation rules, the lifting of which resulted in a Sunday mess hall riot of 2,500 white and colored convicts. One inmate was stabbed with a fork and three others injured by flying crockery in a half-hour melee which was brought to an end as guards fired over the heads of the convicts. Warden Duffy ordered the men back to their cells and launched an investigation. Abolition of the segregation rules that separated the white an colored prisoners in the mess hall was authorized recently by California prison officials, headed by Richard A. McGee, new director of corrections. The warden noted for his prison innovations, announced the new plan in the San Quentin newspaper and initiated it at breakfast yesterday. The dinner outbreak occurred while the warden was entertaining a group of legislators at his home. Admiral Hepburn to Speak The Dumbarton Oaks documents discussed by Admiral Arthur J. Hepburn at a meeting of the Naomi Chapter No. 23, Order of Eastern Star at 9 p.m. Wednesday at the sonic Hall, 7510 Wisconsin ave- Bethesda. R OF THE SENATE, HIS POVERTY Morgan, Daniel, Teller es, Beveridge. Perhaps there may be one or two others. It is hard to tell. THE AMERICAN MERCURY 570 Lexington Avenue New York From the Dec '40 issue THIS CLIPPING FROM PITTSBURGH COURIER PITTSBURGH, PA 11/30/40 [?MRS. TERRELL?] HONORED Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, widow of Judge Robert H. Terrell, and author of "A Colored Woman in a White World," was the guest of honor at a musical and testimonial hour recently presented by the International Interracial Committee at the Phyllis Wheatley Y.W. C. A. Tributes were paid to Mrs. Terrell by: the Rev. W. H. Brooks, Mrs. Esther P. Shaw, Mrs. Julia West Hamilton, Mrs. Ida G Hunt and Miss Dorothy R. Swift. 15. Comments on the Race Problem. 1501. Defend Lynching 1502. What the South Should Do. 1503 Color Problems in America 1504. Negros. Colored people or what? 1505. Put on Earth to pick coton. "Put on Earth to Pick Cotton." Somo one recently suggested to Pitchfork Tillman that the race question could be settled by education. [*1505*] "Educate niggers?" repeated the senator, and then he laughed. "Say, there is only one nigger in 100 that can stand an education. The first thing that an educated nigger wants to do is to preach the Gospel. If not that he wants to practice law or teach school. Somebody has got to pound it into their heads that they were put on earth to pick cotton, and that's what they will have to do in the south. You certainly have made a mess of the nigger in the north. It's mighty seldom that a nigger becomes educated. He gets a sort of veneering and wants to associare with white people, and then he learns that he can't he drops the veneering and becomes just a plain nigger. A nigger is a nigger, aud you can't make anythi out of him. It will c near being war if amendment is n JOHN N. GOINS, - Manager. [*1503*] FRIDAY, NOVEMBER, 4, 1904. Color Problems in America. The approaching close of the presidential campaign, in which the colored citizen's status is being made a prominent issue, coupled with the fact that the world's foremost musician of color, Mr. S. Coleridge-Taylor, has just landed in America, invests with lively interest an article devoted to the "Color Problems in the United States," appearing in the November number of "Chambers," a wel known British magazine. The a ticlc is by James Burnley and affords a unique view point of a most interesting problem. Mr. Burnley cites the red man, the Chinaman, and the colored man as problems affecting the peace of America. Two phases, he says, are settled, one by practical extermination, the other by exclusion ; the third is pressing for settlement. Lynchings, "peonage," and growing intolerance to the social claims of the Southern blacks are pointed out as prominent symptoms of the basic trouble, Mr. Burnley recognizes a certain race antipalhy, preventing racial assimilation in America ; but this, in his opinion, should not be urged as an excuse for closing the door against such an understanding as would allow the colored man to work out his own salvation. He recognizes the industrial value of the colored man, characterizing him as "a great economic factor in building up the prosperity of the United States." Testi- to the great progress of the that it would have the uncom- Defend Lynching. [*Nov. 4. 1904.*] The absolutely lawless spirit of Southern Democracy is shown not entirely by the mobs which deny colored men the right to be tried by jury but hang them and shoot them and burn then to death upon the unsworn testimony of any man or woman who sees fit to make an accusation against them, but it is shown by Democrats of high standing in the party--men who really represent the South in intelligence, education and wealth. These men probably would not literally dye their hands red in the blood of their victims, but they stand close by the prostrate form of throttled law, excusing its assailants and palliating their crime. The latest instance of this character is reported in the Independent in which two United States senators, each representing a different state, are shown to have made a plea for lynchers, a plea which is not only disgraceful to the state they represent, but to the civilization in which they live. The Independent, referring to the askince, says: The other day Senator McLaurin, in defending a man who had taken part in killing and burning a man charged with murder, a case which resulted in the death of eight more persons in the manhunt, declared that the killing was justifiable and necessary in view of the condition. If a United States senator can make such a defense of an attrocious crime it is not strange that there may be found sheriffs and malitia who will take no pains to protect a prisoner. And another senator, Mr. Tillman, of South Carolina, in a letter on the Statesboro burning, says such violence is "to be deplored," and then goes on to excuse it at length, saying that "mobs are bad, but they are evidences of a spirit of liberty," and that "the whites are resolved to govern at whatever cost;" they " are on top and intend to stay there." We are now on the eve of a national election and the colored people of the North have it in their hands, very largely, to determine whether or not the civilization of the north, weich believes in law and order and which endeavors to guarantee to every human being accused of crime a fair and impartial trial, shall control the destinies of this nation for the next four years, or whether our national affairs shall be in the hands of men who think, speak and act as do McLaurin and Tillman. MONDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 104. IOWA AND THE CANTEEN. Hull's Position Approved by His THOMAS W. LAWSON'S D Story the Boston Man is Tellin of "Thrills" and "Situati [*1507*] WHAT THE SOUTH SHOULD DO. Request that Southerners Revise Their Opinions of President Roosevelt. From the New York Mail (Rep.). The most interesting question on the immediate political horizon is the attitude of the South toward Theodore Roosevelt. It is a personal rather than a partisan question, for the South bases its special grievances on no collective Republican action in Congress on no definition of Republican policy, or declaration of Republican purpose by the President. The South had no objections to press against William McKinley, and its spokesmen have often praised him in accents of obvious sincerity; and yet McKinley was certainly no less a Republican than Roosevelt. It has been the President's personal declaration for a "door of hope" for the negro, and his personal acts--his breaking bread with Booker Washington; his appointment of the negro, Dr. Crum, to the Charleston collectorship; his resentment at the "third-degree" methods of the town of Indianola, Miss., in ridding itself of a negro postmistress--that have appeared, or have been made to appear, the determining factors in the political attitude of the South. While the rest of the country was considering other things and in the election voting on other things the South was being urged by its spokesmen to consider these things and vote upon them. Among the reasons that have led some of its mentors to urge a withdrawal of the section from all political action is perhaps the feeling either that the rest of the country refused to concern itself with these matters, or, that so far as it did, the Southern insistence upon them increased rather than diminished the national indorsement of the man responsible for them. What Mr. Taft said in New Orleans last week--that the President was puzzled and saddened by the bitter feeling of the section --is equally descriptive of the Northern view of Southern opinion. There seems to be so much of the element of sheer misunderstanding in it that to the Northern mind there is no way of accounting for it except on the theory that men whom the South should never listen to have played a devil's tune on the chords of its race sensitiveness. That the two sections should see the negro question with one eye is not yet to be expected. But it passes understanding that there should be a deepening of sectional animosities in the South at a time when sectional animosities are fading out everywhere; an accession of bitterness after an election that has ushered in for the moment something like an "era of good feeling," and an identification with aims odious to the South of an Executive whose personality has proved equally likable on the Pacific Slope, in the Rocky Mountain States, in the prairie region and in the manufacturing, mercantile, and maritime East. Because it has based its political course on personal preconceptions, the first business of the South after this election is to look Theodore Roosevelt over and see if it cannot revise the opinion it is alleged to hold of him. SOMETHING DOING IN THE COUNTRY of front? It is the passing leadership. NEGROES, COLORED PEOPLE OR AFRO-AMERICANS? The old discussion as to a proper race name for American citizens of color has broken out again. The discussion, as might be expected, is profitless. As a matter of fact it serves no good purpose to perpetuate race names and divisions. In none of the business, commercial, civil and public relations of life is it necessary to know to what branch of the human family a man may belong. Race names serve only to perpetuate prejudice and vanity; therefore, the less we have of race names, the less we shall have of prejudice and boasting. In the discussion some advocate the term negro, others the term colored people, and yet others the term Afro-Americans. The word negro is of respectable origin, and there can be no objection to it, except that it is not accurately descriptive. Colored people is probably as acceptable as any term used to designate a composite people. But Afro-American is very objectionable. In addition to the fact that it is hyphenated and etymologically corrupt, it is associated with failures and nothing but failures: The Afro-American League was a failure; the Afro-American Press Association was a failure; and the Afro-American Council was a failure. In view of this fact we are willing to be called negroes (with a capital N always); we prefer to be called Colored people (with a capital C always); but never Afro-Americans. We hope there is enough of the spirit of fairness even in those papers which despise the [*July 2 '51*] 25 C BUNCHE CONDEMNS RACE BIAS 'POISON' Americans Must End Bigotry if they Would Successfully Lead Free World, He Says A 'BOLD' FIGHT CALLED FOR U.N. Official Addresses 7,500 as N.A.A.C.P. Ends Its First Session in Atlanta Since '20 By JOHN N. POPHAM Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. ATLANTA, July 1—Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, speaking today before an inter-racial audience of 7,500 persons in this city's Municipal Auditorium, called on the American people to wage a "bold fight" against the "poisons of racial bigotry" if they would successfully leaf the free world. All 5,200 seats in the hall were occupied and the 2,000 or so other persons in the auditorium stood through the session. Dr. Bunche, who is director of the United Nations Trusteeship Council, addressed the closing session of the forty-second annual convention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The convocation, which opened here last Tuesday, was the first held by the association in the "Deep South" in thirty-one years. "We, perhaps, never will have, and we need not expect , a perfect society here," Dr. Bunche declared. "But it is imperative that we go much further than we have gone this far in applied democracy for all Americans. Full equality is the answer, and the Negro can never be content with less, Barriers 'Not Impregnable' "We must all keep battering away at the undemocratic barriers of discrimination and segregation. They are not impregnable, they are beginning to crumble everywhere, and if we continue courageous and never relax efforts they can be obliterated." The world diplomat and Nobel Peace Prize winner was wholly forthright in his verbal assault on all manifestations of racial intolerance throughout the country and particularly in the South. His "abhorrence" of racism, he declared, was so great at this crucial point in the country's history that he felt it imperative to speak solely on that subject and to eschew any references to the program and problems of the United Nations. The United states Senate came under his fire for "quailing like chipmunks" when confronted with civil rights measures. He denounced the South for perpetuating a dual race system that resulted in a "tyranny of the law." Many persons in the South must "sleep with a heavy conscience," Dr. Bunche said. City Fathers Win Accolade He departed from his prepared text, however, to note that there was a measure of progress in race treatment in some parts of the South, and expressed "warm appreciation" to the city administration of Atlanta for its courtesies tot he association's delegates. Later, the full membership adopted a resolution expressing its thanks to Mayor William B. Hartsfield. The fact that the Negro must struggle incessantly in this country against great odds to try to win the mere rights due to him under the Constitution , Dr. Bunche said, is a problem that has become "the Negro's burden and the nation's shame." It was "utter nonsense" to construct a society in which able and valuable Negro citizens must have inferior status to the most incompetent and useless white citizens, even the criminals, he declared. He dwelt at length on the case of Josephine Baker, the internationally known entertainer, to whom hotel accommodations recently were denied in this city. As a result she canceled her scheduled appearance before the association's if They Would Successfully Lead Free World, He Says A 'BOLD' FIGHT CALLED FOR U. N. Official Addresses 7,500 as N.A.A.C.P. Ends Its First Session in Atlanta Since '20 By JOHN N. POPHAM Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. ATLANTA, July 1--Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, speaking today before an inter-racial audience of 7,500 persons in this city's Municipal Auditorium, called on the American people to wage a "bold fight" against the "poisons of racial bigotry" if they would successfully lead the free world. All 5,200 seats in the hall were occupied and the 2,000 or so other persons in the auditorium stood through the session. Dr. Bunche, who is director of the United Nations Trusteeship Council, addressed the closing session of the forty-second annual convention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The convocation, which opened here last Tuesday, was the first held by the association in the "Deep South" in thirty-one years. "We, perhaps, never will have, and we need not expect, a perfect society here," Dr. Bunche declared. "But it is imperative that we go much further than we have gone thus far in applied democracy for all Americans. Full equality is the answer, and the Negro can never be content with less. Barriers 'Not Impregnable' "We must all keep battering away at the undemocratic barriers of discrimination and segregation. They are not impregnable, they are beginning to crumble everywhere, and if we continue courageous and never relax efforts they can be obliterated." The world diplomat and Nobel Peace Prize winner was wholly forthright in his verbal assault on all manifestations of racial intolerance throughout the country and particularly in the South. His "abhorrence" of racism, he declared, was so great at this crucial point in the country's history that he felt it imperative to speak solely on that subject and to eschew any references to the program and problems of the United Nations. The United States Senate came under his fire for "quailing like chipmunks" when confronted with civil rights measures. He denounced the South for perpetuating a dual race system that resulted in a "tyranny of law." Many persons in the South must "sleep with a heavy conscience," Dr. Bunche said. City Fathers Win Accolade He departed from his prepared text, however, to note that there was a measure of progress in race treatment in some parts of the South, and expressed "warm appreciation" to the city administration of Atlanta for its courtesies to the association's delegates. Later, the full membership adopted a resolution expressing its thanks to Mayor William B. Hartsfield. The fact that the Negro must struggle incessantly in this country against great odds to try to win the mere rights due to him under the Constitution, Dr. Bunche said, is a problem that has become "the Negro's burden and the nation's shame." It was "utter nonsense" to construct a society in which able and valuable Negro citizens must have inferior status to the most incompetent and useless white citizens, even the criminals, he declared. He dwelt at length on the case of Josephine Baker, the internationally known entertainer, to whom hotel accommodations recently were denied in this city. As a result she canceled her scheduled appearance before the association's convention. Dr. Bunche said that the action of the hotels involving Miss Baker had showed a lack of an instinctive feeling for the fundamentals of civilization. He expressed the conviction that any of Atlanta's hotel owners would be welcomed without question in the huts of the most primitive tribes in Africa. A Strong Issue Is Posed To carry the illustration even further, he said, it was equally clear that a Negro soldier returning from Korea, even if her wore the Medal of Honor, could not engage a hotel room in Atlanta, although a non-Negro, even if he were a deserter, a traitor or a Communist agitator, could do so. He then asked that all "fair-minded Americans mark well" those members of the United States Senate who talked of having us risk a world war but refused to embrace the proposals for civil rights guarantees for Negro citizens. Walter White, executive secretary of the association, told the gathering that this country must "wake up to the grim truth that election of men to high office who would rather see America destroyed than yield their racial prejudices is treason to our democratic way of life." After the meeting a white police motorcycle escort speeded Dr. Bunche to the Municipal Airport for his flight to New York. Ob- Auditorium called on [??? ?????can] people to wage a "bold fight" against the "poisons of racial bigotry" if they would successfully lead the free world. All 5,200 seats in the hall were occupied and the 2,000 or so other persons in the auditorium stood through the session. Dr. Bunche, who is director of the United Nations Trusteeship Council, addressed the closing session of the forty-second annual convention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The convocation, which opened here last Tuesday, was the first held by the association in the "Deep South" in thirty-one years. "We, perhaps, never will have, and we need not expect, a perfect society here," Dr. Bunche declared. "But it is imperative that we go much further than we have gone thus far in applied democracy for all Americans. Full equality is the answer, and the Negro can never be content with less. Barriers 'Not Impregnable' "We must all keep battering away at the undemocratic barriers of discrimination and segregation. They are not impregnable, they are beginning to crumble everywhere, and if we continue courageous and never relax efforts they can be obliterated." The world diplomat and Nobel Peace Prize winner was wholly forthright in his verbal assault on all manifestations of racial intolerance throughout the country and particularly in the South. His "abhorrence" of racism, he declared, was so great at this crucial point in the country's history that he felt it imperative to speak solely on that subject and to eschew any references to the program and problems of the United Nations. The United States Senate came under his fire for "quailing like chipmunks" when confronted with civil rights measures. He denounced the South for perpetuating a dual race system that resulted in a "tyranny of law." Many persons in the South must "sleep with a heavy conscience," Dr. Bunche said. City Fathers Win Accolade He departed from his prepared text, however, to note that there was a measure of progress in race treatment in some parts of the South, and expressed "warm appreciation" to the city administration of Atlanta for its courtesies to the association's delegates. Later, the full membership adopted a resolution expressing its thanks to Mayor William B. Hartsfield. The fact that the Negro must struggle incessantly in this country against great odds to try to win the mere rights due to him under the Constitution, Dr. Bunche said, is a problem that has become "the Negro's burden and the nation's shame." It was "utter nonsense" to construct a society in which able and valuable Negro citizens must have inferior status to the most incompetent and useless white citizens, even the criminals, he declared. He dwelt at length on the case of Josephine Baker, the internationally known entertainer, to whom hotel accommodations recently were denied in this city. As a result she canceled her scheduled appearance before the association's convention. Dr. Bunche said that the action of the hotels involving Miss Baker had showed a lack of an instinctive feeling for the fundamentals of civilization. He expressed the conviction that any of Atlanta's hotel owners would be welcomed without question in the huts of the most primitive tribes in Africa. A Strong Issue Is Posed To carry the illustration even further, he said, it was equally clear that a Negro soldier returning from Korea, even if he wore the Medal of Honor, could not engage a hotel room in Atlanta, although a non-Negro, even if he were a deserter, a traitor or a Communist agitator, could do so. He then asked that all "fair-minded Americans mark well" those members of the United States Senate who talked of having us risk a world war but refused to embrace the proposals for civil rights guarantees for Negro citizens. Walter White, executive secretary of the association, told the gathering that this country must "wake up to the grim truth that election of men to high office who would rather see America destroyed than yield their racial prejudices is treason to our democratic way of life." After the meeting a white police motorcycle escort speeded Dr. Bunche to the Municipal Airport for his flight to New York. Observers of the motorcade said it was the first time such an escort had been provided in the city's history for a Negro. Deltas Prepare For Mrs. Terrell [*Boston Chronicle 1-4-41*] Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, who received a citation for social service at the Women's Centennial Congress held recently in New York City, will be the guest speaker for Delta Sigma Theta's Founders' Day program at the Twelfth Baptist Church on Sunday afternoon, Jan. 19. Mrs. Terrell, one of the first women appointed to the board of education in Washington, served eleven years. She has represented the women of her group abroad three times: at the International Congress of Women in Berlin in 1904, where she was the only American delegate to deliver her address in three languages--German, French and English; in Zurich, Switzerland in 1919, in London in 1937. Mrs. Terrell, the Washington author and lecturer, tells her life story in "A Colored Woman in a White World." women. The chapter on National Organizations of Women is believed to be the most comprehensive statement yet made on this topic. In the chapters describing the [ma?] conventions of the National Association is presented the full argument for Woman Suffrage, considered from every point of view by the ablest speakers. This [w?] render the book invaluable to those preparing debates, papers for clubs, articles for newspapers and magazines or simply making a general study. The volume is filled with live, up to date, trust worthy information, and is thoroughly systemized and fully indexed that there will not be the slightest difficulty in finding any desired subject, although it contains over 1,000 pages. As this question is destined in the near future to be one of the leading issues before the people, and as information concerning it is scattered and unreliable this new book cannot fail to be regarded as a most interesting, important and much needed contribution. The History of Woman Suffrage ON D. C., SATURDAY OCTOBER 24 1903 I I I Books by Elizabeth Towne, editor of Nautilus, Holyoke, Mass. The Constitution of Man, with por trait of author, Elizabeth Towne, Price, 50c A series of twelve lessons on "Growth.' "Inspiration," "Desire," etc. The latter is yled "the voice of God The chapter "What God is good for," presents a very limited and unsatisfactory view of the rit of the Universe. Just How to Cook Meals without Meat. is full of fascinating and useful mints the very poetry of cooking. I am go to try every recipe. ust How to Wake the Solar Plexus." is is a book showing how physical re, the strong mental attitude, the true spirit of love will develop the centre of the human body. The solar is to the body what the sun is to the system. st How to Concentrate," subject is more written about than centration" and nothing is more diffi practice. This book gives simple ractical suggestions for so controlling oughts and customs that the energies be directed into the desired channels ays the foundation in directions how in the first place to relax. "In Relaxation you power; in Concentration you use it." ach of these books is twenty five cents they may be offered of the Woman's ibune at that price, or they can be ob ed free by sending five trial subscrip ns at ten cents each. "How to Grow Success " 50 cents. This is a text book of the Success Circle and has many hints which followed by any ne could not help to make for success. It s like all Mrs. Towne's writings, pithy an d terse. Free for ten trial subscriptions. Marriage; Its Duties and Privileg es. By Dr. Marv Wood Allen, M. D. Price, $1 25. Wood Allen Publishing Co, An Arbor, Mich. Sent free for three yearly subscriptions for the Woman's Tribune. What a Woman of 45 Ought to Know By Mrs. Emma F. A. Drake, M. D. Cloth $1 co net. Please notice that this has been added to the list of Self and Sex Series which the Tribune offers as a premium. Each vol ume is $1 00 postpaid or can be obtained or two new yearly subscriptions. How to Control Circumstances. By Ursula N. Gesterfeld. Price $1. The purpose of the book is to show that within, rather than without, is found the Force that transforms, renews, and regen erates human life, lifting it to the plane of accomplishment and self-dominion. The es say reduce the "new thought" to a science of every day living in remarkably simple and concise language. Educational and Philosophic Nuggets. Each 4. Life of Amelia Bloomer. By D. C. Bloomer, 2.0 Women in English Life; Georgi- ana Hill, two volumes, 4 0 Life and Letters of Harritet Beecher Stowe; Annie Fields, 2 0 Best Book on Parliamentary Law. 25c PETITION FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGE To Everyone Who Reads This: The Federal Woman's Equality Asso- ciation is collecting signatures for peti- tions to Congress in behalf of woman suffrage. We ask from all friends of the cause an authorization to put their sig- natures upon the petition whenever it is sent in to Congress. Then these signa tures will be kept on file and accumu- lated, and they can be used with every fresh effort before Congress until victory is won. Whoever receives this paper is request- ed to sign the petition and authorization given below, and after obtaining any- where from three to three hundred sig- natures of other people, return docu- ment to Mrs. Clara Bewick Colby, cor- sponding secretary of the Federal Woman's Equality Association, 2420 Fourteenth street northwest, Washing- ton. The paragraph authorizing the use of signature can be cut out and pasted on paper extended to any desired length. From signers to the petition obtain memberships to the Federal Woman's Equality Association, $1 00 per year, if possible and donations to aid the work. Give friends to understand that even small sums will help and will serve to show their practical interest in the cause. - o - Subscribe for the Woman's Tribune. There is nothing like circulating its lit- erature to help a cause; $1 00 a year; or in clubs of five, 60 cents a year. Send for bunch of postal cards, five for $3 00, which will enable you to send in one subscription at a time without buying a money order. Authorizing Signature to Woman Suffrage Petition. I hereby authorize the Federal Woman's Equality Association to affix my sig- nature to any memorial of petition which may be presented to Congress in behalf of woman suffrage legislation. NAME. ADDRESS. (Give street number and postoffice) Ladies will find a good substitute for the corset in Mrs. Newell's Perfection Breast Support Form which was endorsed by Mrs. Frank Stuart Parker in her lec- tures as the best and cheapest on the market. By its use the weight of the breasts is removed from the dress waist to the shouldes, giving ventilation and correct shape with perfect freedom of the body. The Low Form is, best suited to those who only need it for support while the the High Form supplies deficiencies of figure; when ordering send bust measure. Send to the office of the Woman's Tri- bune. Price by mail $1.00; sizes over 40 inches, $1 25. SELF AND SEX SERIES. - o - What a Young Boy Ought to Know What a Young Man Ought to Know. What a Young Husband Ought to Know. What a Man of Forty-Five Ought to Know. What a Woman of Forty- Five Ought to Know What a Girl Ought to Know. What a Young Woman Ought to Know What a Young Wife Ought to Know. All of these books are $1.00 each and may be obtained at that price from the Woman's Tribune, or will be sent free for two new yearly subscriptions to this paper. No books were ever better described by their titles than the above. They are interesting, clean, strong, vital and of high literary merit. Each one in the series has become indispensable to pa- rents and teachers as well as to those for whom they were written, who desire to make the best use of all the powers and faculties with which they have been endowed. A fine, large lithograph of Mrs. Stan- on, can be obtained of the Tribune for 25 BOOKS BY ELIZABETH TOWNE, editor of Nautilus, Holyoke, Mass. THE CONSTITUTION OF MAN, with portrait of author, Elizabeth Towne, Price, 50c. A series of twelve lessons on "Growth," "Inspiration," "Desire," etc. The latter is yled "the voice of God The chapter "What God is good for," presents a very mited and unsatisfactory view of the irit of the Universe. Just How to Cook Meals without Meat. is full of fascinating and useful nints t the very poetry of cooking. I am go to try every recipe. ust How to Wake the Solar Plexus," ds is a book showing how physical ure, the strong mental attitude, the true spirit of love will develop the centre of the human body. The solar s is to the body what the sun is to the system. st How to Concentrate." subject is more written about than entration" and nothing is more diffi practice. This book gives simple actical suggestions for so controlling oughts and customs that the energie be directed into the desired channels ays the foundation in directions how is first place to relax. "In Relaxation you power; in Concentration you use it." ach of these books is twenty five cents they may be ordered of the WOMAN'S BUNE at that price, or they can be ob ned free by sending five trial subscip s at ten cents each. How to Grow Success" 50 cents. This is a text book of the Success circle and has many hints which followed by any ne could not help to make for success. It like all Mrs. Towne's writings, pithy and terse. Free for ten trial subscriptions. MARRIAGE; ITS DUTIES AND PRIVILEGES. By Dr. Mary Wood Allen, M. D. Price, $1 25. Wood Allen Publishing Co, An Arbor, Mich. Sent free for three yearly subscriptions to the WOMAN'S TRIBUNE. WHAT A WOMAN OF 45 OUGHT TO KNOW By Mrs. Emma F. A. Drake, M. D. Cloth. $1 co net. Please notice that this has been added to the list of Self and Sex Series which the TRIBUNE offers as a premium. Each volume is $1 00 postpaid or can be obtained or two new yearly subscriptions. HOW TO CONT[R]OL CIRCUMSTANCES. By Ursula N. Gestef[e]ld. Price, $1. The purpose of the book is to show that within, rather than without, is found the Force that transforms, renews, and regenerates human life, lifting it to the plane of accomplishment and self-dominion. The essays reduce the "new thought' to a science of every day living in remarkably simple and concise language. EDUCATIONAL AND PHILOSOPHIC NUGGETS. Each 4. LIFE OF AMELIA BLOOMER. By D. C. Bloomer, 2.o WOMEN IN ENGLISH LIFE; Georgiana Hill, two volumes, 4 o LIFE AND LETTERS OF HARRIET BEECHER STOWE; Annie Fields, 2 o Best Book on Parliamentary Law. 25c [illustration of a woman in corset] Ladies will find a good substitute for the corset in Mrs. Newell's Perfection Breast support Form which was endorsed by Mrs. Frank Stuart Parker in her lectures as the best and cheapest on the market. By its use the weight of the breasts is removed from the dress waist to the shoulders, giving ventilation and correct shape with perfect freedom of the body. The Low Form is best suited to those who only need it for support while the the High Form supplies deficiencies of figure; when ordering send bust measure. Send to the office of the WOMAN'S TRIBUNE. Price by mail $1.00; sizes over 40 inches, $ 125. SELF AND SEX SERIES. -----o----- What a Young Boy Ought to Kn0w What a Young Man 0ught to Kn0w. What a Young Husband 0ught to Know. What a Man of Forty-Five 0ught to Know. What a Woman of Forty-Five Ought to Know What a Girl Ought to Know. What a Young Woman Ought to Kn0w What a Young Wife Ought to Know. All of these books are $1.00 each and may be obtained at that price from the WOMAN'S TRIBUNE, or will be sent free for two new yearly subscriptions to this paper. No books were ever better described by their titles than the above. They are interesting, clean, strong, vital and of high literary merit. Each one in the series has become indispensable to parents and teachers as well as to those for whom they were written, who desire to make the best use of all the powers and faculties with which they have been endowed. A fine, large lithograph of Mrs. Stanon, can be obtained of the TRIBUNE for 25 PETITION FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGE. To Everyone Who Reads This: The Federal Woman's Equality Association is collecting signatures for petitions to Congress in behalf of woman suffrage. We ask from all friends of the cause an authorization to put their signatures upon the petition whenever it is sent in to Congress. Then thee signatures will be kept on file and accumulated, and they can be used with every fresh effort before Congress until victory is won. Whoever receives this paper is requested to sign the petition and authorization given below, and after obtaining anywhere from three to three hundred signatures of other people, return document to Mrs. Clara Bewick Colby, corresponding secretary of the Federal Woman's Equality Association, 2420 Fourteenth street northwest, Washington. The paragraph authorizing the use of signature can be cut out and pasted on paper extended to any desired length. From signers to the petition obtain memberships to the Federal Woman's Equality Association, $1 00 per year, if possible, and donations to aid the work. Give friends to understand that even small sums will help and will serve to show their practical interest in the cause. --O-- Subscribe for the WOMAN'S TRIBUNE. There is nothing like circulating its literature to help a cause; $1 00 a year; or in clubs of five, 60 cents a year. Send for bunch of postal cards, five for $3 00, which will enable you to send in one subscription at a time without buying a money order. Authorizing Signature to Woman Suffrage Petition. I hereby authorize the Federal Woman's Equality Association to affix my signature to any memorial of petition which may be presented to Congress in behalf of woman suffrage legislation. NAME. ADDRESS. (Give street number and postoffice) To my wife Lucy, don't you hear the voices, gentle voices, in the air, Like the wavering of a pinion, like the panting of a prayer. Like a song of singers dead, Like a dream of beauty fled: When we cannot quite remember what the angel vison said. Oh, the voices of the yesterday! Time's melancholy choir, With the twilight singing minor, and the dawning singing air, With the clouds of glory round, And their brows with garlands bound, And a million golden minutes strewn like grain upon the ground. Ah! they must be up the River and it cannot b[?e] a dream, For the wind is blowing soft, my Love, is blowing down the stream, And is wat[?] to your ears What your [?] spirit hears, Till the past grows dimmer through the mist of many tears. And a little form in white seems to rise beyond the rain, And a little hand to beckon and a little voice complain. To your [?] a moment pressed, Then away to be a a guest. And to sing among the Angels, in the Garden of the beast. For the little infant spirit that a brighter angel bore, A darker angel challenged at the threshold of the door. And he bade it back again, As returns the morning rain, To the heaven o'er the mountain and the glory o'er the main. In his arms the angel clasped her, and as he turned and smiled, He crowned you there, the mother of a sinless angel child Ah, the beauty that she wore, Borne so swiftly on before, Just to learn the Heaven for "Welcome" to that bright and blessed shore. Bus Lucy, 'twill be by and by, when Junes have followed June, And many a sad December night has played a solemn tune; When the snow upon your hair Forgets to melt and lingers there, And a form so frail and faded trembles in the old arm chair. Then here's my hand, my Dearest, we'll travel on together, In days both clear and cloudy, in rude and rainy weather, Till the winder at the last Shall the shadows Eastward cast And our lives and loves forever shall be blended with the past -Benjamin F. Taylor Letters from Mrs. Stanton The Tribune has been giving space to much about Mrs. Stanton in the last four or five issues. This is in view of the near approach of the first anniversary of her passing away, October 26, and of the 88th anniversary of her birth, which it is hoped will be commemorated by every woman suffragist in some way or another. The following extracts from Mrs. Stanton's letters to her bosom friend, Miss Anthony, were published by Mrs. Ida Husted Harper in the New York Independent of Mary 21st. Since the public has been permitted to see these most sacred and personal confidences the reverent followers of Mrs. Stanton who read the Tribune should have them. It should give the busy mother and the woman with opposition from those best loved new courage to learn how all difficulties in the way of Mrs. Stanton advocating justice for women, but made her more determined to make better conditions for them. It is bracing to note how thoroughly loyal Mrs. Stanton was at all times to her sex. (in 1853): I do wish I was free, but i cannot leave my baby. Be patient, Susan, my time will come …Do write and tell me where the world stands. My whole soul is in the work, but my hands belong to my family. (In 1854): I find there is no use in saying "No," to you. Women have grievances without number, but I want the exact wording of the most atrocious laws. I can generalize and philosophize by myself, I have not time to look up statistics. While i am about the house surrounded by my children, washing dishes, baking, sewing, I can think up many points, but I cannot search books, for my hands, as well as brains, would be necessary for that work. I seldom have one hour to sit down and write undisturbed. Men who can shut themselves up for days with their books and thoughts know little of what difficulties a woman must surmount. (Later in the same year): My ceaseless cares began to wear upon my spirit. Adieu to the public for awhile. I must give all my time and thoughts to my children. I forbid you to ask me to send on thought or one line to any convocation. I do swear by all the saints in the calendar, that while I am nursing this baby I will not be troubled with suffering humanity. (In 1855, with a new arrival in prospect): …I do not feel well, and I am much depressed in spirits, so talk not to me of conventions or speeches. My whole thoughts for the present must centre on bread and babies. (In 1856): Well, I have got out the [?] edition of my admirable work—another [fe]male child was born into the world [?] Sunday afternoon. O the little heretic, [?] to desecrate that holy day! I am very [?] and very happy that the terrible ordeal [?] passed, and that the result is another daughter. (Ten days after the baby's birth): [?] walking, driving, and performing [?] household duties. (Later in the same year): Your servant's not dead but liveth. Imagine me, [?day in] and day out, watching, bathing [?] and promenading the precious cont[?] a little crib in the corner of my [?] pace up and down these two chan[?] mine like a caged lioness, longing t[?] nursing and housekeeping to a close [?] here, and I will do what i can to help with your address, if you will hold them and make the puddings…Now [?] have two daughters I feel fresh stren[?] work for women. It is not in vain [?] myself I feel all the wearisome ca[?] which woman even in her best state is [?] [j?ct]. (in 1859): You need expect nothing [?] me from some time. I have no vitality body or soul. All I had has gone into the boy—he weighed 12 1/2 pounds without a particle of clothing. It is now four weeks since he came and I can hardly walk across the room. I have to keep my mind in the most quiet state in order to sleep, for I have suffered so much from wakefulness. (in 1862): I am just now in the height of that revolutionary period called house cleaning. No nook, corner or cranny has escaped. The purification with suds and whitewash has been most searching. Cleanliness is next to godliness, but how long with seven children, can I hope to remain godly? (In 1864): The children are all in school now, and I intend to read and write every day till they return at 2 o'clock. (1871): I am so glad that we are to meet under Lucretia Mott's roof once more to discuss affairs of State…When I think of all the wrongs that have been heaped upon womankind, I am ashamed that I am not forever in a condition of chronic wrath, stark mad, skin and bone, my eyes a fountain of tears, my lips overflowing with curses, my hand against every man and his brother. Oh, how I do repent me of the male faces I have washed, the mittens I have knit, the pants mended, the cut fingers and broken toes I have bound up—when I think of these "white male" popinjays and all their lords and lackeys strutting the decks of the old ship of State, coolly contemplating as women in deep waters tempest-tossed, the sport of every wind and wave—and warning us to remain in our appropriate sphere, to beware of the dangers of their loftier position on deck! It is, indeed, too much! I passed through a terrible scourging when last at my father's. He asked me if I was ready to go on the lecture platform. I told him I was. "Well," said he, "remember, I tell you now, your first lecture will be a very expensive one." Said I, "I intend it to be a very profitable one." But oh. I cannot tell you how the iron entered my soul! I never felt more keenly the degradation of my sex. To think that all in me of which my father would have felt a proper pride had I been a man is deeply mortifying to him because I am a woman! That thought has stung me with a firm determination to speak as soon as I can do myself credit. All my relatives and friends oppose me [?] everything that is dearest to my heart. They are not even willing that I should write on the woman question. But I will both write and speak. (In 1953): If with my brain I had an [?] tive nervous temperament, I could accomplish wonders—but, then, I should [?] young. As soon as you begin to ask too much of me, I shall have another ba[?by.] Now, be careful not to provoke me to [?] step. I long to see you, Susan. Dearest Susan, friend of my soul, [?] are you doing that I don't hear from you. Have you lost your gold pen or your spectacles or your interest in me? Come [?] and we will grind out the speech. I sh[?] expect to get the inspiration, thoughts [?] facts from you, and will agree to dress[?] the children you bring. And again; I am willing to do the appointed work at Albany. If Napoleon says "Cross the Alps," they are crossed. You must come here and start me on the right train of thoughts, as your practical knowledge of just what is wasted is everything in getting up the right document. (In 1874 to Gerrit Smit[?h]), Your vindication, cousin, is so reasonable, yea, pathetic, that I repent of having carelessly touched such tender ground. Having had no Alma Mater, forbidden to enter a college, though a native born citizen of a republic founded by my ancestors, is my excuse for a want of appreciation of that natural feeling of pride every graduate must have in the institution where he passed his useful years? But sometimes, when all the wrongs, insults and oppressions of woman rise up before me, I feel as if I would like to sweep from RACE ISSUE RENDS QUINQUENNIAL HERE Segregation of Seats for Colored Starts Fight—White House Lunch in Discord. Two issues, colored segregation and White House tea invitations for American patrons, disrupted the peace of the International Council of Women, holding its quinquennial convention at the Washington Auditorium. The first, which was started when 200 colored jubilee singers refused to appear in the American music festival last night because they alleged there had been discrimination against members of their race in the distribution of seats, received new impetus at an indignation meeting of the American Federation of Colored Women in their clubhouse, at 1115 Rhode Island avenue. The White House tea controversy came into the limelight this afternoon when a last-minute check-up of invitations to the tea this afternoon showed it was impossible to extend them to all the American patrons of the quinquennial. As the result, invitations were issued to foreign delegates, American state chairmen, and it may be possible to give one to a single patron from each state. It is understood that a committee of American women visited the White House in protest over this arrangement and as a result in was announced that President and Mrs. Coolidge extended a special invitation to all the American women attending the convention to a reception tomorrow afternoon. The American patrons are those who contributed $100 or more to the expenses of the quinquennial. The American Federation of Colored Women, which claims to represent 12,000,000 colored women, not only supported the stand of the jubilee singers last night but voted to ban their scheduled appearance at the Howard Theater this afternoon, announced by Hallie Q. Brown of Wilberforce University, who had arranged for an entertainment for the benefit of foreign delegates. Patrons Left [?] [? ] White House tea [?] There are now in Washington[10,?] women from the various States who have contributed $100 or more to the expenses of the quinquennial. The supply of cards to the White House tea given by President and Mrs. Coolidge was found to be insufficient to provide for all the women in attendance. "It was absolutely necessary to provide for the foreign delegates," said Mrs. Swiggert. "We also have provided tickets for the State chairmen. But if we must leave out a single one of these patrons we must leave out all. "I understand that some of the patrons are very angry. in fact, I have been told that some of them have threatened to leave town. This is very different from the attitude of the 20 American women who are actual delegates and alternates to the quinqennial. These women are entitled to tickets, but have refused them in order to have them go as far as possible among our guests. See Added Insult. "We consider an appearance at Howard Theater as segregation as much as a separate block of seats in the Auditorium," said Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, first president of the American Federation and former member of the District of Columbia School Board. "If these negro singers appear in any manner before the quinquennial, it will be expressly against our orders and in deliberate rebellion. "It is hard to imagine a greater insult to the colored people of the world," said Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, national president of the organization. "It was a disgrace [?] the United States in the presence of these women from all over the world. It was a deliberate violation of the constitution of the International Council. That organization is based upon absolute racial and religious tolerance. That is the ideal which, I presume, the majority of its members all over the world are working for. We have not heard the last of this. The foreign delegates, to whom American segregation of colored people is a strange, incomprehensible thing, are very angry over it. Have Paid Dues. "The American Federation of Colored Women will not withdraw from the international Council. We have paid our dues. We have complied with all the requirements. Our fight is not with the council. This (Continued on Page 3, Column 3.) =========================== Radio Programs—Page 25 [?] D. C., SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1895. Women School Trustees. The women appointed on the Washington School Board are Mrs. Louisa Reed Stowell and Mrs. Mary Church Terrell. Mrs. Stowell was Professor in Michigan University, but has been for some years in botanical work for the Agricultural Department. She is the wife of Dr. Stowell, editor of the National Medical Review. The choice of Mrs. Terrell shows the desire of the Commissioners to fairly represent the interests of the colored population. Mrs. Terrell is a graduate of Oberlin with honors won in the classical course and the degree of A. M., has since been conferred on her. She is proficient in French, German and Italian, having perfected herself in study abroad. There is probably not a better educated lady in Washington, nor one more calculated to do good service in this capacity. Mrs. Terrell taught in the High School of Washington for some time previous to her marriage with Robt. H. Terrell, a Washington lawyer. She is a member of the District W. S. A., but not often seen at its meetings as her time is largely devoted to work with and for the colored people, she being President of the Bethel Literary and Historical Society, Chairman of the Educational Committee of the Colored Woman's League and leader of a class in English Literature made up largely of her intimate friends. The TRIBUNE congratulates the District on the admirable choice of the Commissioners in selecting such truly representative and capable women. [*"WASH.DAILY NEWS" 12/11/52*] Relaxing Segregation for Inaugural Isn't Enough A NEW high in hypocrisy was reached, recently, when Joseph C. McGarraghy, chairman of the Eisenhower Inaugural Committee said he would oppose the practice of segregation during the inauguration. He said he expected hotels and restaurants to relax their segregation policies at this time and added: "I don't anticipate trouble from any of them. I feel certain all hotels and restaurants will co-operate with the committee." But what happens, we wonder, after the bunting and the flags come down? Has Mr. McGarraghy forgotten that it is now illegal for a public eating-place to refuse service to "any well-behaved person" because of his color? In May, 1951, the Municipal Court of Appeals declared the 1872 law prohibiting such discrimination to be in full force and effect. It is only our Commissioner's refusal to enforce the order of the court which permits the widespread flouting of this law. MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL, Chairman, Executive Board of the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D. C. Ant- discrimination Laws. [*Star - Jan 29 1910*] SLIGHT TO SCHOOLS Not Fairly Treated in District Bill, says Mr. Cox. BOARD WILL TAKE ACTION Appeal Will Be Made to House and Senate Committees. COURT TO FIX COLOR LINE Matter of the Wall Child to be Submitted for Decision - Changes Among Teachers Some apprehension that the public schools of the District have been slighted unintentionally in the Commissioners' bill to install a new system of financing the District was expressed by W. V. Cox at the board of education meeting yesterday afternoon. Mr. Cox showed that in the section of the bill which provides for the financing of extraordinary improvements there is no specific mention of public schools. "We notice that in the newspaper forecasts of coming events they say that the Hon. Senator Jones, ex-President Roosevelt and others will speak. As the matter now stands we come in the the "and others." I do not believe the schools were left out of the extraordinary improvements by intent, but I think that we had better busy ourselves to see that the matter is remedied, so that the schools will receive preference. "I have it on good authority that the bill will be passed within sixty days. I advise that we write not only to the Commissioners, but to the Senate and House committees and let them know what we want." This suggestion of Mr. Cox will be followed. Courts to Decide. The board of education will not attempt to pass finally on the case of the daughter of S. R. Wall, 1019 Kearney street, who was excluded from the Brookland School several months ago, after a close study of the color line. Although Supt. Stuart yesterday recommended that a letter be sent to Mr. Wall stating that the board would uphold the superintendent's action in keeping the little girl from the white schools, the move is taken only to try the matter out in the courts. It is the understanding of the board of education that Mr. Wall's attorney will now apply for a mandamus from the courts to prohibit the board from following this line of action, and the members of the board, with possibly one exception have decided that the courts had better settle this rather delicate question. One Vote in Negative. Mrs. Mary C. Terrell voted against upholding the superintendent's letter on the ground that the child is a white child and should go to a white school. The board adopted the following resolution: "In view of the death of Mr. John F. Cook, this board desires to place on the record its appreciation of his high character and the faithful and intelligent services which he rendered on this board in behalf of the public schools of this city. "Resolved, That the family of the deceased be assured of the sympathy of this board in their bereavement." Mrs. Hoeke presented a statement of the school playground money. There is now $813.35 to the credit of the fund. A long from the Grand Army of the Republic was read by the secretary. The organization protests against the continuance in the schools of the use of a text book entitled "Stories of American History," on the ground that the book extols the virtues of Robert E. Lee unduly, and that the text has distorted several important facts in the regard to historic events. The matter will be discussed by the committee on text books. Other matters taken up were of routine nature. Changes in the Schools The following changes in the schools were confirmed: Transfers: Miss B. S. Catlett, teacher of first grade, Phillips School, to Langston School. J. A. Richardson, teacher third grade, from Abby Simmons School to Frederick Douglass School. A. M. Ray, teacher of third grade, from Frederick Douglass School to Abby Simmons School. Miss Ethel Browne, teacher first grade, from Wheatley School to Madison School. Miss E. L. Booth, from second grade, Industrial Home School, to first grade, Corcoran School. Miss A. L. Galeski, teacher eight grade, Force School, to H. D. Cooke School. Miss Adele Moody, teacher of fourth grade, from Weightman School to Monroe School. Miss Alice Pollock, teacher of third grade, from Monroe School to Johnson School. Miss K. M. Jaquette, teacher of sixth grade, from Abbott School to Johnson School. Miss H. M. Blanford, teacher of third grade, from Madison School to Blair School. Miss A. M. Foley, teacher of fifth grade, from Wallach School to Brent School. Miss M. C. Bosk, teacher of fifth grade, from Brent School to Berret School. Miss M. M. Short, teacher of third grade, from S. J. Bowen School to Bradley School. Promotions: Miss Grace Houchen, from second grade to fourth grade, and transfer from Jackson to Industrial Home School. Miss K. L. Carroll, from first to second grade, and transfer from Corcoran to Industrial Home School. Miss E. M. Monk, from third grade to fourth grade, and transfer from Blair School to Madison School. Miss Corrinne Wheeler, from teacher of first grade to teacher of second grade, Enoch Ambush School. E. A. Clark (for better grading and organization), from teacher of fifth grade to teacher of sixth grade, James G. Birney School. Miss L. L. Sheid, from teacher of first grade to teacher of second grade, Abbott School. Miss A. A. Gray (for better grading and organization) from teacher of the fifth grade to teacher of sixth grade, Alfred Jones School. Miss B. L/ Nalle, from third grade to fourth grade, and transfer from Patterson School to Mott School. Miss Ruth Piper, from teacher of second grade to teacher of third grade, and transfer from Langston School to Patterson School. C. O. Lewis, from teacher of first grade to teacher of second grade, Langston School. Resignations accepted: Miss Alma Pitts, teacher of third grade, Lucretia Mott School. Miss Georgia Coleman, teacher or cooking in the Stevens Night School. N. L. Guy, teacher in the Randall Night School. Miss C. G. Larman, teacher of fourth grade, Industrial Home School. Leaves of absence: Extension of leave for three months to A. B. Many, now on leave. Leave for remainder of school year to Miss E. C. Elliot, teacher of first grade, Madison School. Leave for three months to Miss A. E. Concklin, now on leave. Reductions: Miss E. P. Shippen, for better grading and organization), from teacher of second grade to teacher of first grade, Henry H. Garnet School. Miss A. M. Jackson (for better grading and organization), from teacher of second grade to teacher of first grade, Abraham Lincoln School. Miss B. E. Cropp (for better grading and organization), from teacher of second grade to teacher of first grade, and transfer from Douglass School to Phillips School. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ RACIAL RIOTS. _________________________________ COLOURED MEN CHARGED WITH ATTEMPTED MURDER. _____________________________ Sixteen coloured men were committed for trial at Liverpool yesterday, on charges of attempted murder and rioting in connection with the recent racial disturbances. Counsel stated that the rioting began in a public house, the coloured men being the aggressors. _______________________________________________________________________________ Colored People Ask for Justice Mary Church Terrell Voices the Plea of the Race. [*"Boston, Dec 22, 1914"*] Speaks at the Forum Dr. Hudson Presides at Meeting Sunday. [*"Dec. 1914*] Justice for the colored people of America was eloquently urged Sunday afternoon at the Brockton Public Forum by Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, well known colored lecturer, of Washington, D.C. Her appeal supplemented a talk of similar nature by Rev. Dr. Alan Hudson, who acted as chairman of the afternoon. Mrs. Terrell declared in the course of his remarks that the path of the colored boy and girl is strewn with obstacles placed there for no other reason than that they are black. Many well known colored men and women of this city were included in the audience. "The white mother," she said, "clasps her little boy to her breast for pure joy, not only of the present, but joy mingled with anticipation for the future. The white boy is a king in his own right. The fond mother knows that wealth, glory, honor and esteem is his without even the asking, if he but possesses the ability and ambition. Contrast this picture with that of the black mother. She loves her boy just as much as her white sister loves her child. But she clasps the child to her breast with a fear of the future. She knows that no matter how much ability and ambition he may possess that his road will be a hard one. "We are not standing idly by though. We are appealing to our white brothers and sisters, not for equal opportunity; for just what the constitution of the United States says we shall have, but which is winked at," she said. "The darkest chapter in American history is that which tells of human slavery and contrasted with that is the brilliant page of emancipation. Whenever that great event is mentioned it quickens the pulse of all men. We glory when we recall the examples of courage exhibited by the people of the north; when they braved even the disruption of the union for a great principle. Progress of the Colored Race. "Now the question is: Has the colored man passed muster? Has he proven himself worthy of that great sacrifice? See the successes he has achieved and every success only after a mighty struggle. At the close of the war there were very few colored people who could read or write. During the last 50 years illiteracy among the colored people has been reduced to 33 per cent. There are 50,000 colored people in various professions, 3500 in law and 3500 in medicine. We have 34,000 colored teachers. 450 newspaper editors, 30,000 in business enterprises, 100 heads of Insurance companies. "The colored man owns $57,000,000 worth of church property. Our school property is worth $25,000,000, and since 1865 we have expended more than $22,000,000 for education. We have 900,000 engaged in farming, cultivating 100,000,000 acres of land, and owning over 20,000,000 acres. "In some sections of the country the colored man is not only the victim of lawlessness, but also of the laws. "The tide of public opinion during the last 20 years' has been turning against the colored man. who were our friends years ago are not in evidence now. The interest once manifested in the north is growing considerably less. They frequently say "The colored man has got enough." "At the close of the war had a union soldier been told that within 40 years nearly all that had been fought for would be undone, he would have dismissed the remark as unworthy of credence, yet that is just what has been done. "The colored man is burned at the stake. He is flayed and shot, and the murderers are never called to account. The cry is raised that it is because of a crime peculiar to the black man. That is a terrible indictment, and is brought with no proof. "In nearly every city and town in the United States the colored man is forced to live in certain sections, where vice reigns supreme. "The colored boy and girl has no chance to get lucrative employment, and many girls are forced into lives of shame because of it. They are not allowed decent environment, and are handicapped from the start. All we ask is that we get justice, and that the laws of the land be lived up to by all." Next Sunday the speaker will be J. H. Shirley, secretary of the Hampden County Farmers' League, who will speak on the "The High Cost of Living. It's Cause and remedy." [?] OF THE HOLMES BAR ASSOCIATION ENDORSING JUDGE SMITH. Whereas, upon the death of the late lamented S.S. Calhoun, judge of the supreme court, in order that the appointment of his successor for the full term might have mature consideration, and in order that time might be allowed for the presentation of the name of anyone desiring to become an applicant for the office, the governor deemed it best to make, and did make, an appointment for the unexpired term only, which fact was at the time made clear by the governor, and was fully understood by all parties concerned. And whereas, we understand Judge R.V. Fletcher, the present incumbent, had some time prior to the death of Judge Calhoon, notified the governor that he would shortly resign his office of attorney general and resume the practice of law; and the governor believing that he, Judge Fletcher, could with justice to himself, accept and hold the office of judge of the supreme court, for the unexpired term before resuming the practice of law, explained to him the situation and tendered him the appointment for the unexpired term, which was by him accepted. And whereas, the appointment thus made left the appointment for the full term open to him and all others; therefore, be it Resolved, That the Holmes County Bar Association again unqualifiedly endorses Judge Sydney Smith for appointment as judge of the supreme court for the First Supreme Court District for the full term beginning May 10th, 1909. We point with pride to the high stand he has maintained Resolved further, That Judge Smith possesses to an eminent degree those splendid qualities and professional attainments that justly fit him for the position of this high and responsible office. Resolved further, That the governor is hereby earnestly urged to appoint Judge Smith to this position beginning May 10th, 1909. Respectfully submitted, W.P. TACKETT, H.H. ELMORE, H.S. HOOKER, G. H. McMORROUGH, W.L. DYER, J.B. BOOTHE, A.M. PEPPER, R.C. McBEE, J.H. FUQUA, JR., W.A. PIERCE, B.A. WILSON. PLANK'S CHILL TONIC - Malaria, Chills, Fever, Colds and La Grippe. Price 25 cents. No cure. No pay. All Druggists. When writing to advertisers please mention The Issue. Lv. Hattiesburg......................6:00 a.m. 2:30 p.m. Lv. Silver Creek.....................8:04 a.m. 4:31 p.m. Ar. Brookhaven.....................9:10 a.m. 5:36 p.m. Lv. Brookhaven.................... 9:14 a.m. 5:55 p.m. Lv. Roxie................................11:10 a.m. 7:55 p.m. Ar. Natchez...........................12:10 p.m. 8:55 p.m. No. 2 No. 4 Lv. Natchez................................6:30 a.m. 1:30 p.m. Lv. Roxie....................................7:30 a.m. 2:30 p.m. Ar. Brookhaven........................9:30 a.m. 4:30 p.m. Lv. Brookhaven........................9:30 a.m. 4:50 p.m. Lv. Silver Creek......................10:40 a.m. 5:57 p.m. Ar. Hattiesburg..................... 12:40 p.m. 8:00 p.m. Trains run daily. R.D. REEVES, General Passenger Agent, Hattiesburg, Miss. Effective November 8th, 1908. "THE WAYSIDE INN" Grenada, Miss. MRS. J.W. ESKRIDGE has purchased the Hotel South and having renovated and newly furnished it complete is now ready to serve the public with first-class accommodations. RATES: $2.00 PER DAY ATTENTION PLANTERS WRITE US FOR PRICES ON FARM DRAIN TILE We also Manufacture Vitrified Road Culvert Pipe. All sizes. Prompt shipments. Write us. Chattanooga Sewer Pipe & Fire Brick Company Short St. Chattanooga, Tenn. [?] served and [?] [?] welcomed. NEGRO WANTS SQUARE DEAL Dec 1914 Asks No More, Declares Mary Church Terrell. Pleading for a square deal for members of her race, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, a practicing attorney in Washington, eloquently presented the problem and progress of the colored race at the Sunday afternoon meeting of the Brockton public forum. Taking for her subject "Uncle Sam and the Sons of Ham," Mrs. Terrell outlined the progress made by the colored race in the United States since the Civil war and the obstacles which, even in the present day, prevent proper progress. Rev. Dr. Alan Hudson, pastor of the First Parish, Congregational church introduced the speaker. Charles T. Laird was the presiding officer. Mrs. Terrell said in part: "If American slavery is the blackest chapter in our history, the consecration of the sons and daughters of the north on the altar of liberty is one of the most sublime pages in the history of the world. The question today is, as a beneficiary, has the colored man passed muster or failed. Reviewing the achievements of the colored man in any field of human endeavor, no honest person can say the sacrifice made in his behalf was in vain. "In less than 50 years, illiteracy among the colored people has been reduced 30 per cent. At the present time there are 50,000 of my race in the professions. More than 3500 are practicing medicine and as many more have taken up law. There are 34,000 colored teachers. Almost 500 newspapers and periodicals are published by members of my race. More than 30,000 are in business, not including the 100 insurance companies controlled by it. Since 1865 the contributions of colored churches throughout the country have amounted to more than $22,000,000, practically all of which has been used for educational purposes. The colored people own 45,000,000 acres of land in the United States. Between the years 1900 and 1910 the valuation of land land owned by members of the colored race increased 177 per cent. "At every step on the road to education and affluence, the colored man has encountered and is encountering obstacles which require great moral courage and energy to overcome. The colored man has been the victim of lawlessness and the law. Despite everything he or his friends could do, the tide of public opinion has been against the colored man for the past 20 years. The interest in the colored race once manifested by the people of the north is rapidly growing less and less. Sometimes I think it is rapidly approaching the vanishing point. "People say the colored man is all right in the cotton fields, but up here he is impossible. Let him shift for himself, they say. If the soldier who fought with Grant was told at the advent of peace that the work of blood and money would be undone he would have declared the statement absurd." Mrs. Terrell stated the constitutional amendments in favor of the colored people had become a dead letter, especially in the south. She discussed the lynching question, which, she said, "is breaking out in places where you would least expect to find it." The speaker told of white criminals in the south blacking their faces and hands and committing depredations for which members of the black race were suspected, and in some cases harshly treated. "In judging the black man," she said, "one must bear in mind the conditions and environment surrounding his early youth. The colored people in every town and city in the United States are compelled to reside in sections where vice is allowed to flaunt itself in their faces. In the large cities children, whether on their way to school or church, are compelled to pass by the saloon of dens of iniquity. When from their childhood they see nothing but vice, is it any wonder some of them become vicious? Environment is a tremendous power in character making. "The inability of the colored man to secure employment is a tremendous obstacle in the way of progress. It is practically impossible for a colored man to gain membership in a trades union, though he may have mastered a trade. If the colored man does gain admission to a union he seldom gets employment until after every white man has been accommodated. "All the colored man asks is a square deal. If this is given him he is sure to make good. The progress of the race in the past 50 years is ample proof. Progress made in the face of the most tremendous obstacles is the silent testimony of the black man's efficiency. RANKIN PRESIDENT [?] Lodge Elects and [?] [*1919*] THE STAR, FRIDAY, JUNE 18, 1919. More Deaths in South Wales Riots. RACE RIOTING IN CARDIFF. Black Men's House Set on Fire 2 DEAD; 15 INJURED. Army Authorities Ready to Send Troops. "The Star" understands that the Government are prepared to send troops to Cardiff and other areas affected if the present anti-black riots assume proportions which the police are unable to control. Troops are in readiness to be moved at a moment's notice. There was a recrudescence of black and white affrays in the Bute-street district of Cardiff late last night. In Millicent-street the coloured men's boarding house was set on fire. Jack Donovan, aged 40, of Union street, was killed, shot through the heart. Another white man, Robert Hooks, 47, was admitted to hospital with a fractured skull, and is report to be dying. Arab Victim. Four Arabs were also admitted to hospital, one with such severe injuries that he died after an operation. This makes the fourth death during the two days' outbreak. Eleven other persons were treated for minor injuries at the hospital. The police made numerous arrests. Donovan, says the "Star" correspondent, was a discharged soldier wearing the Mons ribbon. The trouble began just before nine and lasted till nearly midnight. Insulting remarks addressed to a coloured man cause him to brandish a razor, and this act inflamed the crowd, which proceeded to a house in Crichton-street, said to be occupied by a coloured man, and smashed the windows. From here they proceeded to Bute-street. Some Arabs in a restaurant were hooted. This was answered by a volley of revolver shots from the upper windows. Houses Attacked. The crowd attacked the premises, but, thanks to the efforts of the police, they were unable to do more than smash the windows. A house in Herbert-street in the same locality was attacked with determination, and the interior completely wrecked. Then came the attack at Millicent-street. The angry crowd surged into the thoroughfare, and called on the blacks to come out. The door was burst in, and the attackers had got nearly to the stairs when shots rang out, and Donovan fell mortally wounded. Others were also hit by bullets. Colonials' War Tactics. A number of Colonial soldiers, who constituted themselves ringleaders, led the attack. When firing began they adopted active service tactics, dropping flat on their faces and crawling backwards to safety. Next a table was used as a shield, and at last the two parties got to grips. Desperate struggles were in progress, in which the coloured men used razors. Meanwhile the house was ransacked. Under cover of the first brigade's activities the blacks got safely away from the house. BARRY MURDER CHARGE. "I Defended Myself With a Pocket Knife," Says Negro. (From Our Own Correspondent) CARDIFF, Friday. A sequel to the colour disturbances at Barry was heard to-day, when a negro named Charles Emmanuel was charged with the wilful murder of Frederick Henry Longman, labourer and discharged soldier, of Beverley-street, Cadoxton, Barry. Police-Sergeant David Phillips said that at 4:30 p.m. on the previous night he heard cries of "Murder!" and saw Emmanuel running towards him from the direction of Beverley-street, followed by a crowd. He had a pocket knife, on which were fresh bloodstains in his hand. Witness stopped him, and, after having taken him to the police station, went to a house in Beverley-street, where he saw the body of Longman. There was a gash on the left breast, and cuts in his clothing. When charged with murder Emmanuel replied:- I defended myself with a pocket knife. I was going down the street for for a little walk after signing on, and this man (deceased) said: "Why don't you go into your own street?" I say "Behave [?] time I turn around to him I speak to one coloured woman, and she came behind me and hit me one clout in the eye. Three more hit me, one with a poker, and I defend myself with a knife. I run away shouting "Murder!" Prisoner was remanded for a week. TUESDAY, MARCH 6, [19??] AT THE LOCAL "The Clansman" Boisterously Received at the Columbia. "The Clansman" evoked boisterous enthusiasm, mingled with hisses and groans, at the Columbia Theater, and the greater part of the evening patrons of that eminently respectable playhouse had every incentive to imagine themselves in one of the minor theaters, surrounded by an emotional public, which is accustomed to share keenly the mental attitude of the characters on the stage. Pent-up feelings were unleashed, and people accustomed to visions of lovely maidens gowned as Dresden shepherdesses, or rigged out in pink tights and resplendent bodices, thrilled and throbbed to the moving events of a genuine old-fashioned melodrama embodying all the color and salient features that once shone luminously in "Dred," "Uncle Tom's Cabin," and "The Octoroon." Only things were reversed and the premise transposed, and there was something in the nature of a novelty that made the whole piece seem like a dramatization of a contemporaneous essay on the negro question. There was no call for Rev. Thomas Dixon, ir., after the second act, and the rapturous applause was really intended for Nelse, a sample of the genuine post-bellum darky who remains loyal to his master. Nelse asks the carpetbag governor of South Carolina whether he really means that the negro is the equal of the white man, and in prompt response to the governor's affirmative lays him low with a blow on the jaw without further apology for his presumption. The wild outburst that greeted this incident brought Mr. Dixon to the front of the curtain with a speech. The speech was a defense of the play, which has been assailed by the critics. These critics, said the author, were confined to the newspapers, and not apparent in the [?] [?] [?] up, he said that his play represented conditions in the South as he knew them. Mr. Dixon asks us not to judge "The Clansman" as an ethical problem, but as a dramatic composition. If we are not permitted to distinguish the ethical from the dramatic aspects of his play, it would be interesting to know how that responsibility can be successfully evaded. It presents a forcible instance where an indifferent play, characterized by shallow definition of character, want of dramatic perspective, and excess of conventional devices, is hailed with the most boisterous demonstrations of delight. The applause and feverish enthusiasm are not, however, tributes to the play as a work of art - and every good play is a work of art - but to its ethics. The piece, intrinsically, is no better, to say the best of it, than some of the lurid melodramas from the pen of Theodore Kremer; but when the author uses such incidents as the murder of Little Flora at the hands of a negro brute, and the wooing of a white girl by a colored Adonis, he demolishes the dramatic perspective - the "optique du theatre," as the French say - and deals with brutally realistic facts which are bound to provoke hysteria in an audience. The fire and passion which such incidents engender are not bestowed upon legitimate dramatic effects, but upon the realistic devices of cheap melodrama, which tend to destroy the sense of illusion, which is the real charm of the theater. The cruelty of the prize ring produces just such hysteria, and it is popular. If the critics shed the gall of their pens in arraignment of the artistic qualities of "The Clansman" they are well within their jurisdiction, for it has no high artistic ideals, while ethically it is an anachronism. But it is safe to predict that in spite of its shallowness and lack of real sentiment and sympathy, it will be well patronized. It is as full of catch phrases as an egg is full of meat; it is well mounted, and, in the main, well played, even with the author omitting his curtain speech. Georgia Welles was admirable as the heroine, and Sydney Ayres, barring a slight staginess in the earlier scenes, played the hero, Ben Cameron, with fire, passion, and considerable discretion. Austin Stoneman, the fanatical abolitionist, who is called upon to put his faith in inter-marriage to such severe test when the mulatto lieutenant governor asks for his daughter's hand in marriage, was consistently played, as was the role of Dr. Cameron by Joseph Wheelock, sr. The part of Lynch, the lieutenant governor, was made a strong part of the performance in the hands of Austin Webb, and two excellent character studies in black [?] given by [?] Witt C[?] Jennings, as [?] as [?all] CLOSES "THE CLANSMAN." [*1906*] [*Star Oct - 24*] Order Issued in Philadelphia Prohibiting the Play. Convinced that the intention of "The Clansman," the play which opened at the Walnut Street Theater, in Philadelphia, on Monday night, is to intensify the racial hatred between the white men and the negroes, and that it has a tendency to incite to riot, Mayor Weaver, after hearing the statements of representative negroes and the managers of the play yesterday afternoon, instructed Director McKenty to see that the play is not produced again. The interior of the theater was dark last night, and persons who had purchased tickets for the performance had their money refunded. Mayor Weaver's action in closing the play was largely due to the fact that he has been informed that the agitation among the colored men of that city was started by the agents of the show for the purpose of advertising the production. The mayor declared that he had been informed that booklets, describing the play, had been sent by messenger boys to prominent negro clergymen at midnight a short time ago, for the purpose of arousing their antagonism. "The Clansman" was presented there last spring for four weeks and a similar protest was made to the mayor by prominent colored men. At that time the managers of the play were represented before the mayor by the law firm of Edmonds & Mason, composed of Franklin Spencer Edmonds, chairman of the city party city committee, and William Clark Mason, who is a city party candidate for the state senate in West Philadelphia. Owing to the fact that there was no public demonstration the mayor permitted the production to go on. A delegation of more than a hundred colored men, some of whom have achieved national prominence, called on Mayor Weaver yesterday morning and asked him to suppress "The Clansman." STOPS "THE CLANSMAN". Mayor Weaver, Fearing Trouble, Suppresses the Drama. Philadelphia, Oct. 23 - Mayor Weaver today issued an order suppressing the further production here of the drama "The Clansman," which began last night with what was to have been a week's engagement at the Walnut Street Theater. The mayor's action was prompted by the demonstration last night at the theater by several thousand colored citizens. A delegation of representative colored men, consisting of clergymen, doctors, lawyers, and business men, called upon the mayor to-day and protested against the continuance of the play, because of its alleged tendency to arouse racial prejudice and to incite riot. The chief spokesman for the delegation was former Congressman George A. White, of South Carolina, who now resides here. Counsel for the management of the theatrical production claimed that there was redress through the courts for those opposed to the play, and charged that the colored people and not the players were responsible for last night's riotous demonstration. After hearing both sides, Mayor Weaver took counsel with the city solicitor and later decided that "The Clansman" was calculated to produce disorder and endanger lives. In consequence of this he ordered the withdrawal of the piece. The management of the play will tomorrow go into court and apply for an injunction restraining the mayor from interfering with the production. SOLEMN VIGIL OVER RELICS. WASHINGTON, D. C., WEDNESDAY 'CLANSMAN' RACE RIOT Trouble Over the Play in city of Philadelphia. LEGAL MEASURES TAKEN Manager of Company Interviews Mayor Weaver. OYSTER SHUCKERS ON STRIKE Could Not Stand Working With Negroes After Seeing Theatrical Performance. [*1906*] Special Dispatch to the Star. PHILADELPHIA, October 24. - Because of the late hour yesterday afternoon at which Mayor Weaver, in response to the demand of the colored citizens, prohibited the continuance of "The Clansman," the Rev. Thomas Dizon's play at the Walnut Street Theater, the managements of the production and of the theater were prevented from taking the matter into the courts until this morning. Today former Judge Maxwell Stevenson, representing the management of the play [an]d the management of the Walnut Street [?] through its attorneys, Hepbur[?] [?] Krause, filed a bill of equity fo[?] [?] preliminary injunction restraining the mayor from interfering with the performance of "The Clansman." The management of the play intervenes with the theater management in asking the court to allow the doors of the theater to reopen. The hearing will be held tomorrow. It was the intention first to appeal to Mayor Weaver for reversal of his decision of yesterday and falling in that the bill in equity was filed. The contention of the management is that, as Mayor Weaver officially approved the same play in April last and as it has been produced in every big city in the United States without interference, it is the duty of the authorities to not only permit its being played here, but to protect it from interference from outside sources. Before announcing his decision yesterday Mayor Weaver summoned Mr. Stevenson to his office and gave him the option of withdrawing the play, but Mr. Stevenson declined to do this. Makes Oystermen Strike. He told the mayor such action on the part of the theatrical managers would be a tacit admission that the production was improper. Several thousand persons gathered about the theater again last night, evidently expecting that there would be more trouble. When the throng was greeted by a huge sign announcing that the play had been temporarily withdrawn and that seats could be either exchanged or the equivalent in cash refunded today, keen disappointment was manifested. The agitation over the production of "The Clansman" had a serio-comic aftermath this morning. Forty white men employed as oyster openers in the wholesale house of E.P. Simmons, Frontand Dock streets, struck because the "boss" would not discharge fifteen colored men, also employed as openers of the succulent bivalve. It seems that the forty white men attended Monday night's performance of "The Clansman" and became so worked up over the play and the incipient riot which followed that they looked askance on every member of the colored race. When they learned last night that the play had been put under the ban, largely through the efforts of the colored ministers, their mutterings of anger crystallized, and this morning they struck. WILL CAPTURE THE HOUSE. DRAMATIZED NIGHTMARE [*Post - March 11 - 1906*] "THE CLANSMAN" the past week wrought havoc among the ghosts. The spirits of all the departed American dramatists who first utilized the negro as a dramatic personality - John Brougham, who wrote "Dred, a Tale of the Dismal Swamp" for the stage; Dion Boucicault, who was the author of "The Octoroon;" George L. Aiken, who dramatized "Uncle Tom's Cabin," and all the rest of the sainted were up in arms. Perhaps it is the spirits of these departed that are re-embodied in the dramatic critics of to-day, and are voicing their protest against the unsurpation of their genre. Hence the author travels with the company, and on the inaugural performance goes before the curtain and appeals from the verdict of critics to that of the audience. Oh, Mr. Dixon! The spirits of these dead authors are speaking through the medium of the critics. And beware! There is Theodore Kremer, in the flesh, accusing you of invading his preserves; and there is Laura Jean Libbey, protesting in the name of all that stands for real sentiment against your encroachment upon the sacred domain of melodrama. "The Clansman" belongs in the Shakespearean classification of comical-tragical plays, for it is at once exhilarating and pathetic. It is a dramatized nightmare, a feast for those who love the physical evidence of passion untempered by poetic sympathy. The author attempts a picture of Southern life in the reconstruction days of 1868. It may have elements of truth, but the appeal is not to dramatic truth, but to narrow political passions. It lacks bigness and universality. "The object of the theater," said Lessing, "is not what this or that particular person has done, but what every person of a certain character under certain circumstances would do." The dramatist may be justified in taking his material where he finds it, but his problem must be subordinate to dramatic ethics, and such plays as "The Virginian" and "The Clansman" are radically false in principle, in that they present episodes from real life without due regard for the illusion which constitutes the charm of the theater. We have a certain realism in plays like "The Second Mrs. Tranqueray" and "Therese Raquin." The realism here, however, is not made offensively manifest, but left to the imagination of the audience. We see no signs of physical torture, but the spiritual agony of remorse. These are dramas of real passion, whereas in "The Clansman" real passion is inflamed into fustian, and the residue is melodrama, in which dignity of form and literary simplicity are sacrificed to sensational and overwrought effects. The most interesting character in this vivid nightmare is the mulatto leader Lynch, a modern Toussaint l'Ouverture, who embodies all the traditions as well as reports and rumors which are popularly associated with the negro who aspires to social equality. As a character he is a perfect compendium of these traditions, rumors and reports. He was played rather better than he was drawn, designed, and plotted - a handsome beast and a perfect specimen of the African Adonis. But his education was misdirected. He imagined that because another man, equally miseducated, is an abolitionist and a stickler for racial equality, such a man as we have presented in the Northern fanatic, Stoneman, is ready to sacrifice his daughter to his political doctrines. And why not? If a man becomes a fanatical convert to the doctrine of racial equality and goes his full limit on it, as Stoneman does, according to Mr. Dixon, by what theatrical legerdemain is he suddenly changed into a violent protestant against the union of his daughter with Lynch, who is lieutenant governor of the State, simply because Lynch is a black man? That is one of the problems Mr. Dixon leaves us to guess at. When a man in real life shirks responsibility for a situation which he has deliberately created he is insincere and called evasive. When an author evades the logical consequences of a situation which de deliberately creates in a play to arouse interest, he is equally insincere and his work is theatrical. The logical explanation of the situation in the last act, where, Lynch asks Stoneman for his daughter's hand, would have been for Stoneman to say: "Sir, as the advocate of social equality among the blacks and whites I can have no objection to you as my son-in-law, but in a matter of this kind I shall allow my daughter to speak for herself." That would have been perfectly rational, but, of course, it would have knocked down Mr. Dixon's card house and reduced the fabric of his perfervid imagination by the minim of one thrill. For Elsie Stoneman is held a prisoner in the next room under a guard of two black varlets, who have been instructed to shoot her if Stoneman should wreak vengeance on the mulatto by perforating his anatomy with a sprinkling of cold lead. What would have become of this Sardouesque situation if mere regard for logical consistency were suffered to stand in the way? What Mr. Dixon's quodlibet lacks, artistically, is romantic smpathy. The love story is episodic, a mere thread to hold together a number of revolting episodes, like the murder of little Flora by a negro brute, the confession of the creature in the cave where the Ku-Klux are gathered in oppressive gloom like the freischoeffen of the Holy Vehme, and other disgusting incidents. The fact that there is a large public ready to hail such a play is no criterion of its merit, as Mr. Dixon supposes. We know a thing or two about that. Bean pods rattle loudest when dry. And you always wink with your weakest eye. -- Bret Harte. Physical suffering and violent grotesquery unfortunately exercise a powerful influence upon the imagination of a miscellaneous audience always. Intermittent scenes are well played, and [?] ture, but the picture is frayed. The emotional young leading man with his padded shoulders has now been the vogue for a number of seasons. These heroic parts used to be played by real men with real stuff in them. I myself have seen heroes in real life with spurs on their heels and trousers tucked into their boot tops, but they did not get regularly shaved, did not wear an ecstatic smile, or articulate in a cooing tenor; and I can't image them making love in that guileless fashion that is seen so extensively practiced on the stage nowadays. Some diverting low comedy types are introduced, but the whole thing has a smack of conventionality. At oddly recurring periods the question is asked when women [?first?] appeared [?on] the stage in character. Shakespeare's heroines were played by boys, and the great dramatist never saw his Juliet, his Rosalind and Desdemona played by women. They were introduced on the Italian stage about 1560; on the English stage between November 20, 1660, and January 3, 1661, and Mrs. Hughes is generally credited with being the first English actress. She is known to have played Desdemona between those dates. The first woman to appear on the German stage was heard in opera in 1687, prior to which all female roles were taken by boys. There is some doubt whether the date regarding the first appearance of women on the English stage is correct, for Thomas Coryat, a traveler, throws doubt on the subject in his "Crudities," published in 1611. He says" "Here (Venice) * * * I saw women acte, a thing that I never saw before, though I hear that it ha[?] been used in London." The Duke de Grammont relates in his memoirs that "the King one night was impatient to have the play begin. 'Sire,' said Davenant, 'they are shaving the queen.'" In the epilogue to "As You Like It" Rosalind says: "If I were a woman I would kiss as many of you as had beards that pleased me." Charles II sanctioned the employment of actresses in 1662: "Whereas the women's parts in plays have hitherto been acted by men, in the habits of women, at which some have taken great offense, we do permit and give leave, for the time to come, that all women's parts be acted by women." This is the wording of an extract from a license in 1662 to a London theater. "Nocturne" the curtain raiser by [Le?] performance goes before the curtain and appeals from the verdict of the critics to that of the audience. Oh, Mr. Dixon! The spirits of these dead authors are speaking through the medium of the critics. And beware! There is Theoodore Kremer, in the flesh, accusing you of invading his preserves; and there is Laura Jean Libbey, protesting in the name of all that stands for real sentiment against your encroachment upon the sacred domain of melodrama. "The Clansman" belongs in the Shakespearean classification of comical-tragical plays, for it is at once exhilarating and pathetic. It is a dramatized nightmare, a feast for those who love the physical evidence of passion untempered by poetic sympathy. The author attempts a picture of Southern life in the reconstruction days of 1868. It may have elements of truth, but the appeal is not to dramatic truth, but to marrow political passions. It lacks bigness and universality. "The object of the theater," said Lessing, "is not what this or that particular person has done, but what every person of certain character under certain circumstances would do." The dramatist may be justified in taking his material where he finds it, but his problem must be subordinate to dramatic ethics, and such plays as "The Virginian" and "The Clansman" are radically false in principle, in that they present episodes from real life without due regard for the illusion which constitutes the charm of the theater. We have a certain realism in plays like "The Second Mrs. Tanqueray" and "Therese Raquin." The realism here, however, is not made offensively manifest, but left to the imagination of the audience. We see no signs of physical torture, but the spiritual agony of remorse. There are dramas of real passion, whereas in "The Clansman" real passion is inflamed into fustian, and the residue is melodrama, in which dignity of form and literary simplicity are sacrificed to sensational and overwrought effects. The most interesting character in this vivid nightmare is the mulatto leader Lynch, a modern Toussaint l'Ouverture, who embodies all the tradition as well as reports and rumors which are popularly associated with the negro who aspires to social equality. As a character he is a perfect compendium of these traditions, rumors, and reports. He was played rather better than he was drawn, designed, and plotted - a handsome beast and a perfect specimen of the African Adonis. But his education was misdirected. He imagined that because another man, equally miseducated, is an abolitionist and a stickler for racial equality, such a man as we have presented in the Northern fanatic, Stoneman, is ready to sacrifice his daughter to his political doctrines. And why not? If a man becomes a fanatical convert to the doctrine of racial equality and goes his full limit on it, as Stoneman does, according to Mr. Dixon, by what theatrical legerdemain is he suddenly changed into a violent protestant against the union of his daughter with Lynch, who is lieutenant governor of the State, simply because Lynch is a black man? That is one of the problems Mr. Dixon leaves us to guess at. When a man in real life shirks responsibility for a situation which he has deliberately created he is insincere and called evasive. When an author ecades the logical consequences of a situation which he deliberately creates in a play to arouse interest, he is equally insincere and his work is theatrical. The logical explanation of the situation in the last act, where, Lynch asks Stoneman for his daughter's hand, would have been for Stoneman to say: "Sir, as the advocate of social equality among the blacks and whites I can have no objection to you as my son-in-law, but in a matter of this kind I shall allow my daughter to speak for herself." That would have been perfectly rational, but, of course, it would have knocked down Mr. Dixon's card house and reduced the fabric of his perfervid imagination by the minim of one thrill. For Elsie Stoneman is held a prisoner in the next room under a guard of two black variets, who have been instructed to shoot her if Stoneman should wreak vengeance on the mulatto by perforating his anatomy with a sprinkling of cold lead. What would have become of this Sardouesque situation if mere regard for logical consistency were suffered to stand in the way? What Mr. Dixon's quodlibet lacks, artistically, is romantic sympathy. The love story is episodic, a mere thread to hold together a number of revolting episodes, like the murder of little Flora by a negro brute, the confession of the creature in the cave where the Ku-Klux are gathered in oppressive gloom like the freischoeffen of the Holy Vehme, and other dosgusting incidents. The fact that there is a large public ready to han such a play is no criterion of its merit, as Mr. Dixon supposes. We know a thing or two about that. Bean pods rattle loudest when dry. And you always wink with your weakest eye. -Bret Harte. Physical suffering and violent grotesquery unfortunately exercise a powerful influence upon the imagination of a muscellaneous student audience. Intermittent scenes are well played, and some of the characters were well represented. We see a good deal of the emotional young actor in this play, smirking and bridling like a girl of sixteen - the kind that cannot address the leading lady as she sits under the umbrageous limbs of a spreading chestnut tree without putting his knee on the bench and leaning in a sentimental attitude with extended arm against the trunk. It makes a pic the stage in character. Shakespeare heroines were played by boys, and the great dramatist never saw his Juliet, his Rosalind and Desdemona played by women. They were introduced on the Italian stage about 1560; on the English stage between Novermber 20,1660, and January 3, 1661, and Mrs. Hughes in generally credited with being the first English acterss. She is known to have played De emona between those dates. The first woman to appear on the German stage was heard in oprea in 1687, prior to which all female roles were taken by boys. There is some doubt wheter the date regarding the first appearence of women on the English stage is correct, for Thomas Coryat, a traveler, throws doubt on the subject in his "Crudities," published in 1611. He says: "Here (Venice) I saw a woman acte, a thing that I never saw before, though I hear that it has been used in London." The Duke de Grammont relates in his memoirs that "the King one night was impatient to have the play begin. Sire,' said Davenant, 'they are shaving the queen.'" In the epilogue to "As You Like It" Rosalind says: "If I were a woman I would kiss as many of you as had beards that pleased me." Charles II sanctioned the employment of actresses in 1662: "Whereas the women's parts in plays have hitherto been acted by men, in the habits of women, at which some have taken great offense, we do permit and give leave, for the time to come, that all women's parts be acted by women." This is the wording of an extract from a license in 1662 to a London theater. "Nocturne" the curtain raiser by THE EVENING STAR THE THEATER. Columbia Theater. Thomas H. Dixon, jr., who travels with the company now producing "The Clansman" at the Columbia Theater, is by far the most interesting feature of the performance. He has the oratorical instinct, and his personality breathes the defiance of the natural born debater. At the moment when it is customary to call for the author of the play Mr. Dixon appeared before the curtain. The audience had not asked for him, but was glad to see him none the less. The applause had been frequent and vociferous, and some curiosity on Mr. Dixon's part to come out and have a square look at the crowd who was making the noise was quite justifiable. Mr. Dixon thanked the audience for its enthusiasm with all the modesty and grace of a young author, but in a few minutes his rhetoric found its natural militant swing and he called attention to the very deserved roastings which his play had hitherto received. He said it was a remarkable fact that his critics were all on the press and not in his audiences. He proceeded to congratulate the assemblage before him upon its fairness and discrimination, when certain sibilant reminders reached him that he had been mistaken in assuming unanimity in his hearers' approval, and he brought his threatened lecture to a close. The subject of the play is most unpleasant and appeals to the morbid curiosity which always draws a crowd when it becomes noised abroad that something objectionable is on exhibition. By a peculiar paradox the utter crudity of the work, both in structure and performance, proves in a sense its salvation. People of intelligence are not likely to take it overseriously, and those who find satisfaction in noisy demonstration are given abundant opportunity to express their personal vigorous hand-clapping to signify indorsement and hissing to indicate disapproval. The play is a dramatized stump speech of a school long since departed. The method of portraying its characters and incidents defeats its own intentions so far as the enlistment of sympathy is concerned for the logic of [?] [?] [?] [?] [?] entirely on the [???????] [????] against whom its [???][????] obvious purpose is to incense the spectators. And the denouement which relieves the fearful situation to which its logic has led up, is strained, conventional and devoid of argumentative significance. It may be that the fires of passion and hatred which this representation describes, still smolder. Had this play possessed sufficient quality to command thoughtful consideration its effect would have been none other than to fan them into dangerous activity. Mr. Dixon's books afforded material of value to students of this country's history, but the people before whom his play is presented are not students, or if such, they must assuredly resent the cheap trickery and shameless effrontery by which appeal to the passions instead of to the reason is attempted. There is absolutely no topic which scientific discussion must not touch, and yet many such topics are forbidden in ordinary discourse. As a writer of books Mr. Dixon claims something of the consideration of a man who is earnestly and honestly trying to convey information. The play, however, descends abruptly to the level of an appeal to mere pruriency. People who enjoy being shocked will view it with satisfaction. The scenery is elaborate and the company on a par with those usually employed in melodramatic production of the ultra-sensational sort. New National Theater NEGRO-BAITING CLOSES SHOW [*1*]Wash Herald Mayor Weaver Orders "The Clansman" Withdrawn from Theater. Was Suppressed Because Disturbance at Walnut Street House Was for Advertising Purposes. [*1906*] Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 23. - After conferences with representatives of the Walnut Street Theater, "The Clansman" company and negroes who opposed it, Mayor Weaver this afternoon ordered the Walnut Street Theater closed until another play is procured to succeed it. The theater, therefore, was not open to-night. The mayor, in his order closing the theater, said that from the evidence submitted to him he was satisfied the play stirred up racial hatred; that it had been constructed for that purpose, and that as under the wise administration of law the racial hatred engendered during reconstruction days had been eliminated, it would be unwise to permit a play to revive it. He was satisfied that the disturbance at the theater had been caused for advertising purposes. After the mayor had announced his decision to suppress the production of the show, the negroes present gave him and Director McKenty a vote of thanks. Judge Maxwell Stevenson, counsel for the theater, announced that to-morrow he would apply to a court for an injunction to restrain the mayor from preventing the production of the play. [*1906*] Southern Opinion of Tom Dixon. The Post has received so many remonstrances on the score of its proclaimed opinion of Dixon's play, "The Clansman," it may not be out of place to call attention to some other opinions of very much the same character emanating from Southern sources of high and unquestionable authority. It does not occur to us that Mr. Dixon, intrinsically, is worth one fraction of the notice he receives. On the contrary, as we see him, he is a mere incendiary mountebank who seeks to stir up trouble in order that he may put money in his purse. The play is as mischievous and as untrue to life as "Uncle Tom's Cabin" ever was, and, we solemnly believe, was written without one-tenth of the excuse of honest ignorance and genuine benevolence that animated Harriet Beecher Stowe. By the Standard of his merits, Dixon should be consigned to the limbo of contemptuous neglect. But this professional Southerner is now on every lip. Somehow of other, he has managed to concentrate upon himself the inquiring, speculative gaze of untold thousands North, South, East, and West. And since The Post has spoken of him in terms of deep disparagement, and since, for some mysterious reason, the general public are still interested in him, we think it well to inject into the discussion the views of three Southern newspapers, representative, authoritative, and everywhere respected. The Columbia (S. C.) State says : "The 'Rev.' Tom Dixon and a squad of negro speakers held a joint debate before a racially mixed crowd in New York the other night, the subject being the play. "The Clansman.' It is publicly reported that Dixon hired the hail and arranged for the colored protest. Of that we do not know, but there is no doubt of the debate being an advertising scheme. By the way, is not this joint debate business rather trespassing on social equality? And what kind of teaching is it for the negroes when Dixon tells them that if left in this country they will, some day not remotely distant, be sixty millions strong, and will 'appear in the white man's drawing-room, rifle in hand, demanding social equality?' He, Tom Dixon, [?] [?] negro he makes a great fighter? If any man, styling himself a friend of the negro, should come from New York and utter such sentiments to negro audiences in the South, he would likely be called on by the Southern defenders of Tom Dixon, the advertising showman, and be notified when the next train going North was scheduled to leave that town." Next comes the Macon (Ga.) News: "An amusing and at the time repulsive spectacle it must have been to see this scion of an old North Carolina family, this self-advertised prophet of the Southern people, giving and taking in a debate with the four negroes. At one stage of the meeting, it is reported, there came an open clash of words between the white man and the darkies, and the audience lined up and began yelling, half for Dixon, half for his black opponents. That must have been a proud moment: for the author of "The Clansman.' He will doubtless use the situation as a tableau in his next play." Finally, the Charleston News and Courier: "Mr. Dixon has a very fine sense of humor. His statement that he has been deterred from further discussion of the negro question in the Epiphany Church lest he lay himself open to the charge of advertising his play is really a delicious bit of humor, and the gravity with which he says that after his play has left New York, when he can no longer be subjected to 'the cruel and unjust imputation that I was seeking notoriety and advertising would be absolutely without basis,' he will again take part in the discussion of the question that has aroused so great interest among the Afro-Americans of New York and their white sympathizers - his gravity, we say, in the circumstances, shows that Mr. Dixon knows his business. We do not very much blame him; we only do not wish him to believe that he is fooling anybody in these parts with his amusing methods of keeping his damned play before the public." We do no often indulge in copious quotations, so far as concerns our edi- [*Post*] "The Clansman" Again. [*Oct 4 1906*] If the story which comes from Philadelphia concerning the methods employed there to advertise Thomas Dixon's somewhat notorious play, "The Clansman," is true - and some events of the past justify the belief that it is - -the sooner that play is suppressed the better. There has been doubt as to the usefulness of this play ever since it was first put on the boards; the Southern press, especially, being almost a unit in its condemnation. The methods used to advertise it have not been of a character to command approval of intelligent people, and the story it tells, being neither well told nor interestingly interpreted, has failed to gain the sympathy of the very people it seeks to defend. In Philadelphia the madness of the methods of advertising produced a riot. The advance agents seem to have planned deliberately to incite race prejudice. Thousands of postal cards were strewn about the city calling upon negroes to go to the theater and stop the play by force. The agitation had as its object, of course, the advertising of the play. Already the South has practically repudiated "The Clansman." Southern audiences - and remember, it proposes to be a defense of the Southern people - will have none of it. Whatever of truth it tells, it serves to bring about conditions that the South is not seeking. It is a play that no section should want; and any section that does want it should not be allowed to have it The New York Times, which got so hot in the collar because we described Thomas Dixon's "The Clansman" as an infamous book, now accuses Dixon of having plagiarized therein, under a thin disguise of paraphrase, certain chapters of one Dr. John J. Craven's "The Prison Life of Jefferson Davis." Even we had not suspected that Dixon, in addition to his other crimes, was guilty of theft. An Oberlin professor has reached the conclusion by The Sun Printing and Publishing Associate Mayor Bars "The Clansman" [*"Sun-Oct 24, 1906"*] Dixon's Show Gets Mixed Up in Philadelphia Politics Negroes, After a Night of Rioting, Demand that Theatre be Closed and Being Clannish Voters, They Win--Black Belt Turns Out to Celebrate Dixon's Defeat. Philidelphia, Oct. 23 -- After an all day conference with negro ministers and representative citizens of the "Black Belt" brought about by the rioting before the Walnut Street Theatre last night, Mayor Weaver this evening forbade all further performances of the Rev. Thos. Dixon's reconstruction play, "The Clansman," in this city. The theatre was closed. Forger Judge Maxwell Stevenson has been retained by the Dixon company, and to-morrow will apply for an injunction to restrain the Mayor from preventing the production of the play. In the "Black Belt," whose population is more than 60,000, the result of the action was at once apparent. The negroes paraded about in mobs, and to-night hundreds have surged past the closed theatre, shouting menacingly. Squads of police are guarding the place and keep crowds moving. Gangs of whites from the tough parts of the city have made their appearance, fights have been frequent and the tension is great. Mayor Weaver began the conference with the negroes this morning. Fully a hundred of the negro leaders packed his office, among them being the three ministers, who had signed the call to action yesterday. The management of "The Clansman" was also there, including the press agent whose efforts to start the mob ball rolling. The blacks were severely arraigned by the Mayor, who said: "I will listen to everything you may have to say, but I want to tell you right here that a single drop of blood been shed in the theatre last night every man whose name is signed to that call would have been arrested. I am surprised that ministers of the Gospel should lend their names to such a document." At noon the conference broke up, but it was resumed about 2 o'clock. Until 6 o'clock the matter was argued and then the Mayor issued his order closing the theatre in the following terms: "From the evidence that has been brought to me I am convinced that the intention of the play is to intensify the racial hatred that existed between our white and our colored citizens in the Southern States during the reconstruction period and that the tendency of the play is to produce racial hatred. "Inasmuch as the wise administration of the laws has to a very great extent removed racial hatred I am of the opinion that nothing should do everything in our power to entirely remove it. "I am under the impression that the agitation in regard to this show was commenced by its agents and that they did it for the purpose of advertising the production. This has been carried on to such an extent that it has aroused our colored citizens to a state of frenzy, and if permitted to go on I believe it would produce a very bitter feeling. "I deem it my duty as Chief Executive to prevent any such act that tends to violence and I therefore forbid the play known as 'The Clansman' to be continued and I instruct the director of the Department of Public Safety to see that there shall be no further performance of the play in this city." Immediately the negroes proposed a vote of thanks to Mayor Weaver and the disorder in the black belt began. There is a general belief that the Mayor's action in the case was dictated by politics and was forced upon him by the attitude this morning of the newspapers that are supporting his enemies. In an effort to further enrage the blacks and direct their hatred toward the Mayor these papers declared that the Mayor had caused the riot by allowing the play to go on in the face of earnest protests from representative citizens of the race. The intent was to alienate the negro vote from the Republican organization candidates toward City party nominees. By his action Weaver has effectually halted this threatened defection and has swung the black belt over to the organization. "The Clansman" is a sacrifice on the political altar and the press agent who builded oo strong is trembling for his job. GRATITUDE TO A HOSPITAL Jacksonville Mayor Won't Sign Jim Crow Law JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - A bill to compel bus drivers to jim-crow their Negro passengers or go to jail, was returned unsigned to the city council by Mayor Alsop, late last week. The law was agreed upon in council meeting as the only solution to the bus transportation problem, long one of this city's biggest headaches. It was intended to make bus drivers responsible for the seating of their white passengers in the front and colored riders in the rear of the conveyances. Mayor Alsop, however, gave the opinion that such a bill should not be necessary if residents of the city made up their minds to comply with the present ordinance, and ease the practice of taking advantage of the absence of more rigid enforcement. Blames White Patrons He intimated that white passengers were equally as responsible for the difficulties arising from the problem as colored. It is essential, he pointed out, that all citizens assume their "proper places" in the buses without argument or ceremony. "Proper places," it is understood, refer to the front of the buses for white passengers and the rear of the bus for Negroes. Colored patrons of the city's bus [unknown] contend that white passengers seek to crowd them out of the buses entirely. Entering the bus, it is said, white riders attempt to "hog" all the window seats, then raise a vigorous protest if a colored person sits down beside them. In a public statement, the mayor appealed to the public to follow a cooperative plan which reads thus: "White passengers, upon entering a bus, are to fill the seats from the front to the rear. Negroes, upon entering, are to go immediately to the rear and occupy the seats from the back toward the front. Hits Seat Skipping "Both white and Negro patrons will be expected to completely fill the seats, and not sit singly, or skip seats. When buses are crowded, Negro passengers will pay the driver, then enter the rear door and stand in the back. "In that manner, both races will fill up their respective parts of the bus. If there are more white persons aboard, they will get most seats. On the other hand, if most of the riders are colored, the Negros will have the majority of the seats." Colored representatives made it clear that they did not seek to abolish the custom of segregation. They said what they wanted was an understanding by both white and Negro residents as to the best way for both groups to ride the buses without conflict. They pointed out that the moment white passengers stop the practice of spreading out over the buses promiscuously, a real relief will be found. CALLED FROM LINCOLN JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. - Sixty-one members of the army enlisted reserve corps at Lincoln university have been called to active service with the army on orders of the commanding officer of the Seventh Service Command. PAGE SIX THE CHICAGO DEFENDER White Kids Rebuff Hate Elect Negro Boy 'Mayor' A sinister clique of some Catholic church officials attempting to spread race hatred in the Frances Cabrini homes on the near north side was rebuked Wednesday by more than 200 white and Negro youngsters at the federal housing project. With ballots untainted by racial prejudice, the civic-minded boys and girls went to their own polls in a Junior city election to name a 14-year-old Negro boy, Charles Brown, their mayor. Defeated were several white youngsters although some eighty percent of the Cabrini tenants are white. By electing Brown to the highest post in the self-government setup children of the project put the [?ie] to Father Luigi Giambastiani, white Catholic priest, who contends that housing officials are forcing an undesirable situation by integrating colored families in the Cabrini community. The Italian priest is the principal advocate of as a policy of segregation which housing authorities have steadfastly opposed. Two Others Win Too Young Brown, who lives at 523 West Delaware street, held a margin of four votes over his nearest opponent, a little white girl, at the close of the balloting. His brother, James, 16, and another lad, Willie Bates, also won places in the elections. The former was named councilman for the fourth ward and the latter councilman for the fifth. John Cali, Anna Ficarella and June Anderson, councillors. Results of the elections were a resounding rebuff to Father Luigi, who told the Defender that white families of the community did not want Negro residents in the project. Segregation, though he insisted on using the term "separation," is according to the priest, "the only practical course to an amicable arrangement." He admitted a direct responsibility for the attempt to mould a community resentment against the greatly outnumbered colored residents, and voiced a strong desire to see jim-crowism fostered in the Cabrini homes. Charges Communism "Separation of the two groups," Father Luigi declared, "while not the ideal theoretical solution, is the only practical road to community brotherhood. Negroes have the Ida B. Wells project. Why do they want to come into this project where they are not wanted? "The colored families do not wish to live with the white families. They know that the true course to harmony and good will is through an amicable separate distribution. The Negroes, themselves, don't want to live this way. They are simply being misled by Communistic influences who seek to tell them what they want." The Defender reporter pointed to a mixed group of children playing in front of the rectory window to show that human beings will enjoy friendly and happy relations as long as they are not interfered with. "Those children will play together, with no hint of animosity based on race," the Defender pointed out, "as long as there is no outside endeavor to show them some imaginary sociological difference exists between them. The same is true of any group of individuals. Friendly relations will continue as long as no prejudiced mind is permitted to tamper with the arrangement." The priest sought to refute the point which was further proved in the elections. His comment on the election was: "I am not surprised that they elected a little colored boy their mayor. As I told you the other day, this is the mind of a child. They're just children. They don't begin to think until they grow up. They don't learn to discriminate until they've begun to take the trend of the environment." The attitude of Father Luigi contradicts statements by high local Catholic officials, including both Bishop Bernard J. Sheil and Archbishop Samuel A. Stritch, against jim-crowism. The Frances Cabrini Homes are located at 900 North Hudson street and have 586 dwelling units. Of this number, 117 are to be occupied by Negro families. Eighty-five are already housed in the project. Housing Officials Fair The 117 represent 20 per cent of the total number, which was the ratio in the community before clearance for the project was begun. It is the adherence to the Federal Housing authority's policy of maintaining the composition of a neighborhood in its allocation of low-income families that has aroused the ire of Father Luigi and his followers. Several petitions, threatening a wholesale withdrawal of white families from the project unless Negroes are immediately segregated or evicted, have failed to obtain a sufficient number of names to be considered representative. Further example of the extent to which race feeling has been fomented by outside influences is the report of Settlement house officials that colored children are restricted in their use of municipal parks in the neighborhood. Two of these, Seward Park and Stanton Park, permit Negro youngsters only after 7 o'clock in the evenings, admittedly an unfavorable time for young children to be starting their recreation. Waiting to cast their ballots for officers in the junior city government at the Frances Cabrini Housing project at 900 North Hudson street, these youngsters act as their own watchers at the vote booth, end table turned on end with a sheet tacked around it. A 14-year-old Negro boy, Charles Brown, 523 West Delaware street, was named mayor by the mixed voters, mostly white. - Chicago Times photo. SERVICE-JUSTICE SATURDAY THE Chicago Defender World's Greatest Weekly Founded May 6, 1905, by Robert S. Abbott, L.L.B. Published by THE ROBERT S. ABBOTT PUBLISHING CO. (Incorporated) 3435 Indiana Avenue CALumet 5656 ADVERTISING Communicate direct with Chicago Defender Office 3435 Indiana Avenue, Chicago TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION (Payable in advance)- One year $3.00: 6 months $1.75: foreign $3.50 per year Defender Platform For America AMERICAN RACE PREJUDICE MUST BE DESTROYED -ROBERT S. ABBOTT 2. The opening up of all trades and trade unions to blacks as well as whites. 3. Representation in the President's cabinet. 4. Engineers, firemen and conductors on all American railroads and government controlled industries. 5. Representation in all departments of the police forces over the entire United States. 6. Government schools open to all American citizens. 7. Motormen and conductors on surface, elevated and motor bus lines throughout America. 8. Federal legislation to abolish lynching. 9. Full enfranchisement of all American citizens. LABOR MOVES FORWARD The C.I.O. is coming forward as the foremost organization in the country in the fight for equality of job opportunity for Negroes. The stand taken by the Auto Workers union in Detroit around the battle to place Negroes in the Sojourner Truth government-built housing project is well-known. That the same union took a relentless stand against some backward white workers who sought to prevent Negro workers from securing skilled jobs in Detroit defense plants has not been sufficiently popularized. The refusal of the Electric, Radio and Machine C.I.O. group to hold their national convention in Indianapolis because of the jim-crow policy of the hotel managers is another forward step by this labor body to destroy jim-crowism and segregation. The undeviating fight of the National Maritime union to protect the rights of Negro seamen is an outstanding example of the role of labor. This fight against the color-bar in industry is the role labor should play. It is a splendid thing that organized labor is developing this struggle during the war period. Democracy is at stake. As labor advances to fight the battle of these victims of un-American practices, it fights the battle of human freedom against Hitler. Even the A.F.L. is moving somewhat. On the West Coast its mechanics have admitted Negro workers. Now comes C.I.O. President Philip Murray to appoint a C.I.O. committee "to investigate and study the entire problem of equality of opportunity for Negro workers in American industry." This committee can be a splendid aid to the Fair Employment Practices committee created by President Roosevelt. It is indeed a history forward move. James B. Cary and Willard S. Townsend, president of the United Transport Service Employees, better known as the "Redcaps," who constitute the committee have a grave responsibility. The investigation must be national in scope and thorough. The forces which are behind the fascist "League for White Supremacy" have to be ferreted out. This murderous clique, with Governors Dixon and Talmadge fronting for it, is responsible [for the difficulties of] tion, we say this is segregation. What else is it? Are we not transferring a jim-crow pattern to foreign soil when we confine Negro women to areas in which Negro doughboys are stationed? The Women's Army Auxiliary Corps is a new experiment which can well be divorced from the malodorous traditions of the Army. It can well serve to illustrate how true democracy works when leadership is entrusted in honest and competent hands. It is not too late to inspire confidence in the responsible heads of the new corps, if they have the courage to act in the interest of democracy, unity, not of the Negroes alone but of all freedom loving peoples who have a stake in the war. THE ENEMY WITHIN The press of a repressed and exploited people must be a press of protest. It is not necessary that it always be an opposition press but it must be a voice of protest. We don't oppose the Administration. This is not a partisan issue. It is a war issue. But we are unalterably opposed to those conditions which prevent our all-out struggle for democracy—and we protest. The protests of the press of an exploited people must be of a constructive character. It must not call solely for reforms, but as well for fundamental changes in the economic, political and social structure which will permanently correct the evils protested. In the period of a people's war for liberation and democracy this is particularly true. The Defender has watched with the utmost care and concern the development of the New Deal war program. It has from time to time criticized it and suggested remedial steps to be taken. On the whole it sees the Administration as extending the democratic rights of the Negro people. Yet it sees around the President, and even in his cabinet, forces who are obviously not for a fundamental change in the status of the Negro people of America let alone the colonial Negroes. A fundamental change must come. Democracy demands it. The development of our economic, political and cultural institutions demands it. Above all the victory program demands it. Under the status quo there can be no victory for democracy. Some departments of government continue to ignore this fact. The lessons of Singapore, Burma, Malaya and the whole of the East are hard to learn but they must be learned. Oppression will not inspire people to fight even though the fight is a just one. In a recent policy bulletin (Operations Bulletin C-45) the United States Employment Service announced its primary objective as providing "manpower necessary for maximum production in essential industry." It is clear that in the face of a growing manpower shortage, a central agency for securing the hands required is essential. The Employment Service added that "this objective requires full utilization of qualified labor in the war effort without regard to race, color, creed or national origin." This is in complete conformity with Order 8802 issued by President Roosevelt and meets the demands of a people's war. Then the Employment Service instructed its regional directors and field representatives to put this directive regarding race, color, creed or nationality into operation: "except when an employer includes those specifications which the employer is not willing to eliminate." So the employer can nullify and vitiate the President's order by merely stating his prejudices. This is dangerous in the extreme. This concerns Negroes, Catholics, Jews, foreign-born workers— everybody who wants victory. We demand the cancellation of this directive. We protest this damnable surrender AMERICAN RACE PREJUDICE MUST BE DESTROYED! -ROBERT S. ABBOTT 2. The opening up of all trades and trade unions to blacks as well as whites. 3. Representation in the President's cabinet. 4. Engineers, firemen and conductors on all American railroads and government controlled industries. 5. Representation in all departments of the police forces over the entire United States. 6. Government schools open to all American citizens. 7. Motormen and conductors on surface, elevated and motor bus lines throughout America. 8. Federal legislation to abolish lynching. 9. Full enfranchisement of all American citizens. LABOR MOVES FORWARD The C.I.O. is coming forward as the foremost organization in the country in the fight for equality of job opportunity for Negroes. The stand taken by the Auto Workers union in Detroit around the battle to place Negroes in the Sojourner Truth government-built housing project is well-known. That the same union took a relentless stand against some backward white workers who sought to prevent Negro workers from securing skilled jobs in Detroit defense plants has not been sufficiently popularized. The refusal of the Electric, Radio and Machine C.I.O. group to hold their national convention in Indianapolis because of the jim-crow policy of the hotel managers is another forward step by this labor body to destroy jim-crowism and segregation. The undeviating fight of the National Maritime union to protect the rights of Negro seamen is an outstanding example of the role of labor. This fight against the color-bar in industry is the role labor should play. It is a splendid thing that organized labor is developing this struggle during the war period. Democracy is at stake. As labor advances to fight the battle of these victims of un-American practices, it fights the battle of human freedom against Hitler. Even the A.F.L. is moving somewhat. On the West Coast its mechanics have admitted Negro workers. Now comes C.I.O. President Philip Murray to appoint a C.I.O. committee "to investigate and study the entire problem of equality of opportunity for Negro workers in American industry." This committee can be a splendid aid to the Fair Employment Practices committee created by President Roosevelt. It is indeed an historic forward move. James B. Carey and Willard S. Townsend, president of the United Transport Service Employees, better known as the "Redcaps," who constitute the committee have a grave responsibility. The investigation must be national in scope and thorough. The forces which are behind the fascist "League for White Supremacy" have to be ferreted out. This murderous clique, with Governors Dixon and Talmadge fronting for it, is responsible for the difficulties of war production in the South. It is moving forward to incite bloody racial clashes. Its traitorous purpose is clear. It is out for a Hitler victory. Let labor take it apart and see what makes it tick. Negro America must not only watch this C.I.O. committee, it must get behind it. The creation of the committee reflects labor's understanding of its war responsibilities. We can lose this war through the refusal of some industrialists who want to continue jim-crow as usual. They must be determinedly fought. We as a group of Negro Americans cannot win the battle for our human rights alone. In fact the whole system of jim-crow and segregation is the concern of every section of national unity. In particular it is the concern of labor whose stake in the war cannot be overestimated. The Defender welcomes the advance of labor on this front of democracy. _______________________________________________________________________________ DIRECTOR HOBBY EXPLAINS The statement issued last week by Mrs. Oveta C. Hobby, director of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, does not allay the fear that America's segregative policy is being systematically spread abroad. In explaining the decision to send Negro WAACs overseas, Mrs. Hobby stated that the stationing of Negro women in posts where there are American Negro troops is in accordance with the procedure being carried out in this country where Negro units ________________________________________________________________ THE ENEMY WITHIN The press of a repressed and exploited people must be a press of protest. It is not necessary that it always be an opposition press but it must be a voice of protest. We don't oppose the Administration. This is not a partisan issue. It is a war issue. But we are unalterably opposed to those conditions which prevent our all-out struggle for democracy—and we protest. The protests of the press of an exploited people must be of a constructive character. It must not call solely for reforms, but as well for fundamental changes in the economic, political and social structure which will permanently correct the evils protested. In the period of a people's war for liberation and democracy this is particularly true. The Defender has watched with the utmost care and concern the development of the New Deal war program. It has from time to time criticized it and suggested remedial steps to be taken. On the whole it sees the Administration as extending the democratic rights of the Negro people. Yet it sees around the President, and even in his cabinet, forces who are obviously not for a fundamental change in the status of the Negro people of America let alone the colonial Negroes. A fundamental change must come. Democracy demands it. The development of our economic, political and cultural institutions demands it. Above all the victory program demands it. Under the status quo there can be no victory for democracy. Some departments of government continue to ignore this fact. The lessons of Singapore, Burma, Malaya and the whole of the East are hard to learn but they must be learned. Oppression will not inspire people to fight even though the fight is a just one. In a recent policy bulletin (Operations Bulletin C-45) the United States Employment Service announced its primary objective as providing "manpower necessary for maximum production in essential industry." It is clear that in the face of a growing manpower shortage, a central agency for securing the hands required is essential. The Employment Service added that "this objective requires full utilization of qualified labor in the war effort without regard to race, color, creed or national origin." This is in complete conformity with Order 8802 issued by President Roosevelt and meets the demands of a people's war. Then the Employment Service instructed its regional directors and field representatives to put this directive regarding race, color, creed or nationality into operation: "except when an employer includes those specifications which the employer is not willing to eliminate." So the employer can nullify and vitiate the President's order by merely stating his prejudices. This is dangerous in the extreme. This concerns Negroes, Catholics, Jews, foreign-born workers— everybody who wants victory. We demand the cancellation of this directive. We protest this damnable surrender. There should be no exceptions to Order 8802. If plants can be seized for labor disputes they can certainly be seized for such a violation of democratic procedure which if persisted in can only lead to a break in national unity and possibly defeat. The persons responsible for such a directive must be removed. Now is not the time to place race-baiters or capitulators to race-baiting in office or to keep them there. President Roosevelt has been too slow in acting in this direction. Hesitancy only emboldens the enemy. Decisive action is needed today. Oust the race-hating, race-baiting, Hitler-like tools of the lynchers and poll taxers from office. This is the demand of Negro America. This is the demand of those elements in our national unity set-up who want to win the war. ____________________________________________________________________- OTHER PAPERS SAY— A NEW MIGRATION (From Afro-American) During World War No. 1, one million (the exact figure is 1,139, 505) colored people left their homes in the South and moved North. It was a tremendous migration, the like of which we had not seen before. In 10 years Detroit's population jumped 600 per cent. Cleveland's 8,000 colored people increased to 34,000. The best index of what happened in the ten-year period, 1910-1920, is the U.S. Census figures. They show that 65, 355 newcomers poured into Chicago; 60,000 into New York; 49,000 into Philadelphia, and 23,000 into Baltimore, until every section of the North and West was filled with migrants. The South became alarmed. The Southern Sociological Congress suggested increased foremost organization in the country in the fight for equality of job opportunity for Negroes. The stand taken by the Auto Workers union in Detroit around the battle to place Negroes in the Sojourner Truth government-built housing project is well-known. That the same union took a relentless stand against some backward white workers who sought to prevent Negro workers from securing skilled jobs in Detroit defense plants has not been sufficiently popularized. The refusal of the Electric, Radio and Machine C.I.O. group to hold their national convention in Indianapolis because of the jim-crow policy of the hotel managers is another forward step by this labor body to destroy jim-crowism and segregation. The undeviating fight of the National Maritime union to protect the rights of Negro seamen is an outstanding example of the role of labor. This fight against the color-bar in industry is the role labor should play. It is a splendid thing that organized labor is developing this struggle during the war period. Democracy is at stake. As labor advances to fight the battle of these victims of un-American practices, it fights the battle of human freedom against Hitler. Even the A.F.L. is moving somewhat. On the West Coast its mechanics have admitted Negro workers. Now comes C.I.O. President Philip Murray to appoint a C.I.O. committee "to investigate and study the entire problem of equality of opportunity for Negro workers in American industry." This committee can be a splendid aid to the Fair Employment Practices committee created by President Roosevelt. It is indeed a historic forward move. James B. Cary and Willard S. Townsend, president of the United Transport Service Employees, better known as the "Redcaps," who constitute the committee have a grave responsibility. The investigation must be national in scope and thorough. The forces which are behind the fascist "League for White Supremacy" have to be ferreted out. This murderous clique, with Governors Dixon and Talmadge fronting for it, is responsible for the difficulties of war production in the South. It is moving forward to incite bloody racial clashes. Its traitorous purpose is clear. It is out for a Hitler victory. Let labor take it apart and see what makes it tick. Negro America must not only watch this C.I.O. committee, it must get behind it. The creation of the committee reflects labor's understanding of its war responsibilities. We can lose this war through the refusal of some industrialists who want to continue jim-crow as usual. They must be determinedly fought. We as a group of Negro Americans cannot win the battle for our human rights alone. In fact the whole system of jim-crow and segregation is the concern of every section of national unity. In particular it is the concern of labor whose stake in the war cannot be overestimated. The Defender welcomes the advance of labor on this front of democracy. _____________________________________________________________________ DIRECTOR HOBBY EXPLAINS The statement issued last week by Mrs. Oveta C. Hobby, director of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, does not allay the fear that America's segregative policy is being systematically spread abroad. In explaining the decision to send Negro WAACs overseas, Mrs. Hobby stated that the stationing of Negro women in posts where there are American Negro troops is in accordance with the procedure being carried out in this country where Negro units of the WAACs are being stationed where the predominant population consists of Negro soldiers. However naive may be this explanation [?] of the New Deal war program. It has from time to time criticized it and suggested remedial steps to be taken. On the whole it sees the Administration as extending the democratic rights of the Negro people. Yet it sees around the President, and even in his cabinet, forces who are obviously not for a fundamental change in the status of the Negro people of America let alone the colonial Negroes. A fundamental change must come. Democracy demands it. The development of our economic, political and cultural institutions demands it. Above all the victory program demands it. Under the status quo there can be no victory for democracy. Some departments of government continue to ignore this fact. The lessons of Singapore, Burma, Malaya and the whole of the East are hard to learn but they must be learned. Oppression will not inspire people to fight even though the fight is a just one. In a recent policy bulletin (Operations Bulletin C-45) the United States Employment Service announced its primary objective as providing "manpower necessary for maximum production in essential industry." It is clear that in the face of a growing manpower shortage, a central agency for securing the hands required is essential. The Employment Service added that "this objective requires full utilization of qualified labor in the war effort without regard to race, color, creed or national origin." This is in complete conformity with Order 8802 issued by President Roosevelt and meets the demands of a people's war. Then the Employment Service instructed its regional directors and field representatives to put this directive regarding race, color, creed or nationality into operation: "except when an employer includes those specifications which the employer is not willing to eliminate." So the employer can nullify and vitiate the President's order by merely stating his prejudices. This is dangerous in the extreme. This concerns Negroes, Catholics, Jews, foreign-born workers— everybody who wants victory. We demand the cancellation of this directive. We protest this damnable surrender. There should be no exceptions to Order 8802. If plants can be seized for labor disputes they can certainly be seized for such a violation of democratic procedure which if persisted in can only lead to a break in national unity and possibly defeat. The persons responsible for such a directive must be removed. Now is not the time to place race-baiters or capitulators to race-baiting in office or to keep them there. President Roosevelt has been too slow in acting in this direction. Hesitancy only emboldens the enemy. Decisive action is needed today. Oust the race-hating, race-baiting, Hitler-like tools of the lynchers and poll taxers from office. This is the demand of those elements in our national unity set-up who want to win the war. ___________________________________________________________________________ OTHER PAPERS SAY— A NEW MIGRATION (From Afro-American) During World War No. 1, one million (the exact figure is 1,139, 505) colored people left their homes in the South and moved North. It was a tremendous migration, the like of which we had not seen before. In 10 years Detroit's population jumped 600 per cent. Cleveland's 8,000 colored people increased to 34,000. The best index of what happened in the ten-year period, 1910-1920, is the U.S. Census figures. They show that 65, 355 newcomers poured into Chicago; 60,000 into New York; 49,000 into Philadelphia, and 23,000 into Baltimore, until every section of the North and West was filled with migrants. The South became alarmed. The Southern Sociological Congress suggested increased wages and better schools as one means of keeping colored workers at home. Indirectly, the congress suggested too, that big landowners stop cheating the sharecroppers. THE WASHINGTON POST Registered in U.S. Patent Office. An INdependent Newspaper (Published every day in the year.) Eugene Meyer, Editor and Publisher The Associated Press is entitled exclusively to use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and local news of spontaneous origin published herein. Rights of republication of all other matter herein are also reserved. New York Office.......................720 Madison Avenue Chicago Office..............360 North Michigan Avenue CARRIER DELIVERY District of Columbia and Suburbs. 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Monday, October 15, 1945 D.A.R. BAN The D.A.R. ban on the hiring of Constitution Hall by Negro artists is misguided and unreasonable, in our opinion, but it is not an isolated instance of discrimination. It is rather a typical case of the sort of exclusionist policies to be found throughout this country, sometimes openly advertised, sometimes skillfully concealed. The fact that the D.A.R. is a patriotic organization with many outstanding public services to its credit, is merely an indication of how far the American people fall short of giving practical effect to the democratic ideals in which they profess belief. For of one thing we may be sure: when the force of public opinion is overwhelmingly mobilized against practices that discriminate against citizens on racial or religious grounds, local organizations as a rule bow to the community will. The D.A.R. did so when it permitted Marian Anderson to give a concert in Constitution Hall. The suggestion that the D.A.R. should be boycotted by members who disapprove its policy, as does Mrs. Truman, seems to us ill-advised. For illiberal organizations simply become confirmed in their way of thinking by the withdrawal of liberal-minded members whose influence may help to bring about a change of heart. Reforms engineered from within are likely to be much more genuine and lasting than those forced from without. The further suggestion that the D.A.R. should be penalized by withdrawal of the tax exemption privileges it now enjoys raises a question deserving careful study. But it is a question presenting many complications and one that concerns countless other private organizations enjoying tax-exemption privileges. Many organizations set up to serve particular racial or religious groups by their very nature make distinctions based on racial and religious differences. Countless other organizations supposedly offering facilities for education, entertainment or recreation without regard to race, color or religion find means of evading their liberal professions. Hence, if the privilege of tax exemption for institutions performing public services were to be made contingent upon avoidance of any form of discrimination, some far-reaching changes in community tax systems would be necessary. Changes may be desirable but if so, they should be based upon some rational method of procedure, not introduced in the form of penalties in piecemeal fashion. We conclude, therefore, that the President and Mrs. Truman have shown good judgment in taking a stand against this shabby D.A.R. policy without calling names and without proposing boycotts or penalties. The President's unequivocal repudiation of racial discrimination is couched in strong language. We heartily indorse it. This public rebuke to the misguided members of the D.A.R. who have been false to the ideals of their organization is a blow struck for the principles of democracy that will be much more effective than extremist measures. Marine Corps Reserve. Catholics Flay DAR Hall Ban Of Hazel Scott The Committee of Catholics for Human Rights and the Washington Citizens' Committee on Race Relations yesterday protested the DAR's ban on Miss Hazel Scott, Negro singer, from concert appearances at Constitution Hall. The Catholic body, with headquarters in New York City urged Catholic DAR members to resign their membership in protest against the DAR's action. Prominent names on the Catholic organization's honorary and executive boards include CIO President Philip Murray; Supreme Court Justice Frank Murphy; Archbishop Robert E. Lucey, of San Antonio, Tex.; Frank J. Lausche, Ohio Governor; Senator James Murray, of Montana, and others. The body has concentrated on fighting anti-Semitism, anti-Catholicism and anti-Negro prejudices. The Catholic group wired Mrs. Harry S. Truman, urging her to resign from DAR "because of its undemocratic, ungodly policy of race discrimination." A letter went to Mrs. Thomas Harrison, president of the National Council of Catholic Women, asking her group to "publicly denounce" the Hazel Scott ban. The Citizens' Committee on Race Relations issued a statement expressing "profound regret" at the DAR's action in barring Miss Scott. "We feel that this action is not consistent with the patriotic principles of the DAR and believe it has keenly disappointed all workers for an increased practice of democracy in the District of Columbia and throughout the country," the statement declared, and added: "We are furthermore persuaded that such discriminatory decisions as the DAR has just made, contributes to tension and division among our citizens." BARNABY Mr. O'Malley, my Fairy Godfather, is ha a party Saturday at Aunt Minerva's, Jan I can't go. Tha new Captain comes out at [* Oct 17 -45 *] Catholic Committee Urges Probe of DAR Over Hazel Scott Ban Protests continued today against the refusal of the Daughters of the American Revolution to allow Hazel Scott, colored pianist, to hold a concert in Constitution Hall. The Committee of Catholics for Human Rights telegraphed Chairman Wood of the House Committee on Un-American Activities: "Urge immediate investigation of un-American, discriminatory policy and activities of DAR." The Washington CIO Labor Canteen sent an open letter to Mrs. Truman saying, "the logical result of your continued association with the DAR can only serve to strengthen their Hitler-like policy." DAR Chapter to Vote Again. The Citizens' Committee on Race Relations last night passed a resolution "that such a discriminatory decision contributes to tension and division among our citizens." In the Connecticut congressional district of Representative Clare Boothe Luce, who said she would resign from the DAR if her Putnam Hill Chapter failed to protest, the Stamford Chapter voted down a protest resolution and then decided to vote again on it November 20. The Putnam Hill Chapter will vote on the issue November 1.. The New Jersey State Industrial Union Council (CIO), at Newark, N. J., urged Congress to revoke the national charter of the DAR and remove the tax exemption on Constitution Hall. The dispute provoked a sharp exchange on the House floor yesterday. Defends Mrs. Truman. It involved the sharp-tongued exponent of the South, Representative Rankin, Democrat, of Mississippi and a New Deal Democrat, Representative Coffee of Washington, who, incidentally, is in charge of the annual District supply bills. "We have come to a terrible pass," said Mr. Rankin, "when a member of this House refers to Mrs. Truman as 'the last lady of the land.' "Mrs. Truman is one of the finest women who ever graced the White House, and to all decent, patriotic Americans she is the First Lady of the Land," said Mr. Rankin. Mr. Coffee, in response, said "We should set an example of tolerance here in the Nation's Capital. That is what we fought the war for - to put an end to racial prejudice and bigotry." In St. Louis, 11 Negroes picketed the hotel in which a DAR luncheon meeting was being held, with Mrs. Julius Y. Talmadge of Washington, national president, as guest of honor. The picket line consisted of members of the St. Louis branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. [* Oct 16-45 *] Tibbett, Here for Concert, Hits DAR's Ban on Hazel Scott Calls It 'Dangerous Precedent' Contrary 'To Real Americanism' Lawrence Tibbett, who will sing tonight in the DAR's Constitution Hall, considers the denial of the same privilege to Hazel Scott, colored singer, "not at all just and contrary to real Americanism." The famous singer explained that he was going through with arrangements for his concert there at 8:30 p.m. only because it is "The first class concert hall in Washington." He added that the ban on Negroes set a "dangerous precedent." Miss Scott is the wife of Representative Powell, Democrat, of New York. President Truman condemned the denial of the hall to her as racial discrimination. "I agree with our President," Mr. Tibbett said. "As an artist, I admire talent, no matter what the color. I am happy to be a great admirer of Hazel Scott." With that off his expansive chest, Mr. Tibbett's press conference in the Lawrence Tibbett suite at the Raleigh Hotel turned to a comparison of popular versus classical music, Bing Crosby versus Frankie Sinatra, and his three sons in the Army. Mr. Tibbett has three sons of his own and two step-sons. The Tibbetts will have a family reunion when the fleet arrives in New York. First Lt. John Tibbett pilot of a B-25, is on his way back with it after two years in the Pacific. Corpl. Larry Tibbett, jr.., 25 just got home from Guam. Larry's twin brother, 1st Lt. Richard Tibbett, however, is on his way to the Philippines. Then there is Peter 16, and Michael, 12. LAWRENCE TIBBETT, Arriving at National Airport yesterday. RELIABLE F YOUTHS HIT JIM CROW IN NOVEL MANNER Illinois Church League Protests Directly To All Public Places [* Our Own Youth *] DECATUR, Ill. - Citizens here of both races, were outspoken this week in praise of the recent action taken by the Young People's League of the First Congregational church in this city. The Rev. John Alfred Nansen is minister of the church. Adopting a resolution against segregation and jim crowism, the league sent copies to the managers of all local theatres, cafes, hotels and other churches. In its effort to combat prejudice, the league won praise for not sending the resolution to the state legislature seeking passage of a new law or demanding enforcement of existing laws. Hit the Target Instead the young people aimed directly at the target and sent their resolution to the persons and places generally involved in cases of racial discrimination. It was generally believed here that the young people's method of handling the matter will result in an improvement in race relations and forestall future incidents prompted by prejudice. The resolution follows: "Be it resolved herewith that we, the Young People's League of the First Congregational church of Decatur, declare our opposition to every kind of discrimination practiced in Decatur against any segment of our population on the basis of race or color. "Particularly do we protest the exclusion of Negroes and other racial groups from the accommodations of our hotels, service in our restaurants, and their segregation to special sections of our theatres. "We urge that they be granted right to membership in the locals of the labor organizations and accorded equality of opportunity for work and advancement with our white population. "We challenge the people of Decatur to practice the equality guar- anteed by our Constitution to all American citizens, in the interest of that brotherhood which is the foundation of all true democracy." N.Y. Newspapers To Ban Jim Crow Vacation Ads NEW YORK--An item in a hotel trade publication this week revealed that metropolitan newspapers would no longer accept discriminating advertisements. The N.A.A.C.P. said the new policy should help in forestalling the "hate season" so labelled by the newspaper PM last year when that paper launched a campaign against the printing of newspapers of sesort and hotel advertisements in which the words "restricted" and "select clientele" were used. The story in "Travel Items" warned: "New York newspapers will no longer accept advertising from hotels and resorts with such words and terms as 'restricted,' 'select clientele' or 'exclusive.' In other words no advertisement can show prejudice toward race, color, or creed. "The newspapers acted on orders from the District Attorney's office of New York County which warned accepting such advertising was a violation of Chapter 40 of the new York State Civil Rights Law and the penalty was a fine up to $500 or up to 90 days imprisonment or both. The District Attorney informed newspapers that immediate action will be taken against all violations." in the show at Uline Arena, but ing put." [*Star Oct. 16 46*] Dewey Favors Tour Of Colored Singers, 'Including DAR Halls' By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, Oct. 16.--Gov. Thomas E. Dewey told a New York State colored Baptist convention last night that he would like to take members of a large chorus that sang at the meeting on a Nation-wide tour, including "DAR halls." The 1944 Republican presidential candidate said: "Most of all I'd like to take them to DAR Halls. A great many people might discover that the American Revolution was fought for the democratic principle that all men are created equal." Hazel Scott, colored pianist, recently was barred from appearing in the Daughters of American Revolution Constitution Hall in Washington. Greenwich Chapter Plans To Take Action November 1 By the Associated Press. GREENWICH, Conn., Oct. 16.-- Representative Clare Boothe Luce's call for a resolution protesting action of the Washington Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in denying use of Constitution Hall to Hazel Scott, colored pianist, is to be submitted to the membership of Putnam Hill Chapter at a closed meeting here November 1. Mrs. Henry M. Brooks of Greenwich, acting regent of the chapter, said today she had wired Mrs. Luce assurance that the issue would be considered. Acting as a member of the chapter, Mrs. Luce had notified Mrs. ' Brooks that "if no such resolution can be drafted by our chapter, I shall, of course, be forced to resign from the DAR." In calling on the Greenwich Chapter "to draft a resolution so that every American will know where our members stand on this question of racial discrimination as practiced by the Washington DAR," Mrs. Luce urged "the many, many Daughters of the American Revolution throughout America who feel as we do about this matter to make the same request immediately of their local chapters." en Making a Special Study of Movement. s of public-spirited citizens com- ed of white men and black men, are eting together and taking up these stions. One result is that there is being med a public opinion friendly to the cation of the negro, not only in the mary schools, but an impression is adily growing that leaders must be ned and that, therefore, while the ger proportion should be taught agri- ural and trade pursuits, it is essen- also that they must have thoroughly pped ministers and doctors as well teachers. Schools such as Fisk and anta University are now receiving approval of Southern white men ch hitherto as accorded only to kegee and Hampton. While in the long run this labor mi- tion will do good, at the present time producing a situation which in some es is very acute. Farmers who have ted their crops of corn, sweet po- oes and wheat are facing the pos- lity of being unable, because of or scarcity, to harvest them--a pe- larly critical condition with which to confronted at this time of widespread iety about food. rea y be seen, therefore, that gration affects the relative in negroes and whites in the South in of the latter race." Thirteen years ago Dr. Booker T. Washington called the attention of the South to the causes which were responsible for the negroes leaving the farms and moving to the cities of the North, which Dr. Schieffelin quoted in part as follows: To return to the main complaints of the colored people as they have stated them to me time and time again--these people who have talked may be right, they may be wrong, they may state facts, or they may state untruths, but this I know, they represent the attitude of a large class of colored people, who give the following as chief reasons for leaving the farms: Poor dwellings, loss of earnings each year because of unscrupulous employers, high-priced provisions, poor schoolhouses, short school terms, poor school teachers, bad treatment generally, lynchings and whitecapping, fear of the practice of peonage, a general lack of police protection, and want of encouragement. In a few counties of several of our Southern States there has been such a reign of lawlessness led by whitecappers and lynchers that many of the best colored people have been driven from their homes and have sought in large cities safety and police protection. "There are many who believe that if Dr. Washington's warning had been heeded no amount of industrial opportunities suddenly opened to them would have induced the negro to leave the South in such large numbers as they are now doing," continued Dr. Schieffelin. Asked whether he heard much talk of recruiting among the negroes during his trip, Dr. Schieffelin said: "Quite a lot. And I should like to read a paragraph from a patriotic address delivered recently by Roscoe C. Simmons, a nephew of Booker T. Washington." This is what he read: We have a record to defend, but no treason, thank God, to atone or explain. No negro has ever insulted the flag. No negro ever struck down a President of these United States. No negro ever sold a military map or secret to a foreign Government. No negro ever ran under fire or lost an opportunity to serve, to fight, to bleed, or to die in the Republic's cause. We have but one country and one flag--the flag that set us free. "I think that is a fine and true thing," said Dr. Schieffelin. The DuSable CHICAGO'S FINEST The Home Of Distinguished Guests' 200 MODERN Outside Rooms, With Shower and Tub Baths WORLD FAmous Cocktail, Lounge, Bar & Dining Room. ORCHESTRA 764 E. OAKWOOD BLVD. Chicago, Ill. at Drexel EDGAR E. FLAGG, Manager Telephone Drexel 5220 Write or Telephone for Reservations Patronize Our Advertisers Workers to the North Leaving South with a Scant [?]ntry's Economic Balance to the foreigner — he prefers to in the North and West. A labor- [?]an today is more valuable than he [d]uring slavery. A good hand could be hired for $150 a year and his he certainly produces more [?]hat now, and every child that falls [?]w into strong manhood simply be- of neglect is robbing the South of much productive energy. [s]erious as is this question of migra[tion] of the Southern segro laborers — [e]xodus occasioned by the war — the [?] Is going to prove a blessing to white people as well as to the black [?]t it is bound to bring about a bet[ter] understanding, better treatment, bet[ter] [li]ving conditions, and better schools. [?]arious parts of the South commit- "The negro is not economically fitted to be a city dweller. His impulsive nature, for one thing, unfits him to meet the excitement and strain of city life. Rural life, in the region where crops are now threatened because of his absence, is much more conductive to his welfare, all physical and moral. "Dr. Haven Emerson, New York Health Commissioner, pointed out a few days ago that the high percentage of deaths from tuberculosis among negroes is due to overcrowding and also to the rigors of the Northern climate, and that the situation is causing grave concern to the New York Department of health. He expressed the hope that improved tenement houses for negroes would be multiplied, and also that increased support would be given to the hospitals and institutions devoted to the care of the negroes and their children, such as the Howard Orphan Asylum on Long Island, where negro orphans are placed on a farm in well-built cottages and receive training similar to that at Hampton. They are conducting a campaign at this time to raise $100,000, and this money will be used not only to improve the health of the negroes in the North, but to train them in agricultural pursuits, and, at the same time, have them add to the food supply of the country. "A striking feature of most of the discussion of desertion of the South by Negroes is the absence of statements about migrations in the past. In 1890 there were 241,000 Southern-born negroes living in other than Southern States, and in 1900 there were 349,000. The total negro population in other than Southern States was, in 1900, 911,025, and in 1910 it was 1,078,804. The number of Northern negroes goi[?] during the decade was only 2,10[?] [?] June 3, 1917 Harmful Rush of Negro Dr. Schieffelin Tells How They Are Labor Supply and Upsetting the C[?] The negro question is fast becoming a national question. The number of negroes leaving the South is increasing. For several years there has been a steady flow to the North, but the war has resulted in the movement of Negro laborers in such large numbers during the last few months as to cause serious concern. In sections of the South the situation is almost critical. Southern farmers are facing losses due to probable failure to gather crops, while in some of the cities of the North the negro quarters have become sufficiently overcrowded to increase the mortality rate. Larger wages furnish the chief incentive to negroes to move north, especially to the industries affected by the war. Dr. William J Schieffelin of this city, who has been interested in the negro question for about thirty years, returned a few days ago from a trip through North Carolina and Virginia, where he discussed with representative white and black men the various aspects of the increasing migration of able-bodied laborers. Negroes who cannot make more than $2 a day in the South get promises of $3 and $4 from agents of northern industrial concerns. The laborer does not stop to realize that it costs more to live in the north and that his income will amount to not more, perhaps, then 50 cents a day extra, when all is bought and paid for. Train loads of ambitious colored men are traveling out of Dixie two Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis. The fact that there is also a steady return to the South of negroes who have become sick, and who tell their friends that all that glitters above That a far greater respect should be shown their womanhood." Dr. Schieffelin said the last point was treated with much power by Dr. Weatherford in his book, "Present Forces in Negro Progress." "Dr. Weatherford is a Southern man," continued Dr. Schieffelin, "educated in the South, and now living and working in that section, where he has a chance to know the negro as he is. It is his opinion that the greatest economic need of the present South is an intelligent and able-bodied laboring class. The South has the wealth of soil, the abundance of timber, and mineral resources beyond reasonable measure. These cannot be developed without efficient labor, and lack of this is the cause of its backward- Appeal settle ing m was d then board Van to gr[?] cause that "S[?] tion this resul[?] The in th[?] ter u[?] ter [?] In v{?] The Mason and Dixon line is not gold, does not greatly affect the problem now confronting Southern agricultural and businessmen. Their influence is small against the $4 sign. Those Southern negro schools that have taught the desirability of students owning homes have says Dr. Schieffelin, gone straight to the heart of the present problem by having anchored a certain number of negroes to the soil. The negroes who own homes or property our not deserting them for an ephemeral increase in wages. "Two-thirds of the pull northward is due to the economic advantage of the move," said Dr. Schieffelin, "although it cannot be denied that the negroes feel they obtain better treatment in the North in other respects. For one thing, many negroes are impressed with the fact that in the North the same standard of education exists for black and white. There are parts of the South, notably in Georgia, where the negroes want to leave on account of the bad treatment they have received. While the number of places were colored people living genuine fear for their lives is limited, nevertheless the possibility of lynching is too often before their minds and they believe that the same standard of justice is not applied to the negroes as to the whites. "The white people are becoming alive to this fact. Leading newspapers are printing articles that plead for a better treatment of the negro and better community feeling, and which point out how really dependent the white people are upon the negro in almost every way. "The subject has become one of special study on the part of students in Southern universities and colleges, and the two white student secretaries of the international Y. M. C. A., Dr. Weatherford and Mr. Trawick, have given many lectures on the race question in the South. As a result, hundreds of the young Southern white men have been studying the living conditions, including sanitation and health as well as training, of the colored population, and have come to the conclusion that they should be given better opportunities and encouraged to have homes of their own, and [*photo caption*] Dr. William J. Schieffelin, who has B [?] the Negro Labor ness at the present time. No one can go to the agricultural sections today and not hear the cry of scarcity of labor. "The normal, healthy growth of the negro population is, therefore, a thing devoutly to be wished. Many of the students of whom I spoke a moment ago have made surveys in their own neighborhoods and have found much encouragement in the progress that is being made by the negroes themselves in these directions. For it cannot be denied that there is a growing sentiment of race pride of the best sort and that, as the negroes grow prosperous and own their qwn homes, they put a value on character and virtue and a better family life. Of course other conditions are disclosed that prove that when the negroes are left to themselves in poverty, the housing conditions and mode of living become a menace to the health of the community as well as to its morals. "The one wholesome and safe place for the mass of negroes is in the country and on the farms. The South cannot prosper without the negro's services, because it cannot hope for a large addition of foreign labor in the near future. Conditions in the South do not seem to Washington Eagle Oct 18 1929 COURT BARS ALL NEGROES FROM STRIKERS TRIAL CHARLOTTE, N.C. - The labor jury, of ten white and two Negro workers, sent by the Cleveland Trade Union Unity Convention to observe the Gastonia case trial of seven members of the National Textile Workers Union and render a verdict to the working class, was thrown out of the court room. Just before the court convened the twelve workers entered and took seats together. The court attendant immediately told the Negro members of the jury, Charles Frank and Solomon Harper, members of the New York branch of the American Negro Labor Congress, that they would have to go up in the balcony as Negroes were not permitted to sit with whites. The whole labor jury arose in a body as a protest against this racial discrimination and started to the balcony. This gesture of working-class solidarity alarmed the southern judge and before the jury could get to the balcony a second attendant rushed up to tell them that the judge had decided that for this trial no Negroes would be allowed in the court room at all, neither downstairs nor in the balcony. When the white workers on this labor jury protested against this, the court threatened them all with arrest and drove them out. This afternoon the labor jury returned to the court and marched in a body to the balcony, where they were permitted to remain unmolested. 1-20-23 Drawing Color Line, Harvard, President Arouses Graduates _____________________ Refused School Residence To Son of Former Graduate ________________ Roscoe Conkling Bruce Class Orator, 1902, Told His Son Could Not Have Room in Freshman Halls __________________ Pres. Lowell Says Races Are Not To Be Allowed Together _________________ Former President and Prominent Alumni Take Issue With Action, Declaring It Is Violation of Harvard's Most Precious Traditions __________________ If President A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard University is to have his way, that great institution of learning, which has always stood as a representative of the rights of mankind, without regard to race, color, creed or condition, will in future extend its welcome to members of other races than the Negro. This was brought out in plain, definite manner when President Lowell wrote Roscoe Conkling Bruce, an honor graduate of Harvard, son of the late Senator Blanch Kelso Bruce of Mississippi, who was also a former Register of the United States Treasury, that Roscoe Conkling Bruce's son could not be accepted as a resident in the Freshman Halls, even though residence in that building for students is compulsory. Mr. Bruce, who graduated in 1902 from Harvard, distinguished in his studies, a Phi Beta Kappa man, and class orator, had applied to the Registrar of Harvard to make reservation in Freshman Halls for his son, who is preparing for Harvard at Phillips Exeter. Young Bruce will be ready to enter either in 1925 or 1926, and understanding that it is necessary to reserve rooms far in advance in freshman dormitories, which were not in existence at the time __________________ [?], may not the policy of exclusion have the curious effect of promoting that very amalgamation of races which the white North vies with the white South in affecting to dread? It is a thing, may I add in all candor, which all self-respecting Americans of color do not desire. And, be assured, no son of mine will ever deny his name or his blood or his tradition. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., WEDNESDAY, MAY 6 1925. RACE SEGREGATION ISSUE RENDS QUINQENNIAL DELEGATES HERE Not Intended, Head of Women's Council Declares. Lack of Room at White House Luncheon Starts Dissension - Many Pay $100 But Get No Seats. (continued from first page) matter will be fought out in the council itself. "Attempts have been made to give the impression that our jubilee singers acted on the spur of the moment when they refused to appear last night. Due warning was given by this organization a week ago that this was exactly what would happen if there was any attempt at segregation." Mrs. Glenn Swiggett of the hospitality committee and uncharge of the pageant to be given at the Auditorium Saturday night said that the issue of colored segregation had been discussed more than a week ago and that a definite stand had been taken against it. It was evidently a misunderstanding of orders which was responsible for the allotting of a separate block of mezzanine seats last [???] [??] Sellers. [??]rth Moore, president [??] Council, said that [??] Mrs. Berthune a written agreement that there would be no segregation, but that evidently those in charge of selling the tickets had taken for granted that the customary rules of Washington theaters would be complied with. About the auditorium this morning there was a distinct division of opinion. The foreign delegates were, on the whole, rather angry over the incident. Among the most indignant was Mrs. Henry Villard of New York, daughter of William Lloyd Garrison, the famous emancipator. "I did not think such an incident could happen before such an organization as this," said Mrs. Villard. "Here is one of the great organization in the world which stands for absolute freedom from all prejudices which go to separate peoples and disturb the peace of nations. Yet we have this insult thrown at a great group of our people. "I do not blame the colored delegates for being angry. It is disgusting. I am very disappointed indeed in the failure of women to make any definite progress toward bringing about peace among men." The American Federation of Colored Women today appointed this committee to draft a set of resolutions which would express their exact stand on the matter: Mrs. Berthune, Mrs. Addie Huntoon of New York, Mrs. Estelle R. Davis of Ohio, Mrs. M. C. Lawton of New York, Mrs. Terrell and Miss Nannie Burroughs of Washington. Not Room for All. "If some foreign delegates come down from New York on the 1 o'clock train it will absolutely throw out all these patrons. There seems no other way out of it. The White House was very generous in its allotment of invitations, but a line must be drawn somewhere. All visitors and all heads of national organizations which comprise [?] who are not delegates cannot attend. That is the same with other social functions scheduled for the quinquennial where there is not room for all. "I understand there was some protest on the part of the American women because they were not invited to the tea given Monday by Mrs. John B. Henderson. That was given entirely for foreign women. It is true that the invitations were arranged through the committee here, but only because there was no other way to get in touch with the delegates on time." At the meeting of the international executive board this morning the name of Miss Elsa Hanbro of Norway was added to the list of nominations for corresponding secretary. The name of Miss Grace Abbott was withdrawn as convener of the committee on public health, and Lady Aberdeen will serve in this capacity during the present convention. Frau Dr. Gertrude Baumer, a member of the German Reichstag, withdrew as vice convener of the committee on education on the plea that her duties as a lawmaker prevented her from serving in any other capacity. Mrs. N. M. Potts of the National Patriotic council today issued a reply to charges made Monday by Dr. Milton Fairchild to the effect that the council had been made the tool of Communist agents in its insinuations of objectionable pacifism and internationalism against the International Council. She calls upon Dr. Fairchild to name the agents. "No patriotic American woman," said Mrs. Potts, "will subscribe to the resolutions on armament and disarmament contained in the agenda. The stand that the patriotic women of this country have taken on such matters as these disarmament resolutions was clearly demonstrated last Spring, when they organized in every State and community to counteract the efforts of the international convention of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. The propaganda of this organization, was no more drastic than that printed in the official agenda of the International Council of Women." Equal Pay for Teachers. At executive meetings yesterday the international committees on education, trades and professions and public health redrafted the resolutions which will be presented on the floor of the council. The education committee, of which Prof. Marian P. Whitney of Vassar College is convener, adopted for consideration a comprehensive program touching upon co-education, continuation schools for children from 14 to 18 years old, self-government in schools, esthetic and moral training of children, kindness to animals, higher education for girls, adult education outside universities, teaching of sex hygiene, training of girls in citizenship, teaching of international ideals, community use of school buildings and university courses dealing with responsibilities of women. The council already is on record for equal pay for equal work in the teaching profession the teaching in elementary schools of simple biological facts regarding sex and morality and instruction regarding the League of Nations. The last resolution, however, does not apply to the American, German or Mexican councils, whose countries are not members of the league. A proposal to urge on the council the use of some international language was tabled as being too difficult to put in operation. Ride in "Black Maria." The trades and professions committee decided to present to the council resolutions calling for equal pay for equal work, with occupation rather than sex the basis of remuneration, and demanding equal rights and opportunities for women within the various employments. Members of this committee were invited by Mrs. Mina Van Winkle of the Metropolitan Police Department to inspect the House of Detention and the Woman's Bureau offices. Patrol wagons were furnished to take them to and fro, and this led to a report at one time that some of the delegates had been arrested. The committee on public health reported a gratifying decrease in the tuberculosis death rate throughout the world, but that no perceptible progress had been made in reducing the maternity death rate since the last convention. The first open meeting of the council will be called to order in the auditorium at 2 p.m. today. The procedure of the quinquennial to date has resulted in considerable confusion due to the fact that, while the council actually convened at the welcome meeting Monday night, all meetings before this afternoon have been merely preliminaries and [?] before a convention procedure is due to of delegates, making it impossible for them to reach any conclusion before coming to Washington. Banner Presentation. At the first session today Fru Anna Backer of Norway, international secretary, will present to the council a silk banner. The silk used in its manufacture was the gift of the affiliated councils and of former Premier Herriot of France when he was mayor of the great silk-producing City of Lyon. The embroidery was done in Norway. On the banner are embroidered the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, with a bright sun shedding its beams over the world. Below these figures the golden rule is embroidered in Latin. The international council has been without a banner since 1914, when the one in use was lost in the confusion of the outbreak of the war on its way from Rome to the home of Lady Aberdeen in Scotland. SPECIAL FEATURES NOTED. All-American Concert Program Included Indian Ceremonial Number. The musical program was so late in starting that it was quite long enough as given. The unique feature, and one that seemed to especially intrigue Lord and Lady Aberdeen, who watched it from a front box, was the group of songs and dances given by 10 Sioux chiefs, who appeared in all the glory of war paint and feathered headdresses. The music of their ceremonial songs, with its undercurrent of monotonous chanting, and its odd nuances and harmonies, was not unlike Oriental music. Ceremonial Son Given. The first ceremonial song seemed to end in a good imitation as heard from an middle of the night. The dances showed strong influence on the present "collegiate" steps in the manner in which the chiefs shuffled their bodies about and slapped their feet upon the floor. The old-fashioned shimmy was not absent, either, and proved especially ludicrous when done in a costume that had as its outstanding feature a huge bunch of colored feathers hung from the belt line down the back. The Pine Ridge dancers seemed especially talented and possessed of a sense of humor. Marine Band's Contribution. The United States Marine Band Orchestra, under Capt. Santelmann, concluded this part of the program by playing the remarkable and vivd tone poem, "Indians of America," written by Musician Siegfried Scharbau of the orchestra, and Lieurance's "By the Waters of Minnetonka." Desiree Lubovska and a corps of pretty young dancers gave a quaint "Dance fantasy of 1860," which included some of the old square dances and a cakewalk to the inspiring strains of "Dixie," accompanied by thundering applause from the audience. Mrs. Wayne B. Wheeler closed this group by singing "The Battle Hymn of the Republic," with the audience joining in on the chorus. American Composers Represented. Capt. Santelmann's orchestra then played a group of well known works by American composers. They included Ethelbert Nevin's "Oh, That We Two Were Maying"; Densmore's "The Voice and the Flute," given by Velma Sutton, soprano; Clayton Lindsay, flutist, and Herbert Erisman, pianist, with applause for both singer and flutist, and an encore by the singer, giving Cadman's "Land of the Sky-blue Water"; Edgar Stillman Kelley's fascinating Chinese episode, "Lady Picking Mulberries"; "Scotch Poem," by Edward MacDowell, and Henry Hadley's colorful "In Bohemia," with "The Star Spangled Banner" as the finale. It is estimated that the United States will have more than 19,000,000 autos next year. Coal Prices to Advance Recent increases in the cost of Anthracite at the Mines necessitates a revision of our prices. Accordingly we announce that on May 15 we will make substantial increases on all sizes of Anthracite sold by us. Orders placed before that date will be delivered later in May at present prices. Don't forget the likelihood of a cessation of mining August 13. Insure your future comfort. Buy your Coal NOW. J. Maury Dove Company Principal Office, 1625 H Street N. W. Private Branch Eschange Main 4270 WASHINGTON AFRO AMERICAN CAPITAL EDITION [?]istered [?]merican Co. Entered as Second Class Matter Post Office Washington, D.C. [?]NGTON, D.C., JANUARY 28, 1950 10c IN WASHINGTON; 12c ELSEWHERE Strong Arm' Squad [?]shippers From Church Ordered to Sit in Rear Seats Old Parishioners Threatened at Door BROKE CUSTOM Priest Seeks Solution in "Justice, Fairness" By LOIS TAYLOR PISCATAWAY, Md.—This community was thrown into a state of turmoil Sunday when a band of white parishioners formed a strong-arm squad to prevent colored worshipers from entering the front door of St. Mary's Catholic Church. Trouble started the previous Sunday when colored members, after consultation with the priest, Father Losinski, broke the old custom of sitting in the rear of the church and took seats promiscuously throughout the congregation. White members are reported to have plotted retaliation to "keep the 'n—s' in their place." Worshippers Threatened Father Lesinski was reading the holy mass when a group of this colored parishioners were told they would be thrown out if they used the "white" door or sat in the front seats of their house of worship. White men barred the main entrance of the church as Mrs. Susie Johnson of Accokeek, Md.; her son Walter, 18, and other members approached the church which they have attended since childhood. "This is our church because we put more money in it than you do," the men are said to have told the group. "Use the colored entrance (continued on Page 8, Column (?)) WILLIAM DOWDELL DENSON Sept 24 '48 Star Ethiopians "Held to Be Aryans To the Editor of The Star: The unfortunate humiliation of the Ethiopian Minister at a recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science is an indication of the lack of knowledge of races that prevails today, even among our so-called learned people. The original Ethiopians were the darkest of the Aryan nations, having come from Southern Iran, where the climate usually is quite hot. They were not Negro (despite claims made by Negroes), although, like all nations surrounded by other peoples, they could not avoid some infiltration of outside blood, ordinarily in the lower strata of their society, and in this instance some Negro blood from lowland tribes is discernible among Ethiopians. The Ethiopians belong to the Hamitic branch of the Aryan race, along with the later Egyptians and the Berbers, as proved by their physical features. Prior to about 7500 B.C., only one race, the Mediterranean, the next darkest branch of the Aryans, dealt with by Sergi, the Italian anthropologist, occupied the entire region from the Alps to the Sahara and from the Persian Gulf to the Atlantic. In addition to the Arabs, Moors and others, it included the Kretans, earliest Egyptians, Pelasgians, Ligurians and Iberians. About that time the later Assyrians, a branch of the Turanian (or Yellow-Red) race from Turkistan, invaded and settled in Mesopotamia. About 4300 B.C.the Sumerians, another branch of the same race, also from Turkistan, invaded lower Mesopotamia, drove some of the Assyrians northwestward and settled there. Between those two invasions, perhaps around 6000 B.C. the Hamites were driven out of Southern Iran; some went eastward into India and the majority migrated across southern Arabia, where they settled, and later to Ethiopia, where they also settled and whence they subsequently conquered Egypt. Apparently, the main center of the Hamites was the land of the Sageans (Sheba), in Southwestern Arabia, and a branch of its dynasty later resigned over Ethiopia. After the Hamitic Chaldeans, Amorites, Phoenicians and others (about 3800 B.C. and later) had begun to move northward from Southern Arabia and conquer Mesopotamian and other fertile territory in the north, the Turanian Assyrians and Sumerians reciprocated and moved southward. Among the latter invaders at different times were the followers of the Hyksos kings and the tribes of the Habiri (the Hebrews), many of whom reached as far as Egypt, even into Sheba. These were the Semites and not the Mediterraneans or Hamites. Failure to make this distinction is the cause of the great confusion among historians in identifying the Semites accurately. Traditionally, the Ethiopian royal dynasty is descended from a natural son of the Semitic King Solomon and the Hamitic Queen Balkis of Sheba; hence the Semitic aspects of the Ethiopian regime. It apparently is the oldest continuous dynasty in history. CALVIN KEPHART. [Sept. 16 - 1948*] Scientists Offer Regret To Ethiopian Envoy for Constitutional Hall Affair The American Association for the Advancement of Science has expressed regret to the Minister of Ethiopia for a "serious affront" it said occurred Monday night when the Minister was asked to leave his box seat in Constitution Hall and "take a seat elsewhere in the hall." The incident took place on the opening night of the association's centennial meeting in the hall. After an usher asked the Minister, Ras H. S. Imru, to change seats, he "left the hall," the association said. The usher had been told to request the Minsiter to leave the box by a woman, the association added, The identity of the woman was not known by the usher and has not been discovered, the association continued. The association said the incident had been reported to it by a representative of the Yugoslav Embassy RAS H. S> IMRU. —AP Photo. who had been sitting in a box next to that occupied by the Ethiopian Minister during the meeting. Minister Was "Shocked." Haddis Alemayehou, First Secretary of the Ethiopian Legation, said it had not been decided whether to pursue the matter "with higher levels." It is possible , he said, that the matter will be dropped. "But the Minister was profoundly shocked by the incident," he added. "We did not expect any such thing to happen in the United States and particularly in Washington." His explanation was that the Minister had been invited to attend the meeting and had received tickets. on his arrival he was seated in a box in the diplomatic section. Later, an usher came up and told him he was in the wrong section adn would be moved to a new seat. Seat Was Not Suitable. The new seat was "not fitting to the standing" of the Minister, not being in the diplomatic section, he added. So he walked out. Last night the association released the text of a letter sent by its president, Dr. Edmund W. Sinnott of Yale University, to the Ethiopian Minister. "The officers of the American Association for the Advancement of Science have learned to their acute embarrassment of the serious affront which was suffered by the Minister from Ethiopia * * * at the opening meeting * * * We were entirely unaware of the grave occurrence, which is the more shocking since it violates all the traditions of science and of our organization and so profoundly humiliates us." The letter added: "We are entirely unable to determine the responsibility for it." Dr. Harlow Shapley, Harvard University astronomer and chairman of the association's Executive Committee, gave this account of the incident: A representative of the Yugoslav Embassy telephones him Tuesday night to say he had seen an usher approach the Minister in the next box and speak to him. Then the Minister left. The Yugoslav representative said he asked the usher what it was all about and was told that a woman had instructed him (the usher) to ask the Minister to leave the box and take a seat elsewhere in the hall, Dr. Shapley related. the usher did not know the name of the woman. Constitution Hall is owned by the Daughters of the American Revolution and has figured in controversies in the past over DAR refusals to rent the hall for concerts by Negro artists. Fred Hand, manager of the hall, emphasized that the DAR had nothing to do with the incident. There is no segregation of the audiences in the hall, Mr. Hand pointed out. The ushers at the meeting were furnished by the hall, he said. THE WASHINGTON POST 12M Sunday, SEptember 26, 1948 4 D.C. Students Get Atomic Fellowships Four Washingtonians are among 162 persons just awarded research fellowships by the Atomic Energy Commission. The awards, announced yesterday, brought to a total of 206 the number of graduate students who have been selected for training under the AEC-financed fellowship program during the 1948-49 academic year. The Washington winners are : Miss Evelyn Boyd, 23, of 2336 Ontario rd, nw.; George A. Ferguson, 24, whose father, George A. Ferguson, sr, lives at 2433 M st.,nw.; George William Sherard, 30, formerly of 1515 10th st. nw.; and Walter Dexter Whitehead, jr., 25, of 5241 Broad Branch rd. nw. Miss Boyd, Ferguson and Sherard are Negroes. Native of Washington Miss Boyd, who received her bachelor's degree from Smith College and a master's degree form Yale, is a native of Washington and a graduate of Dunbar High School. In 1945 she won a Phi Beta Kappa key at Smith; next year she was awarded a Julius Rosenwald Fund fellowship, which permitted study on her doctorate at Yale. Miss Boyd plans to use the latest fellowship for fourther study at Yale, in the field of mathematics. Ferguson, who was born in Washington and attended Armstrong High school, received his bachelor's and master's degrees at Howard Univefrsity. He served overseas in teh aRmy for two years, both in Germany and Japan. Ferguson, whose father teaches mechanical drawing at ARmstrong, is married but has no children. He will continue his studies , in the field of physics, at the Univerity of Pennsylvania. Research in Physics Sherard, born in Fitzgerald, Ga., received his bachelor's and master's degrees at the University of Cincinnati. He is on leave from Howard University here, where he has been an instructor in physics since February, 1946. He will use the AEC-fellowship for research in atomic and nuclear physics at the University of Pennsylvania. Whitehead, who worked in Washington recently on a Carnegie Institution fellowship, did his uundergraduate work at the University of Virginia and also obtained his master's degree there. He will continue his studies at the same school, concentrating on the "scattering of alpha particles." The fellowship program, which is administered for the AEC by the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, is carried on under provision of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946. It is designed to insure continued expansion of research and development in atomic energy and its related fields, to alleviate the shortage of trained scientists and technicians, and to assist in the acquisition of a growing fund of theoretical and practical knowledge. Vatican Reproted Willing to Resume Ties With Russia Vatican City, sEpt. 25 (AP).—The Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano said today the Catholic Church, "despite everything," would gladly renew diplomatic relations with Russia. The paper said the church was willing to do this "as soon as the possibility was given her (the church)," and asserted that relations that existed between the church and Russia "certainly were not broken by the Holy See." Osservatore made this declaration in denying a charge by Communist Ambrogio Donini—once Italian Ambassador to Poland— that the church's orders aim at "the destruction of communism, the destruction of the USSR." Four Winners Of Fellowships Miss Boyd Sherard Ferguson Whithead Graduate students awarded research fellowships by the Atomic Energy Commission. Eisenhower Installation New York, Sept. 25 (AP).—Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower will be installed October 12 as president MAKEE THAT BAS? ASPHA? 100 SQUARE INSTAL? GEORGE'S Roya? COR. VFW Flag First st? the Silver VFW, to among Mo? dren will b? the numb? lacking i? country's ? Comma? appointed headed b? conduct t? Education accept th? the daily of Allegi? Classroo? After is deter? committ? of trial bee wil? curemen? also ha? lishme? lected This b? upon ? to pr? menta? ernme? The? Busc? of th? room? Now ? [*000338*] of Columbia University. 8M THE WASHINGTON POST Sunday, September 26, 1948 Clark Adds 4 Groups to 'Subversive' Lists; Loyalty Board Makes New Roster Official By the United Press Attorney General Tom C. Clark has added four organizations to the Justice Department's original list of subversive groups, the Loyalty Review Board disclosed last night. The four were labeled "Communist," and listed by the board as the American Committee for European Workers Relief, the American Council on Soviet Relations, the Communist Political Association and the People's Radio Foundation, Inc. A revised list made public by Chairman Seth W. Richardson of the Loyalty Review Board combined into one list the names of 123 organizations previously designated. The revised list was distributed by the board to all executive department agencies for their use in checking on the loyalty of Government employes. For the first time, Clark was revealed to have placed the organizations in separate classifications, naming 22 as totalitarian, 15 as Fascist, 82 as Communist, 6 as subversive, 4 as groups advocating violence to deny others constitutional rights, and 5 as committed to overthrowing the Government by force or violence. There were some duplications among the six categories, thus reducing 123 the total number of organizations listed. The Communist Party was named as subversive, and as advocating violent overthrow of the Government. List of Organizations Following is the complete list of organizations as classified and named by Clark: Totalitationa - Black Dragon Society; Central Japanese Association (Beikoku Chuo Nipponjin Kai); Central Japanese Association of Southern California, Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (Military Virtue Society of Japan or Military Art Society of Japan); Heimuska Kai also known as Nokubei Heieki Gimusha Kai Zaibel Nihonjin, Heiyaku Gimusha Kai, and Zaibei Heimusha Kai (Japanese Residing in America Military Conscripts Association); Hinode Kai (Imperial Japanese Reservists); Hinomaru Kai (Rising Sun Flag Society - a group of Japanese war veterans). Hokubei Zaigo Dan (North American Reserve Officers Addociation); Japanese Association of America; Japanese Overseas Central Society (Kaigai Dobo Chuo Kai); Japanese Overseas Convention, Tokyo, Japan, 1940; Japanese Protective Association (recruiting organization); Jikyoku Lin Kai (Current Affairs Association); Kibei Seinen Kai (Association of United States citizens of Japanese ancestry who have returned to America after studying in Japan); Nanka Teikou Gunyudan (Imperial Military Friends group of Southern California War Veterans); Nichibei Kogyo Kaisha (The Great Fujii Teather); Northwest Japanese Association; Peace Movement of Ethiopia; Sakura Kai (Patriotic Society or Cherry Association - composed of veterans of Russo-Japanese war); Shinto Temples; Sokoku Kai (Fatherland Society); Suiko Sha (Reserve Officers Association, Los Angeles). Facist-American Patriots, Inc; Ausland-Organization der Nsdap, overseas branch of Nazi party; Association of German Nationals (Reichsdeutsche Vereinigung); central organization of the German-American National Alliance (Deutsche-Amerikanische Einheitsfront); Citizens Protective Leagure; Dante Alighieri Society; Federation of Italian War Veterans in the U. S. A., Inc. (Associazione Nazionals Combattenti Italiani, Federazione Degli Sati Uniti d'America); Friends of the New Germany (Freunde des Neuen Deutschlands); German-American Bund (Amerikan-deutscher Volksbund); German-American Republican League; German-American Vocational League (Deutsche-Amerikanische Berufsgemeinschaft); Kyifhaeuser, also knows as Kyffhaeuser League (Kyffhaesuer Bund), Kyffhaeuser Fellowship (Kyffhaesuer Kameradschaft); Kyffhaesuer War Relief (Kyffhaesuer Kriegschilfswerk); Lictor Society (Italian Black Shirts); Mario Morgantini Circle. Communist - Abrahan Lincoln School, Chicago, III.; American League Against War and Fascism; American Association for Reconstruction in Yugolavia, Inc.; American Committee for European Workers' Relief; American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born; American Committee for Yugoslav relilef, Inc.; American Council for a Democratic Greece; American COuncil on Soviet Relations; American Croation Congress; American League for Peace and Democracy; American Peace Mobilization; American Polish Labor Council; American Russian Institute for San Francisco); American Slav Congress; American Youth Congress; American Youth for Democracy; Armenian Progressive League of America; California Labor School, Inc., 216 Market st., San Francisco, Calif.; Central Council of American Women of Croatian Descent; AKA Central Council of American Croation Women; National Council of Croatian Women; Citizens Committee of the Upper West Side (New York City); Civil Rights Congress and its affiliates; Committee to Aid the Fighting South; Communist Party, United States of America; Communist Political Association; Conneticut State Youth Conference; Congress of American Revolutionary Writers; Conress of American Women; Council on African Affairs; Council for Pan-American Democracy; Dennis Defense Committee; Friends of the Soviet Union; George Washington Carver School, New York City; Hollywood Wrtiers Mobilization for Defense; Hungarian-American Council for Democracyl International Labor Defense; International Workers Order, including People's Radio Foundation, Inc.; Jefferson School of Social Science, New York City; Jewish Peoples Committee; Joiat Anti-Fascist Refuugee Committee; Labor Research Association, Inc.; League of American Writers; Macedonian-American People's League. Michigan Civil Rights Federatin; National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners; National Committee to Win the Peace; National Council of Americans of Croation Descent; National Council of American-Societt Frendship; National Federation for Constitutional Liberties; National Negro Congress; Nature Friends of America (since 1935); Negro Labor Victory Committee; New Committee for Publications, Ohio School of Social Sciences; People's Educational Association; People's Institute of Applied Religion; People's Radio Foundation, Inc.; Philadelphia School of Social Science and Art; Photo League (New York City); Proletarian Party of America; Revolutionary Workers League; Samuel Adams School, Boston, Mass.; School of Jewish Studies, New York City; Seattle Labor School, Seattle, Wash.; Serbian Vidovdan Council. Slovenian-American National Council; Socialist Workers Party, including American Committee for European Workers Relief; Socialist Youth League; Southern Negro Youth Congress; Tom Paine School of Social Science, Philadelphia, Pa.; Tom Paine School of Westchester, N. Y; United Committee of South Slavic Americans; United Harlem Tenants and Consumers Organization; United May Day Committee; United Negro and Allied Veterans of America; Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade; Walt Whitman School of Social Science, Newark, N. J.; Washington Bookshop Association; Washington Committee for Democratic Action; Wisconsin Conference on Social Legislation; Workers Alliance; Workers Party, including Socialist Youth League; Young Communist League. Subversives - Communist Party, U. S. A., Communist Political Association; German-American Bund; Socialist Workers Party; Workers Party; Young Communist League. Organizations which have "adopted a policy of advocationg or approcing the commission of acts of force and violence to deny others their rights under the Consitution of the United States" - Columbians; Ku Klux Klan; Protestant War Veterans of the United States; Silver Shirt Legion of America. Organizations which "seek to alter the form of government of the United States by unconstitutional means" - Communist Party, U. S. A., Communist Political Association; Socialist Workers Party; Workers Party; Young Communist League. [*Courier Nov. 5 - 49*] future of the baby It's not a problem of whether or? will be brought up to be a decent American zen for the Justice asserts, "It's a question of whether the child is to be raised by a white ot colored girl." At the present, little Mary resides at the home of her maternal grandparents, the Arthur E. Freituses. Her father is a Negro, Emerson Marshall. Justice W? up this girl and p? Mary's grandmother rep? bring her up as she is." The judge has ordered p? investigate both homes involv? congratulations —Film star Pat O'Brien, left, congratulates Architect Paul R. Williams, designer of the new Los Angeles County Polio Hospital in California. Peter Zachary, O'Brien's three-year-old godchild, was a polio victim at County Hospital a few weeks ago. Madam Flora LOVELY HAIR-DO's are made of FINE WUALITY HAND WOVEN HUMAN HAIR. Will last for years and can be combed as you do your own hair. Send sample or mention color ??????sted. ALL AROUND GRECIAN ROLL ???HER CURLS A smooth all ?ed the head ?rms Mrs. H Dies in NEW YOR? wife of the fo? secretary o\in ? burgh, died ? Mrs. Craft ? day. The D? the home of in-law, the D? Convent Ave? board memb? Rights Comm? -FORT Dr. Bu> 'Posin? WASHIN? Bunche, fo? diator, ha? a New Y? he had b? local the? another. where he? gained s? West Shov? ME? barred? by Lloy? "Lost racial ? shown ? Memphi? border, Negro d? land as? white we? M [?] Homage [?] of Life [*Afro Feb 25, ‘50*] recommendation changed. Active in His Field Dr. Johnson has been in the field of humane service ever since his graduation from the Howard University Medical College in 1924. He is a native Washingtonian and received all of his education here. He holds the rank of lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Medical Reserve and served in World Wars I and II. He is co-owner of the Johnson-Robinson Clinic, 1742 Sixth St., which he founded largely because of his desire to help his people. He was a clinician at Freedmen's Hospital, chief of orthopedic service and director of the physical therapy department between 1929 to 1942. Jerry Strong Jerry Strong, one of Washington's most popular disc jockeys, not only believes in "fair play, racial relationship and youth understanding," but practices it. He has refused to sell the products of many potential advertisers because they wished to segregate. The civic-minded radio personality has conducted some type of charitable campaign for more than 10 years and has always seen that the proceeds were distributed among non-segregated organizations and equitably. Brotherhood, Not Tolerance His philosophy in promoting racial understanding is "hating the word tolerance and treating every man as if he were your brother." A native of Frederick, Md., he is a graduate of the local schools and studied at Peabody Institute, Baltimore, and under Professor Cassell, voice instructor, Baltimore. He is 34 and the father of two children, Lydia, 9, and Jeannette, 5. He recently celebrated his 15th year in radio, 10 of which have been with Washington stations. Oscar L. Chapman A place on the honor roll goes to Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary of the Interior, for championing the cause of minority groups wherever and whenever he can. Secretary Chapman is one of the foremost liberals of the day and strikes a blow for real democracy at every opportunity. He has declared that recreational facilities, swimming pools and all other Government property under jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior, will be open to all persons indiscriminately. In a Brotherhood Week speech Tuesday afternoon, Secretary Chapman restated his creed in the following words: "We in the Department of Interior have tried for a long time to understand that men are really brothers, and to practice what we understood in our daily policies. Practiced in Department "We shall continue these policies and where it can be done, we shall strengthen and enlarge them. Among our fellow workers are men and women of all faiths and of many races. "Brotherhood in this department is a living thing. It shall remain so. After all we are all Americans who are brothers under God. As human beings, and as citizens of this great democracy we are one, together, and bound by the basic meaning of life itself." Mr. Chapman's liberality is all the more astonishing inasmuch as he is a native of Omega, Va. His adult life has been filled with activity in civic, political, and veterans' affairs both in Denver and Washington. His constant fight to eliminate segregation, discrimination, and other injustices in American practiced against colored and other minority group Americans is one of his greatest attributes. He truly ted Press Newspaper REE CENTS FIVE CENTS Elsewhere [*"Star Dec 13-43"*] 16 Railroads Refuse to Obey FEPC Directive Southern Lines Say Committee Has No Legal Power By the Associated Press. Sixteen Southern railways today challenged the right of the President's Fair Employment Practices Committee to order the railways to cease discriminating against colored employees. The 16 carriers declared they would not obey the FEPC directives of November 24 forbidding racial or religious discrimination. The FEPC, the railroads said in a joint letter, "is wholly without constitutional and legal jurisdiction and power to issue the directives, and for this reason the said directives are without legal effect." In prompt rejoinder, FEPC Chairman Malcom Ross issued a statement denying the contention that it would be "impractical" and "impossible" for the railroads to carry out the directive. He said barriers against the use of colored rail workers was "a war problem of the first order." The action of the railroads openly challenges Executive Order No. 9-346 issued by President Roosevelt, which forbids any contractor doing business with the Federal Government to discriminate against employees or job applicants for racial or religious reasons. Call Order Impracticable. The railroads charged that the FEPC was "utterly unrealistic" in attempting to solve delicate problems of inter-racial relations in the Southern States "by fiat." "It is wholly impracticable, and indeed impossible, for these railroads to put into effect your committee's directives addressed against them," the letter to FEPC declares. "Any attempt, for instance, to promote Negroes to locomotive engineers or train conductors would inevitably disrupt their present peaceful and co-operative relations with their employes, would antagonize the traveling and shipping public served by them, would substitute conditions of chaos for the present conditions of harmony, would result in stoppages of transportation, and would most gravely and irreparably impair the whole war effort of the country. These railroads cannot assume the responsibility for precipitating such disastrous results." Hearings Held in September. The railroads asserted that railway labor relations are explicitly controlled by the Railway Labor Act, and changes in contractual relations between the carriers and railway labor unions can only be accomplished under the act. The open defiance of the President's executive order and the agency he created to administer it grew out of hearings held by FEPC in Washington in September. Seven railway labor unions and 22 railroads were then cited by FEPC on complaint of colored railway workers that "collusive" contracts between the carriers and the unions barred colored persons from advancement, deprived them of seniority rights and were gradually freezing colored persons out of all work on the railroads. Misrepresentation Charged. Mr. Ross declared the primary issue was the employment of Negroes as firemen. This and other problems were taken up at the FEPC hearings in September, he said, but "the railroad unions chose to ignore the hearings," and "the carriers made a perfunctory appearance." "Their letter now makes a bid for public disapproval of FEPC by viewing with alarm alleged pretensions of Negroes to be engineers and conductors," Mr. Ross continued. "The plain fact is that this issue is dormant and could remain so if the railroads offer justice to Negro railroad men. "The FEPC believes that the granting of overdue rights to Negro railroad men, far from being a cause for disorder, could be so managed as to improve service and to raise the morale of tens of thousands of Negro Americans who have their own stake in winning this war quickly." MACON NEGROES ARE GOING TO ISLANDS [*1907*] [Macon (Ga.) News) If all the recruiting stations do as well as the one in Macon which is under the charge of Sergt. Kochler, Uncle Same, will have little difficulty in filling up the ranks of his dusky regiment, depleted by the Brownsville affair. Since the order was issued some two months ago by the war department to make special efforts to get negroes for the Phillippine service. Sergt, Koehler has been busy and has succeeded in recruiting ten men for the service. There have been numerous applications but some of the negroes failed to show up or were disqualified. As there are 61 recruiting stations in the country and all are making special efforts to get negro soldiers, there has been about time enough for the deficiency to be made up, and Sergt. Koehler expects daily to receive orders to stop his campaign for recruits. He has had one or two rather humorous experiences with would-be soldiers One darkey, when asked for references, confidently referred him to a certain gentleman. When the officer called upon the gentleman, he was informed without hesitation that the negro in question was a "thief and a rogue." The darkey must have gotten wise to his misplaced confidence, for he never turned up. His application was sent by the officer with the information [th?] was said to be "a rogue and a thief" and so he is centered on the record, Guardian A REVELATION OF AMERICAN PREJUDICE There are times when it is of service to know the truth as to the extensiveness of a wrong idea or principle. The Freshman Dormitory color line is entirely wrong. The chief reason why it is wrong is because it subjects worthy Americans to the personal race prejudices of other American in the official regime for life at Harvard University, thereby denied the same privileges because of race, which means aninferioraty of states. The existence of race prejudice is admited, the surrender to it by the Collegian's to be condemned. As a revelation of actual statements among Harvard undergraduates we republish some among more opinions from the columns of the Boston Transcript as follows: "I shouldn't thing the Negro would want to live in the freshmen dormitories himself because it would put him in an uncomfortable position. But if and Negro understanding the condition, insists on living there he should not be discriminated against. The chief objection from the viewpoint of the average student is not that he would have to room under the same roof but that he would have to eat at the same table. There are many students, however, who although not particularly anxious to sit down at the table with the Negro had rather take the chance of having to do so once in a while than see the university carry out this discriminatory regulation." --Publications "I think that the ruling in regard to Negroes in the freshman dormitories is a wise one. It is keeping the spark away from the dynamite. As long as freshmen are required to live in dormitories it seems unfair to require them to live with an unassimilable element. I think that most Negroes are grateful to the college for making an exception for them to the rule of compulsory residence. In one instance there was a colored man in the dormitories and this was the source of great friction. The talk that President Lowell has acted without authority is absurd. The rule has been established ever since the building of the dormitories." --Publications "It seems to me that the question is one for the president to decide and that the solution of this difficulty is his job. He has handled the situation and I think that he should be heartily supported in his position. Aside from this I have no definite ideas on the subject." --Athletics "I agree wholeheartedly with what President Lowell has said and done. People criticising the president's attitude are those not living under the conditions which they wish to forse on us. Mr. Lowell has denied no educational equality. He has merely done what prominent real estate men in New York do without anyone raising a voice. It is the livable application rather than the abstraction of justice that we should seek."--Theatricals "Negroes should not be allowed in the freshmen dormitories. I am absolutely against it. I can understand the feeling of the University of Virginia when it refused to compete with us because of the presence of a negro on our team. Admission into the dormitories would cause a lot of hard feeling. I know that many other ment feel the way I do about this."--Club President. "I think that if a man is to be admitted into the university he should stand on an equal basis with all other men. It seems to me that President Lowell is wrong in this matter."-- Club President. "It seems to me that we have either got to fire the Negro from colleg4e or else let him come into the dormitories. Taking him into the dormitories does not mean, as is sometimes said, taking him into one's family. The Negro problem is on our hands and we have to face it. Either he must be educated up to our view or a caste system developed. It seems to me that it is a case of being afraid of getting in bad with the Southern write man. Of course if is hard to understand the prejudice of the South against the Negro, as it is hard to understand the prejudice of the Californian against the Japanese. The Negroes whom I have met at the University seem to me to be fine men. I have no sympathy with the attitude taken at Annapolis against their being a negro on one of our teams."-- Athletics. Where is the new Guardian Office to be? It will be either 47 or 103 Court St. Find out by telephoning Main 4028. When you call get your guess recorded first and then inquire. Or inquire at Branch Office, 971A Tremont St. PAGE SEVEN The Age Editors of Other Editors the opportunity to improve their conditions by entering the industries of the North and West. This condition should bring the South to a realization of the value of the Negro as an industrial asset. Competition between the various sections for black labor should increase the capacity of the wage earners and better the conditions of living. HARVARD LOSES ITS BEARINGS. (From New York World). Under Charles W. Eliot Harvard never had a race issue. Under A. Lawrence Lowell it has had two race issues in one year. When the so-called Jewish question was raised last Spring it was asserted that it was the result of an increase in the number of Jewish immigrants. Now there is a Negro issue as Harvard. It concerns one Negro, the son of a well known Harard graduate. There has been on Negro immigration. What there has been at Harvard is a change of soul at the top. That change of soul has communicated itself to the university. In the place of Eliot, who embodied the stern but liberal virtue of New England, there sits a man who has lost his grip on the great tradition which made Harvard one of the true spiritual centres of American life. Harvard, with the prejudices of a summer hotel; Harvard, with the standards of a country club, is not the Harvard of her greatest sons. It is not the Harvard of Eliot or Emerson or William James, a training-ground of free men in a Republic. It is not the Harvard of its most loyal graduates but a Harvard temporarily at sea in a disordered world. RACE PREJUDICE AT HARVARD. (From New York Globe). Roscoe Conkling Bruce had much hte better of the argument in his exchange with President Lowell over the question of admitting a Negro student to Harvard's freshman dormitories. Mr. Lowell comes of that family which, according to Massachusetts tradition, "speaks only to the Cabots, and the Cabots speak only to God," but in his generation the Lowell passion for human freedom seems to have become attenuated. He denied Mr. Bruce's application for a room for his son, now a student at Phillips Exeter Academy, in order not to "compel white and colored men to room in the same building." Mr. Bruce pointedly replied that living under the same roof compelled no social intimacy. "Scullions and thieves may sleep under the same roof with aristocrats and saints," he said, "but of social intimacy there is none unless it is voluntary on both sides." Every southern family capable of hiring servants lives under the same roof with Negroes without suffering embarrassment. Mr. Lowell referred, as he had previously, to the rising winds of racial prejudice, and sought to justify his exclusion policy by his professed unwillingness to accentuate existing sentiments. Yet the judgment he rendered in this case can have no other effect. The president of Harvard University has, in truth, done as much as any man to stimulate race prejudice during the last few months. First his anti-Jewish policy and now his anti-Negro decision aid neither the university nor the country. Of course race prejudice exists and it is obvious that intimacy between students, who for any reason are uncongenial, ought not to be forced by college authorities. But at the same time institutions of higher learning have an obligation to the public. Most of all, it is no part of the function of a university to fertilize the evil tendencies of the community. Harvard should confer equal opportunity upon all races and permit its students individually to choose their friends. To do less is to dishonor the fine history of the institution. HARVARD AND THE NEGRO (From Brooklyn Daily Eagle). Blanche K. Bruce, a light mulatto, was elected United States Senator from Mississippi in 1875. When he appears to be sworn in, his colleague, James L. Alcorn, a white planter of South Carolina family, should be all the precedents have walked up to the bar of the Senate with him. Alcorn read his newspaper and made no move. Then Roscoe Conkling of New York, the handsomest and most impressive of the Northern Senators, stepped quickly to Bruce's side, saying, "Pardon me, I did not see that you were without an escort," and himself presented the new Senator, later looking out for him and securing some good committee appointments for the colored man. The son of Blanche K. Bruce was name, "Roscoe Conkling." [next column] and grandfather had been cultivated, wealthy and looked up to. No one who knew the Washington of the early eighties will question that the Afro-American whom President Garfield made Register of the Treasury and whose signature appeared on millions of good legal tender had cultivation as well as money and prominence. His case was unique. Born a slave in Virginia, he was made as a little child the personal servant of a boy of his own age and was allowed to learn from tutors precisely what his young master learned. He had personal grace and personal suavity. In a very few years and in the disturbed reconstruction period he had made a fortune as a cotton planter in Mississippi. We are not surprised that Moorfield Storey and a dozen other alumni are protesting firmly, even bitterly, the course of the Lowell administration at Harvard. Some of these, like Storey, have a great gift for polemics, but they can hardly excel Roscoe Conkling Bruce. The latter's language as quoted speaks for itself. The reflection that its keen biting satire comes from a man in whose veins the blood is fifteen-sixteenths Caucasian only suggests additional complications of a question already complicated enough; also the thought that the traditions of Harvard have not limited her welcmoe to even half-Caucasian colored men. Likewise a recurrence to that outburst of John Albion Andrew, the Civil War Governor of Massachusetts, a Bowdoin man: "I know not what record of sin awaits me in the other world, but this I do know, that I was never so mean as to despise any man because he was poor, because he was ignorant or because he was black." ANCIENT CIVILIZATION. From The New York Evening Mail. An obelisk weihging more than 1,100 tons has been found in Egypt. It is 133 feet long and 14 feet wide at the base, cut out of solid granite. The recent discoveries in Egypt add to ehe wonder of how ancient Egyptians with the tools and facilities at their command were able to accomplish what they did. Four thousand years ago, when so far as is known, there was no power, machinery, no derricks, cranes or artificial power, the Egyptians built the pyramids, which are more massive than any modern structure. They excavated tombs in the solid rock of a size as large as some audience halls. They evidently had some means of moving a block of stone more than 1,000 feet long and weighing more than 1,000 tons by man power. No mechanical drills were found in the ruins of the quarries from which these immense stones were taken to be transported miles. There are no traces of any vehicles which would bear a fraction of their weight. There is evidence of the existence of ropes, rollers anl levers, but hardly a trace of any metal tool of any kind. No motor trucks or railroad cars in modern use could transport this obelisk. It would take a specially constructed derrick or crane or series of derricks and cranes to lift it. Yet the Egyptians transported such huge blocks of stone many miles. The Egyptians apparently were skilled astronomers without the astronomical instruments which modern astronomers deem indispensable. They made wonderful glass and pottery which modern glass-makers and potters[?] cannot reproduce with all their inventions and skill. It is to be hoped that some archaeologist will find out how they did it. HARVARD LOSES ITS BEARINGS (From New York World) Under Charles W. Eliot Harvard never had a race issue. Under A. Lawrence Lowell it has had two race issues in one year. When the so-called Jewish question was raised last Spring it was asserted that it was the result of an increase in the number of Jewish immigrants. Now there is a Negro issue at Harvard. It concerns one Negro, the son of a well known Harard graduate. There has been on Negro immigration. What there has been at Harvard is a change of soul at the top. That change of soul has communicated itself to the university. In the place of Eliot, who embodied the stern but liberal virtue of New England, there sits a man who has lost his grip on the great tradition which made Harvard one of the true spiritual centres of American life. Harvard, with the prejudices of a summer hotel; Harvard, with the standards of a country club, is not the Harvard of her greatest sons. It is not the Harvard of Eliot or Emerson or William James, a training-ground of free men in a Republic. It is not the Harvard of its most loyal graduates but a Harvard temporarily at sea in a disordered world. RACE PREJUDICE AT HARVARD (From New York Globe). Roscoe Conkling Bruce had much the better of the argument in his exchange with President Lowell over the question of admitting a Negro student to Harvard's freshman dormitories. Mr. Lowell comes of that family which, according to Massachusetts tradition, "speaks only to the Cabots, and the Cabots speak only to God," but in his generation the Lowell passion for human freedom seems to have become attenuated. He denied Mr. Bruce's application for a room for his son, now a student at Phillips Exeter Academy, in order not to "compel white and colored" men to room in the same building." Mr. Bruce pointedly replied that living under the same roof compelled no social intimacy. "Scullions and thieves may sleep under the same roof with aristocrats and saints," he said, "but of social intimacy there is none unless it is voluntary on both sides." Every southern family capable of hiring servants lives under the same roof with Negroes without suffering embarrassment. Mr. Lowell referred, as he had previously, to the rising winds of race prejudice, and sought to justify his exclusion policy by his professed unwillingness to accentuate existing sentiments. Yet the judgment he rendered in this case can have no other effect. The president of Harvard University has, in truth, done as much as any man to stimulate race prejudice during the last few months. First his anti-Jewish policy and now his anti-Negro decision aid neither the university nor the country. Of course race prejudice exists and it is obvious that intimacy between students, who for any reason are uncongenial, ought not to be forced by college authorities. But at the same time institutions of higher learning have an obligation to the public. Most of all, it is no part of the function of a university to fertilize the evil tendencies of the community. Harvard should confer equal opportunity upon all races and permit its students individually to choose their friends. To do less is to dishonor the fine history of the institution. HARVARD AND THE NEGRO. (From Brooklyn Daily Eagle). Blanche K. Bruce, a light mulatto, was elected United States Senator from Mississippi in 1875. When he appeared to be sworn in, his colleague, James L. Alcorn, a white planter of a South Carolina family, should by all the precedents have walked up to the bar of the Senate with him. Alcorn read his newspaper and made no move. Then Roscoe Conkling of New York, the handsomest and most impressive of the Northern Senators, stepped quickly to Bruce's side, saying, "Pardon me, I did not see that you were without an escort," and himself presented the new Senator, later looking out for him and securing some good committee appointments for the colored man. The son of Blanche K. Bruce was named "Roscoe Conkling." The father, who was the richest man of his race in America, sent him to Harvard, where he graduated in 1902 as a Phi Beta Kappa man and class orator. Now Harvard refuses to matriculate his son, also Roscoe Conkling Bruce. We believe it is the first time in history that any great educational institution has administered such a rebuff to a third generation colored man whose father [top line cut off] personal servant of a boy of his own age and was allowed to learn from tutors precisely what his young master learned. He had personal grace and personal, suavity. In a very few years and in the disturbed reconstruction period he had made a fortune as a cotton planter in Mississippi. We are not surprised that Moorfield Storey and a dozen other alumni are protesting firmly, even bitterly, the course of the Lowell administration at Harvard. Some of these, like Storey, have a great gift for polemics, but they can hardly excel Roscoe Conkling Bruce. The latter's language as quoted speaks for itself. The reflection that its keen, biting satire comes from a man in whose veins the blood is fifteen-sixteenths Caucasian only suggest additional complications of a question already complicated enough; also the thought that the traditions of Harvard have not limited her welcome of to even half-Caucasian colored men. Likewise a recurrence to that outburst of John Albion Andrew, the Civil War Governor of Massachusetts, A Bowdoin man: "I know not what record of sin awaits me in the other world, but this I do know, that I was never so mean as to despise any man because he was poor, because he was ignorant or because he was black." ANCIENT CIVILIZATION. From The New York Evening Mail. An obelisk weighing more than 1,100 tons has been found in Egypt. It is 133 feet long and 14 feet wide at the base, cut out of solid granite. The recent discoveries in Egypt add to the wonder of how ancient Egyptians with the tools and facilities at their command were able to accomplish what they did. Four thousand years ago, when so far as is known, there was no power, machinery, no derricks, cranes, or artificial power, the Egyptians built the pyramids, which are more massive than any modern structure. They excavated tombs in the solid rock of a size as large as some audience halls. They evidently had some means of moving a block of stone more than 1,000 feet long and weighing more than 1,000 tons by man power. No mechanical drills are found in the ruins of the quarries from which these immense stones were taken to be transported miles. There are no traces of any vehicles which would bear a fraction of their weight. There is no evidence of the existence of ropes, rollers anl levers, but hardly a trace of any metal tool of any kind. No motor trucks or railroad cars in modern use could transport this obelisk. It would take a specially constructed derrick or crane or series of derricks and cranes to life it. Yet the Egyptians transported such huge blocks of stone many miles. The Egyptians apparently were skilled astronomers without the astronomical instruments which modern astronomers deem indispensable. They made wonderful glass and pottery which modern glass-makers and pott[?] cannot reproduce with all their inventions and skill. It is to be hoped that some archaeologist will find out how they did it. Colored Harvard Graduate Writes Letter [*Colored American Tuesday--Jan 23 -- 1923*] In a letter, which we are publishing, Aubrey Bowser, a graduate of Harvard University, gives us not a few interesting facts concerning that and other universities. His letter: - To the Editor of The World: As a Negro graduate of Harvard I wish to thank you for your pithy editorial "Harvard Loses Her Bearings" and to reassure Veritas, who in The World of January 19 deplores the unfavorable publicity that Harvard is now suffering. That very publicity shows that Harvard was more highly regarded than any other university in America. Such prominent institutions as Cornell and Columbia have never permitted Negro students to live in any of their dormitories. No Negro, however brilliant as an athlete, has been allowed on any of Yale's athletic teams, and Princeton, to answer Veritas's question, glories in the fact that she admits no Negro students at all. As none of these universities has been singled out for denunciation, why is Harvard, at her first official intimation of a color line, likened to a petty summer hotel? It is only that more is expected of Harvard than of the others. They may be as narrow and illiberal as they will, but when Harvard falters it is like the toppling of a great pillar of freedom, and the public outcry is an unconscious tribute to her greatness. Even with the recent discrimination, Harvard is still the most liberal of the colleges toward the Negro and every one else. Since 1870 she has graduated more than forty colored men. Three of them were elected class orators. Four have made the varsity debating team. One of them was this same Roscoe Conkling Bruce who won the Coolidge debating prize two years in succession. Three have played on the varsity football team, one on the baseball team and six have made the varsity track team—notably Gourdin, who wore the Harvard uniform when he broke the world's record for the running broad jump. Four were graduated magna cum laude, four more cum laude and several others won minor prizes. Even with the freshman dormitories closed to the Negroes, they were still allowed to win such honors when competent, which is more than can be said of any other of the colleges I have mentioned. No grief or resentment should blind Harvard's colored graduates or the public to that fact. Harvard has failed only in comparison with herself, with the glorious heritage which her great sons have received from her and returned to her with added splendor. Only now, when her torch is dimmed, do we realize what a beacon she has been. Blazing high above the fogs and storms of prejudice and bigotry, she kept alight the vestal fire of pure Americanism when others would vitiate it with a darker flame. Though just now she seems to have forgotten the admonition of her hymn, to "Let not moss-covered error moor thee to its side as the world on truth's current glides by," we feel that she will come to herself. She has discouraged us, wounded us, humiliated us, but we love her for what she was and for what she will be again. I know not what other colored Harvard men may think, but for myself I say my sons shall go to Harvard. AUBREY BOWSER. New York, Jan 20. Another Letter on Lowell and Harvard [*Col-Amer Jan 19 - 1923*] We are publishing today another letter written to the editor of the N.Y. World, anent the discriminative policy of President Lowell of Harvard University. In the beginning of his letter Mr. Chapman describes the freshman dormitories at Harvard where colored students are not permitted to reside. He then quotes a paragraph from the letter sent Mr. Bruce in which Mr. Lowell states the facts concerning the barring of the colored students from the freshman dormitories. Mr. Chapman's letter continues: This exclusion of Negroes from the freshman quadrangles has not arisen out of any race friction at Harvard. There have never been enough Negro students at Harvard to raise the race question. Those that were there were generally modest and able boys whom every one respected and wished well. Thus the exclusion of Negroes from the freshman dormitories (so-called) has come about not as the convenient settlement of actual racial difficulties at Harvard but as a political move intended to conciliate Southern settlement. It is done in order to keep alive at Harvard the idea of white supremacy. Harvard by this exclusion assumes that certain white parents object to their sons sleeping in a room which abuts on the same quadrangle with a Negro's room or eating in the same dining-hall with a Negro. But students at Harvard have been doing these things for the last sixty years. Southern students have eaten at Memorial Hall in the same dining-room with Negro students and have received no hurt. "But," says President Lowell, "not under compulsion." Yes, upon the "compulsion" of their desire to attend Harvard and to eat in a convenient place. This same "compulsion" will keep Southern students in the freshman dormitories, Negroes or no Negroes. So far as "living with Negroes" is concerned, the Southern students and their parents have no objection to it. They are entirely accustomed to it, and they like the Negro. If any white parent tells President Lowell that he cannot bear the thought of his son's sleeping in a room which abuts on the same quadrangle with a Negro's room, or eating in the same dining-hall with a Negro, that parent deceives Mr. Lowell. What the Southern parent demands is that some stigma be put upon the Negro. He wishes Harvard to hang out a flag discriminating against the black man. The Southerner would withdraw his objections to the inclusion of Negroes in the dormitories if Harvard would confer degrees upon black men in a different colored ink from those conferred on white men, or if Harvard should forbid the Negroes to wear dress coats on commencement. The Southern point is that the idea of white supremacy must be kept alive. Mr. Lowell is today keeping this idea alive at Harvard, and to keep the idea of race supremacy alive is the one particular piece of folly and wickedness which ought to never be done in any field of our social life. The flag of race superiority should never be raised among us. It acts as a lash, arousing every bad passion and threatening the end of the Republic. The display of this flag is always due to insolence and hatred; the flag adds nothing to that superiority which it proclaims. The flag is in fact always a sign of terror in the nationality that hangs it out. The Negro question in American is colored by local and geographical conditions. I will not lay down the law for the South or give a mere counsel of perfection to every one. I am speaking here of the North and especially of Massachusetts; and I say to the North and to Massachusetts: Such Negroes among us as can receive a college education must be offered one which is without stigma; and as for the white boys who find these Negroes as their companions in the Harvard freshman dormitories, this shall be a sign to them that the Negro is engrafted in our American civilization. He cannot be eliminated by Mr. Lowell's device. The white boy is destined to see the Negro and deal with him all his life in the real world, and the white boy had better learn to think wisely and humanely of him while they are at college together. JOHN JAY CHAPMAN. New York, Jan. 17. Drawing Color Line, Harvard President Arouses Graduates (Continued from First Page) reasonableness of out position about the Freshman dormitories. It is not a departure from the past to refuse to compel white and colored men to room in the same building. We owe to the colored man the same opportunities for education that we do to the white man; but we do not owe to him to force him and the white into social relations that are not or may not be, mutually congenial. "Would Increase Prejudice." "We give him freely opportunities for room and board wherever it is voluntary; but it seems to me that for the colored man to claim that he is entitled to have the white man compelled to live with his is a very unfortunate innovation which, far form doing him good, would increase a prejudice that, as you and I will thoroughly agree, is most unfortunate and probably growing. "On the other hand, to maintain that compulsory residence in the Freshman dormitories - which has proved a great benefit in breaking up the social clique that did much injury to the college - should not be established for 99 1/2 per cent of the students because the remaining one-half of 1 per cent could not properly be included, seems to me an untenable position. "Regretting very much that we should not agree upon the wisdom of the policy adopted for the Freshman dormitories, I am, "very truly yours.' B[???]'s Second Letter. To this letter Mr. Bruce replied in a dignified , thoughtful epistle that took cognizance of the increase of prejudice referred to by Mr. Lowell, but begged that Harvard should not become a party to its growth. He wrote as follows: "Yes, the wind just now is blowing [???} the direction of increased prejudice [to]ward Americans of African descent. The same phenomenon is observable in the case of Irish, Catholics and of Jews. But the course of high-minded leadership is not determined by the shifting of such winds. Harvard is under no obligation, you inform me, to "force" the man of color and the white man into "social relations that are not, or may not be, mutually congenial." The rooming of boys in the same building is the present case. Social Intimacy Voluntary. "When I go to New York City I stop at the Astor. Should I reach Boston tomorrow I should stop at the Parker House. In either of these buildings there may be at the same time men and women of pure Anglo-Saxon blood and tadition from the Southern States. We live for the time being under the same roof. We walk the same halls and floors. We sit in the same lobby. A social relation [?] constituted thereby in the same sense that residence is the same block or city or State or Nation or riding in the same street car constitutes a social relation of a certain order. But social intimacy there is none - unless it be entirely voluntary of both sides. "Social intimacy is no more compellable in the case of the Freshman Hall at Harvard than in the case of the hotel. Here are Smith from Texas and Jones from Mississippi lily white freshmen, living in the same hall. Does the university undertake to force Smith and Jones into social intimacy? Certainly not! A college dormitory, I know, is not a hotel, but in essential the analogy holds. Scullions and thieves may sleep under the same roof with aristocrats and saints, gut social intimacy does not result neccessarily nor does the question of the congeniality of the mechanical relation of abode even arise. "Of Course I Protest." "I suppose that none may deny that being members of the same college class is a social relationship. Being members of the same university is certainly one. If the principle which you are applying to the present case of rooming in the same building is conceded, the day may come when it will be applied to the class, the classroom, the campus, the university itself. Of course I protest. "Is it not fair to say that this "is not a departure from the past? Hitherto Harvard - and it is not the attitude of a group of private persons but that of a renowned university affected by a public interest that is at issue - has looked upon the individual student as an individual and not as a racial symbol. It has extended to him all its facilities with exclusive regard not to his ancestry but to himself. And on does not, I submit, determine questions of principle by percentages. "Granted that the wind just now is blowing in the direction of reaction, does it not behoove a great and responsible centre of enlightenment to be caught, like some paltry straw, in the gust? If the way to resume specie payments is to resume (as Grover Cleveland pointed out with clarity), the way to lead is not to follow. Likens Policy to that of Klan. "A former president of Harvard has set forth weightily some of the considerations that lead to the belief that our American democracy may endure. But a policy that officially recognizes and sanctions and accentuates racial incompatibilities among the diverse elements of our population conduces not to the stability of our institutions. "Impress, if you will, upon the Irishman (not forgetting the 'Roman Conquest' of Massachusetts mentioned by Mr. Macy), or the Jew or Negro the idea that the oldest and noblest of our universities shares the conviction of the Ku Klux Klan that, no matter what hi charm and gift and serviceability as an individual he can be no full-fledged American because of the very blood in his veins, you manufacture griefs in the [Article torn- some missing] tion of the J[???] ow methods of the South, the complete negation of the very reason for the creation of the freshman dormitories. As an undergraduate I was an ardent supporter of yours in advocating the establishment of freshman dormitories and mandatory attendance because I believed it was a practicable way of furthering democratic aims of the university. Don't Aim to Obtrude. "The few colored men who enter Harvard are educated and cultivated students seeking higher education and the opportunities for a liberal education. Can it be that these few men can so shock the susceptibilities of present-day Harvard undergraduates that they desire to deny them a right to live and to eat in the spacious dormitories? "These colored students are not seeking to be introduced into the homes pf their classmates or to attend their teas or dances or to obtrude where they are not wanted; all they ask is a right to live and let live, and to enjoy the same privileges as other undergraduates in purely academic affairs. "It is generally admitted that it is through education that the condition of our colored citizens can best be improved, yet when the leaders of that race such as young Bruce, grandson of a former distinguished United States Senator and whose father was an honor graduate, seek to enter Harvard, are they henceforth to be brutally told that they can enter only at the price of ostracism? Great Nation University "Where is this system of proscription going to end? Are Asiatics to be discriminated against? Is it the same Harvard that conferred an honorary degree a few years ago on Booker T. Washington? Harvard is not a private school, but a great national university, with its gates wide open to all who can comply with the entrance requirements, based on scholarship, not on race, color or creed. "During the war I had the honor and privilege of serving with a colored National Guard regiment from New York State. These enlisted men are imbued with the idea that they were fighting to make the world safe for democracy. What a hollow mockery. I would be derelict to the memory of those men in my command who paid the supreme sacrifice in battle if I remained silent on this issue affecting the civil rights of their race. "It was good enough then in defense of our country to sleep alongside of our colored comrade, but it seems too much now to ask undergraduates even to live under the same roof with cultured Negroes, although separated by partitions. This is not the spirit of democracy; it is not the spirit of New England. And it is not the spirit of Harvard. "Certainly there has been non referendum among Harvard graduates on this amazing divergence from our historic policy. Have we already forgotten the glorious memory of Col. Robert Gould Shaw of the 54th Massachusetts Colored Infantry? What of the uncompromising and fearless fights waged by John Quincy Adams, Charles Sumner, Edward Everett and, ni our day, by Theodore Roosevelt in behalf of the civil rights of the Negro race? I do not believe that such discriminatory action would have ever been considered in the lifetime of Mayor Higginson and other prominent Civil War veteran. PAGE TWO THE NEW YO Abandonment of Race Charged Because of Howard's Letter Neval H. Thomas Tells Washington Audience That Perry Howard Should Be a True Representative of Race and Tell Dominant Power our Wants (Special To The New York Age) Washington, D. C.--"What will the Senate, and even Senator DuPont himself, think of Negro statesmanship when a man holding the highest executive appointment the race has received has no higher sense of responsibility to his constituency than to surrender it to the mob?" was the question hurled at Perry W. Howard by Neval H. Thomas, when the latter was denouncing before a large audience at the Y. M. C. A. on Sunday afternoon the letter recently made public alleged to have been written by Howard to Senator DuPont of Delaware, in which the colored official from Mississippi expressed opposition to passage of the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill because it was being supported by the N. A. A. C. P. Mr. Thomas scored the abandonment of the rare by Mr. Howard in the nationwide fight for the Dyer Bill. He recalled that Howard wrote letters to Senator DuPont and other Senators, asking that no support be given the bill because the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was leading the fight for it. This letter, said Mr. Thomas, furnished a good reason for lack of action by Senators who were already lukewarm in attitude toward the Bill. Mr. Thomas charged that when the letter was discovered, to Mr. Howard's surprise, the latter was posing as a friend of the Bill. Being uncloaked by the unexpected publication of his letter, termed by him a "private letter," charged Mr. Thomas, the reply was made by Mr. Howard in a letter to the press and in a speech before the Y. M. C. A., was a series of evasions, mud-slinging and preposterous claims of having grown poorer in race service, and even implied that the DuPont letter was written by a helpless secretary. Continuing, Mr. Thom said: "I am truly glad that the Senate has on its permanent record the statesmanship of Revels, Bruce, Lynch, Rainy, Robert Brown Elliott, and other Negro political leaders of the Reconstruction, so that it can see that Perry Howard in no way interprets the splendid idealism of the Negro. Read the eloquent, learned and race-lovi speech of Robert Brown Elliott in the American Congress on Charles Sumner's last birthday, January 6, 1874, and compare it with the coarse groveling, demagogic rot of Perry Howard. Howard must remember that he holds no private position. He is in his high position in recognition of our existence and ballot in this country, hence he should be our ambassador to the court of power to tell these who dominate this country what the Negro wants. Instead he has flown in the face (on the sly, however, as he never expected to be found out) of the unanimous with and aspiration of the race he is supposed to represent. "My friends, don't think that this discovery will make any change in the spirit and loyalty of Perry Howard. It will simply make him more careful. After this he won't write; he will talk. Can he not see that the race is against him? When he entered this hall the other Sunday to explain himself there was not a single hand-clap in the vast audience, and Pickens' reply was frequently interrupted with thunderdus applause. "Thing of his alibi! He sayshis letter to the Senators was a private letter. A private letter written to big public men on a fundamental public issue. That alibi is as stupid as it is dishonest. He says again that his secretary wrote it. How false, yet his faithful, but helpless secretary must no say a word. "Let Perry Howard have his fine properties in Chicago, his plantations in Mississippi, his cash and fine position at our expense, but let us keep the faith of the fathers and submerge every selfish consideration in the single thought of service of our noble race. "Mr. Howard is certainly an enlightened leader. He told Senators not to pass the Anti-Lynching Bill because the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People as sponsor for it, and was leading the fight. In other words he said that he wanted his race, and even his own little children, exposed to the flames of the savage mob because our great organization was spending its soul and treasure in their defense. Yet this is the great organization which only this week stood before the Supreme Court of the United States in defense of the outraged victims of personal and judicial lynching in the benighted State of Arkansas. The learned lawyer, a devoted love of his fellow man, the Hon. Morehouse Storey secured a unanimous decision against residential segregation from this same tribunal four years ago without one cent's expense to the colored people. At this very hour he, as one of the most illustrious of Harvard's great alumni, is leading the fight against President Lowell's Ku Klux policy in that great seat of learning. Yet this is the organization, and this is the mighty man whose efforts to save our country Mr. Howard wants the Senate to ignore. "Even in this southern community we have been able to achieve many notable victories. Our devoted president and our able and vigilant executive secretary recently discovered two cases of peonage right here in the nation's capital and emancipated the victims. Our local branch has stood on the firing line for ten years securing better school facilities for your children, positions in the civil service for successful candidates whom the authorities were trying to keep out, the raising of insulting stigma in public places, and dozens of other victories over the southern spirit. It has fought many with out success yet, but we intend to keep in the fight until our city and our country are free from prejudice, and our fellow-countrymen considers the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments are as sacred as the 18th, and until they know that insistence upon one, and outrage upon anotherimperils our entire governmental structure." present and prepare for the future-- strife. "and I speak not as a radical, but as a conservative." Board of Overseers to Act. An interesting development following the publication of this corresponding is that the exclusion of young Bruce from the Freshman dormitories has never been acted upon by the Board of Overseers, one of the two governing boards of the institution. The other board, the Corporation, is composed of the President and Fellows. Joint action by both boards is required on all important matters and especially matters that represent the university's policy. Even though the Corporation has considered the Bruce matter, it is stated as a certainty that the Board of Overseers will take it up. Many of the most prominent men in the country, Harvard graduates, have declared against President Lowell's action. Rev. Dr. William Channing Gannett of Rochester said the proposed exclusion policy at Harvard would violate all her best traditions. Said he, "In its measure it would Jim Crow the college. It would show her siding with those disposed to increase rather than lessen the burden of birth of the colored people in our land." In absolute contradiction to President Lowell's assertion in his letter to Mr. Bruce that his ruling "is not a departure from the psta" comes the definite statement from President emeritus Charles W. Elliott, who was for forty years the active head of Harvard, that "such discriminations would violate very precious Harvard traditions." Former Pres. Elliot Protests. Dr. Elliot, now living in retirement at Cambridge, Mass., during whose presidency Harvard became recognized as standing preeminently for democratic ideals in education, spoke out in opposition to Lowell's action in the following telegram: "I am opposed to every form of racial discrimination in the universities of our heterogeneous democracy. Any such discrimination would violate very precious Harvard traditions." Capt. "Ham." Fish Denounces Exclusion One of the strongest protests against the action taken by President Lowell is contained in a letter written by Congressman Hamilton Fish of New York, who gave out on Monday last the text of a communication he had sent President Lowell. Congressman Fish, a graduate of Harvard, who served during the World War as a captain in New York's famous regiment of Negro soldiers, the "hellfighting 15th," (369th A. E. F. commanded by Col. "Bill" Hayward), denounced exclusion of Negroes from the freshmen dormitories as a stain on the university's tradition in his letter to President Lowell. Congressman Fish wrote: "The policy promulgated by you excluding from the freshman dormitories of Harvard all colored undergraduates contravenes, in my opinion, the traditions and ideals which have done so much to develop the greatness of our university as a seat of learning and as a liberal institution. "Your policy of exclu Supporters Gained in School Board Membership Drive Mrs. Mary Church Terrell and Baltimore Councilman Give Views TRADITION BLAMED FOR PARTIAL BODY [*Afro-American*] True Conditions Not Believed Known [*Oct 31 —01936*] Approval of the efforts of the Association for the Handicapped to secure a colored member on the Baltimore board of education was voiced this week by Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, former Washington school board member, and City Councilman Daniel Ellison, white. In a letter to Robert W. Coleman, manager of the association, Mrs. Terrell a resident of Washington, said in part: "In many sections where the majority of colored people live the schools provided for their children are often unsightly and dilapidated. Character Affected "The surroundings are utterly lacking in everything which would uplift them and cultivate their taste for cleanliness, order and beauty, while the conditions confronting them each day in school tend to deprive them of their self respect and seriously to affect their character. "The teachers in colored schools are often not sufficiently trained to render effective service, because the salaries paid to them are so low that those who could meet the proper requirements cannot afford to accept the positions offered. "A colored member on the board of education could call attention to the unfortunate and unfavorable condition of the schools which children of his group attends and could urge those in power to meet their needs. Value on Board "On account of tradition and custom, rather than any fixed purpose to handicap colored children, it is the consensus of opinion in many places that it is unnecessary to provide the same facilities for the education of colored children as are given the boys and girls of other groups. "A colored member of the board of education could present facts showing the inequitable conditions in the schools for the children of his group and there is no doubt that in many cases fair-minded members of the dominant race would remove them. "In a city like Baltimore where one sixth of the population is colored, it is only fair and just that this minority group should be represented on the board of education which directs the affairs of the schools which its children attend." Ellison Endorses Plan Questioned by Mr. Coleman, Councilman Ellison said in part: "Inasmuch as the colored group constitutes about one-sixth of the population of Baltimore, it would be only fair, equitable, and just that there should be colored representation on the governing body of the public school system. "Such representation would be in line with our form of representative government and our Constitutional guarantee." ANTI-LYNCHERS PLAN SEND-OFF [*1933*] WASHINGTON - A mass meeting to "send off" local delegates to the Eastern Conference Against Lynching will be held Friday, 8 p.m., at John Wesley A.M.E. Zion Church, 14th and Corcoran Street, northwest. The meeting is being held under the auspices of the Washington Provisional Committee Against Lynching, composed of Charles L. Houston, dean of Howard law school; George B. Murphy, Jr., of the Scottsboro Action Committee; B. V. Lawson, of the New Negro Alliance; Charles Spencer of the Communist Party; S. Ross and G. M. Price of the International Labor Defense. About 100 delegates from various labor organizations have been elected to attend the conference in Baltimore on November 18 and 19. The delegates will leave Washington Saturday morning in automobiles. The mass meeting Friday at John Wesley A.M.E. Zion Church will have as its main speakers, William L. Patterson, national secretary of the International Labor Defense; Bernard Ades, lawyer in the Euel Lee case; Mary Church Terrell, honorary president of the National Association of Colored Women, Dr. Mordecai Johnson, president of Howard University and Charles L. Houston, counsel in the George Crawford case. [*Washington Evening Star*] MRS. TERRELL SPEAKS AT CHICAGO MEETING [*Sept.12 - 1933 -*] Former D.C. School Board Member on Second Parliament of Religious Program. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, former member of the Board of Education and widow of Judge Robert H. Terrell, was a speaker last week at the second parliament of religions being held in conjunction with the Century of Progress Exposition at Chicago. Mrs. Terrell, who lives at 1615 S street, spoke on "Solving the Colored Woman's Problem." She was one of the first two women elected to serve on the Board of Education and held office for about 11 years. Her husband was for many years on the bench in Municipal Court. The religions parliament, which is called the World Fellowship of Faith's, is the second convention of its kind ever held in this country. The first conclave of this sort was held at the World's Fair in 1893. The program, which opened August 27 to run through September 17, lists speakers of all faiths from many countries. [*Afro-American Dec. 16 - 1933*] Lynchers are Not Christians, Mrs. Terrell Tells Council WASHINGTON - Prefacing her remarks with "I am a colored woman, as you can see," Mary Church Terrell told the Federal Council of Churches, meeting here last week, that the answer to Bishop Gregg's speech, "What is Required for a Spiritual Advance in the Relation of the Churches to the Race Problem." was simple. She said, "It is simply to follow the tenets of the Christian religion and love they neighbor as thyself. Church Fails. Pointing out that the failure of the Christian Church to strike out boldly for justice has caused colored youth to turn from the church. She continued: "I wonder whether the good white Christians realize how skeptical they are making our young colored boys and girls who are going to college and learning to use their brains? Youth Wonder. "I could not go forth from this conference unless I said that the attitude of the Christian Church toward lynching and the injustices perpetrated against the colored people is such that colored youth are wondering whether they can put any faith in it at all." Mrs. Terrell said she had been often asked by these youngsters what her attitude was toward those whites who profess Christianity yet lynch and segregate colored people. Said she: "This was my reply: "There are still Christians among the white people in the land. We have colored schools built by white Christians. But those who cause lynchings are not Christians, and if they thought they were, then I wouldn't want to be a Christian." MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL Not a Bad Record for a Boy. From the New York Sun. Does the senator think that somebody in the War Department thought he was a member of the Sixtieth Ohio?--Senator Tillman to Senator Foraker. The question implies dense ignorance on the part of the War Department. The record of such a pertinacious defender of the rights of enlisted men as Joseph Benson Foraker was naturally looked up, and it was learned that at sixteen he joined the 89th Ohio Infantry, was made a sergeant August 26, 1862; a first lieutenant March 14, 1864, and on, March 19, 1865, was brevetted captain "for efficient services during the campaigns in North Carolina and Georgia." At the close of the war Capt. Foraker was serving as aid-de-camp upon the staff of Gen. Henry W. Slocum. Not a Bad war record for a boy, and it explains the senator's interest in the fortunes of the men in the ranks. Southern Railroad Oct 27 '28 Pays Passenger Ejected From Train New York.--Arthur Garfield Hays, who was associated with Clarence Darrow in the famous Sweet case, now reports another important victory in the case of Mrs. Blanche Brookins, who has just recovered $2,750 from the Atlantic Court Line Railroad, following her expulsion in July of last year [?] a Pullman car at Palatka, Florida. This case emphasizes [?] passengers in interstate traffic are not subject to the [????]-crow regulations of Southern states without equal accommodations being furnished by the railroad. The case first same to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in July, 1927, and the N.A.A.C. P. paid $100 for the taking of testimony in Florida and asked Mr. Hays to handle the case. It was conteded by Mrs. Brookins that she had purchased a Pullman ticket from New York to Orlando, Florida, and that at Jacksonville, the conductor told her to go into the jim-crow car. She refused, and further contends that the conductor telegraphed ahead to Palatka where two officers took her from the train and put her in jail. She was kept there all night and next day fined $500 and costs. Mr. Hays, after carrying the case to court, reported that the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad had offered a settlement which Mrs. Brookins agreed to accept. Wednesday, July 20, 1927. "AMERICA'S ALL WRONG." Public men and newspapers whose habit is to find fault with everything done by the United States Government in dealing with Mexico and Central America are finding it difficult to condemn the valor of the American marines. These critics dare not go quite so far as to join hands with some of the loud-mouthed agitators who are making the Pan-American Federation of Labor conference a sounding board for their ravings. The officials of the American Federation of Labor will be fortunate if their association with the anti-American elements in this conference does not bring down severe public criticism. The New York World, which seems to resent the defeat of the Mexican conspiracy in Nicaragua, refers to the bandit Sandino as if he were a patriot who had been overwhelmed by American invaders. It makes no reference to the fact that he had seized an American-owned [?] and committed other acts of banditry. "The army of Gen. Sandino," says the World, "refused to surrender its arms despite repeated warnings. Preparations were therefore made by the Marine Corps for an attack on Sandino's headquarters." These headquarters were in the mine in question, taken from an American citizen who was threatened with death by the bandits. The Baltimore Sun, on the other hand, accepts the report that the Sandino bandits had seized an American mine and that they, and not the American marines, were the aggressors in the fight at Ocotal. But the Sun thinks, nevertheless that "something is wrong," and it concludes that it is the United States, of course, that is wrong. "All the explanations in the world of our good faith will not remove the scorn that will be ours in Latin-America and elsewhere because of this tragedy." Evidently the Sun thinks it would have been better if the American marines had acquiesced in Sandino's program, which he epitomized by proclaiming that he would "drink the Yankees' blood." Neither the New York World nor the Baltimore Sun has a word of praise for the bravery of the Americans; but it is noted that neither journal casts aspersions upon them. If the United States is "all wrong," why do not these critics come out boldly and attack the Marine Corps for its massacre of Sandino's patriots? THE SERVANT QUESTION. Complaints of the housewife notwithstanding, the Department of Labor says that there [?] no shortage in the supply of domestic servants, even though there may be a shortage of efficient workers. The real difficulty, it adds, lies in the fact that both native American and foreign-born women prefer other means of earning a living, and for the past 50 years there has been a decline in the proportion of the population engaged in domestic labor. From these statements one gathers that although there is no shortage in the possible supply, even the department is forced to admit that there is a reduction in the actual number thus engaged. No one wants to be a domestic servant these days, just as no one wants to work on the farm. What is to be done? Since industry offers larger pay, shorter hours and more congenial employment, who is to wait on those who can not serve themselves, and who is to cook for those whose knowledge of the kitchen is severely limited? One answer lies in the present tendency to abandon housekeeping. The apartment, which has replaced the home, can be taken care of by the "lady of the house," and meals may be obtained either from the delicatessen or in a table d'hote restaurant. This mode of living will have to be expanded still further as the years go by, unless some way may be found to win women back into domestic service. SOUTHERN OUTRAGES. The opportunity now exists in two Southern States for the citizens to demonstrate whether or not they wish to stamp out the lawlessness of masked mobs. Bills have been introduced in the legislatures of Georgia and Alabama to provide adequate punishment for floggers, or those who threaten to resort to such force. Prison sentences ranging from five to twenty years are included as a deterrent to those who seek through the lash to take the law into their own hands. Reports within the last few weeks have told of instances where masked bands have flogged twenty helpless citizens in Georgia, Alabama and Florida. In the majority of cases the victims were white men and women. The fancied crimes covered a wide range. The most outrageous case was revealed in Alabama, where a negro was flogged to force his acceptance of a disadvantageous real estate transaction. There has so far been only one conviction. Prosecution in several cases has either not begun or abandoned after a few feeble gestures. "There is what may prove to be a hopeful sign in the very number of the flogging cases that have been brought to light recently. Julian Harris, editor of the Columbus Enquirer-Sun, who personally and through his sounding board for their ravings. The officials of the American Federation of Labor will be fortunate if their association with the anti-American elements in this conference does not bring down severe public criticism. The New York World, which seems to resent the defeat of the Mexican conspiracy in Nicaragua, refers to the bandit Sandino as if he were a patriot who had been overwhelmed by American invaders. It makes no reference to the fact that he had seized an American-owned mine and committed other acts of banditry. "The army of Gen. Sandino," says the World, "refused to surrender its arms despite repeated warnings. Preparations were therefore made by the Marine Corps for an attack on Sandino's headquarters." These headquarters were in the mine in question, taken from an American citizen who was threatened with death by the bandits. The Baltimore Sun, on the other hand, accepts the report that the Sandino bandits had seized an American mine and that they, and not the American marines, were the aggressors in the fight at Ocotal. But the Sun thinks, nevertheless, that "something is wrong," and it concludes that it is the United States, of course, that it is wrong. "All the explanations in the world of our good faith will not remove the scorn that will be ours in Latin-America and elsewhere because of this tragedy. Evidently the Sun thinks it would have been better if the American marines had acquiesced in Sandino's program, which he epitomized by proclaiming that he would "drink the Yankees' blood." Neither the New York World nor the Baltimore Sun has a word of praise for the bravery of the Americans; but it is noted that neither journal casts aspersions upon them. If the United States is "all wrong," why do not these critics come out boldly and attack the Marine Corps for its massacre of Sandino's patriots? THE SERVANT QUESTION. Complaints of the housewife notwithstanding, the Department of Labor says that there no shortage in the supply of domestic servants, even though there may be a shortage of efficient workers. The real difficulty, it adds, lies in the fact that both native American and foreign-born women prefer other means of earning a living, and for the past '50 years there has been a decline in the proportion of the population engaged in domestic labor. From these statements one gathers that although there is no shortage in the possible supply, even the department is forced to admit that there is a reduction in the actual number thus engaged. No one wants to be a domestic servant these days, just as no one wants to work on a farm. What is to be done? Since industry offers larger pay, shorter hours and more congenial employment, who is to wait on those who can not serve themselves, and who is to cook for those whose knowledge of the kitchen is severely limited? One answer lies in the present tendency to abandon housekeeping. The apartment, which has replaced the home, can be taken care by the "lady of the house," and meals may be obtained either from the delicatessen or in a table d'hote restaurant. This mode of living will have to be expanded still further as the years go by, unless some way may be found to win women back into domestic service. SOUTHERN OUTRAGES. The opportunity now exists in to Southern States for the citizen to demonstrate whether or not they wish to stamp out the lawlessness of masked mobs. Bills have been introduced in the legislatures of Georgia and Alabama to provide adequate punishment for floggers, or those who threaten to resort to such force. Prison sentences ranging from five to twenty years are included as a deterrent to those who seek through the lash to take the law into their own hands. Reports within the last few weeks have told of instances where masked bands have flogged twenty helpless citizens in Georgia, Alabama and Florida. In the majority of cases the victims were white men and women. The fancied crimes covered a wide range. The most outrageous case was revealed in Alabama, where a negro was flogged to force his acceptance of a disadvantageous real estate transaction. There has so far been only one conviction. Prosecution in several cases has either not been begun or abandoned after a few feeble gestures. There is what may prove to be a hopeful sign in the very number of the flogging cases that have been brought to the light recently. Julian Harris, editor of the Columbus Enquirer-Sun, who personally and through his 10 ESTABLISHED 1836 PUBLIC LEDGER GEORGE W. CHILDS Editor and Proprietor from 1864 to 1894 PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY CYRUS H. K. CURTIS, President John C. Martin, Vice President and Treasurer: Charles A. Tyler, Secretary: Charles H. 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PENNSYLVANIA STATION GRAND CENTRAL STATION 72D & BROADWAY 86TH & BROADWAY, N. W. 91ST & BROADWAY, N. W. 91ST & BROADWAY, S. E. 94TH & BROADWAY, N. W. 96TH & BROADWAY, S. E. 116TH & BROADWAY, N. E. FORT LEE FERRY Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper, and also the local news published therein. All rights of republication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. INTER-RACIAL CONTACTS A CONFERENCE of educators, held in this city on Friday of last week, dealt with a subject fraught with deepest concern not alone to those to whom the conduct of our schools is committed but to all thoughtful people who recognize the tremendous import of proper inter-racial contacts upon the future well-being and peace of this Nation. Small in numbers though it was, it brought together for counsel and exchange of views leading schoolmen and women, including Dr. 'Finegan, head of the State educational system; leading teachers and school superintendents from New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Maryland, the District of Columbia, from all the nearby counties of Pennsylvania and from leading colleges and private schools in and near Philadelphia. The University of Pennsylvania designated one of its faculty to represent it. But there was one conspicuous absentee. The public school system of Philadelphia took no part in the deliberations of the conference and contributed nothing to the solution of one of the gravest social problems awaiting solution today. This city has in its permanent population upward of 100,000 Negroes, a race keen for educational advantages and justly jealous of the place allotted to it in the public school system for the training of its young. It is a matter of surprise and regret that members of the Board of Education and the administrative authorities of the Philadelphia public schools had not enough interest in or the courage to formulate and defend a policy of action in this vitally important matter. Already there are issues pressing for a decision in the Philadelphia schools, including the troublesome and delicate question of segregation; and these will not be solved wisely and justly by evading or by ignoring them. The conviction is deepening among those who have had the courage to face the facts that if intolerance and injustice and prejudice are to be eliminated, if the white and colored races are to live side by side in peace and harmony, a beginning will have to be made with the children. And, of course, the obvious place to begin is in the schools, by the banishment of one-sided, misleading and unfair instruction about the races and their relative contributions to civilization and to the world's progress. The time has passed when distrust and antagonism can be swept away merely by concessions, as it were, from high to low. This must be the co-operation, less done "for the Negro" by the whites and more "by the Negroes" for themselves and for the mutual well-being of the whole community. These were some of the high lights of the discussions of the conference just held, and the fact that it resulted in a determination to follow its effort in the not distant future with another gathering in which educators of both races shall meet on a common ground, frankly to discuss their hopes and difficulties and labors, should be a great encouragement to all who look for a solution of our racial problems on a foundation of justice and mutual understanding and good will. Not the least matter for satisfaction in the work of this conference was the broad and advanced position taken by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Dr. Finegan. It is to be hoped that when the next forward step is taken in this vital matter the Philadelphia public schools will not be indifferent or voiceless. [*Thursday Sept 21- 1922*] PROTEST HOLDS UP COLORED BEACH JOB Committee Asks War Department to Reconsider Potomac River Location. [*Evening Star*]- Vigorous protests have been made to the War Department against the establishment of the colored bathing beach, for which Congress appropriated $25,000 on Columbus Island, opposite the agricultural experimental station, on the Arlington reservation. Col. Sherrill, the engineer officer in charge of public buildings and grounds, had selected a small are at the eastern end of the island as the site of the bathing beach. Building operations were started during the summer, but discontinued because of the opposition of colored men and women. A committee, consisting of R. M. Nixon, Dr. Emmet Scott, Dr. Creed Childs, Rev. Emory Smith and Mrs. Terrell, had a conference with Secretary Weeks at the War Department yesterday afternoon on the subject. They represented that Columbia Island was practically inaccessible and otherwise unsuitable for the purpose. Outside of its distance from this city, it was stated that it could be utilized only by the operation of a ferry from the Virginia shore. It was suggested by the committee that in view of the long water front of the city and the large area of the tidal basin, it ought not to be difficult to find a more suitable place for the beach than the Virginia shore. Secretary Weeks, who has final jurisdiction, said he would give the question full consideration and see that the colored people were protected in their rights in the matter. If he's married you can't tell whether he smokes a pipe because he is an out-door man, or is an out-door man because he smokes a pipe.-Steubenville (Ohio) Herald Star. U. S. Moral State Shocks Zulu Prince [*Feb. 19-1923*] Special to The Washington Post. Chicago, Feb. 16.--Prince Bullawa Cetewayo, of Zululand, arrived in Chicago today for a short visit. It did not take him long to discover that moral laxity is pronounced here. "I think your standards are far too loose," he said. "Maybe the flapper is responsible. We do not have flappers in Zululand. "My country is almost as thoroughly civilized as America. Most Zulus go to church on Sunday. And morally we are the finest land in the world. Social diseases were unknown until foreigners brought them in, and there is little now. Commercialized vice is unknown." CONSOLIDATED BUREAUS CHICAGO U S A SOUTHWEST DIVISION KANSAS CITY WICHITA FALLS TEX. RECORD MAY 15, 1929 M2Y NEGROES OUST DIXIE SOLONS De Priest 'Party' Causes Change of Cafe Special to The Record News. WASHINGTON, May 14. --The presence of Representative Oscar DePriest, negro congressman from Chicago, as host to a number of dusky guests in the house restaurant yesterday has created something of a furore among the southern Democrats, particularly the members from Texas. To make the mix-up worse, Mrs. Ruth McCormick congresswoman from Illinois, was seen to greet her dusky colleague and even sat beside him for a time. Mrs. McCormick has announced herself as a candidate for the senate next year and the negro vote in Chicago, practically all Republican, is considerable. Several of the Texas members, headed by Representative J. J. Mansfield, have vowed they will no longer patronize the house restaurant but will cross to the other side of the capitol and eat in the senate cafe. In the case of Congressman Mansfield this is a particular hardship as he must make the journey in a wheel chair. Even if they continue to patronize the senate cafe, however, there is no assurance that the Texans will escape embarrassment for as a full flodged member of congress DePriest has the same right to avail himself of the privilege to eat at the senate cafe as they have. In the end it may be necessary to restore the privilege formerly accorded members of serving their luncheon in the party cloak room and which was discontinued on the score that the food could not be handled in a sanitary manner. If fails they may have to fall on lunch baskets. Washington Post April 11 - 1948 Difficulties In Army Nonsegregation Educational records show that in general there is a substantial correlation between the education and the Army grade of enlisted men. It is common knowledge, borne out by statistical records, that the educational level of Negro troops is substantially lower than that of white troops. What would happen if segregation were abolished? The answer is obvious: the better educational background of the white soldiers would enable them to earn and hold a far greater number of non- commissioned ratings than they would otherwise receive according to the law of average. The certainty that this would happen can be attested to by former officers like the writer who have seen at firsthand how considerably more efficient are white noncommissioned officers than Negro noncommissioned officers holding comparable positions. If nonsegregation would result in Negro soldiers not faring as well with respect to noncommissioned ratings, there is yet another basic objection to nonsegregation. This is the friction which would develop between the white and Negro troops forced to live together in mixed units. It is unnecessary to go into the historical and social factors involved in the race problem. Suffice it to say that because of these factors the Negro soldier differs to a considerable degree from the white soldier in his interests, habits and outlook. The forced association of men so different in background, interests, habits and outlook would result in great and continuing friction. It is significant that even in the North, which is supposedly free of prejudice, friction has developed between whites and Negroes as the number of the latter has increased in the past few years. During the war just ended there was much friction between white and Negro troops not attributable to any material advantages possessed by one group. Is it reasonable to believe that forced association will engender friction? These are not the only problems which would arise upon abolition of segregation. There would be the problem of discontent which would certainly follow the appointment of white soldiers to the great majority of noncommissioned [?atings]. Many Negro soldiers, accustomed and sensitive to race discrimination outside of the Army, would find bias where it actually did not exist. Unit commanders would be faced with a ticklish task in selecting noncommissioned officers without subjecting themselves to charges of bias. Another problem would be that of colored officers; presumably they would be assigned to these mixed units. How would white troops react to serving under them? The idea of having experimental mixed units is a good one. If they were made up of men picked at random they should certainly go a long way in proving the nonfeasibility of nonsegregation. Have any experimental units of average white and Negro troops been created? If so, have such units been staffed and operated as similar units where segregation exists? The writer has yet to learn of any experimental units meeting those requirements. BARON P. JENKS Crozet, Va. The Evening Star Feb 18 - 1948 Wallace Hits Truman 'Failure' to Fight for Civil Rights Program Former Vice President Henry A. Wallace spurred on a racial discrimination protest conference, closing here today, by accusing the Truman Administration of failure to fight for a civil rights program, which, he said, kept the Democratic Party in power. He told more than 1,000 delegates at a rally in the Metropolitan Baptist Church, 1225 R street N.W., last night that the Republican Party shares responsibility for non-enactment of civil rights measures and for unsuccessful moves to tighten the Senate cloture rule. His own Progressive Party, on whose ticket he ran for President, will "not rest" until such bills become law and until there is "full integration of the Negro people into American life," he said. All-Day Schedule. The session at which Mr. Wallase was principal speaker climaxed an all-day schedule of talks on civil rights problems and delegation interviews with governmental and congressional officials. On the program with Mr. Wallace were Senator Langer, Republican, of North Dakota; former Assistant Attorney General O. John Rogge and Perry W. Howard, Washington attorney. The delegates from 15 States were to conclude their sessions late today after panel discussions, particularly on segregation and discrimination in the District. They also were to adopt an "action program" in behalf of civil rights measures in Congress and elimination of discriminatory practices in Government and community life. A prolonged demonstration, including cries of "We want Wallace" greeted the former Vice President when he arrived at the church auditorium while Dr. Finley Wilson, conference chairman, was making a keynote address. Langer Reads Address. Before Mr. Wallace spoke, Senator Langer read a Lincoln Day address he described as "frankly Republican." The North Dakota Senator said the Republican Party will celebrate its "most hopeful Lincoln's Birthday in many years because it is about to become again the party of the common people of Lincoln. It is a good sign when Republicans begin to blame themselves instead of the voters for the defeat last November, Senator Langer commented. He invited Mr. Wallace to return to the Republican fold "now that the COP has begun to stop worshiping false gods." Mr. Wallace, declaring that the United States cannot survive "half free and half Jim Crow," charged that "the President perpetuates segregation in the Army." The bipartisan foreign policy, Mr. Wallace asserted has not been effectively "exporting democracy." He added that "no government that fails to practice democracy at home can be expected to export it abroad." Unable to See Group. Mr. Howard referred to the inability of delegates to get an appointment with President Truman yesterday. Dr. Wilson earlier gave out a White House letter saying the President's many duties at this time prevented him from seeing the group. Mr. Howard called this "inconsistent" in view of the President's advocacy of a civil rights program. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, of Washington, told the delegates that "we colored people in the District need your help as much as the Negroes in Mississippi." She said she has heard complaints that Communists might take part in the conference. She had no sympathy with communism, she said, but added that "a person in the United States has as much right to be a Communist as I have to be a Republican." C. B. Baldwin, secretary of the Progressive Party, presided at a late afternoon session. Star - Dec. 21 1948 Civil Rights Congress Buttonholes Officials, Asks Political Action A delegation of colored representatives from liberal groups, assembled by the Civil Rights Congress, today was calling on Congressional and executive department officials to ask that the new Congress implement Democratic election promises on civil rights. Heading the delegation was William L. Patterson of New York City, national executive secretary of the Civil Rights Congress, an organization which has been labeled by the Justice Department as Communist dominated. The group met first in the office of Representative Marcantonio of the American Labor Party, New York. Leaders held a brief press conference expressing their views. They planned to call later at the Justice Department for a conference at 2 p.m. with Alexander M. Campbell, Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Criminal Division. This afternoon they expected to see David Niles, a presidential secretary. Mrs. Mary Church Terrell of this city, in a statement, praised the recent report of the National Committee on Segregation in the District of Columbia. "Every word of the report is true," said Mrs. Terrell, who was the first president of the national Association of Colored Women and a former member of the District Board of Education. She said she was "amazed" that three-fourths of the United States has "allowed itself to be completely dominated" by one-fourth, the South. "That's the reason why the United States is not a democracy," she declared. The delegation planned to ask the Justice Department to move for dismissal of indictments against national leaders of the Communist Party now pending in New York. Frederick W. Mever Dies: [*Washington Post May 13 - 1948*] Church Calls Segregation 'Will of God' Columbus, S.C., May 12 (AP) — Total race segregation is "the will of God" and must be maintained, the general conference of the Southern Methodist Church declared today. Delegated from six Southern States adopted a resolution outlining the view, making it "part and parcel of the discipline of he church." The church is composed of congregations that refused to join in the union of Northern and Southern Methodist churches several years ago. Membership is estimated at 6000. The resolution said, "We are ever mindful of our obligations to all races of people, and in particular to the Negro race for its spiritual betterment and for our leadership of these people toward Christ within their own race structure. "The Almighty God saw fit, in His infinite wisdom, to segregate the races in the beginning and we earnestly believe that the will of God (will) be best served by continuation of the total segregation of the black and white races." Presbyterian Groups To Consider Reunion Philadelphia, May 12 (AP)—A plan of reunion between the Presbyterian Church in the U.S. A. and the Presbyterian Church in the U.S will be placed before the respective general assemblies of the two churches. The general assembly of the U.S.A. church is scheduled to meet at Seattle and the general assembly of the U.S. church at Atlanta, both May 27-June 2. If the plan of reunion is approved by the two assemblies and is then passed by three fourths of the presbyteries of the churches, it will be ratified by the assemblies of 1950 and the first general assembly of the reunited church will be held in 1951. The U.S. A. church has 2,400,000 members and the U.S. church 600,000. Finds Prejudice in Statement. [*Evening Star - May 3, 49*] To the Editor of The Star: Health Officer George C. Ruhland recently testified in the District Commissioner's hearings on local slum conditions: "What we need is an education program for colored people —prompted by themselves—to show them that they are better off with elbow room and a place to grow greens." It is cause for grave concern that such prejudice should be contained in a public statement made by a public servant. Apart from obvious failings of logic, Dr. Ruhland's pronouncements reflect scant regard for dietetic and sociological knowledge. The final phrase of his quoted statement manifests a prejudice intolerable in a public servant (and unthinkable in a physician who, by oath, is dedicated to healing the ills of humankind). Dr. Ruhland's suggestion that Negroes leave the South and cone to Washington (and to other cities) in search of better jobs and higher living standards is true. To the Negro who leaves the South, Washington, discriminatory as it is, offers a haven of relative safety and security. Any job on a cash salary is better than the virtual peonage which most Negroes know in the South. Southern claims of "being kind to their Negroes" notwithstanding. Washington, however, has made no realistic effort to provide for the basic needs of its increased Negro population. Instead it has attempted to compress that increase into well-defined covenanted areas. The effort has not been successful. Dr. Ruhland feels, and rightly so, that "low cost housing is merely a temporary escape that will eventually create another slum problem." Such an effort, would, at best, offer only temporary and partial solution. What Dr. Ruhland does not seem to realize, however, and what is submerged in emotional considerations of this question is this—the northward hegira of Negroes is not a cause but an effect. It is one end product of the denial throughout America of the rights and privileges of democracy to Negroes. WILLARD SAVOY. Lt. U.S.A.F. THE Pittsburgh Courier AMERICA'S BEST WEEKLY 28 SATURDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1949 UN Hears Protest Lash Ingram Case Mary Church Terrell Leads Big Delegation A delegation of representatives women and organization leaders supporting the National Committee to Free the Ingram Family were at Flushing Meadows and Lake Success last week to witness the presentation of a brief on the case of Mrs. Rosa Lee Ingram, mother, who is serving a life sentence in a Georgia prison. Two of Mrs. Ingram's young sons are also serving life sentence because she attempted to defend her honor during an attack by a white farmer Nov 4, 1947. Mrs. Ingram's two son, Wallace, 16, and Samuel Lee Ingram, were sentenced at the same time their their mother was given the death verdict later commuted in life. The delegation was led by Mrs. Mary Terrell of Washington, who is chairman of the National Ingram Committee with Mrs. Maude White Katz, executive administrative secretary of the committee; Dr. Gene Weltfish of Columbia University, together with Mary Ellen Shadd, president of R A Chapter Club, a member of the Odd fellows, Household of Ruth Lodge and the NAACP of Milwaukee, Irene Henreque, office secretary. There were seventy-five sponsors and supporters present with officials of the committee. Mrs. Terrell presented the Ingram brief to Mme. Nydral, acting in behalf of Secretary Lie. The Ingram brief was prepared by Dr. W. E. B. DuBois Mrs. Terrell spoke briefly on the denial of human rights involved in the Ingram case. Seventy-five people were present when Mrs. Katz, e executive administrative secretary of the National Committee to free the Ingram Family, introduced Mrs. Terrell to Mme. Nyrdal. Mrs. Terrell then proceeded in a brilliant and well conducted manner vibrating the feeling of millions of Negro and white women, outstanding of church, schools and other institutions, that Mrs. Ingram and all the Negro mothers as well as other women are entitled to respect and that Mrs. Ingram's case should be discussed by delegations of various countries at the UN Assembly. It was urged that the case be brought to the floor of the Assembly and that the United States delegation and members of the Commissions on Human Rights, headed by Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, take immediate steps to effect the immediate freedom of Mrs. Ingram, mother of fourteen children, from the foul and inhuman prison in Georgia. 4 THE COLORED AMERICAN, WASHINGTON, D.C. HON. WILLIAM. D. DALY Who Alone Represents the Democrats of New Jersey in the Lower House and Whose Friends ads not Confined to one Party nor to one Race. Hon. William D. Daly, the lone Democrat from the State of New Jersey, is said to be the best criminal lawyer on the Democratic side of the House. Certainly there is none more clever than he. Everybody from Jersey seems to know Judge Daly, and he tries to see everybody from his State who may call upon him. He is very popular with the colored voters of his [sketch] HON. WILLIAM D. DALY. district and state, and if it were left to them to defeat the Judge for a reelection then his chances are very bright. Judge Daly made a speech on the Gage Resolution and fairly took the House by storm. He could easily have been heard at the Eastern Branch on a clear day. It was a brilliant speech and everybody listened to him, and at its conclusion the House rung with this treaty called the "San ???? Convention," guaranteed to the people "the right to manage thier own affairs and to govern themselves according to their own laws," as a free nation. Virtually establishing Boer independence in the Transvaal, precisely similar to what the British did with its American colonies when it recognized the United States of America. Both rival Dutch presidents—Pretorius and Potgietes— died the following year, and Pretorius' son was proclaimed first president of the united "Dutch African Republic." Next year (1854) Herman Potgietes and his family were murdered, presumably by Boers; and thereafter Pretorius invaded the Orange Free State, but a treaty of peace was made between the Orange Free State and the Transvaal Republic on June 1, 1857, whereby wach agreed to govern itself free of the other. However, when Great Britain recognized the independence of the Pretorius Transvaal Republic in 1852, the treaty specially stipulated, to which the Boers agreed, in return of their independence, that slavery should absolutely be abolished, and should not be permitted or practiced in any form whatsoever. But this condition was afterward set aside by the Boers, because black children were for years afterward kidnapped and trained to work in the Boer fields, had their price, and as little protected as any other livestock. When the British represented to the Boer government this deviation of the treaty, a law was passed in 1856, instituting instead what the government called the "ap COL. JAMES L. GOODALL. President of the Afro American Republican League of Pennsylvania. Among the prominent visitors at the Capital City is Hon. James L. Goodall, chairman of the Executive Committee of the Afro-American Republican League of Pennsylvania. This is the [photograph] COL. JAMES L. GOODALL. strongest political organization in the Keystone State; its membership, composed entirely of colored men, is an influential factor in the political activity of "The Banner Republican Commonwealth." Mr. Goodall has held his present important post in that organization for the past six years, and for the past three years has been elected by acclamation. This fact alone attests his popularity, as he is an uncompromising friend of "Judge" Durham, Senator Quay's most trusted leader and senator Boles Penrose, and the League is almost equally divided in it s political sentiment between the Quayites and the anti-Quayites. Mr. Good- [?] casion of mone of the most delightful entertainments of the season, when Miss Ada Matthews of Massachusetts Avenue, n.w., was "at home" in honor of Mr. Walter G. Stewart. The rooms and hallway were beautiful with flowers and decorations while the flood of radiant light shone upon a merry company. Dancing and other diversions were enjoyed interrupted only by the repast at 12 o'clock. The guests were escorted to the dining room where the profusion of delicacies were enjoyed amidst the sound of merry laughter and pleasant conversation. Among those present were the Misses Carrie Butler, Ida Weedeman, Messrs. Laurence Williams, J. Cornelle Waters, Theo. Carroll, Edward Syphax, Peters, Clarence Jackson, Charles Matthews, William Paine and Jesse Dawater. Mr. Stewart leaves the city in a few days. A Righteous Boycott. The colored citizens of Atlanta, Ga. are resenting in a substantial manner the indignity which is heaped upon them by the local street car corporations which require them to take back seats. They have declared a boycott against these companies. It is estimated that the loss to their receipts will be about $1,100 per week. Mr. Charles W. Hare, editor of "The News," Tuskegee, Ala, was a visitor in the city this week. He is also Land Commissioner for Tuskegee Institute and speaks in glowing terms of Mr. Washington and of his work. [?] men to make the surprise more complete. No one was injured on either side. Our capture consisted of 150 prisoners including 8 officers, 200 Remington and Mauser rifles 10,000 rounds of ammunition, 50 ponies, 20 bull carts and bulls, a great quantity of rice and sugar. Distroyed a reloading outfit, after which the battalion started on the returned march. The Manilla papers spoke of the capture of O'Donnell as nearly equaling Washingtons surprise of the Hessians at Trenton. FROM BAMBAN TO THE COAST. Our commanding officer, was ordered by division commander to send the 1st battalion from Bamban to several towns of importance on the coast of the China Sea, a distance of 75 miles overland. Accordingly we left Bamban Dec. 3rd, 10:45 a.m. After for days of difficult marching and climbing over a very precipitous range of mountains known as the Zambales, we arrived before Botolan on the afternoon of Dec. 8th. The scouts having informed our Battalion Commander Captain O'Niel concerning the nature of the country ahead, we began the advance upon town, nothing occurred until within 900 yards of their line, at this point they poured volley after volley in our direction, but without effect. We continued the advance without firing until within 400 yards of them, at this point the boys made things very hot indeed, the insurgents began to falter. We began our advance now by rushes that is a part kneeling to fire while the others advance under the cover of the same successively. When nition, ponies and a large quantity of rice, sugar, etc. Company F left town about 11:30 a.m., after having cooked breakfast and returned to Botolan, where the remained until joined by rest of battalion, Dec. 11, 6 a.m. The entire command immediately started for Subig, a distance of 32 miles principally along the coast. After having passed through 17 barrios, or small towns, we arrived in Subig. December 12th at 7 o'clock p.m. Remaining here a few days, returned to Botolan December 20th, were relieved the following morning by M company, and sent to garrison Iba. On the morning of January 6th, 1900, Iba was attacked by 800 bolo and 600 rifle-men, making a grand total of 1400. The insurgents surrounded town, leaving the road leading to the sea open, giving us a chance to retreat, but we, however, being strongly positioned, cared not for the opportunity. One of our outposts was cut off and were compelled to hide in the grass until after night. Five o'clock sharp they began firing from all sides, we were quartered in church, jail and warehouse, forming a triangle. They attacked scouts in warehouses but were repulsed again and again. Those who were in rear of jail gave yell after yell and their trumpeter blowed "the charge," but instead of the charge being made at this point, those who were about 400 yards south of this position charged the church expecting to catch us unawares, but were driven back quickly. The firing kept steadily on until daybreak and when it (Continued next week.) [advertisements] All Gloves Fitted to the hand and Kept in Repair for one Year. "OPENING" of Spring Gloves. For Ladies, Misses and Men. We desire to announce that or New Spring Gloves are now ready - comprising all styles, in the latest "proper" shades of tan, brown, gray, &c., &c. - for street and evening wear - as well as "proper" Gloves for Golf, Riding, Driving, Bicycling, and other athletic sports. Prices range from $1 up. Our prices are invariably the very lowest, for the reason that we are direct importers and manufacturers - thus you save the jobber's profit when you buy of us. Gloves cleaned by Our New French Process. 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The ever memorable World's Fair congresses of 1893, one recalls, were the focussing of all the great woman's progressive movements, of which the church, missionary, temperance and suffrage organizations were t he advance heralds, One had only to peer into the crowded auditorium, in which the recent Washington meetings convened, to get a realizing sense of the fact that the suffrage cause is the impelling force of all the rest. How best [sketch] MARY CHURCH TERRELL. to secure for women the rights of citizenship for the purpose of pressing these movements will always be preeminent in the minds of thoughtful women until the problem has been settled in the right way. A remarkable feature of the convention was the number of pioneers in attendance. But the speakers, it is to be noted, were, as a rule, young women, and many made their debut at this time on the national suffrage forum. Among these there was no more interesting personality than Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, president of the National Association of Colored Women, an Oberlin graduate and a highly cultivated orator, whose time is almost wholly devoted to work among her rave, of which she is a noble and inspiring example Mrs. Terrell, it is pertinent to note, was the first colored woman to be made trustee of Washington schools. Perhaps the most striking and concise statement of the whole session was uttered when she declared during her impressive address on "The Justice of Woman Suffrage:" "The founders of this republic called heaven and earth to witness that it should be a government of the people, for the people and by the people; and yet the elective franchise is withheld form one half of the citizens, many of whom are intelligent, cultured and virtuous, while it is unstintingly bestowed upon the other , some of whom are illiterate, debauched and vicious, because the word 'people' by an unparalleled exhibition of lexicographical acrobats, has been turned and twisted to mean all who are shrewd and wise enough to have themselves born boys instead of girls, or who took the trouble to be born white instead of black. The argument that it is unnatural for women to vote is as old as the rock ribbed hills. Whatever is unusual is called unnatural the world over. When the world takes a step forward in progress, some old custom falls dead at our feet. Nothing should be more unnatural than that a good woman should shirk her duty to the State, if it were possible for her to discharge it." That was a notable message, too, given by a young woman lawyer of New York, Gail Laughlin, who powerfully and eloquently depicted the conditions of wage-earners and the uplifting effect that the right to the ballot would have in equalizing industrial conditions and opportunities. Suffrage is not a magic wand, she thoughtfully said, but a golden gate to opportunity. The influence of politics on woman's work in philanthropy was clearly and ably set forth by Mrs. Isabel Barrows. That educational freedom is hampered by the lack of political freedom was the point well taken by Miss Harriet May Mills, who aptly declared that education has not come because women wanted it, and that every college-bred women owes a debt of gratitude to the suffrage movement. "A full-fledged sovereign of the United States," Mrs. Mary Bradford of Colorado, presented a masterly address on "The Social Transformation" in that State claiming that political equality is to bring about not only the improvement of the individual woman, but also the elimination of the "party boss" and the enforcement of law. There were naturally no more acceptable speakers before the convention than the women who had done things in lines of municipal betterment. The Southern representative, who told of the bit of good work done in New Orleans and Baton Rouge when women property holders were permitted to vote, and a better sewerage system was the result; the Chicago woman, Mrs. Paul, who has done such efficient service on the street cleaning corps; the woman mayor of Gaylord, Kan., Mrs. Haskell, who has just refuse a third term, and the State librarian of Kansas, Mrs. Diggs, were the bearers of inspiring and helpful messages. Cures Weak Men Free Insures Love and Happiness. 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CREDIT Grogan's MAMMOTH CREDIT HOUSE 817-819-821-823 Seventh Street NW, Between H and I Streets DINING ROOM LUNCHES AT ALL HOURS. From Five Cents Up. The Best Mocha Coffee, and Tea Served With Each Meal. 1529 7th St., John A. Hyder, Prop. THE WASHINGTON LOAN OFFICE 1223 Pa. Ave. Northwest F. Warren Johnson, Manager Washington, DC. Money Loaned on Diamonds, Watches and Jewelry, Unredeemed Pledges For Sale. Atlanta Daily Word Published Every Morning Except Monday CITY EDITION "News While It Is News" Atlanta (3), Georgia, Saturday, December 19, 1953 PRICE FIVE CENTS HEADED INGRAM RALLY - Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Washington, D.C. (seated) talks with women leaders of the Committee to free Mrs. Rosa Lee Ingram. The noted woman leader made a special trip to Georgia to seek a parole for Mrs. Rosa Lee Ingram. Left to right: Mrs. Louise Moss, N.Y.; Mrs. Terrell, Mrs. Jane Davis, N.Y.; and Mrs. L.D. Shivery -- (Adams Photo) Delegation Calls On Governor; Asks Release for Mrs. Ingram Prayer Service Held On Steps Of The Capital By Lin Holloway Governor Herman Talmadge yesterday afternoon received an interracial delegation waiting upon him in behalf of a pardon for Mrs. Rosa Ingram and her two sons, and, as he indicated he would, the governor referred the group to the Pardons and Parole Board where the petitioners were also received. Headed by the valiant Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, the group, numbering about 60 and including several white women, staged a prayer service on the steps of the capital before being ushered into the governor's office. After being received by Gov. Talmadge, the group, gathered under the auspices of the Women Committee for Equal Justice, discussed its purpose in full with members of the Parole Board, including Chairman Pannell. PRAY ON STEPS The precedent-setting event started shortly after noon when the delegation, including at least one movie star and other women from Georgia, Missouri, California, New York, Texas, Florida, Illinois and other states were led in a prayer session. Participating were the Rev. Harold S. Williamson, pastor of the Rugged Cross Constitutional Church, New York; Mother Annie Hall, former missionary to Africa, Mother Lucille Lassiter of Atlanta, and others. Songs, interspersed with the prayers, included "No More Mouring Over Me" and "Let My People Go." In their prayers, the participants invoked "The Heavenly Father" to "open the hearts" of state officials and heed the appeal for Mrs. Ingram's release. Following the prayers, the petitioners moved into the vestible of the governor's office where each was obliged to sign his or her name and address on a register before moving into the actual waiting room of the chief executive's office. GROUP PHOTOGRAPHED Upon entering the door of the waiting room, the petitioners' pictures were made by a motion picture camera reportedly operated by a state employee. A highway patrolman "directed traffic" within (Continued on Page 5 Column 2) WOMEN RALLY TO FREE MRS. INGRAM - Women leaders from throughout the nation, headed by Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, noted civil rights fighter, converged in Atlanta Friday to ask Gov. Herman E. Talmadge to free Mrs. Rosa Lee Ingram. Part of the committee is shown as they gathered at the state capital to present a petition for Mrs. Ingram, who became an international cause celebre following her conviction, along with her two sons, for the slaying of a South Georgia sharecropper. -- (Adams Photo) [*000359*] Prayer Service (Continued From Page One) the waiting room. Gov. Talmadge made his appear- ance in the waiting room after the last of the petitioners, newsmen, etc., ad been duly registered, "an- nounced" and photographed. "CAN DO NOTHING" Mrs. Terrell stated the purpose of the visit to the Capitol, asking the governor to use his "high office" to interceded in Mrs. Ingram's be- half. Mrs. Halois Robinson, a mem- bers of the delegation from New York City, was refrained by the go- vernor from reading a petition in Mrs. Ingram's behalf by the gover- nor's announcement that there was nothing he could do in the matter. "UNUSUAL" GROUP In reply to a directed question as to whether the visit being paid him was not "unusual" in that he re- ceived the group, Gov. Talmadge noted that the group, itself was "unusual." Mrs. L. D. Shivery made observations during the con- ference with the governor. The chief executive told the peti- tioners that jurisdiction in the mat- ter of obtaining freedom for Mrs. Ingram, who has been imprisoned in the state since 1947, law with the Pardons and Paroles Board, and said that the office of the Board could be found on the fourth floor of the Capitol building. VISIT PAROLES BOARD Regrouping, the petitioners went to the Paroles Board office where, after a slight delay, they were granted audience with Paroles Board Pannel and Mr. Kimbrough, a member of the board. The Paroles Board members heard the petitioners' plea in the hall out- side the board's quarters. Those who presented the petitioners' case included Mrs. Harolis Robinson, Mrs. Shivery, acress Carolyn Mor- ley, and several members of state and visiting delegations including Mrs. Mayme Reece, president of the Georgia Federation of Negro Wo- men's Clubs and Mrs. Geneva Rush- in, Mrs. Ingram's daughter. Many of the white women delegates plead- ed with the board members in Mrs. Ingram's behalf. ADMITS "EXCEPTIONS" Chairman Pannell noted that the case had been received by his group last year and said that the board had no jurisdiction to grant a par- don. He admitted that there were several "exceptions" in the conduct of the trial, the commutation of an original death sentence and in oth- er aspects of the case, but declared that Mrs. Ingram and her sons, Sammy and Wallace, would not be eligible for parole until August, 1955. The board's stand on the matter was indicated when the chairman noted that evidence in the case in- timated that Mrs. Ingram and her sons reportedly "chased" the white share-cropper they were convicted of beating to death "about 300 yards" before the beating. The sons, original reports of the case said, came to the rescue of their mother when she was being attack- ed by the victim. HOLD MEET Following the meeting with the Paroles group, the petitioners stag- ed a meeting at the Phyllis Wheat- ley branch YWCA in which the activities of the day were reviewed and statements relative to continua- tion of efforts to free Mrs. Ingram, now 49 years of age. Taking part in the sessions at the YWCA, in addition to those who took part in events at the Capitol were the noted poetress Beulah Richardson, who read her provoca- tive work "The Revolt of Rosa In- gram;" Madam Walker of Atlanta, Mrs. Undine of New York; Mrs. M. Fuller of Miami and several others including Mrs. Leah Young, white Atlanta Progressive and Miss Marily Alexander, coordinator of the march on the Capitol. Mrs. W. A. Scott, Sr., and Mrs. Reece shared chair- man's honors during the meet. A moving plea by Mrs. Rosa Lee McGhee, widow of Willie McGhee, who was executed in Mississippi high- lighted the meet. A number of the delegates left the city yesterday following a din- ner staged in their honor at Frazier Cafe Society under the auspices of local businessmen, lodges, clubs and ministers. Some few select dele- gates remained in the city, how- ever, to formulate plans to contin- ue the "Free Mrs. Ingram" cam- paign. These delegates are sched- uled to meet today to make their plans. EDITION "A DOG'S LIFE" despite the muzzle may be well worth living. So thinks the dog who's fed on SPRATT'S For him "A Dog's Life" means keen enjoyment at ?ver? meal and then— contented antic??tion of the next. SAY SPRATT'S You owe it to your Dog. SPRATT'S PATNET Ltd. London, E.C.3. PENNY. GEORGE. ?RSHIPS ?ANTON. ?ING TO A ?PANESE ?e to-day). ? repoprt a ? -Japanses Shanghai Canton, that a ?ement is ?ve been ?orts has the boy- p. ?-day).— of the ?hanghai ?ws have ?t. The are ex-? become Gov- ?panese ?snghai danger ?t off. ?upport against East.— R. E y).— ?ses- ?ents ?ties ?iam ?err ? the ?mel ?nk ?en MONS MAN KILLED IN CARDIFF RIOTS. ANTI_NEGRO TROUBLES GROWING MORE SERIOUS. TWO MEN DYING. Renewed riots at Cardiff last night concluded even more seriously than did Wednesday night's affray. The police for a long time kept the crowd under control, but as t he night advanced the mob became more mischievous, and the disorders culminated in a tragedy at a house in a millicent quarter inhabited chiefly by Somalis. A crowd chased to the house a man of color, who was alleged to have threatened a woman. The inmates, in a state of panic, commenced shooting, and the mob retaliated with stones and ginger beer bottles. Shot Through the Heart. John Donovan, ages 47, a discharged soldier, wearing the Mons ribbon, was shot through the heart and he died after removal to hospital. The police came up and entered the house, one receiving a shot through the helmet and another a bullet through his cape, while others sustained slight injuries from stones. They arrested the occupants, one of whom, in the melee, received a severe blow on the head. This mad was at first reported dead, but inquiry elicited information that he is lying in a precarious condition in King Edward Hospital. Another White Dying. In all fourteen more or less severe cases were treated at the hospital, including in addition to the Arab above mentioned Robet Hookes, 47, of Abersoch, Carnarvonshire fractured skull, who is reported to be dying Ali Abdul scalp wounds and abdominal injury, and Mahomed Hassin fractured skull. During the night the military were moved into the district, but it was not found necessary to use them. NEW AFGHAN WAR CHIEF. BOY WHO IS SAID TO BE AFFECTED. The father of a boy who was charged with theft at Marylbone Police Court yesterday said the boy's mind was affected by the changes of the moon, and at such times he was not fit to take care of himself. A doctor replied that the boy was mentally defective, but that modern science did not associate this state of mind with the moon. The Bench ordered the boy to be sent to a certified institution. LENIN DENOUNCED AS ANTI-CHRIST PEASANTS' RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT. OMSK, June 12. A religious movement has sprung up in Central and Northern Russia, and has taken the form of Adventism. The peasants [?] sent them. EAST END RACE RIOT. Bonfire of House Furniture in Poplar Street. The East End was the scene of more race riots last evening, the attention of the white people on this occasion being first turned against Chinese inhabitants. A disturbance occurred outside a house in Northumberland-street, Poplar, where a white woman and a Chinaman were supposed to be staying. Men and women broke into the house in search of the couple, who, however, escaped at the back. The rioters then hauled every article of furniture into the roadway, even tearing out the cupboards and pulling down the bannister rails. They piled the lot into a heap and set fire to it. A big blaze soon resulted, and the police had to call the assistance of the firemen in extinguishing the flames. There were some scuffles, but no one was arrested. QUEEN'S HALL. Mr. Horace A? Court Opens Doors of N.C. University In a sweeping decision Tuesday the Fourth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that colored students must be admitted to the white University of North Carolina law school. The unanimous opinion of the three-judge court written by Judge Morris A. Soper of Baltimore, came less than a week after the executive committee of the University's board of trustees recommended the admission of colored students to its professional and graduate schools. The Appellate Court's ruling reversed a decision of a North Carolina Federal District Court that the State met its constitutional requirements by providing legal education for colored students at a jim-crow law school at North Carolina in Durham. JC School Inferior The Appellate Court sent the case back to the trial court with instructions to order the University of North Carolina to lift its ban against qualified colored law students because of their race and color. Blow to Byrnes, Talmadge Judge Soper's opinion, in which his two associates concurred, would make it impossible for any Southern State to bar qualified colored students from white law schools, whether separate schools are provided or not. It was a stunning blow to both Governor James F. Byrnes of South Carolina and Governor Eugene Talmadge of Georgia, both of whom have declared that they would close down their public school systems if "any Federal Court" orders white schools in their States to admit colored students. Victory for NAACP The case was prosecuted by the NAACP on behalf of Floyd B. McKissick, Solomon Revis James Lassiter and J. Kenneth Lee, all of whom are now studying at the jim-crow law school at North Carolina College. The plaintiffs, Judge Soper ruled, and others similarly situated" are losing the mental stimulation which would broaden their outlook by being denied the competition of minds of diverse types through being segregated with students of their own class." Judge Soper held that: Applications of the four students for admission to the School of Law were rejected solely on account of their race and color. Defense was made that the State of North Carolina had established an equivalent colored law school at the North Carolina College for colored students at Durham. Our examination of the undisputed facts convinces us that the colored school is clearly inferior to the white. The White Law School The University of North Carolina is 157 years old. It formally established a school of law 52 years ago and has a faculty consisting of a dean, eight full-time professors and one assistant. These men have taught law from 10 to 20 years. Professors are paid $6,750 to $8,500; the assistant, $4,500. The serve in an advisory capacity on state legislative commissions. One is director of the University Institute of Government. From time to time members of the staff are invited to discuss problems of government in the classes of the law school. Law Review Factor Members of the faculty contribute to the N.C. Law Review and to the Law Reviews of other law schools. The N.C. Law Review is published by the N.C., Press under the faculty of the Law School. The Review is a factor in the training of students who profit by discussions in the preparation of articles for publication. The Colored Law School North Carolina College at Durham (colored) began as a religious training school 41 years ago, got into debt, and was sold in 1915. It was reorganized as the National Training School and supported by private funds. In 1923 it was acquired by the state and became the Durham State Normal College. The law school was added in 1939. One student appeared. It was closed and reopened in 1940. Faculty, Salaries The faculty consists of a dean, and four assistant professors and two visiting professors, one from Duke University and one from University of North Carolina. Salaries are: Two teachers at $4,600, two at $5,040, and one at $7,000. Their experience is limited to their present work in which the dean has nine years experience, two teachers have three years, one has one year and one is a new man on the faculty. Lack Chance to Study Faculty members have no opportunity to study legislative problems in connection with the Institute of Government at the University of North Carolina, or to serve as advisers to members of State Legislature on Commissions. No member of the colored faculty has contributed to the N.C. Law Review or published any legal writing. No Law Review No Law Review is published by the colored law school and no training in this respect is offered to the students. The colored law school and its faculty have achieved no reputation in legal circles. No witnesses or faculty members of either school would say that the professors of the white and colored law schools were of equal quality. Law Curses Not Equal The white law school teaches 12 more courses than the colored school. Teachers at the colored law school are required to teach a greater number of subjects than teachers at the white law school. Dean's Load Heavy The dean at the colored school testified he taught all of the following subjects: Constitutional law, contracts, will conflict of laws, corporations, credit transactions, domestic relations, equity evidence, insurance, labor law, negotiable instruments, pleadings, taxation, titles, trials, and appellate practices and trusts. Enrollment in Two Schools The white law school enrolls 280 students, representing a cross section of 74 per cent of the state's population. From this society the 28 students of the colored law school are excluded. Specific Value Cited This act deprives the minority of educational advantages which their contemporaries enjoy. It is of specific value that the students form acquaintance with the persons who will later occupy positions of influence and power in the profession and in the public life of the state. In North Carolina, leaders in many activities have graduated from one or another of the leading law schools of the state. To know and be known by the dominant figures in the commonwealth helps private as well as public business. Tan Student Handicapped It is a definite handicap to the colored student to confine his association in the law school to people of his own class. The white law school library has 64,000 volumes, the colored college 30,000. The white law school has a summer session, the colored law school none. Each colored law school student costs the State $1460 per year. Each white law school student costs the State $1416. Separate School is Unequal, Judge Morris J. Soper Says Comparison of white and colored law schools in North Carolina: LAW SCHOOL LAW SCHOOL Univ. of N.Carolina (white) N.C. State College (colored) 52 years old Faculty of 10 (full time) Faculty of 5 (full time) Salaries $6750 to $8500 Salaries $4600- to $7000 Experience 10 to 20 years Experience none to 9 years Student body 280 Enrollment 28 Publishes Law Review No Law Review Faculty advisers to State Legislature Commission No faculty advisers to State Legislature Commission Faculty has published many legal articles Faculty has published no legal articles School has fine reputation in legal circles School has no reputation in legal circles 39 courses of study 27 courses of study Law Library 64,00 books College (not law) library 30,000 books Per student cost $1416 per year Per student cost 1460 per year Opportunity to associate with students who are No such opportunity to become State's leading lawyers, judges, officials Building superior Building inferior Summer sessions of Law School No summer Law School "It is difficult to believe that one who had a free choice between these law schools would consider the question close." MAKES STRONG PLEA FOR NEGRO. Mrs. Mary C. Terrell Speaker at the Open Forum. That a large part of the work done by the abolitionists and the Northern soldiers in freeing the Negro from slavery had been undone was the startling statement of Mrs. Mary C. Terrell, an orator and champion of her race in an intensely interesting and and thought-provoking address at the open civic forum at the First Universalist Church last evening. She presented anything but encouraging pictures of the social and industrial opportunities of her race, throwing in but little that presented the happier side of the life and prospects of the Negro race. She made a strong plea for equality of all races and an equal opportunity for every child born in this Country, whether he has a dark skin or a fair skin, presenting this as the solution of the problem. Willis B. Hall, president of the Congress Square Associates, under the auspices of which the forum is held, presided and prayer was offered by Rev. James F. Albion, D.D., pastor of the church, Karl Lester Tower, the forum organist, played Andante in G, by Batiste as a prelude, Le Chant de Bonheur by Lamare as an offertory, and Callaerts' postlude in A minor as a postlude. Mr. Hamm announced as the speaker next Sunday evening. A. J. Philpot of Boston, a newspaperman, whose subject will be Newspapers and the Questions of the Day. After introducing her subject, Uncle Sam and the Sons of Ham, stating that she was to speak on "the real Ham what am,,"Mrs. Terrell referred to the 300 years of slavery of her race and the 50 years which have followed their emancipation as a race, adding that "as the story of slavery is one of the saddest stories of history, so the story of the reclamation of the race is one of the happiest." She referred to the three steps of emancipation, education and elevation of the Negro race, and the sacrifice and suffering of the people of the North. She asked if as a beneficiary the colored race has failed to show is appreciation and respond to the uplift given. The Negro as a student,in business and finance, in patriotism, and in citizenship, was presented to the audience. Illiteracy, she stated, was reduced to 31.4 per cent in the race, honors at Harvard, Yale and other universities and colleges have been won again and again by the Negro young men and young women; Negroes today own a billion dollars worth of property: there are 40,000 teachers, 4,000 practicing medicine and as many engaged in law. One-half of the cotton is cultivated by the Negro, one-third of the tobacco, and a great deal of the sugar and rice. "It would seem," added Mrs. Terrell, "that the work of the colored people was meeting the most exacting demand of their friends. But this has required great courage, but also a spirit of hopefulness. There has been much that has been discouraging. It would seem literally as impossible for a camel with a hump to get through the eye of a cambric needle as for a colored man to get a position that is not open to him. And now many people who had before been loath are now forced to admit the progress of the race. "And yet, the interest which was once manifested by the North is less than it was and I sometimes hear it is reaching the vanishing point. The public press is averse to publishing articles presented for publication relative to many phrases of the Negro race question, and the American press is determined that the American people shall not know the truth about the colored race." Mrs. Terrell compared the attitude of the people now with that at the time of the Civil War. She spoke of the Constitutional amendment which conferred upon the colored race the elective franchise, adding that this privilege is denied members of her race. "And yet, when a colored person speaks of it as not being realized he is accused of waving the bloody shirt or raising the race problem. I know there are many wiser and greater people than I who say it was a mistake to confer suffrage franchise upon the colored COLLEGE WOMEN'S ACTION HAILED HOWARD U. EDUCATORS APPROVE GROUP'S STAND The vote of the American Association of University Women of 2,168 to 65 to open membership "to all eligible women" was hailed as an important stepping stone toward democracy and race mixing, Monday, by faculty members of Howard University. Similarly, the protests of the Washington chapter and its withdrawal from the AAUW were condemned by most Howard educators. Although the faculty members interviewed agreed generally in regard to the democratic victory achieved, their views differed on minor points. Consensus Hails Vote Some of the opinions follow: DR. WILLISTON H. LOFTON, assistant professor of history: "The decision of the Washington chapter to withdraw from the national body because of the racial issue is must unfortune. "It is a sad commentary upon our society that this select group is so socially blinded as to allow prejudice to overcome human principles. "Though the action of the local group is disheartening, it is encouraging to note that a sizable minority disagreed with the action of its officers." Washington Branch Hit DR. ELLIS O. KNOX, professor of education: "The Washington chapter is not only backward in its social and liberal ideas but it also defies the very tenets of liberalism which it is organized to carry forward." DR. JAMES A. BAYTON, associate professor of psychology: "You would hope that women with their particular background would be leaders in trying to better racial conditions instead of attempting to keep things as they are. "The minority of the Washington chapter who say they will withdraw and set up their own chapter under the supervision of the national are to be congratulated." Victory for Mrs. Terrell DR.EUGENE C. HOLMES, associate professor of philosophy: "I think it's a wonderful victory for Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, who is a lifelong fighter for democratic practices in every organization which she is eligible to join." DR. WINSTON MACALLISTER, associate professor of philosophy: "It is a strange action for the supposedly democratic local group." DR. MARGARET BRAINARD, white, associate professor of home economics: "I was very happy to hear that the national body had taken its stand and I hope that a local chapter will be set up under the new national policy. In which case I will be glad to become affiliated with such." DR. ALETHEA H. WASHINGTON, professor of education: "It is a feeling of satisfaction when that which is right wins." Move Had to Be Made DR. VIRGINIA W. CALLAHAN, white, associate professor of classics: "It is reassuring to observe the recent action of the AAUW on this important question. It had to come. "The stand of the protesting members is a disheartening one, coming as it does from residents of the nation's capital. "The courageous vote of the Virginia delegates is especially commendable. It is a forward step which will set an excellent example for educated women everywhere." Dr. Johnson Lauds Step DR. MORDECAI W. JOHNSON, president of the university: "The attitude taken by the AAUW at their recent national meeting was highly constructive. It is especially gratifying to note that among the leaders in fixing this attitude are some women from the South. "I have confidence that the experience of the next few years will show that this decision was wise, wholly practicable and helpful to the internal unity and the world prestige of our country." Dr. Tate Not Enthusiastic Dr. Merze Tate, professor of history expressed herself in terms of delight on hearing the action taken by the national body of the AAUW, but she was shocked that the Washington chapter insisted on passing applicants through its special screen. Dr. Tate stated: "I do not agree that it is a great new day for colored college women. I do not believe that they are breathlessly waiting to join. They belong to so many other organizations." Dr. Tate did not say that she would not join a new local chapter. However, she expressed no immediate desire to do so. She added that she was already a member of 25 or more organizations. While at Radcliffe, she was a member of the Cambridge chapter of the AAUW. In this city she was a guest of the Washington chapter on numerous occasions. She never applied for membership here. DR. ANTHONY S. REYNER, white, professor of geography, remarked: "Aren't those women ever going to be ashamed of themselves? I thought education did something for people!" [Phtotograph] Staffoto by Dummett SEEK INGRAM'S FREEDOM ... The National Committee of Free the Ingram Family met in New York at the Hotel Theresa last week to prepare a bried for presentation to the United Nations. Seated is the chairman, Mrs. Mary Church Terrell. Standing, left to right: Miss Irene Hendrique, Mrs. Mary Ellen Shadd, Milwaukee; Edward Nelson, National organizer of the IWO; Miss Pearl Rhoades, Baltimore, and Mrs. Maude White Katz. [*Amsterdam News*] [*Star*] Psychological Group's Protest Those of us who love our country and want it really to be the greatest democracy on earth, as it claims to be, owe a big debt of gratitude to the American Psychological Association which had just held its 60th Annual Convention her and has voted unanimously never to meet her ahain, "until such time as additional progress has been made toward democratic treatment of minority groups." Some of tge business of the convention was seriously delayed, it is said, becuase restaurants or hotels at which committees had decided to meet near meal times refused to serve colored members. Personally, I believe Washington, D. C., is the only capital in the world, except that of Malan's Unionod South Africa, in which a hotel or restaurant would refuse to serve a colored man or woman solely because of his or her color. Such discrimination is all the more to be condemned because nearly 80 years ago, in 1872 and 1873 to be exact, a law was passed by the Legislative Assembly here forbidding proprietors of hotels or restaurants to refuse to serve well-behaved people on account of race or color, and the penalty for violating this law, which has never been repealed, is a fine of $100 and possible revocation of the license for a year. Mary Church Terell. You Get It First, You Get It Right in The AFRO _________________________________________________ Ingram delegation pleads in vain By ALICE A. DUNNIGAN A delegation representing the Women's Committee for Equal Justice was informed last week that the U. S. Department of Justice can do nothing toward the release of Mrs. Rosa Lee Ingram from a Georgia prison where she is serving a life sentence on a murder charge involving a white farmer. Maceo Hubbard, Justice Department attorney, sat in on the conference, has took no part in the discussion. The delegation composed of approximately 20 persons, headed by Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, last Friday, called upon A. B. Caldwell, chief of the civil rights section of the justice department, to use every means possible to free this widowed mother of 14 children. She has spent six years behind bars. Sons Came To Rescue Caldwell received the delegation with courtesy and listened as Mrs. Terrell read a statement outlinging the case of Mrs. Ingram. The statement told how this Georgua farm woman had been assaulted by her neighboring white sharecrapper because her stock had supposedly trespassed on land he was cultivaint. When Mrs. Ingram, accompanied bu her two sons, went to retrieve the animals, widow was attacked by the white sharecropper. Her two sons, ages at that time about 12 and 14, came to her rescue and the three fought off the white farmer, beating him to death. Had Discouraged Advances The courts were never able to prove which of the three might have been responsible for the man's death, but it was a known fact that whichever one was responsible it was still a matter of self defense. It was generally believed, however, that the white neighbor was not as enraged with Mrs. Ingram becuase her stock had gotten into his cotton patch, as he was becuase she had continually discouraged his advances toward her. Mrs. Ingram was convicted of murder and sentenced to death in the electric chair. When the NAACP moved into the case and a new hearing was held, the sentence was changed from death to life in prisonment, and ever since, Mrs. Ignram and her two sons have been in prison. CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: TUESDAY RULES ARKANSAS DEMOCRATS CAN EXCLUDE NEGRO Supreme Court Says it Has No Jurisdiction. Little Rock, Ark., March 24.—(AP)— Democratic primary election rules in Arkansas were held valid by the state Supreme court today. The opinion affirmed the decree of Pulaski chancery court dismissing for want of equity a suit for injunction against members of the Little Rock Democratic central committee to restrain them from barring Negroes form the city primaries of 1928. J.M. Robinson and other Negro voters contended exclusion from the primaries violated the 14th and 15th amendments of the federal constitution. Can Promulgate Rules. In dismissing the appeal the Supreme court held that as a voluntary political organization and not an agency of the state the Democratic party legally was entitled to define qualifications for membership and promulgate party rules without violating any of the prohibitions of the 14th or 15th amendments. "The fact that nominees of the Democratic primary in Arkansas are always elected at the general election does not alter the situation," the court held. Primary Not Legalized. "Primary elections are beyond the concern of the state, save only in those instances where the state legalizes the primary by statue," the opinion reads. In no instance, it said, was the state entitles to direct the machinery of the party primary, termed by the court "entirely an instrumentality created by the party." An appeal probably will be taken to the United states Supreme court. Guerrilla Who Terrorized Mexican States Executed (Chicago Tribune Press Service.) MEXICO CITY, March 24.—Guadalupe Hernadez, a guerilla leader, who terrorized Durango and adjoining states and refuse to accept the amnesty offered by the government following the Escobar revolt last year, was executed at Fereria, near Durango City, last night by military authorities. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1952 COU?IER W. 13 A Drama of D.C. Schools 'SUFFER LITTLE CHILDREN' A Playlet in Four acts By REVELLA CLAY Dedication — No evil has produced more evils, created more confusion, or caused more harm to innocent young people than Washington's school system, rom time to time, and especially within the past five years, parents of Negro children have rebelled against a system which automatically guarantees to their sons and daughters an inferior education. The struggles of these parents have been epic. But no struggle has been more inspired , more daring or more determined than the fight of parents of Payne and Webb Elementary School children to prevent transfer of the white Madison School, which they felt was inadequate and a poor solution to the relief of overcrowding at the Payne and Webb Schools. To these brave parents who have shunned complacency and defied jim-crow laws as well as compulsory school attendance laws for their children's sake is this playlet dedicated. It is also dedicated to the 53,373 Negro children who are daily in every Division 2 school in this city learning their ABCs in sub-standard and unequal conditions where there are never enough teachers and always too many pupils. It is fictionalized fact, with all statements attributed to public officials a true representation based upon actual Courier coverage. It is published with the full consent and endorsement of the Courier publisher and editors, who nine years ago dedicated the Washington edition of this newspaper to a vigorous campaign for the total elimination of segregation and discrimination in the nation's capital. It is written and published with the hope that within the immediate future, no parents shall be forced to picket or seek redress in the courts as the Payne-Webb parents were forced to do, or shall be forced to beg and plead public officials "to suffer little children" . . .and "to forbid them not" to enter any school in the nation's capital, no matter what the school and no matter what the race and color of the children may be. ROUND-TWON AND THE EASTERN SEABOARD By J. HUGO WARREN MODERN JAZZ SOCIETY'S swing concerto last Friday night prevueing new sounds in progressive jazz was a complete clicko. Jazz enthusiasts of both races crowded the confines of Club 30-11. one fact was predominant, our hometown musicians can hold their own with the sidemen of any :name" band in the land. Now the local bistro operators should realize this fact and when looking for men of music, follow Booker T. Washington's advice and let your buckets down right where you are . . . Among the wide and assorted listeners to the new sounds we spotted, Warren and Mrrs. Ella Mae Fauntleroy, Viepta Jackson, Liz Medley, Warrren Boswell, Mr. and Mrs. Bill Hayes, Lydia Brown, Cynthia Jackson, Doris McCane Hall, Sonny Pratt of Baltimore, Catherine Giles, Shirley and Lloyd Norvell, Aileen Walker, Ollie Bradshaw, Earl L. Jackson, Michael Graham, Mimi Lynch, Louie Aiken, vice president of the Musicians' Union; Richard McKedon, Richard and Louise Rosenthal, Bob Brook, most of the Maharajahs Social Club, Ray Keziah of the Washington Daily News, Alan Jetz, Jon Masset, Robbie Robinson, Andy Richardson and others . . . We toss out choice orchid to Georgia Mae Scott whose initiative and graphic ideas made this series of local jazz concerts an actuality. BLESSED EVENTS . . .Lieut. Col. and Mrs. James D. Fowler have a son born last week-end in Germany where Lieutenant Colonel Fowler is stationed. The Fowlers have two other children. The Garland Pinkstons also have ACT ONE SCENE ! It is about 8:30 in the morning of Dec. 5, 1951. Two little children are en route to the Payne School at Fifteenth and C Streets, S.E. The boy is 8 years old, the little girl is almost 6. They stop in front of the Bryan School at Thirteenth and B Streets, S.E., which they pass every day to and from school at Payne. LITTLE GIRL: "Gee, Johnny. Just think. Pretty soon we'll be going to this nice big school. Won't it be fun?" LITTLE BOY: "Aw, you're just like all women. Always getting things wring. We won't ever be going to that school." LITTLE GIRL: "Johnny Dade, you're just being a mean old boy. We are so too going to this school. My mamma says we will so, And we will, too!" LITTLE BOY: "Aw, I don't care if your mother did say it. She don't know what she's talking about. My dad says we won't ever go to that school. He says we always get the worse of everything in this city." LITTLE GIRL" "I don't care what your father says. My mamma says school officials are gonna give us this school. She says Payne is too old and too small. She says our old school has twice as many boys and girls as it oughta have. And my mama says she's going downtown this afternoon and she's going to tell school officers to let us have this school. And she says we'll get it, too." LITTLE BOY: "Aw, nuts to you, Sally. And nuts to your mother, too. She's just a day dreamer." SCENE II It is the afternoon of the same day. The Board of Education is holding its regular monthly meeting in the Board Room of Franklin School. There are nine members of the board sitting square-wise to one side of the room. They are C. Melvin Sharpe who is presiding, and five other white members: Mrs. Acadia Near Phillips, Albert Steinum,, Dr. James A. Gannon, Adelbert Lee and Mrs. Elvira Magdeburger; and three Negro members: Dr. Phillip T. Johnson, Mrs. Velma G. Wiliams and Atty. Wesley S. Williams. Dr. Hobart M. Corning, school superintendent, who is also white, is sitting nest to Mt. Sharpe. In a row of tables are sitting other school officers, while a second table is being used by the press. The seating capacity is filled; more than twenty-five of the spectators being parents of REPORTER: Yes, Mrs. Jones. What do you think of this action? MRS. JONES: It's an impossible situation. And we're not going to take it lying down. We'll have a meeting at 8 o'clock tonight at the Payne School to decide what action we'll take. SCENT III That night at the Payne School. Nearly 200 parents are crowded in a first-floor classroom of the old school because there is no auditorium. Lemon Moses is presiding. Mrs. Jones has just told the parents of the board's action in transferring Madison School. MRS. JONES: So that is the situation. Although Madison School is inadequate, the board has voted that it be transferred. It can hardly relieve overcrowding at Payne and Webb. Why, Payne, which has a capacity of 288, is now holding 507 children. If Madison is transferred, it means that children from five schools will be displaced. Plus, there will be traffic hazards, and young school children will have to walk blocks to Maury and Madison. SEVERAL PARENTS: It's ridiculous. What are we going to do? It's awful! ANDREW THALLEY: We certainly will not get relief by doing nothing. We should go to Franklin School and explain to the officials that this matter should be reconsidered. But we know that the board will not reconsider unless we make them realize we don't want this unjust solution. I feel we should go on a two-day strike and keep our children out of school for two days. MRS. BERNICE WALTERS: No. Not two days. I move that we strike and strike until we get some kind of action. PARENTS: Yes, we'll strike! ACT TWO SCENE ! It is Sunday, Dec. 9, 1951. Members of the executive committee of the Payne-Webb P-TA are holding a meeting in the home of Mr. Moses. MR. MOSES: Well, we've kept out children out of school for two days. You know how beautifully the parents have cooperated with us. There was hardly a child in either Payne or Webb; 800 of them out. I know that we are right and God is on our side. But there is the matter of compulsory school attendance laws. Can we afford to defy these laws even though we are right? Why, it was planned six years ago, and will be obsolete before it's built. MR. WESTRAY: Well the situation does not look good. But I have hope and faith, We shall continue to try to see the commissioners and we shall report back to you parents just as soon as something happens. SCENE II It is late January. Parents of the Payne-Webb School are meeting again at the Payne-Webb School. Lemon Moses is presiding. Mrs. Jones is finishing a report. MRS. JONES: It is frustrating and confusing—the whole situation. We have tried everything to settle this amicably. We've been to the superintendent, and he gave us no help. We've been tot he commissioners. Commissioner Donohue asked for a report from school officials. We were hopeful that he would be able to help us. Payne and Webb must be relieved in a decent and convenient manner. Now Commissioner Donohue admits that school officials have not been as cooperative as he had expected, and he insists the commissioners' hands are tied. Now the Board of Education has again upheld the superintendent and the Madison transfer. The situation looks desperate. We know that our children will be transferred in this inequitable manner . . . But we are not defeated. The third step remains. There are the courts. PARENTS: That's it. It's a shame we should have to raise additional money to finance a court suit to get access to schools we're already paying for as taxpayers. But sue, Yes, sue! SCENE III It is early in February at the office of Atty. Thurman LED FIGHT —Among those mentioned in this factual playlet. Jazz enthusiasts of both races crowded the confines of Club 20-11. One fact was predominant, our hometown musicians can hold their own with the sidemen of any "name" band in the land. Now, the local bistro operators should realize this fact and, when looking for men of music, follow Booker T. Washington's advice and let your buckets down right where you are . . . Among the wide and assorted listeners to the new sounds we spotted, Warren and Mrs. Ella Mae Fauntleroy, Viepta Jackson, Liz Medley, Warren Boswell, Mr. and Mrs. Bill Hayes, Lydia Brown, Cynthia Jackson, Doris McCane Hall, Sonny Pratt of Baltimore, Catherine Giles, Shirley and Lloyd Norvell, Aileen Walker, Ollie Bradshaw, Earl L. Jackson, Michael Graham, Mimi Lynch, Louie Aiken, vice president of the Musicians' Union; Richard McKedon, Richard and Louise Rosenthal, Bob Brook, most of the Maharajahs Social Club, Keziah of the Washington Daily News, Alan Jetz, Jon Massey, Robbie Robinson, Andy Richardson and others . . . We toss our choice orchid to Georgia Mae Scott whose initiative and graphic ideas made this series of local jazz concerts an actuality. BLESSED EVENTS . . . Lieut. Col. and Mrs. James D. Fowler have a son born last week-end in Germany where Lieutenant Colonel Fowler is stationed. The Fowlers have two other children . . . The Garland Pinkstons also have a baby girl. Pinkston is co-owner of the popular Cozy Corner Grill . . . At Randall's Auto Service in Northeast Washington, the finest work in auto service can be obtained. Here your car will receive the finest quality work in painting, welding, fender repairs, and complete motor works. Adam Thomas, a veteran, is the business manager of Randall's Auto Service. Ellsworth Randall is proprietor. In a five-year period this has grown from a shoestring to a hundred thousand dollar business. [photograph] Adam Thomas NOTES: Philly's Ham Johns is visiting D.C., formerly lived in Lynchburg and D.C. . . . Andrew Jackson and his public relations associate, Ernest Williams, have put out their Travel Guide, a compact little bundle of info for those who prefer seeing America first . . . The Frank Woodsons have shifted from their California Street apartment to an attractive home in Northeast . . . The former leading impresario of beautiful brownskinned girls, Irving C. Miller, was one of the faces about town last week . . . We're not going along with the ofay fight experts who are claiming Rocky Marciano punches harder than Joe Louis punched at the height of his career . . . Next attraction behind Howard Theatre's proscenium arch is Duke Ellington's celebrated orchestra and revue. The Duke's music now features more mass box office appeal with less of the Ellingtonia that won him secular admirers all over the world . . . Why didn't those sepia AGO employes attend that cocktail party at the Roosevelt Hotel last week??? Timidity should have nothing but a back seat with the new Negro . . . Tall Girls, Inc., had a swell affair at the Kappa House last Sunday. The lengthy ladies who smile down at you from the stratosphere made their first affair one of the most elaborate we have attended in years. THE TROPICAL DINING ROOM of the Dunbar Hotel will be the scene of the introductory cabaret of the Nonchalants, Inc., Friday, Oct. 3. There will be a BYOL (bring your own liquor) policy and Jimmy McPhail will be crooning lovely tunes. Club roster includes Mmes. Catherine Smith, president; Emma Tarber, vice president; Rubye Fluellen, secretary; Myrdis Lane, corresponding secretary; Emma Dawner, financial secretary; Ferne Collins, treasurer; Beatrice Roane, business manager; Miss Mirian E. Wood, publicity manager; Mrs. Beaulah Butler, Mrs. Gwendolyn Brooks, Miss Raymona Gass and Mrs. Wilhelmina Jessup . . . A popular bar maid on Seventh Street, N. W., hit the numbers packed her things and moved out on her hubby from their R. I. Plaza apartment last week. This admirable lady is Mrs. Cleola Farrar, instructor at the Pomonkey High School, Pomonkey, Md. Mrs. Farrar is the wife of that brilliant business man, Arthur Farrar, who operates one of the most successful businesses on Route 5, Waldorf, Md., Blue Bird Inn . . . Pleasure seekers may be glad to know that a new night club will soon open in the twelve hundred block of Eleventh Street, S. E., the Booker T. Restaurant, with a seating capacity of 300, a spacious dance floor and super entertainment week. Watch this paper for advertisement of opening. [photograph] Mrs. C. Farrar WASHINGTON'S wide circle of patrons of the arts will be delighted to learn that St. Luke P. E. Church is presenting the scintilating and vibrant danseuse, JANET COLLINS, of the Metropolitan Opera Company at Cardozo High School the night of Oct. 10 . . . This dancer crashed the race barriers to appear at the Met, and her potent weapon was talent . . . The Northeast M. D. who has been sending the Brookland matron two dozen roses on special occasions, so the recipient says, is denying same, even though the roses have been arriving at the L Street doll's house . . . Florence Jones Points' wedding gifts filled three large rooms. Charles and Mrs. Points will make their home at 1266 Morse Street, N. E. . . . They were welded last Saturday . . . Our folks are really victims of those loan companies just across the city LITTLE GIRL: "I don't care what your father says. My mamma says school officials are gonna give us this school. She says Payne is too old and too small. She says our old school has twice as many boys and girls as it oughta have. And my mama says she's going downtown this afternoon and she's going to tell school officers to let us have this school. And she says we'll get it, too." LITTLE BOY: "Aw, nuts to you, Sally. And nuts to you mother, too. She's just a day dreamer." SCENE II It is the afternoon of the same day. The Board of Education is holding its regular monthly meeting in the Board Room of Franklin School. There are nine members of the board sitting square-wise to one side of the room. They are C. Melvin Sharpe who is presiding, and five other white members: Mrs. Acadia Near Phillips, Albert Steinum, Dr. James A. Gannon, Adelbert Lee and Mrs. Elvira Magdeburger; and three Negro members: Dr. Phillip T. Johnson, Mrs. Velma G. Williams and Atty. Wesley S. Williams. Dr. Hobart M. Corning, school superintendent, who is also white, is sitting next to Mr. Sharpe. In a row of tables are sitting other school officers, while a second table is being used by the press. The seating capacity is filled; more then twenty-five of the spectators being parents of Payne-Webb children. MR SHARPE: We'll have the report of the Building and Grounds Committee." MRS. MAGDEBURGER: It is the recommendation of the Building and Grounds Committee that the Madison School at 10th and G Streets, N. E., be transferred from Division 1 to Division 2, effective at the close of the present semester, Friday, Feb. 1, 1952. DR. JOHNSON: That vote was 2-1. MR. SHARPE: You've heard the report of the committee. Are you ready for the question? MRS. WILLIAMS: I have an unreadiness. Didn't Dr. Corning recommend that the Bryan School be transferred? MRS. MAGDEBURGER: He also recommended that the Madison School be transferred. DR. JOHNSON: Yes, but he said the Madison School would only be "reasonably adequate." (There is a lengthy and heated discussion. Finally, Mr. Sharpe calls for the vote.) MR. SHARPE: Those in favor of the recommendation will signify in the usual sign. (The five white members sitting around the square raise their hands.) MR. SHARPE: Opposed? (The three Negro board members raise their hands.) MR. SHARPE: The recommendation is carried. MR. WILLIAMS: Yes, but I think this matter should be reconsidered. And I move that it be tabled and sent back to the committee for recommendation. MR. LEE: You're out of order. DR. JOHNSON: He is not. Bring in Robert's "Rules of Order." (The secretary hurries out, returns with Roberts'. She reads a portion. Mr. Williams is adjudged in order.) MR. SHARPE: All right, we'll now vote on the tabling motion. Those in favor? (The three Negro board members raise their hands.) MR. SHARPE: Opposed? (The five white board members raise their hands.) MR. SHARPE: The motion for reconsideration is lost, five to three. MR. WILLIAMS: You've taken this action, but I am going to predict now that within a year you'll have more trouble. White realtors are not selling to white clients in that Southeast area. The population is shifting to Negroes. (There is a stir from parents sitting in the room. As the meeting adjourns, one, a short woman, hurries over to the press table and talks to the Courier reporter.) MRS. JONES: I'm Mrs. Jones, secretary of the Payne P.T.A. [continued from earlier page] line... That 3 per cent per month on the unpaid balance will acrue into a figure that will certainly make you feel like a sucker when you add up your interest column when you have repaid the debt. .. Jerry (Reds) Cooper gave his domestic knot a shot in the arm and all parties are happy about the whole thing . . . That was Dr. Louie Wayne attracting the eyes cruising down the rialto in his new Caddie convertible. IN AND AROUND TOWN - Lloyd Genus, Ballentine beer representative, and a group of friends, tossed a stag party for friend Edward Jackson and Jet and Ebony magazines last Tuesday night at 35 Franklin Street, N.E., Jackson will wed Pentagon clerk Mildred Webster tonight... Helen Thompkins Jackson is giving her recently acquired apartment on New Jersey Avenue her personal redecorating touch...Philly's Wilbur (Windy) Wallace in town over the week-end and trying to make up his mind to live in New York, Detroit or D.C. .. Washington's legit theatre patrons will see some excellent show fare with two legitimate theatres operating here very soon... Carrie Belle Shamwell, after two months on the West Coast in San Francisco, is heading back this way. . . A tan patrolman who has broken many a tough case here and is still pounding a beat is working hard to solve the rape case involving a Howard U. senior... None of the friends of Atty. Arthur Boles, who is reported to be on the West Coast, have heard from him lately. Realtor Wardell Thomas has switched toneaus, from Kaiser to a big Nash. SEVERAL PARENTS: It's ridiculous. What are we going to do? It's awful! ANDREW THALLEY: We certainly will not get relief by doing nothing. We should go to Franklin School and explain to the officials that this matter should be reconsidered. But we know that the board will not reconsider unless we make them realize we don't want this unjust solution. I feel we should go on a two-day strike and keep our children out of school for two days. MRS. BERNICE WALTERS: No. Not two days. I move that we strike and strike until we get some kind of action. PARENTS: Yes, we'll strike! ACT TWO SCENE I It is Sunday, Dec. 9, 1951. Members of the executive committee of the Payne-Webb P.T.A. are holding a meeting in the home of Mr. Moses. MR. MOSES: Well, we've kept our children out of school for two days. You know how beautifully the parents have cooperated with us. There was hardly a child in either Payne or Webb; 800 of them out. I know that we are right and God is on our side. But there is the matter of compulsory school attendance laws. Can we afford to defy these laws even though we are right? PARENT: I'm not the least bit concerned about the threatening letter Dr. Corning has sent us through the newspapers. "Dear Patrons of the Payne-Webb School: You are violating the law. I urge you to return your children to school and fulfill your obligations as parents." Well, he certainly isn't fulfilling his obligation as superintendent of schools. And I think it's rude to address us as "patrons." MR. MOSES: Yes, but we must consider all sides of this problem. Perhaps it would be better if we ended the strike now, and sought a conference with the school officials. MRS. JONES: Well, I certainly agree that we should seek a conference with school officials. Perhaps send them a telegram asking for a conference. But I do not believe we have the power to end the strike without a vote of the general body. Remember we voted at the meeting last Wednesday to have a general meeting this Tuesday. SEVERAL PARENTS (ALL AT ONCE): I agree with Mrs. Jones. She's right. Yes. Have a meeting with the officers. But don't stop the strike now. HARRY O. HALE: In view of the action taken at last Wednesday's meeting, I move that we continue the strike until the meeting Tuesday. SCENE II It is Tuesday night, Dec. 11. Parents are meeting again at the Payne School. Meeting with them are Commissioner F. Joseph Donohue and Assistant Engineer Commissioner Thomas E. Hayes, Jr. There is a stir in the crowded classroom. Parents are buzzing to themselves, and there are even boos, as Commissioner Donohue talks. DONOHUE: I think you parents were wrong in striking. I am sure that the Board of Education would hold a reasonable appeal for reconsideration. You should consider the virtue of having had seven schools in the neighborhood transferred within the past year and a half. And you should be ashamed of having sent a telegram to President Truman, disturbing the best friend you people ever had with a local situation like this when he's burdened with grave international problems. CROWD: Boo! Boo! ATTY THURMAN DODSON: I disagree. I don't feel that these parents should feel ashamed of having sent a telegram to the President of the United States urging his aid in this school situation. Officials in the schools here should feel ashamed that Negro children must pass half-filled white schools to go to overcrowded colored schools, simply because they are Negro children. HAYES: But there is never just one solution to any situation. MRS. B. MARLOWE: Well, we have received another letter from Dr. Corning - through the newspapers - telling us that he will be glad to meet with us after we have sent our children back to school. I certainly disagree with Commissioner Donohue on this subject. But in view of our children, I move that we call off the strike pending a meeting with the Board of Education. WM. WESTRAY: I would like to offer an amendment to Mrs. Marlowe's motion. In view of the fact that our children have been out of school for four days, and in view of Dr. Corning's statement, I move that we call off the strike and seek a meeting with Dr. Corning. ACT THREE SCENE I It is several days later, at a meeting at the Payne School. More than seventy parents are attending the meeting. Mr. Westray is presiding. MR. JONES: I have just finished playing a recording of our meeting with school officials. We regret that we have nothing else to report. We met with Dr. Corning on Dec. 18. He spent most of his time verifying that Madison was the only and best solution to our problem. A PARENT: But we don't believe that. We know that isn't so. MRS. JONES: Of course we don't believe it. But we are trying to cooperate with school officials, and with the commissioners. Commissioner Donohue has stated that there are three steps - a conference with Dr. Corning, a conference with the commissioners, and then go to the courts after the first two efforts have failed. We still have two more steps. ANDREW THALLEY: Well this is certainly an awful circumstance. I don't see what school officials are planning to do. I suppose now they want us to be satisfied with the new Payne addition. But even that addition won't be adequate. superintendent and the Madison transfer. The situation looks desperate. We know that our children will be transferred in this inequitable manner... But we are not defeated. The third step remains. There are the courts. PARENTS: That's it. It's a shame we should have to raise additional money to finance a court suit to get access to schools we're already paying for as taxpayers. But sue. Yes, sue! SCENE III It is early in February at the office of Atty. Thurman [photograph] LED FIGHT - Among those mentioned in this factual playlet, left to right, are Mrs. Catherine Jones, Atty. Thurman L. Dodson and William Westray. L.Dodson, Mr. Moses and Mrs. Jones are conferring with the attorney. MR. DODSON: Now tell me just what happened, Mr. Moses, so that I can draw up the complaint. MR. MOSES: Well I did this, I took my child to school and asked for a transfer. Mr. Mundy told me it just wasn't done in the District. But then I insisted. I called the Buchanan School and was assured the child could be taken there. But when I took Yvonne to school, the principal said, "I had no idea you were colored!" She recommended Payne School. This jim-crow situation is awful. It's like a vicious circle. You travel all around the circle but the circle is always there. MR. DODSON: It's disgraceful. But we can fight. I'll draw up a complaint and we'll sue on eleven counts. This situation should not exist in our nation's capital, the center of world democracy. MRS. JONES: I'm sure the matter will be solved - justly. The parents have been wonderful. They've already raised $400 to finance this suit. I know they'll sacrifice, because the future of our children is at stage. ACT FOUR SCENE I It is several days later about 8:30 in the morning. The little boy and girl, Sally and Johnny, are walking to Payne School. They pass Bryan. JOHNNY: See there! Didn't I tell you? We wouldn't ever be going to that school. We're still in beat-up old Payne. Told you your mother was day-dreaming. LITTLE GIRL: Meanie! Someday I will go to this school, too. JOHNNY: Well your mother sure has tried hard enough, my dad says. But he says we ain't ever going to this school, nor no other nice school like this. Day-dreamer! SALLY: Oh, it's awful. I want to go to this school. And I will, too. And don't say "ain't." You're mean and you're stupid, too! (Tearfully, she runs on ahead). SCENE II That night in the Jones home. MR. JONES: Children all in bed? MRS. JONES: Yes. MR. JONES: Want me to do anything for you? MRS. JONES: No. MR. JONES: Shall we look at "The Web" or what would you like to see on television? MRS. JONES: Uh! Uh! MR. JONES: Say, you're about as short as a dollar bill these days. What's wrong. This messy school situation? MRS. JONES: Yes. The whole business. But I'm worried most about Sally. She keeps asking me why she can't go to the Bryan School. And what can I tell her? Unless I tell her? . . . But must a 6-year-old girl have to be told she can't go to a school she wants to simply because she is a Negro? -FINIS- Letters to the Editor To the Editor: We are writing to express our sincere appreciation for the public-spirited coverage and reporting your newspaper, through Miss Revella Clay, has rendered our community and the city at large. Early last summer Miss Clay came to our community and spent several hours, along with a photographer, touring the area and interviewing citizens. She was the first to tell the story of the over-crowded condition of schools in the Garfield-Turner area. The cause of decent schools in the District of Columbia has been furthered by the graphic stories presented by Miss Clay. Rest assured that our committee shall continue the fight for adequate school facilities in this immediate area so that our children will not be herded to the old Birney School. GARFIELD-TURNER P.T.A. (MRS.) DOVEY J. ROUNDTREE Chairman Emergency Committee 14 COURIER SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1952 Jackie Robinson Is Eager to Improve Previous World Series Showings (Special to the Courier) BROOKLYN--Jackie Robinson feels he's about due to enjoy a good World Series. This one may be his last, so he'll go all out to leave something in the record books that will say a fellow named Robinson made an impression on both the major leagues. So far Robinson has been a star only in the National League. He did not do very well in his two previous World Series. In 1947, when Jackie was rookie of the year, he hit only .259 in the seven-game series which the Dodgers lost to the Yankees. And in '49 when he was most valuable player in his league his contribution in the World Series was a mere .188 and the Dodgers were beaten in five games. Thus in two World Series, both against the Yankees, the outstanding ball player shows a batting average of .233 with 10 hits in 43 at bats. "I'd like to improve on that," Robinson said on the eve of the current series. "Of course, the main thing is to beat the Yankees. But I would like to come through with one really good World Series, and I know I'm not going to have many more opportunities. Robinson goes into the series in good shape. His hitting, which had been erattic in the late weeks of the season, seemed to be steadying toward the end and Jackie got the benefit of a few days off once the pennant was clinched. This is the second World Series for Roy Campanella. He hit, 267 against the Yanks in '49, four hits in 15 at bats. Among his hits was a home run. Campanella has not had an especially good season, but he, too, goes into the series fully rested and Charlie Dressen has hope that Roy's bat will respond to the big challenge. Joe Black and Edmundo Amoros, rookies, are in a World Series for the first time. Amoros, sub outfielder, will be used only as a pinch-hitter or pinch-runner, if at all, but Black is the key to Dressen's pitching hopes. Joe is prepared to see double- duty as a starter and reliever. Joe Walcott Convinced He Can Recapture Title Wendell Smith's SPORTS BEAT It Happens After Every Fight... PHILADELPHIA--The mass of human bodies clogging up the doorway to Jersey Joe Walcott's dressing room were those of sports writers who had deadlines to meet. The world was waiting for their prose, waiting to read how the ravages of time had finally gnawed the old man away and then left him stretched out on the canvas, completely disarmed, and shorn of all the glory he had known as heavyweight champion. But the writers couldn't get in. They cursed and shouted and pounded on the door. They pleaded with a policeman guarding the entrance for admission, but he simply shrugged his shoulders and said: "Felix will let you in, fellows, when he's ready. I can't get in myself. Felix will let you in pretty soon." He was speaking of Felix Bocchicchio, the manager. "The hell with Felix," someone shouted. "We don't want to see him, we want to talk with Walcott. He took the beating, not Felix." The cop simply shook his head and rolled his eyes helplessly. "Nothing I can do,"he replied, "you'll just have to wait." Not long after, the door opened and Harry Mendel, the short, fat press agent, came out. The writers fired vindictives at him, demanding entrance. When he finally got them to quiet down, Mendel said: "Felix wants you to know, fellows, that he will let you in pretty soon. Everyone will get a chance to talk to Walcott in a few minutes. It won't be long now." Then Mendel went back in the dressing room. The writers started shouting and screaming again. Finally, Bocchicchio came out. He was wearing a white sweater with "Walcott" written on the back. He raised his hands, gesturing for silence, and said: "I have an announcement to make." The writers poised their pencils, ready to scribble down the impending announcement for posterity. "Jersey Joe Walcott," Bocchicchio said, "is retiring as of this minute. He's all through and will never fight again." Felix Couldn't Stand to See Him Get Hurt . . . The writers surrounded Bocchicchio and started firing Irvin Will Be Ready Next Year (Special to the Courier) NEW YORK -- The Giants' game bid failed and they had to settle for second place, but the biggest morsel of news for the Giant fans to chew upon over the winter was the promise of little Doc Bowman that Monte Irvin would be as good as ever by the time another spring rolls around and the Giants convene at Phoenix. "I've been working on the guy's ankle ever day since he came back," said Doc, "And I've seen him come along steadily. The mobility has been more evident every day and I'm sure that he'll be just as fast as ever by next March. That could make a lot of difference to us next year." "You bet," Leo Durocher said when he heard about what Bowman had said. "That'll make a difference. He was the guy who helped us make it close. I doubt if we'd have finished any better than fourth if he hadn't gotten Monte back when he did. I know, too, that we might have won it again if we'd had Monte all year. That's no alibi for losing. It's just plain facts. You can't lose a big bat like his and not be hurt. NEWS Bell Stars In Opener By W. ROLLO WILSON PHILADELPHNA -- Ed Bell drove the first stakes around a claim as All-America end when he sparkled on offense and defense as the University of Pennsylvania opened its sixty-seventh football season against Notre Dame on Franklin Field Saturday. Captain Bob Evans' underdog Quakers held the fighting Irish to a 7.7 stalemate and com- Wants Another Chance-- Jersey Joe Walcott, shown after he had sent Rocky Marciano to the canvas in the first round of their championship battle last week, says he wants another chance at winning the crown. Walcott vows he'll not only keep Marciano in the canvas this time, but he'll become the first champion to ever regain his title in the heavyweight division--INP. Vic Power Ready for Little World Series (Special to the Courier) KANSAS CITY--The eyes of baseball scouts will focus on Kansas City and Rochester the next seven days mainly because a young tan baseball player--Vic Power--will be playing in the Junior World Series. Power, who was voted on the American Association All-Star squad, helped his Blues gain the finals of the series in beating Minneapolis and Milwaukee, the champions, in the playoffs. And what he does in the top classic in the Minor leagues can creased in 1953. Marquez and Clarkson are due back at Milwaukee and if Ray Dandridge sticks, the Millers will have a roommate for the veteran infielder. Ruben Gomez, a young hurler, may be the pride of Kansas City next season. Md. to Meet A. & T. Dec. 6 GREENSBORO, N. C. -- The A. and T. Aggies will definitely take on the strong Maryland State College eleven on Dec. 6 here in Greensboro Stadium. Bill Bell, director of athletics at A. and T. College made this announcement this week shortly after receipt of signed contracts from the Maryland Institution. The game had been listed only as "tentative" on the schedules of the two institutions for the Ex-King Changes Mind About Retiring By JACK SAUNDERS CAMDEN, N. J.--"Jersey Joe" Walcott, recently deposed heavyweight champion of the world, is positively certain that he will be the first fighter to regain the heavyweight title, and his manager, Felix Bocchicchio--and thousands more--is just about convinced that "Jersey Joe" will do the heretofore "impossible." Fully recovered from the shock of the stunning right of Rocky Marciano, who separated him from his cherished title, the magnificent old battler said last Thursday that he should have won last Tuesday's spectacular brawl in the first round, when he put Marciano down for five. "The next time we meet," he added soberly, "it will be a different story. I'll do my darndest to put him down in the first and if I do, I'll keep him down." THE REMARKABLE "Jersey Joe," who were more brilliant in defeat, when he fell before Marciano's sledge-hammer right to the jaw, than he was in victory, when he successfully defended the title against ex-champion Ezzard Charles, literally had to bed his manager to permit him to fight one more fight-- against Marciano. And when his manager, after announcing Joe's retirement last Tuesday night, acceded to Joe's wishes on Wednesday, Walcott said. "Thank God. I will try not the let Felix down." Walcott admitted quite frankly that he knew he would have a 1,000 strikes against him when he stepped into the ring to attempt to wrest the title from Marciano. He conceded that it would be logical for him to bet a rank underdog when he attempted to do what Jeffries, Dempsey, Louis and Charles failed to do--regain the heavyweight championship of the world. In another vein, however, he added that he had done the impossible before, and had faith enough in himself to believe that he could accomplish the impossible again. The announcement that "Jersey Joe" would not be retired isting between Walcott and Bocchicchio, who picked Walcott up off the "trash heap" and guided him to the heavyweight championship of the world, was never more pronounced as it was last Tuesday night in Walcott's dressing room at Municipal Stadium. "I don't give a tinker's damn about the money," said Bocchicchio, after declaring for the press that he was retiring Walcott. "Joe's health and well-being means more to me than 30 per cent of a million-dollar gate. As far as I'm concerned, he's through. If he fights again, he'll not have me as his manager. So it was a tremendous job that "Jersey Joe" Walcott had --convincing Bocchicchio that it would be alright for him to fight Marciano again. At first, Walcott waged a losing battle--Bocchicchio was sternly adamant. But finally Bocchicchio had to give in to Walcott's tears--for it was with tears in his eyes that the magnificent old "miracle man" of the prize ring begged Bocchicchio to let him fight until Bocchicchio couldn't say no. Millions of people, fans and experts alike, won't give Walcott a chance in a thousand of winning the title back from young, tough, tempestuous Rocky Marciano, when they fight again. THE RECORD books show, however, that Walcott has been fooling the experts for the past twenty-two years. Walcott fooled he experts when he launched his successful comeback in 1946-- after he had retired eight times. He fooled them when he waged his memorable battles against Joe Louis. he stunned them when he knocked out Charles to win the title, and baffled them when he successfully defended "Felix wants you to know, fellows, that he will let you in pretty soon. Everyone will get a chance to talk to Walcott in a few minutes. It won't be long now." Then Mendel went back in the dressing room. The writers started shouting and screaming again. Finally, Bocchicchio came out. He was wearing a white sweater with "Walcott" written on the back. He raised his hands, gesturing for silence, and said: "I have an announcement to make." The writers poised their pencils, ready to scribble down the impending announcement for posterity. "Jersey Joe Walcott," Bocchicchio said, "is retiring as of this minute. He's all through and will never fight again." * * * Felix Couldn't Stand to See Him Get Hurt The writers surrounded Bocchicchio and started firing questions. "Is this your decision or Walcott's?" someone asked. "It is a decision we both have made," Felix said. "I want him to quit and he has agreed. He's not going to fight again and I'm through as a manager. "I want him to quit before he gets hurt. I couldn't stand to see him injured permanently. He was enough money to live on in comfort now. I would say that he has made at least a million dollars since the first Louis fight. "We have seen to it that he has invested his money carefully and it is paying off. Jersey Joe doesn't need to fight, he's set financially. If he insists on fighting, he can go ahead. But I'm telling you now that if he does, he'll fight under another manager. I won't manage him again. I won't be responsible for anything that may happen to him." Then Bocchicchio gave the cop the sign to let the writers in. They swarmed into the dressing room. Walcott was sitting on a table with a towel drapped across his shoulders. His legs were dangling down, almost touching the floor. He was shaking his head from side to side, as though he still hadn't realized what had happened. He was despondent and embarrassed. His trainer, Dan Florio, was saying, "Don't worry, Joe. Everything's okay now. Don't worry about a thing." Billy Rowe, the New York deputy police commissioner, was sitting on Walcott's right. He put his arm around Jersey Joe's broad back and said: "That's right, Joe, don't worry. You have nothing to be ashamed of. You were a fine champion. Look up now and smile for the photographers." The photographers were standing on chairs and boxes in front of him, shooting pictures. "That's right, Joe," they shouted, "come on now, give us a big smile." Walcot looked up and gave them a reasonable facsimile. It was a sheepish sort of grin, however. There was nothing sincere behind it. There was nothing but pain and sorrow in that smile. It was a "good sportsmanship" smile, nothing more. The Old, Ex-Champion Didn't Feel Lik Talking . . . The writers wanted to know if he was all through fighting. Walcott reached up and felt the purple swelling over his left eye. His hand was quivering, the result of nervous tension. All fighters' hands quiver after a fight. "Well," he said slowly, "if Felix wants me to quit, I'll quit. The decision is up to him. He brought me this far and I'll have to go along with him." Then asked if he had been hurt by the bomb Marciano knocked him out with in the thirteenth round. "No," Walcott recalled. "It just knocked me out. I felt numb when I went down, couldn't get myself together. He's a stiff puncher. When he hits you, it hurts." Walcott kept rubbing the swelling over his eye and looking at his hand to see if there was any blood flowing from it, but there wasn't. The writers wanted to know if Marciano hit as hard as Joe Louis. Walcott kept shaking his head despondently. He didn't feel like answering all those silly questions, but he was obligated to do so. "I don't know," he said. "I don't know." They kept urging him to talk and make a comparison between Louis and Marciano. Finally, he said: "They're different types of punchers. I don't know which was the better puncher. All I know is that Marciano hits awfully hard." At this stage of the interview, Florio stepped beside the beaten fighter and said: "Come on, fellows, let's call it quits. Joe has to get dressed some time tonight. There's nothing more he can tell you." The writers started leaving. Some gave the dejected fighter a pat on the back, or a handshake, and then left. Most of them, however, went out without saying anything to Walcott. Outside, one of them said: "Well, that's all of him. That's the last of our dressing-room interviews with jersey Joe Walcott. He's all through." But that prediction proved to be wrong the next day. Walcott and Bocchicchio changed their minds and announced that Jersey Joe would fight again. He's going to try to win the title back. The announcement surprised no one. Don't they all try to win it back? No matter how old they are, they all try . . . and they all have failed. It only takes a fighter twenty-four hours to forget that he got knocked out the night before. They always swear the next day that it can't happen again. They believe the old adage which insists lightning never strikes the same place twice. Jersey Joe Walcott is no different. The old war horse is going to the battle pit one more time. Then the writers will have to go through the same ting again. They'll stand outside his dressing room and curse and swear and shout. They'll finally be admitted and resume firing questions at him. They'll want to know exactly how it happened and Jersey Joe will probably shake his head, feel the purple swelling over his eye, and say: "I don't know. I just don't know. I felt numb when I went down, couldn't get myself together. When he hits you, it hurts." That's probably the way it will be . . . It happens after every fight. Bell Stars In Opener By W. ROLLO WILSON PHILADELPHIA - Ed Bell drove the first stakes around a claim as All-America end when he sparkled on offense and defense at the University of Pennsylvania opened its sixty-seventh football season against Notre Dame on Franklin Field Saturday. Captain Bob Evans' underdog Quakers held the fighting Irish to a 7-7 stalemate and completely outplayed them throughout the second half. Notre Dame scored early in the first quarter and protected the lead until six minutes had elapsed in the third period. Then quarterback Glen Adams threw a pass which traveled twenty yards across and downfield to Bell. He was in the clear and easily outdistanced the Irish safety men as he traveled forty- five yards to score. Sempier kicked the conversion. In the final three minutes of the game Notre Dame drove from its own 20 to the Penn 30 under the magic of Ralph Guglielmis' passes. He heaved to Bob O'Neil who caught it on the 20, but Bell hit him so hard that he fumbled the ball before he was knocked out of bounds, Penn recovering. That ended the drive and the locals held possession to the end. Bob Evans played his usual star game at tackle but was forced to leave the field twice in the third quarter because of leg injuries. Until then he played for forty-three minutes. Boyd Wins West Coast Bat Crown LOS ANGELES - Seattle's great first baseman, Bob Boyd, came through with flying colors to win the Pacific Coast League's batting championship with a luscious .320. Trailing was his teammate, Artie Wilson, who came trailing the stretch with a final .316. Boyd's bat was one of the major assets of Seattle's team with Wilson also coming through for the Seals in fine fashion. Vic Power Ready for Little World Series (Special to the Courier) KANSAS CITY - The eyes of baseball scouts will focus on Kansas City and Rochester the next seven days mainly because a young tan baseball player - Vic Power - will be playing in the Junior World Series. Power, who was voted on the American Association All-Star squad, helped his Blues gain the finals of the series in beating Minneapolis and Milwaukee, the champions, in the playoffs. And what he does in the top classic in the Minor leagues can seal his fate for 1953. Power was a constant threat throughout the playoffs and his big bat played an important part in sweeping past the Millers and Brewers. Buzz Clarkson, George Crowe, Bill Bruton and Luis Marquez couldn't quite pulls the Brews through although the quartet played an important part in staging a five-run ninth inning rally in the final game of the series. It was Crowe's sizzling double that set the stage for the winning drive which fell short, 9-8. Power, who had as many ups and downs as any freshman player in the AA in history as he rode the bench, moved from position to position and fought through a siege of "bean ball pitches." His value on the baseball market today reaches high into six figures and he may be sold by the New York Yanks who own him. But the Yanks, desperate for new blood, may see fit to bring the first Negro base- ball player into Yankee stadium. When the 21-year-old outfielder and infielder does in the fall classic will probably decide whether Manager Casey Stengel takes a shot with him next spring or not. Crowe and Bruton, who may be a year away from the majors, but are definite threats to flan Sam Jethroe in the Boston out- field, will get their chances next spring. Crowe unlimbered his heavy bat against the St. Paul Saints and the best pitching the Blues could offer. He makes it possible for the Braves to deal Earl Torgeson. While the AA had a record of thirteen Negro players in 1952 that number may be increased in 1953. Marquez and Clarkson are due back at Milwaukee and if Ray Dandridge sticks, the Millers will have a roommate for the veteran infielder. Ruben Gomez, a young hurler, may be the pride of Kansas City next season. Al Smith, Dave Pope and Quincy Troupe will be welcomed back to Indianapolis. Only Columbus and Louisville ignored the signing and using of Negro aces last season. Dave Pope is with Cleveland, and may stick or figure in a trade. He's one of the best over- all prospects that Al Lopez will have a chance to watch next season. But the spotlight still focuses on Power and his play will be watched carefully by baseball men. - BIGGEST and the BEST - Paul Quinn Proves Easy ALCORN, Miss. - The Alcorn Braves ripped through Paul Quinn, 39 to 0 here, Saturday. The first score came when Bill Demby, left halfback for the Braves, went over from the Paul Quinn 11-yard line. The touchdown was set up after a sustained drive from the Alcorn 35-yard line where Jesse Dixon, alert Alcorn center, picked up an Alcorn fumble and carried it 25 yards to the Paul Quinn 35. Demby and Jesse Hosea alternated in carrying to the Paul Quinn 11, where Demby went over. Jesse Hosea carried into the end zone from the Paul Quinn 30 for the second marker. The third touchdown was made by Crump, who carried over from the Paul Quinn 17-yard line. In the second quarter, Tom Bynam, Paul Quinn quarterback, opened up a passing at- tack which was hogged down after a series of fumbles and penalties. After the half, Charles Goodall, speedy Paul Quinn fullback, alternated with James Jones, halfback, to run the ball to the Alcorn 3-yard line, where Thomas Morgan ended the threat by intercepting Bynam's pass. In the fourth quarter, Morgan intercepted another pass from Bynam intended for Jones on the Paul Quinn 15-yard line and scored. Later in the fourth quarter, Love passed to Humphrey from the Paul Quinn 24 for another score. The final tally came on a pass from Theodore Johnson to end Henry Johnson. Crump kicked for three points after touchdowns. Outstanding defensive players for Alcorn were John Smith, tackle; Teddy Davis, tackle, and Tolbert Mosely, linebacker. Alcorn made 19 first downs to Paul Quinn's 6. Yards gained from rushing, Alcorn 142; Paul Quinn, 47. Passes completed, Alcorn, 12, for a total gain of 109 yards; Paul Quinn, 11. Total gain, 93 yards. Md. to Meet A. & T. Dec. 6 GREENSBORO, N. C. - The A. and T. Aggies will definitely take on the strong Maryland State College eleven on Dec. 6 here in Greensboro Stadium. Bill Bell, director of athletics at A. and T. College made this announcement this week shortly after receipt of signed contracts from the Maryland institution. The game had been listed only as "tentative" on the schedules of the two institutions for the past two months, awaiting final agreement on particulars. - BIGGEST and the BEST - 5,000 Hi School Seniors To Be Guests at Aggie Tilt GREENSBORO, N. C. - Nearly 5,000 students from high schools in Virginia, North and South Carolina will witness the A. and T. Aggie-Virginia Union University football game as one of the featured attractions of the annual High School Senior Day to be celebrated here at A. and T. College this Saturday. [cut off] have a 1,000 strikes against him when he stepped into the ring to attempt to wrest the title from Marciano. He con- ceded that it would be logical for him to bet a rank under- dog when he attempted to do what Jeffries, Dempsey, Louis and Charles failed to do - regain the heavyweight championship of the world. In another vein, however, he added that he had done the impossible before, and had faith enough in himself to believe that he could accomplish the impossible again. The announcement that "Jersey Joe" would not be retired was made by Bocchicchio at a press conference here, at the Walt Whitman Hotel, Walcott's headquarters. After Bocchicchio had spoken, Walcott said: "I have always been guided by my manager's judgment and there is no doubt his advice brought the championship to Camden. I know in my heart that I can make boxing history by recapturing the championship. Therefore, I have convinced my manger to take a return contest." THE BOND of friendship ex [cut off] Millions of people, fans and experts alike, won't give Walcott a chance in a thousand of winning the title back from young, tough, tempestuous Rocky Marciano, when they fight again THE RECORD books show, however, that Walcott has been foiling the experts for the past twenty-two years. Walcott fooled the experts when he launched his successful comeback in 1946 - after he had retired eight times. He fooled them when he waged his memorable battles against Joe Louis. He stunned them when he knocked out Charles to win the title, and baffled them when he successfully defended the crown against Charles. Being the unpredictable fighter that he is, "Jersey Joe" Walcott may even send the experts to the "not house" by beating Marciano in the return bout, and become the first man in history to regain the heavyweight championship of the world. You can earn a HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA in your spare time, in your own home! No classes. All materials furnished. Certified teachers. Diploma awarded. Write today for complete information - SOUTHERN STATES ACADEMY Box 144-P, Station F., Atlanta, Georgia. [advertisement] World Series Home Run Records: 3 by one player in one game, 5 by one team in one game, 9 by one team in an entire series. Be Sure to Vote Tuesday Nov. 4th Sure as Nine home runs is a World Series record . . . Sometimes, from the first crack of the bat, you know it's a homer, and the ball's headed right out of the park! Every time, from the first sip of a perfect drink, you know it's a 7 Crown drink . . . and right out of this world! Say Seagram's and be Sure. Seagram's 7 Crown. Blended Whiskey, 86.8 Proof. Grain Neutral Spirits. Seagram-Distillers Corp, N.Y. Guardian, Boston. OF THE RACE [*July 15-1939*] PRES. F. D. ROOSEVELT Who, when Secretary of the Navy refused to be a party to Federal segregation of the race by refusing to order separate rest rooms, etc. for colored and white employees. [*Boston Guardian July 15.'39*] J. E. MULHOLLAND A jealous and aggressive upholder of human rights---Worked with the organizations seeking equality of races prior to the organization of the N.A.A.C.P. [*July 15-1939*] ________________________________________ wishes to the future Frank Brown's (she's Ella Mae Brandon) who are to be welded this Sept. 17. . . To Leslie Hines who has been awarded a four year's scholarship at B.U., in recognition of his excellent record maintained at English High School... We Cole- man, Jr.'s were treated to a spin t'other nite with the Leslie Physics in their gorgeous '39 Buick—cigars will be in order the early part of the fall when the ideal twosome will become a threesome...end of congratz.... BACKWASH: It seems as though several teachers in one of the Boston high schools devoted to the erudition of females were quite indignant and couldn't quite become accustomed to the realization of having a colored girl represent her class in the capacity of president. From sources concerning this same subject it is also said that the tension was powerful—many sepias sided with the ofays in the brewing discontentment. [?This] Mrs. Terrell Warns: 'Jim Crow Hurts U.S.' [*Pitts. Courier 8/26/50*] Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, hardy civil rights crusader at 87 years, last week jolted delegates at a dinner meeting of the conference on Aging held recently at the Shoreham Hotel, when she turned the spotlight of thinking from old-age problems to the race problem. Mrs. Terrell was one of 800 delegates attending the Federal Security Administration-sponsored conference, which marked the first national meeting ever held on the subject of "aging." While making a dinner speech, the crusader stated that while she was "genuinely and deeply interested in the session son religion, education, and the other subjects to be discussed at the conference, that she was obliged to admit that "owing to conditions obtaining at this time she was more interested in race relations than anything else. DEPLORES CONDITIONS Deploring racial conditions in this country, Mrs. TErrell pointed out that four-fifths of the world's population are colored people, and said that Russia is "assiduously cultivating the friendship of the colored people of the world so that she can count upon their assistance and good-will in the event of the third World War." The rights crusader said that she "felt it was her duty: to call the attention of the broad-minded, justice-loving people attending the conference to the facts which she presented "because she loves her country and regrets to see conditions obtaining in it which will caus four-fifths of the world's population to hate it." Among the principal speakers at the conference was Federal Security Administrator Oscar R. Ewing. The conference brought together some of the country's leading experts to study what an older population means to the individual, the family, the community and the nation. P. Courier 8/12/50 right, national president of the association. Mrs. Stewart is shown presenting the Governor with a plaque for services rendered to the people of the State of New Jersey. Center photo shows the past presidents of the association grouped with Mrs. Stewart, the current head of the group. Seated are Mrs. Sallie W. Stewart, Evansville, Ind., 1928-33; Mrs. Elizabeth Carter Brooks, New Bedford, Mass., 1908-12, first; colored teacher in her city; Dr. Mary Church Terrell, Washington, D.C., first president, 1986-1901. Standing Dr. Mary [*SEPTEMBER*] [*Oct 1949*] [*SEPT 1949*] FIGHT FOR FREEDOM--Women of all races, members of the National Committee to Free the Ingram Family, petitioned the Social and Economic Council of the UN last week in another drive to free the widowed mother of twelve and her two sons from a Georgia jail and death house. A group of almost a hundred women took the trip and some of them watched as Mrs. Mary Church Terrill, left, presented the petition to Mrs. Alva Myrdal, Acting Assistant Secretary General of the Department of Social Affairs of the U. N. Secretariat.--Rowe Photo. [*PITTSBURGH COURIER*] N. Y. AMTERDAM NEWS, OCT. 1, 1949 7 Ingram Brief Presented to U. N. Official Mrs. Alva Myrdal, Acting Assistant Secretary-General of the Department of Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, on Wednesday received a delegation of American citizens organized by the National Committee to Free the Ingram Family, which presented to her a copy of a memorandum which the National Committee is addressing to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Mrs. Myrdal received the memorandum on behalf of the Secretary-General and informed the delegation of the procedure which the Economic and Social Council has laid down for the treatment of communications of this kind in 1947. She drew attention to the fact that the Economic and Social Council in the resolution covering this procedure has endorsed the statement that the Commission on Human Rights has no power to take action in regard to any complaints concerning human rights. A brief indication of the substance of the petition will be inserted in the confidential list of communications which the Secretariat furnishes to each session of the Commission on Human Rights in private meeting. Courier March 15 1952 Commentator Pearson Blasts Beating (Statement from Drew Pearson columnist and news commentator, on Green protest rally.) "I am sorry I can't be with you tonight. But I do want to join with you in protesting against the recent and shocking episodes of unwarranted violence on the part of certain members of the metropolitan police force. Such police methods are as dangerous and undemocratic as they are unjust. "The recent incidents here in the nation's capital are doubly insidious because all are directed against a single segment of our citizenry. In my view, this specialized brutality is the most vicious aspect of the case, for it represents a complete rejection of the very foundation of our democracy. "Andy Cook, the parking lot attendant whose arm was broken, recently, is my friend. I have known Andy and liked him over the years. When I heard of the incident on the [?] Feb. 18, I immediately [?] ________________________________________________________________________ Pearson Blasts Beating (Continued from Page 1) what steps I could to insure that full justice was done. "Police Superintendent Murray assured my office that he would get to the root of the matter, Major Murray, whom I consider to be a really fine police officer, has since followed through with his promise to get to the bottom of the case. I feel certain that Andy will get full justice and redress. "Frankly, I am proud to have played a small part in this situation, and I'll do it again, if necessary. But I certainly hope it won't be necessary. "It is my sincere hope that through this meeting tonight the problem of police brutality will be spotlighted and exposed for all our citizens to see. This is my hope—for in our democracy, injustice cannot survive in the face of an aroused citizenry." —BIGGEST and the BEST — [*Boston Guardian July 15 - '39*] [PICTURE] WM. ENGLISH WALLING One of the founders of the N.A.A.C.P.—Was a friend and supporter of Editor Wm. M. Trotter. THE NIGERIANS IN THE WAR. In "With the Nigerians in German East Africa" (Methuen, 15s.), Captain W. D. Downes has enlivened a useful history of the operations of the Nigerian Brigade with many interesting details of the behaviour of the black troops in a campaign in which the men were opposed by a variety of enemies: Germans, wild beasts, sickness, heat, hunger, flood. Captain Downes says the African native has proved himself to be made of first-class fighting material--just as good as the best Indian soldier when properly trained and officered. This is as true of the German native soldier as of those who fought under the British. The author concludes his narrative with the crossing of General von Lettow into Portuguese territory, when Germany lost her last colony. He regards the German Commander-in-Chief as a genius in the art of bush warfare, and a most remarkable leader of men. "To him discomfort, hunger, heat, shortage of ammunition and supplies, were all as nothing. He had one object in life only, and that was never to be taken by the British. He has earned for himself undying fame for being a brave man and a worthy enemy." A CHICAGO le conflit entre noirs et blancs tourne a l'emeute Chicago, 30 juillet Le conflit entre blancs et noirs prend des proportions serieuses. Les desordres se sent propages dans le nord de la ville. Ce matin, la greve de 5.000 employes de tramways a complique encore la situation. Une bande d'un millier de blancs et autant la nuit derniere, aux coins des rues, et de maison en maison. Les bands ont disparu seulement, quand la police montee, arrivant sur la scene du combat, a charge les groupes. De nombreux duels individuels a coups de couteaux et de rasoir viennent ajouter au nombre des victimes. Plusieurs hopitaux sont remplus de blesses. Vera minuit, les pillards et les incendiaires sont apparus et ont mis plusieurs maisons en feu. Le gouverneur de l'Ilinois annonce la mobilisation de 4.000 hommes de troupes pour retablir l'ordre. Les negres coupent les fils telegraphiques et telephoniques afin de retarder l'envoi de la police. Une revolte a eclate aujourd'hui a midi a la prison ou les blancs, se trouvait environ 20 contre un noir, ont reduit les gardiens a l'impuissance. LES MITRAILLEUSES SONT PRETES Paris, 30 juillet. - On mande de Chicago a la "Chicago Tribune", edition de Paris : On s'attend a ce que les troubles soient plus violents que jamais. Ce matin, quand 25.000 negres se rendront au travail, les troupes, baionnette au canon, seront postees aux differents endroits ainsi que des mitrailleuses. Onevalue a 20 le nombre de personnes qui ont deja ete tuees et a plusieurs containes celui des personnes blessees. Six policement au moins ont ete blesses, dont deux mortellement. Trois blancs sont parmi les morts. La garde nationale a ete mobilisee et toutes les forces de police sont tenues en reserve. 'La Tribune' St. Etienne Church Body Told Japs Use Race Issue [*Jan 2 43*] NEW YORK - Japan is capitalizing on the color problem in America by trying to convince the Chinese that failure of the U.S. to grant social equality to colored Americans is proof that she cannot be trusted to grant racial parity at the end of the war, 300 delegates to a Mobilization for Victory meet were told here Sunday. The charge was made by Dr. F. Ernest Johnson, professor of education at Teachers' College, Columbia University, and secretary of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ, during the conference, sponsored by the United Synagogues of America and held at the Hotel Pennsylvania. Must Solve "Race Problem" Dr. Johnson declared: "The Japanese propaganda machine is making capital of the color problem by trying to convince the Chinese that the United States which has not granted racial equality to colored Americans could never be expected to grant racial parity at the end of the war. "The war poses directly the issue of whether racial origin shall determine the destiny of people. To be sure, the mere winning of the war will not determine the issue. But it will confront us in America with a terrific imperative to resolve our own racial conflict in a way consistent with the declared aims and slogans of the war." THE WASHINGTON AFRO-AMERICAN, JANUARY 2, 1943 Can't Have Jim Crow and Democracy - - - Pearl Buck Nobel Prize Winner with AFRO 3 Hours (Continued from Page 1) relationships only at the top. We need a broader basis for relationships. we must learn to know each other as common people the world over. Big, motherly Pearl Buck looked at me and said, I have never talked like this to a newspaperman before, but believe me I mean every word of it." His Six Children Miss Buck who is Mrs. Richard Walsh on her Pennsylvania farm, is in New York one day a week. Her daily writing period at home is from 8:30 to noon. After that she looks after her six children, and "I act like a wife to my husband." Besides this she devotes time to the East and West Association, and other interracial groups. Ordinarily AFRO interviews are conducted in absolute privacy. This time a dignified woman who was looking for a secretarial job with Miss Buck, and Dorothy Dunbar Bromley, women's page editor, New York Herald Tribune, were present. I was agreed that AFRO exclusives would not appear in the Herald Tribune until after release in the AFRO. Writer Real Humanitarian Miss Buck is a humanitarian. She is not only acutely interested in the problems of the Chinese and Indians, but also in every segment of the American population. One look at her and you are convinced of her personal honesty and sincerity. She was dressed in a simple brown garment, no nail polish and no discernible rouge. She says that she smokes but did not smoke during the three hours I talked with her. I was surprised that she wore no Chinese ornaments on her simple dress. "That would be superficial," she said. Lays Hate to Ignorance Miss Buck apparently attributes much of American race hat to ignorance and misinformation. "In America, people learn by the radio, motion pictures, comic books and the lower levels of books and magazines," she said. "On the other hand we also have trade unions, churches, and women's clubs. But we have but little actual desire to learn about other peoples. Home Problems Overlooked "The white people of America are interested in India and China, because they are good stories. Harlem is a good story, too, but their attention has not yet been directed to our own minority problems. "In America, everybody reads books. In China only a few people read but the Chinese people are philosophical and, there are no race prejudices in China." Most of the above statements were directed to Miss Bromley, who is, incidentally, one of America's best paid women journalists. Views on Lewis Jones One of Miss Buck's first direct responses to an AFRO query concerned Lewis Jones. Lewis Jones is the colored man who preferred to serve time in jail rather than time in a jim-crow army. I asked her whether she thought that Lewis Jones had damaged colored America by his refusal to serve in our army. "There are some people who will find their best contribution to the cause through one method, while others can give their best through different actions," she replied. "I shall not say that Jones is right, but I cannot say that he is wrong. Opposes All Jim Crow "I wholeheartedly support the war against fascism, but endorse a man's right to be a conscientious objector." Perhaps fearing that I had misconstrued her she added, "Understand now, I don't believe in jim crow anywhere. "Jones may have damaged the cause in America. That remains to be seen. For that matter, every time you life a voice of pro- [?] Motherly Pearl Buck [photograph] 'I have never talked like this to a newspaper man before..." Her real name is Mrs. Richard Walsh. She won the Pulitzer Prize, 1931, with her book, "The Good Earth," and the Nobel Award in Literature, 1938. many Chinese found the body odor of white people unpleasant. I asked Miss Buck about this. "Yes, there is an offensive body odor; I have noticed it myself," she stated. "When I lived among Chinese people for years and suddenly saw a white person I detected the peculiar odor. It is not racial, but dietary. You actually smell like what you eat." I asked Miss Buck whether the people of China reminded her of the colored people of America. Hits Color Prejudice "All people who are struggling for democratic rights are basically similar," she said. "There is one significant difference - some of the colored people in America subdivide themselves on the basis of color. I think this is pure nonsense. I think, for example, that Paul Robeson is one of the handsomest men I ever met. "I hate color prejudice whether it's in or outside the race. I feel the same away about anti- Semitism. We've simply got to learn more about each other and get over these silly prejudices." In an address delivered early last week, Miss Buck had expressed fear that this was but the first of two wars. She stated at that time, that unless we made sure that the course of this war was democratic we may have another war in the near future. She explained this to the AFRO: Must Fight for Same Things "I believe that this is a war for democracy, but all of us must fight for the same things. For example, we cannot win this war until race prejudice is wiped out. "Our leaders fighting alone for high ideals are not enough. We, the people, must fight together. White people must learn that we can't have democracy and jim crow, too." Miss Buck stared at the AFRO. She clenched her plump fists and smacked them together. I got the impression that she was socking a jim-crow artist with one hand and writing about China with the other. I asked whether race hate is on the increase. Her answer was actually "Yes" and "No." Race Freedom a War Aim "There is a lessening and also an increase," she pointed out. "The people who were always against jim crow are now coming out against it. The people who were for it are doing the same thing. "We are now having a crystallization of the battle. The issues are now sharp and clear. Race freedom is now part of our war aims. Miss Buck thinks that the colored man in America has a tendency to become too subjective. She admitted, however, that it was natural for us to think of ourselves as the only oppressed minority. Urges Minorities to Unite "It is only because you have so grievously suffered. But you have got to pool your sufferings for other minorities. Remember that the poor white man who injures you is going to be poor as well as he keeps it up. "To overcome subjectivity you must join in trade unions, interracial groups, and everything else that affords a change for "getting together." "We must fight the battle for equality from our own place in life. If we are church people then use the church, if you are a school teacher then utilize the classroom. But the idea is to fight it from your own home grounds." Some of the people interviewed in this series feel that we should postpone our struggles for democratic rights until after the war. "Fight for Rights Now" Miss Buck thinks our struggles rate an "S" card. "Freedom must begin now," she declared. "Your struggles for freedom will become part of our anti-fascist war aims. Keep up that fight." When I told her that colored people in America considered her a real aid in their fight, she blushed and began to chat about China. "Some Chinese people feel sorry for whites," the writer said. "A Chinese mother once told me that I must be worried. I asked her why, and she said, "You can never tell whether your baby will be blond or brunette, or have light or dark eyes. We Chinese mothers always know." "My nurse, when I was a baby [?] fashioned a bonnet that covered my eyes and hair. She thought they were sinfully ugly." Miss Buck has gray eyes and fading yellow hair. Second Emancipation IF - Then Miss Buck said, "Sometimes I am ashamed of being white. I have seen white people do so many cruel things. Sometimes I want to hide my face in shame." Discussing a second Emancipation Proclamation, Miss Buck carefully phrased final analysis was: "It would be a great help to [?] Refused Train Meals, Sue (Continued from Page 1) secured to them by the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution, the Federal Civil Rights Act, and the Interstate Commerce Act. Damages Sought As consequences of their not being served, the plaintiffs state that they were publicly humiliated and embarrassed, suffered great shock and severe distress, discomfort and injury to health. They ask compensatory damages of $10,000 and punitive damages of $5,000 from the two defendants for the refusal of service on November 7, and compensatory damages of $5,000 and punitive with AFRO 3 Hours relationships only at the top. We need a broader basis for relationships. we must learn to know each other as common people the world over. Big, motherly Pearl Buck looked at me and said, I have never talked like this to a newspaperman before, but believe me I mean every word of it." His Six Children Miss Buck who is Mrs. Richard Walsh on her Pennsylvania farm, is in New York one day a week. Her daily writing period at home is from 8:30 to noon. After that she looks after her six children, and "I act like a wife to my husband." Besides this she devotes time to the East and West Association, and other interracial groups. Ordinarily AFRO interviews are conducted in absolute privacy. This time a dignified woman who was looking for a secretarial job with Miss Buck, and Dorothy Dunbar Bromley, women's page editor, New York Herald Tribune, were present. I was agreed that AFRO exclusives would not appear in the Herald Tribune until after release in the AFRO. Writer Real Humanitarian Miss Buck is a humanitarian. She is not only acutely interested in the problems of the Chinese and Indians, but also in every segment of the American population. One look at her and you are convinced of her personal honesty and sincerity. She was dressed in a simple brown garment, no nail polish and no discernible rouge. She says that she smokes but did not smoke during the three hours I talked with her. I was surprised that she wore no Chinese ornaments on her simple dress. "That would be superficial," she said. Lays Hate to Ignorance Miss Buck apparently attributes much of American race hat to ignorance and misinformation. "In America, people learn by the radio, motion pictures, comic books and the lower levels of books and magazines," she said. "On the other hand we also have trade unions, churches, and women's clubs. But we have but little actual desire to learn about other peoples. Home Problems Overlooked "The white people of America are interested in India and China, because they are good stories. Harlem is a good story, too, but their attention has not yet been directed to our own minority problems. "In America, everybody reads books. In China only a few people read but the Chinese people are philosophical and, there are no race prejudices in China." Most of the above statements were directed to Miss Bromley, who is, incidentally, one of America's best paid women journalists. Views on Lewis Jones One of Miss Buck's first direct responses to an AFRO query concerned Lewis Jones. Lewis Jones is the colored man who preferred to serve time in jail rather than time in a jim-crow army. I asked her whether she thought that Lewis Jones had damaged colored America by his refusal to serve in our army. "There are some people who will find their best contribution to the cause through one method, while others can give their best through different actions," she replied. "I shall not say that Jones is right, but I cannot say that he is wrong. Opposes All Jim Crow "I wholeheartedly support the war against fascism, but endorse a man's right to be a conscientious objector." Perhaps fearing that I had misconstrued her she added, "Understand now, I don't believe in jim crow anywhere. "Jones may have damaged the cause in America. That remains to be seen. For that matter, every time you life a voice of pro- [?] Motherly Pearl Buck [photograph] 'I have never talked like this to a newspaper man before..." Her real name is Mrs. Richard Walsh. She won the Pulitzer Prize, 1931, with her book, "The Good Earth," and the Nobel Award in Literature, 1938. many Chinese found the body odor of white people unpleasant. I asked Miss Buck about this. "Yes, there is an offensive body odor; I have noticed it myself," she stated. "When I lived among Chinese people for years and suddenly saw a white person I detected the peculiar odor. It is not racial, but dietary. You actually smell like what you eat." I asked Miss Buck whether the people of China reminded her of the colored people of America. Hits Color Prejudice "All people who are struggling for democratic rights are basically similar," she said. "There is one significant difference - some of the colored people in America subdivide themselves on the basis of color. I think this is pure nonsense. I think, for example, that Paul Robeson is one of the handsomest men I ever met. "I hate color prejudice whether it's in or outside the race. I feel the same away about anti- Semitism. We've simply got to learn more about each other and get over these silly prejudices." In an address delivered early last week, Miss Buck had expressed fear that this was but the first of two wars. She stated at that time, that unless we made sure that the course of this war was democratic we may have another war in the near future. She explained this to the AFRO: Must Fight for Same Things "I believe that this is a war for democracy, but all of us must fight for the same things. For example, we cannot win this war until race prejudice is wiped out. "Our leaders fighting alone for high ideals are not enough. We, the people, must fight together. White people must learn that we can't have democracy and jim crow, too." Miss Buck stared at the AFRO. She clenched her plump fists and smacked them together. I got the impression that she was socking a jim-crow artist with one hand and writing about China with the other. I asked whether race hate is on the increase. Her answer was actually "Yes" and "No." Race Freedom a War Aim "There is a lessening and also an increase," she pointed out. "The people who were always against jim crow are now coming out against it. The people who were for it are doing the same thing. "We are now having a crystallization of the battle. The issues are now sharp and clear. Race freedom is now part of our war aims. Miss Buck thinks that the colored man in America has a tendency to become too subjective. She admitted, however, that it was natural for us to think of ourselves as the only oppressed minority. Urges Minorities to Unite "It is only because you have so grievously suffered. But you have got to pool your sufferings for other minorities. Remember that the poor white man who injures you is going to be poor as well as he keeps it up. "To overcome subjectivity you must join in trade unions, interracial groups, and everything else that affords a change for "getting together." "We must fight the battle for equality from our own place in life. If we are church people then use the church, if you are a school teacher then utilize the classroom. But the idea is to fight it from your own home grounds." Some of the people interviewed in this series feel that we should postpone our struggles for democratic rights until after the war. "Fight for Rights Now" Miss Buck thinks our struggles rate an "S" card. "Freedom must begin now," she declared. "Your struggles for freedom will become part of our anti-fascist war aims. Keep up that fight." When I told her that colored people in America considered her a real aid in their fight, she blushed and began to chat about China. "Some Chinese people feel sorry for whites," the writer said. "A Chinese mother once told me that I must be worried. I asked her why, and she said, "You can never tell whether your baby will be blond or brunette, or have light or dark eyes. We Chinese mothers always know." "My nurse, when I was a baby [?] fashioned a bonnet that covered my eyes and hair. She thought they were sinfully ugly." Miss Buck has gray eyes and fading yellow hair. Second Emancipation IF - Then Miss Buck said, "Sometimes I am ashamed of being white. I have seen white people do so many cruel things. Sometimes I want to hide my face in shame." Discussing a second Emancipation Proclamation, Miss Buck carefully phrased final analysis was: "It would be a great help to our problem. It would be a vital contribution to the struggle: If we had someone to make it. Because it would take another Abraham Lincoln to create it. [?] unite on March Movement Miss Buck could not make up her mind on the March-on-Washington [?] Movement. If we allowed the movement simply to begin, but can't make up my mind,: she said. In my mind anything that helps the situation is probably right. I don't know whether the march is right or wrong. If I knew my own mind on it I'd speak, but my mind is not yet made up." As I got up to go, Miss Buck said, "Nature will solve the race problem in America in 500 years. But I am impatient. I want to get started on it much sooner- now even." Refused Train Meals, Sue (Continued from Page 1) secured to them by the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution, the Federal Civil Rights Act, and the Interstate Commerce Act. Damages Sought As consequences of their not being served, the plaintiffs state that they were publicly humiliated and embarrassed, suffered great shock and severe distress, discomfort and injury to health. They ask compensatory damages of $10,000 and punitive damages of $5,000 from the two defendants for the refusal of service on November 7, and compensatory damages of $5,000 and punitive damages of $5,000 from the Southern Railway for refusal of service on November 8. The total claimed against the Southern exclusives would not appear in the Herald Tribune until after release in the AFRO. WRITER REAL HUMANITARIAN Miss Buck is a humanitarian. She is not only acutely interested in the problems of he Chinese and Indians. but also in every segment of the American population. One look at her and you are convinced of her personal honesty and sincerity. She was dressed in a simple brown garment, no nail polish and no discernible rouge. She says that she smokes but did not smoke during the three hours I talked with her. I was surprised that she wore no Chinese ornaments on her simple dress. "That would be superficial," she said. Lays Hate to Ignorance Miss Buck apparently attributes much of American race hate to ignorance and misinformation. "In America, people learn by the radio, motion pictures, comic books and the lower levels of books and magazines," she said. "On the other hand we also have trade unions, churches, and women's clubs. But we have but little actual desire to learn about other peoples. Home Problems Overlooked "The white people of America are interested in India and China, because they are good stories. Harlem is a good story, too, but their attention has not yet been directed to our own minority problems. "In America, everybody reads books. In China only a few people read, but the Chinese people are philosophical and, there are no race prejudices in China." Most of the above statements were directed to Miss Bromley, who is, incidentally, one of America's best paid women journalists. Views on Lewis Jones One of Miss Buck's first direct responses to an AFRO query concerned Lewis Jones. Lewis Jones is the colored man who preferred to serve time in jail rather than time in a jim-crow army. I asked her whether she thought that Lewis Jones had damaged colored America by his refusal to serve in our army. "There are some people who will find their best contribution to the cause through one method, while others can give their best through different actions," she replied. "I shall not say that Jones is right, but I cannot say that he is wrong. Opposes All Jim Crow "I wholeheartedly support the war against fascism, but endorse a man's right to be a conscientious objector." Perhaps fearing that I had misconstrued her she added, "Understand now, I don't believe in jim crow anywhere. "Jones may have damaged the cause in America. That remains to be seen. For that matter, every time you life a voice of protest you damage something. On the other hand, that is the way progress is made, it all depends...." She did finish her sentence. [partial photograph with caption] "I have never talked like this to a newspaper man before..." Her real name is Mrs. Richard Walsh. She won the Pulitzer Prize, 1931, with her book, "The Good Earth," and the Nobel Award in Literature, 1938. White People's Odor Carl Murphy had told [m?] many Chinese found the body odor of white people unpleasant. I asked Miss Buck about this. "Yes, there is an offensive body odor; I have noticed it myself," she stated. "When I lived among Chinese people for years and suddenly saw a white person I detected the peculiar odor. It is not racial, but dietary. You actually smell like what you eat." I asked Miss Buck whether the people of China reminded her of the colored people of America. Hits Color Prejudice "All people who are struggling for democratic rights are basically similar," she said. "There is one significant difference - some of the colored people in America subdivide themselves on the basis of color. I think this is pure nonsense. I think, for example, that Paul Robeson is one of the handsomest men I ever met. "I hate color prejudice whether it's in or outside the race. I feel the same away about anti-Semitism. We've simply got to learn more about each other and get over these silly prejudices." In an address delivered early last week, Miss Buck had ex- Refused Train Meals, Sue (Continued from Page 1) secured them by the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution, the Federal Civil Rights Act, and the Interstate Commerce Act. Damages Sought. As consequences of their not being served, the plaintiffs state that they were publicly humiliated and embarrassed, suffered great shock and severe distress, discomfort and injury to health. They ask compensatory damages of $10,000 and punitive damages of $5,000 from the two defendants for the refusal of service on November 7, and compensatory damages of $5,000 and punitive damages of $5,000 from the Southern Railway for refusal of service on November 8. The total claimed against the Southern [photograph] I asked whether race hate is on the increase. Her answer was actually "Yes" and "No." Race Freedom a War Aim "There is a lessening and also an increase," she pointed out. "The people who were always against jim crow are now coming out against it. The people who were for it are doing the same thing. "We are now having a crystallization of the battle. The issues are now sharp and clear. Race freedom is now part of our war aims. Miss Buck thinks that the colored man in America has a tendency to become too subjective. She admitted, however, that it was natural for us to think of ourselves as the only oppressed minority. Urges Minorities to Unite "It is only because you have so grievously suffered. But you have got to pool your sufferings with other minorities. Remember [?] the poor white man who [?] you is going to be poor as [?] as he keeps it up. "To overcome subjectivity [?] must join in trade unions, [?] racial groups, and everything else that affords a chance for 'getting together.' "We must fight the battle for equality from our own place in life. If we are church people then use the church, if you are a school teacher, then utilize the classroom. But the idea is to fight it from your own home grounds." Some of the people interviewed in this series feel that we should postpone our struggles for democratic rights until after the war. "Fight for Rights Now" Miss Buck thinks our struggle[?] rate an "S" card. "Freedom must begin now," she declared. "Your struggles for freedom will become part of our anti-fascist war aims. Keep up that fight." When I told her colored people in America considered her a real aid in their fight, she blushed and began to chat about China. "Some Chinese people feel sorry for whites," the writer said. "A Chinese mother once told me that I must be worried. I asked her why, and she said, 'You can never tell whether your baby will be blond or brunette, or have light or dark eyes. We Chinese mothers always know.' "My nurse, when I was a baby fashioned a bonnet that covered my eyes and hair. She thought they were sinfully ugly." Miss Buck has gray eyes and fading yellow hair. Second Emancipation IF Then Miss Buck said, "Some times I am ashamed of being white. I have seen white people do so many cruel things. Some times I want to hide my face [?] shame." Discussing a second Emancipation Proclamation, Miss Buck carefully phrased final analysis was: "It would be a great help to o[?] problem. It would be a vital contribution to the struggle: [?] we had someone to make it. B [?] [?] [?]ould take another Abraham [?] to create it." [?]nite on March Movement [?] Buck could not make [?] [?]nd on the March-on-Wa[?] [?] Movement. [?]allowed the movement sin[?] [?]in, but can't make up my mind," she said. "In my mind anything that helps the situation is probably right. I don't know whether the March is right [?] wrong. If I knew my own mind on it I'd speak, but my mind is not yet made up." As I got up to go, Miss Buck said, "Nature will solve the race problem in America in 500 years. But I am impatient. I want to get started on it much sooner - now even." Refused Train Meals, Sue (Continued from Page 1) secured to them by the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution, the Federal Civil Rights Act, and the Interstate Commerce Act. Damages Sought As consequences of their not being served, the plaintiffs state that they were publicly humiliated and embarrassed, suffered great shock and severe distress, discomfort and injury to health. They ask compensatory damages of $10,000 and punitive damages of $5,000 from the two defendants for the refusal of service on November 7, and compensatory damages of $5,000 and punitive damages of $5,000 from the Southern Railway for refusal of service on November 8. The total claimed against the Southern ?NGTON AFRO-AMERIC WASHINGTON, D.C., JANUARY 2, 1943 Entered in the Postoffice Second-Class Matter [?] [?]w Annoys [?]'t Have Jim Crow and [?]ocracy --- Pearl Buck [photograph] the Old the New Pearl Buck Talks with AFRO 3 Hours Here's How to Win the War in Pearl Buck's Nutshell All of us must fight for the same things Your struggles for freedom will become part of our war aims, keep up the fight. The poor white man who insults you is going to be poor as ling as he keeps it up. I don't believe in jim crow anywhere. I think those who refuse to serve in the army are making a mistake. By MICHAEL CARTER Exclusively for the AFRO-AMERICAN Newspapers [Copyright. Republication in whole or in part expressly forbidden.] Pearl Buck says that although all people should join the struggle to win a war, she cannot blame a colored man for refusing to serve in our army. "I am simply against every jim crow anywhere, and the sooner we get rid of it the better off we shall be." Miss Buck made this bold statement in an exclusive AFRO interview. She welcomed me into her private room at the offices of her publishers, John Day Company, New York, and said that she was more than glad to talk to colored people, for colored people, and about colored people. "I have every sympathy for any colored man who refuses to serve under jim crow conditions," she declared. "I think those who refuse are making a mistake, but I can understand their reasons. Equality No Gift "This is a peoples' war and the people must use it to destroy fascism here and abroad. At present the war is in a malleable state. I believe that we can sooner arrive at our ultimate ends through service, rather than refusal. You must plunge into it so it will keep its democratic shape. Nobody is going to give you equality. You have to fight for it." She feels that unless we in America solve the major race problems of the world we shall have lost our war aims. Learn More about People "Race prejudice flourishes when peoples don't know each other. We know something about India and China but we know too little about Maryland and Harlem" Miss Buck said. Refused Train Meals, Women Ask $40,000 Dr. Alexander and Her Sister-in-Law Are Joint Plaintiffs Charging that they were refused dining car service, Mrs. S[?] die T.M. Alexander, of Philadelphia, and Dr. Virginia M. Alexander, 1830 Sixteenth Street, Northwest, filed suit last Monday in the District Court against the Southern Railway Company and the Washington Terminal Company for damages totaling $40,000. Mrs. Alexander is the wife of Raymond Pace Alexander. Both are prominent Philadelphia lawyers. Dr. Alexander is his sister and is employed by the District of Columbia Public Health Department. Refused Service Twice In their complaint, filed through Houston, Houston, and Hastie, attorneys, the plaintiffs state that they were refused dining car service while the Crescent, [?] Southern Railway train,[?] standing in the yard at Union Station taking on passengers on November 7, 1941, and were again refused service the next morning several hours before the train reached their destination, Atlanta. The plaintiffs say that the steward in charge refused to serve them on both occasions solely because of their race, and served white passengers who entered the car after they did. Equal Services Not Provided Because of the contractual relationship between the Southern Railway Company and the Washington Terminal Company, which operates the Union Station, the plaintiffs maintain that it was the duty of both companies to provide equal accommodations and services for all passengers while the Crescent was at Union Station. In refusing service to the plaintiffs, Mr. Houston contends, the defendants deprived them of their rights, privileges, and immunities (continued on Page 2, Col. 4) 'Thank God,' Mrs. Mulzac [photograph] ?ocracy --- Pearl Buck Pearl Buck Talks with AFRO 3 Hours Here's How to Win the War in Pearl Buck's Nutshell All of us must fight for the same things. Your struggles for freedom will become part of our war aims, keep up the fight. The poor white man who insults you is going to be poor as ling as he keeps it up. I don't believe in jim crow anywhere. I think those who refuse to serve in the army are making a mistake. By MICHAEL CARTER Exclusively for the AFRO-AMERICAN Newspapers [Copyright. Republication in whole or in part expressly forbidden.] Pearl Buck says that although all people should join the struggle to win the war, she cannot blame a colored man for refusing to serve in our army. "I am simply against jim crow anywhere, and the sooner we get rid of it the better off we shall be." Miss Buck made this bold statement in an exclusive AFRO interview. She welcomed me into her private room at the offices of her publishers, John Day Company, New York, and said that she was more than glad to talk to colored people, for colored people, and about colored people. "I have every sympathy for any colored man who refuses to serve under jim crow conditions," she declared. "I think those who refuse are making a mistake, but I can undersstand their reasons. Equality No Gift "This is a peoples' war and the people must use it to destroy facism here and abroad. At present the war is in a malleable state. I believe that we can sooner arrive at our ultimate ends through service, rather than refusal. "You must plunge into it so it will keep its democratic shape. Nobody is going to give you equality. You have to fight for it." She feels that unless we in America solve the major raace problems of the world we shall have lost our war aims Learn More about People Refused Train Meals, Women Ask 40,000 Dr. Alexander and His Sister-in-Laws Are Joint Plaintiffs Charging that they were refused dining car service, Mrs. Sadie T. M. Alexander, of Philadelphia, and Dr. Virginia M. Alexander, 1830 Sixteenth Street Northwest, filed suit last Monday in the District Court against the Southern Railroad Company and the Washington Terminal Company for damages totaling $40,000. Mrs. Alexander is the wife of Raymond Pace Alexander. Both are prominent Philadelphia lawyers. Dr. Alexander is his sister and is employed by the District of Columbia Public Health Department. Refused Service Twice In their complaint, filed through Houston, Houston and Hastle that they were refused dining car service while the Crescent, [?] Southern Railway train, standing in the yard at Union Station taking on passengers on November 7, 1941, and were again refused service the next morning several hours before the train reached their destination, Atlanta. The plaintiffs say that the steward in charge refused to serve them on both occasions solely because of their race, and served white passengers who entered the car after they did. Equal Services Not Provided Because of the contractual relationship between the Southern Railway Company and the Washington Terminal Company, which operates the Union Station, the plaintiffs maintain that it was the duty of both companies to provide equal accommodations and services for all passengers while the Crescent was at Union Station. In refusing service to the plaintiffs, Mr. Houston contends, the defendants deprived them of the rights, privileges, and immunity (Continued on Page 2, Col. 4) 'Thank God,' Mrs. Mulzac NAZIS TO GRAB ALL PRO[*perty*] SET UP BLACKLIST FOR RACE [*Feb. 13-43*] WASHINGTON-- An order for the compulsory registration of all Negroes in German territory in Europe has been issued by Heinrich Himmler, Gestapo chief, the Swedish weekly, Trots Allt. revealed this week. In an article reported to the Office of War Information, the paper said that the Negroes would be treated similarly to Jews. All their property will be confiscated and they will be put in the same "inferior race" classification as Jews. The new decree will apply o all Negroes in occupied lands such as France, Belgium, Luxemburg, and Denmark, where there are considerable numbers of colored peoples. The Swedish paper reported: "The decree states that local authorities must register all Negroes, mulattoes and quadroons and report the results immediately to the office of the Chief of Reich Security. "The decree is addressed to all police authorities. There can be no doubt what will happen after their registration as Negroes are treated as are all 'inferior races.' "The office mentioned in the decree is the same one that handles Jewish deportation and property confiscation. Apparently there are no longer many Jews or gypsies left in Germany and the Germans are now faced to find new objects of their racial policy." [*If I should tell you our status*] O. F. F. CITES INTEREST OF ADMINISTRATION IN COLORED RACE [*Apr 1-1942*] JUSTICE DEPARTMENT'S LYNCHING INQUIRIES ARE REVIEWED The administration today called attention to its interest in the welfare of the colored race, through a statement released by the Office of Facts and Figures reviewing prosecutions initiated by the Justice Department in six States against alleged lynchers and others for mistreatment of colored men. The O. F. F. announced: "The United States Government is moving on a wide front to protect the civil rights of Negroes." The States involved are Arkansas, Kentucky, Texas, Georgia, Missouri and Illinois. The Georgia case concerns the retrial of W. F. Sutherland of the Atlanta police force on charges he branded a colored youth with a hot iron in order to extort a confession. "An F.B.I. investigation of the State parole system in Arkansas has been ordered," the O.F.F. said, "in an effort to verify persistent charges that certain members of the state Penitentiary Commission are placing paroled Negro prisoners in the custody of themselves and their friends and relatives. It is alleged that the guardians compel the parolees to work on their private plantations for only nominal wages." The Missouri case grows out of the January lynching of Cleo Wright in Sikeston. The Texas case grows out of the lynching of Mott Flourney last November. The Florida case concerns allegations of "brutal treatment administered to a Negro, Impy Johnson, in connection with his return to a turpentine farm." The Kentucky case is founded on allegations that Martin J. Conners, jailer of Jefferson County, "worked Negro prisoners in his privately - owned tourist camp.: THE Warsaw Dying out Under Nazi Atrocities, OWI Pamphlet Says Suffering of People in Polish Capital Published as 'Warning' The Office of War Information yesterday told the story of what the Germans have done in three and one-half years to a captured city— Warsaw, the Polish capital and its people. "Warsaw today is dying out," the OWI reported in a 24-page pamphlet entitled "Tale of a City." "In the first half of 1941, 8,000 persons were born in Warsaw, but 21,809 died. In the first half of 1939, before the 'New Order,' there had been 10,800 births, compared with 7,300 deaths. "Children are malformed and ghost-like, suffering from anemia and softening of the bones * * * Exhaustion , hunger and cold have forces many people to stay permanently in bed. T.B. Takes Heavy Toll. "In 1941, 9,000 persons died of tuberculosis in the city, compared with less than 3,000 in 1938. In the first eight months of 1941, typhus took a toll of 5,592 persons, compared with 23 in 1938." The pamphlet was published as a "deadly warning to all men still blessed with freedom" because "the story of Warsaw is the story of Poland, Norway, and France, of Czechosolvakia Yugoslavia, Greece, of Holland, Belgium Denmark and Luxembourg." It says: "Warsaw reveals best the cold, calculated design of life and death under the Nazis. From Warsaw have come the most detailed accounts of the 'New Order' in all its planned fury. Warsaw, too, like every city and village under the lash of the Nazis, resists the tyranny with all its strength." German troops entered Warsaw October 1, 1939, after the city was shelled and bombed during a 22-day seige. The city was included in the area known as the Government General, presided over by Gov. Gen. Hans Frank. Ruled by Gestapo. "Warsaw," says the pamphlet, "is really ruled by the Gestapo." The Gestapo helped enforce the decree authorizing the Nazis to take what property they wanted from Poland, and "for weeks on end the covered trucks of the Gestapo rumbled out of Warsaw, headed for Germany and laden with furniture, rugs, jewels, furs, paintings, household equipment, all manner and description of Polish personal property, all seized without payment." When the Germans first came into Warsaw they gave soup and bread to the Poles and recorded their charity in newsreels. A few weeks later they submitted a bill for $60,000 to Warsaw. The universities and high schools were closed. A few elementary schools remain open, but no history, geography or Polish literature may be taught. Teaching German is also forbidden, because the Poles are not considered good enough to know the Nazis' language. Professions Banned. The Germans forbid teachers, writers, artists, musicians and actors to practice their professions. Bread is about the only thing the Poles can count on to eat. They are allowed 5 slices a day. The bread is 40 per cent sawdust. Some ? ? moralize the population, the Germans periodically create artificial shortages, particularly after some outbreak against the Nazis. At such time, no food whatever reaches the city. Guards stand at all entrances and search all travelers. Milk cans are wastefully punctured and eggs smashed." The Germans operate the black market, where eggs cost 60 cents each. During the winter of 1940-41, the Germans allowed the Poles one bucketful of coal every six or eight weeks, though the average winter temperature of Warsaw is 5 below zero. Germans Occupy Best Homes. Thousands of Poles in Warsaw have been expelled from their homes on three day's notice and been moved to other parts of the city. Germans occupy the best residential sections. The Germans round up the Poles to collect workers for Germany whenever they need them. Germans set up machine guns in Kercelak market place, Warsaw, last May and ordered all persons in sight to halt or be shot. A few hours later 3,000 of those persons were in trucks on their way to Germany. "Their families," the pamphlet said, "were not notified." Carts go through the ghetto at night to pick up the dead lying in the street. Five hundred thousand persons were packed into the ghetto before the extermination of the Jews was begun. The "ghetto," the pamphlet says, is "a dismal section of 100 blocks in the northern part of Warsaw, surrounded by an 8-foot wall topped by broken glass. "Some months ago Nazi soldiers caught a small bot who was returning to the ghetto with a bag of food. Lifting a manhole cover, they dropped the boy into a sewer." Poles Refuse to Bend. The pamphlet stresses the refusal of the Poles to bend to the Nazis. The underground press prints the news of the war, as gleaned from the short-wave radio. Groups of children are secretly taught the language and traditions of their country in darkened rooms all over Warsaw. Nazis dare not travel alone in the streets. The OWI concludes that the Nazis have failed in their prime objective —to break the spirit of Warsaw. The pamphlet is illustrated by drawings by a Polish soldier, Z. Czernmanski. It was written by Philip Hamburger of the OWI staff. It can be obtained on request from the division of public inquiries, Office of War Information, Washington. A Complete UNIFORM SERVICE for SIMPSON CUSTOMERS Our shops offer you complete service on your uniform needs. Whether your present uniforms need attention . . . or you need more uniforms ... see us. GREENS, BLUES, WHIPCORDS, SERGES from $37 00 Made to m? C? Four Nav? 2 Escape By the Associated p? BOSTON, Fel? men were belie? others escaped as two servic? third crash arate acci? the First today. Tow offi? were feare? sets coas? collided ? Joseph L? chinist's myra, N.? air by the to safety, a? juries. The fourth radioman, w? perished late service plane plunged into B? Bar Harbor (M? Lt. John She? ley was saved b? of six townsme? drove over icy out in a small tied up for the from the plane's The last Lt. S? radioman was crawled out on a pially submerged believed to have tempt to swin a land through hea? The Navy said underway for the The Office of War Information yesterday told the story of what the Germans have done in three and one-half years to a captured city— Warsaw, the Polish capital and its people. "Warsaw today is dying out," the OWI reported in a 24-page pamphlet entitled "Tale of a City." "In the first half of 1941, 8,000 persons were born in Warsaw, but 21,809 died. In the first half of 1939, before the 'New Order,' there had been 10,800 births, compared with 7,300 deaths. "Children are malformed and ghost-like, suffering from anemia and softening of the bones * * * Exhaustion , hunger and cold have forces many people to stay permanently in bed. T.B. Takes Heavy Toll. "In 1941, 9,000 persons died of tuberculosis in the city, compared with less than 3,000 in 1938. In the first eight months of 1941, typhus took a toll of 5,592 persons, compared with 23 in 1938." The pamphlet was published as a "deadly warning to all men still blessed with freedom" because "the story of Warsaw is the story of Poland, Norway, and France, of Czechosolvakia Yugoslavia, Greece, of Holland, Belgium, Denmark and Luxembourg." It says: "Warsaw reveals best the cold, calculated design of life and death under the Nazis. From Warsaw have come the most detailed accounts of the 'New Order' in all its planned fury. Warsaw, too, like every city and village under the lash of the Nazis, resists the tyranny with all its strength." German troops entered Warsaw October 1, 1939, after the city was shelled and bombed during a 22-day seige. The city was included in the area known as the Government General, presided over by Gov. Gen. Hans Frank. Ruled by Gestapo. "Warsaw," says the pamphlet, "is really ruled by the Gestapo." The Gestapo helped enforce the decree authorizing the Nazis to take what property they wanted from Poland, and "for weeks on end the covered trucks of the Gestapo rumbled out of Warsaw, headed for Germany and laden with furniture, rugs, jewels, furs, paintings, household equipment, all manner and description of Polish personal property, all seized without payment." When the Germans first came into Warsaw they gave soup and bread to the Poles and recorded their charity in newsreels. A few weeks later they submitted a bill for $60,000 to Warsaw. The universities and high schools were closed. A few elementary schools remain open, but no history, geography or Polish literature may be taught. Teaching German is also forbidden, because the Poles are not considered good enough to know the Nazis language. Professions Banned. The Germans forbid teachers, writers, artists, musicians and actors to practice their professions. Bread is about the only thing the Poles can count on to eat. They are allowed 5 slices a day. The bread is 40 per cent sawdust. Some times inhabitants of Warsaw have a thin potato soup. The pamphlet remarks about the food situation: "meat, when sold, is malodorous and mostly bone. Adults may not receive milk, an adult being anybody older than 6 months. "Using food as a weapon to de- weeks, though the average winter temperature of Warsaw is 5 below zero. Germans Occupy Best Homes. Thousands of Poles in Warsaw have been expelled from their homes on three day's notice and been moved to other parts of the city. Germans occupy the best residential sections. The Germans round up the Poles to collect workers for Germany whenever they need them. Germans set up machine guns in Kercelak market place, Warsaw, last May and ordered all persons in sight to halt or be shot. A few hours later 3,000 of those persons were in trucks on their way to Germany. "Their families," the pamphlet said, "were not notified." Carts go through the ghetto at night to pick up the dead lying in the street. Five hundred thousand persons were packed into the ghetto before the extermination of the Jews was begun. The "ghetto," the pamphlet says, is "a dismal section of 100 blocks in the northern part of Warsaw, surrounded by an 8-foot wall topped by broken glass. "Some months ago Nazi soldiers caught a small boy who was returning to the ghetto with a bag of food. Lifting a manhole cover, they dropped the boy into a sewer." Poles Refuse to Bend. The pamphlet stresses the refusal of the Poles to bend to the Nazis. The underground press prints the news of the war, as gleaned from the short-wave radio. Groups of children are secretly taught the language and traditions of their country in darkened rooms all over Warsaw. Nazis dare not travel alone in the streets. The OWI concludes that the Nazis have failed in their prime objective —to break the spirit of Warsaw. The pamphlet is illustrated by drawings by a Polish soldier, Z. Czernmanski. It was written by Philip Hamburger of the OWI staff. It can be obtained on request from the division of public inquiries, Office of War Information, Washington. A Complete UNIFORM SERVICE for SIMPSON CUSTOMERS Our shops offer you complete service on your uniform needs. Whether your present uniforms need attention . . . or you need more uniforms ... see us. GREENS, BLUES, WHIPCORDS, SERGES from $37 00 Made to measure, Complete Reliable Service J. B. Simpson, Inc. 1105 G ST. N. W. RM. 603 KRESGE BLDG. ME. 2412 Naval Officers' Service Caps complete with 3 covers $1275 the First today. Two offi? were feare? setts coas? collided ? Joseph L? chinist's myra, N.? air by the to safety, a? juries. The fourth radioman, w? perished late service plane plunged into B? Bar Harbor (M? Lt. John She? ley was saved b? of six townsme? drove over icy out in a small tied up for the from the plane's The last Lt. S? radioman was crawled out on a pially submerged believed to have tempt to swin a land through hea? The Navy said underway for the CIO Seeks Freedom Of Action for FEPC Group (From Defender Washington Bureau) WASHINGTON, D.C. - Endorsement of the work of the Committee on Fair Employment Practice, and a call upon the War Manpower commission to grant full freedom of action to the committee in its future work as well as larger appropriations for it were contained in a resolution passed by the special meeting of the executive board of the Congress of Industrial organizations held in Washington last week. The resolution was proposed by Willard Townsend, president of the United Transport Service Workers, who is the first Negro to become a member of the executive committee of the organization. The resolution called attention to the recent transfer of the FEPC, of which CIO President Phillip Murray is a member, from its previous independent status to the jurisdiction of the War Manpower commission. It commended the FEPC for "an invaluable service to democracy in placing the spotlight of public attention and governmental action on myriad centers of reactionary discrimination against religious and racial minorities." It declared further that "there is grave danger that certain officials of the War Manpower commission may be induced to bow to the wishes of big corporative interests, particularly in the southern states, and throttle the committee's highly commendable activities." At the same meeting where this resolution was adopted, the CIO committee on racial discrimination, recently appointed by President Murray, of which Townsend and James B. Carey are members, made its first report. The report estimated that there are over 1,000,000 Negroes available for necessary productive work in American war industries. "The integration of this huge reservoir of potential productive manpower into our war effort could easily become one of the greatest contributions to total complete victory for the United Nations," the report pointed out. In outlining its program, the committee on racial discrimination indicated its intention of carrying out the following: Preparation of a bill for federal enactment to establish Executive Order No. 8802 (Fair Employment Practice) as permanent legislation with power to enforce its decisions. Institution of a concerted drive to push the passage of anti-poll tax legislation. Stressing through union education departments to all CIO members the necessity of their following democratic principles in the unions, on their jobs and in community life. Sponsoring conferences of civic and community leaders, trade unionists, and liberals to further the passage of legislation that will bring immediate relief and support to the CIO program to end discrimination. Seeking greater employment of Negro men and women in the national war program, and the appointment of Negroes on governmental agencies and boards. Instituting a concerted drive on the part of CIO unions to push up-grading of qualified Negroes in skilled and semi-skilled jobs. Fighting for the elimination of all discriminatory practices in federal training programs. The report was adopted by the executive board. ATTENDS CONVENTION Mr. and Mrs. Norman Watson of 354 E. 46th street have returned from Marshall, Mo. They were the guests of Mr. Watson's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Henry, 430 E. Vest street. Mrs. Watson attended the National Convention of the Christian churches in Kansas City, Mo. NO WATER! NO HOT TOWELS! NO STOCKING CAP! LOVE'S HAIR CREAM To Dress Your Hair With the New Sensational LOVE'S HAIR CREAM- SEE YOUR BARBER OR WRITE: ROBERT LOVE & CO. 5532 VERNON AVE. CHICAGO, ILL. PRICES POSTPAID 30¢ 50¢ $1.00 Fed. Tax Incl'd. They all want LOVE'S - YOU SUPPLY 'EM! [*Defender Feb. 13 '43*] Permanent FEP Asked In Congress WASHINGTON, D.C.—Congressman Vito Marcantonio (ALP) New York, this week introduced into the House a bill which would cloak the president's Committee on Fair Employment Practice with broad powers to stamp out discrimination in employment because of race, color, creed, religion. The Marcantonio Fair Employment Practice act establishes as the public policy of the United States the repudiation and prohibition of all forms of employment discrimination by any employer furnishing or manufacturing any goods for use by any agency of the federal government. It gives the Committee on Fair Employment Practice, created by President Roosevelt's Executive Order 8802, power to inquire fully into any alleged instance of discrimination and to issue orders to employers found guilty to cease and desist from the continued violations. The bill gives the committee discretionary power to asses a guilty employer a fine of $500 for each days' continued violation of a case and desist order; to order the hiring of reinstatement of a person kept from the employment because of discrimination; and to bar any contractor, who after hearing has been found guilty of unfair employment practices from receiving any government contracts for a maximum period of three years. All orders of the committee ar e made subject to review and are enforceable by the federal courts A penal provision for person willfully interfering with the execution of the act, carries a penalty of $5000 fine or one year's imprisonment, or both. Commenting on his bill, Congressman Marcantonio states, "This bill is designed to put an end to all question as the the status and powers of the president's Committee on Fair Employment Practice. The critical need for more manpower to win the war, makes it imperative that Congress act firmly and promptly to stop un-American discriminations against Negroes, Italians, Jews, Puerto Ricans foreign born, aliens and other groups who are hindered from giving their full energies to war production. I shall press for speedy action on this vital war measure." [*Jan 2 '43*] PAGE 5 rators CLEVELAND SORE at JUDGE WHO OK's WAR J.C. CLEVELAND—(ANP) —This city is a seething inferno of indignation as a result of the "extra judicial" remarks of Common Pleas Judge Frank J. Merrick who this week dismissed the case of two colored women who had been denied jobs by defense industires holding government contracts because they are colored. Judge Merrick in an hour-long harangue that officially passed as a decision, said that "the colored people, we must remember, are only two generations from the jungles of Africa" and " are not ready to be assimilated into American culture and industry." "The jurist continued that Abraham Lincoln did not make the colored people over in one night when he set them free: and that colored person must wait until whites are ready to accept them in industry. Jobs for colored people cannot be obtained by :force" and 10,000,000 laws cannot change prejudice and the social outlook" of whites toward colored, he declared, when passing on the merits and meaning of President Roosevelt's Executive Order 8802 that forbids discrimination in war industries on a basis of race, color or creed. Lawyers statement Commenting on the appeal, attorneys said: "In entering into a free contract with the government in which it was granted the use of taxpayers' money for the purchase of machines, the building of plants , and the acquisition of land, these defendant companies agreed not to discriminate against workers because of color or race," declared George. E RHEUMATIC PAIN [*Defender Feb 13, 1943*] BAN ON NEGRO GIRLS IN SPARS, WAVES STANDS Navy Denies N.Y. Reports Color Bar Will Be Lifted (Defender Washington Bureau) WASHINGTON —The Navy Department has not yet opened the doors to Negro women for enlistment in the WAV&S and SPARS — the women's reserves of the navy and coast guard, respectively, despite rumors and reprots in New York to the contrary. A New York paper, last week, carried a story, which, according to the Navy Department, was incorrect. The story's headline announced that Negroes were eligible for the SPARS and said, according to a Navy Department spokesman, that there is nothing in the law creating the unit to prohibit Negro women enlisting. It was also reported that Dr. A Clayton Powell Jr., member of the City Council of New York, had announced to the council that these two branches of the naval service for women will be opened to Negroes. The Navy Department told the Defender Saturday that "the question is still under study." It did not expand, however, on the "incorrectness" attributed to the New York paper in saying nothing in the law prohibited Negro women enlisting. Negro H??lth Week ? preacher at 12th Baptist church Sunday, Jan 31, at 10:30 a.m. The public is cordially invited. DEWEY HITS NAVY BIAS ALBANY, N.Y. (C)—Exclusion of colored from certain classes conducted by the Navy in colleges in the state received the condemnation this week of the State War Council. The Council, which met on Tuesday, with Governor Thomas E. Dewey as chairman, talked of its "solemn conviction that any departure from the recognized policy of the state of equality of opportunity for all of its citizens regardless of race, color or creed, is inimical to the best interest of its citizenry and to their participation in the war effort." Copies of the resolution were forwarded to the War and Navy Departments, and to the War and Navy Committees of the War Manpower Commission. A complaint had been filed with the Governor, it was learned by Walter White. The Governor declined to name the college or colleges involved. PEOPLE'S NAVY GIRL CLERKS JAILED WERE NOT IN JIM CROW BUS SEATS WASHINTON — Two women, Carolyn K. Johnson and Mildred I. Turpin, clerks in the machine and statistics division of the Navy department at the Navy annex building, Arlington, Virginia, were arrested shortly after midnight, January 7 for alleged failure to observe the Arlington- Fairfax bus jim crow seating arrangements, Leslie Perry of the NAACP Washington Bureau disclosed disclosed this week. Perry, who went to Arlington courthouse as soon as the girls' arrest was learned, made an immediate investigation of the facts, and the court record. Miss Johnson and Miss Turpin boarded the bus which was waiting to pick up the Navy employees just outside the government grounds. As had been their custom, they took seats in the front of the bus. Other colored passengers are alleged to have been sitting throughout the bus. It is reported that the bus driver demanded that the girls move to the seats in the rear, to which they answered that as government employees it was their right to sit anywhere on the bus, but they would get off entirely, If the driver would refund their fare. Shortly thereafter, four Virginia police officers arrived in a police car, boarded the bus and arrested the two clerks. The girls were not permitted to telephone their relatives or friends and were obliged to spent the night in a cell. Arraigned before Judge B. M. Hedrick of the Arlington County Court at 9:30 in the morning, the girls were fined $5 and cost of court. Sentence was suspended. The Washington Bureau of the NAACP states that the arrest of the girl clerks for occupying non-segregates seats is a violation of an agreement the NAACP has with the bus line carrying government workers to federal buildings, in nearby Virginia , and announced it is contemplating legal action. Raps Use Of Negro Troops To Remove Snow In Seattle [*Feb.13, 1943*] NEW YORK.—Why were Negro troops brought 60 miles from Fort Lewis to clean snow in downtown Seattle, Wash., while none of the white soldiers at nearby Fort Lawton was detailed for this work, the NAACP this week asked Secretary of War Stimson. Voicing the outrage of Negro citizens throughout the country at the exclusive use of Negro soldiers for snow cleaning, Roy Wilkins, NAACP assistant executive-secretary, asked in a letter to Stimson: "Is it the purpose of the War Department to use Negro troops drawing a pay of $50 a month to relieve municipalities of the legitimate expenses for carrying on the regular services to the population of these cities? These men could not protest. They are in the Army and have to obey orders." Willkins pointed out to Stimson a news story in the Washington, D.C. Times Herald of January 31, 1943, under the heading "Army Won't Clear Snow from District" in which it is states: "William A. Xanten was informed that a second appeal for assistance from the Army in cleaning up the slush . . . was futile. The Army, it was said, did not wish to establish a precedent by use of troops in the situation." The story appeared four days after Negro troops had exchanged their guns for shovels in Seattle. C-10 [*April 2, 1942*] Greater Opportunity In War Service Assured Negroes Roosevelt Letter to Church Group Head Notes Progress Greater training and work opportunities for Negroes both in was industries and in the armed services will be available. President Roosevelt has notified an influential Negro group protesting racial discrimination. In a letter to Dr. W.H. Jernagin, 1341 Third street N.W., president of the Executive Committee, Fraternal Council of Negro Churches in America, President Roosevelt said he welcomed suggestions for "the fullest mobilization of the human and material resources of all the people of our country for bringing the war to an early and successful conclusion."" The President said the Committee on Fair Employment Practice, established by executive order and headed by Dr. Malcolm S. McLean, has had numerous meetings and discussions with important policy determining officers of the Federal Government with a view to eliminating discrimination in the service. The committee at three public hearings in key cities also notified war contractors to eliminate evidences of employment discrimination , the President stated. "There had been considerable progress in opening training and work opportunities for Negroes in war industries," President Roosevelt wrote. "I look for an acceleration of this improvement as the demand for labor in our war industries increases and as the Committee on Fair Employment Practice develops its means for meeting specific situations. "At my direction, the armed services have taken numerous steps to open opportunities for Negroes in the armed forces of our country and they are giving active consideration to other plans which will increase that participation." The President's letter was in reply to resolutions adopted by the church council on February 18. The time has come, the Walrus said, to buy some Defense bonds. Dr. Sargent also commended the Rev. Rovert W. Woodroffe jr., who recently left the staff of St. Bartholemew Church for chaplain duty and is now serving with the Roosevelt Hospital Unit of the United States Army in North Africa. Negro Troops Attend Vespers At St. George's 372d Infantry Regiment at Washington Service on 'the American Dream' A special Washington's Birthday vesper service was held yesterday at 4 p.m. at St. George's Protestant Episcopal Church, Stuyvesant Square and Sixteenth Street, where there was also a special group of worshipers, the officers and men of the 372d Infantry Regiment, a Negro unit of the United States Army assigned to guard duty in New York. Major Alston W. Burleigh, the regiment's Negro executive officer, led his men from their quarters at Twenty-third Street and Lexington Avenue, east in Twenty-third Street, south in Third Avenue to Sixteenth Street and east to the church. The men were in their pews on the left side of the middle aisle a half-hour before the service began. The services were conducted by the Rev. Dr. Elmore M. McKee, rector, and the Rev. Sheldon Hale Bishop, Negro rector of St. Philip's Protestant Episcopal Church, 215 West 133d Street. Also, in the chancel was the Rev. William B. Schmidgall, a new member of the staff of St. George's who will direct boys' work. Lists Deterrents Dr. McKee said in his sermon that the "American dream of freedom is to be fulfilled tomorrow." although it may be a distant tomorrow. He said it would result in the "inevitable coming of a united free states of the world." America has been called to realize that dream, he said, because of its heritage. Before we attain the dream, he said, there are three deterrents in our midst which must be dissolved. "They are economic greed, where we want to best ourself," he said, in listing them. "The second is national pride, when a nation has a exaggerated sense of its importance and which can be solved by sending a representative to take an oath of allegiance to a world family of nations. "The third is race prejudice. This gives people a false sense of superiority. It transcends all secondary considerations in making the world of tomorrow." Three Generations at Service Three generations were represented at the service. In Major Burleigh's regiment is his nineteen-year-old son, Private Harry Thacker Burleigh 2d, who was inducted into the Army a week ago. In the senior choir of the church sat Harry Thacker Burleigh, the boy's seventy-six-year-old grand-father, who is a composer and arranger and is in his forty-ninth year as a barytone soloist at St. George's. He sang "Go Down Moses" in his own arrangement and he also arranged "Deep River," which was sung by the choir. Other soloists were Miss Rose Dirman, soprano, who sang the solo sections of "Great is Jehovah," an anthem, and Miss Carol Brice, Negro contralto. Miss Brice sang the spiritual "Somebody's Knocking at Your Door" with the choir and the solo, "Sweet Little Jesus Boy." After the service, the men marched single file to the choir crypt underneath the church, and then formed ranks and marched back to their barracks. Major Burleigh said that the St. George Memorial House, 207 East Sixteenth Street, has been offered to the men and will be used soon as classrooms for military matters. He Sa Will The F Scully, s the Rom of New Y ing at St the peop mately of their final ju dividual Refe he said the wor hand. T the result against G His will, h "I would the sins Scully co uphold fa Nations commit s ter wick tention t history o toons sho sins." He dire servants Sunday, Catholic United Biblivy He said intended portable and he have th read it each [?] In c said: "L society [?] to us. C law of lov eternity. C mindful of must ende egotism an ideal of soc The Rev. of the cath brant of the Rev. Thom the cathedr ceremonies. Union Ra A resolut too prevalen qualified Ne ployment an tain unions labor- unions existing un passed yest nual meeti terracial Cou Interracial Cen Two hundred council and affi present ---------------- Dr. Abra Rabbi Emeritus Shreveport Special to t UPPER MO 20,-- Dr. Abra the of the Con in Shreveport, the home of Mark Jonas, nue, Upper sixty- six year Dr. Brill of the Shre twenty- three Upper Montcl ago. Born in Dr. Brill was University of Hebrew Union nati. He served Ark.; Greenville W. Va., and M fore going to S ing, besides Mrs. wife, Mrs. Edna daughter, Miss E sisters, Mrs. Jac Mrs. Mary Harris, era, Moe and Rap -------------- MRS. RICHAR Special to the [H] UPPER MONT. Feb. 21,-- Mrs. Map ley Hobart, widow bart, died here tod tainside Hospital. enty years old. M a native of Kearn lived in Upper Mont son, John R. Hobart tain Terrace, Sur[v] other son, Dr. Richar also of Upper Montc (continued from Page 1) onstrate, for the first time, his ability and prove his worth, are beginning to complain to social agencies among us about the laxity, morals and general deportment of these people on the job. Many have expressed keen disappointment , and judging from their remarks their experience with "Negro help" will come to a sudden and abrupt end when the war ends, if not sooner. One director of personnel of a large Chicago firm, hiring some 300 or more colored men and women expressed his opinion in the presence of this writer on the seriousness of this problem in the following manner: "I am one who will welcome the end of this war; it will truly relieve me of a business headache. Sometimes ago I was urged to hire Negro men and women to fulfill our contract on a large war order. Of course we needed them, and in addition to their need I was somewhat inclined to experiment with colored help on a sort of reciprocal basis; they are good customers of our products, and I thought it no more than right to show our appreciation for their patronage by turning some of their money back to them in the way of salaries. I will admit, however, that there are many ladies and gentlemen among the Negro force we hire, but they are sadly in the minority. Since their coming into our plant, I have never before heard the use of such profanity, the utter disregard for the presence of ladies, and such an aptitude to engage in quarrels and fights on the least provocation. Probably we picked a bad lot through haste to do a quick job and get moving, but truthfully speaking our experience has been everything but pleasant and happy, and unless they mend their ways, I'm quite sure their services will end with us when this war ends." IT IS, INDEED, embarrassing for the best element of Negroes to face this indictment because of the conduct of a few. But unless we face the cold, hard, true facts of our shortcomings at this hour of our opportunity, we are lost. First impressions are hard to break down. We know that we have culture and refinement in our race, but in recent years it seems to be possessed only by a minority. A people, like a class, to advance must either be strong enough to make its way against all hostility — we haven't reached that point yet —or must secure the friendship of others, particularly of those nearest it. Instead of adopting this program to aid us in solving our economic ills there is arising among us a dominating group of uncouth, loud-mouthed and rather primitive type of Negro who stands at attention to the bugle call of boisterousness, vulgarity and display of gross ignorance in public places. He is always found among the poverty-stricken working class. He attends no church, reads no paper, shuns all counsel and advice, yet through racial identity he represents us wherever he goes. Hilarity accompanied with insobriety is his daily routine. He is repulsively overbearing and obnoxious. He must be suppressed if we are to progress, but how? That is the problem. Along with the hegira of the Negro to the North has come a multitude of problems. The paramount one is getting the uncultured Negroes adjusted and set to the new environment. It is not like throwing the rabbit in the briar patch; it is more like putting the rabbit in the parlor. They are either insultingly patronizing and timid, or they are more boisterous, more noxious, more undignified and less reserved than the more highly civilized people. They ruin any place where they are admitted be it theatre, tavern, or foundry. They usually come from a land of segregation where the racial lines are sharply drawn and differences are made more certain, and line the immigrant, with the foul-smelling pack on his back, they know not what to do, or do they sense the fitness of things. We cannot fashion our lives from the mistakes of other races. We are judged form different standards. We carry heavier burdens. We are under more constant surveillance; we are measured by different yardsticks, and we are veritably lifting ourselves by our own bootstraps and while we are building the ladde by which we must rise, we cannot afford to indulge in waste motion; the issues of our times are too pressing. We may talk about the Four Freedoms all we wish, but we can never appreciate or enjoy any of them until we first learn to respect and revere the Freedom of Liberty that is now ours in enlightened and cultural communities [?] as the standard for elevation. When we make this distinction ourselves, others will recognize the distinction and act accordingly when they encounter an "outcast" Negro. If this is not done, it is feared that technical segregation and more wide-spread discrimination will result. We should never allow the North to be made into the South. TWO loud-mouthed, uncouth and undignified Negroes sporting their ignorance and crudeness in public and advertising us to whites at a disadvantage through such conduct and deportment, on the job or off of it, can do more harm in five minutes than twenty George Washington Carvers can repair or overcome in a decade. We must be taught to become self-sustaining, self-reliant, and self-respecting. But the problem remains, how will we reach that rough, rowdy and uncouth Negro to teach him these mannerisms? If we don't correct him, he will finally ruin us. FEP— beginning to complain to social agencies among us about the laxity, morals and general deportment of these people on the job. Many have expressed keen disappointment , and judging from their remarks their experience with 'Negro help" will come to a sudden and abrupt end when the war ends, if not sooner. One director of personnel of a large Chicago firm, hiring some 300 or more colored men and women expressed his opinion in the presence of this writer on the seriousness of this problem in the following manner: "I am one who will welcome the end of this war; it will truly relieve me of a business headache. Sometimes ago I was urged to hire Negro men and women to fulfill our contract on a large war order. Of course we needed them, and in addition to their need I was somewha inclined to experiment with colored help on a sort of reciprocal basis; they are good customers of our products, and I thought it no more than right to show our appreciation for their patronage by turning some of their money back to them in the way of salaries. I will admit, however, that there are many ladies and gentlemen among the Negro force we hire, but they are sadly in the minority. Since their coming into our plant, I have never before heard the use of such profanity, the utter disregard for the presence of ladies, and such an aptitude to engage in quarrels and fights on the least provocation. Probably we picked a bad lot through haste to do a quick job and get moving, but truthfully speaking our experience has been everything but pleasant and happy, and unless they mend their ways, I'm quite sure their services will end with us when this war ends." IT IS, INDEED, embarrassing for the best element of Negroes to face this indictment because of the conduct of a few. But unless we face the cold, hard, true facts of our shortcomings at this hour of our opportunity, we are lost, First impressions are hard to break down. we know that we have culture and refinement in our race, but in recent years it seems to be possessed only by a minority. A people, like a class, to advance must either be strong enough to make its way against all hostility — we haven't reached that point yet — or must secure the friendship of others, particularly of those nearest it. Instead of adopting this program to aid us in solving our economic ills there is arising among us a dominating group of uncouth, loud-mouthed and rather primitive type of Negro who stands at attention to the bugle call of boisterousness, vulgarity and display of gross ignorance in public places. He is always found among the poverty-stricken working class, He attends no church, reads no paper, shuns all counsel and advice, yet through racial identity he represents us wherever he goes. Hilarity accompanied with insobriety is his daily routine, He is repulsively overbearing and obnoxious. He must be suppressed if we are to progress, but how? That is the problem. Along with the hegira of the Negro to the North has come a multitude of problems. The paramount one is getting the uncultured Negroes adjusted and set to the new environment. It is not like throwing the rabbit in the briar patch; it is more like putting the rabbit in the parlor. They are either insultingly patronizing and timid, or they are more boisterous, more noxious, more undignified and less reserved than the more highly civilized people. They ruin any place where they are admitted be it theatre, tavern, or foundry. They usually come from a land of segregation where the racial lines are sharply drawn and differences are made more certain, and line the immigrant, with the foul-smelling pack on his back, they know not what to do, or do they sense the fitness of things. We cannot fashion our lives from the mistakes of other races. We are judged form different standards. We carry heavier burdens. We are under more constant surveillance; we are measured by different yardsticks, and we are veritably lifting ourselves by our own bootstraps and while we are building the ladde by which we must rise, we cannot afford to indulge in waste motion; the issues of our times are too pressing. We may talk about the Four Freedoms all we wish, but we can never appreciate or enjoy any of them until we first learn to respect and revere the Freedom of Liberty that is now ours in enlightened and cultural communities. The urgent need is for the Negro to divide up into classes, with character and right conduct encounter an "outcast" Negro. If this is not done, it is feared that technical segregation and more wide-spread discrimination will result We should never allow the North to be made into the South. TWO loud-mouthed, uncouth and undignified Negroes sporting their ignorance and crudeness in public and advertising us to whites at a disadvantage through such conduct and deportment, on the job or off of it, can do more harm in five minutes than twenty George Washington Carvers can repair or overcome in a decade. We must be taught to become self-sustaining, self-reliant, and self-respecting. But the problem remains, how will we reach that rough, rowdy and uncouth Negro to teach him these mannerisms? If we don't correct him, he will finally ruin us. FEP— Dustin' off the NEWS BY LUCIUS C. HARPER [*Feb.20 '43*] IF WE DON'T RUIN HIM, HE WILL RUIN US Negroes with self respect, culture and education and possessing an appreciation for the manner in which many white people of this country are lending a kindly ear to the problems of the race are now facing serious difficulties, attended with much embarrassment, in their attempt to control the public behavior of a large group of both men and women in the lower social brackets of the race. This problem has assumed serious proportions especially in the North where the young unskilled Negroes are being integrated into jobs hitherto withheld from them because of color restrictions. This group. with its disgusting and disgraceful conduct, is rapidly, becoming a real menace to the welfare and progress of the race as a whole. Some large manufacturing concerns that were induced through much persuasion to lower their color bars and hire Negroes during this war emergency, and where the Negro has an opportunity to dem- SEE DUSTIN', Page 4 [*Apr 1 1942*] Flyer and Colored Sailor Cited as Hawaii Heroes By the Associated Press. Destruction of an enemy submarine in the Hawaii area in January was credited to First Lt. James Valentine Edmundson of the Army Air Forces today by Secretary of the Navy Knox, who formally commended the flyer. Doris Miller, colored, mess attendant, first class, also was commended by Secretary Knox for heroism displayed during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Lt. Edmundson, 26, of Santa Monica, Calif., Was praised for his "keen observation, flying skill and successful attack with bombs." The Miller commendation said: " * * * While at the side of his captain on the bridge, Miller, despite enemy strafing and bombing and in the face of a serious fire, assisted in moving his captain, who had been mortally wounded, to a place of greater safety, and later manned and operated a machine gun until ordered to leave the bridge." Attendant Miller is from Waco, Tex. Lee Again Goes To Aid Richmond, But This Is Camp Lee RICHMOND, Va.--(ANP)--Last week Lee again went to the aid of Richmond, except that this time it was Camp Lee, the army post, instead of the Confederate general. The invader was a natural one, snow from the north, instead of uniformed troops from the same direction. Maj. Gen. James E. Edmonds, camp commander, at the request of the mayor, ordered 440 Negro soldiers under the command of Lt. Col. Frank M. Snowden to report to the capitol city. Immediately after their mid-day meal the soldiers were told to fall- in with full field equipment. They arrived in Richmond in a convoy of 70 trucks. The servicemen were guests of the city while on their mission and were quartered in the lBues' and Greys' armories. The commander's son, Sgt. O. Phillip Snowden and M-Sgt. Robertson, a former entertainer at the Cotton Club, New York, were assigned to duties with the detachment. Both non-commissioned officers are instructors in the salvage and labor school. Lt.-Col. Snowden is the highest ranking colored officer at Camp Lee and commands the labor and salvage technical training school. Second in command is Lt. James C. Towles. Wednesday at 558 Mass. Ave. The pledges for Bushnell are pouring in in large numbers. Phil Murray Wants Fair Play Detrot, Mich--Philip Murray, president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) last week reiterated the organization's stand against anti-Negro discrimination taken at the NAACP conference in June and announced the appointment of a Negro, Willard S. Townsend, president of the United Transport Service Employees, to a CIO committee to study the problem of equality of opportunity for Negro workers in industry. In a statement published in the union's official organ, "The United Automobile Worker," Mr. Murray said: "Negroes and whites are today fighting side by side shedding their blood in distant battlefields for the protection of those of us who remain at home. Let us demonstrate our American democracy and the fraternal spirit of the CIO by extending to the Negro workers the full rights in American industry." Page Four The Guardian PUBLISHED WEEKLY at 898 TREMONT ST., cor. LENOX TELEPHONE, GARrison 9301 SUBSCRIPTION RATES 1 year $2.25 6 months 1.25 3 months .60 PAYABLE IN ADVANCE Entered at the Boston Post Office as Second Class Matter. Wm. Monroe Trotter EDITOR and PUBLISHER 1901-1934 THE FEPC HEARINGS Until all the facts are available it seems advisable to reserve judgment in the postponement of the railroad hearings which were scheduled for the past week. Other hearings set fo rthis last week in January were also cancelled, it is reported. It may well be the President's trip to the Africa front had something to do with the calling off of the hearings, especially the railroad hearings by the FEPC which is known as the President's own committee and in whose work he already on more than one occasion expressed his deep interest. It is important to keep in mind by whose authority were the hearings put off. Did the order originate with Mr. McNutt? According to reports it seems that Mr. McNutt acted in the capacity of transmitter of an order which came to him from the President himself. Mr. Roosevelt, in aligning the FEPC with the War Manpower Commission, clearly stated that the FEPC would not lose its identity but would be strengthened by the association with the other committees included in the McNutt official family. The President also said that the FEPC could always come to him with any matters which they felt required his decision. If the President decided that the hearings ought to be postponed during his absence from the country, it would seem that there ought to be a no fault found with his decision seeing that he had reserved the right to make decisions for the FEPC. At all events postponement of the railroad hearings does not seem to prevent them from being rescheduled. Chairman McNutt intimated as much in his conference with members of the FEPC last week. An Enduring Peace Freedom and equality for every nation must be accepted and lived up to as essential principles of a lasting peace. This admonition is in the forefront of much of the discussion about the remaking of the world after the war ends. Many persons believe that other wars, perhaps more disastrous than the current conflict, are certain to occur through failure to establish now a broadly liberal status throughout the human family. "The world's white nations will be compelldd to concede full equality and full representation in a United Nations of the World patterned much after the United States of America, with wide powers centralized in a world congress," declared Dr. Edwin R. Embree, president of the Julius Rosenwald Fund in a recent address at Dillard University. Supporting his belief by historical references he expressed what many will consider an extreme view that either there will be world cooperation "or th entire white race faces literal extermination within the next 25 to 50 years by dark races now fast learning the white man's formula for domination. Fundamentally, physically and mentally, all races are equal in capacities. And the the recognition of this truth by the white peoples, the complete awareness that the dark races are fast acquiring wide skills in handling the devices which gave white nations dominance for four hundred years and permitted them, a small minority, to conquer and hold in servitude virtually the whole world, are the only reasonable postulation for a new world order of permanence and common sense and progress." What makes Dr. Embree's part in the discussion interestini if not convincing is his selection of basic factors in the rise and fall of the several great recorded civilizations. After each rise of a special civilization, he pointed out, there was a leveling off as other peoples learned to use the vital new invention with equal skill and more aggressive effectiveness. This was true of Egypt, which invented farming; of Greece which invented writing; of Rome, which invented the science of organization; and history was destined to repeat itself in the case of the present great Western European civilization which had surged upward into world domination on its high development of power machinery unless that civilization had the wisdom to enter into an era of cooperation on a basis of full equality with the more numerous non white peoples who had now solved their riddle of greatness. A stubborn fact to be reckoned with in any attempt to make freedom and equality universal is that nations like individual persons are not easily induced to surrender Segrega? Ellington (Continued from Page Dirge number from a mus? standpint was a ma? ets. All this happened ? the worst blizzard of th? ter when snow and sleet ? faces of all who ventu? and snow piled high on ? walks and streets. Messrs. McIlvaine, Jackson, et al had something good to Bo? Boston supported it cently. The concert itseld w? "duke" was his won ? real self at the piano. one composition was to the young swingster thing. On the stage sat l? men as Mr. Ellington;s guests. One of the fe? the evening was the tion of a framed scr? thur Fiedler , conducto? phony's Pop councerts. was introduced by McIlraine. Jackie Mi? ped" the Duke and Fiedler while the roared its approval of agement's coup in se? Fiedler who arrived that night to keep ment. Everybody felt it ? braving the storm t? Duke and later to exa? thousand dollers. drums, chimes and ? The sides of the d? mother of pearl w? igns. And, folks, th? ny" Grier plays t? ments was one of the show. A Bosto? ny Hodges made it is supposed to fifteen players, a Betty Roche, t? did their share i? a different concer? delight of the au? and old, colored. swingsters regula? and all. Founder's Day (Continued from ier. Dean of Instruct? ton Institute. Mr. La? the race's leading ed? one of the most ? greaduates of the U? Wisconsin. having st? none other than present president, MacLean, who bef? HAmpton, was a m? faculty at the U? Wisconsin. Miss Odele Swee? ate of Hampton, the Cambridge Co? ter, will also speakers on the will be vocal so? wins Bryant a? Le Roy Walker, Boston Hampto? ter, will be Mas? ies. Hayes (Continued fr was a new ex? quisite was h? nald Boardma? cient accomp? whose songs On the progra? late Dr. George vorite Spiritu? Climbing Jacob? BOSTON DAILY PRAISES HAY? "Distinguishe? for Roland Ha? last night. Th? tion in the pr? tinction in th? and there was, unmistakable ? THE FEPC HEARINGS Until all the facts are available it seems advisable to reserve judgment in the postponement of the railroad hearings which were scheduled for the past week. Other hearings set fo rthis last week in January were also cancelled, it is reported. It may well be the President's trip to the Africa front had something to do with the calling off of the hearings, especially the railroad hearings by the FEPC which is known as the President's own committee and in whose work he already on more than one occasion expressed his deep interest. It is important to keep in mind by whose authority were the hearings put off. Did the order originate with Mr. McNutt? According to reports it seems that Mr. McNutt acted in the capacity of transmitter of an order which came to him from the President himself. Mr. Roosevelt, in aligning the FEPC with the War Manpower Commission, clearly stated that the FEPC would not lose its identity but would be strengthened by the association with the other committees included in the McNutt official family. The President also said that the FEPC could always come to him with any matters which they felt required his decision. If the President decided that the hearings ought to be postponed during his absence from the country, it would seem that there ought be no fault found with his decision seeing that he had reserved the right to make decisions for the FEPC. At all events postponement of the railroad hearings does not seem to prevent them from being rescheduled. Chairman McNutt intimated as much in his conference with members of the FEPC last week. An Enduring Peace Freedom and equality for every nation must be accepted and lived up to as essential principles of a lasting peace. This admonition is in the forefront of much of the discussion about the remaking of the world after the war ends. Many persons believe that other wars, perhaps more disastrous than the current conflict, are certain to occur through failure to establish now a broadly liberal status throughout the human family. "The world's white nations will be compelldd to concede full equality and full representation in a United Nations of the World patterned much after the United States of America, with wide powers centralized in a world congress," declared Dr. Edwin R. Embree, president of the Julius Rosenwald Fund in a recent address at Dillard University. Supporting his belief by historical references he expressed what many will consider an extreme view that either there will be world cooperation "or th entire white race faces literal extermination within the next 25 to 50 years by dark races now fast learning the white man's formula for domination. Fundamentally, physically and mentally, all races are equal in capacities. And the the recognition of this truth by the white peoples, the complete awareness that the dark races are fast acquiring wide skills in handling the devices which gave white nations dominance for four hundred years and permitted them, a small minority, to conquer and hold in servitude virtually the whole world, are the only reasonable postulation for a new world order of permanence and common sense and progress." What makes Dr. Embree's part in the discussion interestini if not convincing is his selection of basic factors in the rise and fall of the several great recorded civilizations. After each rise of a special civilization, he pointed out, there was a leveling off as other peoples learned to use the vital new invention with equal skill and more aggressive effectiveness. This was true of Egypt, which invented farming; of Greece, which invented writing; of Rome, which invented the science of organization; and history was destined to repeat itself in the case of the present great Western European civilization which had surged upward into world domination on its high development of power machinery unless that civilization had the wisdom to enter into an era of cooperation on a basis of full equality with the more numerous non white peoples who had now solved their riddle of greatness. A stubborn fact to be reckoned with in any attempt to make freedom and equality universal is that nations like individual persons are not easily induced to surrender their advantaged position or their prospect of gains. The spirit of rivalry persists. Perhaps the best that can be done now is to see to it that competition among nations becomes less "cut throat" and that it does not embrace exploitation of one people by another. Churches COMMUNITY CHURCH Jordan Hall "Emerging Ideas in the World Struggle" will be the subject of the address by Louis Dolivet, editor of the Free World under whose auspices Vice-President Wallace gave his famous speech on "the Century of the Common Man" at the Community Church Sunday, January 31, at 10:30 A.M. Mr. Dolivet is Secretary-General of the Free World Association , a ninterdenominational committee for democratic victory. An ? the French Air Army until he was demobilized in the summer of 1940. After the armistice he traveled extensively in France and in December escaped to Lisbon and came to America. G CHURCH OF GOD IN CHRIST New Location Camden and Columbus Avenue Rev. Cornelius Range, Pastor and State Bishop Sunday, January 31 the Deaconess Board will observe their fourth anniversary. The Pastor will deliver the Anniversary sermon at 1 PM. A unique pro- ? Messrs. McIlvaine, Jackson et al had something good to Bo? Boston supported it cently. The concert itseld w? "Duke" was his won ? real self at the piano. one composition was to the young swingster thing. On the stage sat l? men as Mr. Ellington;s guests. One of the fe? the evening was the tion of a framed scr? thur Fiedler , conducto? phony's Pop councerts. was introduced by McIlraine. Jackie Mi? ped" the Duke and Fiedler while the roared its approval of agement's coup in se? Fiedler who arrived t? that night to keep ment. Everybody felt it ? braving the storm t? Duke and later to exa? thousand dollars drums, chimes and ? The sides of the d? mother of pearl w? igns. And, folks, th? ny" Grier plays t? ments was one of the show. A Bosto? ny Hodges made it is supposed to fifteen players, a Betty Roche, t? did their share i? a different concer? delight of the au? and old, colored. swingsters regula? and all. Founder's Day (Continued from ier. Dean of Instruct? ton Institute. Mr. La? the race's leading ed? one of the most ? greaduates of the U? Wisconsin. having st? none other than present President, MacLean, who bef? Hampton, was a m? faculty at the U? Wisconsin. Miss Odele Swee? ate of Hampton, the Cambridge Co? ter, will also speakers on the will be vocal so? wins Bryant an? Le Roy Walker, Boston Hampto? ter, will be Mas? ies. Hayes (Continued fr was a new ex? quisite was h? nald Boardma? cient accomp? whose songs On the progra? late Dr. George vorite Spiritu? Climbing Jacob? BOSTON DAILY PRAISES HAY? "Distinguishe? for Roland Ha? last night. Th? tion in the pr? tinction in th? and there was, unmistakable ? true artist fr? end. The re? return to a hall after r? years proved ordinary mas? projecting without sli? a great—a? he posses? —BOSTON IN M? MRS. M? fell asl? In lov? won? WILLIA? IN M? 1940 — J/ In Lo? BENJAM? who passe? Janu? Fight to make decades for the F.F.P.C. At all events postponement of the railroad hearings does not seem to prevent them from being rescheduled. Chairman McNutt intimated as much in his conference with members of the FEPC last week. An Enduring Peace Freedom and equality for every nation must be accepted and lived up to as essential principles of a lasting peace. This admonition is in the forefront of much of the discussion about the remaking of the world after the war ends. Many persons believe that other wars, perhaps more disastrous than the current conflict, are certain to occur through failure to establish now a broadly liberal status throughout the human family. "The world's white nations will be compelldd to concede full equality and full representation in a United Nations of the World patterned much after the United States of America, with wide powers centralized in a world congress," declared Dr. Edwin R. Embree, president of the Julius Rosenwald Fund in a recent address at Dillard University. Supporting his belief by historical references he expressed what many will consider an extreme view that either there will be world cooperation "or th entire white race faces literal extermination within the next 25 to 50 years by dark races now fast learning the white man's formula for domination. Fundamentally, physically and mentally, all races are equal in capacities. And the the recognition of this truth by the white peoples, the complete awareness that the dark races are fast acquiring wide skills in handling the devices which gave white nations dominance for four hundred years and permitted them, a small minority, to conquer and hold in servitude virtually the whole world, are the only reasonable postulation for a new world order of permanence and common sense and progress." What makes Dr. Embree's part in the discussion interestini [?] if not convincing is his selection of basic factors in the rise and fall of the several great recorded civilizations. After each rise of a special civilization, he pointed out, there was a leveling off as other peoples learned to use the vital new invention with equal skill and more aggressive effectiveness. This was true of Egypt, which invented farming; of Greece which invented writing; of Rome, which invented the science of organization; and history was destined to repeat itself in the case of the present great Western European civilization which had surged upward into world domination on its high development of power machinery unless that civilization had the wisdom to enter into an era of cooperation on a basis of full equality with the more numerous non white peoples who had now solved their riddle of greatness. A stubborn fact to be reckoned with in any attempt to make freedom and equality universal is that nations like individual persons are not easily induced to surrender their advantaged position or their prospect of gains. The spirit of rivarly persists. Perhaps the best that can be done now is to see to it that competition among nations becomes less "cut throat" and that it does not embrace exploitation of one people by another. Churches COMMUNITY CHURCH Jordan Hall "Emerging Ideas in the World Struggle" will be the subject of the address by Louis Dolivet, editor of the Free World under whose auspices Vice-President Wallace gave his famous speech on "the Century of the Common Man" at the Community Church Sunday, January 31, at 10:30 A.M. Mr. Dolivet is Secretary-General of the Free World Association , a ninterdenominational committee for democratic victory. An Attorney, he wa a former collaborator at the Institute for International Studies. Since 1939 Louis Dolivet served with the French Air Army until he was demobilized in the summer of 1940. After the armistice he traveled extensively in France and in December escaped to Lisbon and came to America. G CHURCH OF GOD IN CHRIST New Location Camden and Columbus Avenues Rev. Cornelius Range, Pastor and State Bishop Sunday, January 31 the Deaconess Board will observe their fourth anniversary. The Pastor will deliver the Anniversary sermon at 1 PM. A unique program will be rendered at 3 PM. Mrs. D M Matthews of Hartford, Conn., State Supervisor, will deliver the evening message. The sides of the d? mother of pearl w? igns. And, folks, th? ny" Grier plays t? ments was one of the show. A Bosto? ny Hodges made it is supposed to fifteen players, a Betty Roche, t? did their share i? a different concer? delight of the au? and old, colored. swingsters regula? and all. Founder's Day (Continued from ier. Dean of Instruct? ton Institute. Mr. La? the race's leading ed? one of the most ? graduates of the U? Wisconsin. having st? none other than present president, MacLean, who bef? HAmpton, was a m? faculty at the U? Wisconsin. Miss Odele Swee? ate of Hampton, the Cambridge Co? ter, will also speakers on the will be vocal so? wins Bryant a? Le Roy Walker, Boston Hampto? ter, will be Mas? ies. Hayes (Continued fr was a new ex? quisite was h? nald Boardma? cient accomp? whose songs On the progra? late Dr. George vorite Spiritu? Climbing Jacob? BOSTON DAILY PRAISES HAY? "Distinguishe? for Roland Ha? last night. Th? tion in the pr? tinction in th? and there was, unmistakable ? true artist fr? end. The re? return to a hall after r? years proved ordinary mas? projecting without sli? a great—a? he posses? —BOSTON IN M? MRS. M? fell asl? In lov? won? WILLIA? IN M? 1940 — J/ In Lo? BENJAM? who passe? Janu? Gone B? M? [*Woman's Tribune July 14, 1900 National American Woman suffrage Association*] Color Line in the Federation The Tribune regrets that some readers failed to notice the brief editorial in last issue on the exclusion of the colored women's club from the General Federation, and so have thought no notice was taken of this fact. The intention was to give an explicit statement of conviction that no color line should be drawh, or will stay drawn and that the broad principles enunciated by Mrs. Lowe in her opening address would logically, and, if held sincerely by the leaders, speedily break down artificial barriers between classes of women. At the same time the matter did not come before the Federation and perhaps most of the delegates, like the writer, did not see how to bring it there. Therefore the Federation was not to blame although it must now assume the obligation for future action. The question is only postponed. It should be acted on by the local clubs and State Federations and the result mace known to the Council, which would be compelled to regard the will of the majority. The matter could also be settled by a mandatory amendment to the constitution, but it seems a pity to emphasize the fact to the future that there should have been such a necessity. It is a great pity that the question was not settled on the basis of equal human rights for at the time when the Federation was almost a unit in demonstrating their appreciation of Mrs. Lowe the Southern delegates would never have done so ungracious a thing as to withdraw from the Federation. It is also a great pity that Mrs Ruffin did not accept a seat in the Biennial as a delegate from the Massachusetts Federation, and also from the New England Woman's Press Association. Her presence in the Biennial as a regular delegate from mixed organizations would have been a virtual settling of the question in favor of the race, and even in favor of the New Era Club, the very point at issue, as the New Era Club is a member of the Massachusetts Federation. If she had modestly and amicably taken her rightful part in the proceedings of the Biennial it would have allayed much prejudice, which as it was, was greatly enhanced by exaggerated interviews and press comment, and public platform denunciation. When asking one side to lay aside all its ancient prejudices and lend a generous helping hand, not in a patronizing way, but in a spirit of sisterly love which will best help the race to develop itself, it is not too much to ask of the advance guard of the other side some patience and consideration. But let no one so misinterpret the temper of the Federation as to claim that the re-election of Mrs. Lowe was an endorsement of the action of the Council. It was an endorsement of her two years' service and of the gracious and able manner in which she presided over the Biennial. If a concession seems to have been made to Southern sentiment as some Southern papers claim, let it give time for a careful and Christian review of the whole matter. Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.