HARNED / WHITMAN Manuscripts Prose "The Era of Queen Mary" (h.c.60) Box 1 Folder 3860 [Portion of an early draft of an article possibly entitled] THE ERA OF QUEEN MARY [4] p. on 4 l. 23 x 14 cm. (one lead 20 1/2 x 12 1/2 cm.) Holograph, In ink with revisions in pencil and ink. Accompanied by notes on sixteenth-century Europe, on eight scraps and leaves, written in ink, and ranging in size from 8 x 12 to 23 x 13 1/2 cm. Era of Queen Mary. part of the 16th Century (say about from 1520 to Mary's Death. 1558) begins Elizabeth 1558 - reigns 45 yrs - Dies aged 70 The 16th Century in English history [?] filld mostly [between] with the boy [?] Henry 8th and his second daughter Elizabeth has the interrelation [of his] between them. [First daughters] of the short reign of his boy son Edward 6th and of his [second] first Daughter, Queen Mary. Though Feudalism still maintain'd its state modern Democracy either had birth though unsuspected or took its embryonic condition The importance of the discovery of America began to be [?] The English language assumed the state in which we now have it. [*263*]Queen Mary. 16th Century Out of this century too undoubtedly came the distinctive shaping & coloring of Shakspere's genius. Queen Mary, like so many fine plays, poems, romances, etc. is undoubtedly open to the [sarcastic] severe criticism of Jefferson on the general [writings] scope of Walter Scott, namely that [it picks out] while it fails to give at all the life of the great mass of the people [of the times] [?] then & there, it picks out the [lives?] life of a few great persons & gives that life falsely deceptive. the same criticism can be made, from our point of view, against Shakspere. Yet, [?] as all art is a compromise. It is the trick (& probably should be so) of the good portrait painter who first gives a good likeness and then to present his subject as [in] [?] the best, adds to or leaves off without scruple 264 Of the 16th century in Europe, (crowded as it [is] was with great events) perhaps the most important in [?] itself and in giving a tinge more or less to every thing [all other] [?] else, large or small, was the conflict [of] between Roman Catholicism & Protestantism. For three quarters of the century it involved all the hot passions & strongest obstinacy, and mutuality of cruelty, to say nothing of convictions, [of want] not only of [rulers] [and] potentates and councils and parliaments, but the masses of the people. Our own slavery contest, culminating in the war of 1861-'65, affords how some analogies to it and we [thought may] are accustomed to think [it] that war furious and cruel & uncompromising enough, but it was innocence itself to the general horrors & blood and flames and scaffolds of [that] the long continued struggle alluded to in Europe. Historically and every way of first-class interest [as that], The Protestant contest [it] is markedly soFinally Have we not overlook'd too much my friends – and are we not overlooking – the simple emotional & artistic bearings of the chief characters, chief events & shapings of [Those &] our Commonweal? Do not those bearings go deeper & spread further than all our vaunted politics, erudition Are they not [at] the vital inner marrow not only of the individual & society fabric – but [it is it not] really [they] more [even] by far than equal suffrage, or even our magnificent common [sch?] who are to give [ras??ess] [character] form, [&] meaning, to [the] this Democratic Nation to all these Equal States? -- to the New World? [*266*] Queen Mary Of England - English history - remembering what we are rather apt to forget, that there were great oceans of life, business, humanity, [for transcending] [those] in Asia and Africa, & in unrecorded parts of Europe for transcending the narrow circle of England - [*267*]The Religion of Republicanism Copy was sent you recently as an In Memoriam Note also the slip I printed from his writings as an Edition of the Bibles of the World" His idea of Literature for Democracy is clearly the nearest to your own I have yet seen in print he also clearly and distinctly advises the Books to read and Study. His [duty] Duties of Man. to me seems to be the New Testament of Democracy. See also M. Michelet, [Bible ???] Bible de l"Humanite." [Bornouf.] Science of Religion in Revue Deux [??] des. – This Literature like the People need and should study. –– Queen Mary. 16th Century Luther – it was the Century of Calvin (died 15-64) & before its close of Galileo. (born 1564 Shakespere (born 1564) Peasant's war in Germany. (1522) Age of the opening [of] of America, & first voyages & settlements [269] Wolsey, the most gorgeous & puissant of prelates Luther comes in about 1518 or '20 (just begins) (in 1517, aged 34. Prof. of Philosophy at Uni. of Wittemburg, he came out in that city against the sale of "indulgences" by the Pope's agent.)Mazzini's Life & writings Vol. 2 of an European Literature on the Historical Drama on Fatality as an Element of the Drama on Italian Literature on Victor Hugo on Lamartine – 4. on the Philosophy of Music on the [genius?] Tendency of T. Carlyle on His French Revolution on Dante Duties of Man. – V6. Lamonnairs G. Sand. Byron Gothe. Thoughts on Democracy in Europe Europe its condition and Prospects. Theory of the Dagger. And address to the Council of the Peoples International League. Non Intervention Two Letters on the Crimean War Letter to the Pope on the [Commons?].1536 – Coverdale's Bible for popular use 1539 Cranmers or The Great Bible illustration, or frontispiece by Hans Holbein now – "the war of the Reformation" Henry 8th's reign was only anti-Catholic – not Protestant however, by any means – Edward 6th's reign commenced something more like Protestantism – P. makes substantial headway Mary's reign reverses this – soon she begins stern violent wholesale measures for Catholicism [*272*] t Henry 8th then his son Edward 6th then his (Henry 8ths) daughter Queen Mary (bloody Mary) who reigns 5 or 6 years [?]: 1553 to 1588 (Lady Jane Grey & her husband beheaded in Feb 12 1554) then Henry 8th other daughter Queen Elizabeth (Lady Jane Grey was daughter of the Duke of Suffolk – the Duke was beheaded 12 days after her execution) – It was a fierce contest which should carry the day, (the throne) – Catholics or Protestants – & also personal ambition was [?] [*271*][?] The 16th Century, the struggle of the Protestants Reforma- tion entering Kings & Kingdoms – aye, a continent – & all the interests of life, politics & morals. (The breaking up of the monasteries in England 1537) in its folds, and blending in its throes 1526 – first English version of New Testament [Bible] printed but interdicted by the king [?] Luther – 1517?] – The Popes bull against him} 1520 the Diet at Worms. order'd by Charles V. Emp. Germany (1521 – Henry 8th writes a book against Luther, defends the Pope) – for this the Pope gave him the title "Defender of the Faith" which the British sovereigns bear to this Day! 1531 – The English Catholic Clergy indicted [vc. g] Henry 8th __ he begins breaking down the Papal & Catholic power 273[for there is in the Intellect of man, the ages, a last eternal, appellate court, or judgment] [???] Richard 2nd 1399 to 1413} Henry 4th 1413 to 1422} Henry 5th H. of Monmouth} King from 24th to 34th year -- Died in or near Paris 1413 - 1422 [*L*] 1422 Henry VI. son of Henry V & Catherine of France, infant -- 9 mon old 1461 Edward IV. -- York [*L*] 1470 Henry VI briefly restored. (previous 5 years pres'. over in the Tower) [*Y*] 1471 Edward IV again, till 1483. Edward V, or rather " Richard 3rd reigned 2 yr's & 2 mo's 1485 Henry VII Shakspear's Earl of Richmond to 1509 274