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Dear Sir: I am pleased to hear, by yours of the 9th., of the success of Major
Tallmadges excursion.
Dr. Sir: I received your letter of yesterday last night. The intelligence from New London is interesting; I wish it had been more particular and distinct. I am to request you will immediately endeavour to procure a discreet sensible officer to go to that place with all dispatch, and by inquiries of
22. Raid on Lloyd's Neck, Long Island, on September 5.
23. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
the Captains themselves endeavour to ascertain the following particulars: The number and sizes of the Vessels of war; the number of the others and their contents whether they have troops on Board or not, from what port in the West Indies they came and to what port on this coast they were bound; who commands &c.
I wish the greatest expedition to be used in going and coming and the greatest prudence in avoiding suspicion, that no alarm may be given; in case it should be the approach of a fleet to cooperate with us. I am, etc.
P. S. The officer will keep a particular account of his expenses which shall be
paid.
Dr Sir: You will be pleased to put General Nixons brigade under marching orders that it may be ready to move at the shortest notice: You will receive further directions for its destination.
You will also send off in the morning early to Fish Kill a subaltern's guard of
chosen men to take charge of the French Ministers baggage, when it arrives there
and escort it to Philadelphia. Let the officer be of address and the men of good
appearance. I am, etc.
[MS.H.S.]
34. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
46. In the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
Dr. Sir: We have accounts by vessels arrived at different places which make it probable a French fleet is approaching our coast. If this should be the case, it will be of importance to prevent the retreat of the troops at Kings ferry to their main body. The French Commandant will probably do his part to obstruct it by water and our business is to make such dispositions as are calculated to obstruct it by land. For this purpose you will be pleased to march with the troops under your command towards Pine's Bridge, where you will take such a position as is best adapted to your security. This appears to me from the recollection I have of the ground, to be on the south side of the bridge but I leave the choice
to yourself. You will be joined in your new position by General Nixons brigade. Great vigilance and caution, to prevent a surprise will be necessary as the enemy can conveniently manoeuvre on your flank and towards your rear; but with the help of your cavalry, you may avoid the danger.
You will keep patroles and lookouts constantly along the river to advise you punctually of every movement in it that you may have the ealiest notice of the appearance of our friends; of which the moment you have good intelligence you will without waiting orders from me move with all dispatch towards the River (informing me of your movement) and endeavour if you can to gain the new bridge at the mouth of Croton before the enemy passes it. This will enable you to interrupt their passage and they will of course fall into our hands.
The reason of your movement to Pines Bridge, must remain a profound secret, because it would give an alarm to the enemy, which may defeat our purpose if the French fleet does appear and would expose us to ridicule if they do not.
I have received your letter of the 12th. and inclose you the only edition of the
articles of war in our possession and the resolve of Congress which affects the
case of your prisoner. You will send the proceedings of the Court Martial to Hd.
Qrs. for confirmation. I am, etc.
47. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
Dr: Sir: I have received Your Letter of the 1st. of August, but it did not come
to hand till yesterday. Your situation will not permit me to refuse your request
and I have only to regret that any circumstance should exist to deprive the
States of the service of so good an Officer. I inclose you your Commission with
a certificate of your resignation indorsed which bears the date of your Letter.
Wishing you every happiness and a more perfect recovery of your wound, I am,
etc.
Dr: Sir: You will be pleased immediately on receipt of this to call in the party
which was intended to escort Mr. Gerard, who I am informed has altered his
intention of coming this way, leaving that one designed for Mr. La Luzerne where
it was stationed, and obey such orders as you may receive from Major General
Lord Stirling. I am, etc.
48. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
49. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Dear Sir: From several circumstances there is reason to believe that a French
Squadron may be expected upon this coast. As it is of the utmost consequence
that Count D'Estaing or the Officer commanding this Squadron (should such an one
arrive) should as soon as possible receive some necessary information from me, I
desire that you will immediately move with the remainder of your Corps to the
County of Monmouth and take a position as near the coast as you can, without
making yourself liable to a surprise.
50. On this same day (September 13) Washington wrote to Lord Stirling: “Some circumstances having made it necessary to station Major Lee's corps at Monmouth, your Lordship will have his post at Paramus occupied by Lieut. Colo. Washington; inclosed is a letter directing him to take your orders on this occasion.” This letter is in the Varick Transcripts in the Library of Congress.
Outs upon the Coast may be said to be for your security from a surprise. I would
advise you to keep up a communication, across south River, with Lt. Colo. Taylor
at Elizabeth town, forwarding your dispatches to him and desiring him to send
them by Express to me. Desire him also to give you any information which he may
obtain from Staten Island. The detachment from your Corps under Capt.
Eggleston
You will give me the most instantanious information of the fleet should it arrive
after or be arrived when you get down to Monmouth. I am, &c.
51. Capt. Joseph Eggleston, of Lee's Legion. He was taken prisoner at Elizabethtown in January, 1780, exchanged and served to the close of the war.
52. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: I have received your Letter of the 12th. with a transcript of the Resolution of the 24th. of July appointing you to the office of Cloathier General, which had been previously announced to me, by His Excellency the president of Congress.
As the duties of the department are generally delineated in the Ordinance of 23rd. of March last, established by Congress, with whom and the Honorable the Board of War, you have had communications upon the subject since your appointment; there remains but little for me to give you in direction at this time. However, I think it proper for me to inform you of the following points.
That Springfield and Philadelphia appear to me, in our present circumstances, to be well calculated as proper places of Deposit in the first instance, for All articles of cloathing to be procured or already provided for the Army. Springfield for all the supplies imported or purchased by the Agents at the
Eastward; Philadelphia for all imported or purchased there or in the Neighbouring States. From those two places the supplies can be occasionally ordered and drawn.
From the approaching season of the Year, the Uniform and Other Winter Cloathing ought to be prepared and transported as fast as possible to the Town of Newburg on account of its contiguity to the Army and the probable places of operation for the present campaign, that it may be ready to deliver to the Troops entitled to receive it, in the course of next month if it be practicable.
But the most particular and instant attention should be paid to the state of Blankets, Shirts and Shoes and not a moment lost in having supplies brought to the last place.
The condition of the troops in a variety of instances for want of the first is already distressing, and if they are not very speedily relieved, it must of necessity, become far more disagreeable, and indeed miserable. In like manner, if there are not proper supplies of the two last immediately obtained and constantly kept with the Army, and of which there is now a great deficiency, especially in the Article of Shirts, the Soldiers will be rendered unfit for duty and it will be impossible for them to perform even the most common services.
My uneasiness for the distresses of the Troops with respect to Blankets induces me to advise that you send Expresses to the several Agents and urge them to forward, without the least possible delay, all that they have or can procure. They
cannot get too many as a large proportion of the Army is destitute.
I also think it proper to mention that if there is any Cloathing in the hands of public purchasers or Agents fit for Officers, it should also be brought on. The condition of many of them in this respect is at least disagreeable.
Your attention will naturally go to all the Troops, and will lead to a proportionate distribution of Articles for those at Providence. My motive for mentioning this is, that it may possibly happen, that their proportion may be more conveniently carried in the first instance to that place.
The Quarter Master's department will of course forward the transportation of cloathing; however, as it is a point very interesting, it may not be amiss for you to mention the subject to Genl. Greene, who, I am persuaded, will do all in his power, to facilitate the transportation, by instructions to his Deputies.
I have now mentioned such points as have occurred to me as most material to give you in charge at this time, and after adding One thing more I shall have done.
The inconvenience and load of business which has been heretofore thrown on me, for want of system and arrangement in this department, and from the Cloathier's having been very seldom with the Army, induces me to hope, and I persuade myself that it will be the case, that you will use your best exertions to put matters in a proper train, and after
you have done it, that you will employ as much of your time with the Army as will be consistent with the great Objects of your appointment.
Your conduct in the measures you have taken appears to be perfectly right and the
Objects you have in view do you great credit. I hope the duties of your Office
will be discharged in a manner that will be satisfactory to yourself, to the
Army and to the Public. Any assistance that I can afford, which will be
advancive of this, you may rely shall not be withheld. I am, etc.
Sir: I have been favd. with yours of the 5th. and 6th. instants. I sincerely hope, that the intelligence communicated in the latter may prove true. It is corroborated by two other arrivals at New London; and four sailors, who deserted a few nights ago from a Sloop of War in the North River, declare that advice had been received of the arrival of a French Fleet at the Hook; but having heard nothing of it from below, I conclude they are mistaken. I have no official account of any such intended movement in the French Fleet; but I think we ought, at all events, to be prepared for
53. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
a cooperation with them, should they arrive, especially, when it can be done, without deranging our general plan. I would therefore wish you to hold the Continental Troops, under your command, ready to act as circumstances may require.
Since I wrote to you last, I have received a letter from General Sullivan of 30th. Augt. He had been met the day before, by the collected force of Indians and Tories under the command of the two Butlers, Brant and Mcdonald, at a place called the Newtown, upon the Cayuga River. The enemy were very advantagiously posted and intrenched behind a masked line, but this being discovered in time, by the Rifle Men in advance, Genl. Sullivan made his dispositions, and attacked them in front and flank nearly at the same time.…
I hope this stroke may be decisive in its consequences, and give General Sullivan
an almost uninterrupted progress thro' the Indian Country. I am, etc.
[N.Y.H.S.]
62. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. The omitted portion is practically the
same as that in Washington's letter to Governor Clinton, Sept. 8, 1779,
describing Sullivan's victory and the General Orders, Sept. 10, 1779, q. v.
Dr Sir: It is my intention that General Nixon shall form a junction with General
Howe at Pines' bridge Croton River. This you will communicate to him, and send
to Genl. Howe to know, when he expects to be there; and let General Nixon begin
his march so as to arrive there nearly at the same time with him.
You will give General Nixon your instructions accordingly, and advise him to be cautious in his march lest the enemy at Kingsferry should attempt any stroke upon him which however is not very probable. I am, etc.
P.S. I have written to General Howe on this subject yesterday. When Gen: Nixon
moves you will provide for the security of your own camp by proper pickets
&c.
[MS.H.S.]
My Lord: Your removal from Ramapaugh to your present position 'was on account of the Arrival of the enemy's reinforcement; but that having been found from its numbers, and their situation
63. On September 16 Washington wrote again to Heath informing him that
General Howe would begin his march to Pine Bridge that morning and Heath
would “regulate Gen: Nixon's march accordingly.” This letter is in the Washington Papers.
64. In the writing of James McHenry.
in respect to health, inadequate to an attempt upon these posts, I think you may with safety return to your old ground near Sufferans. This you will do immediately after the Receipt of this. I have another reason for this move, which is, that a report by several channels, has announced a french fleet of Men of War and transports standing for this Coast. I have it not officially, but we ought to be prepared for a co-operation, especially when we can make the necessary dispositions, without deranging our general plan.
I would wish your Lordship therefore to hold your division in the most perfect readiness, and upon receiving certain intelligence that a french fleet has arrived, without waiting further orders from me, move down and take such position, as will enable you to intercept the Garrison of Stoney point, should circumstances render it necessary for them to make their retreat by land upon this side the River. Should you move on this account, you are to inform me of it.
I must request your Lordship to keep this matter a profound secret. Should the report of the fleet turn out to be true, the less the enemy are apprised, the more will be their confusion and derangement upon its arrival. If there should be nothing in it, we should appear ridiculous to have preparations without reason.
Be pleased to direct a Field Officer and two good Captains to repair to Morris
town to hold a Court of Inquiry upon some matter respecting the conduct of Colo.
Abeel
65. Col. James Abeel.
Inquiry and the necessary papers. The reason of holding the Court at Morristown
is that most of the Witnesses are at that place, and in the Neighbourhood and
cannot be conveniently collected elsewhere. I am, &c.
My dear Sir: Your letter of this day is this moment received. I shall take pleasure in paying every attention to the comfort and convenience of the Light Infantry, which the nature of the service they perform may require and the establishment of the army permit, so far as may be consistent with propriety and the general good of the troops. But I do not think a compliance with Mr. Measoms proposal would be adviseable on more accounts than one. The Light Infantry being only considered as detachments from the line ought to bear the uniform of the Regiments from which they are taken. Though this from the diversity of our uniforms will not be so favourable to their appearance as might be wished, the contrary would be a deviation from common practice and would not fail to create uneasinesses, Besides whenever it should be found expedient to return them to their Regiments it would then produce a more disagreeable diversity in the Regiments to which they belong.
66. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
So soon as the Cloathing for the Army can be brought on to camp a general distribution of uniforms will take place; to furnish a part sooner would excite jealousy and discontent.
As there are rumours of a french fleet approaching our coast, though I have no
expectation of such an event, I shall be obliged to you to be particularly
attentive to any firing towards New York, or in this River; and if there should
be any more than ordinary, I shall be glad of immediate information. I am,
etc.
[H. S. P.]
Dr. Sir: I had the pleasure of receiving your letter of the 30th. of August, and congratulate you sincerely on the success of the engagement at Newtown. I immediately transmitted your account to Congress.
The advantages we have already gained over the Indians in the distruction of so many of their settlements is very flattering to the expedition. But to make it as conclusive as the state of your provisions and the safety of your army will countenance, I would mention two points which I may
67. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
not have sufficiently expressed in my general instructions, or if I have, which
I wish to repeat. The one is, the necessity of pushing the Indians to the
greatest practicable distance, from their own settlements, and our frontiers; to
the throwing them wholly on the British enemy. The other is, the making the
destruction of their settlements so final and complete, as to put it out of
their power to derive the smallest succour from them, in case they should even
attempt to return this season. I am, etc.
[N.H.H.S.]
Sir:
75. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
I have received your Letter of the 15th. inclosing Copies of the correspondence between you and Mr. Measom on the Two preceding days. I am much surprised to find, that Mr. Measom, after the late arrangement of the Cloathing department and your appointment by Congress, to the Office of Cloathier General should so far refuse obedience to their authority, as to suppose the direction and superintendance of the Store at Springfield not in you. The inclosed Letter to him is on the subject, and he will not hesitate to comply with the views of Congress, by supposing the direction of the Cloathing department still in him, when from the very nature of the Ordinance of the 23d. of March and your appointment on the 24th of July as the Head of it, the contrary is of necessity implied and declared. My Letter of the 13th. is full upon the necessity there is, for your having the Blankets and Other Cloathing brought on to Newburg with all possible expedition, and I trust every exertion will be made to effect it.
You had better obtain from the Adjutant General a Copy of the General Order
announcing your appointment by Congress as Cloathier General. I am, etc.
82. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
Sir: Mr. Wilkinson has transmitted me the Copy of a Letter from him to you of the
13th. and of your Answer the next day. The only part of your correspondence
which it concerns me to notice, is that which supposes, that Mr. Wilkinson has
not the direction and superintendance of the Cloathing at Springfield. I confess
I am surprised, after the Ordinance of the 23d of March, and his appointment, by
Congress as Cloathier General and the announciation of it in General Orders that
you should have entertained an Idea that he had not the general direction and
ordering of All Cloathing for the Army when from the
very nature of the Ordinance and his subsequent appointment, and the necessity
of the thing, it is implied and declared in the most explicit and unequivocal
terms. Such an Idea is totally inadmissible and your making it necessary for him
to have his commands with respect to the Cloathing at Springfield pass thro you
and sanctified by your instructions cannot be considered in any Other light than
as a disobedience of the Acts of Congress.
They have been pleased to appoint him Head of the Department and as such he must be regarded and respected accordingly, whatever claims expectations or wishes You or Any other Gentlemen might have had of being elected to the
Office. Mr. Wilkinson's taking charge of the Goods at Springfield, cannot possibly retard the Settlement of your accounts, as his receipts, in adjusting the same, will operate as substantially, as a Voucher for the Articles delivered, as if they had been issued to the Army, and must exonorate you from every public claim for every article comprehended in them.
I trust Sir, there will be no farther difficulties in this business, and that
you, so far from throwing impediments in the way, will do any thing that rests
with you, to promote the Objects of his appointment. I am, etc.
Dr. Sir: I have to acknowledge the receipt of your favor dated the 5th. Instant.
My last letter contains my order for your return to this army to which I refer. I have only further to observe on this Subject that you would move slowly this way nor precipitate your march.
The prisoners which you speak of you will bring with you. Should you be apprehensive that the magazine at Coos will be rather insecure after your departure,
83. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
I wish you to take such measures for its removal to a place of greater safety on the Connecticut river as may appear expedient on this occasion. But if you suppose it safe where it is, there will be an advantage in letting it remain.
You will be pleased to collect the necessary information in support of the several charges which relate to the mismanagement of the provisions at Co'os.
I would just observe on what you have said respecting clothing for the regiment, that when you rejoin us, it will receive the same supplies as we have for the rest of the army. I am, etc.
P.S. I see by your last pay Abstracts, for the Month's of June and July that
Major Taylor
Dr. Sir: I have your favs. of the 14th. and 17th. Genl. Knox is just now absent, but when he returns, I will inquire into the necessity of keeping the guard, you mention at Litch
86. Maj. John Taylor, of the Second Canadian Regiment.
87. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry and Tench Tilghman.
field.
North Castle Church would certainly be a very ineligible situation for Genl. Howe. From his letter to me, he had not taken post there, but was rather reconnoitering a proper position. I had a particular object in view when I ordered the troops to move to pines bridge, but now seeing little or no probability of the matters taking place which induced me to send them down; I have therefore directed Genl. Howe to march again with Glovers and Nixons Brigades to the neighbourhood of lower Salem. I am, &c.
Be pleased to forward the inclosed to Genl Howe immediately. I have since writing
the above met with a conveyance for it.
[MS.H.S.]
Dear Sir: I was yesterday favd. with yours of the 16th. Was there occasion for you to remain near Croton, I should think any position, advanced beyond that River, ineligible; But as I am now induced to believe that, the Report of a french
92. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
Fleet's being bound for this Coast, is without foundation, I think you may as well march immediately back with Glovers and Nixon's Brigades to Lower Salem, or to the position a few Miles below, which you proposed to take for the convenience of foraging to more advantage.
Be pleased to inform me of your arrival at your new post. I am, etc.
I recd. yours of the 12th. 14th. and 15th.
Gentn: I have just received the Arrangement of the Virginia line from the Board of War, as settled at Middle Brook
93. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
in March, which I inclose with a Copy of the Board's Letter of the 10th.
Instant. By this Arrangement you will find, that the vacancies which had
happened in the line of Captains and more Inferior Officers, previous to the
making of it and subsequent to that at the White plains in September, were left
open in the respective Regiments for their Officers in captivity; and as this
principle was pursued with respect to the Captains and Subalterns, and the
Memorandum on the 3d. leaf of the Arrangement is in general terms,“that all
vacancies for prisoners subsequent to the Arrangement at White plains were left
open for them,” I cannot account for the same not being done in the case of the
Field Officers as far as it was practicable, the reason being the same, unless
the resignation of Colo. Fleming,
94. Lieut. Col. Charles Fleming, of the Eighth Virginia Regiment. He had resigned in December, 1778.
95. Capt. Andrew Waggoner, of the Eighth Virginia Regiment. His majority dated from December, 1778; taken prisoner at Charleston in May, 1780; exchanged in November, 1780; retired in January, 1783.
96. Lieut. Col. Holt Richardson (Richeson).
will procure such new Commissions as may be wanted.
If the plan adopted at White plains is still to prevail, Major Cabell will rank as Lieutenant Colonel from the resignation of Lt Colo Flemming on the 15th. of Decr. and Captain Waggoner as Major, from the same time.
That matters may be facilitated I also inclose a List of all the Resignations
that have come to my knowledge since September. I also forward sundry
Commissions, which if right, I request you to deliver: There came two for Major
Cabell and Captn Waggoner; but as they are wrong in their date, if the
Arrangement is to be conducted on the principle adopted at the White plains, as
I have already observed, and are premature if it is conducted on that pursued at
Middle Brook, I do not send them. The sooner the Arrangement can be properly and
explicitly adjusted the better. Where there are to be promotions, and which are
the only cases where New Commissions will be wanted, they will be particularly
noted, that as little unnecessary trouble as possible may be occasioned. I am,
etc. N. B. You will return me the Arrangement which I inclose.
My Lord: I have been favored with your Lordship's letter
97. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
On September 18 Washington wrote briefly to General Woodford, approving the
latter sending Maj. John Webb, of the Fifth Virginia Regiment, to
Philadelphia. This letter is in the Washington
Papers.
of the 18th. and that of Colonel Taylors.
Very particular applications have been made to me of late, similar to that from
your Lordship, which I have uniformly referred to the civil authority. Your
Lordship will readily perceive the necessity for preserving the same conduct in
all cases. In the present instance, however, I shall find myself peculiarly
unhappy in refusing the permission you have asked for Lady Mary,
You will be pleased to forward Colonel Taylors letter which incloses the money he
has mentioned. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: I have been [just] favoured with yours Letter of the 23d. of August. Although I have a high sense of your merit as an Officer and ever regretted your leaving the service, as I have frequently expressed [and did all in my power to prevent] yet I cannot concur with you in the measure you have been pleased to refer to me; and I am the more concerned, as it is one in which
98. Stirling's daughter.
99. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
your wishes appear to be so much interested. The plan cannot be approved or seconded by me, because it is in a variety of respects and indeed throughout the whole, contrary both to the letter and spirit of the present establishment of the Army, and the measures which have been generally pursued. It proposes a Corps almost equal to two Regiments; to have Three field Officers, when under the establishment, there can only be two in any Regimet. after certain periods, and the first of those only a Lt Colo; and second Lieutenants, when that admits of none. Those discriminations of themselves would certainly create jealousies and uneasiness. The plan however is farther exceptionable, as it proposes, that the Corps shall be wholly unconnected with the line and not be annexed to any division or brigade. This is another discrimination, if it were admissible, that would not fail to excite disgust. But these, great as they are, are not the only objections to the measure.
It has been found necessary of late for a variety of cogent reasons, to reduce and incorporate many Corps in the Army, and more especially those of an Independent nature, or which were not attached to the line of particular States; and in doing it, to put out of the service Many Officers of fair characters, long and constant standing, of good reputation; and the like has been the case in a variety of instances, in the regular batallions [instance Virga. reducg. 15 to 11]. For me immediately after this to advise and second the raising
of New Ones upon a plan more liable to objections than that on which those
stood; subject to the same inconveniences that made their reduction and
incorporation necessary, giving more priviledges and a more extensive command to
the Officers of it, than the rest of the Army have, or than are authorized by
our general military system, would expose me at least to the charge of
inconsistency. Besides the general murmur the measure would produce, the
Officers in the Virginia line would be peculiarly disgusted and affected, as the
raising of such a corps, would certainly operate to diminish their commands, by
taking off a part of the Men, which they probably might have got; as it would
lessen the abilities of the State to provide for their batallions to which it is
bound by the general system of apportionment in the great scale of the
Continent. These several reasons all prevail to prevent me from concurring in
your plan and to dissuade you entirely from it. I am, etc.
Sir: I have received your favr. of the 17th. and am exceedingly obliged to you for the intelligence it contains.
1. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. The portions in brackets are inserted by Washington.
I send inclosed two half Johannes.
Be pleased to endeavour to learn whether the Vessels, preparing to take the Cavalry on board, are square rigged, or sloops and schooners; we may judge of the Voyage by being acquainted with these particulars. I shall also be glad to know at what distance in the rear of the City they are throwing up lines across the Island. I have stationed Major Lee in Monmouth County for a particular purpose, and have desired him to apply to you from time to time for any intelligence which you may receive from Staten Island. You will oblige me by communicating to him the information you receive whenever he requests it. I am, etc.
P.S. Several accounts by Vessels from the West Indies mention a french fleet
having been left at sea steering towards this Coast. I have no official
intelligence of any such thing. But should such a fleet appear off the Hook, you
will be pleased to give me the most instantaneous information by Express.
Dear Sir: I have your favr. of this morning
2. A Johannes was a gold coin of Portugal, so called from having been minted in the reign of King John. It was worth about $9.
3. Secret services.
4. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
respecting Capt. Lyman.
Dear Sir: I have this moment received your favs. of the 19th. and 20th. My Accounts from New York by way of Staten Island agree in the main with yours, and General Wayne just now informs me that he is of opinion that the evacuation of both Verplanks and Stoney points is in agitation. You must exercise your own judgment in pitching upon a position, I have only one general Rule to lay down for you, which is, to keep at such a distance with your main body as to avoid a possibility of a surprise, and
8. Capt. Gamaliel Dwight Lyman, of the Sixty-fourth Foot. He is given as a lieutenant in the British Army List of 1779. He left the service and, in 1781, wrote to Washington from Fairfield, Conn., offering his services.
9. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
to be very vigilant. I am &c.
Dear Sir: The inclosed complaint from the Non commissioned officers and soldiers of the third Massachusetts regiment was delivered me by Col. Scammell. As the form in which it appears is improper, and if attended to, might operate as a precedent for sedition, I have directed Col Scammell to express my disapprobation of the manner of the complaint and point out the proper channel through which redress ought to be sought. But as I would not wish to neglect a case of this nature, where charges of fraud are made against any officer, I transmit the paper to you; and I am to desire if the matter comes before you in a proper shape, that you will have a strict inquiry made into it.
The opinion I have of Col Graytons
10. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
11. Col. John Greaton, of the Third Massachusetts Regiment.
12. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
Dr. Sir: I am this moment favored with your letter. Accounts received by deserters from Verplanks point and the report of a patrole this morning give me reason to believe the enemy are at least about evacuating this post.
You will not fail to give me the earliest information of what further movements
you may discover. I am, &c.
[H.S.P.]
Gentlemen: I have recd. yours of 11th. Inst. Before the arrangement of Colo. Gists present regiment was sent to the Board of War, in order that Commissions might be issued, time was given to the officers to state their respective claims, and that no objections might be afterwards made they signed the arrangement, signifying their approbation thereof. Several applications similar to yours have been made by Officers of other Corps but I have been under the neces
13. In the writing of James McHenry.
14. Of Col. Nathaniel Gist's Additional Continental regiment. Both Brownlee and Kirk retired in January, 1781.
sity of rejecting them, as it would produce a revival of all old claims, and
entirely derange the Rank of the whole line of the Army, which is now generally
settled to satisfaction. I am, &c.
Dear Sir: I have received the inclosed representation of some violences said to
be committed in your corps against Young Gecock
15. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
16. Jecock (?), Jaycock (?).
17. Brigade Major Henry(?) McCormick in Gen. Edward Hand's brigade.
have directed the Adjutant Genl. to arrest him for the purpose.
I shall be obliged to you to let me know fully the circumstances of the treatment of Young Gecocks so far as they have fallen within your knowledge.
I have it so much at heart to prevent every species of Outrages to the
inhabitants, that I feel sensibly chagrined whenever any thing of that
complexion comes before me. With great regard I am, etc.
[H.S.P.]
Dear Sir: I am favd. with yours of yesterday with its inclosures. Capt. Willings confinement is by way of retaliation for that of Governor Hamilton's in Virginia. A representation on the subject has gone to the state of Virginia and I hope a mutual release from the present rigorous treatment of both Gentlemen will be the consequence.
By our observations from this side the River it appears that the enemy have only contracted their Works on Verplanks but have not evacuated the point.
If the fleet which we have been expecting has touched any part of our Coast we must hear of it soon.
18. In the writing of George Augustine Washington.
On September 21 Washington acknowledged in a brief note to Gen. Anthony Wayne an inclosure from Lord Stirling which Wayne had forwarded and which Washington returned. “I have nothing in particular recommend.” This letter is in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
Be pleased to forward Major Talmadge's letter immediately to him. I am,
&c.
Sir: I am to request you will give instruction to your assistants attached to the different works, to turn their attention to the barracks necessary at each to cover the men required to be constantly stationed for the immediate security of the respective posts, and the places at which it will be most proper to erect them. Were it not for the difficulty of transporting materials to those high mountains to build barracks at each sufficient to cover the whole number of men required for its complete defence, I should give a preference to this; but the difficulty of transportation inclines me to desire only strong guards during the Winter at each post to put them out of the reach of a surprise and coup de main by a small detachment, and consequently barracks proportioned to these. I leave it to your judgment what guards will be sufficient to answer the purpose and to regulate the arrangements for barracks accordingly; and I shall be obliged to you to make a report as speedily as possible. I have the honor, etc.
P.S. These barracks ought to be in the works where they will
21. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
admit them, and where they will not so near as to be always sure of a
communication on any sudden emergency and effectually protected by the fire from
the works. How far can the bomb-proofs be made to answer the purpose?
Dr Sir: I have been expecting for some time past a communication from C—. The
period which he had fixed was the 11th. instant. If you know the cause of his
silence, or have had any intimations from him, I wish to be informed of them.
Very interesting events have taken place which must and have produced
circumstances in New York, deserving of his notice: That he has gone so far
beyond his promise makes me rather uneasy on his account and desirous to learn
what you may think on the subject.
Sir: It is my wish to lay before Congress as soon as possible a state of the army, that they may be en
22. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
23. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
abled to regulate their views, and make their requisitions in due time, to the
Several States for Men. I therefore request that you will furnish me as soon as
you can, with an Abstract return , containing the amount
of the Troops of each State m service, digested in 4 Columns. The 1st. to
contain the number engaged for the War. The 2d those whose enlistments. will
expire by the last of December. The 3d those whose will expire by the last of
March, and the 4th such as will end their service by the last of June. And if
the service of any of the Levies will expire in Two or three months after the
last period; you will mention it. You will also particularly note, what number
of the Men are now levies their State and fix upon a
sort of average time when they joined the Army. You will observe that it is only
an Abstracts amount of the troops of each State which I
want, and not of the Regiments or Men's names, as this will equally answer my
purpose and save a good deal of Trouble. I am, etc.
Sir: You are to issue the Cloathing now in your hands for officers, and contained in the inventory which you have furnished, in the following manner. To the Officers of the
25. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
North Carolina Regiments; to those of the Mustering, Auditor's and Pay Master General's departments; to the Hospital Surgeons; to the Field Commissary of Military Stores and his deputies; to the Judge Advocate, and such of his assistants as do not belong to the line. Every person applying must produce a certificate, from his commanding officer or principal, specifying the corps or department to which he belongs.
You will divide the Sterling amount of your whole invoice by 150, and distribute to each person such articles as he may stand in need of equivalent to the one hundred and fiftieth part of this sum. The articles delivered are to be paid for on delivery at the rate of four pounds currency dollars at 7/6, for every pound Sterling.
The Tea is not included in the foregoing instruction, but is to be distributed as follows reserving fifty pounds of the best quality for future disposal: one pound of the best kind to each General Officer; half a pound of the same to each field officer and head of a staff department and a quarter of a pound pr. man of the remainder to any other officer of the army who shall apply. The Pepper is to be distributed in the same manner and proportion. These things to be paid for at the same rate as above directed.
In the distribution of all the articles to which these instructions relate, the officers of The Carolina troops are without fail to have their full proportion as their remote
ness from home deprives them of the advantages which other officers enjoy as well public as private.
No other officers than those here mentioned are to be included in the benefit of
the Cloathing unless they have orders from Head Quarters. I am, etc.
Gentlemen: Your favr. of the 1st. Inst. came to my hands yesterday. I am
exceedingly obliged to you for the information you give me, respecting the mode
that is adopted for the settlement of claims for waste &c. committed by the
Army. I have been much embarrassed by applications of this nature and where I
have given orders in the matter, it has been solely with a view of relieving
individuals whose claims have been apparently well supported with vouchers from
people of reputation and attachment. I remember that of Mrs. McNeal was
particularly so. Mr. Smith made application to me a few weeks ago, but I gave
him no satisfaction, and should he or any others apply again, I shall refer them
to the Board of treasury as you direct. I am, etc.
24. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
26. Continental commissioners of accounts for the Northern Department.
27. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: I have received your report dated the 22d. of your transactions with Mr. Loring on the subject of exchanges.
Mr. Loring's answer to your first proposition revives the old question of a composition of privates for officers, which has been so repeatedly and so fruitlessly agitated and which can now only tend to embarrass the relief of the prisoners on both sides. It seems that the more we do to remove the obstacles in the way of exchanges, the more solicitous the enemy are to contrive new ones and revive the old, as if they expected at length to fatigue us into compliance with their unreasonable demands. I know not with what face of justice or decency they can depart whenever it suits a particular interest from all those principles which have been agreed upon between us, and have uniformly governed our exchanges. The only established rule of exchange hitherto has been officer for officer of equal rank and soldier for soldier. The settled disinclination of the enemy to fixing general and permanent rules adequate to all the cases of captivity have obliged us to content ourselves with partial and particular exchanges; and from every
thing that has appeared, their ideas are so remote from ours, that there is
little reason to expect any future negotiation would be attended with more
success than the past, or that we should ever be able to unite a Tariff, which would have no other object than the relief of
prisoners on terms of equal advantage. While this continues a secondary motive
with the enemy, and the augmentation of their force by a large accession of
privates the ruling one, nothing of that kind can be expected. If we therefore
renounce particular exchanges, on the former plan, the prisoners will have no
other prospect before them than that of hopeless captivity. I would wish you m
your answer to Mr. Loring to represent these things to him in a decent but
pointed manner, to make him sensible of the inconsistency of his conduct and the
ill-consequences it must produce; informing him, at the same time, that we will
not hereafter make any exchanges whatsoever, unless they extend to officers and
privates indiscriminately on the footing which has heretofore obtained. The
instructions I have already given you, on the subject of composition are not to
be exceeded; and I would wish the question of privates for officers to be
avoided as I am certain, from the unreasonableness of the enemy on this head it
can answer no other purpose than to perplex, and impede the business. If in
treating of a Tariff, Mr. Loring persists in pressing Conways
29. Lieut. Gen. Henry Seymour Conway, of the British Army.
cartel as a model. he can be very justly told that the circumstances of the parties in the present war differ much from those of France and England at the time of that treaty, and that these are the only proper standards by which to regulate our agreements.
You will insist on your second proposition; informing the enemy that this mode is not with reference to their wishes; but to discourage the practice of breaking paroles, and establish distraction between the violators and scrupulous observers. That their interest can be no way affected by it and consequently can have no reasonable objection.
To the third answer, you will explicitly inform them that I have nothing to do with those persons not military prisoners who have broken their paroles, either to exchange or return them. That I do not consider them as proper subjects of military capture m the first instance nor hold myself bound to restore them to a state of captivity an which they were first placed contrary to the usages of nations.
Colonel Webbs exchange by composition we cannot claim as a matter of right; but I wish every method m our power to be taken to induce the enemy to consent to it. The pretext of not being willing to continue partial exchanges is forced, the
more as there are such recent instances in the cases of Edmonson and
Featherstone, and ridiculous; You must plead the constant practice heretofore;
the generous treatment shewn to the prisoners taken in the Eagle; the obligation
an point of honor and justice upon the enemy to return an equivalent; the
proposals they themselves made at different times for particular exchanges by
composition: You will observe to them that the Gentlemen taken in the Eagle are
not under a parole but absolutely released, and at liberty to act; That by an
authentic act of their consul at Corunna they have incurred a debt which they
cannot without a flagrant breach of faith refuse to pay. That the exchange so
far as it depends on us is already made and that they have no choice but to make
a return. You will demand an explanation of what they mean by “the former
principle”; whether it is that they are ready to return an equal number of equal
ranks, on the former principle of equality of rank or
whether they refuse to make a return for these unless the terms of their first
proposition are complied with.
After you have prepared your answer m the spirit of these instructions you will
let me have a view of it. I am, &c.
30. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
Dr. Sir: Major Fontaine
[MS. H. S.]
Dear Sir: I have both your favs. of the 23d. By a deserter this day from Verplanks point I have recd. pretty good information of the late movements upon that and Stoney point. He says they have sent down three Regiments and have upon that account contracted their Works.
33. Capt. Béchet Rochefontaine, of the Continental Engineers. He was made major by brevet and served to the close of the war.
34. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
I have nothing to do with the Regulations in the Commissanes department; the deputy attending your division must represent the particular situation of Colo. Armands Corps to His principal and take his order in the matter. I am, &c.
Be pleased to forward the inclosed to Colo. Moylan and Major Tallmadge.
My Dear Sir: I am very sorry that the painfulness of your leg prevented my having the pleasure of seeing you this morning; and I hope it will soon be so far abated as to put it in your power to favour me with the visit you intended.
I should not think myself justified m countermanding the trial of Major
McCormick, as in the execution of orders ever so proper, there could be no
necessity for violence to a child, and if it really happened, otherwise than by
pure accident, I am indispensibly bound to let justice take its course. A simple
narrative of facts will be the best criterion of his conduct, and a candid
rather than an ingenious defence will best answer his purpose if innocent. I am,
etc.
[H. S. P.]
32. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
35. In the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
Dear Sir: I am favd. with yours of the 22d. The Return of Cloathing necessary for your Regiment should be made, by you without delay, to the Board of War, who will give you information where or to whom you are to apply.
If any of your present Men, whose time of service will shortly expire, will reinlist for the War, they will be entitled to a Bounty of 200 dollars and ten dollars to the Officer reinlisting them. If you find any, in the above predicament, willing to reinlist, you can send over for a sum of Money for that purpose. Colo. Sheldon had liberty to endeavour to inlist as many new Recruits as would compleat his Regiment to the Establishment, provided they could be obtained upon the terms of serving with the Regt. as dismounted Dragoons, untill there should be a necessity or conveniency of mounting them. This to be clearly expressed m the inlistment, that the Men may have no pretext for complaint on being made to serve on foot. They were also to be inlisted for the War, and no temporary engagements entered into, on any accounted whatever.
The Bounty to new Recruits to be 200 dollars and 20 dollars to the recruiting Officer. These Men must be natives, of good Character and every way suitable for Dragoons. If you are of opinion that you can obtain Men upon the foregoing terms, you may draw Money and try the experiment.
The quantity of Cloathing issued in July, under the General order, was so very trifling, that it would not have extended to any thing like the supply of the Officers of the whole Army. They therefore who first applied were first served, by which means a vast number on the spot, were put m the same situation with the officers of your Regt. There is at this time a small dividend of Tea and pepper to be made, of which Genl. Howe has been advised, and of which the Officers under his command will I presume take the advantage.
Captn. Lewis
Be pleased to make my Compliments to Mrs. Moylan and inform her that Mrs.
Washington was well when I last heard from her. I am, etc.
36. Capt. George Lewis, of the Third Continental Dragoons.
37. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: I this morning received your letter of the 22d with its several inclosures.
It is not my opinion that Culper junr.
38. Samuel Culper, jr., the alms assumed by Robert Townsend, a New York merchant, who sent in his secret intelligence through Aaron Woodhull, whose alias was Samuel Culper, sr. Major Tallmadge, who was the channel of communication with Washington, acted under the alias of John Bolton.
blank leaves of a pamphlet; on the first second &c. pages of a common pocket book; on the blank leaves at such end of registers almanacks or any new publication or book of small value. He should be determined m the choice of these books principally by the goodness of the blank paper, as the ink is not easily legible, unless it is on paper of a good quality. Having settled a plan of this kind with his friend, he may forward them without risque of search or the scrutiny of the enemy as this is chiefly directed against paper made up in the form of letters.
I would add a further hint on this subject. Even letters may be made more subservient to this communication than has been yet practised. He may write a familiar letter, on domestic affairs, or on some little matters of business to his friend at Satuket or elsewhere, interlining with the stain, his secret intelligence or writing it on the opposite blank side of the letter. But that his friend may know how to distinguish these from letters addressed solely to himself, he may always leave such as contain secret information without date or place; (dating it with the stain) or fold them up in a particular manner, which may be concerted between the parties. This last ap
pears to be the best mark of the two, and may be the signal of their being
designed for me. The first mentioned mode, however, or that of the books,
appears to me the one least liable to detection. I am, etc.
My Lord: I was yesterday favd. with yours of the 23d. inclosing Major Lees and
Major Hays
Be pleased to send forward the inclosed to Colo. Washington
Dr. Sir: I wrote to you a few days since on the subject of a complaint against Col Grayton.
39. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
43. Maj. Samuel Hayes (Hay), of the New Jersey Militia.
44. Lieut. Col. William Augustine Washington, of the Third Continental Dragoons. He was wounded at Cowpens, S.C., in January, I781; presented with a silver medal by Congress on Mar. 9, 1781; wounded and taken prisoner at Eutaw Springs, S. C.; prisoner on parole to end of the war.
45. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
He has heard of the affair and applied for a court of inquiry. I have told him
that you will be directed to grant him one. You will therefore be pleased to
appoint a court, in your division composed of members suited to the delicacy and
interesting nature of the business. You will make the Cols. request the motive
of the inquiry and institute the articles to be examined into from the complaint
sent you in my former letter but without bringing the complainants into view as prosecutors , as I would carefully avoid an
appearance of gratifying them in an application the manner of which is so
exceptionable. They must merely be produced as witnesses. You will immediately
transmit the report. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: I inclose you a Commission for Lt. Colo. Huntington and the rest of
your Officers. They are the only sort circumstances will
admit of being sent at this time. You know the reasons, and they will answer all
the purposes of any other kind. The case of your Officers is far from being
peculiar, there are many Others without
42. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
Commissions. For a particular cause no Commission is made out for yourself; it will not operate any injury to You.
Mr. Beatty has received the General's instructions upon the subject of Mr.
Lorings Answer, in which your release is attended to and urged. I sincerely wish
it may be effected; but from the mulish obstinacy of the Enemy and the idea they
have or affect to hold, that we shall derive far more benefits from your
exchange than from that of any Other Officer, and that we don't mean to
prosecute the business of exchanges farther, I cannot say the prospect is so
flattering as to promise a certainty of success. They will be compelled,
however, at any rate to explain the meaning of their Answer on the subject of
the prisoners taken in the Eagle packet, and to say explicitly whether their
accounting for them is to be connected and involved with other exchanges or any
conditions. Nothing can be equal to their prevarication and disingenuity. I am,
etc.
Dear Sir: I was yesterday favd. with yours of the 21st. which came to me open under cover with other dis
46. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “Rob; H: Harrison.”
patches from Lord Stirling. I would wish you in future, to send your dispatches to me sealed, and communicate any thing, necessary for my Lord to know, to him separately.
When an enterprise of any kind is in agitation the fewer to whom it is intrusted the better, and as to the particular business, upon which you are sent, I would wish it to remain a secret. I would not have you infer from the foregoing, that I would not intrust my Lord with or take his advice upon any military subject; on the contrary, I have the greatest confidence in him; But secrecy 'till the moment of execution is the life of enterprise.
If, upon full enquiry and information, you find the attempt which you propose to
make with your dismounted troops, practicable, I have no objection. And should
the enemy take refuge in the strong hold you mention any means to dislodge them
will be justifiable. I am, etc.
Sir: I have fully considered the circumstances and facts as stated in the several papers which you have laid before me; and cannot but be of opinion that although
47. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
48. Of the Second Canadian Regiment. He had been wounded (lost an arm) and taken prisoner at Staten Island in August, I777; escaped in August, 1778; transferred to the Invalid Regiment in September, 1778; killed in October, 1779.
no express parole was given to or demanded by the enemy, yet the situation in which you were placed by them amounted to an implied parole. I acquit you however of having intentionally violated your honor by making your escape under the indulgence given you by the enemy, not only from the representation I have had of your character, but on the certificates presented me from officers who were your fellow prisoners at that time.
I am further induced from the peculiarity of your case, to consent to your
remaining with your friends on parole and shall instruct the Commissary of
prisoners to send in a British officer of your rank to the enemy. As you are on
parole you will refrain from all military duties 'till regularly exchanged. I
am, &c.
Sir: I have received your Letter of Yesterday. As it is very interesting that I should have the Abstract requested by my Letter of the 22d as soon as possible, I would not have you wait for the Muster Rolls of the Georgia, South Carolina or any of the North Carolina, or even Virginia
49. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Troops, except those with this Army, which possibly you might have thought it
necessary to obtain. The Abstract will contain the amount of the Artillery,
Cavalry, and Corps not attached to particular States, as well as the Batallions
exacted from them, and digested in the same manner, as in their case. And if
there are any Recruits for the War which have lately joined, their number and
the average time of Joining will be noted. As I have observed, it is very
interesting that I should have the Abstract as soon as possible, and therefore I
would not have you to delay it any time, for want of the return of One two or
three Corps, as their amount may be guessed at or possibly otherwise
ascertained. I want if practicable, early and regular requisitions; to have the
Recruiting and drafting business placed upon a more certain plan, so that the
Levies may join at a certain period and serve for a certain term, by which the
Continent may derive some benefit from their service. I am, etc.
Sir: I have just recd. the inclosed from
50. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
Colo. Hazen. I would recommend it to you to secure as much as possible of the
produce of the upper parts of Connecticut River. It will be in a very convenient
situation for any operation or for the use of the troops that will quarter this
Winter upon the East side of Hudsons River. As Colo. Hazens Regt. is ordered
away, your Magazines must be formed so low down the River that they will not be
in the least danger from the incursion of an Enemy. I am, &.
Dear Sir: Accounts, tho' not official, still continue to announce Count D'Estaings fleet being near this Coast. Should he arrive in this quarter; I would wish, if possible, to have every thing in readiness to cooperate with him. If the Boats directed to be got ready and brought down from Albany are not yet come, be pleased to have it immediately done, and give directions to have the public Boats in the sound collected at some convenient place or places (perhaps different places will be best for security and to prevent suspicion) and put into proper order for service. I think it will be well to have the flat
51. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Boats at Pluckemin overhaul'd and repaired if necessary. We may want them, should the situation of Matters upon Staten Island afford an opportunity of acting in that quarter.
Be pleased to let me know whether the affairs of your department will admit of
the whole Army's moving upon the shortest Notice, and whatever is wanting, I
shall be glad to have pre pared as far and as soon as circumstances will permit.
Our move, if we make one in consequence of the Counts arrival, will most
probably be downwards with the greatest part of the Army, and the distance of
course will not be very long. Should he incline to operate again to the
Eastward, the detachment will not be large and they must go very light. The move
of the whole Army therefore is what I would wish you to have in contemplation. I
am, &c. 54. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dr. Sir: General Knox and Genl. du Portail are to go down to night, or early
tomorrow to reconnoitre the enemy's post at Stoney point. I have directed them
to call upon you.
Sir: The probability of having occasion for a number of Boats, of a particular construction, induces me to request you immediately to raise the sides of as many River Scows as Maj. Genl. Greene Qr. Mr. G. shall direct. He will write you particularly on the subject. The Business requires the utmost dispatch, and is of so much pub
55. On this same day (September 26) Meade wrote to Gen. Henry Knox, by
Washing ton's order, asking him to accompany Du Portail. Meade's letter is
in the Washington Papers.
56. In the writing of James McHenry.
58. He was at Middletown, Conn.
lic importance that it authorizes me to give the order and will justify you in
quitting the Business in which you are at present engaged. I am, &c.
Sir: Although I have no official information of Count D'Estaing's leaving the West Indies or of his intentions to come to this Continent; Yet there are so many reports that the first has taken place that I think it is not to be doubted; and some circumstances attending the Reports seem to indicate that the Continent is his destination. If the Count should arrive the period when he will appear in all probability, is not far distant, and it will be with an intention to carry on with us a combined operation against the Enemy. And as it will be necessary for us in such case to make every practicable effort on our part, and we may have occasion to call in the aid of a considerable body of Militia, It is my wish that you immediately pursue every measure in your power for providing supplies and Stores of provision for such a contingency and at places from which it
59. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
can be with ease and convenience forwarded to the Army as it may be wanted. If
the Count is coming, I should suppose our Operations will be directed against
New York. I mention this circumstance that you may the better govern yourself
with respect to the places of deposit. The Quarter Master General will of
course, give you every assistance in the Article of transportation. I am,
etc.
Dr. Sir: You will be pleased to hasten the departure of the officer who was to
have gone to the Eastward by yesterdays instructions, with this alteration, that
he is to call on Governor Trumbull in the first instance, and if his information
should be satisfactory to return immediately to Head Quarters. If not he is to
proceed to Dartmouth and gain the proper information from the master of the
vessel out of which the Count is said to have taken Captn. Gardiner.
[MS.H.S.]
57. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
64. See Washington's letter to Maj. Gen. William Heath, Sept. 26, 1779, where the name is given as Johnson.
65. In the writing of James McHenry.
Sir: I have received Your Letter of the 5th. Instant. I am sorry for your
situation, as you represent it; but it is not in my power to give you any
relief. When you expressed a desire in the Spring to return to Europe, Congress
granted you an advance of a Twelve months pay, as Major, to defray your expences
and on the express condition of your being no longer considered as an officer in
their service. After this indulgence and instance of liberality I cannot think
that you can reasonably expect, either a farther advance of money, or to receive
a new Commission in the Army. I am, etc.
My Lord: I have your favr. of the 27th. Supposing the Continental Cloathing delivered to the Virginia line last Fall to be of equal quality with that delivered to the other part of the Army, they ought now to be in better condition
66. Debois was brevetted a major by Congress in October, 1776. He resigned in April, 1779. The draft was addressed to him as at “Mr. Ozley's Water Street between Walnut and Chestnut Streets Philadelphia.”
67. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
than any other troops, as they had [at the sametime contrary to my judgment and express desire] a very considerable quantity of state Cloathing in addition to the Continental [which I was sure coming altogether would be misapplied and avail them little].
I have directed Mr. Wilkinson the new Cloathier General who is gone to the Eastward to send immediately forward all the woolen Cloathing of every kind. The moment it arrives it shall be delivered to those most in want. I hope we shall have a sufficiency of Body Cloathing, but in Blankets [and Hats], notwithstanding my repeated remonstrances, I fear we shall fall short. I do not know what stock of shoes are on hand, but I imagine not great. I will write to the Cloathier and know, and will order a due proportion to your division. I hope the new arrangement of the Cloathing department will put it upon a better footing than it has heretofore been. It has occasioned more trouble to me, and has given more disgust to the Officers than any one thing besides in the service.
Upon the representation of the Commy. General a few weeks ago upon his apprehensions of a scarcity of Flour, I wrote to all the States which furnish that Article, I have answers from the Governors all promising to exert themselves, and I hope
we shall soon feel the good effects of it. I am, &c.
[N.Y.H.S.]
My Dear Sir: I received your letter of the 8th. of July with that pleasure which
we always experience in hearg. from those for whom we have a real esteem. The
details you give me of your attack upon Stono ferry, are obliging and
satisfactiory; and “though all was not done which you wished” I have no doubt
that the attempt had a good effect and at least, accelerated the retreat of the
enemy. It did no discredit to our arms even by their
accounts.
I am chagrined at the delays which the intended succours from Virginia have met
with, the more, as by my last accounts, they continued; I hope however they may
still arrive in time to be useful, and that you may not be disappointed in your
other expectations. Notwithstanding the embarrassed situation of the enemy I am
far from being satisfied they will not make another and more vigorous effort to
the Southward this campaign. They have very powerful motives to it. The full possession of Georgia and the acquisition of South
Carolina would
71. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
be a good counterpoise to their losses in the Islands: It would give credit to their cause in Europe, favour negotiations in the winter or help to gain friends for a further prosecution of the war: It would also open new sources of supplies, of which they now stand in need both on the Continent and in the West Indies, from the superiority in the English channel, which the junction of Spain must have produced and the restraint it will impose upon the exportations from England and Ireland.
I see no better purpose to which they can apply their army in America. Inferior in naval force in the Islands, they cannot think of recovering those they have lost, or acquiring others; to garrison and preserve the remainder seems to be all they can reasonably have in view: If they make a detachment of four or five thousand men in addition to the troops already there it will in my opinion be sufficient for this purpose. Then by evacuating Rhode Island they may spare three or four thousand more for operations in your quarter, and keep a garrison of nine or ten thousand men for the defence of New York and its dependencies, which from particular shape and insular situation and the works they have raised and are raising, would be pretty well out of the reach of any enterprise on our part without the co-operation of a fleet.
The possibility of an aid of this kind will
indeed be an objection to the measure I am supposing, and the ideas of the enemy
under their present discouragements may perhaps more naturally embrace plans of
more security than conquest. But upon the whole the probability of the latter is
sufficiently great to require every precaution on our side. Southern operations
appear to have been for some-time past a favourite object in the British
cabinet. The weakness of the Southern states affords a strong temptation; the
advantages are important and inviting, and even the desperate aspect of their
affairs itself may inspire a spirit of enterprise and teach the necessity of
some bold stroke to counterbalance their misfortunes and disgraces and to
restore their reputation and influence.
The inclosed extracts contain substantially the most authentic intelligence I
have received of the enemy's motions and designs. You will perceive they are
making large detachments and that the Southern states are spoken of as a
principal object. The particular corps too which are mentioned point that way:
They would not separate their grenadiers and light infantry but for some
important coup de main ; and this I imagine is the
manner in which they would proceed against Charlestown: Nor do I see where
except with you they can intend to employ their cavalry. But there may be a
mistake in this part of the intelligence, from the difficulty of ascertaining
corps with pre
72. Washington was right as to the southern intentions of the British. He did not know, however, of the enemy's fears for the security of Jamaica, nor that the expedition sailing from New York was for the protection of that island from an expected French or Spanish attack. This expedition rendered it impracticable for the British to send troops to South Carolina. (See Clinton's letter to Lord George Germain, Sept. 26, 1779 (L. C. Trans., C. O. 5, 98, 537).)
cision, and some movements among those which are specified may have occasioned a
deception.
I have no doubt that you will make every exertion in your power to be prepared for the worst; and I hope you will be effectually seconded by the states immediately interested, and who alone are near enough to give you the necessary succour. It is to be lament
73. The Jamaica expedition was to operate, also, according to contingencies, against New Orleans; to protect Pensacola; and finally, to join the British force at Savannah.
ed that the distance and other circumstances are insurmountable barriers to the
support of any part of the troops here. With the truest esteem, etc.
Dear Sir: I do not at present see any objection to your taking the position you mention in yours of this morning, but I cannot undertake to determine fully, untill I have received a Report from Generals Knox and Du portail of their reconnoitering yesterday.
If you are not engaged tomorrow I shall expect the pleasure of your Company at
dinner when we will settle the above. I am, &c.
[H.S.P.]
Gentlemen: I request that you will inform me by the first opportunity, upon what terms the Officers went, who
74. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
75. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
took charge of the Reinlisted Men to Virginia in the Winter. There have been
several Accounts presented in consequence, for three Dollars a day for the whole
time the Officers were absent. My idea was that only such Officers as were
desirous of going to see their Friends, were appointed; that the measure was
rather considered in the light of an indulgence, than a command, and that the
public at any rate would not pay for any more than the days they were going and
returning. Lts. Crittenden
P.S. I have just received the Arrangement of the Virginia line on the 23d.
Instant, which I shall transmit to the Board of War, and request Commissions
where they are wanted. From the Representation of the Board, it was only an act
of justice to derange Captn. Israel
76. Lieut. John Crittenden, of the Fifth Virginia Regiment. He was appointed captain-lieutenant in 1780, and retired in February, 1781.
77. Lieut. Thomas Fox, of The Sixth Virginia Regiment. He was taken prisoner at Charleston, S.C., in May, 1780; wounded at Quinby's Bridge, S.C., in July, 1781; served to the close of the war.
78. Capt. Isaac Israel, of the Fourth Virginia Regiment. He was taken prisoner at Brandywine in September, 1777. Against his name on the rolls are the words, “never joined.”
79. Capt. James Curry, of the Fourth Virginia Regiment. He was taken prisoner at Charleston, S.C., in May, 1780; prisoner on parole to the end of the war.
80. Capt.-Lieut. William Lewis Lovely (Loveley), of the Fourth Virginia Regiment. He was appointed captain in February, 1781, and served to the close of the war.
Scott, in the most pointed and peremptory terms to rejoin their Corps
immediately, their conduct is insufferable.
Sir: I have been favd. with yours of the 9th. and 17th. instants. The former,
enclosing Copy of a letter from Lt. Edwards
Mr. Beatty, Commy. General of prisoners, goes in a few days to the Eastward, when
he tells me he will thoroughly inspect and rectify any irregularities in his
department in that quarter. I have sent Colo. Webb, who is at present at
Weathersfield, the Commissions for his Regiment.
81. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
85. Lieut. Thomas Edwards, of Jackson's Additional Continental regiment. He was made Deputy Judge Advocate General in April, 1780; Judge Advocate General of the Continental Army in October, 1782; served to November, 1783.
86. Col. Thomas Chase, deputy quartermaster general, Eastern Department.
87. The draft, at this point, reads: “which he will forward.”
ficulty of compleating the arrangements, have been the whole time of their service without Commissions. It is impossible for me to give any opinion upon the propriety of apprehending Myers. He must stand or fall upon the general tenor of his conduct, since his residence in Boston, which, you say, appears, by a representation of many respectable people, in a favorable light.
I see no objection to granting the general request of the Officers captured in
the packet, to remain at Cambridge till exchanged; if there is, in your opinion,
no impropriety in it. But so much reluctance hath lately been shewn, by Sir
Henry Clinton, to make either partial parole, or final Exchanges, and so many
embarrassments thrown in the way of all our late endeavours to establish a
Cartel upon liberal principles, that I cannot consent to Major Gardener'sparole , if he cannot effect a final Exchange , as we shall call for. I am,
&c.
[N.Y.H.S.]
88. Maj. Valentine Gardiner, of the Sixteenth Foot, British Army.
89. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: I have been favd. with yours of this date inclosing a representation of the Subs. of the 3d. Connecticut Regt. against Mr. Pomeroys holding his Commission subsequent to his appointment of Auditor for settling the deficiencies of Cloathing for 1777. General Parsons represented the same matter to me the 1st. Augt. last to which I gave the following answer “If Mr. Pomeroy has accepted the appointment you mention he cannot hold
his Rank in the Line, but must be considered as discharged from the service. He
ought first however to produce the proper Certificates of his having settled his
accounts in the Regt.” My sentiments are still the same and I think his
successor ought immediately to apply to the State for promotion in the manner
lately pointed out in General Orders. I am, &c.
My Lord: General Wayne the better to cover the country in the vicinity of Stoney point and to confine the enemy within their works, has my permission to take a post in that vicinity. Haverstraw Forge has been more particularly mentioned. As I think this position is not intirely without danger, I wish your Lordship to advance a corps of troops to some intermediate point between Suffrans and the forge which shall be judged best calculated to cover the right of the infantry and support it in case of necessity. The cavalry under Colonel Washington may be usefully employed in whole or in part for your mutual security and you will
90. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
be pleased to make a disposition of it accordingly, as the state of forage may
permit. I have directed General Wayne to see your lordship and concert a plan
for mutual support. I am, etc.
Dr. Sir: It is agreeable to me that you should move with the light corps to the vicinity of Stoney-point on the principles proposed in your letter of yesterday. But as I should not be entirely without apprehensions for your security, the enemy having it in their power secretly to reinforce their garrison, and make an attempt upon you, I shall write to Lord Stirling, directing him in some measure to co-operate with you, by advancing some troops towards your right flank; and as there is a regiment of cavalry about Paramus, it may be employed wholly, or in part, with you (if forage can be procured) as may be agreed between his Lordship and yourself.
You will apply to the quarter master General to furnish you with the number of waggons you
92. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
stand in need of.
In your new situation you cannot possibly be too vigilant, as you will be somewhat exposed, and the enemy will no doubt have every disposition to retaliate the affront you gave them at Stoney-point.
You will always be ready to move at the shortest notice, whatever way the exigency of the service may require.
You will see Lord Stirling and concert with him a plan for mutual support. I am,
etc.
[H.S.P.]
Sir: Congress have directed that the two Carolina regiments should march to the Southward. You will therefore immediately put yourself in readiness to move. The Qt. Master will have directions to supply you with waggons and The Commissary to make arrangement of provisions on the route. When you are ready,
93. In the writing of James McHenry.
you will receive further directions for your march. The sooner this is the case the better and you will give notice at Head Qrs. I am, etc.
You will be pleased to conceal the object of your destination.
Sir: I inclose you the account of your expenses in apprehending four deserters
left with me the other day, and am sorry to inform you that you can only receive
the allowance of Congress, vizt. 8 Dollars for each man apprehended, and one
shilling pr. mile to the place where they are delivered. There have been of late
from the depreciation of our money, instances of officers on command receiving
the full amount of their expenses; but this has only been done where a special
promise of the kind was made. By drawing your account as above, and producing
the receipts to the Auditors they will settle with you without further trouble.
I am, &c.
94. he draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
95. Of the Seventh Connecticut Regiment. He was transferred to the Second Connecticut Regiment in January, 1781; brigade inspector in July, 1781; retired in January, 1783.
96. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “R. K. Meade, A. D. C.”
Sir: From the particular circumstances of Capn. Campbell's case I have been induced to permit his remaining on parole with his friends. You will therefore, in your first intercourse with the British Commissary of prisoners, send in an officer of theirs of the same rank which Mr. Campbell held when taken by them, adjusting the transaction in the usual manner.
Mr. Hogland
97. Capt. Jeronimus Hoogland, of the Second Continental Dragoons.
98. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
On September 29 Washington wrote briefly to the President of Congress,
forwarding a letter from Baron Charles de Frey, of Pulaski's legion, asking
for leave to go to France, which Congress granted. This letter is in the Papers of the Continental Congress.
My Lord: I have received your lordships favour of the 28th. with the enclosed letter from Governor Livingston on the subject Lady Mary's visit to her friends. The reference of this letter to me, I can consider in no other light than a renewal of the first application; and I beg leave to assure your lordship that the necessity in which I feel myself of not complying with your wishes, is to me as painful as a disappointment in an affair of such interesting delicacy can be to you.
But a part of the motives which influences the Governors denial imposes a similar restraint upon me. I have uniformly declined giving permissions of the kind for three reasons: the difficulty of discriminating the cases which will justify them from those which will not and of course the danger of giving disgust where I should not wish to do it and incurring a charge of partiality; the popular clamour and jealousy, which attend all intercourse of this kind, even on the most innocent and unexceptionable principles; and lastly an opinion that such permissions from me, would be inconsistent with the spirit, though not the letter of the resolutions of Congress. The reservation of authority, to me, in those cases was necessary for mili
tary purposes and no doubt meant to be confined to them. When the motives for the intercourse are purely private or domestic, it appears to me to have been evidently the intention of Congress, to refer the determination to the civil authority.
These considerations have all along governed my conduct, and among other
[numerous] instances induced me to deny a request from Miss Livingston last
fall, for Miss Brown and some other ladies in New York to be permitted to make a
visit to their relations in Jersey. I need not urge to your Lordship the
obligations to consistency nor express how distressing to my feelings it is to
make them bend to the rigid policy which the temper of the times exacts. To
press the apology further would imply a distrust of your lordship's confidence
in my friendship, which I am persuaded would be doing you an injustice. I am,
etc.
Dr. Sir: I have just received your letter reques
8. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton. The word in brackets was inserted by Washington.
ting the addition of two more light field pieces. I have not the least objection to it, and will give Genl. Knox directions to have them sent to you.
The guard boats that are under your direction you will be pleased to mention to
Genl. Putnam, who will keep them employed in the same service.
[H.S.P.]
Dr: Sir: I herewith inclose you an extract of my latest intelligence from New-York so far as it respects the particular business on which you are engaged. I am of opinion that the numbers are overrated. But the Count D'Estaing, should he come this way will determine for himself.
We have advice, by a private letter from Philadelphia that on the 9 Inst. the Count was to have attacked the british force in Savanna (Georgia). One of his officers had arrived at Charlestown with the intelligence of his approach.
The commanding officer at Elizabeth Town, has orders to communicate such information of the ene
9. On this same day (September 30) Washington wrote briefly to General
Putnam: “As Gent. Wayne is about to move his Camp, I have desired him to
mention to you the affair of the guard Boats. You will be pleased to take
the direction of them and employ them in the same service, as they have been
heretofore.” This letter is in the Washington
Papers.
10. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
my's embarkations as may have taken place since the inclosed which was dated the 27th. Inst. I am, etc.
P.S. The 33. 63. 64 Regiments have been withdrawn from Stoney and Verplanks
points. They have not been replaced.
Sir: I have been duly handed your favor of the 27th. with the intelligence which it covered.
Major Lee of the Light dragoons is placed at English Town in Monmouth County to answer a particular purpose which I have in view at present. It is necessary that he should, till my further orders be furnished as soon as possible with a copy of the information as you may obtain of the enemy's embarkations or movements. You will therefore at the same time you make a communication of such matters to me, dispatch a messenger to Major Lee with a duplicate. I am, etc.
11. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
14. The indorsement of the draft states: “or officer commanding at Elizabeth Town.”
P.S. Please to forward the enclosed letter to Major Lee.
Dear Sir: I was last evening favoured with yours of the 26th.
Dear Sir: You wrote to me a few days ago respecting a small guard that is kept at Litchfield upon the military Stores there. I could not give you an answer then, as I had not seen Genl. Knox. He now tells me, that there is a necessity for their remaining, more especially as he is obliged to withdraw a small detach
15. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
12. Mitchell's letter of September 26 is not now found in the Washington Papers.
13. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
ment of Artillery who are there. Be pleased to direct the non Commissioned
Officer who commands the Guard to take his orders from Mr. Richards
P. S. Will it not be better to relieve the non Commd. Officer and send an Ensign
with a small subalterns Command. A non Commd. Officer is scarcely competent to
the task.
[MS. H. S.]
The Honble. the Congress having, by a Resolve of the 23d. Septemr. directed the two Regiments of North Carolina at present under the command of Colo. Clarke to proceed to South Carolina; I have put them under march, and have ordered Colo. Clarke, upon his arrival in Philada. to put himself under your command and deliver to you the Route which has been given to him by the Quarter Master General.
You are to proceed as soon as possible with the troops from Philada. by the above mentioned Route, to Charles town South Carolina, and upon your arrival there put yourself under the com
30. William Richards.
31. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
mand of Major Genl. Lincoln or commanding Officer in the southern Department.
You are to apply to the Board of War in Philada. for the quantity of shoes necessary upon the march and for the Continental Bounty Cloathing for the two Regiments for the ensuing Year; the different extra Species of small Cloathing will I imagine be supplied to the southward.
I particularly recommend to you to endeavour to prevent desertion in your passage
through the State of North Carolina, and have not the least doubt but you will
make as much expedition as shall be consistent with the Health of your
troops.
Dear Sir: I have given Mr. Bennet
32. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
33. Patrick Bennett. He was quartermaster of the Fourth Continental Dragoons.
rections given in mine of the 24th. Septr. I am, &c.
In consequence of a Resolve of Congress of the 23rd. Septemr. directing the two
Regiments of North Carolina at present under your command to proceed to South
Carolina, you are to march immediately by the route which shall be pointed out
to you by the Quarter Master General, and upon your arrival at Philadelphia, put
yourself under the command of Brigadier General Hogan, to whom you will deliver
the inclosed directions for his conduct and the route which shall have been
given to you by the Quarter Master General.
It is possible that the Honble. the Congress may, should they receive advice of a change of circumstances to the southward in consequence of the operations of His Excellency the Count D'Estaing, think proper to countermand the march of these Troops. Should you therefore receive such countermanding orders, between this post and Philadelphia from His Excellency the President of Congress or the Board of War, you are immediately to march back and join the main Army.
34. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
36. On October 3 Washington wrote to Clark: “I have received intelligence
which makes it unnecessary for you to proceed further on your route to
Carolina; you will therefore on receipt of this letter, rejoin the main army
by easy marches.” This letter is in the Washington
Papers.
You will I am persuaded upon your march, preserve the strictest discipline;
endeavour by all means to prevent desertion; and make as much expedition as may
be consistent with the health and welfare of your troops.
I certify that Major Noirmont De la Neuville has served with distinction in the
army of The United States, since the begining of 1778 to the present time in
different stations. That in each of these he has given satisfaction and merited
the esteem and commendations of the officers with whom he served, as the
honourable certificates in his possession will testify. That he has upon all
occasions, manifested his zeal activity bravery and good conduct, and
particularly signalized himself in the assault of Stoney point. I therefore
recommend him as an officer of real merit and one who deserves the encouragement
of his country.
37. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
35. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
Sir: I have duly received your two favors of the 24th and 25th Ultimo.
The proceedings of the Court Martial on Milligan are herewith returned. I do not conceive it necessary for me to take any order in a case which you are fully authorized to determine; and to which, from your situation and knowledge of circumstances you must be more competent.
In my letter of the 29th., you will find an answer to what relates to the request of the officers taken in the Sandwich packet; I do not think it would be proper to make any alteration on this head at present.
You will judge how far the complaint of the Canadian Soldiers in Livingstons Regiment, is founded in Justice, by a particular inquiry into their original inlistments; and should it appear that their engagements were only for three years, they must be discharged when this period of service is completed; provided they cannot be re-inlisted for the war, by the means that congress have put in
to our power for this purpose.
With regard to the resolve of Congress on which you desire my opinion, I have no
doubt but the allowance to the officers who are particularly specified, but to no others , was designed to operate from the date
of the resolution. I have requested the sense of Congress on that part of your
question which respects the militia, and when their answer is received, it shall
be immediately forwarded you.
I have understood that Congress have other measures before them, to do equal justice to all parts of the army.
I am much obliged to your attention for the stationary ware. It is not yet come
to hand, but I make no doubt, it will prove very acceptable. I am,
&c.
[N. Y. H. S.]
Sir: I have received your favour of the 29th. of Sepr. containing a plan for
recruiting the army for the next campaign,
47. In the writing of James McHenry.
48. Not now found in the Washington Papers.
ideas and with the proposals I have made and am making to Congress. Such parts
of it as are new and appear to me calculated to promote the service shall be
added. I have the honour, etc.
Dear Sir: There is one observation which I must make to you that I omitted in my last; it is, that the position of your corps and the disposition of your guards and patroles ought as much as possible to have reference to the security of the camp: otherwise we shall be oblig'd greatly to multiply our guards below and diminish the number of men for carrying on the works proportionably; an inconvenience I am particularly anxious to avoid. In the choice therefore of your positions, you will not extend too far to the right, that you may with the more facility dispose the guards on your left, so as to give a good degree of cover to this post. To this I must beg your parti
49. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
cular attention. I am, etc.
[H.S.P.]
Dear Sir: I have recd. yours of the 30th. Sept. by Mr. Helmerharsen
I am anxious to hear what effect the Count D'Estaings arrival to the southward
will have upon the politics of New York, be pleased therefore to forward
C—letters or any other intelligence the momt. you obtain them. I am, etc.
50. In the writing of George Augustine Washington, then serving at Headquarters. He was officially detailed to the Guard in April, 1780; rejoined the Second Virginia Regiment at the end of that month; aide to Lafayette in the Yorktown campaign; served to close of the war.
51. Henry Frederick Helmerharsen. Also spelled Helmerchausen.
52. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. From a photostat of the original kindly furnished by D. W. Richards, of New York City.
Sir: I have this minute received a Letter from the Board of War,
55. This letter from the Board of War was dated Sept. 28, 1779. It is not now
found in the Washington Papers.
56. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
Sir: I am under the necessity of informing you, that there is not, at this time, a single pair of Shoes in the hands of the deputy Cloathier at Camp, and that a considerable part of the Army is returned unfit for duty for want of them. I must therefore call upon you in the most pressing manner, to forward, immediately to Newburg, every pair that you have in your possession, and beg that you will send to all those with whom you have made Contracts, desiring them to furnish you immediately with what are ready, and requesting them to compleat their several agreements as expeditiously as possible. Let what you collect, be sent constantly forward though the quantities be ever so small, that we may endeavour to get the whole Army shod. Be pleased to let me know by Return of the Express what I may expect from you at this time, and what are your prospects between this and the setting in of Winter.
Should the most favourable opportunity occur, we should lose the service of a
number of Men barely for the want of Shoes. I am, etc.
57. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. The same letter was sent to Moses Hatfield and John Mehelm. The text is from the original in the Connecticut State Library.
Sir: I transmit you by Express, an Extract of a Letter of the 26th. Ulto. which I
have just received from His Excellency, the president of Congress,
I have no other information with respect to Count D'Estaing's intentions to operate in these States, than what is contained in those Inclosures, and of consequence, I do not know what his plans are. However, as I observed in my Letter of the 14th. of September, we ought to be prepared in the best manner in our power, to co-operate with him, in case the Enemy in this Quarter are his Object. If they are, and which Congress by the tenor of their Act and Letter seem to think will be the case, we may reasonably suppose, that he will arrive in a few days. These considerations induce me to repeat my request, that you
58. See Journals of the Continental Congress, Sept.
26, 1779.
59. The President's letter of this date is not now found in the Washington Papers and was not recorded in the
President's “Letter Book,” Papers of the Continental
Congress.
will hold yourself and all the Continental Troops under your command in the most perfect readiness, to join this Army on the shortest notice; and that you will concert measures for their proceeding, either by Land or Water as events may warrant. I lodged several days ago, in consequence of the first Reports of the Count's leaving the Islands, dispatches for him on the Coast of Monmouth, with my ideas of the plan of co-operation to be pursued. A part of it is, if consistent with his own sentiments and security, for him to detach some Ships of War on his earliest arrival round Long Island into the Sound; to cut off the communication between New York and Rhode Island and to prevent the Enemy from retreating to, or receiving succour from Long Island. In case of this event, the Troops with you might proceed I should suppose up the Sound, under the convoy of some of the French Ships of War, with great security, and debark, even as high up, if circumstances will admit, which must govern, as Morrissania; and therefore it is, that I mention their proceeding either by Land or Water and that preparations should be accordingly made.
I have only mentioned the Continental troops in my request; but it will be very desirable, if you can prevail on the State of Rhode Island to spare those belonging to them, as our success in case Count D'Estaing arrives, in whatever we attempt, will depend on our having a respectable force. The State I should
hope, will have nothing to fear from their absence, from the force on Rhode Island, as the French Ships of War, which I expect will be sent into the Sound, and the Enemy's fears and situation will most probably and indeed certainly in my opinion, prevent them from attempting any operations on the Continent. However to obviate any difficulties on this head, you might call in as many Militia on Continental account, if it should be required by the State, as would replace the State Troops, in addition to which the State might order in a farther number if they should think it necessary. Our operations in case of the Count's arrival, will be very important and interesting, and I am entirely persuaded the State will give their most chearful concurrence and aid in any and in every measure that can contribute to promote the general good.
What I have said above points only to operations against New York; but perhaps it may be practicable, while matters are preparing for this, to reduce Rhode-Island. I would therefore wish you to inform me, what is the amount of the Enemy's force there from your best inquiries: of the extent, nature and strength of their works; the number of their Ships of War and Armed Vessels, and how many Men would be necessary to be employed in conjunction with a fleet upon the occa
sion; and the time it would probably take to complete the reduction of the Enemy. These are very important points, and with respect to which your Answer cannot be too exact and precise; and I will add from the circumstances of the season, it cannot be to speedily given. Your experience and judgment will not permit me to suggest to you the necessity of secrecy as to our views and plans of operation, as their success will much depend upon it.
In order to facilitate our communications of intelligence, I have requested the Quarter Master General to establish Expresses on the Route to providence; as every moment in case any thing is undertaken, either against New York or Rhode Island, will be precious and should be improved to the greatest possible advantage. I am, etc.
P.S. The Copy of the Act of Congress and the Transcript from their Letter, which I have inclosed, are principally intended for your private satisfaction and information; and I think no more should be said about them, than you find really necessary.
If Colo. Jackson has not rejoined you with his Regiment, you will direct him to
do it with all expedition. The Route the Quarter Master General has established
for the Expresses, is thro Lebanon and Hartford.
60. In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
Dr. Sir: From an account I have just received I hope this will meet you on your route from Tioga. It is intended to quicken your march, that you may with all possible dispatch form a junction with this army. You will feel the importance of this when I tell you that it is probable we shall shortly have a cooperation with his Excellency Count D'Estaing, which from the enemy's numbers in New York will absolutely, require all the force we have to give it success. The Count arrived about the 2d. of September on the coast of Georgia and by the advices just received from Congress after effecting the reduction of the enemys force there we may expect him in this quarter. The honor and interest of these states will exact from us in this case, every exertion within the compass of our abilities to render the assistance of this fleet decisive; that a period may be put to the hostilities of the enemy in these states. When an object of this magnitude is in prospect, I am confident your activity will effect every thing that is practicable and that I shall have the pleasure of seeing you in as little time as circumstances will by any means admit. The troops I dare say will
be much fatigued and in want of many necessaries but these ought not to be impediments to their alacrity, at a moment so critical and so infinitely interesting. On their arrival with the army they may depend on every attention to their wants which their services merit and our resources will permit. I have directed the Quarter Master and Commissary to make the proper arrangements on the route to facilitate your march.
I repeat it, my Dr. Sir, the occasion may be the most important that America has seen during this war; and I entreat that your exertions to join us on which much depends may be proportionable. I am, etc.
If a Garrison should be essential at Wyoming, you may leave one or two of the
small broken corps; but come with all the force you can.
Dear Sir: General Du Portail proposes to morrow to reconnoitre a second time the post of Stony point and
61. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
to ascertain the distances from the Enemys works to the places proper for
establishing batteries. He will arrive there precisely by eleven oClock. You
will therefore please to have a reconnoitring party consisting of a Regiment
ready at the second place to which you went the other day,
not the high hill on which you first took your stand . This is the spot
General Du Portail points out; and he will be on the place punctually at the
time appointed. The Officer commanding the party will take his orders from him;
You will also send an escort to meet him at the house where you stopped the last
time to take refreshment on your return to Camp, as he might otherwise mistake
his route. I am, etc.
P.S. Two companies of light infantry from Glovers Brigade are ordered to join you
to replace those of the Carolina troops. You will send a proper person here to
conduct them to you. I am to request you will take pains to ascertain whether
the enemy have bomb proofs in Stony point, what number, extent and thickness.
This is an essential point to know towards any opperations against that
post.
[H.S.P.]
62. In the writing of George Augustine Washington.
Sir: I have to request that you will immediately upon the Receipt hereof march as
expeditiously as possible with your Regiment, by the way of Litchfield, and join
the division under the command of Major General Howe. He is at present at
Bedford and will be found there or in that neighbourhood. You had better send an
officer forward when you come near that place, who may inquire and inform you
with certainty, where the division lies. I am, etc.
63. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
On October 3 Washington sent the above letter to Nehemiah Hubbard, deputy
quartermaster general at Hartford, Conn., as Hazen was supposed to be at or
near Hartford. “You will be pleased to forward this to him wherever he may
be. As it is of consequence I am to request that you will lose no time in
giving it a conveyance to Colo. Hazen.” This letter is in the Washington Papers.
My Lord: By advices which I have just received from Congress, I have no doubt of the French fleet (under Count D'Estaing) coming this way, and that it will appear in these Seas immediately. The prospect of preventing the retreat of the garrisons at Stony, and Verplanks point (so far as it is to be effected by a Land operation) again revives upon probable ground, and I am to request, that your Lordship will concert with General Wayne the proper means; having regard to a relative position to this Post; and the certainty of forming a junction with the Troops at it, in case the enemy (contrary to expectation) should move in force from below. With great regard etc.
PS. Your Lordship will readily see the propriety of keeping this design as much as possible from public view.
[N.Y.H.S.]
Dear Sir: I have received such advices from Congress respecting the French fleet
under the command of Count D'Estaing, that I have not a doubt of his coming to
this part of the Coast for the purposes of co-operation, nor of his being upon
it immediately. I therefore request you to resume your position on Croton, near
pines bridge to effect, if possible, the end mentioned in my letter of the 13th.
Ulto. I am, etc.
Sir: By advices I have received, it is highly probable His Excellency Count D'Estaing will very speedily appear on this coast to cooperate with us; it will be of great importance that he should be met with intelligence of the enemy's situation, and
76. On October 4 Washington also wrote to Gen. William Heath: “You will
please to read, Seal, and forward the inclosed immediately to General Howe.”
This letter is in the Washington Papers.
with good pilots to conduct him into the harbour. For this purpose I am to request you will without loss of time take effectual measures to engage at least half a dozen fast sailing boats, to be kept constantly out from the Jersey shore, to endeavour if possible to fall in with the Count. I am preparing dispatches to be sent by them, which shall be forwarded to you the moment they are finished and I hope by the time you receive them the vessels will be ready. You will see the vast importance of dispatch and will take your measures accordingly. If the Count comes at all, he may be hourly expected and a very few days can at any rate elapse before he will appear. I am, etc.
The Commanders of these boats ought to be men on whose fidelity we can absolutely
rely, as the miscarriage of the dispatches would be a very serious
misfortune.
Dear Sir: The 3d. Instt. I wrote to you, and for fear of accidents inclose a copy of the letter as your forming
77. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
a junction with this Army as speedily as possible may be of the utmost
importance.
I have not received a line from you since the 30th. Augt. which I can no otherwise acct. for than by a miscarriage of letters. I am altogether unacquainted with your movements since the battle at Newtown and have only common report for your having advanced to Conosadaga, and returning to Teoga.
The French fleet have not yet appeared upon this coast but I expect every moment to hear of it off Sandy hook. I am, etc.
81. Washington wrote also this same day (October 5) to General Greene: “That the junction of General Sullivans troops with this army may be completed as soon as possible, I have to request that you will take every measure in your line and without losing time, to facilitate this purpose.”
Also he wrote to Commissary General Wadsworth that Sullivan was on his march
to join the main army and “I am to request that you will take all proper
measures for the sustenance of his troops during their march” These letters
are in the Washington Papers.
Dear Sir: I wrote to you yesterday requesting you to prepare a certain number of Boats, upon the Coast of Jersey, to be ready to carry off dispatches for His Excellency Count D'Estaing. From some later advices I find that my letters will reach him sooner by another Channel. You will therefore; be pleased to countermand any orders that may have been given respecting the Boats. I have directed as many Hook pilots as can be collected to rendezvous at Trenton, and upon their arrival report themselves to you. You will be pleased to have them accommodated and held ready to repair to whatever quarter they may be ordered. I am, etc.
P. S. As the pilots are sent in to you be pleased to send them immediately
forward to the Marine Committee in Philada. with a line certifying them being
proper Men.
82. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: I request that you will use every practicable exertion to have All the Coats, Waistcoats, Breeches, Blankets, Woollen Overalls, Shirts, Shoes, Stockings, Hats, Caps, Watchcoats and Woollen Mitts, belonging to the Continent, brought on to Newburg without a moment's delay. The exigency of our Affairs demands it. I am, etc.
P.S. You may leave Cloathing at the Eastward for about Twelve Hundred Troops at
Rhode Island.
Sir: There is a probability that some pilots
83. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
84. A pilot, of Quaker Hill, Dutchess County, New York.
On October 7 Washington wrote to the Marine Committee of Congress,
introducing Captain Hunt: “He is intimately acquainted with the passage of
Hell Gate, and I flatter myself may be of essential service to the Count.”
This letter is in the Washington Papers.
well acquainted with the entrance into New York Harbour and the two Rivers North
and East,
Sir: An event may very soon take place which will render your services of the greatest importance to the public. I shall therefore be glad to see you without delay at Head Quarters, when I will explain to you in what manner your services will be necessary. You will come prepared for a journey of some length. Your expenses shall be borne and your trouble amply rewarded; of this I shall myself take care. All possible dispatch ought to
85. In the Washington Papers, at the end of the year
1780, is a series of questions in the writing of Tench Tilghman, proposed to
Mr. Hunt and his answers thereto, respecting the depth of the water and the
navigation of Hell Gate; suitable places, east of Hell Gate, for
communicating with Long Island, together with information about pilots and
distances.
86. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
87. A pilot, of Fishkill, N. Y.
be made and the greatest secrecy observed. I am, etc.
88. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton. The same letter was sent to the following pilots: James Hallet and Martin Johnson, of Stamford, Conn., and Abraham Martlings, of Peekskill, N. Y.
Dear Sir: I recd. yours of yesterday last Evening. It was intirely owing to the idleness of the Express that the letter informing you of the intended reconnoitering party did not reach you in time. I send you by the Dragoon the Theodolite taken at Stoney point. There is no Chain belonging to it. You must supply that deficiency with a Rope.
Paramus was not in my opinion the proper position for the whole of Lord Stirlings force, nor indeed of any part of it, to answer the purpose of covering your Right flank. I have since wrote to his Lordship to take a position that will, in conjunction with the light Infantry, prevent the retreat of the enemy from Stoney point by land. This I have done upon a possibility that the Count D'Estaing will be able, should he arrive, to run some light ships up the River and prevent the evacuation by Water.
His Lordship will I presume, by the time this reaches you, have so concerted
measures with you as to answer the desired purpose, and tend to your mutual
security. Be pleased to keep the matter of endeavouring to intercept the
Garrison, a secret. I am, &c.
[H.S.P.]
93. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Washington wrote also to Maj. Gen. Robert Howe, this same day (October 6),
that there was nothing of information to forward: “You will be pleased to
thank the party of horse in my name for the great gallantry with which they
behaved.” This letter is in the Washington
Papers.
Dr. Sir: I received last evening your letter of the 3d. with its inclosure.
In your first communication with C— and you will make it as soon as possible, I
shall want to be as perfectly ascertained as the nature of the inquiry will
admit viz. The quantity and quality of the provisions in New-York, comprehending
their whole stock whether in magazines or on ship-board. He will be particular
as to the kind and size of the works that are lately formed, or that may be
erected. And at all times keep his attention on changes of situation, or the new
positions which may be taken by the enemy. He will inform me what new works are
erected on Long Island besides those at Brooklyn, and where, and of what nature.
I wish also to know where their shipping lyes, and if they appear to be taking
measures and what measures for their security in case of a french fleet's
entering the harbour. I am, etc.
94. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
My Lord: I have been duly honored with your Lordships letter of the 5th., and the
observations that were inclosed. I shall not fail should we be fortunate enough
to have it in our power to enter upon such an undertaking as your Lordship has
supposed,
I am this moment favored with yours off the 4th. It does not appear to me that Paramus is a situation calculated to answer the purposes which we have more immediately in view, particularly the support of the Light Infantry and your relation to the succour of this post. We are not justified in overlooking these objects. Your Lordship will therefore be pleased to take such measures as may most effectually answer these purposes, attending at the same time, as much as possible to the object mentioned in a former letter.
I wish your Lordship a better state of health; and have no objection to your journey to Baskin
6. Stirling's plan of attack on Staten Island, Oct. 5, 1779, is in the Washington Papers.
ridge. I am etc.
Dear Sir: Your favor of the 3d. inst. came to hand yesterday.
I shall comply with your present engagements to the spies, which you have promised to pay in specie; but as we have so little of this to spare for even the most pressing and important purposes within the enemy's lines, you will be careful to effect as much as possible with such other means as we have in our power; and as œconomical in all other expeditions as our circumstances are limited.
It is an object at present particularly interesting to be well informed as to the enemy's naval force. You will therefore be attentive to this as well as to such other intelligence as may be of use.
I have given a warrant to Capn. Rudulph for the sum granted by Congress to the
non-commissioned officers and privates concerned in the attack of Powles
Hook.
7. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
8. “To Capt John Rudulph [Rudolph], for Majr. Lee to be distributed among the
Officers and soldiers under his commd. at the Attack of Paulus Hook by
Resolve of Congress 27 Sept. 15000 [Dollrs].”—Oct. 6, 1779, “Warrant Book,”
in the Washington Papers.
tribute this money in proportion to the pay of the non-commissioned officers and privates, which was the manner observed in the case of Stony-point. I am, etc.
P.S. You may in future or while on your present command mark your letters private.
I presume that you constantly keep an intelligent officer to observe the arrival
or sailing of the enemy's vessels. I wish to have his diary transmitted from
time to time, say once a week, and more especially when any move extraordinary
occurs in this line.
Dear Sir: Since mine of the 5th. (of which I inclose a duplicate) I have had the pleasure of receiving yours of the 28th. ulto. from Chemung and 30th. from Tioga. I congratulate you upon your return in safety to that place and upon the success which has attended the Expedition intrusted to your care.
I am transmitting the particulars to Congress. I have yet heard nothing further of the
9. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
French fleet, but they may be every day expected, the reasons therefore of your
joining with the troops under your command as speedily as possible still
subsist. I am, &c.
Sir: I received your favour of the 18th. Ulto. in due time, but I have lately been so exceedingly engaged, that I had not leisure to take up the Business it refers to sooner. It appears to me, that all the men who Joined the invalid Corps, previous to the 23d. of January, may be paid the gratuity of 100 dollars with out any further proof than their own words. If any have Joined since, let their names be returned to the Adjutant General with the regiment to which they belonged, and inquiry may be made, of the Commanding Officers, whether they may have not inlisted in Camp, for the War, and received large Bounties. Take receipts from those, to whom you pay the Gratuity, specifying that they are engaged for the War, and have them borne as such upon the next muster Rolls; producing this letter to the Board of War, will I imagine procure you the necessary
20. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
18. Of the Invalid Regiment.
sum of Gratuity money. I am, etc.
Dr. Sir: It is very interesting at this moment to be well informed of the
movements of the enemy's shipping, which may take place in the Sound. I wish you
therefore to station an intelligent officer in such a situation, as may be
perfectly adapted for this purpose. He is to be careful in observing the size
and number of all vessels and whether there may be troops on board, either in
coming to or going from New-York, and in transmitting you every two or three
days a diary of his observations. But when any extraordinary appearance of
vessels takes place, he is to make his communication to you without waiting
these periods which you will transmit to me as soon as possible. I am,
etc.
Dr. Sir: I have received Your Letter of the 5th. and
19. Contemporary copy is in the writing of Caleb Gibbs.
21. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
should have answered it before, if a variety of important and pressing business had not occurred to prevent it.
With respect to the subordinate appointments, which you mention to have made and still propose, I have no authority to direct them, nor have I to confirm them. From your Letter of the 12th. of last month, the business appears to have been confided by Congress, on your representation, to the Board of War, who I am persuaded will weigh the matter properly on your report, and allow or promote every appointment, essential for carrying on the duties of your department. At the same time I think, that a Deputy, both at Philadelphia and Springfield, and a Clerk with each are necessary; also an Assistant at Camp and One or two Clerks; and a sub Cloathier for the Artillery, Cavalry and the Corps not attached to the State lines. These appointments it appears to me, will be proper but no more.
With respect to partial issues of Cloathing, I am fully in sentiment with you, that they are attended with many inconveniencies, and a regard to my own ease, and every other consideration make me very much wish, that they could be avoided. But this cannot be done, while our supplies are so scanty and so irregular, as not to admit of a full distribution, competent to the demands of the Troops. When ever they are directed, it
will be from necessity and not choice. I also think, that no issues ought to be made by the purchasing agents to any part of the Army, or at least without your privity, and after a comparative view of the Stock of Cloathing and the wants of the whole Troops, as they may lead to the consequences you mention, and excite jealousies and uneasiness. I shall take the liberty to suggest this matter to the Board of War, in the first Letter I write them, who I am convinced will do all in their power to facilitate and simplify the business of your department. Hitherto there has been no system, or but a very imperfect one, and therefore there could not but be some irregularities.
The Men employed in the Quarter Master General's Department, have been usually supplied by him with Cloathing and it will be best for many reasons that he should continue to do it. This will in a great measure obviate the inconveniencies you seem to apprehend from individual applications in the Staff department. Most Others of the Staff, intitled to Cloathing will draw under some other arrangement.
I have directed the Adjutant General to make out an Abstract Return of all the Non Commissioned Officers and privates of the Troops of the States Northward of South Carolina; and of all other Corps, which when completed I will inclose You. It will be necessary for
you to obtain as early as possible, the most precise and exact Returns from the
Sub or State Cloathiers, of the Supplies in their hands on Continental account , for their Troops. These will be essential to
govern your Estimates and your distribution and will place the Troops more on a
footing of equality, and may prevent improper charges which may possibly be made
against the public, for Cloathing held and delivered in the first instance under
the idea of its being a new State supply, not to be considered in the great
Estimate of Common Stock.
Your plan of assorting and arranging the Cloathing at the Magazines intended for
its reception in the first instance, previous to its coming to the Army for the
purpose of a general distribution, after the present wants of the Army are
supplied appears to me to be very proper. However, I would observe, that it will
always be necessary for You, to keep a quantity of Cloathing in store with or
near the Army, to supply contingent demands, of which there are and must be many
in all Armies. Of shoes there can seldom be too many, as the expenditure is
great and the soldiery must be furnished with them when they want, whatever
supplies they may have received. I am, etc.
22. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
On October 8 Richard Kidder Meade wrote to Brigadier General Huntington that
a supply of clothing had been ordered on to camp; that it was hoped it would
be adequate; “and that the distribution will be made consistent with the
strictest impartiality and according to circumstances.” Meade's letter is in
the Washington Papers.
Dr. Sir: I have received your favor of to-day with its inclosure. I shall take
the first opportunity to transmit to Governor Clinton the paper respecting
persons from these States going within the enemy's lines. You may if you please
communicate its substance to Lieut. Col. Hyat,
[MS.H.S.]
Dear Sir: I have been favd. with yours of yesterday. Since I explained to you my
motives for directing a change of your position, it has been my wish that you
should take such an one, as would enable at the shortest notice, to prevent the
escape of the enemy
29. Lieut. Col. Joseph Halt (Hyat), of the Second Connecticut Regiment.
30. In the writing of James McHenry.
33. From Verplanck's Point.
tred the Country. Your objection to taking a position too near the probable point of interception, lest it might create a jealousy of your design, is well founded, and I should therefore think that which would serve the double purpose of security and annoyance if necessary, the most eligible.
General Heath this day transmitted to me the determination of Sir Henry Clinton respecting the rule to be observed in future for admission of persons wanting to go from the Country to the City of New York. This, as it regards the Inhabitants of the State, I shall transmit to His Excellency Governor Clinton. But as a complaint is made, on the part of the enemy of the too great frequency of Flags, I think it would be proper in you to give orders to the Officers upon your advanced posts to suffer none to pass conducted by Officers of Militia except they have the sanction of the Governor of the state. I am, &c.
P.S. Be pleased to forward the inclosed immediately to Major Tallmadge.
34. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dr. Sir: I have been informed by a letter from Abraham Ackerman Esquire, at Pumpton, that the Sheriff of Bergen has in his custody a certain John Springer Junior. This man inlisted in Colo Hazens Regiment in the Spring 1777; presently deserted and engaged with the Enemy.
About the last of June or begining of July he came to me at N Windsor and said
he had come to claim the benefit of a proclamation which I had issued. I
accordingly pardonned him and as he affected great contrition and to be much
afraid of falling into the Enemy's hands, I consented to his being employed in
the Waggon Master's departmt, and about Two nights after he began to enlist men
out of the Maryland line for the Enemy's service; and there was every reason to
believe occasioned several desertions. He was tried and sentenced in part, to be
employed in some department in the Army or Navy where he would not have an
Opportunity of deserting again. I am now to request, that you will receive him
from the Sheriff of Bergen in consequance of the inclosed order, and that you
will forward him to the Honble. the Marine Committee at Philadelphia with the
letter herewith transmitted, under the care of a trusty Non-Commissd Officer and
a Dragoon or Two. If he is not well secured and watched with great vigilance he
will escape. He is capable of great dissimulation and will affect a great deal
in order to deceive the men. I mention these circumstances, that you may put
them the more on their Guard. I am, etc.
35. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
Dear Sir: I have your favr. of the 8th. inclosing a letter for Major
Jameson
Should a certain operation take place, it will be necessary to establish a very
regular communication with long Island. These things are better settled
personally than by letter, I shall therefore be glad to see you at Head
Quarters. After leaving some person who can be intrusted with the rect. of C—
letters, and who can forward them and any observations upon the sound, be
pleased to ride over. I am, etc.
Sir: Should a co-operation with the French fleet take place, it will be indispensible to our measures to have in stock a considerable quantity of good-ship bread, and a much larger quantity of rum than usual. You
36. Maj. John Jameson, of the Second Continental Dragoons. His later promotion to lieutenant colonel ranked him from August, 1779; served to close of the war.
37. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
will however, and at all events turn your immediate attention to these two
objects; so as to have, in readiness, and as soon as possible, such quantities
of these articles, as from your knowledge of our present consumption, and the
additional numbers which must be employed in a co-operation, you may judge fully
sufficient. You will also have regard to the season in which we are to operate,
in your purchases of rum. These articles are to be stored, relative to this army
and a water transportation; or in places from whence they can be easily brought
forward. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: I have your favr. of yesterday inclosing a sketch of the bearings and distances of the Grounds contiguous to Stoney point. It is not to our Interest to disturb the enemy at that or any other detached post just now. Under present circumstances we should endeavour to keep them as much separated as possible, for if part of my plan, recommended to the Count, can be carried into execution, we shall put it out of the power of
38. In the writing of James McHenry. From the original in the possession of Hon. James W. Wadsworth, of Geneseo, N.Y.
the detachments to join the main Body. I would therefore wish that [they] may be lulled into security rather than alarmed. A small time will determine whether those posts or a greater object shall engage our attention.
Be pleased to let some Gentlemen who are proper judges, view the Ground between
Springsteels and the point of the Dunderberg opposite Peeks Kill, and determine
whether it will admit of a Road for Carriages out of reach of the fire from
shipping. I am, etc.
[H.S.P.]
Gentn: The only material intelligence which I have obtained from New York or
respecting the Enemy since your departure, is contained in the inclosed account,
which received yesterday from Captain Monroe.
As we shall have occasion for a great
40. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. The draft, in the Washington Papers, is dated Oct. 10, 1779.
49. This intelligence from Capt. James Monroe, of the armed brig Saratoga, who escaped from a British prison ship in
New York Harbor on October 6, is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison,
and is in the Washington Papers, under the date of
Oct. 9, 1779. It is indorsed “Copy transmd. Genl. Duportail and H. 10 Octr.
1779.”
many boats, in case a cooperation, between the Count and us takes place, I request that you will inform yourselves of the number, which His Excellency has fit for transporting Troops.
In order to cut off the Enemy's force on Staten Island, I would suggest that it
will be necessary for the Count, as soon as possible after his entry at the
Hook, to have measures taken for destroying all their boats on the Staten Island
shore. And besides, it will be material that a part of his Ships should be
stationed along the Island, to prevent Boats from being sent from New York to
withdraw them; and their being stationed in this manner appears to me, the more
essential, as the Enemy would annoy them from Land batteries, if they were to
continue in the narrows. I am, etc.
Sir: It is yet a matter of uncertainty whether
50. In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. This letter is in the Alexander Hamilton Papers in the Library of
Congress.
His Excellency the Count D'Estaing will come to the Northward with intent to operate, or return to the West Indies. Should he determine upon the former, and New York should be the object, the pos session of Staten Island will be absolutely necessary, to accomplish which, we should be previously well informed of the strength of the Enemy upon it; what works they have erected; where they are situated; how constructed, and particularly whether they have any bomb proofs in them. The numbers of the Enemy upon the Island will probably vary almost daily, and new Works be often raised or old ones demolished. I would therefore wish you to endeavour to lay a train for ex tendg. your correspondence with the Island so as to receive, every day or two, an account from one or the other, of all occurrences that may have happened. Be pleased to direct them to inquire particularly where the Boats for the use of the troops are kept, and what number they generally have there. The time when a thorough knowledge of the above points will be materially necessary, will be at the moment of the Counts arrival. Could you obtain with precision then and send off one Copy to Count D'Estaing informing him of your Rank and that it is done at my request, it may be of the greatest service to him. A Copy of the same you will be pleased to transmit to me. Such intelligence as you can collect in the mean time, be pleased to forward as usual. The less that is said of
the expectation of Count D'Estaing the better. I shall be glad to be in formed
of the Strength of your Regiment. I am, &c.
Dear Sir: I yesterday received the enclosed intelligence which I have transmitted
to Lewis town at the Capes of Delaware, in hopes it may meet Count D'Estaing
there. But should he have left Delaware before my dispatches reach him, you
will, upon his arrival of the Hook, communicate the inclosed, with such other
occurrences as may have come to your knowledge. I am, etc.
Dr. Sir: You will observe by the certificate in possession of the bearer Mr.
Martlin,
52. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman, and is addressed to Colonel Taylor or Major [Samuel] Hayes.
55. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
56. Pilot Abraham Martlings.
ted him to you instead of sending him on to Philadelphia lest the Count may have
been at the Capes of Delaware and gone on to the Hook. I have to request that
this Gentlemen may join the Count on the first appearance of the fleet, as his
services will probably be very essential at the commencement of operations. I
am, &c.
Sir: I leave the inclosed letter to Mr. Skinner commissary of Prisoners, open,
lest he should be gone from Easton before this arrives. Should this be the case,
I have to request, that you will take immediate steps for the removal of Major
Genl. Philips, and the other Convention officers, to Bethlehem as directed in Mr. Skinner's letter. It is necessary their
departure should take place as soon as possible. I am, etc.
57. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade and Tench Tilghman.
53. Assistant Deputy Quartermaster General, then at Easton, Pa.
54. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Sir: I am sorry to find by your letter, that you have departed from my
instructions of the 2d. instant; in which I very particularly gave the
preference to Bethlehem . It is my wish, that you
immediately accompany Major General Philips, Baron de Riedisel and the other
officers of Convention, to Bethlehem , and that you do
every thing in your power for their accommodation and convenience. I am,
etc.
Dear Sir: Your favor of the 6th.
58. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
66. Not now found in the Washington Papers.
But as the public faith has been pledged for their remaining there unmolested,
and you say good consequences have resulted to the neighbourhood from the
measure hitherto, I see no objection to their being suffered to return home
again. I will inform Genl. Sullivan, upon his return, of the reasons which
induced the superseding his orders to Colo. Gansevoort. As to the other point,
the treaty with the Cayugas, I can only give my private opinion, which coincides
with yours, so far as it respects the policy of making a general peace with them
and the other Indians of the Six Nations. But as to particular terms, I think it
will be proper for you and the Gentlemen in the Commission to take the
directions of Congress, should they incline to an accommodation. When I have the
pleasure of seeing you we can talk over this matter more at large. I am,
etc.
Dear Sir: I have received your favor of the 11th. It appears to me that your present position is such as
67. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
to afford a proper support to the infantry, and preserve at the same time some
relation to the succour of this post. These were the two principal objects we
had in view. A more remote one was the prevention of the enemy's retreat by
land, from Stoney point, should any circumstances compel them to this measure.
You will however have advice from General Wayne or in some other manner when
this should become the chief object of your attention. At present you will take
no notice of the matter. Tho' the event is wholly uncertain it should
nevertheless be kept secret. I am, etc.
D. Sir: I have received your Letter of the 6th. Instant. As some late Regulations have taken place with respect to the Hide department and for furnishing the Army in general with Shoes on a systematic plan, I cannot authorise a deviation from them, and the Shoe makers you mention must be recalled, when the time expires for which they were engaged with Mr. Taylor. I am pressing by repeated Letters, every person concerned in the Shoe busi
68. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
ness to forward supplies. I am, etc.
Sir: Our operations may be such in the course of a few Weeks, as to render a
quantity of fascines and gabions necessary. I am therefore to request that you
will have a number of them made, in such places as will not expose them to the
destruction of the enemy, and at the same time be convenient to Water carriage.
I could wish you to prosecute this business with spirit, as it will prove very
important to our measures. I cannot determine on any fixed number that may be
necessary. You will be pleased however when you have a large quantity, to give
me notice, still prosecuting the work. The fascines should be about 9 feet long,
of a convenient bulk and exceedingly well bound. As there are other militia
Corps in service, on the Sound you will oblige me by communicating this request
to the Commanding Officers. I am, etc.
69. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
70. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
On October 13 Washington wrote again to Mead: “In mine of the 12th …I have since
thought that the work might be facilitated, under the direction of an Officer
acquainted with that kind of Business, and have therefore sent Monsr. Murnand,
in the Corps of Engineers, to give the necessary instructions for the formation
and lengths of the Fascines, Gabions, etc.” This letter is in the Washington Papers and is printed in the Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, fifth
series, vol. 10, p. 142, as written to Gov. Jonathan Trumbull.
Sir: I have inclosed you the return of last month, which I received by your letter of the 1st. instant.
You will observe the several columns which I have marked. There appear to be some
mistakes which you will be pleased to correct and transmit me a fair copy with
your next months return. I am, etc.
Dr. Sir: I have been favored with your letters of the 22d. and 23 of last month, a few days since, with the several inclosures.
The means you have used to prevent the desertions of the Convention troops, and to recover such as had made their escape are perfectly agreeable. And I am glad your attention has checked a practice attended with so very few advantages. In your late transaction with Major General Philips I cannot but approve the spirit
71. Deputy commissary of military stores, Albany, N.Y.
72. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
of your conduct.
It is to be hoped from the system which you have established at Charlottes ville that in future less application will be necessary for the discharge of its several duties and that you will have more leisure to attend to the reestablishment of your health. Should you be of opinion that the command can properly be executed by any officer now present I shall have no objection to your retiring for some time, for the purpose of health and relaxation. In this case I wish you to give such instructions as may obviate any inconveniencies that may be likely to arise in your absence. If you could visit it in the intermediate time it would be still more likely to continue things in the good order which you have established.
With respect to your resignation, if you are determined on the step, I must refer you to Congress. Were I to speak my wishes on this occasion they would be for your remaining in the service.
I have considered the application from the German Pastor, but do not think it
expedient at this time to indulge him in his request. If he prefers America,
with a little patience he may have it in his power to settle to advantage. I am,
etc.
73. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Dr. Sir: I received your favor of the 11th. instant yester
day evening.
We have not yet been able to ascertain how far the Count means to extend his
co-operations; nor have we learned the event of his visit to the Southward. We
expect however very interesting news every day, from this quarter. Till we can
know something more definitive respecting his designs, it will be un necessary
to harrass your troops by over fatiguing marches. Their want of several articles
of clothing, and particularly of shoes, must make some little respite very
agreeable. I would wish you therefore to hault them at Easton, at least till you
can bring up the rear and the baggage; when you will be pleased to proceed by
easy marches to the main army, unless we should find it expedient to precipitate
the junction; of which I shall give you the earliest advice. I am,
[N.H.H.S.]
Dear Sir: I received your favor, of this date with the two prisoners of War. I shall put them into the hands of the Commy. of prisoners who makes frequent exchanges of the few privates of ours now of days in the possession
74. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
of the enemy, by which means Colo. Sheldon's men will probably soon regain their liberty in the regular way.
You will be pleased to furnish Captn. Lequaer's
Dear Sir: I have your favr. of the 13th. by Colo. Wood. As the Road which
Colonels Butler and Putnam have traced, will be so easily opened, there will be
no need of working upon it untill we know certainly whether we shall want to use
it. A deserter from the Vulture sloop the day before yesterday informs that Sir
Henry Clinton, Colo. Robinson
75. Captain Lequaer (Lequaw, Lequiere), of the New York Militia(?).
76. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
78. Col. Beverley Robinson(?), of the Guides and Pioneers, British Provincial Troops.
79. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
C— junior to remain in the City, to collect all the useful information he can, to do this, he should mix as much as possible among the Officers and Refugees, visit the Coffee Houses and all public places. He is to pay particular attention to the movements by land and Water in and about the City, especially how their transports are secured against an attempt to destroy them, whether by armed Vessels upon the flanks, or by Chains, Booms, or any contrivances to keep off Fire Rafts. The number of Men destined for the defence of the City and environs, endeavouring to designate the particular Corps and where each is posted; to be particular in describing the place where the Works cross the Island in the Rear of the City; how many Re doubts are upon the line from River to River; how many Can non in each, and of what weight, and whether the Redoubts are closed or open next the City. Whether there are any Works upon the Island of New York, between those near the City and the Works at Fort Kniphausen or Washington, and if any, where abouts and of what kind. To be very particular in finding out whether any works are thrown up on Harlem River near Harlem town, and whether Horns Hook is fortified. If so, how many Men are kept at each place and what num
ber and what sized Cannon are in those Works. To enquire whether they have dug pits within and in front of the lines and Works in general, three or four feet deep, in which sharp pointed stakes are fixed. These are intended to receive and wound Men who attempt a surprise by Night. The State of provision, Forage and Fuel to be attended to, as also the Health and Spirits of the Army Navy and City. These are the principal matters to be observed within the Island and City of New York. Many more may occur to a person of C—junior's penetration, which he will note and communicate.
C— Senior's Station to be upon Long Island to receive and transmit the intelligence of C—junr. As it is imagined that the only post of consequence, which the enemy will attempt to hold upon Long Island in case of attack, will be at Brooklyn, I would recommend that some inhabitant in the Neighbourhood of that place and seemingly in the interest of the enemy should be procured, who might probably gain daily admission into the Garrison by carrying in marketting; and from him intelligence, might be obtained every day or two of what was passing within; as, the Strength of the Garrison, the number and size of Cannon &c; proper persons to be procured at convenient distances along the sound from Brooklyn to New town, whose Business it shall be to ob
serve and report what is passing upon the Water, as whether any Vessels or Boats with troops are moving, their number and which way they seem bound.
There can be scarce any need of recommending the greatest caution and secrecy in
a business so critical and dangerous; the following seem to be best general
Rules: To entrust none but the persons fixed upon to transact the Business; to
deliver the dispatches to none upon our side but to those who shall be pitched
upon for the purpose of receiving them and to transmit them and any verbal
intelligence that may be obtained to no one but the Commander in Chief.
Dr. Sir: In a Letter His Excy. received yesterday from General Wayne he says; “A few Artificers, i, e, Wheelwrights and Armourers with their Tools are absolutely necessary to this Corps; also a Conductor and an Ammunition Waggon for his Stores.” His Excelly requests that you will supply Genl Wayne with these as far as they respect your department, and such as are to be furnished by any other, you will be pleased to note, that He may
77. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman. It is indorsed as “Instructions delivered to Maj. T[allmadge]. for C—Senior and Junr.”
A small scrap of paper accompanies these Instructions, In the writing of Washington: “Received this 14th day of Octr. 1779. for the purpose of obtaining Intelligence the Sum of Twenty Guineas from George Washington,” It is signed “Benja. Tallmadge,”
order them.
Dr. Sir: I received last night your favor of the 14th. and am glad to find you have got so good and secure a position.
The Carolina Troops have returned and Major Murfree will resume his command in the Infantry. This circumstance makes it unnecessary for Lt. Colo. Vose or any other Field Officer to be sent down.
I will give orders for the Artificers and Tools you mention, and for a conductor
and Ammunition Waggon. I have received no farther advices as yet of Count
D'Estaing or with respect to his Southern operations, and am anxiously waiting
for them. I am, etc.
[H.S.P.]
82. Tench Tilghman wrote to Quartermaster General Greene on October 16 regarding
this: “Genl. Knox will appoint a conductor and has furnished an Ammunition
Waggon and travelling Forge with proper tools, the Corps is to provide its own
Armorers. If it is customary for you to appoint Artificers to attend the several
Corps, His Excellency desires you will detach the usual number of the kind which
General Wayne mentions to attend the Infantry.” Tilghman's letter is in the Washington Papers.
83. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “R: H: H: Secy.”
84. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
Sir: I have been duly honored with yours of the 8th. 11th. and 13th. instants, which I deferred answering immediately, as I have been in hourly expectation of receiving accounts from the southward which would inform me with certainty of the event of Count D'Estaings operations in that quarter, and whether, and when he might be reasonably expected in this: But I have not received a Syllable since mine of the 3d.
It gives me pleasure to hear of the forwardness of your preparations either for a co-operation with this Army, or an attempt upon Rhode Island. In either case, I shall most assuredly, in concerting measures, consult the honor and interest of the public, and of consequence that of the Officers employed in the enterprise.
My late accounts from New York speak of the probability of the evacuation of Rhode Island, although my latest and best informant does not mention it as a thing fully determined upon. But I think the arrival of the number of Vessels, in Ballast only, mentioned in yours of the 13th. indicates at least an intention of holding themselves ready to effect it if necessary. I have
the pleasure to inform you that the Army under the command of General Sullivan arrived safe and in perfect health at Wyoming on the 7th. after having fully compleated the destruction of the whole Country of the six Nations; the Indians of which must be thrown this Winter upon the Magazines of Canada for subsistence, which I imagine will not be a little distressing, as they were unprepared and probably unprovided for such an event. The Army was to leave Wyoming the 10th. and I suppose are before this at Easton, being in full march to form a junction with the troops under my immediate command.
I have just recd. a letter from Colonel Broadhead dated the 16th. day of Sepr. at
Fort Pitt. He had returned from an expedition against the hostile Indian tribes
on the Alleghany River, up which he proceeded about 180 Miles, and destroyed
nearly all the settlements in that quarter without the loss of a Man. This in a
great measure compleats the destruction not only of the Country of the Six
Nations but of their Allies on the heads of the Allegheny River. I am,
etc.
[N.Y.H.S.]
89. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: His Excellency has just recd. advice that three British regiments left New York the 13th. said to be to relieve the Garrisons of Stoney and Verplanks points. But until it can be ascertained whether this is really
a relief or a reinforcement His Excellency desires you
to recommend vigilance to your Guard Boats and pickets.
The inclosed
Dear Sir: I was favd. last evening with your
1. “The inclosed which you will be pleased to forward is left open for your
perusa that you may take such steps as the information requires.”— Washington to Maj. General William Heath, Oct. 17,
1779. This letter is in the Washington Papers.
2. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “T. Tilghman.”
two letters of yesterday. I cannot learn from the Deserters who have come out
the two past days that any troops came up the River at the time you mention, but
as movements might have taken place below of which they were ignorant, I very
much approve of your making use of every precaution against a surprise. The
enemy, upon the last settlement of accounts, fell much in our debt, on the score
of marine prisoners. Those taken by Captn. Hollet
The Commissary of Hides is directed by the Regulations of his department to
exchange Hides for shoes whenever he can find an opportunity, but the shoes so
obtained are to be returned to the Cloathier General, to be by him regularly
distributed to the whole army in proportion to their wants. I doubt not but your
division are distressed for Shoes, but I assure you the Men who have been upon
constant fatigue at this post are in as miserable a condition as you can
imagine. I am however endeavouring to draw together a stock from every quarter,
which when collected shall be impartially distributed. I am etc.
3. Capt. Jonathan Hallet, of the Second New York Regiment. He served to June, 1783.
4. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dr Sir: By intelligence I have just received from Elizabeth Town Colonel
Webster
5. Lieut. Col. James Webster. of the Thirty-third Foot, British Army.
the southward.
Dr. Sir: Colonel Brodhead writes me from Pittsburg the 16th. September last, that
“the troops here have at least nine months pay due to
them and that there is neither money nor pay master to discharge the arrearages”
I wish you as soon as possible to take such order in this case as it may
require. There are of Continental troops under his command the 9th Virginia and
the 8th. P[ennsylvania] Regiments, Rollin's
6. On October 17 Washington sent this same intelligence to Maj. Gen. Robert Howe
and approved the precautionary measures Howe had taken. “I give you this
intelligence that you may continue them.” This letter is in the Washington Papers.
7. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
8. Col. Moses Rawlings, of the Additional Continental regiment. Rawlings had, however, resigned in June, 1779, and the regiment appears to have existed through the greater part of the year 1780.
9. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Sir: I wrote to you on the 2d. instant requesting to know what quantity of Shoes you had upon hand and what you were likely to supply. Having recd. no answer, I am apprehensive that the letter never reached you. I have since recd. a letter from the Board of War, desiring me to see you upon several matters relating to your department. You will therefore be pleased immediately upon the rect. of this to come down to Head Quarters. The Business is pressing and important and for
that reason I beg you will not delay. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: Should we undertake an operation of consequence in conjunction with the
Count D'Estaing we shall stand in need of a considerable quantity of Facines,
Gabions and pickets. You will therefore be pleased to set the Troops under your
command at that work. The following in [ sic ]
Gabions 4 feet high—3½ feet wide
Facines as long as possible Ten Inches thick well bound cut square at both ends.
Pickets of split Wood 4 feet long 3 Inches square.
You may order as many as possible of the above to be made, and that the quantity may not be ascertained by any inquisitive persons, you may di
10. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman, who wrote also to Uriah
Mitchell, Assistant Deputy Quartermaster General, at Newburgh, inclosing
this letter to Hatfield, to be forwarded by express. “Hatfield,” Tilghman
wrote, “may perhaps have a deputy at New Windsor or Newburg, but it must not
be delivered to him, it must be put into Mr. Hatfield's own hand.”
Tilghman's letter is in the Washington Papers.
15. The draft has “are.”
rect them not to be drawn together, should you want Bill Hooks or other tools,
your Quarter Masters must apply to the Quarter Mastr. Genl. I am, etc.
[H.S.P.]
Gentn: I have been favored with Colo. Hamilton's letter, mentioning your arrival
early on the 11th at Philada. and your being about to set off for Lewis
town
I have attentively considered the object to which you more particularly refer, and am now to authorise you (provided the Count will not determine on a co-operation to the full extent of my instructions) to engage the whole force described in my letters to him, comprehending the continental troops and militia, in
16. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade. The draft, by Tilghman, is addressed to “Genl. Howe, Genl. Wayne and Ld. Stirling or commd. Officer Virginia Division.”
17. Lewes, Del.
such an enterprise against the enemy's shipping as the Count and you may agree to undertake. In a word I will aid him in any plan of operations against the enemy at New York or Rhode Island in the most effectual manner, that our strength and resources will admit. He has nothing more to do therefore, than to propose his own plan if time will not permit him to accede to ours; weighing thoroughly the consequences of expence and disappointment.
Inclosed is some intelligence received from Elizabeth Town since your departure. You will observe the preparations of the enemy for throwing every possible obstruction in the Count's passage.
A chain of alarm ships are stationed in the Sound, to communicate the first approach of the Count's fleet to the Garrison at Rhode Island. This they can propagate in a few minutes by signal guns. In a letter from Gen. Gates of the 13th. inst. he advises me of the arrival of the fleet which some time ago sailed from New-York. It amounts to 56 sail, and appeared to be only in a set of ballast. This was confirmed by one of the vessels which fell into our hands for a few hours. The opinion is that it is designed to take off the garrison.
Genl. Gates makes the marine force at New-Port, one fifty and a thirty two gun frigate. The refugee fleet and wood fleet about thirty seven sail, most
ly armed, at the head of which is the Restoration, late the Oliver Cromwell of 22 guns. One frigate is also taken notice of in the fleet from New-York.
Should the operations against New-York, in either case, be undertaken, it will be of the utmost consequence to block up the garrison at Rhode Island. You will consider the propriety of suggesting to the Count, the detaching of a superior sea-force for this purpose previous to his approaching the Hook. For should the measure be deferred 'till his arrival there, it may not then be possible to prevent their junction with the army at New-York, as the notice can be so very suddenly transmitted by means of the signals which they have established.
Every proper attention has been given to preparing the necessary number of fascines and such other materials as may be requisite in this quarter.
Fascines, Gabions &c. are also held in readiness at Providence, in case of an
operation against New-port. I had thought of the fire ships, and have taken
order in this matter. I do not however choose to go to the great expense they
must run us into 'till something is decided with his Excellency Count D'Estaing,
but every thing relative shall be provided, so as to occasion no delay when such
matters become necessary. I am, &c.
18. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Washington inclosed this letter to Deputy Quartermaster General John
Mitchell, at Philadelphia, with a brief note dated October 18: “It is of the
utmost consequence that the enclosed should reach Genl. Duportail and Colo.
Hamilton as expeditiously as possible. Should they not have returned from
the Capes of Delaware when it arrives at Philada., you will be pleased to
forward it to them by a person on whose care and despatch you can fully
depend.” This note is in the Washington Papers.
Dr. Sir: I had on the 15th the pleasure by Captn. McIntire to receive your Letter of the 16th. Ulto. continued to the 24th. I am accordingly happy in your success in the expedition up the Alleghany against the Seneca and Muncy Nations, and transmit you the inclosed Extract from General Orders, which will convey to you the sentiments I entertain of your conduct, and of that of the Officers and men employed in the expedition. This you will be pleased to communicate to the Troops thro' the Channel of Your Orders. I trust from this stroke and the operations of Genl Sullivan, who I am happy to inform you is now on his return to join the Army, after having laid waste the whole of the Seneca Towns their Crops and their Country, except in the Quarter where you were, and a Town or two higher up on the Alleghany and compelling the whole of the Nation to flee to Niagara for refuge; the eyes of the savages will be opened, and that they will be convinced, that it will be their true interest and policy, at least, to hold themselves in a State of neutrality. I approve the Sale you have directed of the plunder and of the distribution
of the profits among the troops.
I have transmitted that part of Your Letter which relates to the want of Cloathing, to James Wilkinson Esquire Cloathier General at Philadelphia, and directed him to take measures for supplying it. I wish however that you had ascertained the number of Men to be supplied and their Regiments and Corps, as this is essential to govern the Cloathier in his conduct.
I have also written to Colo Palfrey Paymaster General, who is also at Philadelphia and inclosed the paragraph which respects the pay of the Troops, and requested him to pursue measures for having them paid.
With respect to an Expedition against Detroit; I cannot [at this time] direct it
to be made, as the state of the force at present with You, is not sufficient to
authorise the clearest hopes of success and indeed to insure it, [and because it
is not in my power circumstanced as things are at this critical moment to say
how far it may be practicable to afford sufficient aid]
19. Washington first wrote and afterwards crossed off: “to an expedition of this kind”.
stances will justify it, you will turn your [closest] attention to the subject, and make such preparations [and obtain such necessary information] as may be in your power without exciting [much] alarm. as may facilitate the work whenever it is undertaken, [either this Winter when the lake is frozen which appears to me to be the only season] when [an effectual blow can be struck or next Campaign. In the meanwhile the nature and strength of the works should be ascertained, whether any and what kind of Bomb proofs; What aid can be drawn from the Country of men, provisions] Horses &c.; [what opposition, or assistance is to be] expected [from the Indians &ca. &ca. &ca., and prospect of Supplies.]
I shall have no objection to your making occasional excursions against any of the Indian Nations that may prove inimical and hostile, when circumstances will permit you to do it with safety.
The powers of making peace or War are in general cases, which affect the common interest, entirely with Congress as they ought of right to be. And therefore, if overtures of peace are made by the Seneccas and Muncies, you will communicate the same to them, who will act in consequence, either by appointing Commissioners or otherwise, as to them shall seem most proper.
Colonel Clark
20. Col. George Rogers Clark.
the Instructions he has received, are calculated to promote the general good, and from the character he seems justly to have acquired, I should suppose he will act with caution and prudence, and do nothing that will not be promotive of it.
With respect to supplies and trinkets for the Indians, you must try to keep them in the best humour you can, and I dare say, on your application to the Honble the Board of War, they will direct such to be furnished as may be in their power to procure.
We are anxiously waiting for advices from the Southward. His Excellency Count D'Estaing arrived at Savannah in Septr. with His fleet and a considerable Land force with a design of striking a blow against the Enemy in that quarter, which from his vast superiority he was able easily to do, if they have not found means of escaping. His arrival there of itself was very interesting and if it has been attended with all the expected success, He will have crushed the enemy and relieved Georgia and South Carolina from the dangers which had already, in great part overwhelmed the One, and from which the Other was not entirely free. I am, &c.
P.S. I duly recd. Your Letter of 31 July.
You will let me know by the first opportu
nity, what Military Stores and Artillery will be necessary, in case an expedition
should be undertaken against Detroit, and whether they could be supplied at Fort
pitt or what part of them. If from the information you gain in the points I have
mentioned above, as necessary to be inquired into, and your accounts of our
Affairs in this quarter, you should have reason to conclude the expedition will
be undertaken; and the Military Stores essential for it cannot be furnished at
Pittsburg, You will apply to the Board of War in the first instance to prevent
delay, to whom I have written and requested that they may be supplied. You will
however take the earliest Opportunity to furnish me with an Estimate as above
required, both of the Cannon &c. and Stores, and of any deficiency; And
indeed I wish to have a Return of the Military Stores of the Garrison and
Cannon, particularly distinguishing whether any of the latter and of what size
are on travelling Carriages.
21. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
Sir: By a letter from Colo. Brodhead of the 16th. Sept. I find that the troops at
Fort Pitt were then much distressed for Cloathing and before a supply can
possibly reach them, they must be much more so. To relieve them as soon as
possible, be pleased to send up a quantity agreeable to the inclosed Return
which is the last I have received from the Westward. It is possible that Colonel
Brodhead may have made the foregoing requisition thro the Board of War and that
measures may have been already taken to forward the supplies, if not, you will
be pleased to lose no time in the execution of the Business. I am,
&c.
22. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Washington forwarded this letter to Brodhead, through Deputy Quartermaster
General John Mitchell, to whom he wrote a brief request (October 19). This
letter is in the Washington Papers.
Dear Sir: It gave me pleasure to hear by yours of the 28th. Ulto. that 400 Men more were equipped and nearly ready to march to the Southward. I hope as the sickly season is now declining that many of the remainder will be 'ere long fit for duty. You will be pleased to send them on as they recover: for although we have the greatest reason to flatter ourselves that the enemy will be crushed for the present in Georgia and Carolina, yet it is not improbable but that they may renew their attack upon that, which is our weak quarter, as soon as the French fleet returns to the West Indies, unless they find us sufficiently guarded.
I have wrote to Docr. Shippen the Director General and have pressed him to endeavour to send Surgeons from Philada. or procure them for you to the southward. We have them not here. I hope the approaching Season will also help to repair your Health.
We are waiting most anxiously for news from the southward having recd. nothing official since the arrival of the french fleet upon the Coast. By accounts from Rhode Island the enemy are about evacua
ting that place; meaning, I imagine, to concentre their force at New York. I am,
&c.
Sir: I have your favr. of the 13th. respecting the applications of a number of
the Wives of the Officers and Soldiers, whose Husbands were upon the Western
expedition, for Rations. This is a thing which I have never known to be allowed,
and which, if admitted in one instance, might be claimed by the families of the
whole Army. The New York troops will be at this post in a few days, when the
Wives of as many of the Soldiers, as are generally allowed to follow the Army,
may join and be subsisted as usual. If any remain, I cannot undertake to give an
order for them to draw provisions. I am, etc.
27. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman. The letter sent, which is in the possession of Thomas Jewett Hallowell, of Nantucket, Mass., varies from the draft in minor verbal details.
26. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: I have recd. yours of the 11th. instant. My letter of the 8th. pointed out
the mode of procuring the Bounty for those Men of your Regt. at Philada.
enlisted previous to the 23rd. January. The list of the Men of your Corps
intitled to the above Bounty, who are at Boston, and which was found among Capt.
Cambles
28. Capt. Robert Campbell, of the Invalid regiment. He was killed in October, 1779.
29. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
On October 19 Robert Hanson Harrison wrote to Capt. Thomas McIntire, of the
Western Pennsylvania Independent Company, granting him permission to serve
in the Army, if agreeable to the Board of War, by whose order McIntire
served at Fort Pitt. “His Excellency however, would not have his consent in
this instance to be considered, as authorizing a permission that might
interfere with any commands you may have received from Colo. Brodhead or
clash with any essential duties he may expect from you. To these of course
you will attend.” Harrison's letter is in the Washington
Papers.
Sir: General Scott writes me by the last
post that he is in the utmost distress for Regimental Surgeons. There is an
absolute and immediate necessity for appointments to the regiments which march
to the Southward. King
I have received your letter of the 7th. instant, inclosing the General Hospital
return.
Dear Sir: Yours of the 15th. inclosing two letters from General Parsons on the subject of the claims of Rank of several Officers in the Connecticut line, came to my hands a few clays ago. To admit a revival of Claims, after the line has been arranged and Commissions issued in consequence, would set the whole afloat again, and would inevitably produce that general discontent and disorder by which
23. Miles King. He was surgeon's mate in the First Virginia Regiment.
24. A copy of the hospital return, dated Oct. 6, 1779, is in the Continental Army Returns, Force Transcripts, no. 1,
52, in the Library of Congress. The original should be in the Adjutant
General's Office, War Department, Washington, D.C.
25. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
we had been so long perplexed. I have for that Reason been obliged to refuse all applications of a similar nature.
The case of Major Cleft,
[MS.H.S.]
Dear Sir: I am always willing to encourage a spirit of enterprise when any thing can be effected without a probabiIity of much loss or danger. If any Officer is willing to undertake the matter you mention, I have no objection. Much will depend upon the fidelity of the party, for if one deserts he endangers and perhaps defeats the whole. The intelligence given by the Horseman comports with that of the Deserter who came in this
35. Maj. Wills Clift.
36. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
day. I am, etc.
[MS.H.S.]
Dr Sr: The crowded situation of the troops in this quarter and the difficulty in procuring forage and other matters induces me to desire you will halt those under your command in the neighbourhood of Chester where they will be best accommodated. Any distance from 4 to 12 miles above that place towards Sussex Court House will be a convenient position, and answers every purpose in case a co-operation with the Count should happen. I have mentioned the matter to Genl. Greene, who will probably have fixed on the ground for your encampment and will give you timely notice. When you are fixed in your Camp you will be pleased to take every opportunity of maneuvreing the troops. The necessity of doing it, I need not urge to you. The hours fixed on here for that purpose are from 9 to 11 in the forenoon and from 3 to 5 in the afternoon. We have no certain accounts of the french fleet, or what success it has had to the Southward. The report however is, that both the British Army and Navy there are captured. A short
34. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
time must determine the truth of this report. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: In consequence of yours of the 19th. I gave your Qr. Mr. an order for 500 pair of shoes which, considering the stock on hand, is a full proportion for your Corps. I have directed all the Commissaries of Hides to collect and send in all the shoes they possibly can procure, and I am not without hopes that we shall in a little time have a sufficiency.
It is not in my power to grant the request of the Officers of Colo. Febigers Regt. in regard to exchanging Hides for Boots and Shoes. It is true, things of a similar nature have heretofore been done, but the whole Business of the Hide department has lately been put into the Hands of Commissaries under the direction of the Board of War, who have, in the most pointed manner, desired me to admit of no further exchanges by any but the Commissaries, who are to deliver the shoes to the Cloathier General.
37. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
Necessity obliges me to desire you to dispense for the present with one part of
military duty, that of firing a morning and evening Gun. You cannot conceive how
much value we ought to set upon every Cartridge. You will, I dare say understand
me, and will no doubt see the propriety of my saying no more upon a subject that
ought to be concealed as much as possible. We have a favorable account from the
southward, tho' not official. Doctor Johnson
[H.S.P.]
Dr. Sir: Since writing to you this morning I have received accounts from deserters which seem strongly to indicate a speedy evacuation of Verplanks and Stoney Points. There is some reason to think that Verplanks was left last night. The deserters add that the Grenadiers were embarked and laying off against Fort Washington and that two other regiments were under order to Embark at a moments warning. If this be true, we should suppose that they have some meaning by the maneuvre; perhaps an
5. The draft spells this Johnston, and it is probably Robert Johnson, surgeon of the Sixth Pennsylvania Regiment.
6. The draft has “2 O'Clock P.M.”
attempt to strike you and the Troops in your neighbourhood, or Genl. Howe with those under him upon the East side, after having joined the force of the Garrisons to those before mentioned. This is mere matter of opinion, founded upon what may turn out false information, but I have thought it proper to put you upon your guard. And you will be pleased to communicate this to Lord Stirling, if he has joined his division or the Commanding Officer, if he has not. I am, &c.
Ps. Should the Enemy evacuate Stoney Point you will take possession of it, with
the necessary caution.
[H.S.P.]
Gentn: In my Letters of the 10th and 18th I transmitted All the intelligence I had obtained, respecting the Enemy from the time of your departure to those two periods; and by the present conveyance I inclose you an Extract of a Letter from Major General Gates of the 15th. By this you will perceive he was fully persuaded, that the Enemy were preparing to evacuate Rhode Island
7. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
and expected from his advices, they would do it on Monday or Tuesday last. Whether the event has taken place or not as yet, is a matter I cannot determine, having received no information since upon the subject; but supposing it has not, there is no room to doubt, that they have All things in a condition to do it, on the shortest notice whenever they shall think the exigency of their affairs require it. It is also equally certain, that they continue to carry on their Fortifications for the defence of New York, with the utmost industry and perseverance, and appear to be providing for the most obstinate resistance. Indeed as their reduction would be attended with the most alarming and fatal consequences to their Nation, nothing else can be reasonably expected. The moment I hear that the Troops have left Rhode Island, I will advise you.
The Garrisons of Verplanks and Stoney points still remain; but from the concurring accounts of Deserters, the Heavy baggage and Stores, except about Eighteen or Twenty Rounds for each Cannon, are embarked, and all matters are putting in train for an Evacuation, in case events make it necessary. The Deserters add, as a circumstance in confirmation, that Sir Henry Clinton was up at the Posts about Eight days ago and that from that time they have totally declined carrying on any works.
Having given you the substance of the
Intelligence received since my last letter I am led, from the vast magnitude of the Object which carried you from Head Quarters and the very interesting consequences it may involve, all of which, I am persuaded, will occur to your consideration, to remark, that the Count's entering New York Bay, with his fleet, must be the basis and Ground work of any co-operation that can be undertaken by us, either for the reduction of the Enemy's whole force, or for the destruction of their Shipping only. Every thing will absolutely depend upon it in either case; as without it and a free and open communication up and down the Rivers and in the sound, which cannot be effected and maintained in any other way; we could not possibly undertake any operations on Long Island, as our Supplies of provisions and Stores could only be obtained by water. This point I am certain would have your due consideration, but it appearing to me, the Hinge, the One thing, upon which all Others must rest, I could not forbear mentioning it. The circumstance of the Season now; expenditure of Wood; the necessity and difficulty of supplying &c. will of course be fully attended to according to their importance, and I have only to add, from a desire of preventing a misconception by either side, if any Cooperation is agreed on, that the terms and conditions may be explicitly understood. And whether it shall
extend to an attempt to reduce the Enemy's whole force, or only to the
destruction of their Shipping, your engagements will provide for the
continuance
P.S. ¼ after 3 P M Three deserters have just come in, who left Verplank's point
last night. They all corroborate the accounts, by a detail of circumstances, of
the preparations to evacuate both that and Stony point. I have no doubt that
things will, at least be held in readiness.
After dispatching the above, I received a Letter from Major General Heath of
which the following is a Copy; “I now have the pleasure to acquaint your
Excellency that the Enemy have left both points, having burnt and destroyed
their Works.” Mandeville's
8. The word “continuance” was added by Washington in the draft.
9. The draft has at this point: “The Origl. transmitted in a Letter to Colo.
Mitchell.” The draft of this letter to Mitchell, dated October 21, reads:
“The Contents of the inclosed Letter are important and I request that You
will take measures for forwarding it, without delay, to Genl. Duportail and
Colo. Hamilton by a faithful and trusty Conveyance.” This letter is in the
Washington Papers.
10. Near Beverley Robinson's, on the east side of the Hudson.
11. In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. This letter is in the Alexander Hamilton Papers in the Library of
Congress.
Sir: Colo Hay has mentioned to me the necessity there is for the Roads being repaired before the Autumn and Winter Rains begin to fall and that he had proposed to you that parties of the Militia, about to assemble at Fish Kill should be left in each district under the direction of proper Officers for the purpose. The plan is perfectly agreable to me, and as it is very interesting that the Roads should be put in order you will be pleased to employ
12. Of the Dutchess County (N. Y.) militia.
parties in the way Colo. Hay has proposed. They can be drawn together the
instant their services are more materially wanted else where. I am, etc.
Sir: I was, in due time, favd. with yours of the 15th: I very much approve of
your intention of marching immediately to Harford,
13. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
20. Hartford, Conn.
very probably think of repossessing Rhode Island, which they have undoubtedly found of great use and convenience to them for Quarters, and as a safe port. How easily they could effect this, with a superiority by Sea, your own judgment and experience will readily convince You. I should think, if the State has no objection, that all the Works, except a few upon the water side to prevent the insults of privateers or small ships of War, should instantly, upon an evacuation, be demolished, and that no more men or stores should be kept upon the Island, than would be necessary for the purpose just mentioned, and who, from the smallness of their numbers, might be withdrawn at any time, on the shortest notice.
Inclosed you will find a Resolve of Congress of the 9th. explanatory of their Act of the 18th. Augt. respecting subsistence.
I am sorry that it is not in my power to do more than I have done for the relief of Major Harnage and Capt. Hawker. It lays with Sir Henry Clinton to accept of either a parole or final exchange for them. Neither can I permit Major Gardiner to go into New York to sollicit his exchange.
I have not yet recd. any official accounts from the southward, which is most amazing. The inclosed came the day before yesterday from Phi
ladelphia. The Gentleman who transmits it, and Colo. Patton, who brought it from North Carolina, are both so worthy of credibility, that we may, at least, flatter ourselves, it will prove substantially true.
The enemy yesterday set fire to and abandoned their Works upon Stoney and
Verplanks point. I am, &c.
[N.Y.H.S.]
21. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: I recd. yours of yesterday inclosing the approbation of the Executive
of Virginia to the promotion of sundry Sergeants in your own and General
Muhlenbergs Brigades. Before Commissions can be obtained, you must designate the
Regiments to which they are to be appointed and their relative Ranks. I imagine
their Commissions are to bear date from the time they were approved by the
Council. I return you the lists that you may make the necessary amendments. I
am, etc.
23. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: For the Reasons assigned in yours of this date and to protect the
communication by King's ferry, I think the Connecticut Division may as well move
down as low as the neighbourhood of Peeks Kill, leaving a sufficient party to
continue the work at the two Redoubts. I shall direct Colo. Gouvion to lay out
two small Works at Verplanks and Stoney points. You will be pleased to order the
[one on Verplanks] to be executed by the Men of your division. The troops may
move as soon as you have fixed on a proper place of encampment [near Verplanks].
I am, etc.
[MS.H.S.]
Dear Sir: I have received your letter of Yesterday, and can assure you, that no measures have been wanting on my part, to obtain Commissions for the Massachusetts line in conse
28. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. The words in brackets are in the writing of Washington.
quence of the late arrangement. As soon as it was finished it was transmitted to
Congress, with an earnest request, that it might be committed to the Board of
War, if it was approved, that the Commissions might be issued. Since Congress
approved it, I have more than once requested the Board to lose no time in
forwarding the Commissions, and so late as the 12th. Instant, I wrote them in
pressing terms upon the subject. From these considerations and the Board's
attention to expediting business, I cannot but persuade myself, that they will
arrive in the course of a few days; or at least as soon as circumstances will
permit. It is possible, besides the time which it necessarily takes to fill up
between 4 and 500 Commissions and to record and enter 'em in a Book, that a want
of blanks may have occurred; also the late change of Presidents
29. Of the Continental Congress.
30. General Orders.
as possible. As I have already mentioned, I cannot but hope that a few days will put every Officer in possession of his Commission.
I am happy to hear that the reinlisting of the Troops is attended with success,
and I persuade myself the Officers will use their best endeavours to promote it.
The Continental bounty is two hundred Dollars and all the Inlistments must be
during the War.
[MS.H.S.]
Dear Sir: Both your favors of yesterday came to hand last Evening as did that of the 22d. I have, for some days past, had the destruction of the Enemy's wood on Lloyd's neck in contemplation. Major Tallmadge having been lately over on an excursion is probably better acquainted with the practicability of such a matter than any other person. From some hints which he dropped, when last at Head Quarters, he did not seem to think the enterprise a diffi
31. In the draft the words “during the War” are underlined.
32. In the writing of George Augustine Washington.
cult one. Be pleased to consult the Major upon the foregoing, and desire him to gain intelligence of the quantity of Wood cut; the Guard upon it; and whether he thinks the business may be effected without running a greater Risque than the object, tho' a very considerable one, is worth. Should you upon a full investigation be of opinion that it may be undertaken with a tolerable prospect of success, I would wish you to have it carried into execution by a party from your Division, and if Major Tallmadge would undertake the command of it, I do not know a preferable officer for the purpose, as he is perfectly acquainted with the Ground, and with the preparations necessary for passing the sound.
I have not the least objection to your ordering Fascines to be cut somewhat lower down, provided it be not so far, that a party of the enemy might venture up to destroy them. I cannot decide upon the propriety of your moving from your present position, till I have determined upon the Works necessary for securing the communication of Kings ferry. I have for this purpose wrote to Colo. Gouvion and desired him to come immediately up.
You may be assured, my dear Sir, that nothing gives me greater pleasure than to receive the Sentiments of my Officers upon any matters which may occur to them. The variety of Business in which I am necessarily engaged
must of course take off my attention from many things which may materially concern the good of the Service, and I am never more obliged than when an Officer communicates to me whatever strikes him as being essential to the general good. I very sensibly feel your expressions of personal Regard, which I assure you is mutual, and I shall be happy in every opportunity of cultivating a continuance of your friendship. If — can find any tolerable pretext for going down with a Flag, I have no objection. I do not imagine there is any reason for my writing Govr. Clinton on the subject.
There is part of Capt. Burbecks
33. Capt. Henry Burbeck, of the Third Continental Artillery. He served to November, 1783; captain in the United States Artillery in 1786; major in November, 1791; lieutenant colonel, United States Artillerist and Engineers, in 1798.
34. Lieut. Florence Crowley, of the Third Continental Artillery. He had been wounded at Brandywine and served to June, 1783.
35. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dr. Sir: I have received your favor of Yesterday and thank you much for the Suggestions contained in it. I request that you will take the trouble of having One or Two pikes made according to your own mind, which you will be pleased to send me for considerations.
Some Badges of distinction may be proper for Officers and the Gentlemen of their Families in time of Action. The Ribband was intended in part for this. If there is any thing that occurs to You, which will better designate their different ranks and answer the end, You will be so obliging as to mention it.
The orders of the 5th. of July were intended to produce the Returns you mention;
but perhaps they have received a confined construction, and been supposed to
extend only, to the Cloathing drawn from the Continental Stores by the Qr.
Masters of the Infantry themselves in the first instance. I will have the point
so explained, that any supplies obtained from or thro the Regiments on public
account shall be included. I am, etc.
36. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
Dear Sir: As some small works will be necessary to secure the communication of
Kings ferry, I shall be glad to have your opinion upon the subject. Be pleased
therefore to return to Head Quarters after you have left the proper instructions
for making Fascines with General Howes division. I am, etc.
37. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: I have received your Letter of the 20th. and thank you much for the intelligence you were so obliging as to communicate, and for the Return and disposition of your Regiment. You will be pleased to continue your endeavours to obtain information, with respect to the Enemy, and to transmit me from time to time such as you may deem material; and, in a particular manner, you will extend your inquiries to their movements, embarkations and to any changes that may take place in their Shipping, either by fresh arrivals or their sailing. I am, etc.
P.S. I am exceedingly sorry to find Your Regiment so sickly.
Dr. Sir: I have been duly favored with your let
38. Of a New Jersey State regiment.
39. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
ter of the 22d.
The enemy having evacuated both their posts at Kings ferry you will on receipt of
this proceed with your troops to Sufferans at the entrance of the Clove. Should
you not have advanced far on your march to Warwick, Hacketstown, Mount pleasant,
Mount-Hope and Pompton would appear the most eligible route to this place. But
that I may know this exactly you will be pleased to inform me of the Stages,
that I may not be at a loss where to meet you should it be necessary to urge
your march. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: The Board of War having directed two thousand dried Hydes to be sent to Philada. by the returning Waggons, you will be pleased to give directions to the Deputy Qr. Mr. and Waggon Master at Newburg and Windsor to furnish Mr. Hatfield the Commy. of Hides, with return Waggons for the above quantity. Mr. Hatfield represents that he could often send Hides and leather to different places by return Waggons,
43. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
by which much expense would be saved, if he had a general order upon the Quarter Mr. and Waggon Master at Newberg or New Windsor to supply him with such upon demand, when they are not otherwise engaged. You will be pleased to give the order and put it in the inclosed, which be kind enough to seal and forward immediately. I am, &c.
I have thought it best to order Genl. Sullivan to Sufferan's instead of Warwick
and have directed him to take the Route of Hackers town, Mount pleasant, Mount
Hope and pompton. You will therefore give orders if any necessary in your
department. Be pleased to send an Express immediately here to go on and meet
Genl. Sullivan.
Dear Sir: ***
41. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
44. The omitted portion is identical, except the last paragraph, with that in
Washington's letter to Maj. Gen. William Heath, Oct. 24, 1779, q. v.
The moment they
45. The commissions.
mitted, and if they should not come by the Evening of the 2d. of Novr. I will
forward to you and Genl. Glover a List of the Field Officers and Captains, taken
from the arrangement sent to Congress, which may answer the views of the
Committee of the Honourable the General Court, with respect to the subject you
mention, as far as it extends. A List of Subaltern Officers was not taken by me
from the Arrangement; but I have great hopes the Commissions for all will be
here in time; and if they are not, the justice and generosity of the Court will
not, I am persuaded, suffer the circumstance to operate an injury to them, as to
any benefits they may have intended. As the subject of this Letter is
interesting to the whole of the Massachusetts line, You will be pleased to shew
it to Genl. Glover and to such of the Officers as you may think necessary. I am,
etc.
Gentlemen: I have just now received a letter from Col. Hamilton, mentioning your having changed your
46. The draft, which is entered on the letter to Heath of October 24, is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
position at Lewistown for that of little Egg harbour, and that you would write me more fully on your arrival at the furnace.
In my last I informed you that the enemy had evacuated both their posts at
Kings-ferry, since which no alteration has taken place, that has come to my
knowledge. Things at Rhode Island remain in the same situation, at least, I have
received no accounts either confirming or contradicting my former intelligence.
I am, etc.
Dear Sir: General Schuyler has shewn me a letter from Mr. Douw of Albany by which I perceive that you did not think my letter of the 12th. to General Schuyler or in his absence to Mr. Douw desiring the release of the Mohawks, a sufficient authority to you to give them up, as the order was not in positive terms, nor directed to you. Upon referring to the letter, I find it was not a full order, tho' I meant it as such. You will therefore be pleased
50. In the writing of James McHenry. This letter is in the Alexander Hamilton Papers in the Library of Congress.
on the receipt hereof to deliver the Indians to Mr. Douw, who will lay them
under such obligations for their future good behavior as he shall think
necessary. I am, &c.
[N.Y.P.L.]
Dear Sir: I have your favr. of the 21st. No occurrence has happened since I
wrote to you last, except the evacuation of Stoney and Verplanks Points, which
took place on the 22d. I have not heard from Rhode Island since the 15th. when
General Gates wrote me that the enemy were seemingly making every preparation
for evacuating that place also. Should Count D'Estaing reach the Hook without
touching at the Delaware, you will be pleased to communicate the foregoing with
the other intelligences in your possession. Be kind enough to forward the
inclosed to Genl. Du Portail and Colo. Hamilton at Egg Harbour. I am,
etc.
47. In the writing of Tench Tilghman
48. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: The Board of War, in a letter of the 9th. instant inform me that if two
thousand dried Hides could be procured they might be immediately exchanged for
Shoes at Philada. and they direct, if that quantity is on hand with the
Commissary near the Army, that they may be immediately sent forward to Philada.
The person sent yesterday to communicate the several matters respecting your
department to me, informs, that you now have near ten thousand Hides on hand.
You are therefore immediately to send two thousand to Philada. to be delivered
to the Board of War. That you may take advantage of returning Waggons, you will
find inclosed an order from the Qr. Mr. General to his deputy at Newberg and New
Windsor to furnish you with the returning Waggons now, and also to permit you at
all times to make use of them when going to places to which you have occasion to
send Hides or Leather, if they are not previously engaged in other services. I
shall depend upon your forwarding the quantity before mentioned without the
least delay. I am, &c.
49. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dr. Sir: I have received your favor of this date, and approve the disposition you have made. I do not recollect the ground in particular which you intend for your Encampment; no doubt it is proper, and my desire is that it should be for the accommodation of the Troops, and at the same time be as convenient to Verplanks point as could be, [on acct. of the Work.]
You will pleased to forward the inclosed letter for Genl. Glover by the first
opportunity. I am, &c.
[MS.H.S.]
My Lord: I have been favored with your letter of the 22d. and am much obliged to you for the intelligence it contains. The chief part of it I have had confirmed from different quarters.
Your Lordships offer to go down to the Count should he favor us with a visit is very interesting; but it has been anticipated by my sending
51. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade. The words in brackets were added by Washington.
Gen. du Portail and Lt. Col. Hamilton, who some time since, set out on this business [fully possessed of my Ideas and of every informn. I cd. give.] They are now waiting at little Egg harbour in expectation of seeing him. As the matter stands, and as you suppose you will in a few days be in a condition to act on horseback, I hope we shall be able to employ your Lordship to as much advantage with ourselves.
We hear not a single word of the Southern operations. I have the honor,
etc.
My dear Sir: Lieutenant Colo. Ternant who will have the honor of delivering you this, returns to the Southward to execute the duties of his Office of Inspector to the troops in South Carolina and Georgia. He is furnished with the “Regulations for the order and discipline of the troops of the United States” approved by Congress on the 29th. March and by them directed to be generally observed. He is also furnished with the extracts from General Orders, with the forms of the returns required, and all other matters relating to the Inspectorship.
52. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
I am well persuaded that it is needless for me to express a desire that you should give this Gentleman your countenance and assistance in forming the troops under your command upon the plan laid down in the Regulations. I shall only tell you, that we have already experienced a very pleasing change in the face of our military affairs by a steady adherence to the system.
I flatter myself that by the time Colonel Ternant reaches the southern Army, matters will be in such a situation as to admit of a regular application to the maneuvres and discipline recommended in the establishment.
We are most anxiously waiting for accounts from the southward, having recd. no official intelligence from thence since the 7th. of September which barely announced Count D'Estaings arrival upon the Coast. I should be very happy in frequent communications with you, more especially when great events are depending upon the operations in your quarter. The enemy, by their late movements, seem apprehensive of a visit from the Count. On the 21St. Inst. they evacuated their posts at Kings Ferry and have fallen down to New York. I have not heard from Rhode Island since the 25th. they were then, to every appearance, preparing for an evacuation of that post also.
General Sullivan has returned from the expedition against the Western Indians. He has been completely suc
cessful, having totally destroyed the Country of the six Nations with a very trifling loss on our side. Colonel Brodhead has also returned to Fort Pitt from an expedition agt. the hostile tribes upon the heads of the Alleghany River; He has also destroyed their Country. I am in hopes that these severe Blows will effectually intimidate the Indians, and secure the future peace of our frontier.
Nothing will give me greater pleasure, than to receive a confirmation of your
success to the southward. Whatever contributes to your honor will afford the
highest satisfaction to me, as I am, etc.
53. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: There will be a necessity of throwing up a small Work at Stoney point
to protect the communication by Kings ferry. Colo. Gouvion will go clown
tomorrow to lay it out. When that is done, you will be pleased to furnish a
party from the Infantry to assist in executing it. I have wrote to General
Woodford to furnish a party from the Virginia line also. You had best see him
and detail agreeable to your respective Strength. As the Work will be trifling,
I would wish that the parties may be such as will finish it out of hand. I am
&c.
[H.S.P.]
54. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Precisely the same letter was sent to General Woodford this same day (October
26) with the following P.S.: “Should not Lord Stirling be returned to Camp,
be pleased to forward the inclosed by first opportunity, and that also to
Colo. Seely at Eliza: Town.” This letter is in the Washington Papers. The letter to Colonel Seely was that of Oct.
24, 1779, q. v.
On October 26 Washington wrote to General Glover: “Your favor of the 18th
Instant never came to hand till to day. In answer to it, I wish to refer You
to a Letter I wrote Yesterday to Genl. Nixon in consequence of one I
received from him on the same subject, and which I requested him to shew to
You.” This letter is in the Washington Papers.
Dear Sir: I am just now informed that the Enemy landed yesterday Morning at Amboy
(said to be 5000) and were advancing towards Brunswick. Their design is not yet
known, but a forage or an attempt to interrupt the communication from the
southward, is most probable. The Virginia division and the Light Infantry have
in consequence, moved from the Neighbourhood of Kackeat, lower down. Till we are
assured of the Enemy's views, I think it most advisable to draw our force in
this quarter, together, and I have therefore requested General Howe by the
inclosed (which be pleased to seal and forward) to move up and join You near
Peek's Kill.
I had determined that the Work upon Stony point should be executed by the Virginia Troops and the Light Infantry;
55. “Just as this paper was going to press we were informed that a party of
the enemy's dragoons consisting of about 100, landed on Tuesday night last
at Sandy Point above Amboy, and proceeded on to Bound Brook where they burnt
some stores; from thence they went up to Van Veghter's bridge and burnt 18
boats; and from thence to Somerset courthouse, which they likewise burnt;
and then returned by the way of Brunswick to South-Amboy. The militia turned
out and annoyed them very considerably. They killed the horse of the
commanding officer, a colonel, and made him prisoner, and also one private,
beside two or three horses. T'is thought several of the enemy were
wounded.”— Archives, State of New Jersey, second
series, vol. 3, p. 715. The extract was from Collins's New Jersey Gazette of Oct. 27, 1779. In this affair the British,
according to the account published by Collins, November 3, massacred Capt.
Peter Voorhees, of the First New Jersey Regiment, and took a Doctor Ryker
and John Polhemus, prisoners. The British account is in Rivington's Royal Gazette, NOV. 3, 1779.
but as they have left that Neighbourhood, I must request You to send a party
over to carry on the Work, at least till the Virginians shall have resumed their
Station, or some Other Troops shall have taken up their ground. Be pleased to
direct your Quarter Master to provide Tools necessary for the purpose, if he has
not already got them. I am, &c.
[MS.H.S.]
8 OClock A.M.
Dr. Sir: I have this moment received advice that the enemy (said to be 5000)
landed yesterday at Amboy, and were advancing towards Brunswick. Their intent
yet unknown, but I think a forage, or the interruption of our stores from the
Southward is most probable. The Virginia division and the light infantry who
were near Kakeyate marched this morning at Sun rise to Paramus, from whence they
will proceed as circumstances may require. From the situation of matters I think
it will be advisable for you to direct your march towards morris town instead of
the route which I pointed out in mine of yesterday. By sending some gentlemen of
the Jersey Brigade forward, you will be able to learn from Lord Stirling,
56. In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
57. On October 29 Washington wrote to Stirling: “As your Lordship was not
with the division I have given my instructions to Brigadier Genl. Woodford
to return and take post between Sufferans and Stoney-pont, provided the
enemy have gone back.” This letter is in the Washington
Papers. (See Washington's letter to Brig. Gen. William Woodford,
Oct. 29, 1779, post.)
enough to join, from the commanding officer, the real situation of affairs, and should you find that there is occasion to fall even lower down than Morris town, you can do it.
Should you hear that the enemy have retired, you may again turn your course to
Sufferans. I am, &c.
[N.H.H.S.]
Dear Sir: I have this moment recd. advice that the enemy landed yesterday in
considerable force at Amboy, this has occasioned the Virginia Division and Light
Infantry to move from Kakeate lower down the Country. Under present
circumstances, I therefore think it advisable for you to move up and join the
Connecticut Division under the command of Major Genl. Heath, who will march from
hence this morning and encamp in the neighbourhood of Peekskill. You will leave
light parties advanced at a proper distance in your front. I am, etc.
58. In the writing of James McHenry.
59. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: Yours dated I, OClock this morning reached me at 7. You will probably be soon informed more certainly of the real strength of the Enemy and what seems to be their intention. Should you find it more than a hasty forage, you will endeavour to collect the militia lately ordered out, some of whom I suppose are by this time at their rendezvous at Pompton, and many more undoubtedly at their place of Battalion rendezvous. I have sent an Express to Genl. Sullivan and have directed him to bend his march towards Morris Town, and to send forward some officers to you, to know your situation and that of the Enemy, that he may, should there be occasion fall lower down than Morris Town. There is a considerable quantity of forage along the mountain and probably a good many Cattle, the destruction of the former, and capture of the latter, may perhaps be the intention of the Enemy. We have likewise a number of flat Boats at Middle Brook. You will attend to these several matters, as being in my opinion most material; and be pleased to keep me constantly advised of all occurrences. I am, etc.
Ps. You will make use of Baylors Dragoons if you have not
already taken them with you.
[H.S.P.]
Dr. Sir: The letter of which the inclosed is a copy was put into my hands a few days since. Mrs. Robinson is a perfect stranger to me and I would hope has been led into some misconceptions. I have however, as not only your own honor but that of the service is concerned thought it essential to send the whole representation.
Should you have been induced from any circumstances attending her capture, or the
Slaves own account, to suppose her lawful plunder at the time of taking, I have
no doubt, should this have been the case, but that on a more full consideration
you will readily make a restitution. I am, etc.
Sir: His Excellency has received Your favor of this
60. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
61. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
date and thanks You for the intelligence. Whether the fleet seen in the Sound standing to the Westward, has the Rhode Island Garrison on board or not, remains to be determined; The General as yet has received no other information on the subject.
His Excellency requests you will push on the Works at Verplanks and Stony points. In a few days, from what Governor Clinton has told him, he has hopes that Lt. Colo. Pawling with three Hundred Troops of the State, will be at the latter.
With respect to the movements of the Enemy in Jersey, our accounts are far from
being accurate. The best, however, is from Colonel Seely of the Jersey State
Regiment dated at 5 OClock P M Yesterday. By this it is said, the Enemy the day
before, landed a party at South Amboy, and at the same time about a 100 Horse at
Perth Amboy, the latter of which proceeded rapidly to Middle Brook, burnt
Rariton Meeting House and Sommerset Court House, and returned through Spotswood
to South Amboy. Colo Seely adds, that they were met in their Retreat by 13
Militia, who fired on them, killed some of their Horse, took their Commander (a
Lieutenant Colonl) and three more prisoners. If these things are true, and only
these, a pretty expedition on the part of Sir Harry this. I have the Honor,
&c.
64. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “R. H. Hsn Secy.”
Dr Sr: Since my letter of yesterday, I have received an Account (though it does not come well authenticated), that the enemy had destroyed the Forage at Middlebrook and were still in that quarter.
I wish you to move towards them as light and with as much expedition as possible.
The Virginia division under Lord Stirling and the Light Infantry under Genl.
Wayne with your own troops and the militia will give you a considerable body. I
leave it intirely to yourself to act either on the defensive or offensively
according to circumstances. I am, etc.
65. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Dear Sir: I recd. your favr. of the 27th. in due time. Before this reaches you, you will undoubtedly have heard that the enemy have returned to Staten Island. I think you may as well take post with the Infantry, for the present, in the neighbourhood of Paramus [incling towds. Kakeat], and draw your forage age as much as possible from the lower part of Bergen. You will be in a good situation to gain intelligence from New York. Should any thing of consequence come to your knowledge, I shall be obliged to you for communicating it. I am, etc.
[P.S. Hold yourself in readiness to move on towards Stony point, or this] post if
necessary. [some information just received may make it so.]
[H.S.P.]
Dr. Sir: I received your favor of the 27th. to O'Clock and that of the 28 of 4 O'Clock in the morning, with its
71. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. The words in brackets in the draft are in the writing of Washington and his spelling is followed.
inclosure from Col. Seely.
Provided the enemy have returned you will move back, and take a position between
Sufferans and Stoney-point. You will be pleased to give me proper notice of the
place you may choose for your incampment. I am, etc.
Sir: You will be pleased on receipt of this letter, to move with the militia
which may be collected at Claverack, to Albany, where they can be much better
accommodated. You will leave such orders when you march that such as have not
yet joined you may follow to Albany. And hold yourself in readiness to move on
the shortest notice. I am, &c.
Sir: I have been duly favored with your letter of
74. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
77. At Claverack, N. Y.
78. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
the 27th. and thank you for the intelligence it contains.
You will be pleased to send the packet addressed to Sir Henry Clinton by
flag.
Sir: In consequence of your alarming Letter of the 27th. I had determined to
dispatch an Express this Morning to Congress, with your representation of the
State of our flour, but have delayed doing it on the report of Mr.
Harrison
72. The packet to be sent in by flag was the one from Maj. Genl. William Phillips, forwarded by the Continental Board of Treasury.
73. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
75. Lieut. Col. Robert Hanson Harrison.
informed me that you expressed a wish that no measures might be taken in been required to augment the army, or any representation made that might tend to produce it; and that he understood you thought, from a more minute and accurate inquiry into matters, you could count upon supplying the whole army and militia for eleven or twelve days supposing them to be collected. It is very interesting to me and to the Public from a variety of considerations, which will readily occur to you, that I should know with certainty, the state of our Magazines and how far they will really extend. I therefore request that you will inform me to day, for what length of time you could with certainty furnish supplies, supposing our whole force including the Militia was to be drawn to a point, and what are your expectations of future supplies and of the contingencies on which they would depend and also of the causes which have produced those unexpected difficulties. There is a necessity for our knowing our difficulties ourselves; but they should be known to none else, except to the proper Public bodies.
I have been induced to change the position of the Massachusetts Militia assembled
and assembling at Claverack, to Albany to which place I have requested them to
move. I am, etc.
76. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade. From the original in the possession of Hon. James W. Wadsworth, of Geneseo, N. Y.
Gentn: I inclose you an Extract of a Letter of the 26th. which General Greene has
just received from Mr. Bowen D. Q. M. Genl, dated in New
port , announcing the evacuation of Rhode Island by the Enemy on Monday
night last. The intelligence is not to be doubted, altho by some means or
another it has happened, that I have not received any advices from Genl Gates
upon the subject, or a Letter from him since One of the 15th. of which I
transmitted you a Copy on the 21st.
By a private Letter which Mr. Laurens the late President was so obliging as to
write me on the 24th, he gave me the intelligence you will find in the Inclosure
No. 2, which is meant principally for your own satisfaction. I have the Honor,
etc.
82. In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. This letter is in the Alexander Hamilton Papers in the Library of
Congress.
Dear Sir: I have your favr. of the 28th. I send you by your dragoon a small
quantity of the counterpart, of which we must be as saving as possible. I have
heard nothing from Rhode Island, at which I am much surprised, especially if the
Vessels bound to the Westward had troops on board. General Howe does not seem to
think that, that matter was perfectly clear. I am, etc.
Dr. Sir: By a letter, which Genl. Greene received from Mr. Bowen a D. Q. M. G
dated New-port the 26th instant, it appears that on monday night last the enemy
evacuated Rhode Island and that Genl. Gates took possession of the place on
Tuesday morning. I have no doubt as to the truth of the event, altho' by some
accident or other I have not received the advice from Gen. Gates. I am,
&c.
83. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
88. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Sir: His Excellency has seen your Certificate of the Articles of bounty Cloathing
which have not been received by Randolph Bryant, late a Soldier in the 1st.
Battalion
I should suppose from the terms of the Resolution, that the Regimental Pay Mrs. are to have Money lodged in their hands to pay these demands; however as a general arrangement has not taken place yet upon the subject, if you can advance the Money due to Bryant for the Articles contained in your Certificate according to the prices fixed by the Cloathier General in his Estimate of the 6th. Ulto; it will be allowed in settling your Pay Masters account with the Auditors and Deputy Pay Master General. I am, &c.
84. Callender is addressed in the draft as paymaster, First North Carolina
Regiment. Heitman's Register gives him the rank of
lieutenant; as captain-lieutenant in March, 1780; taken prisoner at
Charleston, S.C., in May, 1780; exchanged in June, 1781; captain in May,
1780; retired in January, 1783.
85. In the Continental Army the terms “battalion” and “regiment were interchangeable.
86. Capt. Tilghman Dixon, of the First North Carolina Regiment. He was taken prisoner at Charleston, S.C., in May, 1780; exchanged in June, 1781; retired in January, 1783.
P.S. You will see the Resolution of Congress of the 16 August in the General Orders of the 29th. of the same Month.
Deficiency: 2 Hatts 1 Coat 1 Vest 1 pr Breeches 3 pr Stockings 1 Shirt 1 Blanket
1 pr Shoes
Sir: I have received Your Letter of the 26th. with the Inclosures to which it refers.
The measures you have taken with respect to the prisoners at the Eastward, appear to me right and proper. From the great latitude and indulgence which have been hitherto allowed, as well to those in that Quarter as in every Other, I am well persuaded we have lost Many and that it is our true interest in every point of view, to keep the prisoners well collected and under proper guards. This
87. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “Rob: H: Harrison, Secy.”
should be generally done, and your Deputies instructed to make exact and regular Monthly Returns of them. As to the removing the prisoners from Rutland, as there has been a considerable expense incurred in building Barracks there, and it has been deemed a suitable place, I think they ought not to be removed, unless the difficulty of supplying them make it necessary. In this case, I should have no objection, provided you were previously to consult with the Commissary General upon the occasion, and he should judge it adviseable, from a probability of their being supplied with more facility and less expensively in Pensylvania or Maryland. With respect to the distinction between State and Continental prisoners and the interference of Individual States in making exchanges, the inconveniences flowing from them as you mention, are exceedingly great and have been much felt. The Honourable the Board of War being sensible of this, transmitted me a plan of some regulations on the 28th. of August, which they proposed laying before Congress to produce a Remedy, or at least for preventing similar mischiefs, which appeared to me well calculated for the purpose and which I returned. The matter has not been decided on that I know of, and therefore I think it will be very proper for you to make a report to the Board on the subject, similar to the one you have made me. This might be accompanied by the proceedings
in the case, both of Captain Goodale
I cannot but express my surprise and disapprobation of Captain Goodale's conduct, and if I had obtained notice in time, I would most unquestionably have prevented his exchange. Your Letter gave me the first and the only information I have had on the subject.
As to the Enemy's demand of the immediate return of All Officers or persons admitted by them to parole, they had a right to make it, if they thought proper, and k only remains for you to publish it. And with respect to such Violators of their parole, as we deem Ourselves accountable for, it is my earnest request that you pursue every measure in your power to have them returned to captivity without delay. As to those who have not been considered as proper subjects of Military capture, You have nothing to do with them, as the Enemy have already been explicitly informed.
[From the just claim the Enemy have against us, on account of our Officers who have violated their paroles, we cannot but consent that the 14 Officers of Convention mentioned in the list referred to in Mr. Loring's Letter, should be considered as free from every Obligation of parole and to Act, but the Equivalent to be received for them must be governed
89. Capt. Nathan Goodale, of the Fifth Massachusetts Regiment.
90. William Goldson. He was a surgeon in the British Navy.
by the terms of your 1 and 2 propositions to the British Commissary, of which you transmitted me a Copy in your Letter of the 22d. September. The terms of these so far as they concern Violators of parole, will never be departed from, as they are perfectly just, and as the Enemy have no right to determine what prisoners we shall receive on Exchanges. And, that they may not have the least possible ground for Objection, you may add to those propositions, that while ever there remain with us any Officers, whom we consider Violators of their parole and ourselves accountable for, of the rank of these Convention Officers, we will not insist upon the release of any of our Officers in exchange for them. As to the Officers taken in the Eagle packet, you know how matters stand with respect to them and therefore an Answer should be avoided for the present, or One given which will decide nothing.]
I do not see that there can be any objection to the Enemy's having an Agent in
Philadelphia, on the footing Mr. Pintard resides in New York, provided he is a
Citizen. But as the point in any view must be determined by Congress, you will
report the Enemy's demand to them. I am, etc.
91. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. The instruction
within the brackets was later changed. (See Washington's letter to Maj. John
Beatty, Nov. 10, 1779, post.)
Sir: Be pleased to furnish me with an Abstract of the quantity of Cloathing at
present in store, and let me know whether you have information of any
considerable quantity being on the way from Springfield or Philada. I am,
&c.
Dear Sir: I have your favr. of the 28th. You will, previous to the receipt of
this, have received intelligence that the enemy have returned to Staten Island.
We have a very large and valuable collection of Forage under Newark Mountain,
which is much exposed, and which, from the late specimen, may be easily
destroyed by a light party. To cover this, you will be pleased to detach General
Maxwell with his Brigade, with orders to take a position in the neighbourhood of
West field, and to make the security of the Forage the particular object of his
attention.
92. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
94. “In consequence of your representation of the exposed state of the forage
along the mountain I have given orders to General Maxwells Brigade to take a
position for the present in the neighbourhood of Westfield.”— Washington to Rev. James Caldwell, Oct. 31, 1779.
This letter is in the Washington Papers.
Maxwell to keep the Officers and Men together and have all things in constant readiness for that purpose. I am, etc.
The troops while at Westfield will give every aid to the Forage Master.
Dr. Sir: I intended to inform you, but I am not sure that I did do it, that a
party of Militia would be put by Gov. Clinton (for the purpose of cutting wood
for the expedition below) between this and King's ferry. You will be pleased,
while at Fish-kill to make your arrangements with the Govr. or Col. Malcom
accordingly; furnish tools and give the necessary direction to the officer
commanding. I am, etc.
Sir: Agreeable to your request I have communi
95. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
93. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
cated to His Excy. the naked situation of the recruits in your Brigade. Baron De
Kalb was here yesterday on the same business and was informed that all cloathing
hereafter was to be drawn by the State Clothr. from the Clothr Genls. Store, who
would issue to the regimental Clothiers, and that shd no such Officer be yet
appointed by your State one from the division might do the duty for the present,
and draw on acct. This method may now be adopted, but I have to add, that the
Genl wishes if possible that the matter could be deferred, until the General
issue of Cloathing takes place. It however rests with you to do so or not. I am,
&c.
Sir: Major Benscotan
P.S. You will communicate the contents of this to Genl. Heath.
96. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “R. K. M., A. D. C.”
97. Of the New York State levies.
98. Maj. Elias van Benschoten (Bunchoten), jr,, of the New York levies.
99. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Sir: Major General Greene communicated to me on friday last a letter from Mr.
Bowen D. Q. M. G, giving an account of the total evacuation of Rhode Island, on
the night of the 25th. Ultimo. Not hearing from you on this event, I have
concluded that your express must have met with some accident.
I am anxious to learn the troops you are bringing on with you; or whether you have marched the State as well as Continental. You will be pleased when this meets you to dispatch a messenger for this purpose,
2. See Washington's letter to Maj. Gen. Horatio Gates, Nov. 2, 1779, post.
that I may know what measures to take on the occasion.
I observe by Mr. Bowens letter that the enemy have left a quantity of hay and some other articles of lesser value. As the hay in particular is of much importance, I make no doubt but that you have given the proper directions for its security.
We have very agreeable news of our Southern affairs. In the Philadelphia paper of
the 26th it appears that Col. Maitland
General Provost force was about 3000 and the allied troops amounted to above
9000. Our batteries of 38 heavy pieces of cannon, and 8 mortars would be in
readiness to open on the 2d or 3d of Octbr. and there was every appearance of
reducing the place in the course of five or six days. I congratulate you on this
pleasing and promising prospect, and am, etc.
[N.Y.H.S.]
Dear Sir: I have your favr. of yesterday. I am sorry to
3. Col. Alexander Maitland, of the Forty-ninth Foot, British Army.
4. In the writing of James McHenry.
hear of Colo. Russells
I have Capt. Cartwrights
P. S. When Men of the same State, not inlisted for the War, chuse to engage for
that term on condition of changing their Regiments, it has been invariably
allowed.
[M. S. H. S.]
Gentlemen: I have this day been favd. with yours
5. Col. Giles Russell, of the Eighth Connecticut Regiment. He died Oct. 28, 1779.
6. Lieut. Col. Commandant Isaac Sherman, of the Eighth Connecticut Regiment. He was transferred to the Fifth Connecticut Regiment in January, 1781, and retired in January, 1783.
7. Light Infantry.
8. Capt. Thomas Cartwright. He had been aide to Brig. Gen. William Heath up to March, 1779.
9. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
of the 26th. ulto. informing me of your removal to Great Egg Harbour. My letter of the 18th., which had not reached you, went, as you supposed, by way of Philada., and lest any accident may have happened to it, I inclose you a duplicate. Mine of the 30th. ulto., which went thro' Major Lee, informed you of the evacuation of Rhode Island: I have since recd. a letter of the 21st. last from my confidential correspondent in New York; he informs me that Rawdon's Corps, the 57th. and some of the Artillery, were then embarked, and it was said, and generally believed, that they were bound to Hallifax. That the Robust of 74 Guns had arrived the 20th. from Hallifax, and that a number of transports were taking in Water and Ballast. He gave me nothing further worth communicating. You will find by the letter of the 18th, that a provision of Fascines and Gabions was making and I shall give directions to the Qr. Mr. Genl. to provide a quantity of Sand Bags.
I am sorry to inform you of the death of Colo. La Radiere who died on Saturday
last.
P.S. Upon a presumption that Colo. Laurens will be on Board the fleet the
inclosed are sent to you.
10. Oct. 30, 1779.
11. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. The original letter is in the Alexander Hamilton Papers in the Library of
Congress. The inclosure mentioned in the P.S., in the writing of Robert
Hanson Harrison, was the latest intelligence from South Carolina. This is
filed with Washington's letter in the Alexander Hamilton
Papers.
Sir: I was yesterday favd. with yours of the 30th. by Captain Wool
The cover of the forage under the Mountain is to be the principal object of your attention, for which purpose, and as circumstances may require your moving again from thence at a moments warning, you will keep your Officers and Men together, and all things in the most perfect readiness. [If the Scotch plains, or any position thereabouts will afford a
12. Capt. Isaiah Wool, of the Second Continental Artillery. He resigned in August, 1780.
better, and more general cover to the forage than West-field, you may make
choice of it; the forage Master in that part of the County will be able to give
you the necessary information of the places where it principally lays; the State
Regiment will (I presume) continue at their present posts; I would not therefore
have any part of your Brigade moved down to Elizabeth Town or those places but
Posted in such a manner as best to answer the purposes above mentioned.]
Wherever this may meet you I would wish you to halt the Troops, and inform me
immediately of it, provided they can be tolerably well supplied with forage.
Your own Brigade, Alden's Regt. and the rifle corps will proceed as before
directed.
Dear Sir: I have recd. yours of yesterday inclosing Culpers Sens. and Junior's. I
send you a part, of the very small quantity of the stain which I have left, to
be forwarded to C — junr. as he says he is in want of it. He should be directed
to use it with the utmost frugality. I am, &c.
13. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman and Richard Kidder Meade. The parts in brackets are in the writing of Washington.
14. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
On November 1 Washington inclosed a duplicate of his letter to Du Portail and
Hamilton, of October 18, to Deputy Q. M. Gen. John Mitchell, requesting him “to
give it the utmost dispatch.” This letter is in the Washington Papers.
Sir: After my letter of yesterday was dispatched, I received your favor of the
27th. Ulto. from Major Armstrong
Altho your letter is silent upon the subject, I cannot doubt but you are on your march before
19. Maj. John Armstrong. He was aide-de-camp to General Gates.
this for Hartford with the Continental Troops at least, agreeable to the determination expressed in your letter of the 15th. Ulto. and to mine of the 22d in answer. Indeed I hoped the instant the Enemy had Embarked that you would have pushed the Troops on, and did not expect that they would have gone to the Island at all. Possibly you might have thought their going there for a day or two necessary for collecting and removing the Stores. If however by any means you should have deferred your march I am to request that you will begin it according to the plan settled between us in the course of our correspondence without a moments delay.
I gave you before, in consequence of what you said about Garrisoning the Island with Militia, my private opinion of the most, I thought, the State should do upon the occasion. I am still of the same opinion for the reasons I then suggested and as I view the post in the light of a Trap. I am, etc.
Ps. If by any possibility the Troops should not have left the Island when this comes to hand, perhaps the route thro Norwich will be more convenient for 'em to pursue and from thence along the Sound than that through Hartford. This however must be with you to determine from circumstances. Which ever way you proceed you will be pleased
to inform me by the earliest opportunity, that I may meet you with farther
directions.
[N.Y.H.S.]
Dr. Sir: I have your favor of this date before me. If the Waggon which Col. Armands party has taken was in the employ of the enemy with the consent of the owner it should be sold for the benefit of the captors. But if it was forced into service by the enemy it will be no more than a common act of justice to restore it to the proprietor. I thank you for the newspaper, and am, etc.
P.S. You will be pleased to take the first opportunity to send up the officer's
horse who made his escape from New-York; I promised to have this done.
Dr. Sir: I have been favored this morning with your letters of the 29th. Ulto. and the 1st instant.
20. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
21. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Should you be able to find a proper position nearer Stoney-point, you may adopt it in preference to the ground you now occupy.
General Heath who has moved down to the neighbourhood of Verplanks-point received
my instructions, [in your absence], relative to the works proposed to be erected
on Stoney-point; and Lt. Col. Pawling of the New-York State troops, with a party
of about 250 has been [sent to aid in] this business. As soon as you take your
new position you will be pleased to send to Stoney-point, parties to facilitate
the works, which I wish to be completed as soon as possible. You will continue
at the fascines as usual, or till further orders. I am, etc.
[N.Y.P.L.]
Gentlemen: Since mine of yesterday I have received another letter from my
confidential correspondent in New York dated the 29th. ulto. He informs me, that
the 57th. Regt. Rawdons Corps and the Artillery mentioned in his last, were to
sail on that day for Hallifax, and with them all the heavy ships of War except
the Europa. The Daphne Frigate, with Sir George Collier
22. In the writing of James McHenry. The words in brackets were inserted in the draft in pencil by Washington and afterwards inked over by McHenry.
23. Captain in the British Navy.
24. Lieut. Col. James(?) Stewart, of the First Foot Guards, British Army.
England the same day. He says the pilots reported that it was now difficult to
bring a Vessel into the Hook on account of the Hulks sunk there (By this it
would seem that some of them still remain upon the Shoals). He says that the
transports mentioned in his last, as taking in Water and Ballast, only carried
it down to the Ships at the Hook. The Rainbow of 40 Guns had arrived from
Hallifax. He informs me of no other circumstances that materially relate to
affairs at New York. He says that a packet arrived from England on the 23d.
October. The accounts brought by her seemed to alarm the tories very much. It
was reported that the Ardent of 64 Guns had been taken and the English fleet
chased into Portsmouth by the combined Fleet, which remained off that place
several days. He mentions these matters as current report and adds that a fleet
of Victuallers were to sail from Cork the latter end of Septemr. and another of
Store Ships and Merchantment
Dr. Sir: I have duly received your favor of the 1st. instant, with its
inclosures.
25. The draft has “Victuallers.”
26. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. This letter is in the Alexander Hamilton Papers in the Library of
Congress.
Washington inclosed this letter (November 2) to Deputy Quartermaster General
Mitchell, asking him to give it “the speediest conveyance.” This letter is
in the Washington Papers.
27. Tallmadge's letter of November 1, in the Washington
Papers, reported the plundering of Setauket by a party of
privateersmen. The boat which carried Culper's intelligence across the Sound
was chased by them. Tallmadge offered to capture the brigands and turn them
over to the New York State authorities.
bitants of Long-Island of which you complain, are in their very nature injurious
to our cause, and altogether unjustifiable. For these and other reasons I wish
to see them effectually restrained; and shall, to this end communicate the
recent instance you have mentioned to Governor Clinton and Governor Trumbull. I
make no doubt but the former will take the proper measures on this occasion to
punish the offenders, and prevent his subjects as far as in his power, from the
like practices in future. I am, &c.
Dear Sir: I have an account from New York that a fleet with two Regiments and a
detachment of Artillery was to sail on the 29th. ulto. for Hallifax accompanied
by all the heavy ships of War, except the Europa. The Daphne Frigate for England
was to sail at the same time. I mention these matters to you, that you may
compare them with your accounts from the shore. I have reason to believe, that
part of the Hulks yet remain sunk, it would be well to endeavour to be informed
of this with a degree of certainty, lest the Count, should he arrive, might be
led into danger by supposing the channel clear. I am, &c.
28. From a photostat of the original kindly furnished by Judge E. A. Armstrong, of Princeton, N. J.
29. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: I am informed that very little of the uniform clothing has as yet got to the place of distribution. The advanced season of the year makes it absolutely necessary to employ such further measures as you may judge effectual to facilitate its arrival.
There are at present a number of matters which claim your personal attention at
camp. Besides the general distribution which should take place as soon as
possible the pressing wants of the army call for an equal division of such
blankets, shoes &c. as are now in store. These and other objects of your
department which will occur to yourself render your immediate presence here
indispensible. I shall expect you after receipt of this letter, and am,
&c.
32. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Sir: As His Excellency would wish to have the several matters required by the Engineers prepared, notwithstanding we are under no certainty of an operation, he desires you will give orders to have one thousand or fifteen hundred sand Bags, of proper materials, put in hand. They are to be 15 or 18 Inches long and 12 Inches wide. Should any intelligence arrive, which will make the Bags unnecessary, you shall have immediate notice.
His Excellency also desires you to enquire of Colo. Biddle,
Dr. Sir: That there may be a proper chain formd and
39. Col. Clement Biddle.
40. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “T. Tilghman.”
the Troops within supporting distance of each other, I could wish you to advance those under your Command beyond Conklin's along the upper road to Kings ferry. They will then be near the division Commanded by Lord Stirling or Genl. Woodford. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: I have received information of the Guards (and some add other Troops)
advancing to Kings-bridge. This, though on the contrary side of the River, is in
the vicinity of your Camp. Boats hid at Spiten devil and which can be brought up
Harlaem River may under cover of Night land Troops at the Slote, Nyack, or the
Hook
43. Powles(?) Hook. Wayne was encamped near Paramus, N. J., in Bergen County.
44. The letter sent, in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade, is in the Pennsylvania Historical Society.
Dr. Sir: If you have not already made choice of some spot for an Incampment, The neighbourhood of Haverstraw forge, upon the upper road leading from Stony point to Suffrans appears to me to be most proper. Three four or 5 Miles from the point may not be amiss.
Let your state Cloathier come up for a proportion of what Blankets are in Store. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: The uncommon severity of the Season makes it necessary that the Blankets should be delivered before the general distribution of other Cloathing. It is uncertain when Mr. Wilkinson will be here, and as you cannot yet be supposed to have a sufficient insight into the Business, to proceed to a distribution without having some previous information, His Excellency wishes you to come down to Head Quarters where you will receive some
45. Assistant Clothier General.
general instructions. The Blankets are of a variety of sizes, for which reason, His Excellency desires you to have them sorted, and an account taken of the number of each size. I am, etc.
P.S. Be pleased, if possible, to bring down the particular account of the
Blankets with you?
Dr. Sir: I have received your favor of the 4th with its inclosure sure from Governor Livingston dated the 2d, relative to the enemy's preparations on Staten Island.
Should your subsequent information look like a serious intention of invading the State, it may be proper to move to Pompton, and hold yourself in readiness to act agreeable to circumstances. The large collections of forage have no doubt attracted their notice, and its destruction may be a principal object with the enemy.
I shall give directions to General Wayne to move towards Acquakanac; who will unite his force upon your information should it become necessary. I am, etc.
46. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “T. Tilghman.”
P.S. Should you receive any intelligence which you may think proper to transmit,
let your Express come by the Virginia encampment and by Clements
[N.H.H.S.]
Sir: I have ordered Lt. Col. Washington to West field with his cavalry you will be pleased to assign him such a position as you may judge best for the purpose of covering the forage. I am, etc.
P. S. In consequence of intelligence received from Gov. Livingston, respecting
preparations of the enemy on Staten Island, I have directed Gen. Wayne to move
to Acquackanac and Gen. Sullivan to act according to circumstances.
Dr Sir: I received your favor of the 3d Instant this morning, and, agreeable to your recommendation, I have appointed Major Scott in this day's Orders, Brigade Major
70. Near Fort Montgomery in the Highlands.
71. In the writing of James McHenry. The draft, in the Washington Papers, also by McHenry, is dated Nov. 5, 1779.
53. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
and Inspector to your Brigade. As to your request with respect to Captain Fogg, I have to inform you, that no Resolution of Congress that has come to my knowledge, authorizes me to make such appointment of him as you wish, and of consequence I have no power to approve it. I think however, that such appointments are necessary, but Congress, though the matter has been in contemplation a long time, have never decided upon it, or at least that I know of, I will take occasion to mention it to them the first time I write.
I shall be happy to accommodate the Brigade whenever in my power in every
instance. At present however it is necessary that it should remain where it is.
I am, &c.
Dear Sir: I have your favr. of yesterday. I can hardly suppose that a total
evacuation of New York can be in contemplation at this time; but it is not
improbable that they may endeavour to throw a Body of troops over to the West
Indies, and the preparations you observed and have heard of may be for that
purpose. However, be it a partial or total embarkation, a very little time must
discover it. I am, &c.
[H.S.P.]
54. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
59. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: Since mine of this morning, I have seen a letter from Governor
Livingston to Genl. Sullivan of the 2d. in which he mentions the enemy's having
assembled on Staten Island in force, and from their preparation of Boats another
incursion was apprehended. I imagine the Governors information is the same as
that communicated to you by Colo. Seely, but as I would not wish to be behind
hand with them in preparation, I think you may as well move down with the
Infantry to Acquaquenack or that neighbourhood, keep up a correspondence with
General Maxwell who is at Westfield, and should the enemy come over, take the
speediest method of cooperating with him, and with the troops under General
Sullivan who will fall down to Pompton should there be occasion. You will
correspond with him likewise. I have directed Colo. Washington to move with
Baylors Regt. to Westfield,
[H.S.P.]
55. On November 5 (first written 6 and then changed to 5) Washington ordered
Lieut. Col. William Washington to proceed to Westfield with his cavalry.
“General Maxfield, will give you your further instructions.” This letter is
in the Washington Papers.
56. The draft reads “to join you immediately.”
57. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: I have your favr. of the 4th. Shoes for the Massachusetts Line must be drawn by the State Cloathier or his Assistant for the Line at large and distributed according to their wants. If he will apply, he may have an order upon the Cloathier General for a proportion of the public Stock, which is at present scanty.
I have no power to give Colo. Hazen authority to inlist the troops of any State
before their term of service is expired. Such an attempt would, I am convinced,
create much discontent. I am, etc.
[MS.H.S.]
64. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: Colo. Hazen having represented the services of Captain Louis and the Indians
of his tribe in a very favorable light, I have transmitted a memorial to
Congress in their behalf and have recommended it to them to take them into our
service and establish some regular pay for them. Till the pleasure of Congress
be known I am to desire you to furnish these Indians with provision from the
public Magazines. I am, etc.
Sir: I have your favr. without date. I have written to Congress and inclosed your Memorial respecting Capt. Joseph Louis Gill to them. Untill I obtain their answer, I have, by the inclosed given General Bayley directions to supply the Indians with provision. Inclosed you have a Warrant for 100 Dollars in your favr. which sum your paymaster may
65. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
give to Captain Louis and receive from the Military Chest upon the Warrant the first time he has occasion to transact any Business with the pay Mast. General.
I will inform the Qr. Mr. Genl. of what you say respecting the practicability of
laying up forage at Coos. I am, etc.
69. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dr. Sir: I am commanded by his Excellency who set out this morning to visit some of the army below, to request that you will take the necessary steps to provide and lay up, at different places, the forage from Fort Charles or number 4 on the Connecticut river, as high as Co'os inclusive. The General said what he had principally in view was the grain.
His Excellency has also to request your particular attention to the establishment
of magazines of the forage on the North River and Albany. I am, etc.
72. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “James McHenry.”
Sir: I rode down to this place that I might be in the way, should the enemy, by their preparations upon Staten Island, seem to threaten any thing serious. But having heard nothing further to make me believe that they intend to come over in any considerable force, I shall return part of the way to West point this Evening. Should they make any move towards you, you will give instant notice to General Wayne, who will be in the neighbourhood of Acquacanack, And to General Sullivan at this place.
From a variety of circumstances, but particularly for want of Water to grind, we
are like to be for a while exceedingly distressed for Flour. I would therefore
wish you to put the troops under your command to an allowance, for the present,
of three quarters of a pound pr. day and make an equivalent in meat, which they
can easily barter for Vegetables, which will be a good substitute for the short
allowance of Bread. I hope the necessity of this measure will not be of long
duration, as the Commy. assures me the want of Water is the principal
difficulty. I am, &c.
74. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: I rode down to this place to see General Sullivan and to be in the
way.…
Should the enemy move towards you, you will be pleased to give Genl. Sullivan, who is here, the earliest notice. I imagine your present position is such, that by quick intelligence, you would be near enough to fall upon the Rear of the Enemy should they attempt Westfield or Springfield, but if you think a
75. The omitted portion is the same as that in Washington's letter to Brig.
Gen. William Maxwell, Nov. 9, 1779, q. v.
position somewhat lower down, (keeping under the mountain,) would be preferable,
you may take it. In this you will be governed by the advices you receive of the
situation of things upon Staten Island. I am, etc.
[H.S.P.]
Dr Sir: I hope His Excellency will be at Home to day. Our circumstances with
respect to provision, as transmitted on Monday, would alarm him exceedingly, and
he will be very anxious to know the instant he arrives, whether they are better
now. Pray inform me by the Return of the Express, whom I have sent on purpose,
whether you have received any and what sup plies, and whether you have prospects
of any in the course of a day or two. I am &c.
Sir: I have received Your Letter of the 8th. Instant with the
76. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
On November 10 Washington wrote again to Wayne: “Yours of yesterday morning reached me here just as I was getting on Horseback, the Express having gone round by King's ferry. Mine of yesterday gave you liberty to move lower down if necessary, keeping to the Mountain.” This letter is in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
80. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “R: H: Harrison.”
Inclosures. You will consider the following as the Sixth paragraph of my Letter
of Instruction to you of the 30th. Ulto. instead of the one it contains, and
govern yourself by it in your answer to Mr. Loring, with respect to his demand
on account of Violators of parole.
In this view, You will inform Mr. Loring that you are pursuing every means in
your power to return the Officers for whom we consider ourselves accountable, as
Violators of their parole; and in the mean time, if agreeable to Sir Henry
Clinton, we will send in on parole as many of their Officers of the same rank,
prisoners to us, counting upon those of their rank already in their hands in
part, as these Violators of parole amount to; and that at any time when a
Violator of parole is returned, they may make the release of any one of their
Officers of his rank absolute and final, by sending out another of ours of the
same rank, who stands first in order of captivity, in exchange for him. And you
may farther inform him that the moment we are so happy as to conclude upon a
plan for a general exchange, which we have ever been willing to make and still
are, on terms of equality and mutual advantage, that the whole of those
Violators of parole or such part of them as shall not have returned or been
exchanged shall be finally accounted for. I am, etc.
77. At this point the draft has the following crossed off: “The Enemy have certainly a claim to satisfaction for the Officers belonging to us, who have violated their paroles. We ought either to return them or account for them, by releasing an equal number of theirs, prisoners to us; and this is perfectly consonant to the ideas and direction of Congress, as expressed in their act of the 28th. of January. Their claim being just, I would wish you to attend to it immediately. It cannot be too soon taken up, as their Commissary in his late correspondence with you on the 12th. Ulto. has made the satisfaction of it, a preliminary point to all farther Negociations on the subject of Exchanges. In this view you will inform Mr. Loring, that we are willing to release from every obligation of parole, a like number of their Officers, upon the principle of equality of rank, on receiving their previous assurance, that whenver we send in a Violator of parole, Another of our Officers of similar rank, and who stands first in order of captivity, shall be immediately returned, as finally exchanged. These terms are so just, with respect to the Enemy, that they themselves cannot object to them, and they will never be departed from by us, as they have no right to determine what prisoners we shall receive in exchanges, if those we demand fall within the principles of enchanges subsisting between us. Equality of rank is the only Rule which has hitherto been established between us in exchanges, and therefore should there remain any Violators of parole to be accounted for, where it cannot apply, the claim with respect to those and of necessity continue, till some equitable mode of composition can be agreed on.”
78. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
Gentn: Being absent from Head Qrs. on a visit to several Out posts of the Army, when your favor of the 2d. Instant ar rived and not returning till last night, it was not in my power to answer it before.
I am precisely in the predicament you are, with respect to the Count, his intentions or Ultimate operations, I have not heard a single syllable about either since your departure, except what was transmitted in my Letter of the 30th. Ulto; a similar account to which you will have seen in the public prints. From this circumstance and the lateness of the season, I do not expect myself that he will arrive in this quarter, or if he should, that the Enterprise which was proposed, could now be prosecuted. It is too late to begin it. However, as I received my advices from Congress, of the Count's intention to cooperate, and considered myself as bound by their direction to prepare for it. I have not thought myself at liberty to desist from my preparations, or to fix upon a day when they should cease. I have written to them to day upon the subject, stating the uncertainty I am under with respect to His Excellency's coming, the great expense which must necessarily attend the continuing of our measures for a cooperation; and the
difficulties, supposing it undertaken, from the advanced season, and requested
their earliest decision as to the part I am to pursue. I have also requested the
favour of General Schuyler, who is at Congress, to transmit you the Result of
their deliberations, upon the occasion, as soon as they are ended; by which you
will be pleased to govern yourselves, either as to your returning or remaining,
as their decision may point. In the mean time, You will withhold, all my
dispatches to the Count, even if he should arrive, till you receive their
Answer, and endeavour to recover such as may have been lodged by You or Others,
along the Coast towards the Capes of Delaware. I have written to Major Lee, with
respect to the Letters in his hands.
When you have received the determination of Congress, if it is against a
Cooperation, it will be necessary for you to recall the pilots, except such a
number as may be thought material, for general purposes, in case of the Count's
arrival for the security of his Fleet and such as were employed here or
immediately in consequence of any of my Letters, you will desire to send in
their Accounts. I have the Honor, etc.
81. On November 11 Washington wrote also to Major Lee: “You will withhold the
dispatches in your hands for Count D'Estaing, till you hear farther from me,
even if he should arrive.” This letter is in the Washington Papers.
82. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
Dear Sir: Your several favors came to hand yesterday while I was absent.
Edwards
Be pleased to acquaint Col. Armand of my approbation of his behavior, and return
him my thanks for the good conduct of his enterprize against the Majr.
Bearmore.
On my way to Pompton, I was met at Ramapough by Golding, one of the persons
mentioned by you. He had a pass from General Hogun who commands at Philada. and
came up with a request, that he might be discharged from Colo. Nichola's
83. Josiah Edwards's petition, dated Nov. 9, 1779, is in the Washington Papers.
84. At this point the draft in the Washington Papers
has: “in the Corps of Horse.”
85. Maj. Mansfield Barrymore (Baremore), of the Westchester County (N.Y.)
Loyalist Militia. Colonel Armand's letter describing his raid is in the Washington Papers under date of Nov. 8, 1779.
86. Col. Lewis Nicola.
signified my approbation of this, and he re turned immediately to Philada. He says he married a Woman of some property there, and produced Deeds for real Estates, which he has acquired in consequence of his marriage and some dealings in trade.
I think you had best, in answer to Mr. Sargent,
87. Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant, attorney general of Pennsylvania.
88. Maj. Gen. William Heath's letter of November 10, describing the Golding
and Gaffney matter, is in the Washington Papers.
89. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: Captain Bush will deliver you 20,000 dollars on Acct. of the Gratuity of 100 dollars each allowed by Congress to those Men who were enlisted for the War previous to 23d. Jany. last inclosed you have the form of the Receipt to be taken. I suppose the general tenor of the enlistments of the Men of the 11th. Regt. will be Three Years or during the War. This was the case throughout the Penna. line, but the Men were told that as the term of inlistment was not fully ascertained they would not be discharged at the expiration of three years; but in consideration of their having recd. a small Bounty, Congress had been pleased to al
90. Commanding the Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiment.
low them a Gratuity of 100 dollars. I am, etc.
Dr. Sir: I have no objection to your employing the Canadians in the manner you
propose,
91. The draft is in the writing of George Augustine Washington.
92. Hay's letter making these requests dated Nov. 6, 1779, is in the Washington Papers.
93. On November 11 James McHenry wrote to John Beatty, by direction of
Washington, authorizing delivery of the prisoners to Hay. McHenry's letter is in
the Washington Papers.
94. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Dr. Sir: From present appearances and the season of the year, there is little reason to believe that a co-operation with the French Admiral can possibly take place. In consequence of this opinion, and to avoid, as much as possible, a further increase of expense, I have to request you to suspend such of your arrangements as were designed for this purpose; and which, unless this event were to take place, will be unnecessary. I reckon among these particularly the business
on which Colonel Stevens has been ordered. In your measures on this subject, which I wish to be immediate, altho' you stop the preparations you will do it in such a manner as to preserve the idea for which they were undertaken.
I need not observe to you the expediency of still preserving appearances till the
determination of Congress is known, to whom I have written on the subject. I am,
etc.
Sir: I have been favored with your letter of the 8th. advising me of your march to Hartford, and that you expected the whole would reach that place to-day.
You will be pleased to proceed by such a route, as you may judge the most eligible and direct to Peek-kill or Kings-ferry. And if it is your opinion, that Col. Greenes Regiment can be usefully employed in the State of Rhode-Island, you may give orders for its return.
We are still uninformed (officially) of the operations to the Southward, or the prospect of their final event. I am, &c.
96. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry. The original, sold in 1892, had, in addition to the above text, the following: “Genl., Greene desires that the person who goes to Col. Stevens may call upon him.”
P.S. You will give directions for the Parke and Stores be longing to it, to move
to Springfield; and for the artillery men to join the army.
[N.Y.H. S.]
Dr. Sir: If you yet have nothing more than conjecture for the enemys discent in jersey I beg you will order the 7th. Massachusetts Regimt. (late Aldens) immediately to join Pattersons Brigade at this place. And Majr. Parr to comply strictly with the Inclosed order (which Issued the 7th. Instt.). They may, as the nearest and best way, take the Rout by Kings-ferry. The Baggage of the Regiment may, from thence, come up by Water.
I cannot avoid expressing much surprize, concern, and displeasure at Colo. Barbers inattention to the returns of the Troops under your Command. I have not had a return of them since the middle of July, and the Adjutt. Genl. informs me that he can neither get returns nor answers to his letters when they are applied for. This is not consistent with the punctuality and usual good conduct of Colo. Barber nor with my prepossessions in his favour; and I wish you to speak to him according
97. In the writing of James McHenry.
ly. For essential purposes I want these returns immediately. I am, etc.
P.S. Col. Scammell informs me that he has regularly furnished the troops under
your command with such general orders as respected their notice. I inclose
however that of the 6th of Septr. and request it may be immediately attended to,
as without this we cannot proceed in a distribution which our wants
Dear Sir: Being absent on a tour to the several detachments of the Army when your letter of the 6th. was brought to my quarters, it has not been in my power to give answers to such parts of the representation as immediately required it till now. I am fully satisfied of the justice of most of your remarks, and wish it was as much in my power as it is my inclination to remove the difficulties you have pointed out.
The discontinuance of the Works at this post, in a great measure, was necessarily occasioned by a prospect of cooperation with the
98. In the draft, at this point, is the following: “and the Season of the Year.”
99. The letter sent, which is in the writing of James McHenry, is in the New Hampshire Historical Society. The postscript to the draft is in the writing of McHenry.
french Fleet, which obliged us to take off the Artificers and to apply the Boards and Timber intended for the Works and Barracks to the Boats. As these preparations were commenced by order of Congress, I do not think myself at liberty to discontinue them intirely without their approbation. But I shall do it so far as to enable a considerable part of the Carpenters to return again to work at the post, and I am not without hopes the Residue of the covering necessary for the Garrison may be compleated in time.
General du portails Idea of the position of the Barracks is conformable to mine, and I would wish to have them constructed as near as may be agreeable to the plan pointed out in his Report. The finishing of those which are already erected, and the building of those recommended to be in and near Fort Arnold are the principal and indeed the only ones that will take much time or labor. The Bomb proofs in the smaller Works will in general cover the Men necessary to be stationed in them. I shall direct the Quarter Mast. Genl. to give every assistance in procuring the Boards and materials necessary for the above purposes as expeditiously as possible.
The uncommon consumption of Forage in this quarter was the natural consequence of being obliged to keep the whole Army in the Vicinity of these posts while the intentions of the enemy were so evidently pointed against them.
The enemy having concentered their whole force makes it rather difficult to fix upon a line of Winter Cantonments that will answer the double purposes of security and subsistence. You are sufficiently acquainted with our circumstances to know that these two points militate strongly against each other. The uncertainty of an operation in conjunction with the French Fleet (altho' the advanced State of the Season renders it next to impossible) is another reason which induces me to keep the Army in its present position. I expect hourly to be releived from this embarrassment, and I shall then take instantaneous measures for making a disposition for Winter Quarters. I very well know that a supply of Forage will be difficult at this post, and so it will be wherever the Bulk of the Army shall sit down. We must on this account divest ourselves of every horse not absolutely necessary and endeavour to lengthen out our scanty pittance by œconomy.
Untill I have made a general arrangement I cannot ascertain the Corps which will compose the Garrison this Winter, but as I told you upon a former application, I think those which compose the present Garrison will probably be a part of those which will remain for the Winter.
Colo. Kosiusko mentioned the matter respecting the Chain a day or two before your letter came to hand. I then informed him that it might be taken up whenever you thought the appearance of the Weather required it. I only wished it might remain down, as long as possible consistent with its safety.
It is my earnest desire that a supply of Wood may be got into the Garrison as
speedily as possible, and it lays with Colonel Hay to make use of any means of
transportation that may appear to him most eligible. If he will mention the
number of Men necessary for the Boats I will
From an expression in your letter I am induced to believe that possibly a relief
from the command of this post and its dependencies may be agreeable to you. It
is my wish to accommodate the services of every officer to the calls of his
private Affairs and of his inclinations, whenever circumstances will admit. Upon
revolving the arrangements for the Winter in my own mind, I find, that you may
be relieved, and assume another command, which I imagine will be full as
agreeable to you, and which will obviate some difficulties, that would have
attended your remaining. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: I have recd. your favr. of the 10th. Inst. by
1. The draft at this point has “endeavour to.”
2. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. From a photostat kindly furnished by Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach, of New York City.
Major Moore.
I have directed two Lieutenant Colonels to be nominated to me to fill the
vacancies in Colonel Febiger's and Meiggs's Regiments. Major Hulls
If you will send up the Quarter Master of the Corps or the person who has usually
drawn supplies for them, he can have the shoes wanting. A general distribution
of the other species of Cloathing will be shortly made. I am, &c.
[H.S.P.]
Sir: I have received your favr. of yesterday. As I do not know whether it is the intent of Congress to keep up the Regiments of Horse to their full establishment, I should not think myself authorized to appoint a full Corps of Officers. But if you can find three or four Gentlemen well recom
4. Maj. Thomas Lloyd Moore, of the Ninth Pennsylvania Regiment.
5. Capt. John Archer.
6. Maj. William Hull.
7. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
mended, and who you have reason to believe will have influence in recruiting, you
may nominate them, and I will recommend them to Congress for Commissions, as I
have no power to confirm them without their concurrence. I am, etc.
Sir: I have recd. your favr. of the 11th. and am obliged by the intelligence it
contains. Should you obtain a confirmation be pleased to inform me and of the
time which the fleet sails. Should the other embarkation which you mention take
place, I shall be obliged to you for endeavouring to know of what Corps it is
composed. I am, &c.
Dear Sir: As part of the Army must, at any rate,
8. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
3. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
leave this post in a very short time, His Excellency would wish to have the Works
upon each side of King's ferry compleated before we change the present position.
He desires me to give you this notice, that you may take every possible measure
for finishing them. I am, etc.
Sir: I wrote to you on the 13th. desiring you to continue your march to Peekskill or Kings Ferry. We have since that time recd. advices of a disagreeable nature from the Southward. The following is the best account which I have been able to obtain from Major Clarkson, and which I give you for your private satisfaction only, as perhaps the official account may be some what different. Much more time having been spent in the Seige of Savannah (where it seems the enemy had secured themselves by strong fortifications) than was at first expected, and there being no certainty of reducing them in a short time by regular approaches, it was agreed to attempt the place by storm on the 9th. ulto. the attack was accordingly made by the allied troops, who were repulsed; in consequence of which the Seige was raised, having previously brought off all the Cannon and Stores.
10. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “T. Tilghman.”
The Count has been obliged, I imagine from his engagements in another quarter
(for I have not the particulars) to leave the Coast of Georgia. It now remains
to put the Army in such a chain of winter Cantonments as will give security to
these posts, and to take a position with the remainder which will afford Forage
and Subsistence, and which will at the same time pre serve us from the insults
of the collected force of the enemy; these several matters are now in
contemplation, and until they are determined, you will be pleased to halt the
troops at Dan bury. Should they have passed that place before this reaches you,
you will halt them on the most convenient Ground, till you hear further from me.
I am, &c.
[N.Y.H.S.]
Dear Sir: I was from home yesterday when yours of the 14th. came to hand. I have no doubt but you are sufficiently distressed for forage in your quarter as we are in this. All prospect of our expected co operation being at an end I purpose to move the Troops towards their places of Winter Cantonments as speedily as possible, with this view you will be pleased to throw the two Connecticut Brigades with their horses, Waggons, Tents
13. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
and baggage across the river as expeditiously as possible and let them encamp as near to Stoney Point as they can find good ground, Wood and Water.
It is my wish to indulge the officers with an opportunity of Visiting their Friends and Families between this and the next campaign as far as the service will possibly admit of it. I would therefore desire them to settle the matter of priority of furlough among themselves, and I must request you in granting them, to observe the following rule strictly: One Field officer to remain with every regiment and if possible two, and as many Captains and Subs as are sufficienct to do the regimental duty and take care of the Companies. The times of furlough must be such as will enable those who do not go at first, to have a reasonable time after the return of those who will go at present.
I observe many of the Left Wing returned wanting Cloaths, which I suppose to be principally Shoes. The State Cloathiers of those Lines wanting them, ought to apply if they have not already done it.
I am so exceedingly anxious to have the works at Kings ferry completed, before the Army goes into Quarters, that I wish you would increase the number of fatigue to the utmost. I am, &c.
P.S. I have barely heard that the allied troops were repulsed in an attempt upon the Enemy at Savannah. The seige was
raised and Cannon and Stores brought off. I have not the particulars and would
not wish this to be communicated officially.
[MS. H. S.]
Sir: The operations at the Southward having employed his Excellency Count
D'Estaing much longer than was hoped, and brought us to a season too far
advanced for commencing Any in this Quarter, of an extensive nature, with a good
prospect of success, even if some other unfavourable accidents had not occurred
to render it still more unadviseable, I take the earliest occasion to inform you
by Express, both from a desire of accomodating the Militia and of saving the
public expense; that their services for the present will not be required, and
that they are at liberty to return to their Homes. You will be pleased to have
the Regimental Pay Rolls made out as early as possible and properly signed and
certified and presented to Mr. Reed,
17. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade; the P.S. is in that of Tench Tilghman.
18. Thomas Reed, Assistant Paymaster General.
Washington wrote, this same day (November 16), to Reed that a mustermaster
had been ordered to attend these troops “and you will require the usual and
necessary Certificates to the Abstracts. I inclose a Copy of an Act of
Congress of the 9th Ulto on the subject of subsistence, as I apprehended
that you might not have received it, which may be necessary for your
government.” This letter is in the Washington
Papers.
my warmest thanks to you and the whole of the Officers and Men of the Militia
under your command for the great activity and Zeal manifested in turning out
upon this occasion. I am, etc.
Sir: I have recd. yours of the 13th. You will be pleased to forward the inclosed to Governor Livingston. Should there be occasion to act, the State Regt. and Militia will undoubtedly be under the command of you or the eldest continental Officer who may be upon the spot. The Men taken on board the Vessel who were deserters from the Brigade are unquestionably to be tried as deserters found in Arms with the Enemy.
I have recd. an account of our repulse in Georgia, but not the particulars. I am,
&c.
19. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
20. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: As we shall not immediately want the fascines &c. you will therefore
give orders to have such as are cut secured in as safe a situation as possible
and desist from the cutting of more. You will also be pleased to inform Majr.
Mournan
Dear Sir: The prospect of a cooperation with His Excellency Count D'Estaing in this quarter being at an end for this Year. It is my wish as soon as possible to prevent a farther accumulation of expense to the public by detaining the Militia in service; and as it is my desire that they should be paid as soon as it can be effected. I request that some Officer in your department may proceed immediately to Albany and Muster those from the Massachusetts State assembled there. The Officer who goes on the business cannot be too expeditious in setting out and in completing
21. Maj. Jean Bernard de Murnans.
22. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
it. He will keep an account and vouchers for his reasonable Expenses which shall
be paid. I write to the Officer who commands these Militia to day, that there
will be no farther occasion for him. I am, etc.
23. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
Sir: Your Letter of the 15th. came to hand this Morning. My answer to that of the 8th. was somewhat delayed by reason of my absence on a tour to the advanced Posts of the army wch. threw a good many letters in my way on my return but being dispatched on the 13th. it must have reached you soon after the date of yours of the 15th.
All prospect of a co-operation with the French-fleet ceasing, and the enemy having their whole force at New-York and its immediate dependances, without any appearances, at this time, of detaching more than four thousand Men (which is but equal to the Garrison at Rhode Island, or the Reinforcements under the convoy of Adl. Arbuthnot and Sir Andw. Hammond) I am obliged to make my disposition for the Winter with an eye to this circumstance and the abilities of the Quarter Master, For age Master, and Commy. to support us in provision, forage, and the transportation of them to the places of Cantonment.
Accordingly, the following is the arrangement I have made, as best in my judgment to cover the Country, secure this
important post, and to guard the main Army from insult in its winter quarters, at the same time that it is placed in the best situation for obtaining the necessary supplies.
Moylan's
Sheldons
Baylors
Poors Brigade, at Danbury.
1st. 2d. 3d. and 4th. Massachusetts Brigades at West Point, Kings ferry, and Continental Village. from these Brigades a light party of 3 or 400 Men (to be relieved once a fortnight) is to be advanced with a small Party of horse towards Kings bridge, to covr. the Ctry.
A Small Corps at the entrance of Smiths Clove above Suffrans.
Lee's Partizan Corps with some light Troops to attend to the Monmouth Shore.
The Heavy Artillery at Easton, the light Parke at Morristown or Pluckamin.
The Main Army (from whence detachments for a fortnight will be made towards the No. River and Staten Island) will lay on the heights some where back of the Scots plain.
I have been thus particular because it is my intention to offer you the Command on the North river in
wch. will be included Poors Brigade and the Horse in Connecticut if you should incline to accept this rather than a Command in the Main Army.
To save the Marching of Troops, I should have stopped the Regiments from Rhode Island at Danbury, and continued Poors where it now is, but there are some reasons favouring his going that way but the one which operates strongest, is the desire of having the Regiments with you which have not yet undergone the designed arrangements of Congress near head Qers, that they may be effected with more ease in the course of the Winter; but you will, as mentioned in my last, halt these Troops at Danbury till further Orders, as I would not wish to draw them further till some other movements are made and poors B: ready to take their place. It will not be necessary however for you to remain there with them, but to come forward to this Post, or to the Army, if it should have left it is your choice shall happen to be.
[The four Brigades of Massachusetts, like those of the States in general will suffer a considerable diminution in the course of the Winter. We are now verging fast towards the end of the three years, for which a great part of the Army was inlisted. Every day almost between this and Spring will decrease our Force.] I am, etc.
P.S. Yours of the 16th. is come to hand.
Dr. Sir: Provided Gen. Greene may have occasion for any parties to assist in
making the necessary arrangements for our Winter quarters, you will be pleased
to give orders for such a number as he may apply for from Genl. Clintons or
Hands Brigades. Or should Gen. Greene find any advantage from these two Brigades
moving to the ground which may be allotted for their quarters you will give them
instructions for this purpose. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: The following present themselves to me as the most material general directions necessary for you in laying out the intended encampment.
The Brigades to stand in the following order from the Right, if in one line
24. The letter sent, in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison, is in the New York Historical Society and differs in minor verbal particulars from this autograph draft. The part in brackets in the draft is in the writing of Harrison, and the P.S., in both the draft and the letter sent, is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
25. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Woodfords, Muhlenbergs, Smallwood, Gist, Irvine, Johnson, Maxwell, Clinton, Hand, Starke, Parsons, Huntington.
If the encampment is in two lines, and eight Brigades in the first, they will be: Virginia, Maryland, Hand, Starke, Connecticut. The pennsylvanian's, Maxwell and Clinton the 2d.: If the Ground should more conveniently suit two lines of six Brigades in each. The Virginians, Maryland and Connecticut will compose the first line, and Pennsylva., Maxwell, Clinton, Hand and Stark the second, to be placed as they are named from the Right. If the situation of the ground will admit of neither of the foregoing Regulations, you must govern yourself by circumstances; Wood, Water and a view to defence, being principally to be considered.
The lines to be exactly traced out for arranging the Huts, allowing full room for Officers and Soldiers Barracks. The Quarter Masters or Superintendants are pointedly to attend
to the limits of the Ground laid off for their respective Brigades.
The dimensions of the Soldiers Barracks to be given out and not departed from in the least particular, under pain of having those pulled down which differ from the Model. I think the form of the Penna. Hurts and mode of placing them at Rariton last Winter, may be establised as a Model.
By the inclosed to Genl. Sullivan you will find directions to him to furnish the number of fatigue Men, necessary for tracing the Camp, from Clintons and Hands Brigades, or should you be of opinion that any advantages will result from those two Brigades moving totally down immediately, you will in that case, call for them.
We yesterday in a manner determined that the Baggage should move by Junes's and Ringwood and meet the troops at Pompton. But I wish to know whether it will affect your arrangements, should I hereafter determine that the troops shall fall in with their Baggage at June's. I am, &c.
P.S. As soon as you have traced out the ground you will be pleased to give me
notice of it.
26. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman; the P.S. is in that of Richard Kidder Meade.
Dr. Sir: I have been favored with your letter of the 16th. It was not intended
when I mentioned the arrangement which I had in contemplation to suggest any but
the most perfect satisfaction, in your conduct, and the discharge of the several
duties of this post. I meant no more than to convey an idea that as we were
drawing together a larger force than heretofore it might be necessary to change
my old order of arrangement. I had designed you a command this winter with the
main army in the neighbourhood of Morristown. There will be hospitals in its
vicinity. But should you think that this situation will be less eligible, on
account of the state of your health and the experiments you have proposed to
make trial of, which may require a freedom from all command, you have my
permission to remain near Fish kill or wherever it may be most agreeable to
yourself. I am, etc.
Dr Sir: I received your favor of the 15th, yesterday,
27. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
with its inclosures.
Mr. Woodbridge has had an order on the clothier for 130 pair of shoes. The other articles on the return, it is not possible to deliver previous to a general distribution.
The failure of our attempt to the Southward is by no means as disagreeable as represented. Altho' we were repulsed in the storm of the works of Savannah, we met with no opposition afterwards in removing our stores and baggage. A number of successes both by Sea and land, have greatly crumbled the enemys force in this quarter. The allied men and officers harmonised perfectly, and behaved with great bravery on the occasion. It would appear that there was an absolute necessity for the Counts returning to the West Indies; I have not the particulars of our loss. The Count was slightly wounded and Genl. Pulask died a few days after the affair of his wounds. I am, etc.
P.S. The scantiness of our supplies in the way of clothing, and the difficulty we
find in apportioning properly what we have, to all parts of the Army, is another
reason why the return could not be complied with. It could not be done before we
had settled the principles which were to regulate the general
distribution.
[H.S.P.]
28. In the writing of James McHenry.
Dear Sir: I was yesterday favored with yours of that date. I wish it was in my power to comply with your request for leave of absence at this time, but such will be the state of the Army in regard to General Officers, that I shall be left very destitute of assistance. General Sullivan has requested the liberty of Congress to retire from the service. General Putnam has obtained a short leave of absence and General McDougal informs me that from some alarming Symptoms of the stone he imagines he shall be under a necessity of laying by for the Winter. General Greenes attention is sufficiently taken up by the affairs of his department; several others who
have not seen their families, a long time past, will expect that liberty this Winter. From the above view you will perceive that your presence will be indispensibly necessary, at least for a time. Should circumstances admit of your visiting your Family in the course of the Winter, I shall be glad to indulge you.
I am again reduced to the necessity of acting the part of Clothier General, and have been forming estimates to make a delivery duly proportioned to the wants of the army and the scanty stock on hand. If the Sub Clothiers of Connecticut and Massachusetts will apply for their proportion of the Cloathing in Store, they shall have an order. But I beg you may request them, in making their returns, to make an allowance for their State supplies in hand, or for what they shortly expect.
Mr. Wilkinson the Clothier General writes me from Philadelphia that Mr.
Whitlesey
32. Nathan Whitlesey.
two Connecticut Brigades are over, be pleased to direct Colo. Hazen to follow
with his Regiment, Waggons and Baggage. I am, &c.
[MS.H.S.]
Dear Sir: As the North Carolina troops have orders to march immediately to the Southward, you will be pleased to detach the company of Artillery belonging to that State to hold themselves in readiness to move with them; their route will hereafter be made known. With respect to their p[iece]s you will suffer them to carry them or not as you see proper. I am, &c.
P.S. Colonel Clark will give the route.
Sir: You are to proceed from hence to Morris town by the Way of New Windsor, Ringwood and Pompton and should you meet any Waggons with Cloathing on the Road you are to turn them back to Morris Town, and have the Cloathing securely
33. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
34. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
35. Assistant to the Quartermaster General of the Continental Army.
stored. A further Quantity is expected from Philada. which you are to stop at Morris town upon its arrival there and have stored likewise. You will take the Receipts or Invoices from the Conductors and keep them till called upon for them by the Cloathier General or his Assistants. You will remain at Morris town 'till further orders. I am, etc.
P.S. The Delaware Regt. having been ordered to Morris town, you will apply to the
Commanding Officer for a Guard. Should they not be there you will apply for a
guard to any Officer who may be at Morris.
Dr. Sir: The North Carolina Troops began their march for the Southward this
morning; you will therefore be pleased to direct Major Murfree
[H. S. P.]
36. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
43. Maj. Hardy Murfree's promotion to lieutenant colonel of the First North Carolina Regiment ranked him from Apr. 1, 1778. He served to July, 1782.
44. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
Sir: Congress having directed the two Regts. of North Carolina with this Army to proceed to the State of South Carolina, they have this day begun their march under the command of Colonel Clarke, by the way of
I am to desire you also to repair to South Carolina and upon your arrival there
put yourself under the command of Majr. Genl. Lincoln or commanding Officer of
the southern Army. Should you overtake Colo. Clarke he will deliver up to you
the Route and my instructions to him which you will be pleased to pursue. I wish
you a safe and pleasant Journey and every success and am Sir &c.
The Honble. the Congress having by their Resolve of the IIth. Instant directed that the two Regiments of North Carolina at present under your command should proceed to South Carolina; you are hereby directed to march immediately, by the Route herein inclosed, to that State, and upon your arrival there put yourself under the command of
42. The draft is in the writing of George Augustine Washington.
Major General Lincoln or commanding Officer in the southern Army.
I particularly recommend to you to endeavour to prevent desertion in your passage through the State of North Carolina. You will I am persuaded take every measure to preserve the strictest discipline particularly in preventing the burning of inclosures or destruction of any kind of property upon your march, and make as much expedition as the nature of your service requires, having at the same time a regard to the health and welfare of your troops.
Should Brigadier Genl. Hogun, who is directed to repair to South Carolina, overtake you on the march, you will be pleased to deliver to him the Route and foregoing instructions.
Route for Colonel Clarke commanding 1st. and 2d. North Carolina Regiments on their march from West Point to South Carolina: New Windsor, Ringwood, Pompton, Morris Town, Coryell's ferry,
45. Washington had already written to Colonel Clark, on November 17: “You
will be pleased to see the Quarter Master immediately, and adjust every
matter with him for commencing your march as soon as possible. You will
receive further orders tomorrow.” This was written at 7 o'clock p.m., and is
in the Washington Papers.
Philadelphia, Wilmington, Head of Elk, Baltimore, George Town, Colchester,
Fredericksburg, Richmond, Petersburg, Hallifax. North Carolina, and from thence
to South Carolina by the Route best supplied with provision and Forage.
Dr. Sir: On the receipt of this letter you will be pleased to collect the whole of Baylor's regt. under your Command and proceed by the most convenient and direct route to Chs Town in South Carolina and put yourself under the orders of the Commanding Officer at the Southward. As this measure is thought necessary I persuade myself that your activity and dispatch (without injuring your Horse) will be equal to the importance of the call. It will be well for you to consult
46. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman. The route of march is in the writing of George Augustine Washington.
Colonel Biddle or some of His Deputies with respect to the Supplies of Forage on the different routes, as the one you fix on must be governed by it. I hope that your cloathing and other matters is in such a state as to prevent any delay; but should this not be the case, you will, on your arrival in Philadelphia, make application to the Board of War for the articles you may stand in need of it. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: I was last night favored with yours of yesterday. The two Connecticut Brigades are to Encamp on the West side of the river, as it may be a day or two before they march. All detachments from those Brigades should be called in, upon giving the Adjutant General notice that he may relieve them by others, except the party under the command of Major Throop, at work upon the redoubts, which cannot conveniently be relieved till one of the Massachusetts Brigades moves up to West Point.
The Officers going home upon furlough cannot be allowed to draw rations during their absence, it is unprecedented and would lead in the end to very
great drafts upon our magazines at a distance.
I have at length the pleasure of transmitting the Commissions for Nixons and Glovers Brigades. The Secretary of the Board of War apologises for the long delay which was occasioned by want of Parchment and by the change of Presidents, which latter circumstance obliged a number of the Commissions to have Mr. Jays name erased after it was inserted. I am, etc.
The Officers are ordered by the General orders of the day to take their places in
the Regts. to which they are appointed.
[MS. H. S.]
Dear Sir: I was yesterday favd. with yours of the 18th. It would have been a very desirable thing to have wound up the Campaign by a successful stroke upon the enemy before they retired within Kingsbridge. I have no doubt but if, in the course of your inquiries into their situation, the enterprise had been found warrantable, you would have given me information before any movements would have been made. This, where the execution of a measure of any consequence does not depend upon the moment, is absolutely necessary, and would probably have been evidenced in the matter you had in contemplation had it gone on, for I had resolved to at
57. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade; the P.S. is in that of Tench Tilghman.
tempt the same enterprise, to be executed in the same manner you mention (by
Water) by the troops at Verplanks point and Vicinity. Genl. Howe was down, and
sent persons into the enemy's Camp, to obtain the necessary information, just as
they went within the Bridge. I have been thus full to shew how much depends upon
communication, and how far, two well meant and well concerted plans might have
defeated each other, had we have been ignorant of each others designs. I am,
etc.
[H.S.P.]
Dear Sir: I desired General Parsons to inform you that I had no objection to your visiting your family at this time, as he had agreed to remain with the line untill your Return.
I wish you a pleasant journey and a happy sight of your friends and am with great
regard.
58. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
61. The daft is in the writing of George Augustine Washington.
Dr. Sir: Since my letter of Yesterday directing your March to the Southward I
have seen Capt Jones
Sir: Captain Rochefontaine
59. Capt. Churchill Jones, of the Third Continental Dragoons. He was transferred to Baylor's Consolidated Continental Dragoons in November, 1782, and served to the close of the war.
60. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
62. Of the First Connecticut Regiment.
63. Capt. Béchet de Rochefontaine, of the Continental Engineers.
64. Capt. David Parsons, of the Second Connecticut Regiment. He was transferred to the Third Connecticut Regiment in January, 1781, and died in November, 1781.
will probably remain there.
Capt. Parsons will oblige me if he will undertake this duty. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: I send herewith a Mr. Elliot
Among the Massachusetts Commissions sent to you yesterday are one for Lt. Colo.
Loring of Colo. Greatons Regt. and another for Lt. Crassman of the 15th. both
cashierd. Be pleased to direct those Comms. to be returned to me. I am,
etc.
[MS. H. S.]
65. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
71. John Elliot, formerly chaplain of the Second Connecticut Regiment. He resigned in February, 1778.
72. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dr. Sir: As Soon as possible after receipt of this letter, you will put the
Troops under your command in motion for their Winter Cantonments, agreeably to
the Routs (which I presume has been) given to you by the Qr. Mr. Genl. In case
these should not have reached you, Clintons and Hands Brigades will compose part
of the Main Army, and must March by Rockaway bridge and Morristown (unless by
application to the Qr. Mr. Genl. he should point out a more direct way) to their
Ground. Poor's Brigade is to proceed to Danbury in Connecticut, by Suffrans, and
the Mountain road by Concklins, Buskirks Mill, and light Infantry Camp, to
Kings-ferry, where he is to cross as expeditiously as possible, and to apply (by
an Officer dispatched for the purpose, to Qr. Mr. Starr
The Cloaths for his Brigade may meet him at the Ferry, and there he will receive
more particular Orders than I have time to furnish at present. I am, etc.
73. George Starr, who served also as commissary of hides in Connecticut.
74. The letter sent, in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade, is in the New Hampshire Historical Society. It differs from the autograph draft signed in capitalization and abbreviations only.
Sir: I have just recd your favor. It is my desire for various reasons, that you should continue in your present command until relieved by an Officer of equal rank with yourself. This will happen as soon as our situation and the good of the service will permit; until then I have to request, that you will exert yourself to get matters in general at this post in the best possible train. I make the request as yr. knowledge of them must be better than that of yr successors, and because many steps must be taken (perhaps) before your departure. I have only to add that when it happens that I sincerely wish the retirement may prove a perfect cure to your complaint and answer all your other views. I am, etc.
Sir: As the Connecticut Troops are now on this side the river, I am to request that you will while they remain
in the neighbourhood of Stoney Point afford Colonel Gouvion any assistance he may require for the completion of the works there. You will be pleased to consult the Colo on the occasion. I am, etc.
P.S. I wish you to use every expedition in distributing the Clothing that you may
be able to move at an hour's warning.
Dr. Sir: As soon as your clothing reaches you, you will be pleased to direct its distribution agreeably to the General order, and when this is completed, take up your line of march without waiting further orders. In case you have not received one from the Quarter Master, you will proceed by Sufferans Pompton Rockaway and Morristown. That you may avoid falling in with General Poors Brigade on its march from Sufferans to Kings ferry, you will take the Kakeate road. I wish you to use all the dispatch in your power, that you may be on the ground as soon as possible. I am, &c.
75. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
Dr Sr: I have this moment your favor of the 20th. The prisoner directed here, I have forwarded to Genl. Heath, to be sent to the State of Connecticut to which he belongs.
As you think the fatigue party may be employed at Stoney point, without occasioning any delay when you are ready to march, it may remain at work. The connecticut troops who have crossed will give every assistance. You will also be pleased to continue your parties in repairing the road to Sufferans [in the manner mentioned]
I inclose you a copy of a letter which I dispatched this morning. I am,
etc.
Dr. Sir: I have been favored with your letters of the 9th. and 26th. of October with their inclosures.
You will find by my letter of the 10th. (a copy of which I transmit) that you are at full liberty to act against
76. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry. The words in brackets are in the writing of Washington.
the hostile Indians in such excursions as your circumstances will admit. I make no doubt of your particular attention to the several objects regarding Detroit; and that you will spare no pains to collect such information, as may enable us to judge precisely of its state and force, that we may know how to regulate our measures.
With respect to Heaths
They were to be inlisted for the war, and to be intitled to continental commissions; but whether this deprived the State of interfering with their subsequent arrangements I will not undertake to say. If the incorporation proposed by the Lieut. Governor will be for the good of the service I think it had better be adopted. And I dare say the State will have no objection to the companies being annexed to one of its own regiments while it remains on the frontiers.
I herewith return you the proceedings of the Court martial on Adjutant
Gordon.
The steps you have taken to obviate any impressions which the trespass on the Indian lands may produce in their minds, are judicious, and I hope will answer a good purpose. While we blame these people for cruelties, we should
77. Capt. Henry Heth (Heath).
78. Capt. Patrick(?) O'Hara.
79. Lieut. Arthur Gordon. He was adjutant in the Ninth Virginia Regiment.
avoid giving them cause of complaint.
I wish to oblige you with leave of absence from your command, but as our eyes are
turned towards Detroit and in procuring information,
Dr Sr: In consequence of your letter of this date to Mr. Meade and my anxiety to
forward the works under your direction, you have full power to keep Capt
Mills's
80. The draft at this point has “from that quarter.”
81. In the writing of James McHenry. The text is from a photostat of the letter sent kindly furnished by Stuart W. Jackson, of New York City.
82. Capt. Peter Mills, of Baldwin's Artillery Artificer regiment. He resigned in February, 1781.
83. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
Sir: By a letter just received from Col Gouvion, I am sorry to find that the Works at Stoney and Verplank's points are kept back for want of assistance in the Qr Mrs line. He mentions that Capt Millss company of Artificers, ordered there by Genl Greene is called for to join the Pennsylvania Division. From the importance of the work he is engaged in, I have directed him to keep them; it may, however be well as he mentions to order others to join that line. This is not his only want. He requests in order to enable him to carry on the Works, that 200 Fathom of rope, 2 Scows and a quantity of Plank some time since called for, may be sent down immediately; the latter Article was perhaps demanded of
Col Hay. It may be necessary to write to him on the subject. I must request that every exertion be made to comply with the above. I am, etc.
Dr. Sir: I received your favor of the 21st. last night, and have this morning transmitted an extract respecting the want of flour, to the commissary General, requesting him to take the most immediate and effectual measures to procure a proper supply. Till this can be done, you will use the best means in your power to keep the troops in temper. The want of rain is the great reason of our deficiencies in this article. When this falls we shall be amply supplied.
As the general objects of your command will be more within your reach at your old
quarters at Mandevilles, and as you may be more at your quiet in this place, I
think you had better move up, leaving the command where you are to Gen: Howe
that is, provided the state of your health will admit of the change. I am,
etc.
[MS H.S.]
87. In the writing of James McHenry.
Sir: By Capt. Moulton
Dear Sir: I last night reced. yours inclosing the papers brought out by Flag. A sloop will go down to Kings-ferry when the tide serves to take the passengers from the other. Be pleased to have an Officer stationed at the Ferry with instructions to go down with the sloop and receive Mrs. and Miss Colden and their servant Maid and Baggage and Mrs. Logan and Mrs. McClaughry with their effects. The passport further says “and such other persons and effects as have passports for New Windsor.” Who those persons are we do not know,
88. Capt. William Moulton, of Warner's Additional Continental regiment. He retired in January, 1781.
89. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
90. Aide to Maj. Gen. William Heath.
but except they can shew some authority from Governor Clinton to come out, they cannot be permitted.
Genl. Pattison's passport mentions that the families and effects of John Fluellin
and a number of others are to return in the Flag Boat, but they are not to go
except they have the customary permits from Govr. Clinton. I am, etc.
Sir: By a letter from the Board of War I am informed that they have directed you
to conduct Majors General Phillips and Reidesel and their families to Elizabeth
Town. As I would not wish them to see the ground near our new incampment, you
are to avoid the Chatham Road and conduct them by the way of Bound Brook to
Elizabeth Town. You are not to communicate your reasons to them for this change
of the Route. I am, etc.
91. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “T. Tilghman.”
93. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dr Sir: Genl. Heath writes me from Peeks-kill, that “the troops in this quarter have been without bread for a day or two past, which has created great uneasiness, and the men are driven to duty. Col. Pawling now informs me that one half of his corps this morning slung their packs, and were determined to march off to the governor. The Colonel called on the Continental Troops for assistance to quell them but fortunately they were pacified before the troops arrived. The uneasiness will again break out and probably spread further if supplies cannot be obtained. It is unfortunate that at this time there is a scarcity of vegetables as well as bread.”
I need not urge to you the absolute necessity of taking the most effectual and
immediate measures in the present case. I am, etc.
Sir: I inclose You a Copy of a Resolution of Congress
92. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
of 10th. instant
By this you will perceive that Major Generals Phillips and Riedesel and their
families are permitted to proceed to New York on parole
. I also inclose you a Copy of the Board's Letters No. 2, 3 and 4the parole they
gave to Colo Bland requires an Additional one to be given at Elizabeth
Town “for their going into New York.” This must be taken in the usual form,
limiting the permission to New York , and stipulating
for their return whenever required; they are not finally exchanged.
The Board had not a Copy of the parole given to Colo Bland, and therefore they could not know, that an Additional one was necessary and required by it.
Mr. Skinner will of course endeavour to shew Genls. Phillips and Riedesel and the
Gentlemen with them every proper attention and civility. It is my wish. I am,
etc.
94. This date should be November 13.
95. All of November 15. Copies of the letters are in the Washington Papers.
96. The draft is in the Washington Papers.
Sir: By direction of His Excellency the Commander in Chief, I transmit you the
inclosed by Express. It was intended for Colo Beatty, but the General was
informed on inquiry that he was not in Camp. You will perceive by the Copy of
the letter to you from the Board of War No. 4 that they originally intended you
should conduct the business of sending Genls Phillips and Riedesel and their
families in. It is the Commander in chief's wish, that those Gentlemen should
not proceed on the route by Chatham, but by Bound Brook. The Two Officers who
came on with a view of going to Canada by Water, are to be permitted to go to
New York on parole. His Excellency desired me to mention this, least there
should be any difficulties about their going in, as they may not come within the
discription of either of the Generals families. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: I am favd. with yours of this date en
97. The draft is noted: “by John De Camp Express.” The draft is in the writing of and is signed “Rob: H: Harrison, Secy.”
closing a number of permits signed by General Pattison allowing Goods to be sent out of New York. I think, with you, that an allowance of a thing of this kind would be attended with most pernicious consequences, and to which I do not think myself authorised to assent. Those who have Governor Clintons permission to come out and bring their effects must be allowed to pass, but I think every thing wanting this sanction should be sent back.
I am certain the Commissaries have no Indian Corn, but I am in hopes the late
Rain, tho' trifling, will afford a supply of Flour in a short time. I am,
etc.
[MS. H.S.]
Dear Sir: I have been favd. with yours of the 17th. and 20th. I am sorry to find by the latter, that you have found the Ground described by Lord Stirling and Colonel Abeel so different from your expectations. It is impossible to decide upon a position, untill you have fully reconnoitred that district of Country, in which we shall be obliged to Canton. To encamp the whole Army together is on every account desireable [and very much my wish] but if that cannot be done, without taking a position which will be
4. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
liable to insult, we must make conveniency give way to necessity and fix upon a
chain of encampments as near together and as well calculated to support each
other as possible. Should the enemy make a considerable detechment, we might
perhaps safely take the position under the mountain. I have no intelligence of
sufficient authority to reduce the intentions of the enemy to any thing like a
certainty. A variety of accounts agree that great preparations are making for a
considerable embarkation, but I have been disappointed in receiving intelligence
from that quarter on which I place my principal dependance. Were such numbers as
are talked of to leave New York, we might without hesitation fix upon the
position under the Mountain, but 'till that can be in some measure ascertained I
think we ought not to decide. While you are looking out, I shall be moving the
troops downwards; you can send on and desire them to halt at what you think the
most convenient places, should you not be ready to receive them; they will not
croud upon you as much as I expected, as they have been and will be somewhat
detained to draw their cloathing. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: Since mine of this morning I have recd.
5. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman. The words in brackets are in the writing of Washington.
yours of the 22d. by which I am sorry to find that your perplexity as to a winter position for the Army was rather increased. As I mentioned in mine of this morning, the position below the Mountain, should the enemy have made a considerable detachment, would, on every account be most advantageous: should they remain in force, we have no alternative but to take the divided position between the Mountains, or such other as will afford Wood, Water and dry Ground, and be contiguous to a supply of Forage. The position back of Acquaquenack, or that between Mr. Lotts and Boontown, seems to leave the Country below the Mountain, upon our right, from whence we are to draw our Hay forage, too much exposed and at too great a distance. From your situation, you have it more in your power to gain intelligence from New York than I have. Should you gain such information as you think you can depend upon, that the enemy have made so considerable an embarkation, that they will not be likely to act offensively with their remaining force, you are at liberty to take the position below the Mountain, should it be found equal to your expectations. Or, if you do not think we shall be justified, from appearances of the enemy's movements, by going below, you must take the best position, all circumstances considered, that can be found.
You will give directions to the troops, as they come down, to encamp in such
places near Morris town as shall be most convenient on account of Wood &c.
or stop them short of Morris town should you pitch upon the uppermost positions.
I am, &c.
6. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: The Ordnance and ordnance Stores necessary for Fort Arnold and its
dependancies you will please to have allotted agreeably to a report
The Posts at Kings ferry should be immediately supplied with two pieces of Cannon (one on each side the river) to keep off the enemys Row gallies which are beginning to appear there. When the works are in a more compleat state of defence such further aid of artillery as shall be judged absolutely necessary, may be added, tho' it is not my intention to place many at this Post but my wish to have those which are there of the least valuable of their kind.
The rest of the Ordnance and Ordnance stores which the prospect of an extensive operation against New York had drawn to this place and in the vicinity of it upon, or very near the River I would have sent to Albany on acct. of the easy and cheap transportation; and because it may be considered as a safe deposit for them.
In a removal of this kind a proper at
7. This report, dated Aug. 20, 1779, is in the Washington
Papers.
tention must be had to the probable and contingent wants of the Army at its places of Cantonment.
You will please to direct (if it is not already done) the company of Artificers
at Fredericksburg Commanded by Captn. Post
Sir: As there are particular reasons that your march should be conducted with as much expedition as possible, I have to request that you will lose no time but proceed with all expedition to Trenton, instead of Coryell's ferry, where you will find every thing necessary to forward you on to the Head of Elk. I am, etc.
8. Capt. Anthony Post, of the Second Continental Artillery. He retired in June, 1781.
P.S. You will wait on the board of War, on your arrival at Philada. for further
directions
Dear Sir: I last night received Your Letter of the 15th. I have never concidered
myself at liberty to grant permission to any Officer to go out of the States,
and therefore I cannot grant it to You. At the same time I think your request
highly reasonable, and I am persuaded you will find no difficulty in obtaining
it from Congress, to whom I would refer You.
Sir: His Excellency desires me to acknowledge your letter of the 20th. He always parts with an officer who has served
9. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
12. Congress granted Connor 6 months' leave on December 2. He was lost at sea in January, 1780.
13. In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. The original is in the Papers of the Continental Congress, no. 78, vol. 5,
fol. 433.
10. Of the Third Maryland Regiment, He was wounded at Savannah, Ga., in October, 1779, and resigned in February, 1780.
long and faithfully, with pain, nor would omit any thing in his power that could preserve him in the army.
In order that the general may be able to complete your resignation, and certify
it on the back of your Commission, which will be returned, you will be pleased
to transmit a certificate signifying that you have settled all your public and
regimental accounts. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: If the two Connecticut Brigades have crossed, be pleased to direct Colo. Hazen to follow as expeditiously as possible, if he is not already over. He may be directed to march without loss of time if the Virginia Division has moved, to Sufferans (by the new Road lately repaired by General Woodford which leaves Kakeate on his left) thence to Pompton and by Rockaway Bridge towards Morris town. Before he arrives at Morris town he will receive directions from General Greene for his further Route.
Should the Virginia troops not have moved, Colo. Hazen will wait for that and follow immediately after. I am, &c.
11. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “James McHenry.”
P.S. Be pleased to direct Colo. Hazen, if he hears nothing further from me to
join Genl. Hands Brigade when he comes up with it.
[MS.H.S.]
Dear Sir: Just as yours of the 23d. came to hand his Excellency was getting on
Horse back to meet an appointment of Business. He commands me to inform you,
that should the Acquaquenac position answer the description given by Colonel
Dehaart
22. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
23. Lieut. Col. William De Hart, of the Second New Jersey Regiment. He resigned in November, 1781.
24. Maj. Robert Burnett. He was aide to General Greene from 1778 to the close of the war.
25. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “T. Tilghman.”
Dr. Sir: I wish you to inform me by the Return of the Express, who will deliver
this, when the Connecticut Troops will be able to march with certainty. I wish
they may be in a condition to do it as soon as possible. When I am informed of
the time by your Answer, I will furnish You with orders, that there may not be
any delay afterwards. I am, &c.
Dear Sir: Colo. Lamb informs me that there are some Men in the Connecticut line who had been inlisted for three years who would now reinlist for the War in the Companies of Artillery raised and adopted by the State, but that you did not conceive yourself at liberty to allow such a measure without order. I am clearly of opinion, that if those Men will not reinlist in the Corps of Infantry to which they belong, that it will be for the good of the service to allow them to inlist in those Companies of Artillery, and if their term of service is near expiring in
26. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison and is addressed to Parsons “or Officer Commanding Connecticut Troops.”
the Infantry, I think it will be better to let them join the Artillery
immediately, than lose the Men for the War by a refusal. I am, etc.
Sir: On the receipt of this letter you will be pleased to march the troops under your command to the place of Cantonment [for the main Army] in the neighbourhood of Morris Town by the route of [Major] Delavan's, Crompond, Kings ferry, Suffrans and Pompton &c.
Your favor of the 22d for permission to be absent this Winter was handed to me
this day. I should be very happy to grant your request but your continuance with
the Troops at this time and while they are Hutting will be materially necessary
and when that business is over, should the situation of affairs still render
your stay requisite, I hope you will cheerfully submit to the disappointment;
[if] however [you can be endulged with any degree of propriety you certainly
shall.] I am, etc.
28. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
27. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade. The words in brackets are in the writing of Washington.
Dear Sir: Be pleased to inform me by return of the Express when the division will
certainly march from Haverstraw. Should Genl. Poor have come with his Brigade,
you may take the short Road to Sufferans, as my only reason for desiring you to
march by Kakeate was to avoid falling in with Poor's Brigade. Upon your arrival
at Pompton be pleased to send an Officer forward to Genl. Greene who is near
Morris Town, and desire him to inform you where you shall halt if he has not
fixed upon the Ground upon which you are to hut. The Officer will meet you
between Pompton and Morris. I earnestly request that the Cloaths of the Men may
be saved as much as possible when they are hurting. I am, etc.
Sir: The inclosed letter which you will be pleased to forward to General Parsons will shew you how far we can com
31. The draft is in the writing of George Augustine Washington.
ply with the object of yours of the 24th, and on what issue it is placed.
Sir: The importance of this Post, and the fatal consequences which may result from its being left bare of Provisions are too obvious to need discription. I therefore desire that every possible exertion may be used to get at least a Months provisions before hand for the four brigades of Massachusetts-bay which are to garrison it and its dependencies. Your endeavours, after having accomplished this, are not to cease till you have increased the quantity in store for the same troops two Months which Stock is always to be kept up, and on hand.
In vain is it for me to point out from whence this provision is to be drawn, as
it must depd. upon the resources ( sic ) of the Country;
but I cannot help adding, as my earnest wish, that the Magazines at Albany and
on Connectt. River (directed in my letter of the 9th. of Septr.) may be
established with as little interruption as possible; and if in the progress of
forming Magazines agreeably to the sentiments containd in the aforesaid letter
of
29. Lamb's letter o[ November 24 is not now found among the Washington Papers, but his “object” is fairly
inferential from Washington's letter to Brig. Gen. Samuel Holden Parsons,
Nov. 25, 1779, q. v.
30. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
32. The date line is in the writing of James McHenry.
the 9th. of Sept. you can make Warwick convenient in other respects it will answer well in a relative point of view to West point; the March of Troops on a sudden call for the defence of it, and ultimately for Albany, to have a small deposit there, and may accordingly be fixed on with an eye to those purposes.
That you may regulate your supplies to the best advantage, and with the greatest saving in point of transportation, it is necessary you should know that the Winter Cantonments of the Troops will be as follow.
The Regiment of Dragoons at Hadham or Colchester.
Poors Brigade at Danbury. Massachusett's brigades at West point and its dependencies.
The Main Army in Jersey, somewhere back of the Scotsplain, or possibly more towards Acquacanack.
Lees partizan Corp at Burlington or somewhat more advanced towards Monmouth.
Dear Sir: In making my arrangements for the disposition
of the Army this Winter I have found it necessary to assign the command of the posts upon the North River to you. Inclosed you will find instructions for your government.
Lt. Colo. Pawling with the York Militia has undertaken to finish the Redoubt upon Stoney point. You will therefore have no further occasion to send a fatigue party from Nixons and Glovers. And I think you had better consult Colo. Gouvion upon the number of Men necessary to finish the Work upon Veiplanks, who may continue at it, while the remainder of those two Brigades proceed to the Business of hurting with all possible expedition, should you determine to post them both upon the East side of the River.
The Companies of Artillery attached to Nixons and Glovers Brigades with their Peices are to join the Park in Jersey when the Brigades move to their Quarters. They are to proceed from Kings Ferry to Sufferans by the short Road (leaving Kakeate on the left) and from thence to the place fixed upon for the park, which I apprehend will be in the neighbourhood of Morris town.
I do not at present recollect any thing more than what is contained in the above and in your instructions.
I sincerely wish a recovery of your health and that you may enjoy good and quiet Winter Quarters, and am, etc.
I do not know whether the Articles you want are in the Store, but I inclose you
an order for them, in case they should be there.
[MS.H.S.]
Sir: You, being appointed to the command of the posts upon the North River, will forthwith proceed to West point or the Vicinity of it. All the posts on the North River from Kings Ferry inclusively upwards will be comprehended within the limits of your command. The troops destined for the Garrison of these posts and under your immediate command will be the four Massachusetts Brigades. General Poors Brigade, stationed at Danbury, will also be subject to your direction should the enemy, by their movements in the course of the Winter seem seriously to threaten the Garrison of West point.
I need not observe to you, that West point is to be considered as the first and principal object of your attention. I am persuaded you will neglect nothing conducive to its security, and will have the Works erecting for its defence prosecuted with all the Vigor and expedition in your power [and that circumstances will admit of.] You are fully sensible of their importance, and how much their completion will ease and disembarrass our future general operations. For the greater security of the detached Redoubts,
35. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
and those upon Constitution Island, I had directed that the Bomb proofs (where there were any) should be fitted up for the lodgment of the Men stationed in them, and suitable Barracks erected for the Officers And it is my wish that there should be in every Redoubt a sufficiency of covering for the Men and Officers destined for its defence; that should the enemy move up during such Weather as requires Men to be under shelter, they may remain conveniently in them without a constant Relief. The construction and position of these Barracks must be left to your own judgment and that of the Engineers [appointed to superintend this business].
It would be my wish to have three of the Brigades stationed upon West point, and
the other in the neighbourhood of the Continental Village, where General Nixon
hutted last Winter, if those Huts can be again made habitable, and there is a
sufficiency of Wood. But should you be of the prevailing opinion that not more
than two Brigades can be conveniently quartered upon the point, on account of
covering, Fuel &ca. you may post another upon the East side of the River, so
near, as to afford instant assistance should it be wanted. Should this be
determined upon, I am informed that there is a good position half a Mile on this
side of Mr. Buds
As soon as the Works at Kings Ferry are fi
36. General McDougall had established his headquarters at Budd's.
nished and fit to receive Garrisons you will post a proper number of Officers and Men in each, to be relieved every [14 days, monthly] or as often as you think proper; [Provided stationary garrisons (on acct. of the superior care and attention which will be given by the officers and men to the defences, covering &ca.) should not be prefered to either, in which case you have my consent to adopt the latter.] And that the communication by the ferry may be made, as little as possible an object for the enemy, you will cause all provision or Stores of any kind to be constantly moved off immediately upon their arrival there.
I would recommend, if our supplies will admit, that two Months provision should be always before hand at West point, and in the Works at Kings ferry. [I have directed the Corny. accordingly.] And I would also wish that those detached Redoubts which have Magazines in them, should have one months extra provision, for the men necessary for their defence, laid up in them.
You will, at your own discretion, keep light parties, under the command of a Field Officer, advanced down towards the White plains, to cover the Country, and gain information of the movements of the enemy.
You are acquainted with the previous Steps to be taken by the inhabitants of the State, who may want to go into, or come out of New York with their Effects, which you will strictly adhere to. But should you find it necessary, for the pur
pose of gaining intelligence, to permit any persons to go into New York, you may do it in that case, without consulting His Excellency Governor Clinton.
As many of the Officers under your command, will have occasion to visit their families, I would have you desire them to agree among themselves who shall first take furloughs, the term of which should be such, as to enable those, who are to go home upon their return, to spend a reasonable time with their families before the opening of the Campaign. I would wish two Field Officers to remain with a Regiment, (but I must insist upon one as indispensible) and as many Regimental officers as are necessary for the care of the Men and common duties. Of the Soldiers inlisted for the War, or who have a considerable time to serve, not more than two to a Company or eighteen to a Regiment to be furloughed at a time, and those such as are well recommended by their Officers.
Perhaps some of those whose times are near expiring would reinlist for the War upon an immediate furlough. Should there be any such, for whose faithful return their former Officers will undertake to vouch, I think it would be well to indulge them, if they require it as an inducement. But the greatest caution will be necessary, otherwise the Bounty Money will be thrown away. Some whose times are near expiring may perhaps be willing to reinlist in the Artillery or Cavalry, tho' not in the Infantry, in such cases, it will be for the general
good to permit them to join those Corps immediately, if they have not more than a very short time to serve.
There are conventional Signals established for alarming the Country and calling in the Militia in case of absolute need. The greatest care should be taken in making use of these, as many inconveniencies, and considerable expense would be occasioned by a false or needless alarm. Be pleased to enquire of His Excellency Govr. Clinton whether he thinks any alteration, of the plan established last summer, necessary.
Should any thing be wanting in the Cloathing line by the troops of Massachusetts, the Sub Cloathier of that State is to direct his application to the Cloathier General who will be near the Head Quarters of the Army.
You will improve every opportunity the Weather and leisure affords to exercise the troops agreeable to the Rules and Regulations established for that purpose, and will pay the strictest attention to order, regularity and discipline in every respect.
I have directed Colo. Hay to have all the Boats not necessary for the service of the Garrison and other purposes carefully collected and properly laid up. You will however be pleased to pay attention to the matter.
I shall
write to the pay Master General and desire him to appoint a deputy to reside at this post for the conveniency of paying the troops here and at Danbury. You will therefore sign Warrants for their monthly pay when properly authenticated by the deputy pay Master and presented to you.
The scarcity of forage points out the expediency of divesting this post and its dependencies of all Horses and Cattle not absolutely necessary, as soon as may be. Colo. Hay who superintends the Quarter Masters department will order them to proper places.
I have only to add that you will use every possible precaution to obtain previous
notice of any move of the enemy towards you. Should such an event take place,
you will not fail to give me the speediest information.
[MS. H.S.]
Dr. Sir: I have received your favor of the 19th and that of the 25th. As the different State Clothiers have drawn their proportion of clothing, I think the sooner you send your quarter master through the line from whence the Light Infantry have been taken, the better; that he may receive from them their quota of blankets and other clothing which comes to the share of the Infantry, and have it disposed of agreeably to the
37. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. In the draft the words in brackets as above are in the writing of Washington. His spelling, capitalization, etc., are followed in the above text.
general order for distribution.
I find some embarrassment in deciding on Obriens sentence. We do not see the multiplying of executions produce the effects for which they were intended; and for many reasons it is not a desirable thing to lose men in examples of this kind, unless in cases of the most apparent necessity. I would be directed in some measure by the consequences which a pardon might occasion, and if these could not be of any consideration, he may be confined for some time under the fear of the punishment sentenced him by the Court, and then liberated.
Fort Stanwix still remains in our possession, without any other attack, than what
you find in the New-York paper. I had anticipated the hint which you have taken
notice of, by a very full representation on the subject, to Congress. I am,
&c.
[H.S.P.]
Sir: You will March your Brigade to Danbury and in some convenient ground in the vicinity of it, where there is good Water and a sufficiency of Wood, build Hutts to cover your Men.
41. In the writing of James McHenry.
The object of your going there is to afford the best cover to the part of the Country Eastward of Norwalk on the Sound as the Troops at West point will attend more immediately to the enemys lines, and the protection of the People in that Quarter in the State of New York.
The Quarter Mr. Genl. or his assistant will direct what is to be done with the Horses belonging to your Brigade as there is a necessity of sending them to places where they can be easiest supported, and kept in the best condition.
You will not under any pretence (excepting in cases of extreme necessity) suffer
a regiment to be without a field Officer; nor a company with less than two
commissioned Officers unless there is pressing occasion to relax from this rule.
Observing this rule Officers may be furloughed during the Winter in rotine (sic) as the Soldiers for the War also may, and those
who have twelve Months yet to serve, provided that not more than two from a
Company or 18 from a regiment are absent at a time.
You will keep strict discipline in your Brigade and see that it is Manoeuvred strictly agreeable to the regulations whenever the Weather and oppertunity will admit (after you are fixed in your quarters.)
As there is no telling the designs, or knowing the objects of the enemy, you will endeavour to give opposition to them and afford every assistance in your power to the
State you will be in, in case any part of it is invaded, and will in an especial manner in case of such an event, attend to the care of our Stores at Litchfield and Springfield.
In every other respect you will consider yourself under the Orders and directions
of [Major General Heath or Officer] commanding at this Post and the Troops on
the East of Hudsons River [if your superior in rank].
Sir: I have just recd. advice that 40 sail of Vessels past (sic) Norwalk on the 25th. bound Eastward. I therefore desire you to
halt with the troops under your command untill we discover their intentions.
Should they make a descent at any place upon the Sound, you will instantly march
to its relief, or if they repossess R. Island you are to inform me and wait
further orders. But should you not in the course of a few days hear of their
making a landing any where upon the Coast, or upon Rhode Island, you are then to
continue your march as expeditiously as possible to the place of can
38. The date line and words in brackets are in the writing of James McHenry.
tonment, by the Route given to you in my last. You will be pleased to observe,
that should you march southward, Captain Donnels
Dr Sir: You will find in the inclosed instructions of this date an answer to your
favor of the 25th; the place for the cantonment of the Cavalry and the
limitations for furloughing both officers and men. I leave Col. Sheldens letter
open for your perusal. You will be pleased to seal and forward it. I am
&c.
Sir: As soon as the division under the command
39. Capt. Nathaniel Donnell, of the Third Continental Artillery. He served to the close of the war.
40. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
42. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
of Major Gen. Howe moves to its ground for winter Quarters, you will proceed with your own and Shelden's Regt. of Dragoons to such place or places as the Quarter Master General may have assigned you for Winter Quarters. This may be in Wallingford Durham or Hadham as conveniencies and forage may best suit: or in case of necessity you may remove the whole or part to Colchester. In the cantonment of the Regiments you will preserve as much compactness as the nature of the place will admit, that by having them all under your own eye, you may be able to keep up good discipline, and prevent dissipation and irregularity.
It is not designed that the Regiments should do ordinary duty, or be called out upon every common occasion. But in case of invasion, or the advance of the enemy, you are to obey the orders of Genl Poor or other officer your superior commanding at this post and assist in giving them every opposition.
The horse are not to be made use of as hacks. The men should be strictly forbid riding them as such, and when discovered in the practice [or riding fast on ordinary occasions] punished severely. Nor are they to be ordered by the officers on messages or in the execution of any private business.
You will direct the utmost attention to the horse, that they may come into the field in the best possible condition for service.
Such of the arms and accoutrements of the Dragoons as are out of order, are to be repaired and every thing completed by next campaign. A field officer is to be allowed forage for four horses only, including his servants. A captain forage for three horses including his servants, and a subaltern forage for two horses including his servants; that is provided the officers think proper to keep this number.
With regard to furloughing; One field officer is to be constantly with a Regiment, and as many regimental officers as are necessary to the care of the men and horse, and for service should the regiment be called out.
Not more than two privates from each troop to be furloughed at a time, and these
such as may be recommended by the officers, and who have some length of time to
serve.
Sir: I have given Colo. Moylan general directions respecting the Cantonment of the Cavalry, and other matters relative to your Regiment and his own, and have no doubt of
43. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry. The words in brackets are in the writing of Washington.
his making the proper communications to you, nor of your ready attention [to
their execution]. I am, &c.
Dr. Sir: Where the troops have moved off; which are not designed to remain at
this port and its dependencies, you will be pleased to order the collecting of
such boats as may not be necessary for the use of this garrison and the several
ferries, to places where they will be perfectly secure. I am etc.
Dear Sir: I have no doubt but you are making provision for throwing a number of Cattle over the North River before the passage is interrupted by the Ice. Being down at Kings-ferry yesterday, I took notice of the delays and difficulties attending transporting Cattle at that place, and I therefore think you should direct part to be ferried over at New Windsor, and not depend too
44. The date line and the words in brackets are in the writing of James McHenry.
48. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
much upon Kings ferry; which being now the common passage the Boats are much
employed by travellers and others. I am, etc.
Sir: After the several orders which have been drawn upon you are complied with,
you will please to make return of every article in your Store at Newburg, and on
the first day of every month, afterwards of all the clothing of every kind in your different Stores with a general
account of your issues and receipts during the preceding month. You will also be
pleased to render me, as soon as may be, a particular return of the shoemakers
and taylors tools on hand or in store.
The woolen mitts and caps are not to be delivered without my order.
45. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
46. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Sir: I have recd yr favor of the 18th. inst by Serjeant Hebberd, who delivered with it Richd Bird, his Pocket Book containing sundry Papers, 3 half Joes, two Guneas and 100 Paper Dollars enclosed in a letter from his Wife. I have not the least doubt of his past Villainous conduct, and intentions to practice the same in future and shall therefore have him properly secured until he can be conveyed to Virginia where his offences from what appears seem most likely to meet with the punishment they deserve.
I am much obliged by your promise of communicating such intelligence as may be
important. We have nothing at all new in this quarter. I am, &c.
Sir: Immediately upon receipt of this letter you will be pleased to procure One hundred and fifty pair of Snow Shoes, and deposit them at Fort Schuyler, subject to the deli
49. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
very of my order only . For particular reasons I wish to
have them made in the Indian Country, by the Oneidas or some of those tribes,
but if they cannot be had there, then to get them made up the Mohawk river. A
proportionate number of Mocasons are also necessary, and must be deposited with
the Snow Shoes.
The Quarter Mastr at Albany will pay the cost of these things upon your order. I am, etc.
Head Quarters, West Point, November 28, 1779.
Gentlemen: I was yesterday favd. with yours of the 24th. I should have been glad if the arrangements made for the disposition of the Army this Winter, would have admitted of your Regiment's remaining at or very near the Quarters of the Massachusetts line. But circumstances are such, that was it be stationed upon the North River, some one of those belonging immediately to the State must be separated from the line. Thus by remedying one inconvenience another would be incurred I think it probable that our
50. Of an Additional Continental regiment. (The regiment was designated the Sixteenth Massachusetts Regiment in July, 1780.) He was transferred to the Ninth Massachusetts Regiment in January, 1781, and to the Fourth Massachusetts Regiment in January, 1783; retained as colonel in the First Regiment, United States Army, in November, 1783; served to June, 1784.
51. Of Jackson's Additional Continental regiment. He was transferred to the Ninth Massachusetts Regiment in January, 1781, and to the Seventh Massachusetts Regiment in January, 1783; served to June, 1783.
52. Of Jackson's Additional Continental regiment. He was Deputy Judge Advocate in October, 1782, and served to November, 1783.
Winter Cantonments will be between thirty and forty Miles from Kings ferry, perhaps not more than thirty. The communication will be frequent, and the transportation of the State supplies from thence to your quarters not very difficult.
Should our Affairs call for a larger Body of Men than are at present assigned to
the defences of the posts upon the North River, you may be assured, that I shall
give your Regiment the preference, as I perceive the advantages which would
result from such a measure, and which I wish I could, conveniently, put
immediately into execution. I am, etc.
Sir: Col Greene and Col. Angel wait on you respecting the Cloathg for their
Regts; I wish you to accommodate the matter with them in the best manner you
can. From their peculiar situation, it may be impossible to transact the
business agreeable to your instructions so as to let it pass immediately thro
the hands of the State Clothr; but this may be finally done should there be a
necessity for giving these Gentn an order for their proportion of Cloathg; which
they inform me is now on hand to the Eastward. I am, &c.
53. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. From a photostat of the original kindly furnished by George A. Ball, of Muncie, Ind.
54. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
Dr Sir: Inclosed you will find a Copy of Genl. Du-Portails state of the Troops
necessary for the defence of this Post. It may be very useful during your
command. You will however be pleased to observe that the Enemy were, when it was
made, in possession of the Posts at Kings Ferry, which not being the case now, a
less number of Guards is necessary; such as are superfluous will readily occur
to you, in looking over the state. There are three in particular that strike me
as totally useless, the one at Robinsons Ferry and the two following ones, each
of 50 Men. In this and other matters you will, tho', do as your own judgment
points out, I have the fullest confidence in it, and with the sincerest wish for
the perfect recovery of your health, I am, etc.
[MS. H. S.]
Sir: General Starke with the troops under his command, may be expected at Peekskill in a day or two. He writes from Danbury that he is much distressed for Flour, but hopes
55. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
to collect sufficient to bring him on to Peekskill, at which place he depends
upon meeting a supply to carry him on. You will therefore take the necessary
measures for that purpose, if it be in your power: Some he must have at any
rate. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: Yours of the 27th. reached me this day at Noon at Sufferan's. From a consideration of all circumstances I am led to decide upon the position back of Mr. Kembles, and more especially, as I think there will be an immediate necessity of sending a further reinforcement to South Carolina; I mean, besides the North Carolinians. This, with the diminution of force that will be occasioned by the expiration of inlistments, will oblige us to seek a more remote position than we would otherwise have done. You will therefore proceed to laying off the Ground. I shall be at Morris town tomorrow and shall be obliged by your ordering me a late dinner. I understand my Quarters are to be at Mrs. Fords. If I am mistaken be pleased to send a person to meet me and set me right. I am, etc.
P.S. Say nothing of the further reinforcement to the southward.
56. The draft is in the writing of and is signed by Teach Tilghman.
58. “Expences of His Excellency General Washington from West point to Pompton and
back—Novemr. 1779. King's ferry, 10 dollars; General Woodfords, 3; Ramapaugh,
48; Pompton, 86; Servants and Band of Musick, 40; Expences of Escorts of Horse,
22½ Ramapaugh returning, 40; Kings ferry, do, 10; Stoney Point, 12½. [Total]
272. Reed. the above from Major Gibbs 16th Decemr. 1779. Tench Tilghman.” This memorandum is in the Washington Papers.
59. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: You will proceed to Philada. and lay the letter with which you are charged before Congress. Should they determine to give you directions to purchase Horses to replace those returned unfit for Service, you are to march with all those Men whose times will not expire between this and April next to Charles town in South Carolina and upon your arrival there put yourself under the command of Major General Lincoln or Officer commanding the Southern Army. But should Congress determine it inexpedient for you to go to the Southward, you are then to march with the regiment to Frederick town in Maryland, or Winchester in Virginia (as you may find forage most plenty) and take quarters for the Winter.
Should you go to the Southward, you will direct Captain Stith,
If any of the Men, whose times of service are within a few weeks of expiring, belong to the Eastern States, it will be best to discharge them immediately if they will not reinlist.
You will let me hear from you in Philada. when you shall receive such further
orders as circumstances may require.
61. Capt. John Stith, of the Fourth Virginia Regiment. He was taken prisoner at Charleston, S.C., in May, 1780; transferred to the Second Virginia Regiment in February, 1781; served to close of the war.
62. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: As it will be necessary to proceed, as soon as possible in the trial of
General Arnold, and afterwards to those of Colo. Hooper, Deputy Qr Master
General, and Doctor Shippen, which have been directed by Congress, I am to
request that you will join the Army as soon as you can. I want you immediately
to examine the papers in the case of the last, and to form the charges that he
may be arrested. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: Your favr. of yesterday reached me in the Evening. I only arrived here the day before, and have not yet had leisure to look about me, or finally determine upon the arrangement and disposition of the troops this Winter, and consequently must defer the decision of the question you make concerning the light Infantry. All the Officers of the Corps, except those of Massachusetts, may safely send for their Baggage and Winter Cloathing to Morris town, as it will there be convenient for them whether they remain embodied or join
64. John Laurance (Laurence, Lawrence), Judge Advocate General of the Continental Army.
65. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison, on which is noted: “transd. under cover to Colo. Hay.”
their respective Regiments.
I am obliged to you for the New York papers and am with great Regard etc.
[H.S.P.]
Sir: I received this morning your letter of the 29th. and in consequence have
given Mr.
66. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
73. The Washington “Warrant Book” gives this name as Helmet Haussen. The warrant was issued December 4.
I have no objection to your inlisting such men, belonging to the infantry, whose
times of service are very near expiring and who will not reengage in their own
corps. You will consider this as your authority for the purpose, agreeable to
which are my instructions to General Heath. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: In consequence of a requisition from His Excellency Govt. Trumbull you will be pleased to direct an accurate Return to be made of the names and Ranks of all the General, Field, Commissioned and Staff Officers of the Connecticut Line. And likewise a return of the Number, Names, Regiments and Companies of those Non Commd. Officers and Soldiers who are inlisted during the War, specifying the Towns to which they belong, and also distinguishing those who have been hired either by one Man or two, in consequence of a former Resolution of Congress, and the names of those by whom they were hired.
As these Returns are to be laid before the Assembly at their meeting upon the 6
January next, you will be pleased, if possible, to have them made out, and
transmitted by that time. I am &c.
74. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
75. The draft is in the writing of Samuel Holden Parsons.
Dr Sir: As it is highly probable the Virginia Troops will shortly move to the Southward, it is necessary in order that you may be prepared for such an event to give you notice of it; but as it is very much my wish to keep it a secret, I must entreat you, to take every necessary step to prepare them for marching without disclosing the intention. Your being incumbered with State supplies, added to other circumstances induces me to request you will exert yourself to have them with the rest of your baggage, stragling men &c. in the most perfect readiness to move should you be ordered to that Quarter. I am &c.
P.S. You will continue to build your Huts with the usual industry.
Sir: I have been favored with your letter of the 3d and the papers which it mentioned.
It would be a very desirable thing as we are cir
76. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade. The signed letter
(in the writing of Meade) is also in the Washington
Papers.
cumstanced at present could a channel of communication be opened a cross the
North river, or by way of Staten Island. If C—
Sir: I have directed the clothier General to deliver 200 blankets to your order.
You will be pleased to take proper measures to have 80. sent up to the Director
of the hospital at Albany and to see the remainder distributed proportionably
among the hospitals under your particular charge. As this article is so scarce
you will use the utmost œconomy in the application. I am etc.
77. Samuel Culper. The drawback to his intelligence was that it came from Setauket across the Sound to Connecticut and was obliged to circle around north of New York City before it could reach Washington. It was thus several days old before reaching Headquarters.
78. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
80. Surgeon general of the Middle Department Hospital. He was also chief hospital physician in October, 1780, and served to January, 1782.
81. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Sir: The Army having taken its position for the Winter in the Vicinity of this place you will repair hither as expeditiously as possible to take charge of and issue the Cloathing which has been stopped here. The four Massachusetts Brigades at West Point and the New Hampshire Brigade at Danbury having recd. their proportion of the Cloathing at Newberg you are to apply to the Quarter Master for the means of transporting the remainder to this place for the troops who have not been served; let the Blankets be among the first goods sent off, except two hundred which are to be delivered to Doctor McKnight at Fish Kill for the use of the Hospitals upon the North River.
There are a parcel of Shoemakers and Taylors tools in the store; you will leave a proportion for the troops above, and bring the remainder forward.
You will undoubtedly take measures for having a proportion of shoes and what continental Cloathing may hereafter come in, delivered to the Cloathiers of the Massachusetts and New Hampshire, and the Artillery remaining at West Point, and Dragoons in Connecticut.
Your presence here being absolutely necessary you will be pleased to come on yourself and leave the management of
the removal to your Assistant. I am etc.
Sir: I received your letter of the 6th. last night but being engaged with the committee of Congress I could not answer it till now.
Should you on a review of the ground think the alteration essentially necessary
you may give orders for the Connecticut line taking the position you have
mentioned or any other convenient one. I am, etc.
Dr Sir: You are so well acquainted with the reasons which operate against keeping a greater quantity of Stores of any kind, than are absolutely necessary, in the vicinity of this Camp, that it is almost needless to desire you to avoid an accumulation of those belonging to your department at this place. I have given or
79. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
89. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
ders to the other departments to divest themselves as soon as possible, of every thing supernumerary.
I have had several representations of mal conduct in the Qr Mr and purchasing and Issuing Commissaries at Coos. That the Public and individuals may have justice done them, I have determined to have Courts of inquiry held upon the parties as soon as possible at this place, and as they are all in a manner connected in business, and all charged, with being concerned in undue practices, it will be necessary that they should attend at the same time. I have desired the Commy's Genl. to summon those acting under them, and you will be pleased to give notice to General Bailey. Mr. Flint will wait upon you, and fix the time when it will be most convenient for the deputies to attend. I am told that the Gentlemen accused earnestly wish an inquiry, and I therefore make no doubt but they will come prepared with Vouchers to support their characters. I am etc.
P.S. Major Whitcombe is going directly up to Coos and will afford you an
opportunity of writing.
Dear Sir: I believe it is customary with you to keep no
88. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
more military Stores in Camp, or very near it, than are absolutely necessary to
answer immediate consumption or sudden calls. This precaution will be more than
commonly expedient this Winter, for reasons with which you are acquainted. I
therefore request if you have any supernumerary stores that they may be removed,
as soon as possible, to a proper place of deposit. I have given similar
directions to all the other departments. I am etc.
Dr Sir: It is my wish that we should endeavour by every practicable means to reinlist the Old Troops for the War. I therefore request that you will inform the Cols and Commanding Officers of Regiments in the Virginia line, that they may inlist, promiscuously throughout their line, any of the Soldiers whose present terms of service will expire by the last of February. The Men reinlisting for the War shall be furloughed to the first of April, and as soon as they are properly engaged and a list of their names transmitted and certified by you, a Warrant shall be granted for the Continental bounty of Two hundred Dollars to each and of 10 Dollars to the Officers for every one re-engaged.
87. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Where Regiments are incorporated, the Officers of each may inlist for those to
which they respectively belong. I should hope by proper pains that many of the
Men whose inlistments are already expired might be engaged on the same terms.
The Officers had better go to their several Regiments as they have been arranged
and superintend the building of their Huts. This may be done without my
publishing an Order, which, for reasons, I would wish not to do. I am
etc.
Sir: Those men of your Regiment whose term of Service has expired, or will expire by Christmas next, may be Marched in a body to the State of Virginia by [a] proper [number of the] Officers [intended to be furloughed], to prevent insult and depredations by their returning [in a] stragglingly [and scattered manner] and then dismissed. The residue are to be left under sufficient and proper Officers, subject to the command of Brigr. General Knox. [The Officers who take charge of the men returning will be considered as on command during their march and will be allowed for that time three dollars per day.] If on the March, any of the Men can be engaged for the War, upon condition of ob
90. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
taining a furlough to be absent from their Regiment till the first day of April next, they may be enlisted for the Continental bounty, provided the Officers have such knowledge of their characters as to be morally certain of their return by that time. To hazard the bounty upon others who have no fixed places of abode, or connexions in the Country, would be imprudent. On no terms, is a bounty to be given to any Man who engages short of the War.
On this matter you will take the Sentiments of the board of War, from whom (if they approve the measure) you will (being in Phila.) receive Orders for a small Sum to make the experiment with.
For further means and mode of recruiting your Regiment you must consult the State
of Virginia which has adopted it as part of its quota.
Dr Sir: Having received several representations of mal conduct in the Qr Mrs and purchasing and issuing Com
91. The portions in brackets are in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. The parentheses are in the draft.
missaries at Coos I have determined that the Public and individuals may have
justice done them to direct courts of inquiry to be held upon the parties at
this place. I have desired Genl Greene to summon Genl Bailey who acts in his
department, and you will be pleased to do the same by Mr. Tychnor
I am told that the parties are acquainted with the nature of the charges which will be exhibited against them, and earnestly wish an inquiry, they will therefore undoubtedly come prepared with vouchers to support their characters. I am etc.
P.S. Major Whitcombe is going directly up to Coos and will afford you an
opportunity of writing.
Dear Sir: The troops of the State of Virginia being ordered
92. Isaac Tichnor, deputy commissary of purchases at Coos, N. H.
93. Jonathan Child (Childs), assistant commissary of purchases.
94. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
by Congress to Philadelphia, you will be pleased to order the Officers and Men
of that Line, at present with the Light Infantry, to march immediately to
Philada. where they will meet with the remainder of the Line. Should the Baggage
of any of the Officers be with the Regiments to which they properly belong, some
person should be sent up, who may see it sent forward with the Baggage of the
line. I am, etc.
[H.S.P.]
Dr. Sir: I have this minute been honoured with a Letter from Congress of the 4th.
Instant, directing the Troops of the Virginia line to be put in motion
immediately. You will put every thing in train and march the whole, with their
Tents and baggage as soon as possible to Philadelphia, where you will receive
farther Orders from Congress. You will apply to the Quarter Master General and
take his direction as to the route, and request him to furnish every thing that
will be necessary to expedite your march. The Officers and Men of the line with
the light Infantry, I shall order to proceed to Philadelphia and join their
respective Regiments. I am, etc.
99. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
1. In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. From the original in the Boston Public Library.
Dear Sir: Our prospects, with regard to Grain Forage, are so very alarming, that
I think it incumbent upon me to transmit the substance of the Reports of your
different deputies to Congress.
My Lord: From the unlucky failure of the expedition against Savannah and the apprehension of the Enemy's pushing their operations in the southern Quarter, Congress have been pleased to direct, by an Act of the 4th. Inst. received yesterday, the whole of the Virginia Troops to be immediately put in motion, with a view of sending them to the Southward. I have accordingly given
3. See Washington's letter to Congress, Dee. 10, 1779, post.
4. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
orders for their march to Philadelphia as soon as possible, where Congress will direct their farther movements. If circumstances would have permitted, I should have written to your Lordship sooner upon the subject, and if I had not found that you could not proceed with the Troops, from the circumstances of General Lincoln having been detached to the Southern command. I shall, with great pleasure, in the new arrangement of our force which this detachment of the Virginians will occasion, provide a command for Your Lordship. The object of their going is not yet announced to any but Genl. Woodford, and I would wish you to consider what I have said with respect to it, as a matter merely for your private satisfaction. I am just setting out to visit the Troops with General Maxwell and those with General Wayne, and have only time to add that I am, as usual etc.
P.S. I thank you for the paper transmitted by Major Barber. It is surprising the
Enemy have such intelligence with respect to our movements.
Dear Sir: His Excellency is extremely anxious to have the
6. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
Roads in front and rear of the Camp accurately surveyed as speedily as possible.
He therefore wishes to see you immediately at Head Quarters that he may give you
particular directions as to the Business which he wants executed. I am
etc.
Sir: Some hundreds of the Virginia troops who are under marching orders are
unable to move off the Ground for want of Shoes, none of which are yet come on
from New Windsor. Be pleased therefore, if possible, to send up five hundred
pairs with the greatest dispatch to this place, if you have not so many, send
what you have. At any rate be pleased to let us know by return of the Express
what may be expected from you. Should there be any which may be collected in a
day or two, let them be got together and sent here with all possible dispatch. I
am etc.
7. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “T. Tilghman.”
8. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “T. Tilghman.”
Sir: A complaint having been lodged against the Quarter Master and Commissaries
of purchases and Issues at Coos for mal-conduct in their respective Offices, a
Court of enquiry will be held upon them at this place on the 20th. January next.
I am informed that your presence will be necessary in the investigation of the
several charges, and you will therefore be pleased to attend at the time above
mentioned. I am etc.
Sir: A complaint hath been lodged against Mr. Lynes
10. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
11. Commissary of issues, Eastern Department, then at Albany, N. Y.
12. Matthew Lyon (Lynes), deputy commissary of issues at Coos, N. H.
Charles town
My dear Sir: I had the pleasure of receiving yours of the 22d. October by Colo. Laurens to whose information I am indebted for a very particular account of the situation of
13. Both in New Hampshire.
10. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Affairs to the southward. I had, previous to his arrival, been furnished by Congress with copies of your dispatches by Major Clarkson, who came forward himself to Head Quarters. By him I had the mortification of hearing of the ill success of the allied Arms before Savannah. While I regret the misfortune, I feel a very sensible pleasure in contemplating the gallant behaviour of the Officers and Men of the french and american Army, and it adds not a little to my consolation in learning that, instead of the mutual reproaches which too often follow the failure of enterprises, depending upon the cooperation of troops of different nations, their confidence in and esteem for each other is increased: I am happy in believing that the delicacy and propriety of your conduct, upon every occasion, has contributed much to this agreeable circumstance.
Before Colo. Laurens's arrival, the two Regiments of North Carolina had marched and immediately upon finding from your letters and from him the reduced state of your continental force and the little dependance to be put upon the precarious supplies of Militia, I submitted to Congress the propriety of detaching the whole of the Virginia line, expressing at the same time, my willingness to part with them, illy as they could be spared, should they judge it expedient after a full consideration of all circumstances. Congress having determined upon the propriety of the measure, the troops began to march the day before yesterday and I hope the whole will be in motion this day, should not the weather prevent them.
I have strongly recommended the transportation of them by water if Vessels can be procured and a convoy ensured. The advantages of this over a march by land are too obvious to need mentioning.
The unhappy system of short inlistments operates just now most forcibly upon the
troops in question, as well as upon the whole line of the Army, although the
total amount of the Virginians is at present upwards of 2500 I do not imagine it
will be practicable to move more than
I shall take the liberty in my turn of referring you to Colo. Laurens for a
minute account of our circumstances and situation, and I am happy in having the
testimony of so able a judge and so good a Man to witness that the utmost has
been done by me to afford relief to the quarter which so loudly and with so much
reason calls for assistance. I am, etc.
18. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: The Court Martial in the case of General Arnold of which you are
President is appointed to meet at this Town on the 20th. instant. I am therefore
to request that you will without fail attend at that time. I am etc.
Dear Sir: I have received Your Letter of the 7th. Instant, with Copies of the
papers to which you allude. As the appointment or promotion of Officers does not
in the least depend on me, I can not undertake to give you directions, in either
of the cases, in which you request it; however since they are before me, I shall
offer my sentiments with respect to them. As to the case of Majors
Maxwell
19. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton, This letter was sent open through General Heath, with a brief note directing him to “Seal and forward it to him [Howe] without loss of time.” This note is in the Massachusetts Historical Society.
70. Maj. Hugh Maxwell. He had been transferred from the Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment in July, 1779; was made lieutenant colonel in the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment in August, 1782; transferred to the Third Massachusetts Regiment in June, 1783; served to November, 1783.
tion was in consequence it seems, of Major Peter's
71. Lieut. Col. Andrew Peters, of the Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment. He had been major of the Second Massachusetts Regiment up to January, 1777, and resigned in November, 1779.
72. Lieut. Col. William Hull, of the Third Massachusetts Regiment. He was promoted from major in August, 1779.
73. Lieut. Col. Thomas Cogswell, of the Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment. He was promoted from major in November, 1779.
yet I dont see how they are to be refused, if the Arrangement and principles of promotion are once departed from. From a long and happy experience of their disposition, as well as the expressions in their present correspondence with you, I am most fully convinced the General Assembly wish nothing more than to promote the order and tranquility of the Army, and that if they could but have conceived of the consequences to which their decision will probably lead, they would have never adopted the proceeding in this case.
What I have said with respect to the proceeding in favor of Major Cogswell is founded more particularly on the inexpediency and impolicy of departing from the Arrangement and the Rules which have been established to govern promotions, and which in my opinion of themselves, independent of all other considerations should prevail: But besides these, from some peculiar circumstances attending the case, I will consider the grounds which seem to have influenced the Honourable the Assembly in their determination. These were, according to the president's Second Letter of the 26th. Ulto. Major Hull's not being in the list of the Officers appointed by the state; Major Cogswell's being a Captain before him in 1775, and his having been commissioned by the Court as a Major the 1st. of January 1777. With respect to the first, Major Hull was not appointed by the State to the majority in Colo Jackson's Regiment; he was appointed by me at the intercession of several Officers in the State line, and not without authority. I how
ever, reflecting on the points which are considered as difficulties, cannot but
regret the event, altho he is an Officer of great merit and whose services have
been honourable to himself, and honourable and profitable to his Country. In the
first instance, in order to expedite the raising of a new Army which the
exigency of our Affairs pressingly required, to supply the place of the Old
which was soon to dissolve, Congress left it to the Governments of the several
States by their Resolution of the 16 September 1776, to appoint the Officers and
fill up vacancies; but this was not granted by them, as a subsisting power;
because on the 22d. of Novr. following they were pleased to resolve “to send me
blank Commissions and to impower me to insert therein the names of such Officers
as I might think fit, not revoking the appointments which had been made by
Commissions from any of the States,” and which they farther enlarged and
extended to the filling up of vacancies by a subsequent Resolution of the 27th.
of Decr. It was under the authority of those Acts and at the request of several
of the State Officers, that I appointed Major Hull to Colo Jackson's Regiment,
but not till after the Gentleman (I believe a Mr. Swasey
74. Joseph Swasey.
I was then persuaded as I still am, that a Good Officer would and ever will be
an Object of the State's regard. As to the second ground, Major Cogswell's being
a Captain before Major Hull in 1775, I must observe at the period when the
latter was promoted a Major, there were no fixed and established rules of rising
in the Army. Our military arrangements had not provided for this with certainty
and the business was sometimes conducted on one ground, sometimes another, and
not upon the principle of lineal succession as a fixed mode; and therefore Major
Cogswell, then a Captain, could not claim to be promoted of right to the
majority in Colo Jackson's Regiment. If lineal succession or priority of
Commission is to be established now, as a principle of promotion existing at
that time, certain and fixed, and if it is in one case, it will be difficult to
refuse it in another; the Arrangement of the Massachusetts line will be
subverted by similar claims, and similar determinations. And with respect to the
third reason: Major Cogswell's having received a Commission as Major dated the
1st. of January 1777, there was certainly a mistake in carrying the date back to
that period; for if I understand the matter right and I believe I do, his
promotion from a Captain was in consequence of Major Vose
75. Maj. Elijah Vose, of the First Massachusetts Regiment. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel on February 21, 1777.
76. Lieut. Col. Joseph Vose, of the Twenty-fourth Continental Infantry. He was promoted to colonel of the First Massachusetts Regiment on Jan. 1, 1777.
serves, happened in the case of Colo Vose, whose Commission was dated the 1st. of January 1777, tho his rank as Colo. originated in the appointment of General Patterson. This, of justice and necessity was corrected, as has been the case in many other instances. But I need not have mentioned many of those points to you, as you must remember them from the share you had in the Arrangement. In a word, policy at least, required a strict adherence to the arrangement and the principles of promotion established, and there has been no injustice done Major Cogswell. Perhaps by your representation you may be able to get matters put right again, and I am sure you can scarcely render any more essential service than prevailing on the Honourable Assembly to preserve the Arrangement inviolate and to pursue the Rules of promotion which have been established. There seems to be something peculiarly hard in the case of Major Hull. He might as I have been long since told, been arranged a Lt Colo in the Connecticut line by the Committee of Congress at White plains in 1778; but many of the Massachusetts Officers discovered great uneasiness at the idea of his being taken from them, and he himself, hoping that all were content with his services and rank, generously refused the Offer and determined to remain where he was. But he has a better title than this. I only mention it as a trait of his character. Nor do I mean by any thing I have said, with respect to him, to take in the least from the merits of Major Cogswell. It has not been the practice in any case that I know of, for
Officers promoted by the States since the Arrangement to act by Warrants. Their promotions and appointments have been certified I believe by transmitting the Warrants or a List of them to the Board of War for Commissions, by which alone they have acted. I could wish this mode might be generally pursued, as the Board, having the Arrangement of the several lines before them, have it in their power to correct mistakes or at least to represent them, which they have done in several instances already. If Officers were once to act under warrants, it might be more difficult to remedy errors. And besides, Military propriety and the nature of the thing seem to determine, that an Officer of the States can only act under their Commission, and it has been understood that the Warrants mentioned in the Act of the 8th. of March, were to be the basis on which the Board are to proceed in issuing Commissions. Our Commission system unfortunately, is very complex, and unless the States will be accurate and adhere strictly to the principles of promotion, which is enjoined and explicitly required by the Act of the 28th. of June last, we shall always be in troubled water and the service embarrassed with unhappy feuds.
I return agreeable to your request, the Copy of Major Hull's memorial.
I cannot determine at present when the Light Infantry will rejoin their Regiments. Circumstances may arise, such as a large Detachment of the Enemy being sent from New York to admit of it, without any very probable injury. But without
this, it may be necessary to keep them embodied.
From the state of our Arsenals and the difficulty of obtaining supplies of Arms and Accoutrements, I am convinced your particular attention will be given to having those in the hands of Men whose services expire, retained and properly secured with the Commissary.
17th. Your favor of the 14th. came to hand last night, and I am happy to find you
are relieved with respect to supplies of bread and I hope they will continue.
Our distresses here on the same account have been equal to those you have
experienced; they still subsist and what is more alarming, the prospect of
seasonable relief is at least very precarious. The condition of the Qr. Mr. and
Other departments for want of money is fully before Congress and they will
without doubt, do all in their power to keep matters in train. I am convinced
you will meet with every support Governor Clinton can give and I am persuaded
Colo Hay's exertions will not be wanted in any instance. I am exceedingly
pleased to hear the attempts to reinlist the Troops succeeds so well. I am
etc.
[MS.H.S.]
77. In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
The objects of the detachment under your command are to cover the country from
Newark to Perth Amboy and the magazines of forage in the vicinity; to give
protection to the well affected inhabitants and restrain the others by
preventing all kind of intercourse with the enemy; and to obtain by every means
in your power the best intelligence of their movements and designs. I leave it
to your own judgment to take such a position relative to the sound as will best
answer these purposes, and be at the same time consistent with the security of
your detachment. But I would not have you to take post with the main body either
at Newark Eliz Town Amboy or any other place immediately on the Sound. Such a
position is too much exposed to a surprise and puts it in the power of the enemy
by a sudden and secret movement to gain your rear and cut off your retreat. You
will be safer at some miles from it and can advance proper guards to those
places which most require your protection and are best calculated to intercept
the several communications with the enemy. On this point I would recommend to
you to consult General Maxwell, whose knowledge of all that part of the country
will enable him to give you the fullest information. Raway
31. Rahway, N.J.
The detestable and pernicious traffic carried on with the enemy will demand your peculiar vigilance and attention. I entreat you to pursue the most decisive measures to put a stop to it. No flags are to be sent or persons suffered to go into the enemy without a permit from The Governour of the State or from Head Quarters. I need not recommend to you to take every possible precaution to guard against surprises and for the security of the corps under your command.
You will be pleased punctually to advise me of every occurrence of importance
that comes within your notice.
Sir: General Parsons, with a detachment, is under marching orders towards the Sound: When he arrives at the place of his destination he will give you notice, and, you will march your brigade immediately to camp. If any part of your men should be so bare of cloathing as to be incapable of marching you may leave such behind under the care of proper officers 'till cloathing can be sent to them; though it will be best if it can be done that the whole should march; they will be the sooner sup
32. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
plied and the transportation will be saved. Part of your cloathing is already
here and the rest coming on. You had best send your state Clothier and Col
Spencer's Pay Master to receive your proportion and have it ready for
distribution when the troops arrive. The State Clothier will bring with him an
exact return of all the state cloathing in his possession. I am, &c.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 26th. of November which with the papers inclosed I have transmitted to Governor Clinton and requested his interposition to prevent the prosecutions, if, upon inquiry he has reason to believe them vexatious. It were however to be wished the effects taken had been reported with their owners to the Committee and subjected to their disposal. Perhaps it may be adviseable to see the Governor yourself and give him a more particular explanation. If you choose to do this, I have directed General Heath to grant you a leave of absence. I am, etc.
P.S. The money which arose from the sale of the effects (left in Colonel Whitings
hands) must be subject to the Governor's order.
30. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
33. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
Dear Sir: I yesterday received a letter of the 28th. ulto from his Excellency Govr. Jefferson of which the inclosed is an extract. It being impossible for me, under present circumstances to take up the Business, you will be pleased to follow the directions therein contained, and nominate such Officers to re-inlist the old soldiers as you shall deem best qualified for that purpose. Inclosed you will find blank instructions signed by the Governor. The sub Inspector will be the proper Officer to re view and receive the Men reinlisted with the Army; but as the Congress will probably determine that those Men whose times of service will shortly expire shall not proceed to the southward, Officers must in that case be left to command them, some of whom may also have reinlisting instructions delivered to them, and you may appoint an Officer out of that number (agreeable to the requisition of the act of the State) to review and receive the Recruits, and make Returns of them from time to time to the Governor. He may also review any receive any new Recruits, should the State think it expedient to send out Officers on that service.
I shall write to Colo. Davies by the post and inform him that it will be absolutely necessary for him, if he inclines to continue in the Office of sub Inspector,
to join the line. He is to give his answer to you, and if he declines it, you have liberty to appoint Lt. Colo. Cabell to that duty.
Colo. Bland having resigned, I am directed by Congress to appoint an Officer to
succeed him in the superintendency of the Convention troops at Charlotteville. I
have fixed upon Colo. Wood for that purpose, to whom you will be pleased to
deliver the inclosed. Should he be gone from Philada, you will be kind enough to
forward the letter to him by an Express who will deliver it to him carefully. I
am etc.
Sir: I have recd. your favor of the 10th. As you are to proceed with the Virginia
troops you will take measures for the transportation of your baggage that you
may not be detained or obliged to return on this account. I am etc.
36. The draft is in the writing of 'Tench Tilghman. The letter sent is in the possession (1933) of Mrs. Thomas M. Taylor, of New York City.
37. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Dear Sir: I am glad to find, by yours of the 16th. ulto. that you had nearly surmounted the difficulty attending the march of the troops from Petersburg. I have no objection to your proceeding yourself to the southward, which I hope will afford that relief to your disorder which you expect. You will give the most pointed orders to the Officer who shall be left to bring on the Rear, not to lose a moments time in getting them under march.
I am confident that you did every thing in your power to promote the public good
at as small an expense as possible, and we must in this instance, as in many
others, attribute the monstrous nominal sum of Doctor Shores
Dr Sir: Colonel Bland having obtained permission to resign, and Congress having directed me to appoint a successor
38. Dr. John Shore.
39. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
I am induced, from a confidence in your judgment care and prudence to make choice of you for the purpose. You will therefore proceed as soon as you can possibly make it convenient to Charlotteville and take the command at that post. Colonel Bland will communicate to you the instructions he has received from time to time, which you will punctually observe together with any others you may hereafter receive from the Governor of Virginia; and I would recommend to you to consult Colonel Bland very particularly on the objects of your command, as he will have it in his power to give you useful in formation. The proper management of the Convention troops will require great circumspection. While I do not wish you to show them any unnecessary rigour, I wish you to be extremely cautious not to grant any improper indulgences. To avoid this you may frequently have to resist a great deal of importunity; I am persuaded you will not permit any thing in consistent with the good of the service.
Any propositions you may receive on Exchanges or other matters, to which your
instructions are not competent, you will impart to Congress and request their
orders. I am etc.
40. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
Dr. Sir: I do not recollect whether you ever made a Return of the Officers and
Men of Baylors Regiment as directed by [mine of]
Sir: The 20th. of this month being appointed for the trial of Major Genl. Arnold,
and he having signified that your evidence is essential on this occasion, you
will be pleased to attend at this place, at the above mentioned time. I am
etc.
41. Inadvertently omitted in the draft.
42. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
43. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Sir: I have directed General Du Portail to meet you tomorrow morning, that you may in conjunction with him examine all the ground in the environs and make a written report to me, without the delay of the different spots which appear most proper to be occupied in case of any movement of the enemy towards us, pointing out the comparative advantages and disadvantages of each.
You will consider the several positions as relative to an army of ten thousand men in two lines, three divisions in the 1st. and two divisions in the second. This I propose for the order of battle as far as the nature of the ground will permit. I am, etc.
Be pleased to send the inclosed immediately to General Du Portail and propose an
hour of meeting.
Sir: No Cloathing but Coats and Waistcoats having yet arrived here, though the other Articles are every moment expected,
59. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
the Gentlemen appointed to draw for your Brigade and Spencers Regt. have preferred waiting till the troops arrive on their ground, by which time, I hope they will be able to draw the whole of their Bounty cloaths together.
You are to march by the most direct Route to Mr. Kembles about four Miles south
of this; your place of encampment being in that neighbourhood. You had best send
the Quarter Masters forward to receive information of their ground from the
Quarter Master General. I am, etc.
Dear Sir: Yours of yesterday came to hand late last night. I had receive an account by some Gentlemen from Newark that the fleet had certainly sailed, which I find by yours was premature. The same account mentioned that a great number of flat Boats and some Horse were on board. I would wish you to endeavour to ascertain the truth of these circumstances. It is probable they are waiting untill they are fully informed of the situation of the French Fleet.
Our Magazines of Flour and Rum, particularly the former, are, as you may suppose rather scanty. I hope
62. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
upon application to the Gentlemen to whom the inclosed is addressed, who are
Commissioners for collecting Wheat in Bergen County, your want of Flour will be
relieved. A Hogshead of Rum is ordered down to you. I shall immediately send Mr.
Pendletons
P.S. While the Enemy remain in force at New York there seems a necessity of the
light Corp's continuing its present position. If any of the Officers are in want
of necessaries, which they have not with them, I think they had best send for
them as the time of their stay below is so very uncertain.
[H.S.P.]
Sir: You will be pleased to meet the Qr. Master General tomorrow morning and in conjunction with him examine all the grounds in the environs of our present encampment and make a written report to me without delay, of the different spots which appear most proper to be occupied in case of any movement of the enemy towards us; pointing out the comparative advantages and disadvantages of each. You will at the same time yourself critically examine our present position and
60. James Pendleton. He was captain in the First Continental Artillery and served to the close of the war. He is called “captain” in Tilghman's draft of this letter.
61. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
64. The draft is in the writing of George Augustine Washington.
report your opinion how far it may be susceptible of defence and what works will be necessary for the purpose.
The positions in the first case are to be considered relative to an army of ten
thousand men; and the order of battle proposed, as far as circumstances and the
nature of the ground will permit is in two lines; the first of three divisions
and the last of two divisions; but as the number will be diminished some time
hence, by the expiration of the term of service for which a part of the men are
engaged, you will pay attention to this, in the consideration of the position we
now occupy and the works proper for its defence. I am, etc.
The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
Sir: You will suspend the removal of the Continental park of Artillery and Stores
from Providence to Springfield, untill further orders. But you will have them
collected and held in readiness to move at the shortest warning. I am,
etc.
Dear Sir: The whole of the Virginia line being ordered to the Southward, it
becomes indispensibly necessary, that a sub Inspector should accompany them, to
perform the duties incidental to that Office. Should you have so far compleated
the arrangement of your private Affairs, for which you obtained leave of
Absence, as to be able to proceed with the troops from Virginia, you can join
them upon their march thro' the State. But should it not be convenient for you,
you will be pleased to signify the same to General Woodford, who has authority,
in that case, to appoint Lt. Colo. Cabell. I am, etc.
Sir: Inclosed you have the Copy of a letter which I received from Mr. Laurance the Judge advocate after he had examined and considered the several papers transmitted to me by Congress on the subject of your complaints against Dr.
69. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Shippen, which were put into his hands in order that he might form the charges
for his arrest. It is my wish and intention to arrest the Doctor as soon as it
can be done and to bring on his trial immediately after those of Genl. Arnold
and Col Hooper are finished. But you will perceive by the letter from the judge
Advocate that you have not laid the charges with sufficient certainty and
precision on which to found an arrest and which must be done before it can be
made. I therefore request that you will furnish me as soon as possible with the
specific charges which you mean to prefer against him as without they are more
particularly defined the business cannot be proceeded upon. I am, etc.
Sir: I have been favored with your letter of the 7th. A warrant has been issued and the money received by the officer employed on this occasion for the whole amount of the abstracts and that expended for reenlisting.
There being no arrangements formed for recruiting in the country, and the State bounties for short services so greatly exceeding the Continental, as to afford small pros
79. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
pect of success in such attempts, all I can do is to recommend to your best endeavours the re inlisting those men whose times of service are nearly expiring before their leaving the regiment, upon such encouragement as is allowed by Congress; that is to every soldier, or man reinlisting for the war a bounty of 200 Dollars, and a gratuity to the officer of ten.
With regard to commissions to the officers you have named, it is not at this time
in our power to take up the matter. And at least 'till some further arrangements
take place things must remain in their present situation. I am etc.
Dear Sir: I have recd. your favr. of the 16th I am fully of opinion that those people who undertake to procure intelligence under cover of carrying produce into New York, and bringing out Goods in return, attend more to their own emoluments than to the business with which they are charged, and we have generally found their information so vague and trifling, that there is no placing dependance upon it. Besides it opens a door to a very extensive and pernicious traffic. You seem to intimate that an advan
80. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
tageous chain of intelligence might be established by the means of Money. Be pleased to make inquiry into this matter, and if you find proper persons for the purpose let me know the terms and the sum requisite, that I may see whether it comes within the limits of our scanty funds of hard money, as I suppose that kind is meant. But be pleased to say whether that or paper is the object. I approve of the measures you have taken with the Flag Boats, and it is my wish, that those persons, whoever they may be, who are concerned in the practice of bringing goods from New York, may be discovered. I am not acquainted with the laws of the State respecting the seizure of goods, but I wish you to inform yourself of them and put them strictly in execution.
You make mention of the number of Corps which left Staten Island on the 14th. but you say nothing of what remained. I beg you will make this the subject of your first inquisition, and endeavour to gain a particular knowledge of the situation and construction of their Works upon the Island.
Captain Bedkin, who is at Quibble town, will, upon delivery of the inclosed, send
you a non Commd. Officer and four Dragoons.
84. On December 18 Richard Kidder Meade wrote to Capt. Henry Bedkin, of
Pulaski's Legion, requesting him to send a noncommissioned officer and four
dragoons to Westfield, “where they will receive orders from Genl Parsons.”
Meade's letter is in the Washington Papers.
85. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: When you were last at Head Quarters, you mentioned that there were some
Men in your Brigades who claimed their dismissions now, but who might, upon a
strict construction of their inlistments, be detained a while longer. Perhaps it
may be as well, all circumstances considered, to endeavour to reenlist those who
come under the above description by giving them a furlough now, but if they will
not engage for the War upon those terms, you may discharge them immediately, as
they will render little service between this and the time when their inlistments
evidently expire and they contribute to the consumption of provisions. I am,
etc.
83. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Practically the same letter was also sent to Brig. Gen. Mordecai Gist. The
draft of this, by Tilghman, is in the Washington
Papers.
Sir: From the wretched and miserable condition of many of the Troops for want of their Cloathes, Many of them
being absolutely naked, I must urge again in the most earnest terms, that you
will use every possible and Instant exertion to have the clothing as formerly
directed, brought forward that it may be delivered. The public service, as well
as the dictates of humanity require that it should be done without a moment's
delay. That there may not be any impediments on the score of transportation, you
will apply to the Quarter Master Genl and inform him it is my desire that every
practicable exertion should be made to get the Cloathing down. I am, etc.
Sir: The distress of a great part of the troops for want of Cloathing, particularly in the essential article of shoes, which would render them useless, should circumstances require the activity of the army, induces me to request your exertions to give the Clothier the assistance he may stand in need of for bringing on his supplies. These have been delayed, much longer than I expected for want of the means of transportation; and it is certainly of very great importance in the present posture of things that we should have it in our power to avail ourselves of the whole of our small force on an emergency. I am, &c.
86. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
The Cavalry will be ordered to Colchester.
Dear Sir: I have re-considered the point, with respect to placing General Gist on
the Court martial for the trial of Genl. Arnold, in your room; and as there are
reasons to induce me to wish that the Court first appointed should suffer no
change but such as very pressing circumstances require, It is my desire that you
should continue if it can be done without an essential injury to you. The Trial
I hope will not take up a great deal of time, and as the Evenings are long you
may still be preparing and making your arrangements for your Journey. I am,
etc.
Dr. Sir: I have been favored with your letter of the 18th. Of the objects that claim the enemy's attention it is difficult to determine which is their choice. Should circum
87. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
88. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
stances prevent them making detachments, or from the prosecution of any remote enterprise, which they may have designed, and their whole force be thereby detained in this quarter, such an attempt as you have suggested is by no means improbable. The doing of something would become a matter of necessity. It would appear, however, that much of their present seeming embarrassment is owing to the Count De Grasse, with his squadron remaining on our coast.
I should not have the smallest objection to Major Moore's continuing with you, did not his duties in the line of the army, as brigade major, and brigade inspector, render his presence here indispensible. That I may be enabled to complete the field officers, in which you are deficient, you will be pleased to return the number wanted, and the lines from which they are to be drawn.
I have directed an equivalent of men from the Maryland troops, for those whose
times of service have expired, and have left you. The two Pennsylvania companies
may remain in Col. Butler
The shoes have not yet reached us, nor is there a single pair in the store. I am not less anxious than you are, to have the men speedily furnished with this article, and shall give you notice the moment they arrive.
Our situation with respect to provision, or flour, is no wise preferable to yours. Nothing is left undone to bring for
89. Col. Richard Butler, of the Ninth Pennsylvania Regiment.
ward a proper supply; till this can be effected you must eke out your quota with
as much parsimony as possible. I am etc.
[H.S.P.]
Dear Sir: I have your favr. of the 18th. inclosing a Return of the number of Men in your Regt. of Light Infantry, and the quantity of clothing which each detachment has drawn from the Regiment to which it properly belongs in the line, from which it is evident, that you have not had justice done to you. When the distribution of Cloathing was made at West point, it was in the following proportion.
¾the number of Coats to the number of non-commd. Officers and privates borne upon the Muster Rolls and intitled to Cloathing. ¾number of Vests do. ½number of Breeches do. ⅓ number of shirts do. ⅓number of Hose do. 792 Blankets to the whole line.
This was in proportion to the stock on hand, and
90. In the writing of James McHenry.
as it is known that a considerable number of Men are borne upon the Muster
Rolls, more than are present, it was imagined the delivery then made would
furnish most of the Men inlisted for the War and those who had a length of time
to serve; Indeed the General order enjoined the commanding Officers of Regiments
to have regard, in the distribution, to the length of service. However, that the
Men may be relieved, as soon as possible, you will be pleased to make out a
Return of the Cloathing actually wanting to make them comfortable and it shall
be delivered the moment it comes down from New Windsor. I will send up a Copy of
the return you transmitted me, to General Heath, and will direct him to make
inquiry into the reason of so very partial a distribution. Perhaps some of the
Cloathing may yet remain with the Regiments; If it does, it may be sent down; If
not, the Men under your command must be fully supplied here, and the Officers
above must account for the manner in which they have disposed of what they draw.
I am etc.
Dr Sir: On a representation of Mr. Hubbard
92. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
93. Nehemiah Hubbard. He was Deputy Forage Master General.
ments of Horse at Middle Town and Weathers field would be very difficult and
productive of an enormous expence, I am to desire you will remove them to
Colchester, where a Magazine of Forage is laid in, and a sufficient quantity of
Stable room can be provided. I am etc.
[HV.L.]
Dear Sir: I have been favd. with yours of the 30th. November and 16th. Inst. The practice of trading under the cover of procuring intelligence has grown to such a height that there is an absolute necessity of putting a stop to it. To avoid giving any umbrage to the Government of the State, I would have you confine your observations to the sailing of the fleets from New York, and whenever any capital movement takes place communicate it immediately to the president of Congress as well as to me. Desire those who keep a look out to endeavour to distinguish the number and size of Ships of War, whenever a fleet sails.
If you can find convenient and safe Winter Quarters in the County of Monmouth, I shall prefer it to your drawing off towards Burlington as the forage in that Quar
94. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
ter will be wanted at Trenton, from whence we shall draw our supplies of provision that come from the southward. If the Country where you are will afford Forage for more than your own Corps, I can reinforce you with some detached troops of Horse.
Should the opportunity which you have long waited for present itself, I intirely confide in your prudence in the execution of the business. I am etc.
P.S. Be pleased to take the first opportunity of returning the dispatches for
Count D'Estaing.
91. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Dear Sir: Notwithstanding the long preparations at New York and the strong
appearances of a large Detachment's being made from thence, it seems certain
from very recent advices, that no Troops have sailed as yet, and that the Enemy
hold themselves in collected force. What their designs really are I have not
been able to learn, altho I have taken all the pains in my power to effect
it.
99. Sir Henry Clinton wrote to Germain (December 15): “Every disposition is made for the Embarkation of the Force destined to Act in Carolina, and I wait in anxious suspense for further Accounts of the French Fleet: Until we have these, it is thought too hazardous to proceed.” The knowledge Clinton had of Washington's situation is demonstrated by the last paragraph of this letter: “The Rebel Army are taking up their Winter Cantonments, but are not yet so settled as to enable me to pronounce where they will finally he fixed: Washington with a great part of the Army is at Morris-Town, and Detachments have quitted him to the amount of 2,500 Men to March to the Southward, amongst these is their Corps of Light Infantry.”Clinton's letter is in the Library of Congress Transcripts, C. O, 5, 99: 31.
give me support; and in order to this, I wish the Signals, by a previous and
immediate arrangement between You and His Excellency Governor Clinton, may be
made to answer the purpose of calling out the Militia to garrison the posts
during the absence of the Continental Troops. They should not be drawn out for
less than Ten or Twelve days, and, if practicable on account of our supplies of
flour, it will be adviseable for each Man to bring with him flour for that time;
this to be paid for by the public. You will communicate with the Governor on
these several points, who I am convinced will do all in his power to promote
them. On your hearing of the Enemy's being in motion towards this Army, in such
a way as you can depend upon it, You will make the Signals for calling in the
Militia, and hold the Troops of the Garrison in readiness to march at the
shortest warning. I am, etc.
[MS. H. S.]
Dear Sir: Inclosed you have the Copy of a Return which I received the 18th. instant from Colo. Putnam, specifying the number of Men drawn from each Regiment of the line, to compose his Regiment
1. In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
of Infantry, and the quantity of Cloathing furnished to each detachment. Colo.
Putnam complains, with justice, of the partiality of the distribution referred
to in the Return, as not bearing a due proportion to the quantity delivered to
the state Cloathier at West point. The proportion observed then was as
follows…
The above was an equitable dividend of the Stock on hand, and, as the number of Men borne upon the Muster Rolls are generally more than are present, it was imagined, that most of those for the War, and who had a length of time to serve, would be thereby furnished, at least, with Coats and Vests. By comparing Colo. Putnams return with the foregoing state, you will at once perceive how very far short, the detachments with the Infantry, fall of their proportions of Coats and Waistcoats particularly. I have to request you to make enquiry into this matter, and to desire, if any Cloathing is left in the hands of the sub and Regimental Cloathiers, that it may be sent to the Infantry. If there is none, they must account for the manner of disposal of what
4. The omitted portion is the same as that given in Washington's letter to
Col. Rufus Putnam, Dec. 20, 1779, q.v.
was delivered to them. The General Order, respecting the distribution,
positively enjoined that regard should be had to length of service, wherefore,
if the cloathing has been delivered out to those whose times of service were
near expiring, to the detriment of the remainder, the commanding Officers of
Regiments ought to be answerable. I shall be obliged to deliver a supply, from
the Store here, to some of the Men who are absolutely in a manner naked, and
should there be nothing in the hands of the sub or regimental Cloathiers, I must
compleat the whole, out of what is barely sufficient for the Corps which have
not yet been served with a single suit. I am etc.
[MS. H. S.]
Dr. Sir: Since I spoke with you some circumstances have changed the appearance of
the two matters we talked over. The article of provision looks more promising,
and the hard weather may delay the sailing of the enemy. You will therefore, if
agreeable use the present time for the purpose of your request. I am etc.
5. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
6. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Dear Sir: Inclosed you have the several papers respecting the claims of Captains
Becker
Sir: I have received Your letter of Yesterday and am extremely concerned to find that you meet with such difficulties in quartering the Officers whose rank and situation require they should be lodged in the Houses in the vicinity of the Army. I regret
7. Capt. Henry Bicker (Becker), jr., of the Fourth Pennsylvania Regiment. He retired in January, 1783.
8. Capt. Garret Stediford, of the Fourth Pennsylvania Regiment. He resigned on May 23, 1781.
9. The draft is in the writing of Teach Tilghman.
that the Inhabitants should be unwilling to give shelter to men who have made and are still making every sacrifice in the service of their Country; and that the Magistrates should refuse to give you effectual aid in a matter to which in my opinion by a liberal and necessary construction of the law, their authority is fully competent.
The dilemma is perplexing. On one hand, nothing I wish so much as to avoid the
least deviation from the line prescribed by the law; on the other, it is
impossible the Officers can remain without proper covering. If the Obstacles
cannot be removed so as to satisfy the Law, necessity decides that you must
proceed in quartering the Officers yourself in such Houses as the good of the
service may require, having all possible regard to the circumstances of the
Inhabitants, that none may be distressed or incommoded more than is unavoidable.
To this I are persuaded your own disposition will induce you to pay the
strictest attention. But before you have recourse to this step, you will make
one more application to the Magistrates, which you will be pleased to do in
writing, and request their answer also in writing. You will expose to them the
reasonableness and necessity of their concurrence and inform them what we shall
be compelled to do, if they decline giving their assistance with cordiality and
efficacy. Should they again refuse, you will then have no alternative but to do
as I have mentioned. I am etc.
11. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
Sir: You will proceed with the detachment under your command to Paramus. The objects of it are to cover the communication between this and Kings Ferry; to give protection to the well affected Inhabitants and restrain the others by preventing all kind of intercourse with the Enemy and to obtain the best intelligence of their movements and designs. The many disaffected people in that neighbourhood renders your caution against surprises peculiarly necessary, to prevent which you will constantly advance proper Guards and Patroles. You are not to permit the passing of Flags or private persons on their own business on any pretence whatever.
The detestable and pernicious traffic carried on with the Enemy will demand your greatest vigilance and attention. I intreat you to pursue the most decisive measures to put a stop to it.
You will be pleased punctually to advise me of every occurrence of importance
that comes within your knowledge.
12. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade. From a photostat of the original kindly furnished by Julian F. Thompson, of Bridgeport, Conn.
Sir: From the very distressed situation of the Troops and their importunate
incessant applications for Many Articles of Cloathing, particularly Shoes, his
Excellency wishes to know what information you have received with respect to the
Cloathing coming on, and when you expect it will arrive. If you have no
intelligence of its being in motion or in such a train that it's arrival may be
justly looked for in a very short time, the General thinks it will be absolutely
necessary for you or Mr. Moylan to proceed to New Burg or Chester, or wherever
the Cloathing is, in order to hurry the transportation of it with all possible
dispatch. His Excelly desires me to add, that the deficiency of Shoes is so
extensive, that a great proportion of the Army is totally incapable of duty and
could not move on the most pressing exigency. I am etc.
Dr. Sir: Hearing that you had written to Mr.
10. The draft is in the writing of and is signed “R: H: Harrison, Secy.”
Mitchell yesterday to repair to this place immediately; and convinced that you
knew nothing of the letter I had received from him in consequence of my summons
some days ago, I now inclose you a copy of it to shew how far his absence from
Philadelphia may retard the march of the Virginia Troops and affect the business
of supplies. You will judge from this whether it will be necessary to
countermand your order to him, for the public service ought not to suffer in the
affair. Yours, &c.
Dr Sr: I did not send counter orders to Col Mitchell; but in consequence of his letter, I took it for granted his attendance here must be dispensed with as it appeared to be essential in Philadelphia. I sent you a copy of his letter to give you an idea of the situation of things there, as I had been informed you had sent for him by express; and meant to leave it with you after this to judge whether he could be spared from where he now is or not. If the service will not suffer by his absence, my desire to give General Arnold every advantage he is entitled to, would make me wish him to come to Camp; but if he cannot do it without injury to the service other considerations must give
15. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade and Alexander Hamilton.
place to this. You best know the exigencies of your own department and will act
in the affair accordingly. If you are clear it will be no material disadvantage
to bring Colonel Mitchell from Philadelphia, you may let the matter remain as it
stands; but if the contrary is to be expected I wish you to countermand the
order you sent him yesterday. You will please to inform me whether you do the
latter or not. I am etc.
Dr. Sir: I received Yesterday both Your Letters of that date. The Note Mr.
Tilghman gave was only intended to authorise Hatfield to meet his Brother once,
whom he expressed a desire of seeing and from which occasion he expected he
might obtain some interesting intelligence. From the information I have had of
the character of this family of people, I am by no means
satisfied that they would answer any valuable purposes, if they were employed;
and therefore I wish it to be declined, at least for the present. If I should be
authorized, by my farther inquiries to repose a proper confidence in them,
matters of pay and privileges may be then adjusted.
14. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
I am not clear, from your Letter, whether Mr. Beatty's Letter has gone to New
York or not. If it has and the Articles requested by him of Mr. Loring come out,
you will send them back, it being my determination to prevent the practice, as
far as it can be done in every possible instance. You call Mr. Beatty's Letter,
which you inclose a Copy ; if it is, I wish to know how
it came to your hands. I am etc.
Dr. Sir: I am this moment favored with your letter of this date, and its
inclosure.
16. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
17. Parson's letter of December 23, in the Washington
Papers, stated that: “Yesterday a Convention was held among their [the
British] Officers on whom the Command would devolve on the Fleet's Sailing and
they agreed Genl. Kniphausen would command. Yesterday on firing a Signal Gun it
was observed that the Signal was for a Ship of War to fall down, and that St.
Harry Clinton was to take his Passage in the Ship; this Morning a large Fleet
fell down to the Hook…the Number of Troops to be imployd will be under Two
Commands for different Purposes, nearly in the Proportion of 8,000 to
2,000,”
18. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Dear Sir: The state of the 4th. and 11th. Regiments of Pennsylvania in respect to
Cloathing is represented to me as being so deplorable, that I must request you
to endeavour to accommodate them immediately with the ready made Cloathing that
came from Philada. or at least so much of it as will cover those who are naked;
this will make no odds in the end, and I doubt not but the Officers of those
Regiments will cheerfully lend their Taylors to assist in making up the
Cloathing for the others. There seems an absolute necessity for measures of this
kind, as I am informed that every day takes down more or less of the Men. I am
etc.
Sir: You will proceed with your corps to Monmouth County and take such a station as will best accommodate your men and horses and enable you to communicate with Major Lee for the purposes of mutual security, covering the country and preventing all intercourse between the inhabitants and
19. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
the enemy. As your corps has been upon very active and severe duty during the campaign, I do not require that your attention to these objects should engage you in any duties inconsistent with its repose, so far as may be requisite to the comfort of your men and the accommodation of your horses. Without interfering with these, I am persuaded you will wish to be as useful as you can. You will immediately open a correspondence with Major Lee.
P.S. No flags are on any pretence to pass to or from the enemy.
Dear Sir: Col. Armandt who is to take a Station this Winter in Monmouth County
will on his arrival there give you notice of it, and afterwards communicate with
you for the mutual security of both Commands. I am etc.
20. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
21. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
Sir: I have received your favour of this date, inclosing a copy of Mr.
Blanes
Sir: By the inclosed Extract you will find that the 750 Waist-coats due the
Virginia line cannot be furnished at Philadelphia. You will therefore be pleased
to take immediate measures to have them forwarded to Trenton; should the troops
have left that to proceed after them to Philadelphia. I am &c.
22. Col. Ephraim Blaine.
23. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
31. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
Sir: Your Letter of this date to Mr. Harrison has been laid before me. On account
of the very distressed situation of Monsr. de AntrocheNew York on parole , to return when called
for. If he can effect his absolute exchange for the Officer intitled in regular
course, It will be agreeable to me.
With respect to Mr. Boudinot's request for borrowg. Captain Pitcairn
24. Ensign—Dante, roche, of the Sixty-second Font, British Army.
25. Capt. Thomas Pitcairn, of the Eighty-second Foot, British Army.
attend it. And I should hope that no inconveniencies would result from our not
being able to comply with his request, as the Enemy may carry on the Exchanges
for the Hessian Officers Mr. Boudinot mentions as belonging to the State.
Possibly the Enemy's wishes to get favourite Officers may be an impediment; but
they are not to be indulged as they please. I am, etc.
Dr Sir: Yesterday your Obliging favor of the 20th.
26. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
came to hand. I am exceedingly sorry so many obstacles have occurred to impede the advance of the Troops, and that these in part, from the season, are likely to encrease the distance of your march more than was intended. I have the most implicit confidence that no efforts will be wanting on your part to overcome such as are practicable and to answer the expectations of Congress, however things may turn out in the event.
I have written to the Cloathier General about the Waiscoats and he will put them in motion to day for Trenton, or Philadelphia, should circumstances require it.
I consider the Virginia troops now as entirely subject to the arrangements of Congress or the Honourable the Board of War; however I think the forming the Men that are to go with you, into three Battalions, as you propose, an eligible plan, and I doubt not but you will do it in such a way with respect to the Officers, as will be most agreeable.
As to the Officers and Men that do not proceed for the Southward, on account of the short duration of the Inlistments of the latter, Congress and the Board will direct the conduct they are to pursue. You are certainly right, in my opinion, in advising against their return to the Army, and for the reasons you have assigned, and in addition, their not returning will contribute in some degree to lessen our difficulties on the subject of supplies of provision, which are distressing almost in the extreme. If they become a little worse, they
will be quite so, and if they continue even as they now are for any length of time; It will be difficult indeed to keep things a going.
I have transmitted regularly to Congress the intelligence I have received with respect to the embarkation of the Enemy, of which you will have heard and have only to repeat the assurances of sincere regard etc.
P.S. His Excelly, Governor Jefferson's orders to Mr. Moss
Sir: I have recd. yours of the 28th. Novemr. by Capt. Wool cot,
32. Capt. John Moss, Virginia agent for stores.
33. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
36. Capt. Giles Wolcott, of Warner's Additional Continental regiment. He retired in January, 1781.
37. Capt. William Sherman. He was paymaster of Warner's Additional Continental regimen t and retired in January, 1781.
may have been the case with part of the Blankets and other Articles. I have therefore suspended giving Capt. Woolcot an order for any new Cloathing untill the old is accounted for. If Capt Sherman has been guilty of selling the Watch Coats, he should be immediately arrested.
I gave you, when at Head Quarters a Warrant for 10,000, dollars and I observe
that you have only inlisted 5 Recruits. You must therefore have a considerable
sum in your hands. When it is expended, you are to transmit a list of the names
of the men inlisted regularly attested. I am, etc.
38. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
Sir: I have been favd. with yours of the 3d. Inst. I imagine the Governor will
make provision for the protection of the small frontier posts, upon the
expiration of the nine months Men. The Cloathing for your Regiment has been
drawn by your State Cloathier and has been before this sent up to them. I cannot
direct the Commissary of Hides to deliver raw Hides to you without infringing
the regulations of that department, which puts him under the controul of the
Board of War and Cloathier General. I am etc.
Dear Sir: I have received your two letters of the 15th. & 16th. of december. I am extremely sorry that the question of quartering the cavalry stands upon so very disagreeable a footing between Mr. Hubbard and yourself. But there are reasons which will not suffer me to retract the order contained in mine of the 20th. Though I doubt not the cavalry may be well pro
50. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman. The letter sent, which is in the William Ely Collection, Providence, R. I. (1933), varies slightly from the draft and is dated December 26.
vided and accommodated at the places you wish; yet I prefer Colchester, because large magazines are already formed there and other preparations made. I am told too all your wood where you now are must be brought several miles at an enormous expense; at any rate fresh purchases of forage must be made, which in the present exhausted state of the treasury is scarcely practicable, or if practicable, unadviseable. You will therefore remove to Colchester. I am, etc.
P.S. I wish to receive from You by the earliest opportunity a Return of the Officers and Men in your Regiment, who be long to the State of Virginia. You will mention the names and rank of the first; the number of the latter will do, in which you will note how many of them are engaged for the War and to what other periods the rest stand engaged. With respect to the filling up the vacancy for the Majority, as you mention several Captains as competitors, I conclude there is some un certainty who has the right to succeed. I do not know how the Gentlemen stand in point of seniority; and must there fore request you will transmit me a list of the dates of their respective commissions, with a state of whatever other pretensions they may have.
I cannot account for the irregularity which so frequently happens in the returns of the cavalry; I must insist on their being made monthly, and can think no mo
tive sufficient for an omission.
Dr Sir: I this day received your favor of the 22d. I have granted a Warrant to
Lieut. Blake
I am truly concerned at the present state of your supplies of flour. It is
however nothing more than what I was aware of, and I doubt not but you will take
every step in your power to reconcile the want as well as possible. You may be
assured our situation is much worse, for the Troops here are at half allowance
and that of rice only. It really appears hard that this should be the case, when
as you observe there is by no means a real scarcity of Grain and I wish the
alternative to obtain it may not be by seisure, though I still hope by the
activity of our Commissaries, that there may not be occasion for so disagreeable
a step. I can only say that every thing in my power has been done to keep the
Army supplied. I am, etc.
52. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton and Robert Hanson Harrison.
60. Lieut. Thomas Blake, of the First New Hampshire Regiment. He served to the end of the war.
61. “Decr. 26th To Lt. Blake 1st New Hampshire regt. for the purpose of
reenlisting for the war the men of that line to be accounted for by Genl Poor
10,000.” This memo is in the “Warrant Books” in the Washington Papers.
62. The draft is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
Sir: I have received Your Letter of the 22d. Instant, inclosing Three from the British Commissary of prisoners of the 30th. of Novr. and the 3 and 9 of this month, with a Memorial from a Mr. Spillard, an Assistant Commissary.
It is agreeable to me that a flag Vessel should be sent to Rhode Island with Cloathing for the prisoners of War at Rutland, to be conveyed under the care of a German and British Serjeant as proposed, for the purpose of delivering it. A passport is accordingly inclosed which you will transmit to Mr. Loring, and directions will be given to the Quarter Master to provide for the transportation. I shall refer the request for a Quarter Master and a Serjeant or two to proceed to Philadelphia with a supply of the same Article, to Congress and will communicate their decision as soon as it is known. Till this is received, you may suspend your answer to Mr. Loring with respect to this particular subject.
In regard to the Enemy's proposal for the exchange of the prisoners at Fort
Frederick and Winchester. I should wish to know at any rate, before I could
determine the point, how the exchange account of privates stands between us, and
what number and who they are that they have in the Sugar House.
I have no authority to grant the indulgence
64. At New York.
requested in behalf of Lieut Clove.
As matters are circumstanced I do not see that any farther notice can be taken of the exchange of Capn Goodale, though it was a most irregular proceeding.
I have no objection to Mr. Spillard's going to New York on parole for
I return you the three Letters from Mr. Loring, but request you to furnish me with Copies.
His Excellency the Governor of Rhode Island will be advised by next post, that permission is granted for a Flag Vessel to proceed to Taunton River with Cloathing to be conveyed under the care of Two Serjeants, for the Prisoners at Rutland.
You will inform Mr. Loring when the Vessel arrives; it will be necessary for the
Master to communicate an account of it by some Inhabitant of the place if there
is no Military Officer there, to the Govr of the State. I am, etc.
The
65. Lieut. George Clowes(?), of the Eighth Foot, British Army.
66. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
East passage between the Island of Rhode Island and Seconnet, with Cloathing and
necessaries for prisoners of War at Rutland in the State of Massachusetts Bay,
and to return again to New York by the same passage.
Two Serjeants—of the British Army have permission to pass from Taunton River in
the State of Rhode Island to Rutland in the State of Massachusetts bay, with
Cloathing and necessaries for prisoners of War and to return again.
Dr Sir: I have reed. your favor. of the 26th. Before your return you will be pleased to leave orders that
59. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. The memorandum at the end of the letter to Governor Jefferson is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
63. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
the linen and cloth addressed to the commissaries of prisoners be retained till
the matter can be taken up and inquired into. I am &c.
Dear Sir: I have received your favour of the 26th, mentioning the sailing of the second Fleet. General Parsons sends me intelligence by which it appears that this Fleet contained the long talked of Embarkation.
As there is now hardly any probability that any thing will be attempted here in the course of the Winter it is unnecessary to keep the men under your command any longer in their present disagreeable situation. The sooner therefore they can return to their respective Regiments the better. You will detach the Massachusetts Troops to the Highlands and march the rest to this Camp.
Before the seperation of the Corps, I beg the favor of you to present my warmest thanks to the officers and men and assure them that I have a high sense of the zeal gallantry and good conduct of the former and of the bravery and fidelity of the latter.
With pleasure I add to this testimony that your own conduct on every occasion has justified the confidence which induced me to appoint you to the command. I am, etc
[H.S.P.]
70. The draft is in the writing of James McHenry.
Ps. You will be pleased to give Genl. Irvine who is at Westfield notice of your
departure, that in case it is necessary he may replace Guards heretofore kept by
yourself or change the disposition of his own.
Sir: Col Hamilton delivered me your letter of
The letter or certificate you request on the footing it is placed can only be necessary in case of the failure of your intended application to Congress. When this is decided, if you do not succeed I shall be ready to give you an ample testimony of the sense I entertain of your merit, to satisfy your friends
73. In the writing of Richard Kidder Meade.
71. Armand's letter, undated, is in the Washington
Papers at the end of December, 1779.
in France that your disappointment is not to be attributed to any cause unfavourable to your reputation.
I have examined the return of your corps and I find a deficiency of two officers
to complete it to our establishment which is three officers to each company
including the Regimental staff who are to be taken from these. I inclose a
letter to the Board of War on the subject. With respect to the recruiting money
you speak of in the hands of the Board of War I think you had best keep it by
you and engage occasionally the men that fall in your way. I think it
unadvisable to send out officers expressly for recruiting because from the
difficulty of the business it will be attended with more expense than advantage.
You may send some officers in quest of deserters but as few as possible and to
remain out as little time as possible. I am etc.
Dear Sir: I have recd. your favr. of the 24th. by Captn. Rudulph.
72. The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
75. Capt. Michael Rudolph.
rage, as it would, in my opinion, have best answered the object which I have
principally in view, that of covering the Country and preventing the intercourse
with the Enemy. Should that be impracticable, I would propose the following mode
of cantonment, the Horse to fall back to Burlington, and the foot of both Corps
to remain on advance, taking up their quarters at a distance from the shore far
enough to prevent surprise, but still to be able to send patroles towards those
places at which the enemy most commonly land and to which the Country people
usually carry their produce. Should this duty be deemed too hard for a
constancy, I must then send a temporary command from this Army, and shall
station your Infantry and Colo. Armands at Trenton, at which place a guard is
called for by the Board of War to preserve the Stores which accumulate there for
this Army. You will be pleased to confer with Colo. Armand upon this subject,
and let me know the result as soon as possible. You shall then receive a
decisive order in the Matter. I am etc.
Gen: I have the honor to transmit You all the
76. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
79. For the trial of Maj. Gen. Benedict Arnold.
Letters which have been sent or received by me, on the subject of Colo
Mitchell's attending the Trial of Major General Arnold. They are all numbered in
regular order from No 1 to 9 Inclusive. When the Court have read them, they will
be pleased to return them. I have the honor etc.
Dear Sir: I have received your favs. of the 21st. and 26th. Inst. Certificates
from the paymasters of the 1st. and 15th. Massachusetts Regiments setting forth
that Ensigns Gilbert
The Adjutant General transmits you a Copy of a late general Order specifying the proper Certificates to be produced hereafter upon application for liberty to leave the Service.
I shall write immediately to the Board of Treasury and request them to order Mr.
Reed
80. The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
82. Ensign Elisha Gilbert, of the First Massachusetts Regiment. He resigned in January, 1780.
83. Ensign Jonathan Porter, of the Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment. He resigned in December, 1780 ( ?); stated to have been a prisoner, but when and where not recorded.
84. Thomas Reed, Deputy Paymaster General.
Chest here is so nearly exhausted that it will not be worth while for the Massachusetts pay Masters to come down, and you will be pleased to signify the same to General poor at Danbury, whose troops will also be paid from the Chest at the Highlands.
I do not conceive myself at liberty to make any extra allowance of Rations to Maj Bauman; Congress having expressly limited any indulgence of that kind to a Colonel when commanding a Brigade.
If the Cloathing issued at West point has been regularly disposed of, I have no more to say in the matter. I have desired as much to be delivered to the Infantry under Colo. Putnam, as will make them comfortable, and I shall desire the Cloathier Genl. in making his distribution to have a due regard to the troops on the East side of Hudsons River. The Officers who have lately received their Commissions are to be made up in the Muster Rolls and to draw their pay from the times the vacancies, to which they are promoted, happened.
It is my wish to promote and forward the reinlistment of the troops as much as possible, for which purpose, I will, upon your sending down a proper person to receive the money, return you as much as can be spared to be distributed among the commanding Officers of Regiments.
The Fleet which has been so long in preparation sailed from New York the 26th. their destination or the number of troops on board is not ascertained, but it is generally im
agined they are bound to Georgia, and from what I can collect, they have about
5000 Men on board. I am etc.
[MS.H.S.]
Dear Sir: I received yours of last Evening respecting the arrangement of the
Corps of Artificers. I must depend entirely upon you for the nomination of the
Officers, as I am utterly unacquainted with the Merits or pretensions of any of
those who have been in service, or who may with propriety be appointed should
there be any deficiency of Officers. If you will make out an arrangement
specifying the names, ranks, and dates of Commissions I will immediately
transmit it to the Board of War who will issue Commissions agreeable to the
directions of Congress. I am etc.
85. In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
86. The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.