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Fords Theatre
PLAN OF THE BOX OCCUPIED BY PRESIDENT LINCOLN AT FORD'S THEATRE, April 14, 1865 [Diagram with Key">
Washington January 1
This has been a pleasant day and people have I think enjoyed themselves much better in making their “calls” than they did last year and especialy the year before. Every one seems to feel in good spirits and very hopeful in regard to the future. Mr Lincoln looks brighter and less “woebegone” than usual. Mr Seward is a[s] gracious and confident of the early termination of the War as ever. He receives his guests with more formality than any one else. His gentleman
Usher anouncing the name of the visitor in a loud voice at the door of the receiving room. At the Presidents, the Gentleman who introduces stands directly opposite the President with only room for a couple to pass betwen them. Mrs Lincolns Gentleman stands beside her and does the introducing. I made fifteen or twenty “calls” and got to my lodgings early in the evening. The whole City seemed to be alive and the ladies all “at Home.”
February 9
Julia and myself took the GovLookout” at 3 o'clock P.M. on Saturday and went down to Rosiers Bluff or to “Fort Foot” three miles below Alexandria on the Maryland side on a visit to Maj E. P. Taft who is at present in command. We returned last evening. While there we enjoyed ourselves much. We visited Mpolite to her on the trip.
February 18
This is the coldest weather that I have ever seen in Washington, that is for Six years. The Mercury was below zero this morning. The River is again frozen over, but there is no snow on the ground and the streets look quite lonesome. A cold cutting wind banishes everybody but those who must go.
Monday 22
No particular notice was taken of the birth day of Washington in this City. The public offices were not closed but the flags were hung from numerous dwellings and offices. Julia and myself had intended to go down to Fort Foot today but the River is still too full of ice to make it pleasant and we decided not to go at present. The great Fair opened this evening for the benefit of the soldiers. Cap
Feb 26
As the season advances and Spring approaches the news becomes more interesting. The Armies begin to move and important events are expected to happen soon, are in fact happening at the present time. Gen
Saturday February 27
The day has been beautiful as could be wished and the streets have swarmed with ladies. The country is getting considerably excited upon the question of the “succession” to the Presidency. Mr Lincoln seems to have the “inside tract,” but he will find a good deal of opposition in the Republican party. A Strong section are talking of bringing out Mr S. P. Chase, Sec'y of the Treasury. He has managed the finances of the Country with consumate ability and is very popular. If he succeeds in giving to the Country a Uniform
Currency by the banishment of State
Bank
bills He will deserve the everlasting gratitude of the people. There is a report tonight that our forces in Florida have been repulsed with heavy loss and have fallen back to Jacksonville. No particular news from other sections of the army.
March 10
The Military affairs of the Nation has not been “all a success” for the past two or three weeks. Our troops were repulsed in Florida with a loss of some 1200 men killed, wounded, and prisoners. They are now at Jacksonville and have been re-inforced, and will be able to stay there. Gen
March 10
strong this spring and the indications are that there must be a good deal more desperate fighting before the war closes. The impression is generaly entertained that they have got all their men in the field and are determined to make a desperate effort to regain what they have lost the past year. But their desperation will only prolong the war, in the end they will have to give
in. We must have double the number of men in the field but our lines are vastly more extended and we are occupying positions in strong force over thousands of miles of territory. GenLion of the day.” I hope he will return to the West soon or before he becomes paralyzed by breathing the atmosphere of the Potomac. Congress does not seem to be doing much and the political cauldron does not boil much yet.
10
Julia and myself are still occupying rooms at Mr Bartle[tt]s 379 11Brady s
” last week where she sat for her picture which we shall soon have. The Artist who is to
Washington D.C. March 20
Not much of importance has transpired in regard to the War since my last date. GenOur Armies are strong and are better officered than ever before as there has been a great “weeding out” going on during the past year of good for nothing “Shoulder Straps.” The coming next six months must be decisive of the war or I am much mistaken. It is without doubt
assuming a more relentless and cruel character as it progresses, on both sides, but the rebel “papers” are getting furious and call loudly for vengeance even on the prisoners in their hands, but as we hold many more of theirs than they do of ours they will have to take it out in raving. The rebel leaders are determined to prolong the War until after the next Presidential Election at least in the hope that a “Peace Democrat” will be Elected and then they can make better terms, or even be acknowledged Independant. But from present indications their hopes will not be realized. Most of the leading Democrats in the States are “War democrats” and would concede nothing to them until they laid down their arms and submitted to the laws. Mr Lincoln seems to be the favorite candidate of the Republicans, but I should not wonder if there should be a Split in the Party.
March 20
On Friday last Julia and myself went on board the GovFort
Foot in about an hour after. I remained overnight and returned yesterday, leaving Julia to spend a few days with her Cousins Maj E P Taft and family. There is now about Six hundred men there and the Fort seems to be completed but the guns are not all mounted yet. There is one 400 pounder mounted and a number of 200 pounder Parrots. Lieut CoLeod now with the Army of the Cumberland in Tennessee. He is on Gen
I mailed it to her without delay as I presumed She was anxious to hear from him and I was willing she should, and was not disposed to pry into their secrets by opening it. She has shown me his letters before and I doubt not will show me this if I desire her to do so as she is very open and frank with me in regard to him and all others who pay attention to her. Julia is a very discreet girl, very careful of her steps, and of the company she keeps. She will not go on to “the Avenue” alone, or without a Gentleman with her, after 12 o'clock A.M. for shoping or any other purpose. Consequently I always feel quite confident that she is safe whenever I miss her from the house. We shall start for home about the first of next month. I expect her up from the Fort in three or four days but she is enjoying herself riding on horseback and otherwise so much that she may stay a little longer.
Washington March 25
Nothing very important has occured in regard to the war since my last date. No movement of the Army of the Potomac has taken place. Some Cavalry “raids” have been made and some skirmishing has been going on. Today an order is published consolidating the Army of the Potomac into three Corps Commanded by Genfighting Gennot take command in person. Genlike that. The Army of the Potomac has “swamped” so many Gen
most consumate General and so far more than a match (as to skill and ability) for any one we have had against him. If Grant can crush the Army of Lee, then the Rebellion seem to be nearly to an End. The trial will “come off” before long. There is thought to be no great difference in the strength of the two armies now facing each other. I hope ours will be largely re-inforced before the “Trial” as everything seems to depend upon our success, at least the length of the War will very much depend upon it. A few crushing blows this spring will do the work, and not only virtualy end the War, but disappoint the slipery and “sympathising” politicians at the North who are prophesying evil things of our army and obstructing the wheels of government in every way in Congress & out of it.
Washington March 25
Continued
Julia is still at the Fort and I suppose is having a “good time.” I got a line from her the other day informing me that she was learning to ride on horseback and enjoying herself much. We must start for home in about a week, or the family will be much disappointed. We have had the deepest snow of the season the present week, it fell about eight inches but was nearly all gone by night. Today has been quite dreary and wet and tonight the rain is pattering against my window, and the wind is whistling without and driving the big drops in the faces of thousands of Sentinels and men on picket duty. Little do we think while sitting in our comfortable rooms on these cold and stormy nights what the poor soldiers are enduring.
Wednesday April 27
Since my last date I have been home to L Island and staid 15 days. Julia and myself started the 1probably a hundred thousand less. Grant evidently intends to make a sure thing of it. Gen
Washington April 27
with his Army to join Grant. Burnside has been at Annapolis for the past two months organizing a new army. It numbers about 50,000 men, including about 10,000 Negro troops. Only about one half passed this way of the entire Army, the rest were sent round by water to land at Alexandria V.A. Grants Army is still on the “Rapidan” some sixty miles from Washington. There has been some pretty severe Battles the present month, the first at Fort Pillow, Tenn, where the rebels captured the Fort with the advantage of having greatly superior numbers and mas[sa]cred most of the Garrison after they surrendered. The next fight, or rather important Battle as it was, took place in Louisiana on Red River and lasted two days. The Rebels were defeated the second day. The first day we had the worst of it.
Continued
This was the Army of Genprobably for years to come.
Washington May 3
Matters remain in about Status
quo as it regards the war. Both sides are concentrating their armies in Virginia. No movement of GenCrash every day. It is said that the rebel Genmost important that has existed since the war began. If Grant succeeds in crushing LeeWe can carry on the war for any length of time that may be necessary to subdue them.
Continued
The cost of the war is enormous, at least two Millions pr day, that is, it probably takes one Million to pay the legitimate expenses of the Gov
Friday May 6
My Brother did not go by Steamer but by RR on the day he intended. I met them at the Landing (foot of 6broken day with me I concluded to spend the rest of it out of the office. So I rode up to Georgetown on the street cars and walked from there about half a mile to the Col Ellet place now occupied by a Dr Miller and with whom Cha
Continued
Genmoved,” he has crossed the Rapidan without opposition and is supposed to be in full march for Richmond. We hear of no fighting so far. Yesterday it was said that Gen300,000 men. We hear nothing of the rebel army movements. It would be a fine trick if Genthis way and attack Washington while Grants Army and nearly all our forces are Striving to get Richmond. It is understood that the rebel govexpected that Lee will fall back and defend it.
Washington Saturday May 7
We hear today that there has been two days severe fighting Thursday & Friday and the battle was expected to be renewed today. No decisive results so far as heard tonight, but the news as far as it goes (up to last night) is rather favorable to us. Lee
Tuesday May 10
These days are eventful days and big with the fate of the thousands who are engaged in hostile array as well as of the would be “Southern Confederacy.” There has been most severe fighting almost every day for the past six days. The rebels fight with a determination and heroism worthy of a better cause. But they fight to little purpose in this campaign. They have not go[t] the men to contend with the Masses which Grant is hurling against them. Still as far as heard from no very decisive advantage has as yet been gained. It is understood that they have been forced back with great slaughter but not scattered or greatly disorganized. Our own wounded now number 15,000 which would give about 4000 killed. Yesterday we had the news that GenSlain.
Washington May 10
The death of Gen
Continued
Two or three days ago I rcthere and estimate me quite high in the Scale of moral worth.
Washington May 11
We get but little reliable news today from the army, but all the accounts agree in one particular. There has been the most terrible fighting almost every day since it began on Thursday last the 5Hayes, Wadsworth & Sedgwick. Hays & Sedgwick
Continued
Three thousand wounded soldiers came up the River and were at the wharf this morning. The Streets have been full of Ambulances much of the time today taking them to the Hospitals. Wounded officers were being brought into the Hotels or limping in themselves, some with their heads bound up and some with their arms in a Sling. Those that were disposed to talk soon had a crowd round them. But little information can be obtained from an officer tho he was in the battle. He can tell what he
saw and relate incidents which came under his own observation, but he can know but little of the gen
Washington May 12
The news from the Army continues favorable. Genrunaways “Skedadlers” as they are called. It is thought that nearly one half of those arriving here as “wounded” before today had no sufficient reason for leaving the Army. Many of them cannot show a scratch. Today patrols are going round and picking them up and they will be sent back.
Continued
Many wounded have arrived today in Steam Boats from Aquia Creek. But surgeons are immediately sent on Board as soon as the Boat arrives who examine every man before he is allowed to go on shore. The runaways are mostly the raw recruits who have but recently joined the Army, the “high
bounty men” as they are called. I met D
Washington May 13
The news from the Army today is more cheering than ever. Leesure
thing that his Army will be destroyed or at least scattered. One Division of his Army was defeated yesterday by Genshadow
so
often. We now feel that we have the substance.
Washington May 14/64
We hear nothing but confirmatory news today of what we had yesterday. At last accounts the rebel Army was fleeing before the Union troops. It is said that their retreat has become a rout. We hear today from Sherman in Georgia. He has taken Dalton and some 5000 prisoners and a large number of Cannon and small arms. Success attends our Armies everywhere as far as heard from since the Campaigns opened in V.A. [and] Georgia. GenRed
River and lost largely in men and Stores. But that is of little account compared with the importance of operations near to us here. We think that LeeWar is nearly over.
May 14
About Eight thousand Prisoners arrived here today and about four hundred Officers (rebel) have been sent to Fort Delaware for confinement. Those Prisoners that have been sent here I suppose will be sent further North. Over twelve thousand of our wounded soldiers have arrived and been placed in Hospital[s]. Most of them are but slightly wounded, and will be sent back to the Army in two or three weeks, probably two thirds of them or at least one half should never have left, for many are but slightly injured and some, not at all. Fredericksburg is one great Hospital. It is said that the inhabitants (rebel) are very kind to our wounded opening their houses voluntarily and nursing them. This report may not prove true. I hope it is true.
May 14
I was on the Ave this afternoon. I thought I had never seen it so much Crowded with people and vehicles. The weather is delightfully Cool. No mud and no dust (as it rained yesterday) and everybody seemed to be out. The ladies were showing their spring dresses & hats and being gazed at by the loungers and criticized or admired as the “fixings” struck the fancy of the crowd. Great crowds were at the Bulletin boards gazing most intently at the big Capitals and astonishing announcements of Glorious
Victories &c. Patriotic men were smiling and shaking hands and feeling well everywhere. I meet some
men everyday whose countenances indicate the state of rebel prospects, with as much accuracy as the Barometer does the weather. Today some of them in their attempts to Smile at the good
news only bitterly grined.
Washington May 14/64 (continued)
No
one dares openly to express disunion, or disloyal sentiment. The guard house or the old Capitol would be their portion at once if more summary punishment was not meted out on the spot. But in our midst and all around us are those whose hearts are with the South in this great contest. When treason could be talked aloud here they talked it. Policy, and self preservation now only keeps them silent. Many of them are shrewd mony making men, and strange as it may appear the Gov t
Monday May 16
It has been rather a still and quiet day. No exciting news has been circulated and it is understood that not much fighting has been done for the past two or three days. Lee is said to be now occupying a strong position south of Spotsylvania C. H. and I think is not so much weakened as we were hoping he was, his supplies cannot be cut off entirely or he would be compelled to retreat much farther than he probably has. GenBattery came today from Fairfax C.H., it is said in some haste. Do our military rulers here fear a “raid” by the Rebels? The Defenses have been greatly weakened by sending off the old Garrisons the past week.
Washington May 18
There has been quite a lull in military affairs the past few days. The rebels are still strong and defiant. GenPerhaps the bloodiest battle of the war is yet to be fought, and that very soon. GenResaca Georgia and was following them up at last dates. We hear today that Gen
Continued
and has fallen back to Strasburgh. GenNewberne. All the old Reghundred
day
men” from Ohio and Indiana are taking their places. The wounded soldiers from the late battle fields are still arriving here. The runaways who came on with the first wounded are being sent back. Three hundred yesterday of this class were sent on with a number of officers who were marched in the rear, and some of the more obstreperous of them, who were too indignant to be orderly, had their wrists decorated with the “Bracelets,” and were marched fastened together. It is said that they will be degraded and made to fight in the ranks as a punishment for their cowardice. There was quite an
Washington May 18
excitement today on the Avenue when the Manager and operators of the “Independant Telegraph” were arrested and marched to the old Capitol under guard. It appears that they sent by that line what purported to be a Proclimation by the President ordering a Draft for four hundred thousand men. It was “bogus,” but it had the effect to raise the price of gold in NY 10 pcYork World” newspaper. I understand the paper was immediately suppressed. The body of Genmy own age (58).
Washington May 20
We do not get much direct news from the army today but there has been some fighting at the Front. All the news that is reported from there is always “a
Victory” or a “great
success,” “The
Rebels
defeated” &c. Such was the news with which we were regaled day by day a week or two ago, but notwithstanding the numerous “retreats” and “defeats” of Lee and our Victory s and “
May 20
We shall be, we must be successful in this War. The great question is now to be forever Settled. Whether this is to be a great, Free, and
Glorious Union bidding defiance to the rest of the World in arms against us. Or, whether we are to be classed with the other petty powers of this Continent, disturbed by constant broils and annual revolutions &c. No. If the War takes twice the men and twice the money it has already cost to prosecute it to a successful result, the sacrifice must
be
made before we can think of “Peace” upon any other terms. Genup to the present number
Continued
and settle
the
question
now. I wrote to Julia today, sent her a pair of riding gloves (“ladies gauntletts”) by mail. Sent her also a letter from her cousin Will
Taft (from Cincinnati Ohio) dated Fort Mmoveing imperceptably. Every leaf was in motion. Everything was vibrating and every blossom was sending out its perfume. Everything in Nature is beautiful now. The squares of the City and the public Grounds are perfect “Illysiums.” The air is loaded with the perfume of flowers and the birds are carroling undisturbed in the trees. But O this horrid
war, it is here, everywhere.
Wednesday May 25
Not much worth recording in reference to the War since my last. But more or less fighting is going on nearly everyday among the forces now moveing towards Richmond. From all accounts Gen
Continued
through Georgia. Rome was in our possession and the last fight noticed was at Resaca. We are now expecting to hear of a hard battle at Atlanta soon as Sherman was at last accounts within two or three days march of that place. Gengoing
ahead. The wounded continue to arrive and the fifteen thousand empty beds of a month ago are now full. Should other battles like the past take place and the wounded be sent here as usual, it is expected that the GovHarewood
Hospital (Corcorans Farm) three miles N East.
Washington May 25/64 continued
On Saturday last, there were two thousand patients there, and at that time nearly one thousand vacant beds. Not many
very
bad wounds were noticed. A great share of the soldiers were able to walk about, being wounded in the arms or flesh wounds of not a very serious character. But there were many in bed and some evidently sinking into their last resting place. Many old veterans who had nearly served out their three years had “fought their last battle” and were awaiting the slow but sure approach of their last great Enemy. It was a very warm day Saturday and I noticed that the poor fellows on their beds all over the Hospital needed fans. I went to the “Sanitary” the next day and had two boxes (500 each) sent up there. The cheap palm leaf fan affords much comfort in these cases, and are generaly provided.
Washington May 29
We have had no direct information from the Army for the past four days until today that has been of much importance. Today it is said that Grant is on LeeThat City has been abandoned and the Army is now supplied from Port Royal on the Rappahannock and from the York
River. The worst cases of wounded men were at Fredericksburgh but they have all been removed to this City, at least, those that lived to get here for many died on the way, some on the Dock (five or six) after they were landed from the Steam Boats, and some died in the Ambulances on they [sic] way through the City to the Hospitals. Some were taken from the Boats on “Stretchers” and carried by hand. It was a sorry sight.
Washington May 29
According to the Books of the Medical Director, the number of wounded men who have been admitted in to Hospitals from the late Battle fields (this month) is Twenty six thousand. The proportion Killed in these battles has been less than usual it is said, amounting to about five thousand only, but I think it is more. Today Chathere to be examined. All the deserters and Straglers are taken there where they are examined as to their physical condition. Some are sent
Continued
to Hospital (the Stone Hospital). Some are retained for a few days till they get able to travel, but the greater portion are sent to their Regiments. Some however are discharged if found useless as soldiers in consequence of physical disability. Such was the case of a Private named Thompson from Chemung County NY today. He had formerly been a wealthy man and member a[t] one time of the Legislature, but got to drinking of late years and turned up a private Soldier and too much broken down for that. Cha
Washington May 29
I was informed at the “Signal Camp” by the Adjutant (Lieut Niles or Miles[?]) that they could convey information by signaling Twenty one miles. For long distances they use a Telescope mounted on a tripod, but for ordinary distances of six to twelve miles they use a much smaller glass. The Camp is commanded by Cap t
Washington June 2
No very great addition has been made to our stock of information in reference to army movements since my last date. Genthat it is where Grant wants him. I think he will cut off supplies from the City and compell Lee to evacuate or Surrender. Grants army is now supplied from the “White House” on the Pamunky River, Gen
Washington June 8
Fighting almost every day now before Richmond. Gen
June 8
I have spent considerable time in Hospitals this week, have visited a number of them. The same sad scenes of a year ago are witnessed in all. I spent a couple of hours in the “Stanton” this evening after dinner. It is realy hard to leave the poor fellows, some of whom cannot help themselves. They love so to be faned which keeps off the flies, and makes them comfortable comparatively speaking for the flies are extremely anoying this warm weather. Some that I sat by and faned on Sunday last were not there tonight - gone. A Lieut (Buel) from an Ohio Regchange since Sunday. He is a victim of bad surgery on the field. I have felt much interested in a badly wounded boy (Gilbert Smith) of Romulusville NY (Seneca Co) shot through the body. I think he may recover but, very doubtful.
Washington June 8
Mr Lincoln was unanimously re-nominated today by the Union National Convention at Baltimore. The “race” for the Presidency as it now looks will be betwen Lincoln and Genmay combine strength enough to make Mr Lincolns election not a very easy matter especialy if our armies should be unsuccessful in the field this summer. Should we put down the rebels or virtualy close the war before election there will be no doubt of Mr Lperhaps there is none anyway, but.
Washington June 18
In looking back through the past ten days I can fix upon no very striking event that has taken place. Army operations of great importance have been undoubtedly going on, but no decisive Battles have been fought, if we except the victory of GenStaunton. In ordinary wars it would be considered of great importance to defeat the enemy and kill wound and capture three or four thousand men. Now, so much attention is absorbed by the greater armies of Gen
Washington June 18
There seems to be less excitement in the City than usual when such important Army movements are going on. I think it quite possible that we may be “waked up” here before long. Washington is now in a more defenceless condition than it has been for the past two years. GenDefences are now maned by raw troops from the West, mostly. A few thousand of the Invalid Corps and Veteran Reserves are still here. There is now no obstruction in the shape of an army betwen here and Richmond, and I think it quite possible that we may have a visit from the “rebs” yet.
Continued
Congress is still in session, but it does not seem to be doing
much. The Tax Bill is now the most important, and the the most important feature of that Bill seems to be whiskey, for what
Tax to put upon it, has occasioned more discussion than all the rest of it. The two “Houses” remain in session late at night frequently. The light through the tops of the small Domes over each Hall shows plainly at my room and I can lie in my bed and tell when either House adjourns at night (if I only keep awake). The Drums are beating off towards the Depot, and more troops are coming in I suppose. Possibly some of the old Regtime has expired which is the case with most of the early three years Regiments. But more or less of the men from all of them have re-inlisted for the war. Sherman is near Atlanta G.a. and means to take it and probably will. It is a very important point to the Rebels.
Washington June 28
In looking over my last “minutes” I see that I stated that Petersburgh was taken, but altho it was so reported it is not taken yet. Frequent attacks upon the defences have been made and some of the out works have been carried, but the City is still held by the rebels and is defended with as much determination as Richmond itself, and is said to be equaly as well fortified. We have nothing from Shermans army in Georgia of a decisive character as yet. He is not far from Atlanta and is meeting with strong resistance from the Rebels under “Joe Johnson.” The Rebel GenHe who exchanged the Pulpit for the camp and battle
field, but he was educated at West
Point and undoubtedly imbibed his war
spirit in early life. “Those that take the sword shall perish by the sword,” especialy Bishops and Priests who should preach only Peace on earth and good will to man.
Continued
In the present state of the affairs of our Country matters do not look very flattering. What was considered an overwhelming army two months ago under Genone
hundred
thousand. This loss has mainly been incured in efforts to carry by assault strong “Earth works.” Whenever the Rebels are found there will be found entrenchments, rifle
pits, strongly posted Batterys behind earth works. In acting as they generaly have in this campaign on the defensive, this has given them greatly the advantage. If Gengreat army (where his small
one is now) two
months ago, and instead of fighting breastworks had cut off the R Roads leading to Richmond and fought on the defensive, what then?
Washington June 28
The weather for the past week has been extremely hot, the Mercury ranging from 90 to 96 in the shade every day. Yesterday there was a slight shower and today there is quite a change in the atmosphere. Many people are leaving the City for the summer and going north, anticipating much sickness here this summer in consequence of the extremely foul state of the City. It is in fact but a great Hospital. Aside from its other impurities, the worst of all is the Canal which is at low water a seething, sickening mass of corruption into which all the Sewers of the City empty. If it does not breed a pestilence in conection with other causes this summer it will certainly be because Washington is an uncommonly healthy City. I think seriously of getting out of it myself for the summer, if I can. Sea breezes and sea bathing never had more attraction for me than they do now.
July 4
No organized Celebration of the Day has taken place here, but all seem to [have] celebrated more or less on their “own hook.” There were orations delivered by gentlemen residing here at some of the Hospitals and the inmates had extra fare &c. I met Capnow are very bad ones, all those able to travel having been sent north. I think that at least one third now in Hospital here will die. The hot weather is very unfavorable, from fifty to seventy deaths are reported pr day.
Washington July 4
No important army movements have taken place. A large force of Cavalry under GenPetersburgh
Express” which runs regularly to the City. I heard from Maj (now Lieut Co
Washington Saturday July 9
A week ago I intended to be at home now but I cannot well leave the office at present as there is now something of a press of business with the Examining Board. More than that I would not like to leave the City while the Rebels are threatening it. There is very “exciting times” just now up in Maryland and in Pennsylvania. A large force of rebels have crossed the Potomac within two or three days and tonight it is reported that they occupy the City of Frederick, M.D. The rebel force is estimated at all numbers from five thousand to thirty thousand. It is supposed that they will make an attempt upon this City or Baltimore next. Some squads of rebel Cavalry have been within fifteen miles of this City within two or three days on this side of the Potomac. This rebel “raid” is supposed to be intended to draw Grant away from Richmond to Defend Washington. But that “ruse” will not do. I think that will be done without Grant.
Washington Sunday July 10
I went this morning over to Georgetown Heights, “Clifton” (the late Coraw troops.
Continued
Another Extra was “out” about seven o'clock this evening which stated that the rebels were marching on Washington. This is making the matter more interesting
still. It promises lively times here tomorrow, and may account for the movement of troops which I saw this evening. I suppose our wise men here know what they are about and have taken sufficient precautions to ensure the safty of the City. This demonstration on the part of the Rebels is just what might have been expected if it was possible for them to make it and should have been provided for if it has not been. I have expected it ever since Grant crossed the James River and refered to it at the time he crossed in these pages as quite probable. I have no idea how many men there are in the fortifications around the City. But there should never have been less than thirty or forty thousand in and around the City, at any time.
Washington July 11
Yesterday we thought the rebels were at or near Baltimore, today we find them in large force within from four to six miles of this City. Considerable skirmishing has been going on just outside of the line of Fortifications north of the City. But as yet there has been no general engagement. It is expected that there will be an attack upon the City tomorrow. It seems that they abandoned the idea of taking Baltimore and have turned their attention to Washington. But I think they have waited too long and have allowed troops to concentrate here in sufficient numbers within the past three or four days to defeat them in any attempt to take the City. It was reported in the papers this morning that my nephew Lieut Co
11
Father today, should have sent a Telegraphic dispatch, but the wires were out. The Rail Road is also out betwen Baltimore and Philthought the report was true. It will be sad intelligence to his family and friends in Lyons. He leaves an amiable wife and three small children. May God “Temper the wind to the shorn lambs” in this sad case. Capt Lyman Rogers died last evening at the Armory Square Hospital.
Washington July 11
I am soon going to bed but rather expect to be disturbed by the report of Cannon before my usual hour for rising - 6 o'clock. If the rebels make an attack on the Forts at
all, I think that it will be by tomorrow morning. It is said today that they are Forty thousand strong now in Maryland and threatening the City. Should they make an attack it will be a bloody fight. If they do not attack tomorrow I think it will be because their object is not so much Washington or Baltimore as to obtain Horses, Cattle, and provisions and then they will attempt to slide off over the Potomac into Virginia and escape. We shall know soon. Should they succeed in taking any of the Forts we may be treated to a few Shells from our own Cannon. The City has been in great excitement all day. I have worked in my office as usual.
July 11
I never saw such a crowd of people on P.a. Ave as on this afternoon. Excited crowds were listening to some new comer from the northern Forts, or surrounding a soldier or swallowing the most absurd stories from some sober faced wag. Troops were marching up from the River and hurrying through the City to the Forts north. The whole of the 6show the people that they were not frightened. I mentaly wondered why or how a rebel Army of Thirty or forty thousand could
leave
Richmond, and get across the Potomac, and be almost knocking at the gates of the City and they
know
nothing
about
it, or at least think it only a “raid” of a few hundred Troopers!!
Washington July 12
Well, the day has passed away and no serious attack has been made upon the City. But there has been constant skirmishing along the line of work north of the City and today the rebels have cut and destroyed the Rail Road for some miles betwen here and Baltimore, Burning the Bridge at Laurel &c. It is said that they occupy Bladensburgh tonight. It is also reported that a rebel force has appeared on the Virginia side of the Potomac not many miles south of the City. I have heard considerable heavy firing this evening about sundown and for two hours from that direction. The reports might have been from from [sic] some of our Forts getting the range by practice. The Militia of the District has been called out and the Clerks in the Departments are prepareing
12
for duty. We had reports of fighting today near Tennallytown, Fort
Reno &c. I went up to Georgetown and took the Stage and went
to
Tennallytown (three miles from Georgetown) this afternoon. In the hope of seeing something of the fight, a Shell burst &c, but was not gratified because there was no fighting going on nearby, and consequently no Shells flying, and more than that I was not allowed to remain but a few minutes, all civilians being ordered presumptorily to leave forthwith. As I did not expect to stay any longer than the Stage did the order did not disappoint me much. To the East from a half a mile to two miles I could hear the constant report of musketry and see the puffs of smoke. I returned to G[eorge].town about 5 o'clock. After my return to this City I went on top of the Patent office with a good glass but could see nothing.
Washington July 13
Another day and the reports and the general belief is tonight That the rebels have left or are leaving Maryland and crossing the River back into Virginia. Efforts are being made to intercept them which may prove partialy successful. They have undoubtedly a large amount of plunder, Cattle, Horses, &c. I was told tonight by one who says he knows that the rebels numbered 22,000 men only. It has been a great “scare” for the Country amounting to a great foraging expedition if this is the last of it, and I am inclined to think it is. I went up to Sec'y Sewards this morning and saw Copossible that he is only wounded and a prisoner.
Washington July 16
Very little has been heard of the rebels in this vicinity for the last three or four days. They seem to have departed with their plunder (some eight thousand horses and two or three thousand head of cattle). No information has as yet been published that we have succeeded in recapturing a horse or cow or a rebel since they crossed the Potomac on their return. If this rebel “raid” does not prove the ruin of this Administration, it will be Owing to successes in other quarters. More stupidity could not well be manifested than it has been shown in this matter, with Washington in a defenceless condition and inviting the invader. No body was on the alert, and all were in stupid ignorance until an army of Twenty or Thirty Thousand were found knocking at our gates. If they did not come in it was their own fault. They might have done it during three or four days.
Washington July 16
I have my baggage all packed up ready to start for the North and home the forepart of the next week. My health needs recruiting and my family expect me about this time. I should have gone a week ago but could not get through. I do not expect to be absent more than two or three weeks, but I realy do not care much if I never come back here to stay. A “place” in the Gover[n]ment Departments is not worth much now with the old Salaries which were fixed when gold was paid but are now paid in “paper” worth about forty cents on the dollar. Gold is quoted today at 2.50, it has been 3.35. The expense of living has increased to at leas[t] double the former rates. Flour is held at $18.00, coal $13.00, oak wood $11.00, pine $8.00 pr cord, cotton sheeting 60 cents pr yard, Hams 35 cts pr lb, Beef D[itt]o.
Washington Oct 3
What a hiatus in my Journal!! Since I last wrote I have been at home six weeks having started the very next day, the 17war. Sherman has taken Atlanta. But Grant has not yet taken Petersburgh or Richmond. But is now on the move and has gained some successes the past week. There is now Fighting down there every day and a great Battle is expected soon which will probably decide the fate of Richmond. GenEarly & Breckenridge, has Driven them all out of the Valley after two or three hard Battles, one at “Winchester” and one at “Fishers Hill” and others of less note, and now near Staunton V.a. with
Oct 3
a large army probably 75,000 men. Admiral Farrigut [h]as passed the Rebel Forts into Mobile Harbor, after a most gallent naval fight and captured the Forts afterwards. But has not captured the City yet. So far in this War, GenFarrigut on Water, without doubt. It looks very much now as though the rebellion was “caving in” for want of men. It is not thought that they can cope with Grant, or Sherman, or Sheridan. The Draft for 300,000 men is now going on peacefully all over the Union. But the most of the number will be Volunteers. Enormous Bounties are paid in the Northern & Eastern States for Volunteers. There is a U.S. Bounty, a State Bounty, and a County, and in many of the Counties, a Town Bounty, am[oun]ting to from $1000 to $1600 for three years men and from $600 to $1200 for one years men.
Cont
GenPeace
at
any
price” men and the rebel sympathisers generaly suport him. Altho I believe him to be a good Union man, and have the highest regard for him as a Patriot and man of talents, still I do not think he can be Elected. The character of many of his supporters will ruin his prospects. His friends, (at least many of them) the most talented & influential, are not to be trusted to make a Peace with Armed Rebels, and the Chicago Resolutions or “Platform” demand a cessation of hostilities at once even when to all appearances we are about crushing the thing out. If the Rebels lay down their arms and submit to the laws, return to their allegiance, there will be peace at once, and I think they must soon do it or fare worse.
Washington Oct 11
The State Election in P.a. Ohio & Indiana “comes off” today and excite much interest as the result in those States will indicate pretty surely what will be the result there in Nov. I have been down to the Republican Head QrI think in a week or so, at least before the 1now that
Mr Lincoln will be re-Elected by a large majority. If that should be so, and it is seen that it is the settled determination of the Govput
down the rebellion, to Continue the War until the rebels submit and lay down their arms, I think the rebel leaders will see the folly of resisting and will submit before New Years. In fact I do not believe they can continue the War much longer for the Want of men. The Draft to make out the 300,000 men is now proceeding peaceably all over the loyal States and the Regiments have been arriving at their destinations for a month past, far the larger portion of the 300,000 are Volunteers. There is no Draft in some of the States. The High Bounties have called out men enough to fill their quotas. The rebel strength in men is diminishing every day and they cannot recruit.
Thursday Dec 1
Since my last date the Presidential Election has passed off quietly and Mr Lincoln is re-Elected, every non Slave holding State but one (New Jersey) going for him. No very great Battles have been fought lately. GenGen l
as from all intercourse with Washington. We now only hear from him through Rebel papers. When last heard from he had been out about two weeks from Atlanta and was said to be forty miles south of A[u]gusta. He has a powerful Army of Veterans, probably fifty thousand men, ten thousand being Cavalry. The Rebels of course are in a state of great excitement and threaten to destroy him totaly but they have not the power to do it, and we shall soon hear of him and his Army from Savannah or Charleston. He is smashing up Rail Roads and all rebel Gov
Dec 1
I went home to L[ong] I[sland] to attend the Election, was gone two weeks. I returned to Washington on the 18seemed full all the time). Congress meets next Monday and the members are appearing on the Avenue now quite plenty. I have changed my “base” since my last date. I am now in 488½ on 7
Dec 4
The weather has been warm and pleasant for some ten days past, it has been “Indian Summer” with a soft balmy air and smokey atmosphere, the pleasantest days of the year. Today it has been delightful. I went to the 4½ Street Church, the 1enthusiastic American. He must be over Seventy but does not show his age much.
Sunday Dec 4
Toward evening I went up to Camp Stoneman, or rather Martindale Barracks, now near the “Circle” on the Avenue and took tea with Capt White & Lady. He is in command of a Veteran Reserve Com'y doing guard duty in the City. Mrs White is the daughter of John Layton of Lyons. I returned about dark and called at Charleythem in the Basement. Mr W. is a boarder and pays the rent. Mr Lieb pays $65 pr month. Little Charley Jr is growing and improving finaly, he is thirteen months old and very inteligent for a child so young. I returned to my room, “Shaw Settlement” as we call it, before 9 o'clk. My room is 16 by 21 feet and ceiling 10 feet high with two large front windows.
There does not appear to be any very important “War
news” today. Nothing from Sherman of a definite character. The Richmond papers admit that they have no force that can stop his progress to the coast. We shall hear from him soon. It is said that Sheridans
Army is moving from the Valley and going down the River probably to re-inforce Grant. I suppose the Rebels have left the “Valley” if that is true. But I presume that troops enough are left to guard the important places up there. Congress meets tomorrow and the Hotels are quite full. Old faces are met with which appear here periodicaly. Old hangers on, old [“Bosess,”?] old gamblers, besides the faces of Members of congress. Many of them may be called old Sharpers, for I do believe that they get Elected to Congress more to make
money than anything else. The opportunities are not wanting for any member who will sacrifice his honor to favor or oppose a measure for
money.
Washington Dec 8
Congress is in Session. The long looked for Message was sent in the next day the 6the
War will cease. “Lay down your Arms” is about all the comfort the rebels get. They will have to submit to the to
the total abolition of Slavery. That I think is a foregone conclusion. The Constitution of the U.S. will be amended to that Effect. This or the next Congress will pass the Act submiting the Amendment to the States and three fourths of them are ready to ratify it. There does not seem to be any prospect of Peace till the Rebels are entirely exhausted. They are fighting for Independance and Slavery. They can have neither.
We have no news from Sherman yet. At last accounts (from rebel papers) he was approaching the Atlantic coast and it was supposed he would Strike Savannah. Mr Lincoln, in a short speech which he made to the crowd who Seranaded him the other night said in reference to Genknow where he went
in but I cannot tell you where he will come
out.” I have been quite lame today. I sprained my left foot last evening going up stairs to my room, rather too fast, two steps at a time. It has troubled me to walk all day. Mr Boice and Mr Vanderburgh from Lyons called upon me this morning with Capt Bourne, and this afternoon Col E P Taft very unexpectedly gave me a call, his leg is nearly healed but he tells me that He has been mustered out of the Service, has come down to settle up his business &c, will stay a week or two.
Dec.14
The City seems to be overflowing with people, rents are constantly rising and prices of everything raise in proportion. A person cannot find common Board now (meals only) for less than $25 pr month, and from that to $50 and $60. The Hotels here are now charging from $4.00 to $5.00 pr day. I had occasion to buy a few yards of factory cotton cloth one yard wide about the first of this month, paid $.75 pr yard - used to buy it for ten cents. Cotton is worth (or at least sells for) much more than wool, flour is $18 pr BIndependent” does.
Penn Avenue is the great Artery of the City as “Broad
Way” is in NY. It is the great River into which all the little streams enter. Everything can be seen there in the shape of humanity, from the Millionaire to the beggar. “Shoulder Straps” are not as plenty as they used to be, but there is a good sprinkling of them seen yet. One cannot pass a few squares on the “Av
Dec 14/64
many such, and many empty sleeves. One cannot pass them without a feeling of sadness altho they generaly seem happy and in good spirits. One always meets certain well know[n] characters or persons, who like all the rest of the world, prominade in the afternoon. Beau
Hickman is one of the standard characters of the City. He is always seen shuffling along, for “Beau” has been lame for a long time. He has had the gout or something of that sort for his toes are sadly distorted. He probably lived too high when he succeeded so well in former days as a professional “Sponge” when wine and rich viands were matters of everyday use with him. Poor “Beau,” his stories, his jokes, his duns, his “Taxes,” all are Stale now. He does not “take” any men. “Beau” is now considered a decided Bore.
“Johny,” who sells matches and Blacking, is another well known personage who always seems to be everywhere. He is very much deformed and very lame and hobbles along with the greatest difficulty, but he is a quiet inoffensive fellow with a cast off high crowned hat on his head with a cockade on it and sometimes a small Union flag flying from it, for “Johny” is a Staunch Union Man. He took the “Avpumped” a day or two after.
Washington Dec 14/64
There are other characters no less well known and quite as little respected. There is a “pink” of “fashion.” His coat is buttoned up to the chin, his collar and cravat are faultless (he may have a shirt on, and may not), his hat is well worn and smo[o]th with much brushing, his boots are well polished, and his pants straped down tight. He is always drawing on his teids or taking them off with his rattan under his arm. He is now picking his teeth on the Piazza at the “National” with the most careless air or twirling his moustache while looking over the “arrivals” at the office. Does he board there? not a bit of it. Nobody knows where he lives or what he does. He is always seen, is one of a Class who may be seen do[d]ging out of a dirty alley sometimes in the morning from ten cent lodgings and getting, occasionaly, money from home.
But these characters have diverted our attention from the great moveing throng on the “Avpasses.” The same with all soldiers on the street. Here comes another squad of soldiers mixed up with a motly crowd of ragged and hard looking men. They too are a guard. They are taking some prisoners to the old Capitol Prison. Those hard looking long haired men are rebel Prisoner “Guerrillas” perhaps captured somewhere over in V.a. Such a crowd is usualy followed by the usual number of ragged boys, Negroes and other idlers. We frequently see old
men among such prisoners, and almost every day such crowds pass.
Washington Dec 14/64
There is a troop of Cavalry just coming in covered with dust or mud (one or the other always prevails in Washington). The horses look jaded and tired. The troopers look grim and dirty. They have bags of provender, and blankets straped to their saddles. Their carbines swung over their shoulders with the muzzle pointing to the ground. Their canteens also suspended from the shoulder. The steel scabbard sword and revolvers hung to the Belts. They walk their horses through the street. People look at them and think they have been on a “raid.” There is usualy some led
horses with accoutrements all on. You gaze at the empty Saddle with a thrill, for it is fearfully suggestive of a life struggle of wounds and death. Perhaps the dry red blood is still on the saddle. Where is the rider? “Alas nor wife nor children more shall he behold nor friends nor sacred home.”
Washington Dec 14/64
Here is the carriage of Mrs Lincoln before a dry goods Store, her footman has gone into the Store. The Clerk is just going out to the carriage (where Mrs L is waiting) with some pieces of goods for her to choose from. I should rather think that she would have a better chance at the goods if she was to go into the Store but then she might get jostled and gazed at and that too would be doing just as the common people do. The footman holds the carriage door open. The driver sits on the box and hold[s] the horses. Mrs L. thumbs the goods and asks a great many questions. People turn round and look at the carriage after they pass, it is the Presidents Carriage. The carriage, horses, and all make a very modest appearance. Many a Farmer in the country can show a better “turnout.” Nothing is noticeable except that it is Mrs Lincoln, and the driver and the footman have gold bands & cockades on their hats.
Washington Dec/64
There comes down the Avenue a Battery of Artillery. It is astonishing how a Battery of six guns (“twelve pounders”) will stretch out, and what a rattling it will make over the pavement. Every gun has six horses and a Caisson with six more horses with nine or ten men to a gun. Every gun an[d] Caisson has a spare wheel securely lashed on behind. Then there follows the Amunition wagons and the Forge, and the Baggage. Altogether not less than a quarter of a mile is occupied, perhaps more. Sometimes they go through the Street on a gallop and then such a rumbling and rattling of the carriages and clattering of hoofs of the horses, such a jolting and bounding of the men was never heard or seen. No human voice could be heard but at the Bugle call halt, all is still in an instant. The horses and men are like statues, still, and motionless.
H N Chapman is from Rockford Ill. He is a Clerk in the Genis quite large and given somewhat to Obesity. He boards on Capitol Hill and while he prides himself upon his disregard for little things, “little things” are a source of the greatest anoyance to him. Directly over his lodging a Russian and his wife have taken up their abode. She is an Artist. He is a refugee, a sort of broken down grandee. He tramps the floor at night over Chapmans head. Chapman expostulates, the Russian possits. The Russian is otherwise anoying, and Chapman is in great tribulation. He says if he should be found dead in that house some morning He wants the Coronor
Washington Dec 20
No news from Sherman (officialy) as yet as to his taking Savannah but we consider it as good as ours. He has got to the coast with very little opposition, and with very little loss after his 300 Miles March. It is the greatest feat of the War. He has shown himself (in my opinion) the first Gen'l of the age. Thomas has defeated Hood at Nashville Tenn, making very important captures of Prisoners and Artillery. A great Expedition has left Fortress Monroe by Water (it is supposed for Willmington N.C.). Some 65 Gun Boats and Armed Vessels with 590 guns of the heaviest calibre. It is said to be the strongest fleet that ever sailed from any port taking into consideration the character of the ordnance and the “Iron Clads” and “Monitors.” The Capture of Willmington is expected. Admiral Porter Com[man]
Dec 25
We get Shermans official Dispatch this morning. He has taken Savannah without a fight. The Rebel Army escaped. Large Stores of all kinds, near 200 Cannon and 25000 Bales of Cotton fell into our hands. Charleston and Willmington must follow soon, and then I think that Sherman will have to come and take Richmond if we take it very soon. GenSherman with him. How much his success was owing to that fact time may yet determine. Sherman stands far above Grant now in the estimation of the Country and the World.
January 1
“New
Years” has passed off very pleasantly. There has been a great deal of “Calling” and the City has been full of people. There was a great rush at the Presidents House. I went the “rounds” calling upon most of the Heads of Departments. I noticed a great contrast betwen this “New Years” and any previous one for the past three years, four years ago there was a solemn stillness, a burthensome weight hanging upon the minds of all, a fearful forboding of Evil, a dread of the future. It was but little better three years or two years ago, doubt and anxiety for the future and horror and dismay at the terrible war oppressed all. Even one year ago we could scarcely see any light. Today all are in good spirits, but still there is many a tear and many a sigh for the lost ones.
April 1
GenClean taking Columbia (the Capital) and other important places. Charleston surrendered when Sherman Struck its communications a hundred miles distant. He had no fighting to do till he reached the vicinity of Joe Johnsons Army in N.C. They had some sharp work at Goldsborough and at one or two other places. More hard fighting is expected there soon. It is said that Genmoving, if so we Shall have warm work.
April 3
Hurrah!! Richmond
is
taken and Gen
April 6
Mr Lincoln has been in Richmond. Near half of the City has been destroyed by fire by the Rebels themselves as they evacuated it. Large numbers of prisoners have been captured by Sheridan, Gen
April 9
Gen l
April 14
O, fatal
day. O, noble
Victim. Treason has done its worst. The
President
has
been
Assassinated. It has just been announced at my door that he was shot a half hour ago at Fords Theatre. Is it possible? I have just come from near the scene, it is too
True. 11 o'clock P.M.
April 30
This has been a most eventful month. The most eventful in the History of our Country. We have seen during this month the complete crushing out of the “Great
rebellion” by a series of masterly Military achievements. The occupation of the Rebel Capitol by our troops. The surrender of Genhis Army in North Carolina, and above all in importance which has occured in the World during this month, The President of the United States has been assassinated. Abraham Lincoln, the good and kind hearted, was Shot while sitting in his Box at Fords Theatre on the night of the 14
would be present, and Gentwo being thrown into one. This Box was in the 2Dress
circle through a narrow corridor some three feet wide and eight or ten long. There was a door at the dress circle end and at the other end there were two doors, one for each Box but now the two Boxes being thrown into one, one of the doors was closed. The other was open, and all of them unguarded. The assassin J
Wilkes
Booth had made his arrangements in the most deliberate manner (probably during that day). He had fixed a bar across the door leading into the dress circle and had cut a hole through the closed door leading to the Box, which enabled him
to see the exact position of the President and others in the Box without being seen himself. At about ½ past 10, he entered the corridor from the Dress circle, bared the door to prevent any one from entering, examined the position of Mr Lincoln through the hole in the closed door. Then entered the Box behind all who were there (as they were looking toward the stage) and standing within three or four feet of Mr Lincoln, Shot him in the back of the head. The ball entering about two inches from the left ear near the base of the skull and lodging in the brain about two inches back of the right eye. His head was probably inclined forward at the time. The Murderer rushed to the front of the Box with a dagger in his hand. Major Rathbone caught his coat but Booth struck him on the arm with the dagger wounding him severely, which compelled him to let go his hold. Booth vaulted over the front of the Box and as he did so exclaimed “Sic Semper Tyranis” (Thus
To
Tyrants). As he Jumped from the box his spur cau[gh]t in the flag and as he struck the
Stage he came to a crouching position from the effect of the concussion, his hands striking the floor but he recovered himself in a moment and flourishing his dagger he strode across the Stage some forty feet in sight of the spectators and past some of the actors, and reaching the back door which opens into a lane, he mounted a fleet horse and escaped. The lane enters F Saudience was paralized for some seconds, but rushed on to the Stage. A Surgeon was called for and Charles S Taft a Surgeon being present was lifted up from the Stage to the Box by those present. Before this the bar had been removed by Maj Rathbone and several men had reached the Box. When Cha
about fifteen minutes after he was shot. A Dr Leale from Armory Square Hospital was the first Surgeon in the box. But Chaknow that there was any Surgeon but himself present until the President was removed from the Theatre. ChaDr
Stone (the Presidents family Physician) arrived which was half an hour after he was placed on a bed at the House of Mr Peterson, opposite. When the shot was fired Mrs Lincoln was sitting near her husband with her hand on his knee. She says she saw the flash and heard the report of the pistol, thinking it was in some way connected with the the Play. She leaned forward to see what it was, and then looked to Mr Lincoln to see where
he was looking. He was sitting with his head droped down and eyes shut. She was not alarmed at this, he sometimes held his head in that way when in deep thought, but she put her hand on his forehead and he not stirring she put it on the back
of his head and feeling it wet she immediately withdrew it covered with blood. She then screamed and that is the last she remembered that took place in the Theatre. She says, as she put her hand on his head she recollects that something suddenly brushed past her and rubbing off her Shawl. It was Booth as he jumped from the Box. The President made no noise, nor attempted to speak, nor Stirred a limb after he was shot, nor was he conscious for one moment from that time until he died. When his skin was touched or his hand was taken, there was a slight quiver or tremor of the muscles, but that was all. Mustard paste was applied nearly all over the body and stimulants were given as long as he could swallow in hopes to revive him but entirely without avail. His pulse ceased to beat at 22 minutes past Seven. Cha
killed most men instantly, or in a very few minutes. But Mr Lincoln had so much
vitality that he lived nearly nine hours. There were four Surgeons in immediate or active attendance. Dr Stone, The Surgeon Gen
to [sic] the Basement. Some few individuals came in to the room through that door clandestinely. Mrs Lincoln occupied a room near by with some of her friends who were there. She went in frequently to see the President with Doct Gurley (The family Pastor) who had been sent for about 3 O'clock. She was not in the room when he died. Robert Lincoln was there and Dr Gurley, the two private Secretaries of the President Nicolay and Hay. Upon one occasion when Mrs L went in and saw her husband she fainted and was carried out insensible. It was thought best
for
her
not to be there when he died. Dr Gurley prayed by the bedside of the President when he first arrived (at 3 o'clock). Then went into the room where Mrs Lincoln was and prayed with her, and remained with her most of the time, accompanying her and supporting her into the room of the dying President when she visited it. After the death Dr Gurley who was standing near Mr Stanton said shall we have any religious exercises here
or elsewhere now? Yes said Mr Stanton offer Prayer ________ now and here. For the last half hour before the death, the utmost stillness had prevailed in the room, not a word, not a whisper was heard. The President of the United States dying, surrounded by his Cabinet and many of the first men in the Nation standing like statues around the bed presented a scene for an artist seldom equaled for solemn grandeur. It is to be hoped that it will yet be transfered to Canvass. After the President died Dr Gurley went to Mrs L and told her “the President is dead.” O - why did you not let me know? Why
did you not tell me? “Your friends thought it was not best. You must be resigned to the will of God. You must be calm and trust in God and in your friends.” She soon after left, with Dr G for her Home. She was asked during the night if her son “Tad” (Thaddeus) (a boy about twelve years old) should be sent for. “O, my poor “Taddy” what will become of him? O do not send for him, his violent grief would disturb the House.” When they reached the Presidents house “Tad” met them on the Portico. “Where is my Pa? Where
is my Pa? He kept repeating the question till they got into the room of Mrs Lincoln. He had heard that his Pa had been shot but evidently expected him when his mother came. He was very much excited and alarmed but had not thought that his Pa
could be dead. “Taddy” your Pa is dead” said Dr Gurley. He was not prepared for this. He screamed in an agony of grief “O what shall I do? What shall I do? My Brother is dead. My Father is dead. O what shall I do? What will become of me? O what shall I do? O mother you will not die will you. O don't you die Ma. You wont die will you Mother? If you die I shall be all alone. O dont die Ma.” Dr Gurley said that up to that time he himself had not shed a tear, but he could not witness “Tads” grief unmoved and the Tears flowed freely. He said, when I got back to my own house at about 10 o'clock that morning, “I felt as though I had been engaged all night in a terrible Battle and had but just strength enough left to drag myself off the field.”
May 20
The Trial of the assassins is now in progress at the old Penitentiary (near the Arsenal) where rooms have been fitted up for the Court which is a Military Commission. GenHerold was taken then.
May 20
The “Army of the Potomac” and GenHe is implicated in the conspiracy to assassinate the President). He was captured by some Cavalry about a week ago in Georgia and is now confined at Fortress Monroe. It is expected that His trial will come off soon. Gov Vance of N.C. is now a prisoner in this City. None of Jeff Davis Cabinet have as yet been captured except the PM GenReagan. They are seeking safty in flight.
Monday May 22
This forenoon I went down to the Old Penitentiary and visited the Military Court in session there trying the conspirators. I had a fair opportunity to view the prisoners who all sat on a raised platform which ran across across one side of the room. The room was not very large perhaps 25 or 30 feet square. There was nothing very striking about any of the prisoners excepting Paine, the one who attacked Mr Seward. He is a splendid specimen of a Man (physicaly 6 feet 1½ inches) but his countenance indicated the desperado which he probably is. Herold looks rather weak minded or silly. Azterot like a low villin. Spangler has an Italian look. Dr Mudd is a very ordinary looking man with red hair or (rather Sandy hair and beard). Samlook like a bad man. [Mmight be one. Mrs Suratt sat at the end of the row by herself [draped?] in deep black and veiled. Gen
Washington Wednesday May 24
Yesterday and today have been “great days” in Washington. The great Military Review closed this afternoon. The Civil Offices of the Gov
front seat with the Sec'y of War and GenHis Army was passing and He only Stood up and rccall for some of the Genknow
which was which as they sat). When one was called he would rise up and bow and the crowd would cheer. I presume that not one half of the Soldiers now in the Service were at this Review. One whole Corps (the 6
May 24
Gennot on good terms as was proved today on the “Stand” of the great Review. When Genoffered his hand the same as the rest and Genterms which Sherman agreed to in the case of the proposed surrender of GenGrand
Review will long be remembered as the most magnificent spectacle of the kind ever witnessed on the continent. Standing at the Treasury one could see near a mile and a quarter (to the Capitol Gate). This space through the Av
of the Service. First came (yesterday) fifteen thousand Cavalry in a dense mass, the officers (mostly) on Splendid horses (Genunmanagable one) but generaly the officers and the Staffs rode horses which had been trained to the Service, but there was a great deal of prancing and dashing to and fro of officers on the Avenue. The Sidewalks, the Doors, and windows and the House tops were crowded with spectators who were cheering constantly as some favorite officer or Reg
Many mounted, mostly on mules, some on Jacks, and a few on poneys. Others walking, leading their mules which were loaded down with every conceivable thing in the way of baggage or cooking utensil. Huge bags and Bundles tied on and across the back of the beast. (I wondered whether the contents of some of those bags might not have once graced some of the palatial Mansion[s] at the south, or even the persons of some of the fair dames of the “Palmetto State.” Besides this kind of loading there were living specimens of the country which the Army had passed through in the form of cats and dogs, Coons, opposums, fighting
Cocks and other fowls, all perched on the backs of the mules (or rather on the bags and bundles). Then the frying
pans, the kettles, the buckets, and tin
dishes garnished the sides hanging nearly to the ground. These were the camp followers, the “Bummers,” and numbered hundreds.
Some females rode in the Review yesterday and today who I was told had been “through the War.” Some officers and soldiers wives and some “Daughters of the Regiment,” who had followed their Brothers or Fathers or husbands, and shared their dangers, taking care of the wounded, and nursing the sick. One of this Class I am acquainted with, but she left the Army of the Potomac some three months ago, Miss Clara
Barton of Worcester Mass. She has been known and called the “Angel of
the
Battlefield.” She was in Fredericksburgh during the terrible “Burnside Battle” there having crossed the River on the Pontoon Bridge while the Rebels were shelling it. She was there again last summer when the City was filled with our wounded from the Battle fields of the “Wilderness.” She afterwards went with the Army to Petersburgh and administered to the wounded in the field Hospitals being frequently under fire in carrying relief to the Wounded on the field. I am told that she seemed on such occasions totaly insensible to danger. She is highly educated and refined, and few ladies ar[e] as inteligent as She is.
Washington May 30
The achievements of the Country during the past six or seven months, if we take a rapid glance at them, are truly astonishing. A catalogue merely of the striking Military events during that period would almost fill a volume. Beginning with the time that Thomas almost annihilated the army of the Rebel Gen l
During this time, the month of March, Genthen began those decisive movements and series of splendid victories which compelled the surrender of Petersburgh and Richmond and finaly the Capture of Genfree” with a Cloud of horsemen over Alabama and Georgia
scattering all opposition, capturing Selma, Montgomery, and Macon. Stoneman is dashing through Eastern Tennessee and N Carolina, riding at will and driving all before him. Then
Taylor and Kirby
Smith Surrender which embrace about the last of the rebel forces. But during this period of Six or Seven months, the realy most important
events have not been yet mentioned. In the midst of a desolating War, in the smoke and heat of Battle as it were, There has been a quiet Presidential Election and Inauguration, with all its usual attendant excitements. A Draft of three hundred thousand men has been ordered, and the men raised. The Government Credit has been increased at home and abroad a hundred fold and Gold has fallen a hundred percent. Our great and Good President has been assassinated. The assassin Killed. Jefferson Davis has been captured and impeached for Treason. The grand
Review & the Trial of the conspirators. Tearfully - and Joyfully have we witnessed these Events.