>> From the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. >> It is a great honor to introduce Billy Collins at this book festival. Mr. Collins served two terms as the U.S. Poet Laureate, has published over 10 books of poetry, and has received a number of fellowships from such institutions as The Guggenheim and the National Endowment for the Arts. In addition to those achievements, he has brought whimsy and humor into poetry. And he has reintroduced us to our own delight in small things: a bar of soap, say, or an afternoon picking strawberries. Our tent this year at the book festival is metaphorical, which is apt since no one has done more to expand the metaphorical tent of poetry readers and appreciators than Billy Collins. That said, let's welcome to the stage Billy Collins. [ Applause ] How are you? Well, it's very good to be breaking some fire laws -- that's always good -- without -- without having to light a cigarette particularly. And of course I'm delighted and honored to be part of the Festival of the Book. I was thinking about what to say about books, and I remembered in "A Hard Day's Night" you might remember there's that kind of creepy light motif of Ringo's granddad, who chastises Ringo for always having his head in a book. And Ringo responds with the simple, but unforgettable, defense of reading by saying, "Books are good." So I'm with Ringo. Okay, so I'm going to read some poems. We'll leave a little -- when the person here says we have 10 minutes left, I'm going to turn it over to you and you can ask some questions. I feel like I'm in a hurry here, but I'm never going to leave. It's a control freak here. So let me start with a poem about the reader. And it's simply called, "You, Reader." "I wonder how you are going to feel when you find out that I wrote this instead of you, that it was I who got up early to sit in the kitchen and mention with a pen the rain-soaked windows, the ivy wallpaper, and the goldfish circling in its bowl. Go ahead and turn aside, bite your lip and tear out the page, but, listen, it was just a matter of time before one of us happened to notice the unlit candles and the clock humming on the wall. Plus, nothing happened that morning -- a song on the radio, a car whistling along the road outside -- and I was only thinking about the shakers of salt and pepper that were standing side by side on a placemat. I wondered if they had become friends after all these years or if they were still strangers to one another like you and I, who manage to be known and unknown to each other at the same time: me at this table with a bowl of pears, you leaning in a doorway somewhere near some blue hydrangeas reading this." [ Applause ] Thank you. Thank you so much. Somebody needs to design a podium that has a drink holder. I'm giving that idea away free. Remember how long it took to put the suitcase and the wheel together? We had the wheel for some time. And lugging stuff from one place to another, that was done for some time. Poem called "1957." "In the old joke, the marriage counselor tells the couple who never talks anymore to go to a jazz club because at a jazz club, everyone talks during the bass solo. But of course, no one starts talking just because of a bass solo, or any other solo for that matter. The quieter bass solo just reveals the people in the club who have been talking all along. The same ones you can hear on some well-known recordings. Bill Evans, for example, who is opening a new door on the piano while some guy chats up his date at one of the little tables in the back. I have listened to that album so many times I can anticipate the moment of his drunken laugh as if it were a strange note in the tune. And so, anonymous man, you have become part of my listening, your romance, a romance lost in the past, and a reminder somehow that each member of that trio has died since then. And maybe so have you and, sadly, maybe she." [ Applause ] Thank you. I like to think of myself as a dog person, but I'm missing a dog now and a cat has come into the house. So -- and I've actually -- she's there all the time. And it's just hard to ignore a creature that's constantly there. So I wrote a poem about her. I have not gone over to the other side; I've just -- this is just one poem. It's called "Lucky Cat." "It's a law as immutable as the ones governing bodies in motion and bodies at rest that a cat, picked up, will never stay in the place where you choose to set it down. I bet you'd be happy on the sofa or this hassock or this knitted throw pillow are a few examples of bets you're about to lose. The secret of winning I have found is never to bet against the cat but on the cat, preferably with another human being who, unlike the cat, is likely to be carrying money. And I cannot think of a better time to thank our cat for her obedience to that law, thus turning me into a consistent winner. She's a pure black one, quite impossible to photograph and prone to disappearing into the night or even into the thin shadows of noon. Such an amorphous blob of blackness is she. The only way to tell she is approaching is to notice the two little yellow circles of her eyes, and then only one circle when she is walking away with her tail raised high. Something like the lantern signals of Paul Revere and another opportunity for a sure thing. [ Applause ] Thank you. And here are a few shorter poems. And one, this is just nine lines long. It's called "Irish Spider, Irish Spider." "It was well worth traveling this far just to sit in a box of sunlight by a window in a cottage with a cup of steaming tea and to watch an Irish spider waiting at the center of his dewy web pretending to be just any spider at all, a spider without a nation, but not fooling me for a minute." That's all right. And here's -- I mean sometimes you get -- I get hung up on just -- you know, you look at language in a kind of cold or objective way and you see all these odd things about it. And I was thinking about the expression "the naked eye." It's just an odd thing to call an eye naked. You never hear anybody say, "You know, you couldn't smell it with the naked nose." So it's only six lines long. It's called "The Naked Eye." "There was no lid to clothe the naked eye, so she covered herself with some scenery, a meadow she liked to look at when the other eye wasn't looking." This is also five lines long, and this is actually lifted quite directly and wholly and uneditedly [phonetic] out of actual experience. It's called "Feedback." "The woman who wrote from Phoenix after my reading there to tell me they were all still talking about it just wrote again to tell me that they had stopped." [ Laughter ] This adds new meaning to the expression "passive aggression" I think. And here's another fairly short poem called "A Note to T.S. Eliot -- A Note to Thomas Stearns Eliot." "I just dared to eat a really big peach, as ripe as it could be, and I have on a pair of plaid shorts and a blue T-shirt with a hole in it. And little rivers of juice are running down my chin now and dripping onto the pool deck. What is your problem, man?" It's like eat the damn thing; I don't know. A poem called -- or it begins by -- it's called and begins with a big migratory bird phenomenon that happens in America. It's called "The Sandhill Cranes of Nebraska." "'Too bad you weren't here six months ago, " was a lament I heard on my visit to Nebraska. 'You could have seen the astonishing spectacle of the sandhill cranes, thousands of them, feeding and even dancing on the shores of the Platte River.' There was no point in pointing out the impossibility of my being there then because I happened to be somewhere else, so I nodded and put on a look of mild disappointment, if only to be part of the commiseration. It was the same look I remember wearing about six months ago in Georgia, when I was told that I had just missed the spectacular annual outburst of azaleas, brilliant against the green backdrop of spring, and the same in Vermont six months before that when I arrived shortly after the magnificent foliage had gloriously peaked, Mother Nature, as she is called, having touched the hills with her many-colored brush, a phenomenon that occurs like the others around the same time every year, when I am apparently off in another state, stuck in a motel lobby with the local paper and a Styrofoam cup of coffee, busily missing God knows what." [ Applause ] I don't know if you know the work of Howard Nemerov, former poet laureate and wonderful poet. And wish I'd met him, but he -- behind that poem is a word that he invented. And we all tend to invent words now and then. And the word is a verb, and the verb is "to azaleate." And to azaleate someone means to commiserate needlessly with some visitor about a local natural phenomenon that they just missed 'cause they arrived too late, or they will miss because they're leaving too early. So you probably all have azaleated and been azaleated. Here's a poem about another poem, or that was the idea at least. And I wanted to write a version, the way poets often do, of another poem. And the poem was a beautiful poem called "Drinking Alone" by the Chinese poet Li Po. So I did what you're supposed to do. I used the same title, "Drinking Alone," and then underneath that I wrote the expression "after Li Po" to admit my indebtedness. And then I just stared at the expression "after Li Po" for way too long. And so the result was this. "Drinking Alone after Li Po." "This is not after Li Po the way the state is after me for neglecting to pay all my taxes, nor the way I am after the woman in front of me on the long line at the post office. Li Po, I am not saying "After you" as I stand holding open one of the heavy glass doors that divide the centuries in a long corridor of glass doors. No, the only way this is after you is in the way they say it's just one thing after another, like the way I will pause to raise a glass of wine to you after I finish writing this poem. So let me get back to sitting in the wind alone among the pines with a pencil in my hand. After all, you had your turn, and mine will soon be done, then someone else will sit here after me." [ Applause ] And here's a poem called "Cheerios" in which I admit a bit of personal information had to be included. "Cheerios." "One bright morning in a restaurant in Chicago, as I waited for my eggs and toast, I opened the "Tribune" only to discover that I was the same age as Cheerios. Indeed, I was a few months older than Cheerios, for today, the newspaper announced, was the 70th birthday of Cheerios, whereas mine had occurred earlier in the year. Already I could hear them whispering behind my stooped and threadbare back, 'Why, that dude's older than Cheerios, the way they used to say, 'Why, that's as old as the hills.' Only the hills are much older than Cheerios, or any American breakfast cereal, and more noble and enduring are the hills I surmised as a bar of sunlight illuminated my orange juice." [ Applause ] Thank you. And here, a little subject goes a long way, Nelson Auburn [phonetic] said, and I think that's true of poetry. They don't want to be burdened by subject matter. But this takes on -- salt shakers and Cheerios are sort of my speed. But this takes on a rather thorny subject matter, and that is adolescence. Adolescence started in 1955, as some of you know, with the release of "Rebel Without a Cause." Before that, people would just sort of -- they just became -- boys became men and girls became women overnight somehow. And now, of course, adolescence can be extended, thanks to the help of graduate school, well into your 30s. Anyway, this poem is directed at the quintessence of adolescence, someone who is in mid-adolescence. Committing adolescence, as one friend of mine described his children. And it's called "To My Favorite 17-Year-Old High School Girl." "Do you realize that if you had started building the Parthenon on the day you were born, you'd be all done in only one more year? Of course, you couldn't have done that alone, so never mind; you're fine just as you are. You are loved for simply being yourself. But did you know that at your age, Judy Garland was pulling down $150,000 a picture, Joan of Arc was leading the French Army to victory, and Blaise Pascal had cleaned up his room? No, wait, I mean he had invented the calculator. Of course, there will be time for all that later in your life, after you come out of your room and begin to blossom, or at least pick up all your socks. For some reason, I keep remembering that Lady Jane Grey was Queen of England when she was only 15, but then she was beheaded, so never mind her as a role model. But a few centuries later, when he was your age, Franz Schubert was doing the dishes for his family, but that did not keep him from composing two symphonies, four operas, and two complete Masses as a youngster. But of course that was in Austria at the height of romantic lyricism, not here in the suburbs of Cleveland. Frankly, who cares if Annie Oakley was a crack shot at 15 or if Maria Callas debuted as Tosca at 17? We think you are special by just being you, playing with your food and staring into space. By the way, I lied about Schubert doing the dishes, but that doesn't mean he never helped out around the house." [ Applause ] Thank you. Now, to assure you that I haven't completely lost it, I'm going to read a couple of dog poems. So here's a little doggy soliloquy. It's 12 lines long. The dog is thinking or speaking or writing, if you want to imagine that. And the dog is a sensitive creature and contemplating one aspect of his relationship to his owner. And it's called "A Dog on His Master." "As young as I look, I am growing older faster than he, 7 to 1 is the ratio they tend to say. Whatever the number, I will pass him one day and take the lead the way I do on our walks in the woods. And if this ever manages to cross his mind, it would be the sweetest shadow I have ever cast on snow or grass." [ Applause ] You know that little sound you made there? That's the trouble with writing poems about pets is that it creates that little sound. It's a nice sound, but it's sort of the sound you'd make if I brought like a box of kittens onstage. "Aw, aw." Anyway, what it means to me is that the poem has lost ironic traction. [ Laughter ] And has gradually slipped backwards into a ditch of sentimentality. So in this poem, I try to avoid all that. And I set myself up a kind of challenge to write an unsentimental poem about a dog. It's called "The Revenant." "I am the dog you put to sleep, as you like to call the needle of oblivion, come back to tell you this simple thing: I never liked you. When I licked your face, I thought of biting off your nose. When I watched you toweling yourself dry, I wanted to leap and unman you with a snap. I resented the way you moved, your lack of animal grace, the way you would sit in a chair to eat, a napkin on your lap, a knife in your hand. I would've run away, but I was too weak, a trick you taught me while I was learning to sit and heel and, greatest of insults, shake hands without a hand. I admit the sight of the leash would excite me, but only because it meant I was about to smell things you had never touched. You do not want to believe this, but I have no reason to lie. I hated the car, hated the rubber toys, disliked your friends, and, worse, your relatives. The jingling of my tags drove me mad. You always scratched me in the wrong place. All I wanted from you was food and fresh water in my metal bowls. While you slept, I watched you breathe as the moon rose in the sky. It took all of my strength not to raise my head and howl. Now I am free of the collar, free of the yellow raincoat, monogrammed sweater, the absurdity of your lawn. And that is all you need to know about this place except what you already supposed and are glad it did not happen sooner -- that everyone here can read and write, the dogs in poetry, the cats and all the others in prose." [ Applause ] Thank you very much. Well, let me get back to a couple of tiny poems. I don't think anyone reads a book of poetry front to back. What I do if I get -- I treat a new book of poetry like a flipbook. And what I just flip through it with my thumb the way you would -- like you could have a flipbook and you watch the cowboy and the lasso or something, you know. And usually I'm looking for a short poem, as I think that's always a good place to start. So here's a four-line poem that makes no sense without the title. It's called "Divorce." "Divorce. Once, two spoons in bed, now tined forks across a granite table and the knives they have hired." That's a good sound there; I like that. You get that poem. Ouch! And here's a -- this is nine lines also, based on, you know, just hearing Paul Auster talk about being in France and not hearing English on the street and missing these snippets of conversation. That actually Joyce, originally when he came up with the word "epiphany," right, for a revelation -- or he didn't come up with that, but he borrowed it from church liturgy -- but originally it was in hearing a snatch of conversation. And he felt some of those little snippets can take you right down a shoot into someone's life. So here's a little something that you overhear, well, with a certain -- some regularity. The title is "Oh, My God!" exclamation point. The speaker you'll see is very naive. "Oh, My God! Not only in church and nightly by their bedsides do young girls pray these days. Wherever they go, prayer is woven into their talk like a bright thread of awe. Even at the pedestrian mall, outbursts of praise spring unbidden from their glossy lips." [ Laughter ] [ Applause ] Okay, somewhat -- I mean somewhat recently a new -- not a wing, but at the Metropolitan Museum, there was a new gallery for Greek and Roman statuary with a translucent roof. So it showed the white marble off in just stunning soft light. And this is the poem. Most of the statues were missing parts, as they tend to do if they're drawn from antiquity. "Greek and Roman Statuary" "The tip of the nose -- excuse me -- the tip of the nose seemed to be the first to be lost, then the arms and legs. And later the stone penis, if such a thing were featured. And often an entire head followed the nose, as it might have done when bread was baking in the side streets of Ancient Rome. No hope for the flute once attached to the lips of that satyr with the puffed out cheeks, nor for the staff the shepherd boy once leaned on. The sword no longer gripped by the warrior, the poor lost ear of the sleeping boy and whatever it was Aphrodite once held in her severed hand. But the torso is another story. Middle man. The last to go. Bluntly surviving, propped up on a pedestal with a length of pipe. And the mighty stone ass endures, so smooth and fundamental no one hesitates to leave the group and walk behind to stare. And that is the way it goes here in the diffused light from the translucent roof. One missing extremity after another. Digits that got too close to the slicer of time. Hands snapped off by the clock. Whole limbs caught in the mortal thresher. But outside, on the city streets, it is raining. And the pavement shines with the crisscross traffic of living bodies. Hundreds of noses still intact. Arms swinging and hands grasping. The skin still warm and foreheads glistening. It's anyone's guess when the day will come when there is nothing left of us but the bare, solid plinth we once stood upon. Now exposed to the open air, just the wind and the trees and the shadows of clouds sweeping over its hard marble surface." [ Applause ] It's all about death, right. I tell students, "You want to major in English? You're majoring in death basically. Just get used to it." That's why I'm not a guidance counselor. I was relieved from my duties. And so now, at the end of August, we're just -- we're kind of three weeks past the high-water mark for this kind of activity this poem called "The Lanyard" describes. But we're not that far away from it. And plus, it's good -- it's like Martha Stewart said, it's good at holiday time or anytime. So I start this poem by telling you how it started. "The Lanyard. The other day as I was ricocheting slowly off the pale blue walls of this room, bouncing from typewriter to piano, from bookshelf to an envelope lying on the floor, I found myself in the L section of the dictionary where my eyes fell upon the word "lanyard." No cookie nibbled by a French novelist could send one more suddenly into the past, a past where I sat at a workbench at a camp by a deep Adirondack lake learning how to braid thin plastic strips into a lanyard, a gift for my mother. I had never seen anyone use a lanyard or wear one, if that's what you did with them. But that did not keep me from crossing strand over strand, again and again, until I had made a boxy red and white lanyard for my mother. She gave me life and milk from her breasts, and I gave her a lanyard. She nursed me in many a sick room, lifted teaspoons of medicine to my lips, set cold face-cloths on my forehead, and then led me out into the airy light and taught me to walk and swim. And I, in turn, presented her with a lanyard. Here are thousands of meals, she said, and here is clothing and a good education. And here is your lanyard, I replied, which I made with a little help from a counselor. Here is a breathing body and a beating heart, strong legs, bones, and teeth, and two clear eyes to read the world, she whispered. And here, I said, is the lanyard I made at camp. And here, I wish to say to her now, is a smaller gift, not the archaic truth that you can never repay your mother, but the rueful admission that when she took the two-tone lanyard from my hands, I was as sure as a boy could be that this useless, worthless thing I wove out of boredom would be enough to make us even." [ Applause ] Great, great. I thank you so much. I'm going to read just one more poem and then we'll have about 10 minutes for questions. Okay, so here's a poem with I think a helpful title. I like really simple titles, like "Ice" or "Monday," or big titles. My favorite title of any poem is Thomas Gray's poem called "Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes." I mean that has me right there, you know. I mean like I had you from ode, Thom. And this is called "I Chop Some Parsley While Listening To Art Blakey's Version Of '"Three Blind Mice.'" "And I start wondering how they came to be blind. If it was congenital, they could be brothers and sisters. And I think of the poor mother, brooding over her sightless young triplets. Or was it a common accident, all three caught in a searing explosion, a firework perhaps? If not, if each came to his or her blindness separately, how did they ever manage to find one another? Would it not be difficult for a blind mouse to locate even one fellow mouse with vision, let alone two other blind ones? And how, in their tiny darkness, could they possibly have run after a farmer's wife, or anyone else's wife for that matter? Not to mention why. Just so she could cut off their tails with a carving knife is the cynic's answer. But the thought of them without eyes and now without tails to trail through the moist grass or slip around the corner of a baseboard has the cynic, who always lounges within me, up off his couch and at the window, trying to hide the rising softness that he feels. By now, I am onto dicing an onion, which might account for the wet stinging in my own eyes, though Freddie Hubbard's mournful trumpet on "Blue Moon," which happens to be the next cut, cannot be said to be making matters any better." Thank you. [ Applause ] Thank you very much. Well, there's one. >> A simple, not deep question. What books were you reading? >> When? >> Now, today. >> Oh, now. That's a good -- I'm reading Geoff Dyer's first novel called the "Colour of Memory." I'm a big Geoff Dyer fan. And you can see the seeds of his -- you don't know -- D-Y-E-R. He's like the funniest guy writing and very -- so that's basically -- I just read one book at a time. >> Actually what I meant was what books of yours are we -- you reading to us today? >> You see how selfless I am? Oh, you want me to do like an infomercial? Well, "Aimless Love: New and selected poems," 22 -- oh, anyway. Two books, that one, "Aimless Love," and then the other new and selected called "Sailing Alone Around the Room." I can offer you a twofer here, but I believe they're for sale here. Yeah. So those books and a few new ones. But you should still read Geoff Dyer. Yes, ma'am? >> So I'm interested in what the inspiration behind the "Oh, My God!" poem and the poem about adolescence are because they're both about young girls who seem to be at the same age. >> Yeah. Well, girls that age were the inspiration for it. There are so many of you -- or them, yeah, or them. I don't know. I mean, you know, I -- they're just all over the place. And you hear it -- you just hear it all the time. You hear -- I have a poem about "like," you know. "I was -- I was like give me a break. I wasn't exactly give me a break. I was just similar to give me a break. As I said, I was like give me a break." No. I'm just fascinated with adolescence as a period of life and all the tics and self -- I mean the poem about the 17-year-olds is really -- I mean it's not so much a parody or making fun of the 17-year-old slacker you might say. It's just is making just as much fun of the parent with these unreasonable expectations, comparing her to Maria Callas and Joan of Arc. So the poem I hope cuts both ways. But I know reading -- I've read it at schools and I've stopped reading it at schools. They're not -- they're not charmed by it at all. Anyway, thanks. Yeah. >> Hello. I was wondering if you could talk about the importance of solitude in your creative process. >> Well, I can -- I can write anywhere. I mean I can write on an airplane or somewhere. So I don't have to be alone. It helps to be alone, but -- and I've never gone so far at least to a writers retreat, you know, in pursuit of solitude. But usually I write when I'm alone. And my -- but the poem takes place when always I'm alone. I mean I could be writing a poem in Times Square. In fact one poem I was caught without a -- I had a little beginning of a poem going I thought in my head. And I didn't have a pen or anything to write on; that's my fault. And I was walking; it was in Midtown, New York. And I went into a bank and I got out some deposit slips and I wrote with the little pencil on the chain. And I tried to look like I was making a really serious deposit, you know, but -- so I can write under all those kinds of circumstances. However, the mood of the poem, my persona is usually deeply alone. And there are very few people in my poems. I mean my persona is usually unmarried. I mean he might mention it occasionally, but not often. But without family and without -- there are not friends in the poems. There's not mom and dad and grandpa and all that stuff because I want to be alone with the reader. And the fewer people you have in your poetry, the more alone you are with the reader. And if you have a lot of people in your poems, you should stop writing poetry. You should write a memoir or a short story. There's plenty of room for aunts and uncles and kids and everybody in there. But in a poem I want just two people. You know the occupancy rule for fire laws? Occupancy of a lyric poem: two, me and you, right. So, yeah. Yeah? Oh, I'm sorry. >> I want to thank you for the work you do. It has helped our son appreciate poetry and not just prose. And I also want to thank you for the poem "Another Reason Why I Don't Keep a Gun in the House." >> Uh-huh. >> Because many times I think of the part for barking dog. >> Okay, good. That was about a poem about being annoyed by a neighbor's dog barking incessantly. But it was written so long ago, that dog has presumably been silenced by -- -- by death. Or it's the oldest dog in the world. Yes? >> My name is Roberta Berry [phonetic] and I'm a member with you of the Haiku Foundation. >> Oh, great. >> And I just wanted to say thank you so much for your introduction to this great book. And could you talk a little bit about your feelings about haiku in mainstream poetry. >> Sure. I mean let me read you one haiku before I do that. Mine are all 17 syllables. It's a very violent haiku. "One more dead-calm day. I listen to the wind chimes I smacked with a broom." [ Laughter ] Here's another one of mine. "So many nicknames for you, but none as lovely as marijuana." >> -- your book "She Was Just Seventeen"? >> Oh, well, I -- yeah. I have a book -- it's up here actually -- of haiku. It's called "She Was Just Seventeen," which is part of the adolescent theme again. Well, I love writing haiku because of the resistance. Because I always do 17 syllables exactly, there's something between you and the form then. Of course this happens with the sonnet or any other inherited form. But instead of having -- instead of just having your self-expressive wishes come true or fulfilled, you have the haiku staring back at you saying can't you count, you know? I mean that's -- dummy, that's six syllables, right, you need five. And then you make these adjustments and you fall into a kind of negotiation with the haiku so you have a -- you're not alone anymore. It gets your mind off yourself 'cause you're dealing with form. And so you have you, full of self-expressive desires and thinking about your haiku career, and then you have the haiku that doesn't care about any of that stuff. So anyway. I'm afraid it says overtime there. I know, make that pouty face again. Anyway, you've been a great audience. Thank you very much. [ Applause ] >> This has been a presentation of the Library of Congress. Visit us at loc.gov.