>> Anne Holmes: Hello, and welcome to the National Book Festival. My name is Anne Holmes from the Library of Congress, and I'm here with Emily St. John Mandel whose featured book at the festival is The Glass Hotel. If you'd like to see her presentation at the festival you can do so on the fiction stage. Welcome Emily. It's good to have you here. >> Emily St. John Mandel: Thank you so much. I wish I could be there in person but I'm grateful for the technology. >> Anne Holmes: I know. We wish the same but are grateful that you're able to join us in this virtual capacity. So as folks are starting to publish their questions, and please audience members, put any question into the Q&A that you would like Emily to answer. As I kick things off, Emily, I wonder if you could talk to us a little bit about what the spark was for The Glass Hotel. >> Emily St. John Mandel: Sure. Absolutely. The Glass Hotel, you know, to be honest, like just for some context here, I have been struggling to come up with, you know, the elevator pitch for this book for literally three years. It's just like, it's really hard to describe succinctly, but there's a massive white collar crime at the center of the story, a Ponzi scheme, and although every character in this book is completely fictional, the inspiration for that story line was the Bernie Madoff Ponzi scheme which imploded in December of 2008. And, you know, I was fascinated by that crime, partly just for the scale. That was a $65 billion with a b, dollar Ponzi scheme. It may have affected as many as a million people, so that was kind of staggering. But the thing that really captured my imagination was the idea of the staff in a massive white collar crime. So at the time the story broke, I had a really great job for a writer, a really great day job. I was a part-time administrative assistant in a cancer research lab at the Rockefeller University in New York. It was a really great job. I really liked my coworkers. It was a really great team. And what I found myself thinking about was just the camaraderie that you have with any group of people. You know, you're showing up to work together every day. Not so much during a pandemic, but you know, in theory you're showing up to work together every day. There's a sense of shared mission. Now imagine how much crazier and weirder and more intense that would be if the activity you were showing up for on Monday morning was committing a crime. Like, you know, you're all showing up at work to defraud investors. That office dynamic is just so fascinating to me to think about, so I just found myself thinking, you know, who are these people? Like, what story would you have to tell yourself if you were somebody working in that very strange office? What story would you have to tell yourself in order to meet your spouse's eye across the dinner table, sleep at night, show up to work the next morning? So the first chapter of the book that I wrote after a dozen rounds of revisions, eventually became Chapter 10 in the book, a chapter called The Office Chorus that's told from the perspective of the Ponzi staff. So yeah, that was the starting point for me and then the book branched off in all kinds of very strange directions. >> Anne Holmes: Great. Thank you so much. So we've got a lot of questions here from the audience. Jill asks, would you consider working with an artist to create the graphic novel featured in Station Eleven? >> Emily St. John Mandel: I would love to at some point. Yeah. There was even a time years ago when I was working on the script for the comic book for the Dr. Eleven comic books, and it was just kind of too much Station Eleven in my life. At that point, this would have been two thous -- no, 2015. I'd been doing this epic Station Eleven promotional tour and I was just more and more drawn toward writing my new book at the time which eventually became The Glass Hotel. So yeah. It's something that I am very theoretically interested in but haven't quite managed to pull it together and find the time, but I would love to someday. >> Anne Holmes: Great. And another question about Station Eleven, Susan would like to know, as we live through this pandemic, do you feel in any way better prepared after the time you spent writing and researching Station Eleven? >> Emily St. John Mandel: Not really, to be honest. I did a lot of research into the history of pandemics, so maybe that made it a little bit less shocking, the fact of it, than it might have been otherwise, because, you know, if you research that history, what quickly becomes clear is that epidemiologists, they talk about pandemics in the same way that seismologists talk about earthquakes, which is to say, that nobody ever talks in terms of, I wonder if there will ever again be another earthquake. You know, there will always be another earthquake. There will always be another pandemic. But knowing intellectually that there will always be another pandemic is of course not the same thing as experiencing the terror and the isolation of actually living through a pandemic. So yeah, I don't think it really gave me any special edge to be honest. >> Anne Holmes: Thank you. Jane would like to know what you've been reading lately. >> Emily St. John Mandel: This is kind of obnoxious because the book hasn't actually been published yet, but I sometimes get sent books months or even a year before they come out. I'm reading a book called The Other Black Girl by Zakiya Dalila Harris and she was actually -- I was drawn to the book because it sounded really compelling. It's a -- it seems like it's going to turn into a thriller about a woman working in a New York City publishing office. And I was also drawn to it, to be honest, because Zakiya was my Knopf editor's editorial assistant for a while so we used to exchange email about scheduling and then all of a sudden she has this book coming out. So that's a book that I just started. It's really compelling so far. Other books I've read lately that I really liked, I read a book fairly recently called Migrations by Charlotte McConaghy. She's a Australian writer. It's pretty dark. It's climate fiction, I guess. But it's so beautifully written and so harrowing. So yeah, those are a couple that I've been into lately, off the top of my head. >> Anne Holmes: Great. And Arlene would like to know, what author would you consider to have been your primary inspiration in becoming an author? >> Emily St. John Mandel: It's a great question. I feel like there were a few who were really important. You know, I was born and raised in Canada and in Canada the cannon leans pretty heavily toward Michael Ondaatje, who I'm not sure that he's super well known here but it's the author of The English Patient. I read The English Patient when I was about 14 and it made a huge impression on me. I was already writing by that point. It's something that I've done since I was a kid, but I think of that as the book that showed me how beautiful prose can be. So that one was really important. And then a very different kind of novel was important to me later. So I wrote my first novel in my 20s, Last Night in Montreal. And I think that I -- I think I kind of fell into this trap that a lot of first time novelists fall into where you kind of know that you've got some skill at this whole writing fiction thing and it can get a little ornate, you know? Sentences kind of like wrap around themselves and get a little fussy, kind of overly complicated. And after I wrote that book I read Norman Mailer's novel The Executioner's Song. I find Mailer kind of hit or miss. I truly dislike some of his books but I think The Executioner's Song is a masterpiece and it completely changed the way I write. It's written in the most spare, lucid, pared-down style and yeah, I read that. I think it changed my prose style forever. I began to aspire toward, I guess greater simplicity in the prose. So yeah. If I had to name two books, I think those would be the ones. >> Anne Holmes: Thank you. Alice asks, what message would you want readers to take from The Glass Hotel and Station Eleven? Both were great at showing how we're all interconnected. >> Emily St. John Mandel: That's a nice idea. Thank you. You know, I've always resisted the idea of a book with a message. And I think that comes down to my preferences as a reader where I've definitely had the experience a few times of, you know, I'm reading a novel. I'm really enjoying it, and then it's like the authorial message sledgehammer hits me over the head and it's like the message of this book is -- and in the worse cases it can feel like kind of a Trojan horse problem, where it's like you realize the novel was a delivery mechanism for this particular message. An idea I really like that runs contra to that was really well expressed by Edmund Wilson, a writer and critic active in New York in the 50s. he had a line that I really love. He said, no two readers ever read the same book. And I think that's true, you know? We all come with the books we read through the lens of our own particular experiences and what kind of day we're having and what kind of, you know, how much coffee we've had, like, all these variables. And I like the idea that ten different readers could read Station Eleven or The Glass Hotel and come away with ten different ideas of what the book was about or what it really meant or, you know, what the message is. I kind of feel like that's fine. I have this kind of feeling of detachment where I feel like a reader's relationship with my book, it's almost none of my business. I kind of feel like it's a private matter between the reader and the book. So yeah. I was definitely thinking about interconnectedness as I was writing both books and cause and effect, but I've always been hesitant to ascribe, you know, a specific message that I think people should take away from the book. >> Anne Holmes: Thanks. So Katie says, hi Emily. In the recording, your festival video, you said you don't really write an outline before you start writing. Could you tell us a little more about your process? >> Emily St. John Mandel: Yeah, sure. It's messy. That's the headline to my process. I'm going to preface this by saying I believe there's no right way to write a novel. You know, the way that works for you is the right way to do it. So I definitely know writers who have a complete outline before they sit down and that's what works for them. My process is I'll just have an idea for a scene and I'll just start writing a scene and see what happens. And you know, you just kind of spin it out. You expand on it. A scene then turns into ten pages and then maybe a chapter and as I'm writing, I'm kind of figuring out who the characters are. And then so for me it's just kind of a matter of expanding on that, so I'll, you know, I'll work on a particular story line. I very often write myself into corners so, you know, I remember in particular with Station Eleven writing those three chapters or whatever it is at the beginning from Jeevan's perspective. And then having this moment of, wait, what was I doing with this character? Where was I going with the storyline? And it was fine because I could just jump to a completely different point in the book and write a couple of Miranda chapters, and then figure out how it call came together later. So I do a lot of that. I just kind of write scenes. I write chapters. Often I jump around wildly in time. When I get stuck in a particular storyline or with a particular character, I set it aside and write something else. I put it all together like a kind of jigsaw puzzle as I go along, you know, kind of looking for the greatest possible tension and the strongest possible narrative arc. And after about year of that, I have the most unbelievably messy first draft. And, you know, for me my first drafts are so messy that when I have a complete book, you know, just in the sense of having a beginning, a middle, and an end, I'm less than halfway through the process. Like, it's not really a huge cause for celebration for me, because I know that what lies ahead of me is like two years of revision, so, you know, or four years in the case of The Glass Hotel. So yeah. So then I just revise that first draft over and over and over again, and I feel like that's where anything remotely good happens. So that's where the characters go from being almost like two dimensional cutouts or placeholders into being, you know, hopefully something a little better developed. That's where huge holes in the plot are fixed, or the plot's changed completely. Any kind of refinement or stylistic flourish in the prose is coming through revision as well. Also connections in the book, you know, I'll have people ask me, well, like, you know, how did you connect that, your Chapter 3 to Chapter 70, or whatever? Well, because I read the book 17 times and thought, oh, it'd be cool to connect these two things together. So yeah. I really feel like I find the novel in the revisions and that's how I do it. >> Anne Holmes: Thank you so much. Christina -- and this question has been upvoted a lot -- asks, did you have any paranormal influences that led you to include that element in The Glass Hotel? >> Emily St. John Mandel: Yeah. Reddit, actually. You know, I did a lot of touring for Station Eleven and I feel like reading the creepy pasta threads in Reddit is the worst possible thing to do in a hotel room at night, and yet I would often do it and just completely creep myself out. So yeah. You know, that was, those were the most recent ghost stories I read. But I have always sought out the genre. Ever since I was a kid I've loved ghost stories. So yeah. You know, it's just -- it's been an interest of mine for a very long time. >> Anne Holmes: And Alice would like to know, what prompted your switch from dancing to writing? >> Emily St. John Mandel: I just kind of burned out on the dancing. Yeah, dance was all I had wanted to do from the time I was about six years old to when I graduated from the school of Toronto Dance Theater when I would have been -- I guess I would have just turned 21. And I don't know what happened in the last couple of years of dancing. But I just found I didn't love it anymore. Sometimes the thing that you're driven to do it can somehow like imperceptively change from being a pleasure to being a chore. You know, from this thing you really want to do, to this thing you have to do. And yeah. There was just no more joy in it. I didn't love it anymore. But at the time I'd, yeah, I had a massive student loan debt from the dance conservatory that I went to, so it never occurred to me to go back to school. I felt like that wasn't really an option. And so I found myself thinking, well, what could I do? Like, what comes next? And I've been writing since I was eight years old, just these little short stories and poems that I never showed to anybody, but it was something I really loved and I found myself thinking, well, maybe I could take this more seriously, you know, turn it from a hobby into a career. So I started writing what eventually became my first novel, Last Night in Montreal. So yeah. It was a really -- it was a gradual process of going from thinking of myself to a dancer who sometimes wrote, to a writer who sometimes danced, to just really committing to the writing. >> Anne Holmes: Yeah. Patricia asks, what is the most surprising thing you've discovered while doing research for one of your books? >> Emily St. John Mandel: This is a really small thing, but I did a lot of research into the shipping industry for The Glass Hotel and for Station Eleven. Those boats are so huge and there are so few people aboard, you know? This boat the size of seven football fields will have 20 people keeping the whole thing running. So that kind of surprised me. I was also surprised by the frequency of pandemics, I guess. You know, I'd always sort of thought in terms of, you know, the Black Plague, like the ones that you hear about a lot. But just realizing the ravages of smallpox on this continent over the centuries and yeah, and just kind of how frequently it happens that a pandemic comes along, which is obviously sort of horribly relevant now, but yeah. That was something I found startling when I was researching. >> Anne Holmes: Thank you so much. Michelle asks, do you think you will revisit characters from Station Eleven in your future work? >> Emily St. John Mandel: Yeah. I think so. I already did to some extent. You know, Miranda Carroll and Leon Prevant are both characters in The Glass Hotel, but I also really loved Clark, the character in the airport in Station Eleven and I would love to use him again in something. I don't know how I'll do it, but I love the idea. >> Anne Holmes: Great. She also asks, can you tell us anything about the new novel you're working on? >> Emily St. John Mandel: No. [laughs]. I can tell you I'm also doing TV work which has been fun. I'm adapting The Glass Hotel. Yeah, the new novel, you know, it's the situation is it's so early in that even I don't really know what it's about, so yeah. It's a little bit mysterious, even to me. >> Anne Holmes: Well Michelle also asks, and as you mentioned, what is the status of your TV series? How is that going? >> Emily St. John Mandel: It's going good. Thanks for asking. I just finished the second script with my coworker Semi Chellas. Semi was on Mad Men for years and she's also Canadian and yeah. She just has a deep knowledge of television and she's a pleasure to work with so it's been a really fun process just having a collaborator for this stuff. Yeah. We finished the second script. We're submitting it to the production company. The production company's trying to close a deal with a director, and then we're hoping to start pitching it in the next month or so, you know, to try to sell it to a Netflix or an Apple Studios or somebody along those lines. So yeah. It's such a weird world and I'm still so new at it, but I'm optimistic. >> Anne Holmes: Great. Elaine asks, oh she says, thank you for your books. Your stories, structure, and narrative perspective are fascinating and make for very satisfying reads. I know you talked about this a little bit already, but which other authors, if any, do you take inspirations from? >> Emily St. John Mandel: You know, I take inspiration from Jennifer Egan, another Brooklyn writer. Her novel A Visit From the Goon Squad is one of my very favorite books, and I think what I find specifically inspiring, it's probably the prose style which I love, but it's also the boldness of some of the choices she makes around structure. Yeah. She's inspiring to me. Also, a writer who died in the Holocaust, Irene Nemirovksy, author of Suite Francaise. That novel it just has -- it's kind of my own definition of the perfect book. I hesitate to say that because there is no perfect novel, but the prose, it's wonderful. It just has this incredible clarity and elegance and economy of style. So yeah. Those are a couple that I particularly point to. >> Anne Holmes: Thank you. Mamie asks, how are current events influencing your writing? >> Emily St. John Mandel: I think current events might come into the novel I'm writing. Yeah. It's hard to say. >> Anne Holmes: Thank you. Mark has a process question. Do you write on paper or on a computer? Is there software you use to aid in your extensive editing process? >> Emily St. John Mandel: I switch back and forth between the computer and pen on paper. I sometimes find that writing with a pen slows my brain down in a way that's really helpful to me. So yeah. I feel like there's something neurological that happens there, that I like. So what I like to do is start off on paper, just for five or 10 pages and then I'll start transcribing it into the laptop and editing as I go. Sometimes I like to just type directly into the computer, you know? So I switch back and forth. There's a lot of freedom for me in knowing that I'm going to end up trashing most of my first draft anyway, you know? So it's like, just get something onto the screen, you know, however I can, and that's -- yeah. There's freedom in knowing it's all going to be completely revised and recombined. In terms of software, for The Glass Hotel, which has a fairly complex structure, I was using Scribner which was really great. It's a pretty good setup. There's text window that you're typing into but then you create these separate files for different parts of your document and you can drag and drop on a pane on the left side. So if you're doing something kind of structurally weird, like The Glass Hotel and you want to, you know, move the order of sections around, that was really helpful. But then it started crashing toward the end of the editing process and I went back to Microsoft Word. So yeah. The new book, I'm using Notes. It's the Apple word processing software. >> Anne Holmes: Thank you. We have another question about filming. What is your role in the filming of Station Eleven and do you find it satisfying or challenging to see others run with it? >> Emily St. John Mandel: I actually have no role in Station Eleven which they -- so I know the showrunner, Patrick Somerville. When I met him, he was a novelist in Chicago, but he's been out in L.A. for years and has a great career there as a showrunner and writer. So we're kind of friends. We text sometimes. So I get updates on Station Eleven, but by the time the Station Eleven TV project became real, when people were actually working on it, I was just so deep into The Glass Hotel and I felt like I didn't really want to go backwards in time to Station Eleven. So yeah. I have no official involvement with the series but I do get updates every so often. And for the second part of the question, I feel pretty detached, you know? I think that in general, writers fall into one of two camps, where it's either I need to shepherd this project through the transition into a new genre and see it through to production, and then the opposite of that is just send me a big check and do whatever you want, you know? I lean a little bit toward the second option. I feel like it's inevitably going to be different on the screen then it was on paper and that's fine. It's a completely different genre. I believe that Patrick Somerville will hold true to the spirit of the book even if the plot points are a little bit different. Yeah. So I feel like it's in good hands and I'm pretty detached from it. >> Anne Holmes: Thank you. William asks, I'm curious. How instrumental are your editors in terms of the book in its final form? >> Emily St. John Mandel: They are very instrumental. I have kind of an unusual situation in that I actually have three editors who work on the book, which came about just from the way we sold Station Eleven, my agent and I, where we sold it separately in every territory. So it's sold in the U.S. so I had my American Editor, Jenny Jackson at Knopf. Then we sold it separately in Canada. I had dual citizenship and it made sense to have separate publishers. So then the Canadians said, well, you know, we've made an investment here. We'd like to be involved in the editing. So fine, then I had two editors. Jennifer Lambert in Canada at Harper Collins. Then we sold it in the U.K. to Picador and Picador was like, well we've kind of made an investment too. We'd also like to be involved in the editing process, so Sophie Jonathan at Picador is my third editor, and we drew the line after three because it was getting crazy. But you know, I was really a bit worried that it would kind of be this nightmarish editing-by-committee scenario, but it turned out to be great. Having three very intelligent editors' opinions I really trust look at my manuscript, I feel like it just makes it vastly better than it would have been with just one or, you know, God forbid, if it had just been me like, with no editor. So yeah. The process was pretty similar with Station Eleven and The Glass Hotel. The Glass Hotel, it's those same three editors and it's an intense process. You know, my first round of editorial notes for The Glass Hotel, I think it would be fair to summarize them as basically, could you please change everything? -- so no they -- it was like, we loved it, but if you could please change the structure, the characters, the dialogue, you know, everything. So yeah. I went through three rounds of pretty intense rewrites for The Glass Hotel to get it right. I sometimes -- it's like this weird sort of trope. It almost feels like an urban legend in publishing that editors don't edit anymore. I have no idea where that came from. I'm really intensely edited. So yeah. They just -- they take my books and they make them a hundred times better. >> Anne Holmes: Thanks. Alicia has another question about dancing, so she asks, as someone who trained in dance, do you have any urge or aversion to centering a novel in the dance world? >> Emily St. John Mandel: You know, it's funny. I don't have a conscious aversion and yet I've never centered a novel in the dance world, and that is my background. So, I don't know. I felt like in a weird way I was almost writing about the dance world when I was writing about the traveling symphony in Station Eleven, because, you know, it is an orchestra but I was absolutely drawing on my experience in dance companies and writing abut the interpersonal relationships and the kind of intensity of touring and performing with these very talented, mildly neurotic artists. So yeah. I kind of felt like I was mapping my dance experience onto music with that book. But yeah. For whatever reason, I've never been especially drawn to writing about dance. I'm not sure why that is. >> Anne Holmes: Thanks. So Barbara asks, where you freaked out when the real pandemic struck, and says, I could not continue to read Station Eleven. Scary. >> Emily St. John Mandel: Yeah. You know, I don't recommend reading Station Eleven, for the record, during a pandemic. I feel like I've been very consistent in that messaging. Yeah. I wouldn't read it, a pandemic novel during an actual pandemic, personally. I was freaked out. Yeah. You know, it seemed so abstract because in this part of the world we just haven't had an experience with a pandemic for 100 years, so it just wasn't -- yeah. It did feel a little bit out of the blue, even though I kind of knew intellectually that of course there was always going to be another pandemic. Yeah. It was -- I was freaked out. I'm in New York City and it was bad here at the beginning, you know? April was pretty dire. So yeah. >> Anne Holmes: Thanks. Rachael follows up on your discussion earlier that characters, a couple characters from Station Eleven appear in The Glass Hotel, and she asks, how did you reconcile that connection between the stories with the fact that the former is not set in a specified time period and the latter is? >> Emily St. John Mandel: I was thinking of them as parallel universes and I tried to sort of lay that groundwork in both books, but I know I wasn't completely successful because I have gotten a couple of reviews that have been really nice but the reviewer has said something like, and The Glass Hotel is clearly set in the years leading up to Station Eleven, but what I tried to do, here was my plan. In Station Eleven, I realized pretty early on that I wanted to use a couple of the characters again, which posed a pretty obvious problem in the context of a pandemic that kills most of them. So toward the end of Station Eleven, in one of the post-apocalyptic chapters, there's a scene where Kirsten and August are sitting by the road together and they're playing this game that's clearly been part of their vocabulary for years, just kind of riffing on alternate visions of reality, you know? A version of reality where that flu pandemic never happened. And then what I was trying to do was lay the groundwork for the idea of different versions of reality, or alternate universes. And then I tried to echo that toward the beginning of The Glass Hotel where Vincent is kind of playing the same game but just with herself. She's kind of wandering around Manhattan and she's just sort of riffing on different versions of reality, the same way Kirsten and August were. So yeah, one of the scenarios she finds herself thinking about is, imagine if that terrifying new swine flu hadn't been quite so swiftly contained and if civilization had collapsed. So I tried to set up the idea of parallel tracks, but I know it's confusing and I know I probably could have made it clearer. >> Anne Holmes: I think you did very well. So we are sadly almost at our time for this session. So I think we have time for one more question. And Angela asks, how has your experience in the publishing industry changed since you started? Are you excited or anxious about its future? >> Emily St. John Mandel: Yeah. I feel like -- so the short answer is I guess I'd say I'm optimistic about its future. People are reading. Bookstores are busy. I've had such varied experience within the publishing industry. My first three novels were published with a tiny press and then with Station Eleven I made the jump to a much larger publisher and that's where I've stayed. So I've just had such disparate experiences than, you know, the small press world is so incredibly different from like the Big Five world, you know, with a publisher like Knopf. So I feel like there hasn't been enough continuity for me, like through my career, to have any kind of cleareyed view of, you know, how the experience feels different at the beginning and now. >> Anne Holmes: Well thank you so much, Emily and yeah, unfortunately we are out of time but thank you so much for sharing your time with us -- >> Emily St. John Mandel: My pleasure. >> Anne Holmes: -- so generously today. >> Emily St. John Mandel: Oh, it's been a pleasure. Thanks for interviewing me. >> Anne Holmes: So we've been speaking with Emily St. John Mandel, whose latest book is The Glass Hotel. You can find her presentation on the fiction stage of the National Book Festival. And thanks again to our audience out there for all of those fantastic questions. We hope all of you will take the time to explore the many programs at this year's festival.