>> Welcome to today's episode of our online office hours from the Library of Congress. Our focus today is on Law Day, which is actually tomorrow Friday, May 1st. We're glad you're joining us live or by recording. As a reminder, these informal sessions are shorts. There'll be a 20-minute demonstration, and the sessions are being recorded. You'll have the opportunity to talk to each other and the presenters via chat; so let's get started using the chat. Tell us your name, where you're joining us from, and what and whom you teach, if that is appropriate? As I mentioned earlier, today's episode is celebrating Law Day. Discover how the Library of Congress resources can effectively support law-related education. Learn what the law library has to offer and hear resource tips to use in the classroom from the library's civics teacher and resident, Jen Rydell. She is joined by Anna Price from the Library of Congress law library, and we have several of our learning and innovation office colleagues on chat available to answer questions and to serve you the URLs from our speakers. So without further delay, I will hand the mic over to our first presenter, Jen Rydell. >> Really excited to be with all of you today. Thank you for joining us, whether it's live or you get to hear us a little bit later recorded. So we want to encourage people to think about using primary sources in conjunction with Supreme Court cases, and if there's somebody on the fence why you would want to use a Supreme Court case as a primary source, I want to give you a couple incentives or tips and think about the court cases represent what's happening in a moment in time in history, and they're excellent ways to teach not just legal concepts or constitutional ideas but moments in time. Another compelling reason that I'd really love people to think about court cases and infuse those in their teaching is that they're narratives and they're stories, and all of us humans are wired for stories and students are no different, whether they're a younger age or older in secondary, they really seem to gravitate to stories that illustrate time periods and constitutional ideals and how law has been tested. So I'd really want to encourage you again how you could use court cases and affiliated resources to really enrich students' understandings. I'm going to talk about three different ways you might use Library of Congress resources. So the first one we're going to talk about is if you were teaching, I opted for Scott versus Sandford, which is usually referred to as the Dred Scott case of 1857, and this case we know, for most of this, is really at the tip of the iceberg of the United States entering into the Civil War. And while tragic, it's an excellent one to teach about judicial interpretations, citizenship, and that historical moment, and that's what I want to focus on. While we know that the case ruled, the Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott, we also know that it represented the tension occurring in the nation. So you see here these two images, which I believe we're putting the information in the chat box, are both taken from Chronicling America, and on the left and Chronicling America actually has a library resource guide that's entitled Leading Canvas, and you can see curated newspaper articles that are really effective to show the multiple viewpoints on slavery. So you have the one on the left, Squatter Sovereign, that is supporting the southern view of retaining slavery, and on the right there you have an anti-slavery bugle article that is basically saying that they are committed as abolitionists to rid America of slavery. So using those I think really helps broaden students' understanding of the Dred Scott case in historical moment. This image here is taking from, as you can see, we have primary source sets on the library's teacher's page, and these are sets of curated and gathered images in different primary source formats that can help students understand an event or a series of events. This here is an image drawn by Theodore Kaufman, and he drew this and if you can see in the back, you have presumably those that are trying to keep slavery and they are attacking. There's guns, they're holding muskets, and they are pointing them these gentlemen that are African American, and presumably some think they might be slaves, whether or not they're free men, and so you can pick from a variety of images, both maps and manuscripts and letters and newspaper articles, to give students a pretty broad view of why the Dred Scott case was so significant, not just tragic for African Americans, but why was it significant on the eve of the Civil War in that historical moment? So the next thing beyond just thinking about how to use a variety of primary sources to enrich and expand, and actually I want to add here we, in conjunction with all the rich resources we have, the library has a teaching with primary sources grant program, and one of the regional grants was they had, street law worked with the Department of Education in Maryland and they wrote case summaries on historical cases, including Dred Scott and five others, for the Maryland U.S. history 8th grade teaching objectives. So those are, I'd really recommend; they're free and using the street law case summaries that are historic in nature combined with the richness of many of the resources we have, I think, makes for some pretty awesome learning opportunities for kids. The next thing I'd like to highlight that I really, I never knew about until I had this position this year, and this is the Drawing Justice exhibition. This can be accessed online, and what this is, this demonstrates a variety of different cartoonists. It's a collection of courtroom illustrations drawn by artists who work for a variety of newspapers and TV stations during a whole litany of pretty famous cases, and I'll show you in the next slide, the exhibit offers several categories to choose from. And to me, this seems pretty rich for what students might be able to do with this. So as you can see here, there's a variety of categories, and I'll highlight in just a moment the significant landmark cases, but when you play around with this, these trial categories could be nice portals for students into a moment of time of a court case that was sensational perhaps or important in the constitutional or legal principal that it established, or perhaps the controversy that it engendered. I could see prompting kids to analyze these images and then maybe if they dug a little deeper and researched the cases in their entirety, perhaps they themselves draw what they believed would represent and image or a moment from the case from their research. So when we go a little deeper and look at, I'm in the, I highlighted the significant landmark cases right here. You at the top here, you could there's a satire case, which some of you might know is Hustler versus Jerry Falwell, and then you have, on the right, a case that I want to highlight and that's Furman versus Georgia. Furman versus Georgia, for anyone that might teach a law and society class or civics or even U.S. history, is one of two significant cases in the 70s that dealt with the death penalty, and what's I thought awesome about these particular cases is, and this isn't from all the exhibition items; they happen to have not just the courtroom illustration, which is rich to draw from and analyze and we have a, I want to mention, the teaching with primary sources resources for teachers on our page has a primary source analysis guide that you could use to help prompt students in analyzing these particular images and to pull out what they might represent. Underlying transaction when you look at these, in addition to the richness of these courtroom illustrations, you'll see there, there's some primary source documents and in particular, the one on the right of the death penalty; that was actually a memo that was written by Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas on a case as to why he was against the death penalty. And if you go further in our collection, which it's not highlighted here, there's also another image that I just have to tell you about. He received a letter from a woman who was quite angry about his position on the death penalty, and it has floral stationary and she wrote to him and this is the quote: "in addition to the prose I say to the almighty God daily, the earnest believe that the next victim of the scene, for whom you have such unmitigated compassion, will be the person nearest and dearest to you." I can only imagine kids just going nuts reading that and thinking wow, a Supreme Court Justice was sent what seems to be a proper and appropriate letter by a citizen, when in fact it's sentiment is the complete opposite. So I encourage you to, you and your students, to consider how could you dig into this exhibition and take it many directions, both with law, social studies in general, civics, U.S. history, and even art. I think that this would be a nice venue into art projects, and then this third thing I wanted to highlight that I think would be useful for teaching legal concepts would be just to use the Library of Congress basic search engine. And so what you see here is an image that I did this search and I searched for due process, and I left it when the search box says everything; so I didn't limit it. What you can there with the screenshot is that the first two things that came up were images, and one, in fact, is an image that I ended up getting really enthralled with and wrote a blog post that we published today on due process. And you can see there it's the Puck Magazine, which was a satirical magazine published in the 1900s, and there's a lot of rich imagery and content that can be used in a variety of ways in secondary classrooms. So to highlight that, what I recommended and I think you can access right now as we're speaking, in our blog today is to take students through an analysis of this image. This has so many different angles you can go with in terms of legal analysis. You can look at; you can prompt the students of who is the woman? What does she represent? What symbols is she holding that would help us understand what she represents? Why is she riding on a snail? You might also encourage students, then, to think well, that's all in the foreground. What's in the background? What is that building in the back? What does it say on it? You might also ask students, as I've indicated there, to think about what's on those rocks? Well, if for of you, depending on how you're viewing this to tell you, written on those rocks are the words "certificate of beyond a reasonable doubt, change of venue, injunction, and appeals." All facets of our legal system that have to do with the overarching theme of due process, and I would think that those would be rich just from analysis of this image where students could start analyzing those and figure out what they mean, how they've been applied, and perhaps find some court cases where they've been interpreted in different ways. So at this point, I have given you maybe a fire hose of legal ideas to infuse within the classroom with primary sources, but I'm excited to turn it over to Anna Price and hear what she has for you. >> Thanks, Jen. I'm going to toss the ball to Hannah and give her a second to get setup. So Anna, just accept and then go up to share and then, yup, you've got it. Thank you. >> All right, okay thank you both so much. Okay, so my name is Anna Price, and I'm a legal reference librarian at the Library of Congress. I'm here to compliment Jen's presentation and give you a brief overview of some things that the law library offers. So I'll be going through some of our online resources pretty quickly, but we're going to have a long Q&A session, and I'll be happy to go into greater detail when we get to that point. So to start off, I was asked to give a little information about myself since my librarianship is pretty unique. I have not always been a librarian. I used to practice law. I was a trial lawyer in Washington State about five years where I primarily represented injured people, if like medical malpractice, auto accidents. I also did some civil rights litigation and employment law. I worked mostly at the trial court level, but I also have some appellate practice under my belt, including arguing before the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, but then here after about five years I decided I didn't want to fight with people for a living anymore. So I decided to think about my next career step, and librarianship came to mind pretty easily because its component parts are shared with the law, at least the parts of law that I really enjoyed like research, writing, helping people, and problem solving. So I moved to D.C. and started volunteering in libraries. Eventually, I was running a municipal public law library in Virginia, but I've been at the Library of Congress now for one year. So enough about me; let's go ahead and talk about the Law Library of Congress. So a little bit of background; the law library is almost 200 years old. It was originally created by law to serve the legal reference needs of all branches of the federal government, and we continue to do that today. Although, now we also assist members of the public. We have the largest legal collection in the world, totaling almost three million volumes, and some of these include primary source materials from all over the world. Over half of our collection is foreign law materials. We also have rare books and rare materials, Supreme Court records and briefs, a microphone collection, and when we're open, the law library reading room is open to the public and we have 30,000 volumes in our public sets. Over [inaudible] of our materials are in closed stacks that are accessible only to library staff or patrons upon request. So the law library has a really easy URL to remember; it's law.gov and it has a ton of information on this page, but I'll highlight just a few key things. At the top of the screen, you'll see a button that says "Ask a Librarian," and this is where you can submit online reference questions. On the left, we've highlighted a couple of links that might be useful to you as educators. So you'll find digitized materials here, reports that we've drafted for Congress, and guides on [inaudible] our collections. On the right, you'll see our contact information. I need to note that right now we're not answering our public line but are directing people to submit inquiries through "Ask a Librarian." At the bottom of the screen, you'll see a link to the guide to law [inaudible]. This is a portal with over 9,000 books to legal resources, and even though we're part of the federal government, we don't just have American federal law; we have links to state law resources, foreign legal information, and Indigenous people materials. If you keep scrolling down, you'll see even more information. We do have a blog in [inaudible], and we have a blog team that publishes multiple posts each week. On the right, you'll see a link to the legal research institute, and this is a brand new feature as of just a few days ago. I'll touch on that in a little more detail later in the presentation. At the bottom, there's a link to a listing of our databases, and we're going to take a closer look at that right now. So here's the listing of our databases and e-resources. You'll find links to legal research databases organized by topic, a description of their contents, and their accessibility. So while a lot of our databases are subscription resources that you can access only from our site, this list includes resources that are freely available to anyone as long as you have an internet connection. I think it still worth; I think it's worthwhile to visit this page to see if it's available. The law library also publishes live guides or research guides. We now have 26 guides on different topics, but we're creating new guides all the time. If you're not familiar with research guides, these are curated and organized collections of resources on a specific topic and they're also called subject guides. Coming back to Jen's presentation, if a patron came to me and wanted to know more about the Dred Scott decision, I would probably direct them to the guides that I've highlighted on the right: How to Find Free Case Law Online, U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, and Federal Statutes. And kind of on a practical note, I will say that I use this resource all the time. Law is such an expansive topic. It's impossible to memorize everything. It's really nice to have so much information on a topic consolidated into one source. It's a real time saver. So I mentioned earlier that the library has digitized collections, and for the law library to be for mostly primary source legal materials, such as old versions of the U.S. code, which is where legislation passed by Congress is organized and United States treaties. But looking back again to Jen's presentation, I would director a researcher who wanted to know more about the Dred Scott case to U.S. Reports, and for those of you unfamiliar, U.S. Reports is the official publisher of legal appeals from the U.S. Supreme Court, and we have digitized and fully searchable copies available on law.gov from 1754 to 2004, and you can either browse U.S. Reports by volume, authoring justice, or topic, or you can do a search for cases in keyword, like I've done here. So I entered part of the case name into the search box, and the first result was the opinion. If you are doing this kind of search and look through to where it says U.S. Reports like Scott v. Sandford, you can go ahead and download the entire opinion from the Supreme Court. And you can also search for terms on legal topics like Medicaid or copyright. Like I said, these materials are fully searchable, including the entire text. So you don't just have to research by case name. So moving on to the Legal Research Institute. Like I mentioned, this site went live only a few days ago and it has an assortment of links to online legal resources that I've touched on, including the Guide to Law Online in our digitized collections. So it's a really good place to start if you want to just get a quick introduction to what law.gov provides, but law.gov itself can be kind of overwhelming. I would say that the Legal Research Institute is a little more streamlined, but it also directs visitors to information about our webinars. For example, we started a series of webinars on a lot of foreign and comparative legal issues like Brexit and the global response to the Coronavirus, but we also have a section on the Legal Institute Page about American legal topics and webinars. Some upcoming webinars are listed on the slide here. I'll be leading the Orientation to Law Library Collections webinar on May 13th, which is a 45-minute version of what I've covered today, and eventually we will have recordings of past webinars as well, but those need to be processed before they can be put online. So I hope you take some time to look at our upcoming offerings. These webinars are free and open to the public, although we do request that you pre-register online through Eventbrite. So like I promised at the beginning, we went through law.gov really quickly. There's so much information on the site that it's impossible to get through in a day, let alone ten minutes, but here are some links to popular collections and publications that we'll continue to keep updating. Feel free to look at some of collections and let me know if you have questions about our resources during the Q&A, and that about covers it for me. Here's some of our contact information as well. I'm happy to answer any questions. >> Thank you, Anna. Excuse me, and thank you Jen. That was absolutely fantastic, and I just have to commend you. You did it all in 20 minutes, so bravo. So I actually have a question for Jen, and so as Anna started speaking, she talked about her road to the Library of Congress and becoming a law librarian. You mentioned you're a teacher in residency. Can you tell us a little bit about your journey and coming to the library? >> Oh, thanks Kathy. I, about a year ago, saw some a friend from Washington State posted on his Facebook page somebody needs to apply for this teacher in residence position and I guess that somebody was me, and what really affected me was that I have both my degrees in history, but my love, if I could teach something all day long, it would be civics and especially law-related education but that doesn't usually get to be the case. So I realized that the ability to combine U.S. history and history in general along with civics, since they were, you were looking for a civics teacher and resident was kind of a dream come true. So I felt like I needed to apply and see where it would take me, and it has taken me many paths. I had no idea; I still don't know what I don't know about the library, but I know a lot more and I know a lot of how I will highlight these resources for teachers and how I will, I already know. I've been my head's been spinning since I found out what my classes are for next year. So I've already been trying to think how I will use what I've learned and the resources I've interacted with and the organizations I've interacted with that the library partners with. So I got here in a happenstance way, but I'm hoping it was for a higher and a better purpose. >> Thank you, Jen. I really appreciate that background. So I'm going to open it up to the audience. If you have any questions you can feel free to put them into the chat. I put in a link that 3:30 today there is another webinar event that is sponsored between the law library and ABA to celebrate Law Day. It's at 3:30 and I put the link into the Eventbrite where you can register for the event, and from a meeting I was at earlier today, I can tell you there are over 1,000 people that have responded to the registration. So if you are interested in continuing the conversation at 3:30 today, you might want to look at that event. We will stay here and answer any questions. I actually have one for Anna. I have a question about what- Not really interacting with the law library myself in the research that I do, what are some of the questions that you get through Ask a Librarian or through the reference desk? >> Oh, wow. They really run the gamut. Thinking of some recent interesting ones lately, just within a couple of days of each other, for example, one person wanted to do kind of a legal genealogical, so a legal genealogical quest. His grandfather or great grandfather had argued before the U.S. Supreme Court, and he wanted to know about finding the whole argument transcript or just anything that listed his relative's name. So I directed him to some Supreme Court resources, and then a couple days later I was working on a request from somebody who was doing a project related to the Dead Kennedys, the punk rock band, and wanted to know more about obscenity laws in the United States. So that's just a really brief sampling, but it just I think those two examples demonstrate how, you know how broad the law is, how much it touches people, and just the variety of questions that we get. >> Yeah, that definitely runs the gamut; really interesting. My next question is for Jen. You talk about using the law cases with your students. What is their reactions? Can you tell us a little bit about what the takeaways are for your students in terms of their new understandings in working with the law? >> The way that I've been able to do it over the years has, it seems to work, and what I mean by that is I'll even give you an example. A year or two ago, we'd my students were all getting sick, and so I didn't have enough people to do the traditional mock trial we were going to do and I said to the kids okay, let's do a moot court, which would be just recruiting oral arguments. And I let them, I actually let them into street law and said you can pick the case or I can pick the case, and because it was a current ongoing case that happened to be about the travel ban with the Trump Administration, and I have a pretty overwhelmingly liberal bunch of kids, but I have a few kids that come from conservative backgrounds and it was amazing. These are not kids that would probably describe themselves as academic, but once they got into the fact pattern of the case and understood what parts of the Constitution were at play and what parts of federal law, and they developed their cases and we had our petitioner and our respondent. They really get into it because then you have kids that act as the Supreme Court and they field, they throw questions to both sides, and I know for a fact those kids remember that experience and what they learned in terms of principals, legal principals, and listening to one another, and thinking on their feet in critical thinking far more than if they just read something and memorized it. So I really, I'm not, this isn't speaking to me; this is speaking to the strategy of using in engaging ways and simulations with court cases. I've never seen a court case simulation, as long as you put the time and energy into it, not work and not make kids really invested in it, and they usually clamor for more. >> Thanks, Jen. That is, that's really helpful. I know it's hard to imagine. I mean, let me put it this way; I think that one of the things that we get from our teachers and residents is a glimpse into what is happening in classrooms, and I think that what teachers are going through right now is so incredibly challenging. Have you talked with some of your colleagues about how they are approaching teaching civics and teaching law at this time when they are really shut out of their schools and having to teach on with new media; how they're able to continue teaching civics? >> I think that's a really good question, and I'll speak to civics because that's really my world, but what I'm seeing both in my home district, Bellingham School District in Washington State, and I just sat on an ICivics phone call or webinar last night with teachers from around the country. What I'm hearing right now in this moment in time is that people are in varying states of just surviving, of trying to find resources for their students, and the younger the students for civic instruction, the harder it is to find things that are relevant to give the students in an asynchronous environment. So that's a real struggle right now, but this is kudos to anyone listening that's affiliated with an organization that is providing ready-to-go materials for teachers because those teachers, that is a lifeline for them right now. If they know that the organization is- >> Jen, we actually lost your audio. >> How about then? >> I can hear you, Jen. >> Okay, I'm sorry everyone. I don't know; Anna or Anna I'm still on? >> Yeah, I can hear you. >> Okay, so bottom line what I'd like to tell people listening is that teachers I think right now are surviving to whenever the end of their school year is, whether that be soon or later into the summer. If I think what we're going to see is that as different regions open their schools, perhaps in a gradual basis in the fall, we're going to see teachers have a bit of breathing room this summer and they're going to try to be a little more strategic. It's not that they're not being strategic now, but they're flying the plane while building it, and I think with sometime in the summer, even though they should have it off, they won't; they'll be thinking how to put their classes together. People are going to be looking to organizations of what do they have that's high quality that they can put in various tech platforms for their students. And so while teachers' needs and students' needs are all across the landscape right now, I think people are reactive and we're going to see a shift to being proactive knowing that we need to plan if there might be another round of us having to deal with the virus and what that means. >> Hi, this is Danna [phonetic]. I'm wondering if Kathy may have lost your audio; so I'm sliding in. I'm Danna Doll. I'm an educational resource specialist here at the library, and I'm hoping that members of the audience have additional questions for Jen and Anna regarding what they're doing, regarding other tips or teaching civics and law in the classroom. >> I will ask, I'll ask one. If you have one desire of what you want people to get out of today's presentation, what would it be for both of you? >> Do I mind if I jump in, Jen? >> Go for it. >> Okay, so I think that what I want people to know is even though libraries are shut down everywhere, we are still doing our best to remain connected. We are available through Ask a Librarian, and I really encourage people who have legal reference questions to contact us, and also look at some educational opportunities through the Legal Research Institute, for example. If you want to learn more about legal research and how to do your own research, whether it's for a case you're working on or just out of curiosity, there are resources available and we really encourage you to use them and we're here to help you use them. >> I think I would add to that, that if there's one thing I could have anyone here, particularly those that might not have used court cases in their classrooms, or maybe if they have they've stuck to more of the excerpts of the actual case, which there's nothing wrong with that. There's nothing wrong with using case summaries and having kids read those and think about what they represent, but if I could push the envelope and encourage people to think how can you broaden the understanding of that case in situate it in a historical moment through interaction with primary sources that give a variety of narratives and viewpoints, and hopefully as we keep digging deeper in primary source offerings, we can also find narratives and viewpoints that represent traditionally marginalized groups that haven't been part of telling the story of the historical moments of these cases. And so that would be my hope is that you just start dabbling and playing with some primary sources that can really enrich students' understanding of the cases that we need to teach them about so they can have a grounding of American history and legal concepts. >> That's a great answer, both of you, thank you. Other questions from the attendees? >> This is Cheryl and this is just pure sort of idle curiosity, but Anna, I'd be really interested to know what surprised you the most when you changed work settings and professions because I'm always curious what people discover when they switch careers? >> Oh. I guess on a very personal note, I learned a lot more about work/life balance. I mean, so many of the rumors you hear about how hard it is to be an attorney are true. It's really hard to leave work at the office, and I still have a kind of workaholic mentality as it is. So I have to kind of temper that a lot of the time with the work I do now, but just you know finding a profession with good work/life balance was really important to me and also just the collegiality of the librarians has been really eye opening. And there are good attorneys out there, don't get me wrong, but librarianship is just we're all so into helping one another that it's constantly heartwarming. >> Anna, I want to add about all you librarian types; anyone listening thinking I've never asked a law librarian a question or even a reference librarian through the Library of Congress or even a local library. Everyone I've interacted with at the library, in reading rooms, or I field them a question just through e-mail; they never met me face to face, has bent over backwards to try to help me access the resources that I was looking for, and I've been really, really impressed. People criticize the federal government, but you're not going to hear that out of my mouth when we talk about the Library of Congress and the people that work in it. I think Anna is completely right; people are very collegial and seek to really work with each other to create the best product possible. >> Thank you for that, Jen. This is Kathy again. Sorry, I had some technical issues, and I want to thank Danna for stepping in, and I'm not sure that you all talked about this, but we do have a recording of another webinar that Jen delivered for us on civics, and it's an hour-long program and I just pasted the URL of where you can get access to the recording of that, if you are looking for more on from Jen on teaching civics in the classroom. And Anna mentioned that they do their web-based events, and she provided the slide with the information for some of that, the 45-minute version of the nine minute version that she did for us today, thank you. And so I highly encourage you to take a look at that as well. So I want to thank everyone for coming today. We will be here to answer any questions that you may want to send in in the next few minutes. Otherwise, this concludes our program. I want to thank our presenters. I want to thank Jen Rydell for sharing all of this with us, and for Anna Price in letting us know a little bit more about the law library. And again, it is just the tip of the iceberg. So we encourage you to go check out their resources and to stay tuned for our next slate of programming with the online office hours. We are here every Tuesday and Thursday 2pm to 3pm, and our next week episodes; give me one second to bring that up. Next week, on Tuesday, we're going to be exploring veteran's history projects with Monica Mohendra [phonetic] from our VPH, the Veteran's History Project through the American Folklife Center. So that's going to be a great program in taking a look at the resources that are available for educators through VHP, and next Thursday at 2:00, we're going to be taking a closer look at digitized materials through the manuscripts division and the manuscripts collections on loc.gov. So Tuesday VHP Thursday is going to be manuscripts and that will be, the recordings will be posted to our office hours page as soon as they are processed. I want again thank our attendees and I want to thank our presenters and I want to encourage you, if you want to continue celebrating Law Day, to definitely check out what is happening at 3:30 with the law library and ABA with the Eventbrite link that I served up. So thank you everyone and I will see you next Tuesday.