>> Robert Brammer: Okay, welcome, my name is Robert Brammer, and thank you for coming to the Law Library of Congress's Legal Gazette Database Webinar. The Law Library is excited to bring you this new database to improve the discoverability of our vast collection of foreign legal gazettes. This webinar will be presented by the Chief of Library Collection Services Division, Kurt Carroll, Supervisor for the Law Library of Collections Services Division, Betty Lupinacci, Lead Technician for Law Library Legal Processing Workflow Resolution, Ken Sigmund, and Law Library Technician, Elina Lee. So, with that, thank you so much for joining us, and I'm going to turn it over to our first presenter, Kurt Carroll. >> Kurt Carroll: Thank you, Robert. Hi, folks, this is Kurt Carroll, Chief of Collections Services Division of the Law Library at the Library of Congress. Glad to see a lot of familiar names on the list, both from AA, LL, and from IL, as well. Usually, I'm on the other end listening to these. I've listened to quite a few of yours over the past nine months. So, this is really my first. As Robert said, today, we're sharing with you a project for a foreign legal gazettes database. You know, this really started years ago as a -- we were trying to get a finding aid for our collections staff. Actually, before I get into that, though, if you are listening today, feel free to submit questions in the chat box. We're going to try to reserve some time at the end of the webinar to respond to your queries. But yet, to start, for anyone who doesn't work regularly with foreign comparative international law material, I'll just do a recap of what official gazettes of foreign legal gazettes are. They're basically, national, state and local primary government publications used to disseminate official information. Gazettes contain formal government legal or judicial notices. They serve as the first and often only part official publication of session laws of a nation, acts, bills, statutory instruments, orders, decrees, resolutions, and regulations all regularly appear in official gazettes. Some nations use their gazette to publish treaties, so, agreement and court reports, and they also contain transcripts of legislative debates, corporate financial statements, policy statements, and legal advertisements. At the Law Library of Congress, official gazettes, they are the top priority for us in developing our foreign law collection. We did do kind of a trial run of this presentation a few weeks ago to just Library of Congress staff, and at the time, I had suggested that this database idea originated five or six years ago, but when I was preparing for this and going through my notes, I found in an email string for 2012, in which I had suggested to our division staff that we create a new electronic version of a 1985 print publication, which was a guide to official gazettes and their contents. So, that was nearly nine years ago. So, I guess time really does fly when you're having fun. And we were far from being revolutionary when we came up with this idea. University of Michigan had taken up the same print guide and created their own government gazette spread page back in 2003. The Center for Research Libraries in the European Forum of Official Gazettes had also created their own databases and lists. For us, our goal was to create electronic resource that would be a definitive list of the analog and digital holdings in our official gazettes collection. By using this 1985 document, we thought we could include the name of each country, the title of their gazette, the preservation format of the holdings, which would include years of coverage and LCCN for each format, the language, since there are gazettes that are published in more than one language, contact held by LC, which is, essentially important for gazettes that are published in multiple sections. We don't necessarily collect every section of a gazette. And then, any notes about the status of the online publication, which we also thought we should include the applicable dates that the gazette went online and was considered official. So, basically, citing the statutes that initiated that action. We're going to have a list -- pardon me, link to the -- pardon me, official gazette website of the host country, whether or not it was freely available or by subscription only, and website content and PDF files, whether they were printable or searchable only. One thing we ran into trying to put this together was that bibliographic control and just collection access the general through the catalog through our official gazettes, it was a real challenge, even to our most experienced technicians and librarians. We have multiple bibliographic records and catalogs for most of the titles. Which, there are a number of reasons for that. Changes in government, breakups or unions of nations, and multiple formats, whether the holdings are in print, microform, or electronics. All those things can cause a new bib record to be created. For serial catalogers out there, I'm sure you understand what I'm talking about, and our holdings, some of them date back to the 19th century. So, there are a lot of years and different cataloging rules that changed over the decades. In that, you know, that original guide, there were only, I think, 200 titles in that print guide. So, but when staff were trying to identify all the bib records for a gazette, we came up with about 1,100 bib records. That's five times what was actually in the print guidebook in the first place. A significant amount of record remediation was done just to ensure that the subject headings and other descriptors were consistent and continued titles were linked to their preceding title. Not all the titles in the catalog at the time were LC classification for law, the K class. Many were still under JX, and some just had the simple LAW shelving system. It wasn't even a real classification. Not all records even had gazettes in the subject line. Some were just termed politics and government. So, following just confirming that we had accurate bibliographic records, we also engaged in just a massive inventory project of all the print, microform, and tangible media formats. Division staff had to research online availability of titles, just and they determined if something was official. Now the added benefit of all this inventory was that we did create quite a few want lists, and we were able to order or try to require any missing issues for a more complete collection. In short, this project, to create a finite, just resulted in a massive amount of data collection. You know, far more than should ever be contained, and especially in a spreadsheet. So, that's what brings you to this project, and with that background on the collection in the lead up to where we are today, I'd like to turn the audio over to Elina Lee from the Law Brief Digital Resources Division, who is instrumental in taking our gazette collection information to create a real-time data visualization for staff and public patrons. >> Elina Lee: Thank you so much, Kurt. Good afternoon everyone. This is Elina Lee in the Digital Resources Division, Law Library of Congress. I'm responsible for the data analysis and data visualization in the project. I'm really excited to share Legal Gazette Database with you. The law Library of Congress maintains one of the largest collections of legal gazettes in the world. I want to explain how we came up with our strategies for presenting the legal gazette resources and how to transfer all legal gazette holdings into a database. The goal of the database is to centralize all legal gazette data in one place in an automated management system, enabling real-time view of the most recent updates, view statistics, individual jurisdictions, and overall collections and build a strong search function. The final goal was to create a data visualization for the public, like an ArcGIS Betty will show you later. The first thing we did was to clean up the existing data and to import all data into the database. We are using Microsoft Access. Next slide. This page is our main page of the system. Our database is created by coding. Its purpose is to retrieve information accurately and efficiently, tracking every single data [inaudible], resisting human errors, and allowing multiple users to update in real time. The database makes it easy for us to maintain our resources, as well as create reports [inaudible] and links to other references. It is totally customized for team members and reflected the project's needs. Next slide. Let's take a look at legal gazettes overview page on our end. After importing the Access [inaudible], we decided how to display the information on the page. After the markup designs, we have the mass of data displayed in this table format on the bottom, and the selected row's information is displayed on the top. Next slide. This is a screenshot of the search and update page. The database provides inventory history and a very powerful search function. Creating clean data, it is accessible and editable by multiple users simultaneously. Tracking inventory refers to date and users who have conducted an examination within the project. All data is updated in real time. We are managing our data very efficiently, and we make them available valuable and reliable. [inaudible] with staff members were seen when they input or search legal gazette data. When you click national jurisdiction or other search options on the search box, the list on the bottom will be filtered by your search word. When you choose one national jurisdiction, the list on the right will be featured. When you double-click any row, index information page, it will pop up, as well as, you can open edit page. So, this database provides us nonstop search and edit functions. Additionally, it is developing its capability, including copyright clearance. From the administration page, we can monitor our statistics, print or email them to colleagues, or create PDF files on this page. It can merge unstructured information into comprehensive, logical research. We can build our further insights here. We are managing our data visually and keeping everyone on the same page. This is one example of a report created in the system. All information from the Access database is converted to a tableau and ArcGIS data visualization every day. Here we can visually check verified and completed and [inaudible] numbers and our progress. This is all I have. I'm going to turn it over to Ken. Thank you. >> Ken Sigmund: Thank you, Elina, and thank you, once again, audience for joining us this afternoon. My name is Ken Sigmund. I'm a lead technician in the Global Legal Collections Service Processing Section. I had help to guide the development of this resource in its original incarnation as an in-house Excel database, as Kurt has mentioned, and as of this past [inaudible], I continue to add to and refine the data for the project as a member of our now-expanded team. As Elina I just mentioned, our database is presented to the public via the ArcGIS cloud-based mapping and analytics software. So, this guide lives on the law Library of Congress's website, which is law.gov. Once you've landed on the main webpage, you can scroll down to the resources section and then click on the hyperlink you'll find in the collections subheading. And then, once you've landed on the collections page, you may click the hyperlink gazette collection heading. So, ArcGIS allows the database to be displayed in both desktop and mobile dashboard versions is for the purpose of this presentation, or my section, rather, we will select the desktop version to the illustrate the searching capabilities of this software, as well as the level of detail with which our database describes our foreign legal gazettes collection. As Kurt mentioned in the introduction, we had felt this necessary to delve into a level of detail beyond cataloging standards of the Library of Congress. So, some jurisdictions present their legal primary source material in a very straightforward fashion such as the Republic of Azerbaijan, which simply produces one monthly compilation that includes all primary legal text. Whereas in other nations such as the Republic of Cyprus, contains over a dozen different sections which are specific to the various categories of legislation, executive instruments, treaties, judgments, and so forth. Once you click on the screenshot, there this will take you into the interface. Now there are two ways by which one can pull up data for a particular world jurisdiction using ArcGIS. You may either click on that particular nation in the interactive map in front of you or by using the drop-down menu in the upper left corner of the screen. We'll begin with the modernization of Germany for this example. Now the modern federal gazette of Germany, the Bundesgesetzblatt, is currently issued in two main sections, as well as two supplemental sections, as you can see in the red box on your screen. All four of these sections are attached to just one bibliographic record. By contrast, each section of the Austrian federal gazette, also Bundesgesetzblatt, has been catalogued independently. There is a unique LCCN number and bibliographic record for each part of this gazette. Requesting a physical item from the Law Library may then require slightly different approaches to using our online catalog to obtain what you're looking for. Returning to Germany by using a drop-down menu, we can also find records for gazette publications of historical jurisdictions, which would be presented in reverse chronological order, as well as subnational jurisdictions, which are presented alphabetically. To locate the record for the West German gazette, for instance, one would then click on either of the hyperlinked LCCN numbers to proceed to the library's online catalog, as they share the same LCCN number and bibliographic record. This takes you to the LC online catalog and towards the top of this page we've arrived, you'll find the bibliographic level information about the publication. By scrolling down the page, more specific information about the library's holdings will come into view. Looking at this, we can confirm that law Library of Congress holds all issues of this title from 1949 to 1990, including a split into two discrete sections beginning in 1951. The various supplements and indexes to this title will appear below. By returning to the box near the top of the page, one may request with a high degree of specificity the exact part in date range of the publication desired by clicking the request this item box as indicated. Now mind you, at this point, our physical collections are currently closed to the reading public, in light of the pandemic, but this Germany example will work as soon as our reading rooms are open to the general public. However, we have other gazettes that are available in digital formats to varying levels of accessibility, at this point. So, for another example, I'd like to use our entry for the gazette of the nation of Columbia. Among the other search options that you have, you can limit gazette formats by using a box, which is found under the drop-down menu in the upper-left-hand corner of the screen. By limiting to digitized only, on-site only gazettes, we can determine the Colombian official gazette, Diario Oficial, has been, in part, digitized by the library and made available to the users online. As with our German example, simply click the hyperlinked LCCN number, which will direct you back to the LC online catalog, and click on the link directly below the title box in the links field. This will take the researcher to the Library of Congress's Stacks 3.0 Digital Content Presentation platform. As you can see here, issues are recorded here by their publication dates. By clicking on the date, May 24, 2019, will yield a fully searchable PDF file of the issues published that day. There may be multiple, as gazettes can often come out in multiple editions per day. This particular issue begins with a text of a law that ratifies an international green growth organization formation to be agreed upon -- that was agreed upon several years prior. And while our physical collections are currently inaccessible to the general reader due to the ongoing pandemic, the Stacks Digital Content Portal may be used in the Electronic Research Center, which is currently open and located in the library's Madison Building first floor. As the Law Library greatly expands their efforts to digitize physical collections and offer high-quality digital content online, more gazette titles will be available to view without restriction from any IP address in the world. At this point, I'd like to turn it over to my colleague, Betty Lupinacci, who'll now delve into greater detail about our online gazette holdings. >> Betty Lupinacci: Sorry, sorry, I was muted. Hi, I'm Betty Lupinacci, supervisor of the Law Library Processing Section, and I'm not usually this -- have this many problems. So, returning to the -- for our third and final search, we're going to look for the Eritrean Income Tax Act, or actually, it's a proclamation of 1994. So, returning to the gazette database homepage, we're going to search for Eritrea on our drop-down menu of national jurisdictions. In the resulting table, we have two options that include 1994. If you can see in the far-right column, one is microfilm and the other is digital open access, which sounds like something interesting. So, we'll go to that record. So, if we click on that record, we come to the library's catalog record, and if we scroll down, we get a link. We click on the link. This takes us to the foreign legal gazettes in the Law Library of Congress section of the library's Open-Access Digitized Collections. Now let's stop here for a second so I can tell you that this is a new initiative for the Law Library. We have other titles in this collection, such as U.S. Reports and CFR, etc., but Eritrea is our first gazette, but a little bit more about that later. So, if we scroll down the facets on the left, we can see there's 298 items in this collection. If we go down, we're looking for 1994. So, we're going to go to the 1990s, which gives us 22 hits. We're going to go to 1994, and then we're going to go down and search for taxation, or we could've looked for income tax, either one, and the result is four hits, the second of which is a proclamation to provide for payment of income tax, Proclamation 62 1994. If we click on that document and open it, we come up with this document, and here's where we tend to have -- lose some patrons. As I'm sure any librarians in our audience have experienced with primary source materials in your collection, there are a number of users who expect all items to be in English and will be surprised to see this document printed in Tigrinya. But fear not, if we scroll down to about the middle of this document, we see an English translation, as this title is published in two languages. Now I went a long way around to get here, but obviously, you can see this platform is much more robust than the Stacks 3.0 program that Ken presented. For this search, we could've just gone to the front page for this collection and entered the proclamation number, if that's a citation that you had, which would give us the original document in two later amendments, or we could've started with the subject taxation, and then narrowed it further by year, and so on and so on. Again, the search capabilities here are much better, as you can search across documents, whereas in Stacks, you have to know the date of the issue you are looking for before you can search within that issue. As I said, Eritrea was our pilot jurisdiction, and right now is the only gazette collection available on the library's digital collections page, which is open to the public. But we are currently finishing the metadata for the UAE gazette, have started on Egypt, and have another 20 titles waiting to be added, and we are continually adding more titles to the queue as we choose them for digitization. When we select a new title for digitization, our foreign law specialists determine if they are free from copyright restrictions, which, of course, is the only way they can be eligible to display on the public-facing website. Otherwise, they will remain on Stacks 3.0. So, stay tuned for those updates. Okay, now let's go back to the dashboard and look at it a bit closer. We've shown you a few searches so that you could see the various types of results, but let's look at the other ways to use this database. Sticking with Ken's search in Germany, by clicking on the small cross in the upper-right corner of the table, you can expand the columns for larger view. The map will disappear, and you can see many more lines of the table. As Ken mentioned, the order that the results for any jurisdiction will be in reverse chronological order for the federal material. So, you can go all the way back through to the earliest gazette that we own, and after that, it will go to subnational jurisdictions, which will be alphabetical, and if we collect any municipal, they would come last. Back to the homepage, we've shown you how to choose a national jurisdiction, but you can also choose multiple jurisdictions. For example, say Armenia and Azerbaijan. When you do this, you'll see both locations on the map, and the table will contain all the results for both jurisdictions. You can do the same with the sub-nationals. You can choose multiple jurisdictions, and here we've got Alberta and Onwe. If you're interested format, we've got a format search where you can follow our progress as we add open access and on-site digital titles, or you can use the format search to limit your results for any jurisdiction search that you may do. Back to the homepage, as Ken mentioned, if you're good in geography, you can simply search by clicking the map on the jurisdiction you are interested in. Doing this gives you a pop-up box that contains the first record for that jurisdiction, in this case, Iceland, and you can then scroll through all these records with the pop-up box with the arrows at the top right. And if you click the far-right icon on the bottom of the pop-up box, you will then get the results for that particular record in the table below. If you then double-click back on the country icon on the map, you will get all the results for that jurisdiction in the table below. Starting over again on the homepage, you have a series of icons on the right side of the top, the first of which is a search box. Here you can search titles and content tables from the column, the columns from the table. Right now, this search tool is a will bit wonky. It limits the number of results it will give you, but we expect with the upgrade coming early next year to the software that this is taking care of, we've seen it in the beta version and the search function will be much more easy to use and give you what you need. At the far right, you can have a little bit of fun by changing the map view to imagery or topography or whatever you decide you want to look at, if you're so inclined. Now if we go back to our law.gov gazette collections page, as Ken mentioned, in addition to the desktop interface that we'd be demonstrating, there is a mobile version. If we open that, you'll see it looks a little bit different than the desktop version, but it still has all the same functions, except here, all of your icons are on the left-hand side. The main difference that you might want to use the mobile version even on a desktop is the ability to sort the columns in the table. So, here for example, we can sort by title, and again, if we expand the table, here you would have an alphabetical listing of all the gazettes by title. And no matter which version you're on, there's always a link to Ask the Librarian at the top, where you can request more information or inquire about titles not yet posted to the database. So, that concludes the instruction to the foreign legal gazette database collection. Again, this is an ongoing project, and we have a long ways to go before it's complete. Some of the steps take longer than others. For example, combing our Stacks for materials and poring through the bibliographic records is very time consuming, as we double check and triple check each entry before we add it to the public-facing website and to be able to post anything to the library's digital collections public site takes many layers of review and approval. So, progress is never as fast as we would hope. You also got a preview of a couple of the Law Library's other projects, which we're rolling over from microfilming to digitization of gazette titles, and we expect a full rollover from filming to digitalization within the next three years. And you've seen how we're making them available in-house for new titles and those that are under copyright restriction via Stacks 3.0, and how we're eventually making them available to the public from the library's homepage once we determine that they are free from copyright restrictions. Even though the gazette database is far from complete, with these new digital initiatives, we wanted to give users a single place to search and access items sooner rather than later. As you can imagine, it's taken a great number of people to get as far as we have, starting with my section, who searches and inventories each title and updates the individual entries. The Law Library's Digital Resources Division turned our massive spreadsheet into what you see here today, and the library's Office of the Chief Information Officer assisted with building and fine-tuning the site, and the Law Library's management continues to push us, but also to encourage us. If there's anything good to say about being forced off-site for months, it's that that's what gave us the time to make enough progress to be able to bring you today's demonstration. Now we can take any questions that you may have. If you have questions, please type them in the chat box, and I see we already have some questions. I'll start reading them, and we'll see you can best answer them. The first question I think we've answered. "Does this database provide any access to full-text, or does it just refer to catalog records?" And as we showed, depending on the title, it will take us to full text. "Are there English translations of some of the gazettes available in digital content?" Only if the jurisdiction provides it. We do not do translations here, for the most part, at the Library of Congress, and if it's published in more than one language, it will appear that way when we digitize it, as we saw with the Eritrean gazette. But for the most part, they are in the official language of the country that produced them. "How often do you digitize official gazettes?" Ken, do you want to handle that? >> Ken Sigmund: Yes, please, and it was also asked what percentage of the gazette collection is currently available digitally? To answer that one first, a very small portion. We only started digitizing our current receipts in earnest since 2019 after -- following the pilot that we did in 2017 to determine award of contract to process the task. At this point, now that the workflow has been set up, we are sending monthly shipments out to that said contractor for digitization. We will have 1.5 to 2 million pages converted into digital PDFs this year. This is how we measure it. And as Betty mentioned just a few moments ago, it should be expanding by leaps and bounds in the next few coming years. So, you will see more and more available online and likely very much more available not on site only but from any terminal that can access the library's website anywhere. >> Betty Lupinacci: Okay, Kurt, do you want to answer this next one? It's asking if we have any plans to proactively market this repository as a place for other countries to have their gazettes made available in digital format? >> Kurt Carroll: So, that's a really good question. We haven't yet. Honestly, I think it would be a good idea if there would be interest. The one thing the Library of Congress has been doing for all kinds of electronic resources and publications is web archiving, and for -- as most of you know, for web archiving for sometimes daily or more than daily printed publications or released publications, web archiving just -- it's just not -- it's prohibitively expensive to do that. It just doesn't work to catch everything down to a PDF level like an official gazette. It certainly would make our collecting, I think, easier if governments wanted to do some kind of transfer this way. I mean, I certainly would be for it. We've tried to identify, as all libraries, you have to prioritize your work. So, for the example of European Union and EU countries, they've had a pretty clear commitment to free and open access to law material. So, EU gazettes and member-nation gazettes had gone electronic only, we pretty much stopped collecting them and ingesting them and pointing to EU and country sites directly from our Guide to Law online. But for other countries that may be considered at risk, you know, whether it's potential for civil strife or even environmental reasons. Think of some small island nations. You know, if there would be a risk that the gazette may not be available online through their government portal, there are countries that we deem that we should be harvesting that material or doing electronic subscriptions or something to try to preserve it. So, yeah, I think everything's on the table, but we are committed to official gazettes. As I said in my introduction, it is the primary item that we -- for collection development for foreign law collection. The Law Library does have over 20 foreign-trained attorneys on staff who are just doing research in specific jurisdictions. So, this is the primary source material that they really need for their work, whether it's for Congress, public queries, or through interagency agreements that we have within the federal government. I do want to touch back to another question. Someone asked if we have plans to do retrospective digitization. We certainly would like to. As Ken was saying, it's relatively a new initiative at the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress is still doing microfilm preservation for newsprint, whether it's newspapers or official gazettes. I'm assuming by the end of next year, it will be 100% digitization for preservation, and it's certainly our hope that capacity will increase. That we could then convert our microfilm masters to digital. So, we would have a more complete collection and fewer mixed formats for a title. I hope that answers your questions. >> Betty Lupinacci: One other point I would make here is that the idea of this guide was just to focus on the Library of Congress's holdings. We kind of discussed, you know, linking to outside sources and foreign government websites and decided that that might be better handled through the Law Library's Guide to Law online, and our focus here, just because the scope of it is huge enough, was going to be our internal records for our internal holdings of material that we gather and process and preserve. So, it doesn't mean that it can't happen in the future, but it might not be on this platform that that happens, but stay tuned. We'd like to make it all available to you. Someone wants to verify that the only remote collection available at this time in full-text form is Eritrea. That is correct. We've recently completed the metadata for the UAE gazette, and we're just starting on Egypt, and again, those have to go through there's levels of approval at the library and, you know, people reviewing the work, and then, we can, hopefully, make more content available soon. The last question I see here is, "Will you be forwarding the attendees a copy of this webinar's PDF presentation?" I guess Robert will have to answer that. I don't know. >> Robert Brammer: I can answer that, yeah. If you go to law.gov and send us a message through Ask a Librarian, we'd be glad to send you a copy of the slides, and the recording of this presentation will be posted shortly. It looks like that's it. All right, I want to thank our panel for this presentation. It was great. We hope you enjoyed this presentation, and we used this database to explore our collection of legal gazettes. Like I said, a recording of this will be posted shortly. I also want to mention that on December 10th at 3 p.m., we'll be hosting our online Human Rights Day event. This will be a panel discussion on contact tracing and the right of privacy. You can find more information about this and other webinars that will be coming up soon on our legal research Institute page at law.gov. Thank you for coming. Bye.