>> Amber Paranick: I would like to introduce today's speaker, Liz Novara. Liz Elizabeth Novara is the American Women's History specialist in the Manuscript Division at the Library of Congress. She holds an MLS in Archives Management, an MA in history, a graduate certificate in Women's Studies, and is currently pursuing a PhD in American History at the University of Maryland, College Park. She co-curated the Library's "Shall Not Be Denied: Women Fight for the Vote" exhibition during the 2020 centennial of the ratification of the 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Thank you, Liz, for joining us today and for sharing your knowledge of the library's collections. >> Elizabeth Novara: Thank you so much, Amber, for that introduction. It's a pleasure to be here to share some of the library's collections that represent the history and the struggle for and against the Equal Rights Amendment, more commonly known as the ERA. This year, at 2023 marks the 100th anniversary of the first time that the ERA was introduced in Congress. So I thought, or the group thought, it would be fitting to do an overview of some of the collections that have significant content related to the ERA. So the ERA has roots in the women's rights. Here we go trying to get my slides to advance. The women's rights and women's suffrage movements of the 19th century. On July 1848, more than 300 people assembled in Seneca Falls, New York, for the nation's first women's rights convention. At this meeting, women's rights leader Elizabeth Cady Stanton read her now famous "Declaration of Sentiments" protesting women's inferior legal status and listing 11 resolutions for the moral, economic, and political equality of women. And the most radical, and perhaps the most well known of those sentiments was the demand for the elective franchise. 75 years later, on July 20th and 21st, 1923, the National Woman's Party, or NWP, also convened at Seneca Falls, New York, to celebrate the recent ratification of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This amendment secured most women nationally the right to vote. The NWP also voted at their convention to begin their campaign for a new amendment that would provide women with legal equality as well. This panoramic photograph from the Prints and Photographs Division shows NWP members gathered outside their convention meeting place, the First Presbyterian Church of Seneca Falls, and these two other images show some of the pageantry that was included in the convention celebrations. Much like the suffrage amendment, the NWP assisted state level efforts for equal rights, but decided that a national amendment was the best way to achieve their goal. This political cartoon from the cover of the NWP's weekly journal, "Equal Rights," shows the NWP beginning their lobbying campaign for the ERA and women representing the states feeding the congressional meat grinder bills for equal rights. After lobbying efforts throughout the fall of 1923, the Equal Rights Amendment was presented to the U.S. Congress on December 10th, 1923, by Representative Daniel R. Anthony who was Susan B. Anthony's nephew and Senator Charles Curtis, both of whom were Republicans from Kansas. Daniel Anthony is shown here on the steps of the U.S. Capitol with members of the NWP that December day. And just as the suffrage amendment had been known as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment to honor Anthony's activism, the Equal Rights Amendment was known as the Lucretia Mott Amendment to honor Mott and those reformers who had originally met at Seneca Falls in 1848 and demanded equal rights for women. However, the National Woman's Party in the early 1920s represented only a very small slice of American women. Many former suffragists opposed the idea of an Equal Rights Amendment, and opposition to the ERA was immediate even before the NWP and their leader, Alice Paul, had really formally decided and announced that they were going to focus on a federal amendment to combat legal discrimination against women. Strong disapproval came not only from political conservatives, but also from progressive feminists within the labor movement who wanted to preserve their hard won protective labor laws for wage earning women. The Lucretia Mott amendment or the ERA, was drafted by Alice Paul, Crystal Eastman and other NWP members and was presented to Congress. It originally read, "Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation." The amendment was reintroduced at every session of Congress for the next 49 consecutive years, and for the first several decades of its existence, members of the NWP were at the forefront of organizing women to lobby their congresspersons, as shown here, to support the ERA. The wording of the amendment would change over the years, most notably in 1943 when it became closer to the wording that we are more familiar with today, "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state on account of sex." But it was not only the wording that would change as the amendment was reintroduced, debated, and contemplated over the course of the 20th century and into the 21st. The historical context would change as well, and the meaning of what the ERA represented in American society gradually shifted as new labor laws, a world war, new civil rights legislation, and other events would change the constituencies who supported and those who opposed the amendment. These changing meanings and perspectives are still ongoing, and 100 years later, the ERA is still under deliberation. Even though the ERA failed to become part of the U.S. constitution in 1982, it still remains one of the most popular proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution. According to the National Archives, about 10% over 1100 of all the amendments introduced in Congress have been for the ERA. For those who wish to delve further into the history of the ERA, the Library of Congress has many collection materials that can assist researchers, students, and the public in learning more about the changing context of the ERA over time. Today, I'm going to highlight some of these relevant collections, and my focus will primarily be on manuscript division collections, but I will also cover a few other materials outside of the Manuscript Division. Also, the focus is obviously on collections available here at the Library of Congress. But there are, of course, many collections at other institutions that provide additional historical context to the ERA history. The Manuscript Division, our Reading Room homepage is shown here, has many women's history collections that focus on women's movements and the struggle for equal rights. So depending on your research topic, you may wish to explore a broader range of collections than the few examples that I'm going to discuss today. Okay, so for this presentation, I'm going to focus on several collections that have some obvious relevance to ERA history. And these include organizational records, including the records of the National Women's Party, the National Consumers League, and the League of Women Voters, and also the records of ERA America. And I'm going to cover some individual papers, papers belonging to individuals such as the papers of civil rights activist Mary Church Terrell and Congresswoman Patsy T. Mink. Some materials in these collections may only be accessible as microfilm, and some materials may be stored off site, so please take a close look at the catalog records and the archival finding aids for these collections to determine how best to access these materials and reference. Librarians can also help you if you have questions related on how to access particular materials. The National Woman's Party Records, I'm going to start off with that one. The National Women's Party originally led by Alice [inaudible] and Lucy Burns, was an organization that had broken away from the mainstream suffrage movement and used radical tactics during the women's suffrage campaign, such as picketing the white House. As I mentioned previously, almost immediately after the ratification of the women's suffrage amendment, the NWP would take on the fight for the ERA. And the National Woman's Party Records are a rich source of information on the struggle for the ERA from its origins through the 1990s. From the 1920s through the 1950s, Alice Paul and the NWP were the creators and the primary instigators in support of the ERA, and potential research topics in this collection are extensive, including delving into the early years of the history of the ERA and the drafting of the ERA. Early campaign efforts by the NWP to support the Equal Rights Amendment, and also their attempts at building international relationships in women's rights movements to further their influence. And those are just a few potential topics. Depicted here on the left are NWP envoys that were sent to convince President Calvin Coolidge to support the ERA in 1927, and on the right is an NWP delegation en route to Paris to seek support from the International Women's Suffrage Alliance in 1926. One highlight from the collection includes the NWP's congressional voting cards. And these cards tracked the opinions of members of Congress on the ERA. The National Woman's Party sent out lobbyists to interview and track all the details of a congressional members viewpoints and background, in order to gauge their support for the amendment. One box of congressional voting cards... of the Congressional Voting Card file is shown here, organized by state. These two congressional voting cards are just some examples that I pulled show differing viewpoints on the ERA from two New Jersey representatives in the 1920s. Republican Franklin W. Fort was unalterably opposed to the ERA, and he believed that, "The chief interest of every woman is and should be a good husband." Representative Mary T. Norton, who was the first woman elected to Congress from New Jersey, stated that she sided more with women's protective labor legislation, but she was noncommittal in opposing or supporting the ERA, and the NWP continued to track congressional opinions using these voting cards through at least the 1950s. So they're a rich source of information on congressional opinions during that time period. Another example from the ERA records includes materials related to the NWP legal research department in the 1920s. Although the ERA campaign was the primary focus of the National Woman's Party post 1920, the NWP also supported the struggle for women's equality on the state and local levels. In the 1920s, the members of the NWP legal research department shown here just drafted over 600 pieces of legislation for equal rights, and state legislatures passed more than 300 of these bills. The NWP legislation focused on issues such as custody of rights of children, jury service, property rights and divorce rights, among many other issues related to women's rights. And the Legal Research Department also drafted extensive reports, some examples of which are shown here covering the legal status of women in each state. Many of the women in the Legal Research Department had extensive legal training and advanced law degrees, and one example is Burnita Shelton Matthews, who is in the front row on the far right, and she was the head of the department and became the first woman appointed as a judge to a federal district court in 1949. The NWP ratification efforts continued into the 30s, 40s, and 50s, and the NWP records document this activism, which is oftentimes overlooked in historical narratives of the ERA. And those narratives often not always, but tend to focus on the origins in 1923 and then the activism of the 1970s and 80s. The NWP continued their lobbying efforts through these earlier decades, held meetings of their National Council to discuss their progress or lack of progress, as shown here in 1947 and Alice Paul wrote letters to update NWP membership on the ERA congressional campaign, as shown here from 1956. A final example of the types of materials to be found within these records are 1970s and 1980s activism and marches that occurred in support of the ERA and ERA ratification efforts. After the death of feminist leader Alice Paul on July 9th, 1977, the NWP and other women's organizations organized an August 26th march later that same summer, as depicted by this broadside and photograph. This march honored Paul's legacy, supported the women's liberation movement, and stressed the continued need for action on the Equal Rights Amendment. So another collection that I wanted to talk about was the National Consumers League records, and they're another great collection to consult for ERA interested researchers. However, this collection contains materials more related to early opposition efforts to the ERA, and they support women's support for women's protective labor legislation. National Consumers League leader Florence Kelley shown here, and other labor feminists, both white and Black, continued that women were... contended that women were biologically different than men and needed special laws in order to protect their distinct reproductive role in society. These hard won protections for women included shorter working hours, required rest breaks, prohibitions on night work, and limits to heavy lifting. Labor feminists also hoped that protective laws would eventually extend to all workers. Florence Kelley's National Consumers League continued to rally opposition to the amendment into the 1940s, as shown here by these two pamphlets. The NCL was also a member with many other women's organizations. You can see here on the right listed on the back of this pamphlet, such as the Women's Trade Union League and the League of Women Voters. And they formed a group called the National Committee to Defeat the Unequal Rights Amendment. So another collection that I wanted to mention is the Mary Church Terrell Papers, and this collection offers African American women's perspectives on the early history of the ERA. The majority of Terrell's papers are digitized and transcribed on the library's website, making them text searchable and much easier to access. Despite enduring racism as one of the National Woman's Party's few Black members, civil rights activist Mary Church Terrell maintained her membership in the NWP and was a longtime supporter of the ERA. She had been a member of the NWP during the struggle for suffrage, and she had picketed the White House along with her daughter, Phyllis Terrell Langston. As a founder and a former president of the National Association of Colored Women NACW, Terrell likely influenced that organization to lend its support to the Equal Rights Amendment as early as January 1936, as this telegram and letter found in her papers attest. As noted earlier, many other women's organizations did not necessarily support the amendment in the 1930 and 40s, so this was a substantial step for the NACW to take the stand. Additional materials in Terrell's papers give clues to other African American women's perspectives on the ERA. In the 1930 and 1940s, and one of the first search results that comes up when searching the keywords Equal Rights Amendment and quotes within the digitized papers is a draft of an undated article titled "Why We Need the Equal Rights Amendment." In the draft article, Terrell argues forcefully for the ERA, stating, "I am deeply grieved that any colored woman would oppose any legislation providing equal rights along any line of human endeavor." Terrell's obvious statements that she is entering into a debate with another African American woman, and her references at the beginning of this draft article provide clues that this is a response to another article written by Dorothy Kay Funn in the periodical "Congress View" which I discovered was published by the National Negro Congress. But who was Dorothy Kay Funn? With some additional creative searching and digging in other Manuscript Division Collection, we can find some answers. The Manuscript Division, fortunately has the records of the National Negro Congress on microfilm, including copies of the publication "Congress View" to which Terrell refers to in her draft. And the originals of these records are housed at the Schomburg Center for Black Culture at New York Public Library. It turns out that Funn was a legislative expert for the National Negro Congress, and she opposed the ERA and sided with the view of labor feminists that women and other workers benefited from protective labor legislation. In her 1944 article, Funn argued African American... She argued that African Americans should oppose the ERA, arguing that it was anti-labor and that women wage earners during World War II especially needed these protections. She also called out the NWP as being composed of, "Wealthy, powerful, non-working women of leisure." Funn concluded that removing protections for women could result in adversities for women, and potentially for other workers, including all African American workers. In tracking down Funn's article, we've also discovered that Terrell's undated response was likely drafted sometime around 1944. So this research example shows that we can use the Mary Church Terrell papers as a starting point, follow some clues in her documents, and also discover additional perspectives on the ERA. Next, I'd like to talk about the League of Women Voters of the United States records, which is another rich collection for researching ERA history, including the shifting nature of the league's opposition and support for the Equal Rights Amendment. The league was originally opposed to the ERA and sided with labor feminists throughout the 1920s through about the 1960s, and they supported protective labor legislation for women. Evidence of the league's opposition can be found in their earlier records, such as this 1939 pamphlet, where the League stated that they continue to work for passage of better laws for women, state by state, and they seek not equal rights, but a true equality of opportunity so that women may have under the law a fair chance to develop both as women and as citizens. By 1943, milestone legislative changes had occurred, including the passage of the Federal Labor Standards Act, the FLSA in 1938, which provided limited protections for both men and women in certain occupations, including a federal minimum wage. Due to the FLSA and women's participation in the war efforts of the 1940s, the ERA began to garner gradual support from previously opposed women's organizations, including the General Federation of Women's Clubs in 1944. The GFWC was one of the largest women's organizations at the time, and it was a major victory for pro-ERA feminists when the group changed its position on the ERA. However, the League of Women Voters and most other women's groups still remained a part of the National Committee to Defeat the Unequal Rights Amendment at this time. After the first several decades of substantial debate over the ERA, the women's movement of the 1960s would create an upswell of support for the amendment. In addition, the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination in public places and in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, assisted in changing the minds of labor activists who had opposed the ERA for decades. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, many organizations that had previously opposed the ERA began championing the amendment, including the League of Women Voters, the National Consumers League, and several and many labor organizations. The League of Women Voters became and remains a major supporter of the ERA today. And you can see some of those organizations listed on the back of this League of Women Voters pamphlet. Once the league fully supported the ERA, the collected materials on individuals and groups that opposed the amendment in order to better understand and fight back against the opposition. In this way, the league's records are also an excellent source for finding sources on the opposition movement in the 1970s and early 1980s. In just one year after passage of the ERA by both houses of Congress in 1972, the ERA was successfully ratified by 30 states out of a required 38, and to supporters, ratification seemed inevitable. But as the ERA gained more support, however, a strong opposition arose in the 1970s, in particular from Phyllis Schlafly, a political activist. In 1972, Schlafly founded the committee to stop ERA and brought together religious conservative groups to oppose the ERA. She was a brilliant and relentless organizer, publishing anti ERA information in her newsletters. And she also... one of those was the "Phyllis Schlafly Report" shown here. And she also wrote letters to members of her stop ERA organization. And many copies of these can be found in the League of Women Voters records. Her strong opposition movement slowed and eventually halted the ratification process in many states. No states ratified the amendment after 1977, and some states even tried to rescind their previous ratifications. Finally, the League of Women Voters records are also a good source to discover how the league collaborated with and appealed to diverse groups including African Americans, women of color, and people of various religious backgrounds. And that's illustrated here by some selected ERA publicity materials from within the league's files. So another collection I wanted to talk about is the Patsy T. Mink Papers, and they provide another perspective on the history of the ERA from the viewpoint of a woman representative, during a time when very few women served in Congress. Patsy Takemoto Mink, a Democrat from Hawaii, was the first woman of color elected to Congress in 1965. Mink's first terms in office, from '65 to 1977, coincided with the second wave of the feminist movement, and her involvement in the passage of title nine and the Women's Educational Equity Act are arguably among her most noteworthy successes in fighting gender based discrimination. She not only fought discrimination through legislation, but also actively joined protests and marches. For example, on the right, she has shown with fellow congresswomen Charlotte Reid and Catherine May, protesting the gendered meaning of the members only sign at the entrance to the U.S. House of Representatives gym in February of 1967. Before their protest, female members of Congress did not enjoy basic equality with male members, such as equal access to the gym. When first confronted by activists asking her for support on the ERA, Mink deliberated on the question and wondered about the amendment's usefulness as this 1970 letter demonstrates. She wrote to the president of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women, "I am not yet convinced the good to be achieved by a constitutional amendment outweighs the mischief, particularly for women who are at the lowest end of the economic ladder, whom I have a special burden to represent." So she was also thinking like a labor feminist in some ways. Soon afterwards, however, Mink would agree that supporting the ERA was a simple issue of fairness, and she vociferously championed the ERA for the rest of her congressional career. There are also documents in the Mink papers, demonstrating the process of forcing the ERA out of committee and onto the House floor for a vote. And Representative Martha Griffiths served in Congress from 1955 to 1974, and had successfully argued for sex as a protected class in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Although the ERA had been introduced in every session of Congress from 1923 to 1970, the amendment was always sent to committee and never brought to a floor vote. However, Griffiths filed a discharge petition in 1970 to demand that the House of Representatives vote on the ERA. The petition, which successfully brought the ERA to a floor vote, required the signatures of a majority of House members, and although the House passed this bill, the Senate tried to add provisions exempting women from the military draft and the bill effectively died. Unfazed by this defeat, Griffiths reintroduced the ERA in the following year and during the 92nd Congress, but with some noted changes, including adding a deadline for ratification. Griffiths outlines her work on the discharge petition and on the ERA's reintroduction in correspondence that she sent to her congressional colleagues, and some of this correspondence is found within the Mink Papers. After intense debate, the ERA was eventually approved by the House on October 12th, 1971, and the Senate approved the ERA on March 2nd, 1972. The amendment was then sent to the states with a seven-year deadline for ratification. Finally, the Patsy Mink Papers also document, along with the NWP records, the League of Women Voters records and other some other collections, marches and public activism supporting the ERA. More marches for the ERA occurred as opposition mounted in the late 70s and early 1980s, and the 1979 deadline for ratification of the ERA was fast approaching. And the ratification no longer seems as guaranteed as it had been in 1972, when there was so much support behind the amendment. Congresswoman Elizabeth Holtzman and pro ERA activists, including the National Organization for Women or NOW, made a major push to extend the deadline. During a 1978th march for extension and ratification, tens of thousands of organizers flocked to Washington, D.C., dressed in white to show their support for the ERA. And only eight days after the march, an extension until June 30th, 1982 was passed. However, no additional states ratified the amendment by the 1982 deadline. And the final collection that I want to mention today is the ERA America Records. Founded in 1976, ERA America was a private national campaign organization which created a bipartisan coalition out of many supporting organizations to promote the ratification of the ERA. ERA America was led by co-chairs Democrat Liz Carpenter and Republican Lee Peterson. Carpenter had worked for First Lady Lady Bird Johnson as her press secretary, and had long advocated for women's issues. Petersen was the first woman to serve as chair of the Michigan Republican Party, and the organization's records demonstrate how they promoted the ERA, using various strategies, including through countless forms of publicity, marches and protests, and organizing boycotts of conferences in states that did not ratify the amendment. And that's what this letter here is about. It's about boycotting those states who had not ratified. Finally, much like the League of Women Voters records, the ERA America records also are a good source of documentation of opposition of the ERA, because they were collecting that information for how to respond against opposition rhetoric. So I've only had a chance to highlight very briefly some selected relevant collections in this presentation. And there are many other collections that contain information about the history of the ERA at the library and in the Manuscript Division, including other examples would be the NAACP records and the National Council of Jewish Women records. The Papers of Anna Kelton Wiley, who was an NWP activist and supporter of the ERA, and there are also political papers that contain information related to the ERA, and one example is U.S. representative from New York, Emanuel Celler, who was adamantly opposed to the ERA during his almost 50 years in Congress. So depending on your research focus, there may be many other collections in which to search for materials and one place to start reviewing potential collections in the manuscript Division is the Division's American Women Guide, which has a section on women's rights. However, other sections of the guide topical sections might also prove useful to your research, so I would recommend checking that out. There are also American Women guides for other divisions in the library, which could assist you in finding ERA related materials in other reading rooms at the library, and part of the American Women Guide series also included topical essays, and one of them, "The Long Road to Equality: What Women Won from the ERA Ratification Effort" by Leslie Gladstone, specifically focuses on the history of the ERA ratification effort and in finding resources at the library. So definitely check that out, especially if you're interested in the later ratification effort time period. Finally, I want to mention just Prints and Photographs Division is, of course, an excellent source for images related to ERA history, and I've used many images from the Prints and Photographs Division throughout my presentation. Some selected images can be found in searching the library's website, such as political cartoons related to the ERA, and some of those are by Nina Olander, who was an artist who had created imagery for the cover of the National Women's Party's publications, "The Suffragist" and "Equal Rights." There are also selected images of individuals, protests and marches. Political posters are also available, including this one as one example for Congresswoman Bella Abzug, and as well as anti ERA photographs such as this one of Phyllis Schlafly at an ERA opposition dinner. However, I would say it's important to keep in mind that only a very small sampling of materials are digitized, especially from later in the 20th century due to copyright restrictions and the large size of some of the collections from which these images come from. So many more photographs can be found in searching collections on site at the library. Another resource is congress.gov, especially in searching the Congressional Record for evidence of discussions in Congress related to the ERA. And one example is this May 21st, 1969, speech in support of the ERA by Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm of New York, who was the first African American woman elected to Congress. Another online collection that may be useful is Women of Protest, which represents selected digital photographs from the National Women's Party records. This collection has some useful historical timelines, which provide links to relevant images related to the timeline, and a more detailed chronology in PDF format is also available. And Chronicling America is another resource for finding freely accessible newspaper articles and other periodicals are available at the library through subscription databases or in the newspaper and current periodicals reading room. So, as we're all aware, the debate over the ERA is ongoing and it continues to be a focus of women's rights movements to this day, with the prerequisite 38 states now having ratified the amendment, according to supporters of the ERA. And there's also been a push in Congress to either negate the original deadline or introduce a new, comparable amendment for state consideration. This makes delving into the history of this complicated amendment all the more important, and I hope that you found some of this information that I presented today helpful and relevant to your research. And thank you for taking the time out of your busy schedules to attend the session today, and I'm happy to respond to questions. >> Amber Paranick: Thank you so much, Liz, for that wonderful presentation. And now we are going to open the floor for questions. If you have questions, please submit them using the Zoom's Q&A feature. While we are waiting for some questions to roll in, I would like to mention that the group is planning additional events and the next session will be in January 2024 with a presentation on the library's LGBTQ collections by Reference Librarian Meg Metcalf. Stay tuned for more details, and let's move on to some questions. Okay, we did have one question that was sent in a little earlier in the presentation. And the question is how many states have passed state ERA amendments or legislation? >> Elizabeth Novara: That's a good question, which I don't have the answer to. I think you can probably find it online, but many states have passed their own equal rights legislation, you know, state legislation. So I don't know the answer to that question, but many have done so. And I guess I could say that some folks would argue that because these states have passed equal rights legislation, the question is, would a federal amendment make a difference? And of course, you know, people would argue it from both sides that, yes, we still need the federal amendment or no, we do not. >> Amber Paranick: Great, great. Thanks so much. Another question just sent in. The question is what is holding up the ERA? >> Elizabeth Novara: Well, the big question is whether or not... So there was a ratification deadline for the ERA. It was originally passed in Congress in 1972 with a deadline. The deadline was extended to June of 1982, and not enough states had ratified the ERA by that deadline. So essentially, the amendment died. But there is currently an argument right now saying that the ratification deadline, you know, it doesn't matter. It was just an added section of the amendment that it can be ignored, essentially, and that additional states have actually passed the Federal Equal Rights Amendment. The three more that had been needed to ratify the ERA have now passed it. So there is an argument right now that, you know, Congress should either, you know, rescind the ratification deadline or that a new ERA should be proposed in Congress, and then it would go through the whole process of having to be approved by both houses in Congress, and then it would have to go back out to the states to be approved. So that's where it is right now. >> Amber Paranick: Thank you so much. It looks like we have another question just sent in. And the question is; thanks very much for the good overview and thanks for the finding aid to the ERA, America Records, which made them accessible when I wrote my biography of Elly Peterson in 2011. When I was doing my research, I was advised that some women who had been involved with that campaign in the 1970s had sat for oral histories that were turned into the Library of Congress. The staff could not find them at the time. I assume that they still have not turned up. They have still not turned up. And by the way, Peterson's papers at the University of Michigan Bentley Library have good details about the internal struggles of ERA America covered in one chapter in my book. >> Elizabeth Novara: That's great information. Could you... did you want to give us the title of your book? And I'm not sure about the oral histories. I can check into that. I'm assuming they were part of the ERA America records or were they done separately? But if you want to follow up with me independently of this discussion, we can talk about that. I should say down on the bottom of the screen is a link for ask.loc.gov, and you can also submit questions there. Those will go to our online "Ask a Librarian" form. And if you want to put in your question to have your question forwarded to me, Liz Novara in the Manuscript Division, you're very welcome to do that. And I can respond if you want to have a follow up discussion with me afterwards. >> Amber Paranick: Thank you so much. It looks like our next question it's not directly related to our presentation today, but is the... Tandy would like recommendation for an archival database that students can review when considering the racist views that Jane Addams held that Ida B. Wells sought to correct her on. >> Elizabeth Novara: I'm not sure if I have a recommendation for that. I know there is the Jane Addams Papers project. So you could potentially submit a question to them and see if they have any recommendations for you. So you can just search that online, Jane Addams Papers project. >> Amber Paranick: Thank you so much. Let's see. Our next question is... Oopsie. My question is just to ask whether those oral histories have since been found. That was from our previous commenter. >> Elizabeth Novara: Okay. And as I said, I don't know. I guess I would need more information, but you're welcome to submit that as a question to ask.loc.gov. >> Amber Paranick: Wonderful. Thank you so much. And our next question is a thank you and the question commenter submitted the following. Thank you very much for an excellent presentation. Thank you so much for attending. >> Elizabeth Novara: Thank you. >> Amber Paranick: And let's see our next question is a comment as well. The Jane Addams papers are microfilmed and extend far beyond the digital project. >> Elizabeth Novara: Yes and I'm aware of that, but I just if they wanted to ask a question about a database of some sort, I think getting in touch with those folks might be a good place to start. >> Amber Paranick: Wonderful. Thank you so much. All right, let's see. I think that we've reached the end of the questions for today's session. And I just have one final announcement to make today and let's see. Okay. One announcement is the National Women's Party Research Fellowship Committee will soon be seeking applicants for this year's fellowship, and one fellowship will be awarded annually with a stipend of up to $2,000 to be used to cover travel to and from Washington, D.C., overnight accommodations, as well as other research expenses. Awards will assist fellows in their ongoing scholarly research and writing projects on the National Women's Party, or on more broadly related topics within the fields of women's and gender history, equality studies, women's studies, or other subject areas linked to the legacy of NWP. Graduate students, independent scholars, and other researchers with a need for the fellowship support are encouraged to apply. Completed applications are due on February 15th, 2024, and notification will occur in late spring of 2023. For more information on the requirements and to download the application form, please see the fellowship website and which will be updated soon with this year's application information and I apologize. The notification will occur in late spring of 2024. And thank you all so much for joining us for today's presentation. Please feel free to contact the Women's History and Gender Studies Discussion group. If you have any questions about today's presentation or about any of these announcements and we look forward to seeing you at future events. Thank you and have a great rest of your day, everyone.